Encyclopedia of Plants And Flowers

AMERICAN

HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY

AMERICAN

HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

PLANTS &
LLOWERS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

PLANTS &
FLOWERS

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

PLANTS &
FLOWERS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

CHRISTOPHER BRICKELL

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

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FIRST EDITION
Senior Editor Jane Aspden

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Additional editorial assistance from Jane Birdsell, Lynn Bresler,
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First American edition published by Macmillan Publishing Company in 1989

Second American edition published by DK Publishing in 2002

This fully revised and updated edition first published in America in 2011

Published in the United States by

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(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

i

PREFACE

Americans enjoy many hobbies, but surveys continue to show that gardening is the single
most popular leisure time activity. At the same time, given the fast-paced, multitasking,
technology-driven lifestyle that seems to be the norm in the 21st century, most of us have
less time for gardening than we might like.

In developing this revised and updated edition of the AHS Encyclopedia of Plants & Flowers,
our goal was to address this challenge by providing a wealth of practical and inspirational
plant selection and design information in an easy-to-use format that is suited to both new
gardeners and experienced ones.

Among the useful components is the Plant Selector section, which offers detailed lists
of plants suited to particular garden sites—such as sun or shade, dry or moist soil, and
containers—or plants with particular attributes, such as fragrant flowers or decorative
fruits. Within each list, plants are subdivided by type and can be cross-referenced with
the more detailed plant entries included in the Plant Catalog and Plant Dictionary sections.

The Plant Catalog is divided into plant groups such as annuals, perennials, bulbs, grasses,
shrubs, vines, and trees. Under each broad category, special sections are devoted to popular
or useful plant groups that include conifers, hollies, rhododendrons, hydrangeas, roses,
clematis, hellebores, daylilies, and daffodils, to name but a few. New to this edition is a section
for subtropical plants, orchids, and succulents, which have become very popular for use in
containers or for summer color even in regions where they are not fully hardy. Each section
of the catalog is further organized into useful categories such as season of bloom, mature
size, and flower or foliage color so it is easy to locate plants that will provide exactly the
features you want for any garden situation. Each entry includes a color photograph of the
plant so you can see exactly what it looks like, and provides complete information on the
plant's growing requirements.

In addition to the more than 4,000 plants illustrated in the catalog, another 4,000 are covered
in the Plant Dictionary section, providing additional choices that are suitable for a wide range
of gardens and regions, and supplementing the growing information provided in the catalog.

Whether you are a new gardener eager to begin designing your first yard or a veteran
searching for the perfect plants to fill a few gaps, this encyclopedia allows you to quickly
identify a variety of plants that will thrive in different sites in your garden. By enhancing your
ability to select the best plants, we hope it will make your garden more enjoyable, successful,
and productive—and allow you more time to relax and enjoy the fruits of your labor.

From all of us at the American Elorticultural Society, happy gardening!

Tom Underwood

Executive Director, American Elorticultural Society

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CONTRIBUTORS

FIFTH EDITION REVIEWED BY
Zia Allaway
Christopher Brickell
John R. L. Carter
Philip Clayton

Philip Harkness
Graham Rice

Tony Russell
Julian Shaw

Bulbs

Rock Plants, Climbers
Water and Bog Plants
Perennials
Roses

Annuals and Biennials,
Perennials

Trees, Shrubs

Tender and Exotics,
Plant Dictionary

FIRST EDITION CONTRIBUTORS

Susyn Andrews Hollies

Larry Barlow with w. b. Wade Chrysanthemums

Kenneth A. Beckett

with David Pycraft

Shrubs, Climbers,
Bromeliads, Plant Selector

John Brookes with Linden Hawthorne Introduction
Eric Catterall with Richard Gilbert Begonias

Allen J. Coombes

Philip Damp with Roger Aylett

Kate Donald
Kath Dryden
Raymond Evison
Diana Grenfell
Peter Harkness
Linden Hawthorne
Terry Hewitt
David Hitchcock
Hazel Key
Sidney Linnegar
Brian Mathew
Victoria Matthews
David McClintock

Diana Miller

with Richard Gilbert

John Paton
Charles Puddle

Plant Origins, Trees,
Shrubs, Glossary

Dahlias

Peonies, Daffodils

Rock Plants

Clematis

Hostas

Roses

Chapter Introductions

Cacti and Other Succulents

Carnations and Pinks

Pelargoniums

Irises

Irises, Bulbs

Climbers, Lilies, Tulips

Grasses, Bamboos,
Rushes and Sedges

Perennials
African Violets

Perennials

Camellias

Wilma Rittershausen with Sabina Knees Orchids
Peter Q. Rose with Hazel Key Ivies

Keith Rushforth Conifers

A. D. Schilling Rhododendrons and Azaleas

Arthur Smith Gladioli

Philip Swindells with Peter Barnes Ferns

with Kath Dryden and Jack Wernvss Cooke Primulas

with Peter Robinson Water Plants

John Thirkell
Alan Toogood

Major General Patrick Turpin

with David Small

Michael Upward

John Wright with Nancy Darnley

Delphiniums
Annuals and Biennials
Heathers

Perennials

Fuchsias

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CONTENTS

Preface 5

How to use this book 8

Plant names and origins 10
Creating a garden 12

Plant selector 31

PLANT CATALOG

Trees 56

including conifers

Large 60

Medium 69

Magnolias 70

Ornamental bark 78

Small 80

Flowering dogwoods 87

Sorbus (Mountain ash) 91

Flollies 94

Large conifers 95

Medium conifers 99

Small conifers 103

Dwarf conifers 105

Shrubs 106

Large 110

Buddlejas 114

Lilacs 115

Witch hazels 118

Medium 120

Camellias 120

Rhododendrons 124

Cornus 126

Hydrangeas 134

Shrubs for berries 142

Small 145

Hardy fuchsias 154

Salvias 155

Lavenders 158

Heathers 166

Roses 168

Shrub and Old Garden roses 172
Hips and thorns 176

Modern roses 177

Climbing roses 184

Climbers and

wall shrubs

188

Clematis

198

Wisteria

205

Honeysuckle

207

Perennials

212

including grasses, bamboos,
rushes, sedges, and ferns

Large

216

Delphiniums

217

Himalayan poppies

218

Echinacea (Coneflowers)

221

Japanese anemones

222

Medium

223

Irises

224

Aquilegias

226

Peonies

228

Astilbes

232

Persicaria

234

Penstemons

236

Oriental poppies

238

Phlox

240

Campanulas

241

Daylilies

244

Yarrow

247

Helenium

248

Michaelmas daisies

249

Salvias

250

Rudbeckia

251

Chrysanthemums

252

Red-hot pokers

254

Small

254

Primulas

257

Lungworts

261

Carnations and pinks

266

Hostas

272

Sedum

279

Lenten roses

281

Heuchera and xHeucherella

282

Grasses , bamboos , rushes

and sedges

284

Ferns

290

Annuals, biennials.

and bedding

294

Fuchsias

302

Pelargoniums

309

Begonias

317

Rock plants 328

Large 332

Small 347

Gentians 370

Houseleeks 377

Bulbs 378

including corms and tubers
Large 382

Gladioli 384

Alstroemerias 387

Lilies 388

Cannas 394

Dahlias 396

Medium 399

Tulips 400

Daffodils 404

Crocosmia 410

Small 414

Crocuses 417

Water and bog plants 430

Water lilies 440

Tender and exotic plants 446

including cacti and
other succulents

Trees 450

Shrubs 453

Climbers 459

Perennials 465

Orchids 466

Bromeliads 471

African violets 472

Gingers 477

Cacti and other succulents 479

Agaves 482

Aloes 493

PLANT DICTIONARY 497
Index of common names 725
Glossary of terms 736

Acknowledgments 738

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HOW TO USE
THIS BOOK

HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

The core of this book is its two main sections—-The Plant Catalog and the
Plant Dictionary. Here you will find descriptions and cultivation advice
for thousands of plants. Plant Names and Origins explains the system for
classifying and naming plants, while the new introduction. Creating a
Garden, offers advice on design, planting, and basic pruning.

The Plant Selector

The Plant Selector recommends plants for a variety of sites,
soils, and purposes, making it easy to find one to suit your
needs. The list is divided into 23 useful categories, including
plants for groundcover in sun or shade, drought-tolerant
plants, fragrant plants, and those suitable for hedges and
windbreaks. Many are included in the Plant Catalog and
are cross-referenced to a picture and full description.

lotographic reference

Garden themes and uses
are illustrated, together with
photographs of selected plants.

Plants are arranged
by group, then listed
alphabetically.

Size categories

Within most groups in the Plant
Catalog, plants are arranged by
size (then subsequently by season
of interest). Size categories range
from large to small, but are defined

Color order

Within each group, plants are arranged
by the color of their main feature.
Colors are arranged in the same order:
from white through reds, purples, and

differently from group to group. Sizes
are based on plant heights. The specific
height ranges for large, medium, and
small can be found in the introductory
section for the relevant plant group.

blues to greens, yellows, and oranges.
Variegated plants are categorized by
the color of their foliage variegation
(e.g., white or yellow).

Key to symbols

-:0:- Prefers sun
-XE Prefers partial shade
Tolerates full shade

H Height (or length
of trailing stems)

S Spread

Prefers well-drained soil
A Prefers moist soil
A Prefers wet soil

Needs acidic soil
© Toxic plant

The Plant Catalog

This section combines plant portraits and descriptions in a colorful
catalog of 4,000 plants divided into groups: Trees (including
conifers); Shrubs; Roses; Climbers and Wall Shrubs; Perennials
(including grasses, bamboos, rushes, sedges, and ferns); Annuals,
Biennials, and Bedding Plants; Rock Plants; Bulbs; Water and Bog
Plants; and Tender and Exotic Plants. A short introduction to each
group is followed by plants arranged by size, season of interest, and
color and includes feature panels on plants with particular appeal.

Catalog page

If you know a plant but
cannot recall its name,
have a specimen that
you want to identify, or
simply wish to choose
plants for your garden
based on their size or
coloring, the Plant
Catalog is the place
to start.

Page headings_

The headings on each
page reflect the way in
which each plant group
is subdivided—usually by
size and main season of
interest. (See also Size
categories, left.)

Plant portraits_

Color photographs assist
in the identification and
selection of plants.

Feature panels

Plant types or genera
of special interest to the
gardener are presented
in separate feature
panels within the
appropriate group.

Key characteristics_

The introduction
describes the plants
and gives guidance on
cultivation and planting.

Plant portraits

Close-up photographs of
individual flowers or plants
allow quick identification
or selection.

Plant names_/

The botanical name is given
and the Croup or classification
where appropriate. Descriptions
and cultivation advice appear in
the Plant Dictionary.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Rhododendron 'Percy Wiseman'

Evergreen rhododendron with4 domed,
compact habit: In late spring produces
open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow
flowers that fade to Wnite. . „/

-X*- 6 E5 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Cultivation, cold-hardiness,
and heat tolerance

Symbols show the plant's preferred
growing conditions and tolerance of
cold and heat. However, the climatic
and soil conditions of your particular
site should also be taken into account
as they may affect a plant's growth.
(See also key, left, and box, below.)

Toxic plants

This symbol indicates that the plant can
be toxic. Details are given in the genus
introductions in the Plant Dictionary.

Size and shape

For most plants the approximate height (H)
and spread (S) are given at the end of each
caption. (The "height" of a trailing plant is
the length of its stems, either hanging or
spreading.) For Trees, Conifers, and Shrubs,
a scale drawing shows the size and shape
of each plant at maturity.

The botanical name is given
for each plant, and where
appropriate, common names
are listed in brackets.

Color tabs

These indicate a change of
color within the size group
for each season.

.Tabs

Color-coded tabs make it
easy to find each plant group.

Captions describe the plants
in detail and draw attention
to any special uses.

Abbreviations

cv(s)

cultivar(s)

p(p).

page(s)

subsp.

subspecies

f.

forma

pi.

plural

syn.

synonym(s)

illus.

illustrated

sp.

species

var.

varietas

min.

minimum

spp.

species (pi.)

The Plant Dictionary

The Plant Dictionary contains entries for every genus in the
Encyclopedia and includes another 4,000 recommended
plants in addition to those featured in the Plant Catalog.

It also functions as an index to the Plant Catalog.

Genus names

The genus name is
followed by common
names, where appropriate,
and family names_

Genus entries

A concise introduction covers
the distinctive characteristics
and hardiness range of plants
in the genus, as well as advice
on siting, cultivation,
propagation, and, if relevant,
pruning, pests and diseases,
and toxicity. -

Plant names

Botanical names, synonyms,
and common names are given
as appropriate. The genus
name is abbreviated; specific
epithets (e.g., nobile) are
abbreviated only if previously
given in full. _

Plant descriptions_

Key characteristics of
the plant are described.
Hardiness and cultivation
needs are included only
if specific to the plant.

Cultivar entries run on
from the species entry,
with the binomial omitted.

Hardiness and Heat zones

Indicate the zone(s) in which
the plant can be expected to
survive (see below).

Illustrated plants _

Descriptions for illustrated
plants appear in the Plant
Catalog, unless part of a
feature panel (see below left).

Cross-references

RHEUM

Rhubarb

POLYGONACEAE

Synonym cross-references
are listed alphabetically.

Genus of perennials, grown for their
foliage and overall appearance.
.Includes the edible rhubarb and
various ornamental plants. Some
species are extremely large and
require plenty of space. Prefers sun or
partial shade and deep, rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall. ©Leaves may
cause severe discomfort if ingested.

" R. nobile , Clump-forming perennial.
H 5ft (15m), S 3ft (lm). Has oblong to
oval, leathery, basal, mid-green
Heaves, 2ft (60cm) long. In late summer
produces long stems and conical
spikes of large, overlapping, pale
cream bracts that hide insignificant
flowers. Z6-9 H9-6
R. palmatum (Chinese rhubarb).
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 6ft
(2m). Has rounded, 5-lobed, mid¬
den leaves, 2-2V2ft (60-75cm) long.
In eaMy summer produces broad
panicles of^mall, creamy-white
flowers. Z5-9 H9-5
^'AtrosanguineuiiT illus. p.439.

Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See

Hatiora gaertneri.

Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora
rosea.

PLANT HARDINESS ZONES

A given plant's growth and survival is determined by its interaction with many
soil and climatic factors over the life of the plant. Among the most important
aspects of climate is temperature, and a plant's ability to withstand relative low
and high temperatures is referred to as cold-hardiness and heat tolerance,
respectively. To help gardeners select plants for their gardens based on these
factors, the US Department of Agriculture and the American Horticultural
Society have developed maps that divide the United States into recognizable
zones. Based on information gathered at thousands of locations over many
years, the maps and the individual cold-hardiness and heat-zone range codes
that are based on them serve as a reliable guide for choosing plants for
your garden. The zone maps appear on the endpapers of this book.

The individual codes for cold-hardiness and heat tolerance presented in this
book are offered as approximate guides and should not be considered as
absolute. Practicing horticultural techniques such as mulching and winter
protection will alter a plant's interaction with its environment and may enable
it to survive beyond the zones given in this or other publications.

9

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HOW TO USE
THIS BOOK

PLANT NAMES
AND ORIGINS

PLANT NAMES AND ORIGINS

Plants have always been given local names, with the result that many of
them were called by a different name in different regions and countries.
To overcome this problem, a common naming system was devised and
developed into the plant naming system that is now used worldwide.

The binomial system

Greek and Roman scholars laid the
foundations of our plant-naming method,
but the binomial system used today was
largely established in the 18th century by
Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-
1778). Linnaeus classified each plant with
two Latin words, rather than the descriptive
phrases used previously. The first word
describes the genus (e.g.. Ilex) and the
second the epithet (e.g., aquifolium). Together
they provided a name for a particular plant
species such as Ilex aquifolium (English
holly). Other species in the same genus were
given different epithets such as Ilex crenata
and Ilex serrata. The system has been
developed by scientists so that the entire
plant kingdom is divided into a universally
recognized "family tree" (see opposite).

The meaning of plant names

Plant names are derived from various
sources. Some are commemorative—the
Fuchsia is a tribute to German physician
Leonhart Fuchs—while others indicate a
plant's geographic origins, as with Parrotia
persica (of Persia). A plant may be named
after the collector who introduced it, such
as Primula forrestii, cultivated by George
Forrest. Alternatively, the name may
describe the plant's characteristics—for
example, quinquefolia in Parthenocissus
quinquefolia, which means with foliage
made up of five leaflets; it comes from the
Latin quinque (five) and folium (leaf).

A plant name may change because the
plant has been incorrectly identified; or
because it has been given an earlier name;
or because the name has been found to apply
to two different plants; or because new
knowledge changes the plant's classification.
In this book, synonyms are included so
renamed plants can be easily recognized.

Common names

Although many plants have familiar
common names, botanical names are used
because not all plants possess a common
name, or they may share a name with other
plants. In addition, a common name may
be used in different regions to describe
different plants. For example, in Scotland
"plane" refers to Acer pseudoplatanus

(sycamore); in England it refers to the
London plane ( Platanus x hispanica ), and in
the US both "plane" and "sycamore" are
used for Platanus occidentalis. Common
names may also refer to unrelated plants,
as is the case with sea holly ( Eryngium ),
hollyhock ( Alcea ), and summer holly
(Arctostaphylos diver si folia), none of which
is a true holly [Ilex). Another problem is
that one plant may have several common
names: heartsease, love-in-idleness, and
Johnny-jump-up all refer to Viola tricolor.

Botanical divisions

Divided into a hierarchy, plants are
classified according to the following
groups, which help to identify them:

The family

Plants are grouped in families according
to the structure of their flowers, fruits,
and other organs. Families may consist
of clearly related plants, such as orchids
(family Orchidaceae), or embrace
diverse plants as in the family Rosaceae:
Alchemilla, Cotoneaster, Crataegus,

Malus, Geum, Prunus, Pyracantha,

Sorbus and Spiraea.

The genus and its species

A family may contain one genus (for
example, Eucryphia is the only genus
in the family Eucryphiaceae) or many—
the daisy family Compositae has over
1,000 genera.

Each genus comprises related plants,
such as oaks (genus Quercus) or lilies
(genus Lilium), with several features in
common, and a genus may contain one
or many species. For example, a member
of the genus Lilium could be any lily, but
Lilium candidum denotes just one type.

A species is a group of plants that
consistently and naturally reproduce
themselves, often by seed or vegetatively,
generating plant populations that share
similar characteristics.

Subspecies, varieties, and forms

In the wild, even plants of the same species
can exhibit slight differences, and these are
split into three subdivisions. The subspecies
(subsp.) is a distinct variant of the species;
the variety (var.) differs slightly in its
botanical structure; and the form (f.) has
only minor variations, such as the habit or
color of leaf, flower, or fruit.

ABOVE Wild origins

Many plant species that subsequently become garden plants are initially found
in the wild. The North Cape Province of South Africa is home to many annuals
and succulents, from which breeders have produced new cultivars and hybrids.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Cultivars

Plant breeders are constantly trying to
improve a plant's performance, and
produce new "cultivars" (a contraction of
cultivated varieties) that are more vigorous,
produce more flowers, or possess other
favorable characteristics that differentiate
them from the wild form of the species
Although many cultivars are bred by
specialists, others are found in the wild or
occur as mutations and are then introduced
to cultivation. To reproduce cultivars that
exhibit a consistent set of characteristics,
many must be propagated vegetatively
(cuttings, grafting, or division) or grown
annually from specially selected seed.

Cultivars have vernacular names, which
are printed in Roman type within single
quotes (e.g., Phygelius aequalis 'Yellow
Trumpet'J.When plant breeders raise a new
cultivar, it is given a code name that may
be different from the name under which
the plant is sold. For example, the rose
Casino also has the code name 'Macca'; in
this book, both names are cited, and styled
like this: Rosa casino ('Macca').

Hybrids

Sexual crosses between botanically distinct
species or genera are known as hybrids
and are indicated by a multiplication sign.

If the cross is between species in different
genera, the result is called an "intergeneric
hybrid," and when two or more genera are
crossed, the name given is a condensed form
of the relevant genera; x Cuprocyparis, for
example, covers hybrids between species
of Chamaecyparis and Cupressus.

If more than three genera are involved,
then the hybrids are named after a person
and given the ending "-ara." Thus x Potinara,
a hybrid of Brassavola, Cattleya, Laelia, and
Sophronitis, commemorates M. Potin of
the French orchid society. More common
are "interspecific hybrids," which are
crosses between species in the same genus.
These have a collective name preceded by
a multiplication sign: Epimedium x rubrum
covers hybrids between E. alpinum and
E. grandiflorum.

When a plant is grafted onto another, a
new plant occasionally arises that contains
tissues of both parents. These are named
in the same way as sexual hybrids, but are
denoted by a plus sign: + Laburnocytisus
adamii, for example, is a graft hybrid
between Laburnum and Chamaecytisus.

Cultivars of hybrids are listed under
a botanical name, or if the parentage
is complex, by giving the generic name
followed solely by the cultivar name
(e.g., Rosa 'Buff Beauty').

Visual Key to Plant Classification

In horticulture, plants are classified according to a hierarchical system
and named primarily on the basis of Linnaeus's binomial approach
(genus followed by species epithet). As an example, part of the family
Rosaceae family is set out below, showing all levels of this system.

FAMILY

A group of several genera that
share a set of underlying natural
characteristics. Family names
usually end in -oceoe. Family
limits are often controversial.

GENUS (PL. GENERA)

A group of one or more plants
that share a range of distinctive
characteristics. Several (rarely one)
genera are classified into one family.
Each genus contains one or more
species and its name is printed in
italic type with an initial capital letter.

SPECIES

A group of plants that breeds
naturally to produce offspring with
similar characteristics; these keep
it distinct from other populations
in nature. Each species has a two-
part name printed in italic type.

SUBSPECIES

A naturally occurring, distinct
variant of a species, differing in one
or more characteristic. Indicated by
"subsp.” in Roman type and an
epithet in italic type.

VARIETAS AND FORMA

A varietas (var.) is a minor species
subdivision, differing slightly in
botanical structure. A forma (f.) is
a minor variant of a species, often
differing in flower color or habit
from others in the species.

Rosaceae

Rosa

Prunus

Rosa rugosa Prunus lusitanica

Prunus lusitanica
subsp. azorica

Prunus incisa f.
yamadae

Rosa gallica var.
officinalis

CULTIVAR

Selected or artificially raised,
distinct variant of a species,
subspecies, varietas, forma, or
hybrid. Indicated by a vernacular
name printed in Roman type
within single quotation marks.

Rosa gallica var.
officinalis 'Versicolor'

Prunus 'Pandora'

11

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT NAMES
AND ORIGINS

CREATING
A GARDEN

A beautiful garden is everyone's dream, and this chapter

provides all the information you need to create stunning beds

and borders. There is helpful advice on choosing color schemes,

including dazzling hot beds, relaxing pastel designs, and elegant

white displays, as well as ideas for using plant forms and

textures to create arresting images throughout the year. There

are also tips to help you select a garden style, whether you prefer

the informality of a cottage garden or the ordered symmetry of

a formal design. Practical advice on a range of gardening

techniques, including preparing the soil, planting methods,

and pruning basics, completes the picture

CREATING A GARDEN

14

INSPIRATIONAL STYLES

There are many different garden styles, and whether
you yearn for neat, symmetrical formality, informal
cottage-garden abundance, Japanese minimalism,
or contemporary urban chic, it is important to select

a look that suits both your home and lifestyle if you
are to get the best from your outdoor space. Also
think about how much time you have to maintain
your design, as this will affect your range of choices.

Formal gardens

A successful formal garden has a balanced
design, achieved through symmetry and a
clear ground plan. Essential characteristics
are straight lines; order and geometry; and
clearly delineated garden areas. Organized
around a central axis or pathway, formal
gardens often focus on a key view through
the garden from the house. The geometry
is clear, but generous scale and balanced
proportions are key considerations.

Geometric shapes feature strongly, but
any regular symmetrical shape can be used
as long as it sits on at least one axis. Lawns
and clipped hedges are important features,
the latter defining spaces or views, while
dwarf boxwood hedges can be used to edge
borders, create decorative parterres, or

form knot gardens. If space allows, avenues
of trees may line paths to accentuate vistas
and draw the eye to a distant focal point.

Balustrades, steps, terraces, and wide
gravel pathways are all key features, with
the range of hard-landscaping materials,
such as gravel and regular paving stones,
kept to a minimum. Decorative elements,
such as cobble mosaics or brick designs,
are also popular in formal gardens. Other
features include classical ornaments, such
as Versailles cases, urns and statuary,
and topiary, which is often used as a focal
point. Water is an important element, and
pools with reflective surfaces or jets and
fountains appear in many formal designs.

Although the rules of formality are
simple and clear, it is still a remarkably

ABOVE Formal by design

The use of symmetry, clear simple geometric shapes,
and clipped topiary and hedges are typical of the
formal style. The reflective pool and rills bounce
light into this primarily green planting scheme.

flexible style. The overall layout can be
completely symmetrical, or you can choose
to adopt just a few formal elements in a
more contemporary design. For example,
one axis can be more dominant than
another, or a series of balanced, rectangular
beds can be veiled with soft, romantic
planting. Another modern interpretation
of the formal style is a paved courtyard
garden with architectural planting, large-
scale containers, and a small water feature.

Many formal designs also reguire very
little maintenance, apart from annual hedge
clipping and shrub pruning.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Informal gardens

Country gardens, cottage gardens, wildlife
gardens, and prairie-style plantings are all
informal designs. Unlike formal schemes,
they allow a greater degree of flexibility
in the design and planting plans.

Cottage gardens

Cottage gardens are traditionally simple
in layout, often with a central path leading
to the main door and planting beds filled
with flowers, herbs, and vegetables on
either side. If the garden is large enough,
it may also include more naturalistic areas,
such as orchards, meadows, and informal
wildlife ponds.

The edges of flower beds are softened
by a rich profusion of planting, with the
flowers encouraged to flop over the path
and self-seed at random. Typical cottage
garden plants include hellebores, lungworts
(. Pulmonaria ), grape hyacinths ( Muscari ),
aquilegias, and species daffodils and tulips
in spring, with hardy geraniums, lilies,
lupines, poppies, campanulas, delphiniums,
hollyhocks (Alcea rosea), and peonies in
summer. Plants are often chosen for their
range of flower forms, textures, and colors.
Edible crops, such as herbs, vegetables,
and fruit trees and bushes, are mixed
with the ornamental plants, adding to the
atmosphere of abundance and informality.

Natural stone, brick, cobbles, and slate
are the best materials for hard landscaping,
while simple post-and-rail or picket fences
are ideal for boundaries and divisions.

Country gardens

Country gardens also have a relaxed
style, with sweeping expanses of lawn
and curved, flower-filled mixed beds
and borders. Hedges are often used to
divide the garden into a series of enclosed
spaces with different planting designs
and atmospheres in each.

Prairie and wildlife gardens

Prairie planting, championed by many
contemporary designers, echoes the tightly
woven density of cottage-garden planting
by combining broad sweeps of ornamental
grasses and sturdy perennials. Grasses
such as stipas and calamagrostis are
threaded through perennials, such as
rudbeckias, echinaceas, heleniums, and
asters. Prairie schemes suit large open
sites in full sun where the bold swaths
of planting produce the best effects.

Wildlife gardens are designed to provide
habitats for birds, insects, and mammals.
Domestic gardens can also be wildlife
gardens, with naturalistic planting schemes
comprising nectar-rich flowers, and trees

for nesting and shelter. An informal pond
is usually a feature, to provide homes for
amphibians, reptiles, and insects.

Gardeners with more space may opt for a
wildflower meadow. These require a sunny
site and infertile soil for the rich profusion
of native wild flowers and grasses to thrive.

RIGHT Prairie-style plantings

Prairie-style gardens combine the soft, feathery effects
of grasses with the muted hues of perennials. Planted
in informal drifts, this late summer scheme includes
eupatorium, echinacea, and sedum.

BELOW Cottage-garden informality and abundance

The profuse pink flowers of a climbing rose clambering
over an arbor echo the equally abundant planting of
cottage-garden perennials in the beds below.

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(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CREATING A GARDEN

Mediterranean gardens

There are two types of gardens associated
with the Mediterranean region: formal and
informal. The formal gardens feature water
and stone, as well as clipped hedges and
specimen trees such as pencil cypresses.
Decorative parterres are also common,
with the plants selected for foliage rather
than flower color. In some gardens in
Spain, such as El Alhambra in Granada,
there is a strong Moorish influence, with
formal courtyards and water features.

However, the most attainable garden
style has an informal structure and relaxed,
Mediterranean atmosphere. Gravel is the
main hard landscaping material, and it is
used between areas of planting and to
create pathways. Plants native to this region
of Europe often have silvery, sage, gray-
green, or blue-tinted foliage, which reflects
the strong summer sun. Olive trees, citrus
fruits, figs, vines, santolinas, and artemisias,
as well as herbs like thyme, sage, lavender,
and rosemary, are popular planting choices.

Another informal approach, often seen
in urban areas, is to create a courtyard with
walls that have been painted white, warm
terra-cotta, or bold blues or pinks. Mosaic-
tiled walls, cobbled floors, and terra-cotta
pots planted with bright pelargoniums or
white Convolvulus cneorum complete the
Mediterranean theme. If you live in a cooler
climate, a sun-drenched courtyard will also
provide some shelter for tender plants.

Hot, south-facing gardens call for a shady
arbor or pergola festooned with flowering
climbers, such as bougainvilleas or
jasmine, to create a comfortable area for
alfresco dining or relaxation.

ABOVE Cool Mediterranean courtyard

A Mediterranean courtyard, with gleaming white walls
and floor that help reflect the heat of the sun, is perfect
for growing sun-loving agapanthus.

ABOVE Mediterranean planting

Drought-tolerant plants, including spiky
phormiums, rock roses, and artemisias, thrive
in the gravel of a Mediterranean-style garden
on a hot, sunny hillside.

Japanese gardens

The Japanese garden style is designed
to reflect the natural landscape using a
limited planting palette to produce quiet,
contemplative spaces. The key to creating
a successful Japanese garden is to consider
how the main elements, such as boulders,
gravel, and plants, relate to one another, and
how they are connected both symbolically
and spiritually to the natural world.

In many instances, traditional Japanese
spiritual beliefs are fundamental to the
designs. The ancient religion of Shinto,
and the Buddhist teachings that were
introduced later, both celebrate nature, and
all natural elements are regarded as sacred
and worthy of respect. In Zen gardens, key
elements are used to create representations
of natural landscapes. For example, raked
gravel is used to echo flowing water, with
stones symbolizing islands, boats, or
animals. The gravel is raked daily, a ritual
viewed by Buddhists as an important aid
to contemplation, and the gardens often
include little or no planting, relying on
moss and lichens rather than on large,
dramatic plants.

The cultivation of beauty as a spiritual
activity is also reflected in Japanese tea
gardens in which a roji (dewy path) is lit
by stone lanterns and leads the visitor on
a journey past water basins, stone buddhas

Desert gardens

Dramatic, chic, and starkly beautiful, desert
gardens have become very fashionable in
hot, frost-free locations with low rainfall.
Pale-colored walls, gravel, rocks, boulders,
and driftwood are features, together with
tough, drought-tolerant plants like cacti
and succulents, such as agaves, aloes, and
yuccas, which do not need extra irrigation
in these hostile environments. In the right
place, a desert garden is very eco-friendly,
as it focuses on native plants that thrive
with little water.

ABOVE Japanese contemplative space

Natural materials, such as carefully positioned rocks
and gravel, plants like acers and pines, and ornamental
lanterns, are typical features of a Japanese garden.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

and other spiritual symbols to the
ceremonial tea house. These gardens are
more heavily planted, and include maples
(Acer), pines, azaleas, and camellias,
which are subjected to a strict pruning
regimen to restrict their size and create
miniature forms of larger trees or shrubs.
The planting does not focus solely on
evergreens and there are splashes of
color in the form of cherry blossom and
camellias in the spring, elegant summer
irises, and the fiery fall foliage of the maples
contributing to the seasonal display.

Contemporary gardens

With many of us living increasingly urban
lives, contemporary gardens have had to
fulfill a number of different functions,
providing a space for planting, relaxation,
play, and entertaining. Modern urban
gardens can differ in emphasis, and be
treated either as purely functional spaces
in which hard surfaces prevail along with
furniture, lighting effects, and water
features to create the ultimate outdoor
room, or as green oases in which the
planting dominates.

The layout of an urban garden is
generally based on simple lines, often
with an asymmetrical floor plan, and uses
a combination of natural and man-made
materials, such as concrete, glass, plastic,
acrylic, and steel, to provide textural
interest. Furniture often takes the form
of integral benches, stylishly coordinated
tables and chairs, and recliners, while
sculpture provides a focal point, and can
be combined with water. Jets or cascades
are popular, but tanks of reflective water
are becoming increasingly popular.

Contemporary planting designs

As space can be limited in today's urban
gardens, the planting often focuses on a
more limited choice of species, and those
that provide architectural interest. Grasses,
bamboos, and large-leaved foliage plants,
such as the hardy banana [Musa basjoo ),
phormiums, and cordylines are popular
in contemporary schemes.

Modernist designs employ large block
plantings of boxwood ( Buxus ), or small
festucas and ophiopogons. These may be
used in conjunction with pleached trees
planted along the boundaries to provide
privacy in overlooked gardens. Dramatic
containers made from day, stone, or steel
can be used as focal points or lined up
in a row to add drama and rhythm to
the design. Popular plants for containers
include clipped topiary boxwood, bay
or Japanese holly [Ilex crenata ), bamboo,
succulents like agaves, or bold grasses.

Tropical gardens

Although this style of garden is best suited
to tropical and warm-temperate regions,
where the native plants are naturally lush,
a similar effect can be created in cooler
climates with the careful selection of plants.

The design is informal, with man-made
structures made from rough-hewn timber
and unworked stone, reflecting the
traditional crafts of people living in tropical
environments. Water plays a large part in
designs, mimicking the landscapes that
inspired the style, with waterfalls, streams,
and, occasionally, swimming pools adding
to the lush picture.

A tropical garden is a celebration of
foliage shapes, textures, and colors.

Taller species such as eucalyptus, palms,
bamboos, and cordylines provide height,
with the space below filled with lower-
growing shrubs, grasses, and flowering
perennials, such as birds-of-paradise
(, Strelitzia ) and streptocarpus.

This exciting look can be created in
temperate areas with exotic architectural
plants including tree ferns, bamboos,
fatsias, ferns, phormiums, and hardy
bananas [Musa basjoo ). For shots of bright
detail, use vibrant canna lilies, white arum
lilies ( Zantedeschia ), dahlias, crocosmias,
agapanthus, and lobelias.

ABOVE Contemporary urban chic

This urban, split-level garden with its integral benches
shows how contemporary outdoor areas can function
on many different levels—both as outdoor rooms and
as areas for lawns and beautiful plants.

BELOW Tropical abundance

The striking leaves of elephant ears ( Alocasia ) provide
a dramatic focal point in an exotic, junglelike garden.
Bright sparks of color are provided by the vibrant red
cannas that stand out amid the lush green foliage.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INSPIRATIONAL STYLES

CREATING A GARDEN

ASSESSING YOUR SITE AND SOIL

It is important to discover as much as possible about
the conditions in your garden before you start planning
and planting. Take note of the local environment and
climate, as well as the topography and soil conditions.

as your plant choices will be determined by these
factors. Check the exposure, which influences
the sun and shade in a garden, and the soil type,
to discover its moisture and nutrient content.

Understanding exposure

Determining how much sun and shade
your garden receives is of paramount
importance when making plant selections.
Some plants prefer full sun, for example,
while others need partial or full shade to
thrive. You can use a compass to work out
which way areas or borders face. Those
facing south will be in sun for most of the
day, while those that face north will be
shady. East-facing areas have morning
sun and evening shade, while the opposite
applies to those facing west.

Patterns of sun and shade also change
throughout the day, and a garden that is in
full sun at midday may have areas of shade
in the morning and late afternoon. For this
reason, it is wise to study your garden on
a sunny day and make a note of the way
shadows move around the yard. Remember,
too, that the seasons can affect the level of
sunlight in a garden; for example, an area
that is in sun in the summer could be in
constant shade during the winter, which
may have an effect on evergreens that
need a sunny site to thrive.

However much sun your garden receives,
there are plenty of plants to choose from
that will thrive in those conditions. As well
as plants for sun or shade, there are many
that are happy with a bit of both.

Assessing microclimates

Variations in the conditions in different
parts of a yard are described as "micro¬
climates," and may include frost pockets at
the bottom of a slope, sheltered hot spots
by a warm wall, areas of wind turbulence,
and exposed sites. Rather than limit your
plant choice, microclimates actually allow
you to grow a wider range of plants, so
note the temperature, water levels, and
air and wind circulation around your yard.

ABOVE Plants that thrive in sun

Alliums, with their dramatic globes of rich pinkish-purple
flowers, thrive in open, sunny sites, and make great
partners for other sun-lovers, like catmints and salvias.

Types of soil

Knowing your soil type is key to growing
healthy plants. It is always preferable to
select those that thrive in the soil you
have, rather than fighting it by trying to
grow plants that are not adapted to your
conditions, as they will inevitably suffer.

There are three main types of soil:
sand, clay, and silt. They are categorized
according to the size of the soil particles,
which determines the amount of water
and plant food they can hold. Most garden
soils are a combination of sand and clay,
with one type dominating the mix; the ideal
soil is "loam," which contains almost equal
measures of sand and clay.

Sandy soil Sandy soil particles are
relatively large and water drains freely
through the spaces between them. As
a result, the soil is free-draining, but
because plant nutrients are dissolved in
water, it is also quite infertile. Sandy soil
is ideal for Mediterranean plants.

Clay soils Clay particles are minute, and
trap moisture in the gaps between them.

LEFT Crowing shade-lovers

Shade-loving plants, such as the hart's-tongue fern
(Asplenium scolopendrium), flourish under the light
shade provided by silver birch trees (Betula pendula).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

The particles are also porous, so these soils
are very moisture-retentive and rich in
nutrients. However, clay soils can become
waterlogged in wet conditions and form
impenetrable crusts when dry. They are
ideal for "hungry" plants like fruit trees.

Silt soils Pure silt soils are rare, usually
occurring on river plains. They have a
high nutrient content, but can become
compacted and waterlogged like clay.

Loam With almost equal proportions of
sand and clay, loam offers the best of all
worlds, retaining enough water for plant
roots to absorb, but allowing excess moisture
to drain away and preventing waterlogging.

It also holds on to nutrients well, making it
the perfect garden soil for most plants.

Improving your soil

Whether you have a dry, sandy soil or a
sticky clay one, your plants will grow better
if you improve its quality by applying
plenty of organic matter, such as well-rotted
farmyard manure, garden compost, or
spent mushroom compost. Organic matter
coats sandy soil particles, helping them to
retain more water, while it also opens up
the structure of clay soils, allowing water
to drain more easily.

Either dig it into the soil when preparing
for planting or lay a thick layer as a mulch.

ABOVE Plants that thrive in dry, sandy soil

Dry, sandy soil and a sunny site provide the perfect
conditions for many euphorbias, California poppies,
bulbs like eremurus, and succulents such as agaves.

Worms and microorganisms will then
work it into the soil.

The structure and drainage of heavy clay
soils can also be improved by the addition
of horticultural grit. Simply dig the grit
into the soil over a large area. In extreme
circumstances, very heavy, waterlogged
soils may require drains.

Understanding pH

The pH of a soil is a measure of its acidity
or alkalinity, which also influences the
types of plants you can grow successfully.

It is measured on a scale from 1 to 14;
neutral soil has a pH of 7, a number
below this indicates acidic soil, and
alkaline soils have a pH above 7. A precise
measurement can be obtained by
performing a simple soil test (see right).
Although many plants are tolerant of a wide
pH range, there are some that are adapted
to particular soil type. Rhododendrons,
azaleas, and heathers (Erica), for example,
require acidic soil, while lilacs (Syringa
vulgaris) and the pineapple broom (Cytisus
battandieri) grow best in alkaline soil.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

An easy way to find out what type of soil you
have is to dig up a small sample and roll it
between your fingers to feel the texture. Soil
with a high water content can be rolled into a
ball. You can also use a simple kit to test the pH.

Sandy and silty soil

Soil rich in sand feels gritty between your fingers;
silty soil feels silky. Both fall apart when rolled into
a ball. Sandy soil is easy to dig, and warms up
quickly in spring. You may also find that borderline
hardy plants survive winters better in these dry soils.

Clay soil

Smooth, sticky, and dense, clay soil retains its shape
when molded into a ball, and soil with a very high
clay content remains intact even when rolled into
a horseshoe. Clay soil is often described as "heavy"
soil because it is difficult to dig.

Using a pH test kit

You can buy pH test kits from garden centers. Place
a small soil sample in the tube and add the solution
provided with the kit. Wait until the solution changes
color, and then match it to the chart. Take a few
readings from different areas of the garden, as they
may have different pH values.

TESTING YOUR SOIL

ASSESSING YOUR
SITE AND SOIL

CREATING A GARDEN

20

DESIGNING WITH PLANTS

There is a plant for every situation, be it a tree, shrub,
perennial, annual, or bulb. When designing with
plants, you can include examples from all the plant
groups to ensure year-round interest, or focus on just

one or two groups for a contemporary look. The key
to success is to vary shapes, textures, and colors, and
consider how each plant will work with others in your
border and in the garden as a whole.

Defining plant groups

Different plant groups fulfill different
functions in a design, and understanding
how each can be used to best effect will
help you to create a balanced, coordinated
display. Trees, large shrubs, and some
climbers provide the framework for a
planting scheme, offering permanent
structure, height, and depth, as well as
color and texture. Midrange plants include
smaller shrubs, herbaceous perennials,
some bulbs, and grasses. They help to
define the style of your garden, and provide
seasonal interest with their flowers and
foliage. Focal plants offer eye-catching
accents, drawing the eye to a border or
vista, while groundcover plants create
a low mat of leaves and blooms at a lower
level. Annuals and biennials will put
on a show from spring to early fall in
containers, and fill the gaps between more
permanent planting groups in borders.

Structural plants

Permanent structural plants, such as
trees, shrubs, and hedges, make a vital
contribution to the shape and form of the
garden, and identifying these key plants,
and deciding where to position them, is the
first step in producing a coherent design.

Evergreens provide year-round interest,
while deciduous trees and shrubs inject

dramatic displays of flowers in spring and
colorful foliage in fall. Hedges not only
define boundaries, but also offer shelter
and create privacy. Evergreen hedges make
colorful year-round screens and backdrops
for other planting groups, while deciduous
hedges allow in more light and offer
seasonal color. Either type can be formal or
informal in style, with leaf size, color, and
flowers to consider. Leafy shrubs work in
much the same way as hedges, providing

ABOVE Creating structural features with plants

The combination of deciduous hedging and linden trees,
with angular yew buttresses and sculptural boxwood
balls, creates a dramatic contrast of textures and forms.

a green foliage backdrop for smaller
midrange plants and groundcover.

You can also use structural plants to
frame or block out views, and to lead the
eye around the garden. In addition, trees
and shrubs can help to create a visual link
between the garden and the landscape
beyond, extending the display. Repeated
plants will also help to make connections
between different areas of the garden and
different planting areas.

Structural plants come in many different
forms and shapes; for example, they may
be rounded and neat, such as choisyas
and photinias; spiky and textural, like
mahonias, hollies, and yuccas; or looser in
form, such as laburnums, weeping pears, or
garryas. Many plants can be manipulated
to create artificial structural effects, such as
climbers clambering over arches, arbors,
and pergolas, or along walls. Others can
be clipped into topiary shapes; boxwood,
yew, and holly are all good candidates for
topiary balls, pyramids, and spirals.

LEFT Creating focal plants

In this beautiful country garden, naturalized tulips in
vibrant shades create a carpet of spring color. The focal
plant of this design is the light-reflecting white blossoms
and architectural shape of a Malus floribunda.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Focal plants

These are key specimen plants that can be
used to catch the eye in a bed or border,
in the center of a lawn, or at the end of a
pathway. Most focal plants are evergreen
or have a distinctive shape or foliage form,
but they can also include seasonal plants
that perform for short periods of the year,
providing an accent when it is needed most.

Use focal plants to direct the eye to key
areas of interest, or as signposts to guide
the visitor around the garden. Phormiums,
acers, yuccas, cardoons, and white¬
stemmed birches will lead the eye to a
particular area or distract attention away
from unsightly features, like garbage cans.

Midrange plants

This group of plants are of medium height,
and include the vast array of herbaceous
perennials, bulbs like tulips, daffodils and
alliums, deciduous grasses, and, to a lesser
extent, small shrubs, including compact
hebes and shrubby potentillas.

Some of the most effective midrange
plants rely on their leaf shape and texture
for interest more than their blooms,
although seasonal flower color is an
important feature of many and makes an
exciting statement when plants are used
en masse in a border. When grouped
together, those with strong foliage forms,
such as acanthus, hostas, ligularias, and
rodgersias, also create bold plantings, or
they can be used to separate plants with
looser flowers or foliage forms.

Midrange plants contribute to the
structure of the garden, but because many
are perennial, dying down in late fall and

appearing again in spring, they are not
able to perform the same role as the more
permanent woody plants.

Groundcover plants

Not only are groundcover plants highly
ornamental, providing a tapestry of color,
texture, and form, they also create a blanket
over the soil, helping to suppress weeds.
Groundcover plants are not restricted to
low-growing types, however, and include a
range of shapes and sizes, the only proviso
being that they form a dense canopy.

A dry, sunny site makes an ideal home
for drought-tolerant flowering plants, such
as dwarf genistas, helianthemums, and
sedums. Leafy groundcover plants include
thyme and other mat-forming herbs, Hebe
pinguifolia, Santolina chamaecyparissus,
and catmint ( Nepeta ). A cool, shady site
is perfect for groundcover plants such as
Cornus canadensis, Geranium macrorrhizum,
and epimediums under trees, and
bergenias, hellebores, and ferns by a
wall where the soil is reasonably moist.

Seasonal interest

By combining different plant groups
and selecting those with a succession of
seasonal highlights, you can easily create
a garden with year-round appeal.

In spring, focus on flowering trees, such
as cherries, crab apples, magnolias, and
plums, as well as bulbs like hyacinths,
muscari, crocus, daffodils, and tulips
that provide color. Summer brings an
explosion of flowering perennials, annuals,
and bulbs, offering a range of colors,
heights, and flower shapes. The fall stars

are the trees and shrubs, with acers,
cotoneasters, and cotinus all injecting
foliage color. Team them with late-flowering
perennials such as asters. The winter
garden also provides seasonal interest,
with witch hazels ( Hamamelis ), and
sarcococcas offering fragrant flowers, and
color provided by the stems of dogwoods
(Cornus) and willow ( Salix ), and berries
of hawthorns, hollies, and viburnums.

ABOVE Using midrange plants

Midrange plants like hostas are ideal feature plants
for a mixed shady border. Repeating plants down the
length of the border brings cohesion to the design.

BELOW Creating winter interest

The golden yellow flowers of Mahonia x media 'Lionel
Fortescue' make a striking contrast with the flame red
stems of Cornus alba 'Sibirica' in a winter border.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DESIGNING WITH PLANTS

CREATING A GARDEN

USING COLOR

Color choice is largely about personal preferences,
but there are some useful theories on how to match
and blend colors that will help you create pleasing
combinations. Remember, too, that light and shade

affect colors and that some visually leap forward,
stealing the limelight, while others are more
recessive. Color can also affect mood and tone, so
choose carefully to create the desired atmosphere

Combining colors

Before selecting colors for your beds and
borders, it is a good idea to familiarize
yourself with some of the principles of color
theory, which will help you combine them
more successfully.

Many designers use the color wheel to
make their choices. The wheel is divided
into primary, secondary, and tertiary
colors. The primary colors are red, blue
and yellow, and when mixed they create
the secondary colors, green, orange, and
purple. In this way, the primaries blue
and red produce secondary purple; red
and yellow produce secondary orange; and
yellow and blue produce secondary green.
Tertiary colors are produced by mixing
adjacent primary and secondary colors.

The color wheel can help you create
harmonious and contrasting schemes.

For example, colors directly opposite one
another on the wheel, such as yellow and
purple or red and green, are considered to
be "complementary." When placed next
to each other, these contrasting colors
create a sense of vibrancy and excitement.

Colors that sit next to each other on
the wheel are known as "harmonious" or
"analogous" colors and create a sense of
order. Examples of harmonious colors are
blue, purple, and pink, and green, yellow.

and pale orange. Harmonious colors
can create different moods, depending
on whether you choose hot reds and
oranges or cool blues and greens.

Triadic color schemes are created by
selecting three colors that are spaced
equally apart on the wheel. Green, orange,
and purple is one example. The contrasting
hues can create eye-catching combinations.

PRIMARY

•SECONDARY

ABOVE The color wheel

Frequently employed by garden designers, the color

wheel is a simple visual device that shows how to
combine colors successfully, whether you want a
vibrant scheme or a muted, harmonious grouping.

ABOVE Triadic colors

Green, orange, and purple are triadic colors. Using
them together creates a sense of exuberance, as
shown by the fall shades of this group of shrubs.

ABOVE Harmonious combination

This border combines adjoining colors: the pale pink
Dictamnus purpureus, purple-pink Allium 'Purple
Sensation’, and a burgundy-red Berberis at the back.

22

ABOVE Tints and shades

This scheme of pale mauve campanulas, darker purple
phlox, and deep pink geraniums uses tints of mauve
together with pink to create a balanced scheme.

LEFT Complementary colors

The contrasting blue-purple veronicas and bright yellow
inulas show how hues on opposite sides of the wheel
produce an exciting contrast that draws the eye.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Tints and shades

As well as selecting colors from the color
wheel, also consider the effects of tints,
shades, and tones. As a rule, pure hues or
saturated colors are more intense, while
colors that have been mixed together are
less vibrant. More subtle colors can be
created by lightening colors using white
to create a tint, or darkening them by
adding black to create a shade. When
gray is added to a hue, it creates a tone.

Tints and shades can be used as
transitional colors between stronger hues
and help to blend one color into another.
However, too many muted shades can
look a bit lifeless, so be sure to inject some
stronger colors into your planting schemes
to create highlights.

Creating moods and
focal points with color

Color can convey a mood or message, and
has a powerful effect on the atmosphere
in a garden. For instance, vivid, hot colors,
such as crimson, scarlet, magenta, golden
yellow, and orange, generate a feeling of
excitement, while cool colors like pale blue,
pale pink, mauve, muted grays, and blue-
greens create a tranquil feeling. Use these
colors to produce different moods in your
garden, perhaps creating a sizzling scheme
of hot hues by the house and cooler tones

ABOVE Hot fiery border

Hot-hued plants in shades of red, orange, and yellow
are guaranteed to brighten up a garden. This fiery
border is perfect for a sunny spot.

BELOW Cool pastel shades

The purple flowers of Salvia x sylvestris 'Mainacht' and
the deeper purple leaves of Persicaria microcephala
'Red Dragon' contrast with green grasses and green-
flowered Angelica archangelica. The silvery leaves of
Heuchera 'Beauty Color' are also veined with purple,
thus continuing the silver-purple theme.

TEXTURE AND PATTERN

Mixing contrasting plant textures creates
a lively effect in a border. Combine glossy
and matt, or furry and rough foliage to
make an impact. Look, too, at leaf patterns
and match a variety of shapes and sizes
to add to the interest.

Shiny and glossy

Many hollies (Ilex) have glossy leaves that
reflect light. Their spiny leaves also add impact
to a border, or they can be used as focal plants.

Soft and furry

Plants like lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina)
and sages have a compelling tactile quality.
Plant them at the front of a border where
they are easy to reach and enjoy.

Rough and crinkled

The coarse-textured leaves of this decorative
vine (Vitis colgnetlae), are held on twisted,
gnarled stems that wrap around its support.

Lacelike tracery

The soft, feathery foliage of an artemisia
provides a foil for larger-leaved plants that like
the same sunny conditions, such as sedums.

23

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

USING COLOR

CREATING A GARDEN

24

YEAR-ROUND INTEREST

When choosing plants for your garden, try
to include a selection of feature trees and
shrubs that have more than one season
of interest. There is a wide range of trees
and shrubs, both deciduous and evergreen,
that perform for most of the year.

Cornus alba

A deciduous shrub with white flowers in late
spring, as well as striking red shoots in winter.
The leaves turn red or orange in fall.

Mahonia x media 'Charity'

Mahonias have shiny evergreen foliage, plus
yellow flowers and purple or black fruits.
'Charity' has scented yellow flowers in winter.

Nandina domestica

The leaves of this evergreen shrub have red
tints in spring and fall. Small white summer
flowers are followed by bright red berries.

Prunus x subhirtella
'Autumnalis Rosea'

This cherry tree has tiny, pale pink flowers that
appear in winter. The green leaves are bronze
when young, turning golden-yellow in fall.

in a shady woodland area at the far end
of the garden. Another option is to use the
same bed or border to change in mood
as the seasons progress, with bright
daffodils and tulips in spring, followed
by herbaceous summer plantings in blues,
purples, pale pinks, and whites, and then
fiery foliage color in the fall.

Single-color-themed borders, be they
white and cream or varying shades of
yellow, look highly sophisticated and
produce a satisfying cohesion. The
restricted plant choices can also make
designing a little easier.

You can also use color to draw attention
to a particular feature or planting area. To
produce this effect, make sure your plants
contrast with the surroundings to increase
their visibility. For example, a single, bright
orange plant against a recessive background
color, such as green or blue, will create
an effective accent. Planting schemes that
combine swaths of warm and cool colors
also work well, with the cooler colors
providing a foil for the hot hues.

You can also exploit the way in which
colors can alter perceptions of distance.

For instance, bright reds and oranges
planted at the end of a garden have a
foreshortening effect, making the garden
appear shorter, while pale colors can
make the garden seem longer.

The effects of light
and shade

The way that we perceive color is
influenced by the amount of light it
receives. Sunny borders will make colors
appear bolder and brighter, while shady
areas enhance more subtle colors and
white. The colors of plants can therefore
change depending on their location, the
degree of shade cast on them, and the
time of day. For example, pale colors that
produce beautiful effects in the early
morning or evening may be bleached out
by strong midday sunlight. Bear this in
mind if you tend to use your garden at
a particular time of day. If you work and
sit outside mainly in the evenings, choose
white and pale flowers that take on a
luminous quality in the fading light.

Choose colors that produce the best
effects for different areas of the garden. Plant
reds, oranges, bright pinks, and yellows in
sunny spaces, as they will look muddy in the
shade. Nature often makes this choice for
you, as many hot-hued flowers need a sunny
spot to thrive. Woodland plants, on the other
hand, tend to produce flowers in whites,
pastel shades of yellow, pink and purple, and
blues, all of which show up better in shade.

Creating a succession
of year-round color

When selecting plants, try to include a
range that flower or are at their peak at
different times of the year to sustain the
interest. This is particularly important
in small gardens, where the planting is
on view year-round.

Consider the merits of each plant,
including size, habit, leaf shape, texture and
color, flowers, and fruit. For a prolonged
display, focus on foliage, either evergreen
for constant color, or deciduous, which in
most cases endures from spring to fall.

This leafy mix provides a backdrop for the
succession of flowers that appear. When
choosing flowering plants, remember that
many have beautiful seedheads, including
love-in-a-mist ( Nigella ), poppies, eryngiums,
and sedums, that provide two seasons
of interest. Also use containers to add
an extra dimension to borders and deck
displays; one large planter can be used
for four different seasonal displays.

Spring

When spring makes a welcome
appearance, the garden is soon awash
with color. Some is provided by spring-
flowering trees and shrubs, such as
amelanchiers, ornamental cherries, apples,
plums, and almonds (Prunus), magnolias,
some viburnums, camellias, and
forsythias, as well as a host of tough rock
plants, including aubretias, saxifrages, and

Spring match

Create a balanced display in your borders with a
mixture of tulips, such as 'Bleu Aimable', scented
biennial wallflowers (Erysimum), and dainty violas
providing color in the foreground.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

violas. Add to these a selection of bulbs and
corms, starting with snowdrops ( Galanthus)
in late winter or early spring, and followed
by crocuses, grape hyacinths ( Muscari ),
daffodils (.Narcissus), and tulips (Tulipa).

As the majority of these bold displays of
bulbs die down, they are followed by spring¬
flowering azaleas and rhododendrons,
which provide a wealth of colors,
including magenta, pink, crimson, scarlet,
golden yellow, and white. As the new
leaves unfurl in late spring, blue ceanothus
and the scented flowers of viburnums and
lilacs enhance the spring garden further.

Summer

As temperatures rise and light levels
increase, the garden is filled with a
profusion of perennials, annuals, and
biennials. Not many trees put on their best
performance in summer, but shrubs are
a key source of color. Roses start to bloom
early in the season, many continuing
well into fall. Other beautiful summer-
flowering shrubs include sweetly scented
mock oranges ( Philadelphus ), lavender,
hibiscus, and the flowering dogwoods
(Cornus). Even those that flowered in
spring still play their part by providing
a leafy backdrop to the flowers that offer
the main show at this time of year.

Many climbers are also in full swing
in summer. There are a vast number of
clematis species and hybrids to choose
from, providing color in the garden from

Summer profusion

Perennials often lead the border chorus at this time
of year. Crocosmias and veronicastrums provide color
and form, with the pinky-purple domes of stately
eupatoriums offering background color.

Frosted features

Winter is a quiet time in the garden, but there is
still beauty to be found in the form of stark borders
filled with frost-encrusted grasses and the enduring
seedheads of perennials such as sedums.

early summer to late in the season, while
jasmine, honeysuckle, and the frothy flat
heads of climbing hydrangea ( Hydrangea
petiolaris) are other strong performers.

Perennials are the real stars of the
summer border. There are thousands
to choose from, including early summer¬
flowering aquilegias, and many geraniums
and lupines, followed by campanulas,
salvias, achilleas, and hemerocallis, with
heleniums, rudbeckias, and echinaceas
appearing later in the season. Biennials,
such as foxgloves, make great partners
for shade-loving perennials, while
hardy and half hardy annuals produce
an explosion of color in borders and
container displays.

Hardy annuals, such as California
poppies ( Eschscholzia californica), annual
mallows ( Malope ), and the shoo-fly plant
(Nicandra) flower for months on end,
offering great value for the money, and self-
seeding to produce a repeat performance
the following summer. Together with half-
hardy annuals, like cosmos, impatiens,
lobelia, and petunias, they provide color
throughout the season, often only ceasing
to flower when the frosts arrive in fall.

Fall

As summer fades, the foliage of many
trees and shrubs flares into the fiery colors
of fall. Some of the best choices for this
seasonal display are maples, some cherries,
amelanchiers, liquidambars, cotoneasters.

Fall brights

Most perennials are dying down at this time of year,
but a few leave their best performance for last. Sedums
and asters are key features of the fall border, here
offset by buff grasses and red-leaved Euonymus alata.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

sorbus, nyssa, and most forms of smoke
tree { Cotinus ).

Late-flowering perennials, such
as Michaelmas daisies (Aster] and
chrysanthemums, as well as dahlias with
their rich variety of flower shapes and
colors, brighten up the garden until
the arrival of the first frosts. Grasses are
also key features of these cooler months.
Pampas grasses ( Cortaderia), fountain
grasses ( Pennisetum ), and Stipa
calamagrostis produce feather- and brush¬
like seedheads at this time of the year.

Winter

During winter, flower interest is limited,
but valuable sources include the scented
blooms of winter box (Sarcococca) and
witch hazels ( Hamamelis ). Bold sculptural
shapes and foliage color provided by
evergreens is of most importance now,
with conifers, boxwood (Buxus), and ivy
(Hedera) coming into their own.

Deciduous trees and shrubs also play
an important role, their intricate skeletons
of stems clearly visible at this time of year.
Think, too, about bark color and texture;
white-stemmed birches ( Betula ) and the
polished coppery-brown stems of Prunus
serrula are favorite trees, while brightly
colored dogwood (Cornus) and willow
(Salix) stems make exciting focal points.
Enhance the winter scene further with
berried shrubs, such as hollies (Ilex),
pyracanthas, and sorbus.

25

USING COLOR

CREATING A GARDEN

BASIC PLANTING TECHNIQUES

Once you have planned your garden, and assessed
the exposure and soil, you can begin planting. Giving
new plants a good start by improving soil will result
in strong, healthy specimens that put on a display

year after year. Choose a mild day when the soil is
not frozen or waterlogged and, before starting, make
sure the soil is free of weeds. Water all plants well
in preparation, and water them again after planting.

Choosing healthy plants

Before going to the garden center or
nursery, make a list of your chosen plants,
and try to stick to it, to avoid making
impulsive purchases. If some of the plants
are not available, remember to check
the eventual size and required growing
conditions of any substitutes to make
sure they will fulfill your needs.

Check each plant to ensure that you have
chosen the healthiest specimen. Look at
the leaves and stems for signs of pests and
diseases, and reject any plant with wilted
foliage. Then turn over the pot and check
to see if there is a mass of roots growing
through the drainage holes, a sign that the
plant is "rootbound" and has been growing
in the pot for too long. Finally, select plants
with lots of leafy stems and plump buds.

Preparing the ground

It is always wise to take a few hours to
prepare the soil well before you plant. Clear
the site of any large stones and remove
all weeds, ensuring that you dig out the
whole root system of perennial weeds, like
dandelions. Start by hand-weeding the site.

Remove the weeds

When weeding, try to remove the root systems
completely to prevent the weeds from growing back.
Pernicious weeds, such as ground elder and bindweed,
may need to be treated with a weedkiller.

You can apply a weedkiller, if necessary, to
tackle pernicious weeds such as bindweed,
ground elder, Japanese knotweed, horsetail,
nettles, and brambles. If weeds are really
problematic, consider covering the site
with some old carpet or plastic sheeting
for a few seasons. This forms a physical
barrier against settling weed seeds, and
the lack of light and moisture prevents
weed growth. When the site has been

Feed the soil

When making a new bed or border, enrich the soil by
digging in well-rotted organic matter, such as manure
or garden compost, before planting. Apply organic
matter as a mulch around plants on existing beds.

cleared, enrich the soil with organic matter,
such as well-rotted manure or garden
compost. On a large plot, dig a series of
trenches to the depth of a spade across the
area and add manure to the base of each
trench. Alternatively, spread a 3in (8cm)
layer of organic matter over the border, and
dig it into the top 6in (15cm) of soil. Dig
some horticultural grit into heavy clay to
improve drainage. Finally, rake the surface.

PLANTING A PERENNIAL OR SHRUB

PLANTING DEPTHS

26

Shrubs form the backbone of a garden, providing permanent structure, while
most perennials die down in winter and emerge again in spring. Plants grown in
containers can be planted at any time of year, but avoid times when the ground
is frozen or excessively wet or dry. Also, prepare the soil well before you start
(see above), so your plants establish quickly and produce healthy growth.

r -»n- r v .

I Make a planting hole

First, water the plants well.
Dig out a planting hole for each
plant, making sure that it is twice
the diameter of the container and
a little deeper. Fork the bottom
and sides of the hole, and add
some controlled-release fertilizer
to the excavated soil.

2 Check planting depth

Remove the plant from its
pot, teasing out the roots if they
are congested. Use a cane to
check that the plant will be at
the same depth as it was in its
pot. Put the plant in the hole and
steadily trickle in water as you
backfill with soil, firming as you go.

3 Water and mulch

Water the plant. Spread a
mulch of organic matter around
the plant, avoiding the stems, to
conserve moisture and suppress
weeds. Water plants in dry spells
until fully established. Each
spring, rake in a general-purpose
fertilizer around the plant.

Most plants need to be planted at the same
depth as they were in their pots or, if they
are bare-root trees or shrubs, plant them at
the depth they were growing at in the field,
indicated by a dark soil mark on the stems.
Among the exceptions are bearded irises
(below); their rhizomes will rot if buried, so
they should be planted with them exposed.
Sun-loving shrubs and perennials, such as
verbascums and sedums, also thrive when
planted slightly above soil level. Moisture-
loving plants like hostas prefer to be buried
a little deeper than ground level.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Planting in containers

When choosing a container, look at the
range of different materials and designs
available to find those that suit both your
garden style and the types of plants you
plan to grow.

In late spring, after all danger of frost has
passed, plant your summer bedding outside
in containers, windowboxes, and hanging
baskets. The method for planting containers
and windowboxes differs slightly from that
for hanging baskets (see below), and they
require watering daily. If you have less time
to spend watering and feeding, opt for pots
of drought-tolerant shrubs, such as hebes,
lavenders, and phormiums, or rock plants,
like sedums and houseleeks ( Sempervivum ).

Trees and large shrubs in containers
add height and stature to a design. Those
suitable for growing in pots include
boxwood ( Buxus ), many dwarf conifers,
Fatsia japonica, Hydrangea serrata, and
choisyas. These will need to be watered
regularly in dry spells. In spring, remove
the top few inches of potting mix and
replace with fresh, together with some
all-purpose controlled-release fertilizer.

Choosing pot sizes

When making your container selections,
choose pots of several different sizes for a
traditional grouping, or opt for a series of
pots of the same size and line them up for
a contemporary look.

The size of your pots will affect the
amount of maintenance they require. Tiny
pots dry out quickly and need watering on
a daily basis in summer, unless you plant
them with drought-tolerant rock plants.
Larger pots hold more potting mix and

Terra-cotta elegance

Natural and the perfect foil for a shrub, such as a hebe,
terra-cotta is porous and dries out quickly. To prevent
moisture loss, line with bubble wrap before planting.

therefore more moisture and nutrients,
reducing the need for such frequent
watering and feeding.

Material options

The material a container is made from
affects both the price and the maintenance
needs of the plants. Clay is a beautiful
natural material, but because it is porous,
it dries out more rapidly than synthetic
materials or natural stone. Choose glazed
clay or plastic if you want colorful pots.

Size matters

Choose a pot size that balances your chosen plants.

Opt for a tall, slim container for a fountain of foliage, or
a small, wide pot for a rounded shrub or planting group.

PLANTING A SUMMER CONTAINER

You can create exciting displays in containers and windowboxes with
easy summer flowers. Some grow quickly from seed, or you can buy
plug plants via mail order or larger bedding plants from the garden center.
When combining plants, try to balance the shapes, colors, and textures.
This example includes red dahlias, French marigolds, and yellow bidens.

I Add drainage material

Place a layer of broken clay pot
pieces in the base of the pot to help
ensure good drainage. For larger pots,
you can reduce the amount of potting
mix required and the weight of the
container by filling the bottom third
with pieces of polystyrene.

2 Plant the container

Fill the container to about 2in
(5cm) from the rim with all-purpose
potting mix. Work in some slow-
release fertilizer granules. Water
the plants about 30 minutes before
planting. Tip them from their pots or
trays and arrange on the soil surface.

Final effects

Plant the tallest plants at the back or
in the middle of the container, and
fill in around them with shorter or
trailing types. Water the container well,
and continue to water regularly. To
extend the flowering period, remove
the faded blooms with pruners at
frequent intervals throughout summer.

PLANTING A HANGING BASKET

Globes of flowers and foliage lend an exotic touch to patios and seating
areas throughout summer. Plant a large hanging basket and hang it at
about head height where you can see the colors and textures at close
quarters. Flanging baskets filled with ivy, small evergreens, violas, and
early bulbs also add a splash of color in fall and winter.

1 Preparing the basket

Line the basket and add a circle
of plastic to the bottom to create a
water reservoir. Top with a layer of
potting mix. Cut crosses around the
sides of the liner. Protect the trailing
plants with some plastic and thread
them through the crosses, as shown.

2 Planting the top

Cover the roots of the trailing
plants with more potting mix, and
then start planting the top of the
basket. Work from the center out, with
the tallest plants (such as verbena)
in the middle, with compact bedding
and trailing types around the edges.

Finishing touches

Fill in around the plants with potting
mix and work in some slow-release
fertilizer granules. Water well and add
a layer of gravel over the soil to help
retain moisture. Water the basket daily,
even if it has rained, and deadhead
regularly to extend the flower display
throughout the summer.

27

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BASIC PLANTING
TECHNIQUES

CREATING A GARDEN

LOOKING AFTER YOUR GARDEN

To keep your garden in peak condition, you will need
to perform regular maintenance tasks throughout
the year. Watering is essential for young plants and
those in containers, and to win the battle against

weeds, you must be vigilant from spring to fall. It
pays to give most plants fertilizer and mulch every
year—usually in spring. Woody plants may also
need to be pruned to keep them in good condition.

Weeding methods

You can limit the growth of weeds by top¬
dressing the soil with a thick mulch or a
membrane, but you will never be completely
free of them. The most useful tool for
removing annual weeds over a large area
is a hoe; as you move it back and forth, the
blade slices through the necks of weeds
where the stems meet the soil. Choose a
dry, sunny day for hoeing, and leave the
weeds on the soil surface to die—you can
then gather them up and compost them.

Although hoeing kills annual weeds, such
as chickweed and groundsel, perennial
weeds, including brambles, dock, couch
grass, and ground elder, will survive and
regrow. Use a weeder to remove those with
taproots, such as dandelions, and dig out
perennials with fibrous root systems using
a spade or trowel. If you have pernicious
weeds that you cannot remove by hand,
apply a glyphosate weedkiller.

Watering

In summer, watering is the main gardening
task. Young plants in beds and borders and
container displays are especially vulnerable
to drought, and are best watered early
in the morning or in the evening, when
evaporation rates are low. A basic watering
can is generally sufficient for small areas or

Dealing with dandelions

A weeder is the ideal tool for prying out perennial
weeds with deep taproots, such as dandelions.

containers, and fits easily under a rain-
barrel spigot. For seedlings and new plants,
use a can with a fine spray, so that you do
not wash soil away from the roots.

If you have a large new area to water,
a garden hose is a more practical option.
Attach a spray nozzle to give new plantings
a gentle shower, and direct the hose at the
soil, not the leaves or flowers. An even
more efficient watering method is to lay
perforated drip hoses around your plants;
water gradually seeps out at soil level and
penetrates deeply with little waste.

Fertilizing

Once established, most plants growing
in reasonably good soil need an annual

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• c

1

Slow-release watering

Drip hoses trickle water into the soil above the roots,
exactly where it is most needed.

application of fertilizer in spring. The type
of plant food you choose and how often you
apply it will be determined by your soil and
what you are trying to grow. Plants require
a range of essential nutrients. The primary
nutrients are nitrogen (N), which plants
need for leaf growth; phosphorus (P) for
healthy roots; and potassium (K) for good
flower and fruit production. The secondary
nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur,
are required in smaller amounts, while
the seven trace elements, such as iron,
are needed in very small quantities.

Fertilizers are either organic (derived
from plants and animals) or inorganic
(chemically manufactured). Most are
concentrated for convenience and available

FERTILIZER OPTIONS

28

Most plants benefit from an application of fertilizer once a year in spring, because too much fertilizer, or using the wrong type for a particular plant,
However, some may need extra nutrients to boost them at key times, may have a detrimental effect. Your local garden center or DIY store will

such as flowering. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully stock a selection of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Chemical fertilizer

A balanced chemical
fertilizer is used to enrich
the soil at sowing or planting
time. It can also be applied
as a top-dressing in the
spring for all types of plants.

Organic matter

Well-rotted manure or
garden compost is rich
in trace elements and
soil-conditioning substances.
Dig it into the ground or
apply it as a surface mulch.

Blood, fish and
bonemeal

This organic, balanced
fertilizer can be mixed into
the soil when planting, and
applied around plants in
the spring or early summer.

Soluble food

Fast-acting soluble liquid
fertilizer gives bedding
and container plants the
nutrients they need. They
can also be used on plants
that need a quick boost.

Slow-release

granules

These granules are activated
by warmth and moisture,
and provide a steady supply
of nutrients for many weeks
in borders and containers.

(c) 2012 Doriing Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MULCH OPTIONS

Mulches reduce weed growth and conserve water, which is why they prevents them from rotting. As well as being functional, many mulches
should always be applied when the ground is moist. A gravel mulch are also attractive and produce a decorative surface for borders and

helps to keep the leaves and stems of drought-loving plants dry, and containers. Recycled ground glass and dyed shells are colorful options.

Gravel

Gravel laid over landscape fabric
creates a weed suppressant and
a decorative foil for alpines and
Mediterranean-style plantings.

Plant through the fabric by cutting
a cross and folding back the flaps.
Apply the gravel on top after planting.

Bark chips

Available in different sizes, the
smallest being the most attractive,
bark breaks down slowly and makes
a good weed suppressor. It also
helps to conserve soil moisture,
but does not supply many nutrients.
Top off worn areas annually.

Garden compost

Rotted compost and manure lock
moisture into the soil and help to
suppress weed growth. As the mulch
breaks down, it also releases plant
foods and improves the structure
of the soil.

Leaf mold

Although low in nutrients, rotted
leaves help to improve the soil
structure and trap moisture in.

They are ideal for woodland and
shade-loving plants, many of which
would be mulched by leaves in
their natural habitats.

as liquids, powders that you dilute in water,
or granules. Organic fertilizers include
pelleted chicken manure; blood, fish and
bone meal; liquid seaweed fertilizer;
and homemade plant foods, such as the
diluted liquor from a worm bin or fertilizers
made from soaking comfrey leaves.
Inorganic fertilizers include potassium
sulfate and granular rose fertilizers.

Fertilizers are grouped according to
the quantities of N, P, and K they contain.
For example, a balanced fertilizer for
general use contains equal quantities of
each primary nutrient, while a fertilizer
for lawns has a higher concentration of
nitrogen, and those for fruit bushes are
rich in potassium.

Apply an all-purpose granular fertilizer
to the soil when planting, and spread
it around plants in spring. Containers,
baskets, and some bedding annuals may
need a regular liquid feeding during the
growing season, or apply a controlled-
release granular fertilizer when planting.
Remember to follow the manufacturer's
directions carefully.

Mulching

Mulches are materials that are spread on
the soil surface, usually around plants.
Some mulches serve a practical purpose—
feeding the soil, suppressing weeds,
retaining moisture, or insulating roots
in winter—while others are primarily
decorative. Decorative mulches include
crushed glass or shells, and slate chips.

Mulches are applied at different times of
the year, depending on their purpose and

the plants' needs. For example, bark chips
are spread over the soil surface after
planting to suppress weeds, but may take
nutrients from the soil as they decompose,
so apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer to
compensate for this loss. Organic matter,
such as farmyard manure or garden
compost, helps to retain soil moisture
while also fertilizing the ground. It must
be laid over moist soil, either in spring
(following fall and winter rains) or after
watering. Apply organic mulches in a
thick layer about 4in (10cm) deep, and
replenish them annually as worms and soil
microorganisms will break them down
throughout the year.

Composting

Disposing of your organic kitchen waste
and plant prunings by composting creates
an excellent eco-friendly soil improver.
There is a wide range of bins available,
including standard plastic composters that
hold plenty of waste, and more decorative
types, such as wooden models that
resemble beehives.

To produce good compost, you will need
the right mix of ingredients. Too much soft
green material, such as grass clippings and
vegetable peelings, turns the pile into
a slimy mess. On the other hand, if you
include too much dry woody material,
such as prunings, the pile will rot down
too slowly. Aim for an equal measure of
green and dry ingredients and add them
in layers. Good air flow is also essential
to the composting process, so turn over
the contents regularly.

MAKING LEAF MOLD

Leaf mold is one of the finest soil
conditioners, and makes good use of fallen
autumn leaves. It is very quick and easy
to make, but takes at least a year to rot
down and be ready for use in the garden.

I Rake up the leaves

In fall, rake up the leaves in your yard and
place them in large plastic garbage bags. If you
chop them up first with a garden spade, they
will decompose faster.

2 Water, tie, and leave

When the bags are half full, sprinkle the
leaves with water. Continue to add leaves, and
water again when full. Tie the bag and make
a few holes with a fork to allow in some air.
After a year or two, the leaf mold will be ready.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

29

LOOKING AFTER
YOUR GARDEN

CREATING A GARDEN

Good garden hygiene

By keeping your plants in good health and
checking them regularly, you can keep
many pests and diseases at bay. Aim to
grow your plants in the right conditions
because healthy specimens are more
able to withstand attacks. Remember,
too, that some plants are susceptible to
certain diseases so, whenever possible,
buy resistant varieties.

A few simple precautions will also pay
dividends. Check new plants for signs of
pests and diseases to ensure that they do
not introduce them into your garden, and
keep all tools and equipment clean to guard
against the spread of diseases. Tools such
as pruners and seed trays are best cleaned
with household disinfectant. You can also
put up physical barriers, such as cut-off
plastic bottles to help protect your plants
from pests such as slugs and snails.

If a plant does succumb to a disease, first
try to identify the problem to gauge its
seriousness, and remove and either burn
or discard infected plant material. Minor
pest attacks can usually be dealt with
by removing the invaders by hand. Also,
try to encourage natural predators, such
as birds, frogs and toads, ladybugs,
hoverflies, spiders, and lacewings into your
garden, as together they will help to keep
many pests under control. Pools, ponds,
berried shrubs and trees, and nectar-rich
open flowers will help to lure this pest

army into your plot. If you have to resort
to chemical pesticides and fungicides, use
them sparingly and read the manufacturer's
instructions carefully.

Pruning guidelines

It is not essential to prune any plant, but
thinning and cutting back to varying
degrees or selectively removing whole
branches can be beneficial.

Pruning can rejuvenate old, congested
specimens and help to extend the life of
short-lived shrubs. It can also promote
the growth of more flowering and fruiting
wood, improve the shape of a plant, and
reduce the incidence of disease.

Most pruning is performed annually, but
if you spot dead, damaged, or diseased
wood, or a sucker growing from a grafted
plant, remove it immediately. A general tip
is to prune plants that flower in spring just
after they have bloomed, and prune those
that flower in summer or fall in early spring
before the buds break. Most evergreens
are pruned in late spring.

It is important to use the right tools
when pruning, as they will make the task
easier. The tool you will require depends
on the thickness of the material you need
to remove. Use sharp pruners for stems
the width of a pencil or smaller, and a
pruning saw or loppers for larger branches.
Never prune above head height, and call
in a professional arborist for large jobs.

MAKING PRUNING CUTS

Trees, shrubs, and climbers grow in different ways, and their shoots, buds, and stems
differ too. Before pruning, identify the type of buds and shoots on the plant and
their position. Buds are found at the point where the leaves are about to grow, or
where they have previously been attached to the stem. When pruning, cut just
above a bud; this stimulates hormones that make the bud develop into a new stem.

30

Cutting opposite buds

The buds of some plants are
opposite each other. Prune
above a pair of buds with a
flat, straight cut. When the
buds grow, they will produce
two shoots growing in opposite
directions from one another.

Cutting alternate buds

Where the buds are positioned
alternately along the stems, try
to prune to one that is facing
outward, away from the center
of the plant. Make a sloping cut
above the bud, so that water
runs away from it.

Cutting to new growth

You can recognize new growth
because it looks much fresher
than old wood. When pruning,
cut off old wood just above a
new stem, using a sloping cut
so that water runs away from
the young growth.

WHY PRUNE?

You can achieve many beautiful effects
with careful pruning. Some plants are
best trimmed lightly to create a natural
look, while others can be clipped into
elegant topiary. In addition, some
pruning techniques encourage more
flowering and fruiting stems to form.

Cutting out dead and
diseased wood

Whenever you see dead or diseased wood
on any woody plant, remove it immediately. If
dead wood is left on a plant, disease can enter
more easily and move down the stems.

Pruning for shape and form

Some plants need a gentle trim to retain
their shape. This Pittosporum tenuifolium makes
an attractive focal plant. The only pruning
it requires is to retain the plant's symmetry
by lightly trimming it in late spring.

Crossing and rubbing branches

Branches that rub each other can create open
wounds that let in diseases. Remove one
of the branches, choosing the weakest one or
the stem that has suffered the most damage.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT

SELECTOR

The lists in this section suggest plants that are suitable

for growing in a range of situations, or that have special

uses or characteristics. Although the plants should thrive

in the conditions specified, bear in mind that they are

not always consistent and much of their success depends

on climate, location, exposure, and care. The list is

subdivided into plant groups for each category, following

the arrangement of the Plant Catalog on pages 56-496

Plants that are featured in the Catalog are followed by

page numbers; refer to the Plant Directory for a whole

genus or for a plant not followed by a number.

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for sandy soil

Sandy soils are often termed "light" or "hungry." They are usually
well-drained, but dry out rapidly and hold low reserves of plant
nutrients. Many plants have adapted to such soils by developing
deeply penetrating roots. Their leaves are modified to reduce
moisture loss: small and reflexed, evergreen and glossy, or
covered with fine gray or silver hairs. To improve moisture
retention, incorporate some organic matter when planting
in fall; little watering will then be needed and plants are able
to establish well before summer.

TREES

Amelanchier lamarckii, p.110
Betula ermanii, p.78
Betula pendula 'Dalecarlica'

Castanea sativa

Celtis australis, p.62

Cercis siliquastrum, p.83

Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet', p.84

Genista aetnensis, p.89

Nothofagus obliqua, p.63

Phoenix canariensis

Pinus bungeana, p.78

Pinus sylvestris, p.78

Quercus ilex

Conifers

Abies grandis, p.98

x Cuprocyparis leylandii and cvs

Juniperus

Larix decidua, p.97

Pinus pinaster, p.97

Pinus radiata, p.98

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, p.96
Thuja occidentalis and cvs

SHRUBS

Acacia dealbata, p.211
Artemisia arborescens 'Faith Raven'
Berberis empetrifolia, p.148
Brachyglottis 'Sunshine'

BUDDLEJAS, p.114
Calluna vulgaris and cvs, p.166
Caragana arborescens 'Lorbergii'
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and forms
Cistus spp. and cvs, pp.150,152,153,154
Convolvulus cneorum, p.149
Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117
Elaeagnus pungens 'Maculata', p.119
Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens, p.123
Erica spp. and cvs, p.166
Gaultheria mucronata 'Mulberry Wine',
p.164

Gaultheria mucronata 'Wintertime', p.163

Genista tinctoria, p.148

Halimium 'Susan', p.160

Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142

Hypericum 'Hidcote', p.160

LAVENDERS, p.158

Olearia nummulariifolia, p.128

Perovskia 'Blue Spire', p.159

Phlomis fruticosa, p.160

Robinia hispida, p.133

Rosa spinosissima

Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157

SALVIAS, p.155

Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana
'Sulphurea', p.159
Spartium junceum, p.140
Tamarix ramosissima, p.114
Teucrium fruticans 'Azureum'
x Halimiocistus sahucii, p.149
Yucca gloriosa, p.132

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

CLEMATIS, pp.198-200
Clianthus puniceus, p.193
Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Lapageria rosea, p.202
Vitis vinifera 'Purpurea', p.210

PERENNIALS

Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Achillea spp. and cvs, pp.235, 243, 247,
359, 360

Agapanthus 'Northern Star', p.241
Agapanthus 'Phantom'

Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud', p.241

Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
'Graskop', p.240
Agastache 'Black Adder', p.280
Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie Finnis',
p.274

Artemisia absinthium 'Lambrook Silver'
Asphodeline
Aster divaricatus, p.249
Aster ericoides f. prostratus 'Snowflurry'
Aster species, selections and hybrids,
pp.249, 250, 254, 367
Baptisia australis, p.240
Berkheya purpurea, p.269
Campanula persicifolia
Campanula punctata, C. takesimana, p.241
Campanula species, selections and
hybrids, pp.241, 242, 342, 360, 367,

368, 369

CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266-267
Centranthus ruber, p.248
Coreopsis 'Limerock Ruby', p.268
Delphinium grandiflorum 'Blue
Butterfly', p.217
Diascia personata, p.223
Eremurus x isabellinus 'Cleopatra', p.220
Eryngium pandanifolium
Eryngium x tripartitum, p.250
Erysimum 'Bowles Mauve', p.261
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson's form

BELOW Hot and dry conditions

Acanthus spinosus and Phlomis
russeliana make a perfect planting
partnership on sandy soil.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Gaillardia 'Oranges and Lemons', p.277
Gaillardia x grandiflora cvs
Libertia ixioides 'Goldfinger', p.277
Limonium latifolium 'Blue Cloud', p.270
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Nepeta x faassenii, p.270
Oenothera fruticosa 'Fyrverkeri', p.275
Origanum vulgare 'Aureum', p.274
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
Phlomis russeliana, p.243
Platycodon grandiflorus, p.269
Potentilla 'Arc-en-ciel', p.268
RED HOT POKER, p.254
Romneya coulteri, p.216
SEDUM, p.279
Solidago 'Goldenmosa', p.251
Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo', p.268
Verbascum spp. and cvs, pp.219, 243,

246, 345

Grasses and bamboos

Ampeldesmos mauritanica , p.287
Carex flagellifera , p.289
Chasmanthium latifolium , p.288
Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Cortadera richardii, p.284
Deschampsisa cesoitosa 'Gold Tau', p.289
Elegia capensis, p.285
Eragrostis curvula 'Totnes Burgundy',
p.285

Miscanthus sinensis and cvs pp.284,

285, 286

Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
'Transparent', p.286
Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea
'Heidebraut', p.285
Panicum virgatum 'Northwind', p.289
Pennisetum spp., pp.286, 311, 312
Stipa spp., pp.286, 287, 288

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Antirrhinum majus and cvs, pp.306,

319, 320

Brachyscome iberidifolia
Cleome hassleriana and cvs, p.304
Coreopsis tinctoria, p.321
Eschscholzia californica , p.326
Glandularia x hybrida series and cvs,
pp.303, 307

Limnanthes douglasii, p.321

Limonium sinuatum

Linaria maroccana 'Fairy Lights'

Papaver rhoeas Shirley Series, p.310
PELARGONIUMS, p.309
Portulaca grandiflora series and cvs
Schizanthus 'Dwarf Bouquet', p.304
Senecio cineraria 'Silver Dust', p.315
Tagetes cvs, pp.308, 322, 324, 326
Tanacetum parthenium, p.300
Xanthophthalmum segetum, p.322
Xerochrysum bracteatum Monstrosum
Series

ROCK PLANTS

Acaena caesiiglauca, p.374
Achillea x kellereri, p.360
Aethionema 'Warley Rose', p.362
Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta',
p.333

Arenaria montana, p.360
Armeria juniperifolia, p.352
Cytisus x beanii, p.335
Dianthus deltoides
Gaultheria procumbens, p.373
Gypsophila repens

Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345
HOUSELEEKS, p.377
Petrorhagia saxifraga, p.361
Phlox bifida, p.366

Saponaria ocymoides, p.364
Sedum spp. and cvs, pp.315, 345, 371,

374, 375, 377

Tanacetum argenteum, p.346
Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus, p.351

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium 'Gladiator', p.392
Allium 'Globemaster', p.392
Allium 'Mount Everest', p.385
Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group, p.409
Allium oreophilum, p.418
Allium 'Purple Sensation', p.392
ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387
Anemone blanda 'Violet Star', p.418
Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
'Mr Fokker', p.403
Anemone ranunculoides, p.263
Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Babiana rubrocyanea, p.418
Bellavalia romana, p.399
Brodiaea 'Queen Fabiola"

Calochortus superbus, p.409
Camassia quamash, p.4U
Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
CROCOSMIA, p.410
CROCUS p.417

Cyclamen coum 'Maurice Dryden', p.428
Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
DAFFODILS, pp.404-405
DAHLIAS, pp.396-398
Fritillaria imperalis 'Lutea', p.382
Fritillaria persica 'Ivory Bells', p.382
Galanthus 'Hill Poe', p.427
Galanthus woronowii, p.428
GLADIOLI, p.384
Gladiolus murielae
Habenaria radiata, p.408
Hippeastrum 'Black Pearl'

Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket', p.403
Hyacinthus orientalis 'White Pearl', p.415
Hymenocallis 'Sulphur Queen', p.412
Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Ipheion uniflorum 'Froyle Mill', p.419
Iris reticulata and cvs, p.225
bda viridiflora, p.406
LILIES, pp.388-391

Muscari spp. and cvs, pp.403, 415, 419,
420, 421

Nerine bowdenii, p.413
Nerine bowdenii 'Nikita'

Ornithogalum, spp. and cvs, pp.382, 399,
408, 414, 415, 416

Polianthes tuberosa The Pearl', p.385
Romulea bulbocodium, p.419
Schizostylis 'Mrs Hegarty'

Scilla spp. and cvs, pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Triteleia ixiodes 'Starlight', p.407
Tulbaghia simmleri, p.4U
TULIPS, pp.400-401
Watsonia meriana, p.385
Zephyranthes spp., pp.413, 424

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Agonis flexuosa, p.450

Shrubs

Boronia megastigma, p.456
Chamelaucium uncinatum, pp.453, 454
Chorizema ilicifolium, p.455
Iochroma australe, p.138
Leucospermum reflexum, p.456

RIGHT A garden on sandy gravel

Alliums and lavenders thrive on light,
sandy soils and are ideal for gravel
gardens in dry areas.

Petrea volubilis, p.463
Plectranthus fructicosus 'James', p.454

Climbers

Bomarea hirsuta
Bomarea multiflora, p.207
Kermedia rubicunda, p.462
Solanum wendlandii, p.463
Streptosolen jamesonii, p.464
Tropaeolum tricolorum, p.461

Perennials

Aphelandra squarrosa 'Louisae', p.476
Billbergia nutans

Perovskia 'Blue Spire'

Helianthemum 'Wisley Primrose'

Cryptanthus zonatus
Gazania rigens var. uniflora
Ruellia devosiana, p.465
Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii',
p.476

Strelitzia reginae, p.476

Cacti and succulents

AGAVES, p.482
ALOES, p.493
Echeveria montana
Furcraea parmentieri
Rebutia hybrida and cvs, pp.483, 484,
486, 487, 496

Antirrhinum majus

Eccremocarpus scaber

33

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for clay soil

Clay soil is usually wet, sticky, and heavy in winter, and during drier
summers it can shrink and crack, damaging plant roots. Whether
establishing a new garden on clay or renovating an older one,
always choose plants that will grow well in this type of soil. Prepare
the planting area thoroughly, digging the soil in the fall, then leaving
it over winter to allow the weathering effects of frost and winter
rains to break down large clods. Dig in organic matter, and grit
or sharp sand to increase drainage. Plant in early spring, at the
beginning of the growing season, to avoid losses over winter.

TREES

Alnus glutinosa
Castanospermum australe
Drimys winteri, p.73
FLOWERING DOGWOODS, p.87
Fraxinus spp., pp.60, 66, 71, 74, 79
Juglans nigra, p.63
Magnolia virginiana
Melaleuca viridiflora var. rubriflora
Oxydendrum arboreum, p.76
Pinus sylvestris, p.78

Populus spp. and cvs, pp.60, 61, 62, 63, 74
Prunus maackii
Prunus serrula, p.78
Pterocarya fraxinifolia
Quercus palustris, p.66
Quercus robur
Quercus suber, p.78
Salix babylonica var. pekinensis
Tortuosa', p.80

Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma, p.69
SORBUS, p.91

Conifers

Cryptomeria japonica and cvs, p.104
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, p.96
Taxodium distichum, p.99

SHRUBS

Aronia arbutifolia, p.142
Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow', p.137
Berberis valdiviana, p.lll
Calycanthus floridus
Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow', p.146
Choisya 'Aztec Pearl', p.122
Choisya ternata sundance ('Lich'), p.148
Clethra alnifolia
CORNUS, p.126
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142
Cotoneaster hupehensis
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster x watered 'John Waterer',
p.142

Disanthus cercidifolius, p.141
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade',
p.140

Euonymus spp., pp.117,142

Fothergilla gardenii, p.163

Fothergilla major, p.117

Genista tenera 'Golden Shower', p.116

Kalmia latifolia, p.136

Ledum groenlandicum, p.145

Photinia serratifolia, p.lll

Photinia x fraseri 'Red Robin', p.lll

Ribes sanguineum 'Edward VII', p.146

Ruscus aculeatus, p.167

Salix caprea

Salix exigua, p.112

Salix purpurea

Sambucus racemosa 'Plumosa Aurea',
p.139

Spiraea japonica 'Albiflora'
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus,
p.142

Tetrapanax papyrifer, p.120
Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122
Viburnum lentago

Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142,162
Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143

LEFT A waterside planting

The yellow skunk cabbage (Lysichiton
americanus ) and marsh marigolds
(Caltha palustris ) flourish together
in the clay soil beside this stream.

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Celastrus scandens
Garrya elliptica 'James Roof', p.2U
Humulus lupulus 'Aureus', p.194
Rosa filipes 'Kiftsgate', p.184
Vitis coignetiae, p.209

PERENNIALS

Acanthus mollis 'Hollard's Gold', p.219
Anemone hupehensis and cvs
Anemone tomentosa
Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256, 280
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256
Doronicum orientale 'Magnificum', p.263
Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum
Group 'Reisenschirm', p.221
Filipendula ulmaria 'Aurea', p.274
Geranium 'Orion', p.280
Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat'), p.271
Geum 'Bell Bank', p.268
Helianthus 'Lemon Queen', p.222
Helonias bullata

Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon', p.444
Iris laevigata

JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222
Leucanthemum x superbum
'Sonnenschein', p.231
Ligularia 'Britt Marie Crawford', p.445
Ligularia 'The Rocket', p.219
Lythrum salicaria 'Feuerkerze', p.234
Mimulus guttatus
Omphalodes cappadocia 'Cherry
Ingram', p.261
Prim ula japonica

Rodgersia pinnata 'Fireworks', p.234
Scrophularia auriculata 'Variegata'
Trollius spp. and cvs, pp.358, 436, 445

Grasses and bamboos

Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe Tatra', p.288
Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284,

285, 286

Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
288, 289

Ferns

Polystichum setiferum groups, p.291
Thelypteris palustris, p.291
Woodwardia radicans

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
CANNA, p.394
Zantedeschia 'Cameo', p.395

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Aruncus dioicus, p.436
Butomus umbellatus
Caltha palustris, p.444
Darmera peltata, p.438
Gunnera manicata, p.443
Lysichiton americanus, p.444
Matteuccia struthiopteris, p.443
Onoclea sensibilis, p.443
Osmunda regalis, p.443
Pontederia cordata, p.441
Primula florindae, p.445
Ranunculus lingua, p.444
Sagittaria latifolia, p.434
Thalia dealbata

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Perennials

Cyperus papyrus, p.479

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Plants for neutral to acidic soil

Some plants, notably camellias, rhododendrons, and most heathers,
grow naturally in regions such as open woodlands, hillsides, or
moorlands where the soil is neutral to acidic, and are intolerant
of alkaline soils such as chalk or limestone. These are often termed
"lime-haters" or "acid-lovers." Before planting, work in some acidic
planting compost or humus. After planting, keep woody plants well
mulched. In drier regions, check water needs regularly.

TREES

Acer davidii, p.78
Acer forrestii
Acer griseum, p.78
Acer grossed, p.78

Acer palmatum and cvs, pp.78, 89, 90,115,
117,123,138,156

Acer pensylvanicum 'Erythrocladum', p.78

Arbutus menziesii

Arbutus unedo, p.93

Embothrium coccineum, p.86

Eucryphia (most), pp.85,129

Michelia doltsopa, p.71

Nyssa sinensis, p.77

Nyssa sylvatica, p.66

Oxydendrum arboreum, p.76

Pinus densiflora

Pterostyrax hispida, p.73

Stewartia pseudocamellia, p.78

Stewartia sinensis, p.78

Styrax japonicus, p.72

Conifers

Abies spp. and cvs, pp.95, 96, 98,100,

104.105

Picea spp. and cvs, pp.98, 99,100,101,

103.105

Pinus densiflora
Pinus pumila

Pseudolarix amabilis, p.102
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, p.96
Sciadopitys verticillata, p.101
Tsuga heterophylla

SHRUBS

Acer palmatum 'Shindeshojo', p.123
Amelanchier lamarckii, p.110
Andromeda polifolia 'Compacta',
p.333

Arctostaphylos (some), pp.144,147
CAMELLIAS, pp.120-121
Chamaedaphne calyculata
Cyrilla racemiflora
Enkianthus spp., pp.lll, 120,123
Fothergilla gardenii
Fothergilla major, p.117
Gaultheria spp., pp.145,154,163,

164

HEATHERS, p.166, most
Kalmia spp., pp.136,156
Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
Leiophyllum buxifolium
Leptospermum scoparium 'Snow
White', p.135

Leucothde fontanesiana and cvs, p.167
Lyonia ligustrinum
Menziesia ciliicalyx var. purpurea,
p.146

Myrica gale, p.162

Philesia magellanica

Pieris spp. and cvs, pp.110,120,137

RHODODENDRONS, pp.124-125, most

Styrax officinalis, p.112

Telopea speciosissima, p.137

Vaccinium (most), pp.150,163,165, 351

WITCH HAZELS, p.118

Zenobia pulverulenta, p.130

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Asteranthera ovata
Berberidopsis corallina, p.202
Crinodendron hookerianum, p.202
Desfontainia spinosa, p.203
Mitraria coccinea, p.193

PERENNIALS

Dianella tasmanica, p.239
Ourisia coccinea, p.269
Smilacina racemosa, p.223
Tolmiea menziesii
Trillium spp., pp.255, 260, 350
Uvularia grandiflora, p.262

Grasses and Bamboos

Deschampsisa cespitosa 'Gold Tau', p.289
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
'Transparent', p.286
Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea
'Heidebraut', p.285

Ferns

Adiantum spp., pp.291, 292
Blechnum spp., pp.290, 292
Cryptogramma crispa, p.293

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Calibrachoa cvs, pp.300, 306

ROCK PLANTS

Arctostaphylos spp. and cvs, pp.375, 376

Cassiope spp., pp.322, 349

Cornus canadensis, p.360

Corydalis cashmeriana

Cyananthus spp., pp.359, 369

Epigaea gaultherioides, p.351

Galax urceolata, p.336

Gaultheria spp., pp.346, 373

Gentiana sino-ornata, p.370

Linnaea borealis, p.363

Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue', p.343

Mitchella repens

Ourisia spp., pp.360, 362

Phlox adsurgens
Phlox stolonifera
Phyllodoce spp., pp.333, 334
Pieris nana

Shortia spp., pp.349, 352

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Lilium speciosum var. rubrum
Lilium superbum, p.390

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Sarracenia flava, p.445

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Boronia megastigma, p.456
Epacris impressa, p.455
Gardenia augusta
Pimelea ferruginea, p.455
Protea spp., p.454

Climbers

Agapetes spp., p.461
Allamanda cathartica

Perennials

Aspidistra spp.

Calanthe striata, p.275
Caulokaempferia petelotii
Centropogon cordifolius
Cornukaempferia aurantiflora
'Jungle Gold', p.477
Cypripedium reginae, p.466
Drosera spp., p.473
Nepenthes x hookeriana, p.473
Peliosanthes arisanensis, p.472

BELOW A carpet of heather

Heathers (Erica) create dramatic sweeps
of color in winter in this heather garden.
The majority of heathers thrive in well-
drained, acidic soil in full sun.

35

Gaultheria mucronata 'Wintertime'

Fothergilla major

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for limestone

Limestone regions are rich in wildflowers and wildlife, and where
there is a reasonable depth of topsoil, a wide range of garden plants
can be grown. However, often there are only a few inches of soil
above bedrock, and here there is an increased risk of drought
in summer. It may be necessary to excavate planting holes and
incorporate organic matter to increase plants' chances of survival.
On well-drained soil, plant in fall or spring; on wetter soil, defer
planting until spring. Keep all young woody plants well mulched
and watered until established.

TREES

Acer negundo 'Variegatum', p.74
Aesculus x carnea 'Briotii', p.60
Arbutus andrachne
Betula albo-sinensis, p.78
Betula ermanii, p.78
Betula nigra, p.78
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii cvs,
p.78

Catalpa bignonioides, p.73
Cercis siliquastrum, p.83
Crataegus spp. and cvs, pp.80, 84, 90
Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. niphophila,
p.78

Fagus sylvatica, p.64

Fraxinus ornus, p.71

Gleditsia triacanthos 'Sunburst', p.72

HOLLIES, p.94

Laurus nobilis , p.80

Malus spp. and cvs, pp.71, 83,

90,110
Morus nigra
Phillyrea latifolia

BELOW Early summer scent

A lilac, here combined with deutzia and
peonies, grows in the shelter of a wall.
Lilacs prefer alkaline soil, as long as it
is well-drained.

Prunus avium 'Plena', p.71
Prunus maackii
Prunus serrula, p.78
SORBUS (many), p.91
Tilia tomentosa

Conifers

Calocedrus decurrens, p.101
Cedrus libani, p.97
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and cvs
pp.96,102,103

Cupressus arizonica var. glabra
x Cuprocyparis leylandii and cvs
Ginkgo biloba, p.97

Juniperus spp and cvs, pp.100,103,105
Picea omorika, p.98
Pinus nigra

Platycladus orientalis and cvs
Taxus baccata and cvs, pp.101,102,105
Thuja plicata and cvs

SHRUBS

Abutilon 'Kentish Belle', p.162
Abutilon 'Ashford Red', p.137
Aucuba japonica 'Crotonifolia'

Azara microphylla, p.118
Berberis darwinii, p.lll
Berberis valdiviana, p.lll
BUDDLEJA, p.114
Ceanothus impressus, p.138

Ceratostigma griffithii
Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow', p.146
Chimonanthus praecox, p.144
Choisya 'Aztec Pearl', p.122
Choisya ternata, p.122
Choisya ternata sundance ('Lich'), p.148
Cistus spp, pp.150,154
Colletia paradoxa , p.131
Cotinus coggygria 'Golden Spirit',

p.116

Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142
Cotoneaster hupehensis
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster x watereri 'John Waterer',
p.142

Daphne bholua 'Jacqueline Postin',
p.143

Deutzia spp. and cvs, pp.132,149,152
Edgeworthia chrysantha, p.126
Escallonia 'Donard Beauty', p.154
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade',
p.140

Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142
Euonymus latifolius, p.140
Euonymus oxyphyllus, p.117
Genista tenera 'Golden Shower', p.116
HARDY FUCHSIAS, p.154
Hebe carnosula
Hebe 'Great Orme', p.153
Hypericum 'Hidcote', p.160
LAVENDERS, p.158
LILACS, p.115
Olearia ilicifolia, p.130
Olearia macrodonta, p.132
Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127,128,
131,149

Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Photinia serratifolia, p.lll
Photinia x fraseri 'Red Robin', p.lll
Potentilla fruticosa and cvs, pp.149,

160,162

Ribes sanguineum 'Edward VII', p.146
ROSES (most), pp.172-187

Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167
Salix exigua, p.112
SALVIA, p.155

Sambucus nigra 'Guincho Purple'
Sambucus racemosa 'Plumosa Aurea',
p.139

Spartium junceum, p.140
Spiraea japonica 'Albiflora'

Spiraea nipponica 'Snowmound', p.131
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus,
p.142

Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122
Viburnum opulus
Viburnum tinus

Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143

Vitex agnus-castus

Weigela florida 'Variegata', p.152

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

Actinidia kolomikta, p.201
Campsis radicans
Carpenteria californica, p.197
Celastrus orbiculatus
CLEMATIS, pp.198-200
Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Forsythia suspensa, p.195
Fremontodendron 'California Glory',

p.206

Garrya elliptica 'James Roof', p.2U
Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211
HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
Jasminum officinale f. affine, p.196
Parthenocissus henryana
Passiflora caerulea, p.204
Rosa 'Alberic Barbier', p.184

BELOW Bright yellow display

Achillea 'Moonshine' is a perennial
that thrives in alkaline soil and will
withstand periods of drought. In
summer, the flowers attract bees
and butterflies.

Rosa 'Albertine', p.185
Solanum crispum 'Glasnevin', p.204
Trachelospermum jasminoides, p.195
Wisteria sinensis

PERENNIALS

Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Anemone tomentosa
Anemone hupehensis
AQUILEGIA, p.226
ASTER, p.249
CAMPANULA, p.241
DELPHINIUMS, p.217
Doronicum spp., pp.227, 263
Eryngium spp., pp.240, 250, 271
Erysimum 'Bowles's Mauve', p.261
Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum
Group 'Reisenscirm', p.221
Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat'), p.271
Geranium 'Orion', p.280
Geum 'Bell Bank', p.268
Gypsophila paniculata cvs, p.231
HELENIUM, p.248
Helianthus 'Lemon Queen', p.222
HEUCHERA, p.282
IRISES (most), pp.224-225
JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222
Leucanthemum x superbum
'Sonnenschein', p.231
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Omphalodes cappadocia 'Cherry
Ingram', p.261
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
PEONIES, p.229
Potentilla 'Arc-en-ciel', p.268
RUDBECKIA, p.251
SALVIA, p.250

Scabiosa caucasica 'Clive Greaves',
p.270

Schizostylis 'Mrs Hegarty'

Sidalcea ’Oberon’, p.233
Verbascum spp. and cvs, pp.243, 246
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination',

p.220

YARROW, p.247

Grasses and bamboos

Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287
Stipa tenuissima, p.288

Ferns

Asplenium scolopendrium, p.292
Asplenium trichomanes, p.291
Dryopteris filix-mas, p.292
Polypodium vulgare 'Cornubiense'

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Ageratum houstonianum and cvs,
pp.313, 314

Calendula officinalis and cvs, pp.321,
325, 326

Callistephus chinensis Series and cvs,
pp.303, 304, 312
Calomeria amaranthoides
Erysimum cheiri ’Fire King’, p.326
Gomphrena globosa, p.303
Lavatera trimestris 'Silver Cup', p.305
Limonium sinuatum
Lobularia maritima
Lunaria annua, p.310
Matthiola 'Giant Excelsior', p.303
Tagetes spp. and cvs, pp.308, 320, 322,
326

Ursinia anthemoides , p.322
Xeranthemum annuum, p.305
Zinnia spp. and cvs, pp.306, 316, 325,

ROCK PLANTS

Aethionema spp. and cvs, pp.338, 362,
364

Androsace lanuginosa, p.363
Aster alpinus, p.367

Campanula (most rock garden species),
pp.342, 368, 342

Dianthus (most rock garden species),
pp.363, 364, 366
Draba spp., pp.357, 358
Erysimum helveticum, p.358
Gypsophila repens
Helianthemum spp., pp.336, 337,

340, 345

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium 'Gladiator', p.392
Allium 'Globemaster', p.392
Allium 'Mount Everest', p.385
Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group,
p.409

Allium oreophilum, p.418
Allium 'Purple Sensation', p.392
Anemone blanda 'Violet Star', p.418
Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
'Mr Fokker', p.403
Anemone ranunculoides, p.263
Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Babiana rubrocyanea, p.418
Bellavalia romana, p.399
Calochortus superbus, p.409
Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
Colchicum, pp.421, 424, 425
Crinum x powellii, p.385
CROCUSES, p.417
Cyclamen coum and cvs, pp.428, 429
Cyclamen hederifolium, p.426
DAFFODILS, pp.404-405
Fritillaria imperalis 'Lutea', p.382
Fritillaria persica 'Ivory Bells', p.382
GLADIOLI, p.384

BELOW Colorful crevices

Naturally at home in cracks and crevices,
these Saxifraga form neat mounds of
color. They are ideal for sunny, well-
drained rock and alpine gardens.

Lathyrus vernus, p.260
Leontopodium alpinum, p.332
Linum arboreum, p.344
Lobularia maritima and cvs, pp.298,
304

Origanum dictamnus
Papaver burseri
Penstemon pinifolius, p.340
Rhodanthemum hosmariense, p.332
Saponaria ocymoides, p.364
Saxifraga, pp.332, 337, 348, 350,

358, 377

Thymus caespititius
Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium,
p.343

Veronica prostrata, p.343

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Nerium oleander, p.455

Cacti and succulents

Furcraea parmentieri

Gladiolus murielae
Hermodactylus tuberosus, p.406
Hippeastrum 'Black Pearl'
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket',
p.403

Hyacinthus orientalis 'White Pearl',
p.415

Hymenocallis 'Sulphur Queen', p.412
Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Iris reticulata and cvs
Lilium regale, p.388
Muscari spp. and cvs, pp.403, 415,
420, 421

Nerine bowdenii 'Nikita'
Ornithogalum nutans, p.399
Ornithogalum umbellatum, p.416
Pancratium illyricum, p.408
Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl', p.385
Scilla spp., pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'

Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
TULIPS, pp.400-401
Watsonia meriana, p.385
Zephyranthes spp., pp.413, 424

37

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for coastal sites

In coastal regions, salt from sea spray is carried a considerable
distance inland on the wind, causing problems for many plants.
However, some can tolerate high salt levels, and have hard-surfaced
or glossy leaves with low absorbency levels, or foliage covered with
fine hairs that prevent salt reaching the surface. Coastal gardens
are often exposed, so protect plants with hedges or fences. Prepare
sandy soil by incorporating organic matter and garden loam, to
encourage deep root penetration, and use dense groundcover
plants to stabilize the sand and keep root areas cool.

TREES

Acer pseudoplatanus and cvs, pp.65,

73, 84

Alnus incana, p.61
Arbutus andrachne
Arbutus unedo, p.93
Castanea sativa
Cordyline australis

Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet', p.84

Eucalyptus coccifera, p.68

Eucalpytus gunnii, p.68

Fraxinus excelsior

Ilex aquifolium cvs, pp.92, 94

Laurus nobilis, p.80

Luma apiculata, p.78

Melaleuca viridiflora var. rubriflora

Melia azedarach, p.71

Populus alba, p.60

Quercus suber, p.78

Salix alba

Schinus molle

SORBUS, p.91

Conifers

Cupressus macrocarpa
Juniperus conferta
Pinus contorta var. latifolia, p.101
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra , p.98
Pinus radiata, p.98
x Cuprocyparis leylandii

SHRUBS

Acacia verticillata
Atriplex halimus
Baccharis halimifolia
Berberis darwinii, p.lll
Brachyglottis Dunedin Group, p.161
Buddleja globosa, p.116
Bupleurum fruticosum, p.139
Cassinia leptophylla subsp. fulvida
Chamaerops humilis, p.165
Choisya ternata, p.122
Cistus ladanifer, p.150
Colutea arborescens, p.139
Corokia x virgata
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142
Cytisus x spachianus
Elaeagnus pungens 'Maculata', p.119
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Erica arborea var. alpina, p.166
Erica cinerea 'Eden Valley', p.166
Escallonia 'Donard Beauty', p.154
Escallonia rubra 'Crimson Spire'
Euonymus japonicus

Euphorbia characias subsp. characias, p.147
Fabiana imbricata

Felicia amelloides 'Santa Anita', p.157
Fuchsia magellanica, p.154
Fuchsia 'Riccartonii', p.154

Genista hispanica, p.160

Genista tenera 'Golden Shower', p.116

Griselinia littoralis

Halimium lasianthum subsp. formosum,

p.161

Hebe 'White Gem', p.149
Helichrysum italicum
Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142
Hydrangea macrophylla and cvs,
pp.134-135

Lavatera x clementii 'Rosea', p.136
LAVENDERS, p.158

Leptospermum scoparium 'Red Damask',
p.123

Leycesteria formosa
Lonicera pileata, p.167
Lycium barbarum
Ole aria ilicifolia, p.130
Olearia macrodonta, p.132
Ozothamnus ledifolius, p.151
Parahebe perfoliata, p.271
Phillyrea latifolia
Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Pittosporum tobira
Pyracantha coccinea 'Lalandei'

Rhamnus alaternus 'Argenteovariegata'
Rosa rugosa, p.176
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Sambucus racemosa and cvs
Spartium junceum, p.140

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Spiraea japonica var. albiflora
Tamarix ramosissima, p.114
Ulex europaeus 'Flore Pleno'

Viburnum tinus
Yucca gloriosa, p.132

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Ercilla volubilis, p.192
Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus'

Fallopia baldschuanica, p.208
Garrya elliptica 'James Roof, p.2U
Hedera canariensis
Muehlenbeckia complexa
Schisandra rubriflora, p.202
Tripterygium regelii
Tropaeolum tuberosum var.

lineamaculatum 'Ken Aslef, p.207
Wisteria sinensis

PERENNIALS

Anaphalis margaritacea, p.231
Anchusa azurea 'Loddon Royalist', p.241
Artemisia ludhoviciana 'Valerie Finnis',
p.274

BELOW Coastal retreat

Dramatic agapanthus and architectural
phormiums are both ideal plants for
exposed coastal sites with mild winters.

Berkheya purpurea , p.269

Centaurea hypoleuca 'John Courts', p.265

Centranthus ruber, p.248

Crambe maritima, p.264

Dianella caerulea cassa blue ('Dbb03')

Echinacea purpurea, p.221

Erigeron 'Charity'

Eryngium variifolium, p.271
Euphorbia griffithii 'Fireglow', p.246
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson's form
Geranium sanguineum, p.340
Hedychium coccineum 'Tara', p.220
IRISES (some), pp.224-225
Leucanthemum x superbum

'Sonnenschein', p.231
Libertia ixioides 'Goldfinger', p.277
Myosotidium hortensia, p.271
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Osteospermum jucundum, p.265
Pericallis x hybrida
Phormium tenax
RED HOT POKERS, p.254
Romneya coulteri, p.216
SEDUM, p.279
Stachys byzantina, p.274
Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo', p.268
Verbascum 'Cotswold Beauty', p.246
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination',

p.220

YARROW, p.247

Grasses and bamboos

Ampelodesmos mauritanica, p.287
Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Carex flagellifera, p.289
Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Cortadera richardii, p.284
Cortaderia selloana spp., pp.284, 285
Elegia capensis, p.285
Eragrostis curvula 'Totnes Burgundy',
p.285

Miscanthus sinensis cvs, pp.285, 286
Panicum virgatum 'Northwind', p.289
Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails'

Pseudosasa japonica, p.287
Stipa tenuissima, p.288

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Antirrhinum majus and cvs, pp.306,

319, 320

Argyranthemum frutescens, p.298
Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla, p.316
Calendula officinalis and cvs, pp.321, 322,
325, 326

Clarkia amoena 'Sybil Sherwood', p.305
Coreopsis tinctoria, p.321
Cynoglossum amabile 'Firmament', p.315
Dianthus chinensis cvs, pp.305, 307
Dorotheanthus bellidiformis
Duranta erecta

Eschscholzia californica, p.326

Euphorbia characias subsp. characias

Achillea filipendulina 'Parker's Variety'

Armerla maritima 'Vindictive'

Eryngium variifolium

Felicia amelloides 'Santa Anita'

Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'

Gilia capitata, p.314
Lavatera trimestris cvs, pp.299, 305
Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Matthiola 'Giant Excelsior', p.303
Portulaca Margarita Series, p.324
Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp.
rosea, p.303

Senecio cineraria 'Silver Dust', p.315
Tagetes

ROCK PLANTS

Achillea clavennae, p.359
Aethionema grandiflorum, p.338
Armeria maritima 'Vindictive', p.365
Aubrieta deltoidea 'Argenteovariegata',
p.354

Dianthus deltoides
Draba aizoides
Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Origanum laevigatum, p.340
Oxalis enneaphylla
Parahebe catarractae, p.342
Phlox subulata 'Marjorie', p.365
Pulsatilla vulgaris, p.334
Saxifraga paniculata
Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco',
p.375

Sempervivum arachnoideum, p.377
Silene schafta, p.346
Thlaspi cepaeifolium subsp.
rotundifolium, p.352

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Agapanthus spp. and cvs, pp.240,

241, 242

Crinum spp. and cvs, pp.383, 385
CROCOSMIA, p.410
CROCUSES, p.417
DAFFODILS, pp.404-105
Eucharis amazonica, p.414
Galtonia candicans, p.383
Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs, pp.403,
407, 415
Hymenocallis

Nerine spp. and cvs, pp.413, 414
Scilla spp. and cvs, pp.413, 416, 420, 423
Sprekelia formosissima, p.402
TULIPS, pp.400-401
Veltheimia bracteata, p.414
Zantedeschia aethiopica

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Agonis flexuosa, p.450
Ficus macrophylla
Scheffiera actinophylla, p.452
Tabebuia chrysotricha, p.452

Shrubs

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Nerium oleander, p.455

Climbers

Bougainvillea glabra, p.462
Ficus pumila

Pandoreajasminoides, p.459
Pyrostegia venusta, p.464
Solandra maxima, p.464

Perennials

Anthurium andraeanum, p.470
Peperomia obtusifolia 'Variegata', p.474
Pilea cadierei, p.465
Tradescantia fluminensis

Cacti and succulents

AGAVE, p.482
Furcraea parmentieri
Lampranthus glaucoides

39

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

40

Trees and shrubs for exposed sites

In cold-climate gardens that are exposed to strong winter winds,
only the hardiest plants thrive without the protection of a windbreak.
Where providing one is not practical, it is essential to establish a
basic framework of trees, shrubs, and conifers that are fully hardy.
Carefully positioned within the garden, in groups, they provide
sheltered situations where less hardy plants can be grown, while
still retaining a degree of openness if desired.

Climbers and shrubs for shady walls

Against cold, north- or east-facing walls, it is essential to choose
climbers that grow naturally in shade or semishade. These provide
reliable and effective foliage cover, and some have attractive flowers.
A few climbing roses flower reasonably well in partially shaded
situations and, together with climbers and shrubs, add color to the
backs of borders. Shade-tolerant plants prefer moist, woodland-
type soils; when planting, dig in organic matter, such as leaf mold.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersle

TREES

Acer platanoides and cvs, pp.60, 67
Acer pseudoplatanus
Betula utilis var. jacquemontii
Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet',
p.84

Crataegus x lavallei 'Carrierei'

Fagus sylvatica and cvs, pp.61,64,

79

Fraxinus excelsior 'Jaspidea', p.60
Fraxinus ornus, p.71
Laburnum x watereri 'Vossii', p.84
Populus tremula
SORBUS (many), p.91
Tilia cordata

Conifers

Chamaecyparis nootkatensis
Chamaecyparis obtusa and cvs, pp.104,
105

Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea',
p.105

Juniperus communis 'Hibernica'
Juniperus x pfitzeriana and cvs, p.105
Picea breweriana, p.99
Pinus nigra subsp. nigra, p.98
Pinus sylvestris, p.78
Taxus baccata and cvs, pp.101,102,

105

Tsuga canadensis, p.102

SHRUBS

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376
Amorpha canescens
Berberis darwinii, p.lll
Berberis 'Rubrostilla', p.162
Berberis x stenophylla, p.127
Buddleja davidii 'Royal Red'

Calluna vulgaris and cvs, p.166
Chaenomeles cathayensis, p.142
Cornus alba 'Sibirica', p.143

ABOVE Vibrant fall color

Cotinus species and hybrids make a
dramatic statement in fall. They thrive
in full sun or partial shade, and tolerate
exposed sites.

Corylus maxima 'Purpurea', p.115
Cotinus coggygria 'Golden Spirit', p.116
Cotinus 'Flame', p.117
Cotoneaster 'Gnom'

Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster simonsii, p.143
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade',
p.140

Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142
Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp.

sieboldianus, p.142
Euonymus oxyphyllus, p.117
Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
LILACS, p.115
Lonicera pileata, p.167
Mahonia aquifolium, p.148
Philadelphus 'Beauclerk', p.127
Philadelphus 'Belle Etoile', p.128
Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken',
p.145

Pyracantha x watereri, p.128
Ribes sanguineum 'Edward VII',
p.146

Rubus thibetanus, p.143
Salix purpurea

Sambucus nigra 'Guincho Purple'
Spiraea japonica 'Albiflora'

Spiraea x vanhouttei, p.145
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii 'Hancock'
Ulex europaeus 'Flore Pleno'

Viburnum bitchiuense, p.122
Viburnum opulus 'Xanthocarpum'
Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143

SHRUBS

Azara microphylla, p.118
CAMELLIAS, pp.120-121
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei',

p.122

Chaenomeles x superba 'Rowallane',
p.147

Choisya ternata, p.122
Cotoneaster lacteus, p.117
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Daphne bholua 'Jacqueline Postin',
p.143

Drimys winteri, p.73
Eucryphia x nymansensis 'Nymansay',
p.73

Fatsia japonica
Jasminum nudiflorum, p.144
Mahonia japonica, p.144
Mahonia x media 'Charity', p.U8
Muehlenbeckia complexa
Osmanthus decorus
Pyracantha spp. and cvs, pp.U8,

128,141,144
Ribes laurifolium, p.165
Rosa 'Alberic Barbier', p.184
Rosa 'Madame Alfred Carriere',
p.184

Rosa 'Madame Gregoire Staechelin',
p.185

Rosa 'Maigold', p.187

Rosa the prince's trust ('Harholding'), p.186

Rosa white star ('Harquill'), p.184

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Akebia quinata, p.193
Berberidopsis corallina, p.202
Celastrus scandens
Clematis 'Frances Rivis', p.200
Cotoneaster horizontalis, p.208
Crinodendron hookerianum, p.202
Ercilla volubilis, p.192
Euonymus fortunei 'Coloratus',
Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen',
p.144

x Fatshedera lizei, p.211
Forsythia suspensa, p.195
Garrya elliptica 'James Roof', p.2U
Hedera colchica 'Dentata Variegata'
Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart', p.211
Hedera helix cvs, p.211
HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
Hydrangea petiolaris, p.195
Itea ilicifolia, p.211
Lapageria rosea, p.202
Parthenocissus spp. and cvs, pp.209, 210
Pileostegia viburnoides, p.196
Schisandra rubriflora, p.202
Schizophragma hydrangeoides, p.197
Schizophragma integrifolium, p.197

BELOW Green-themed shade bed

Hostas and acers thrive in the shady
conditions at the foot of sunless walls,
providing attractive foliage patterns.

Drought-tolerant plants

Hot, sunny locations and free-draining, sandy soils demand plants
that tolerate dry conditions. Drought-resistant plants will survive
the increasing number of long, dry periods that some areas are now
experiencing even in normally wet seasons. All the plants listed
here have adapted to thrive in arid conditions, and will need little
or no additional irrigation once established, but guard against
waterlogged clay soils, in which they will quickly decline and die.

TREES

Arbutus unedo, p.93
Eucalyptus gunnii, p.68
Gleditsia triacanthos
Ilex aquifolium, p.94
Olea europaea
Quercus suber ■ p.78
Rhus typhina

SHRUBS

Abutilon 'Ashford Red', p.137
Acacia dealbata, p.211
Artemisia abrotanum, p.165
Artemisia arborescens, p.165
Ballota pseudodictamnus, p.347
Ceanothus spp. and cvs, pp.129,138,

153,157,159,194, 205,

Ceratostigma griffithii
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow', p.146
Cistus spp. and cvs, pp.150,152,153,

154

Colletia paradoxa, p.131
Convolvulus cneorum, p.149
Cytisus spp. and cvs, pp.116,148
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Escallonia 'Donard Beauty', p.154
Euonymus hamiltonianus, p.142
Euonymus hamiltonianus subsp.

sieboldianus, p.142
Euonymus oxyphyllus , p.117
Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii,
p.147

Genista tenera 'Golden Shower', p.116
Hebe spp. and cvs, pp.151,152,153,

157,165

Helichrysum petiolare
Laurus nobilis , p.80
Lonicera nitida
Perovskia 'Blue Spire', p.159
Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Santolina spp., p.159
Spartium junceum, p.140
Yucca spp., pp.132,151

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Parthenocissus tricuspidata, p.209
Trachelospermum jasminoides , p.195
Vitis coignetiae, p.209

PERENNIALS

Agapanthus 'Northern Star', p.241
Agapanthus 'Phantom'

Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud', p.241
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
'Graskop', p.240
Anaphalis spp., p.231
Anthemis spp. and cvs, pp.243, 264
Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.216, 242,

274

Bergenia 'Beethoven', p.256
Bergenia 'Eric Smith'

Berkheya purpurea, p.269
Campanula persicifolia
CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266-267
Echinops bannaticus 'Taplow Blue',
p.241

Eremurus x isabellinus 'Cleopatra',

p.220

Eryngium pandanifolium
Erysimum 'Bowles's Mauve', p.261
Gaillardia 'Oranges and Lemons', p.277
Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat'), p.271
Geranium 'Orion', p.280
Hedychium coccineum 'Tara', p.220
Lamium maculatum spp., pp.254, 255
Libertia ixioides 'Goldfinger', p.277
Lychnis coronaria, p.268
Nepeta x faassenii, p.270
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
Osteospermum jucundum, p.265
Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
Phormium spp., p.216
RED HOT POKERS, p.254
SALVIA, p.250
Scabiosa caucasica
SEDUM, p.279
Sisyrinchium striatum, p.274
Stachys byzantina, p.274
Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo', p.268
Verbascum 'Cotswold Beauty', p.246
Verbascum 'Gainsborough', p.243
Verbena bonariensis, p.221
YARROW, p.247

Grasses and bamboos

Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287
Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Carex flagellifera, p.289
Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Cortadera richardii, p.284
Eragrostis curvula Totnes Burgundy',
p.285

Festuca glauca

Helictotrichon sempervirens, p.288
Miscanthus sinensis 'Flamingo', p.286
Miscanthus sinensis 'Yakushima Dwarf',
p.285

Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus,
'Cosmopolitan', p.285
Panicum virgatum 'Northwind', p.289
Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails'

Pennisetum alopecuroides
Schizostylis 'Mrs Hegarty'

Stipa tenuissima, p.288

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Cleome hassleriana 'Colour Fountain',
p.304

Crepis aurea, p.345
Gazania Kiss Series, p.324
Osteospermum ecklonis and cvs, pp.301,
311

PELARGONIUMS, p.309
Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp.
rosea, p.303

Zinnia spp. and cvs, pp.298, 306, 307,
316, 325

ROCK PLANTS

Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354,

355

Achillea clavennae, p.359
Armeria maritima 'Vindictive', p.365

Aubrieta deltoidea 'Argenteovariegata',
p.354

Dianthus deltoides
Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei', p.337
Hebe recurva, p.151
Parahebe catarractae, p.342
Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco',
p. 375

HOUSELEEKS, p.377

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium 'Gladiator', p.392
Allium 'Globemaster', p.392
Allium 'Mount Everest', p.385
Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group,
p.409

Allium oreophilum, p.418
Allium 'Purple Sensation', p.392
ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387
Anemone blanda 'Violet Star', p.418
Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
'Mr Fokker', p.403
Anemone ranunculoides, p.263
Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Bellavalia romana, p.399
Brodiaea 'Queen Fabiola'

Calochortus superbus, p.409
Chionodoxa forbesii, p.419
CROCOSMIA, p.410
CROCUSES, p.417
Cyclamen coum 'Maurice Dryden',
p.428

Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
DAHLIAS, pp.396-398
Fritillaria imperalis 'Lutea', p.382
Fritillaria persica 'Ivory Bells', p.382

ABOVE Water-wise gardening

Perovskia and Echinops 'Veitch's Blue'
can withstand periods of drought, while
still providing a spectacular display.

GLADIOLI, p.384
Gladiolus murielae
Hippeastrum 'Black Pearl'

Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs,
pp.403, 407, 415
Hymenocallis 'Sulphur Queen'
Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Iris reticulata and cvs
Muscari botryoides 'Album', p.415
Nerine bowdenii 'Nikita'

Ornithogalum nutans, p.399
Ornithogalum umbellatum, p.416
Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl',
p.385

Scilla bifolia

Scilla siberica 'Alba', p.416
Triteleia ixiodes 'Starlight', p.407
Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
TULIPS, pp.400-401
Watsonia meriana, p.385

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Plectranthus fructicosus 'James',
p.454

Cacti and succulents

AGAVES, p.482
ALOES, p.493
Echeveria montana
Furcraea parmentieri
Kalanchoe laetivirens

41

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

42

Plants for hedges and windbreaks

Plants for hedging are often selected for their ornamental qualities,
but there are other aspects to consider. Boundary hedges can
provide visual privacy, or screen unsightly buildings; they may also
be bushy or thorny to keep out animals or intruders. Make sure that
plants for screening will grow to the required height, and select
conifers or evergreen shrubs for year-round effect. In exposed sites,
trees and deciduous shrubs can be used as windbreaks; two or three
staggered rows are more effective than a single, closely planted one.

TREES

Arbutus unedo, p.93
Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata',
p.93

Crataegus monogyna
Fagus sylvatica, p.64
HOLLIES, p.94
Laurus nobilis, p.80
Melaleuca viridiflora van rubriflora
Nothofagus dombeyi, p.68
Nothofagus obliqua, p.63
Olea europaea

Populus x canadensis 'Robusta',

p.62

Prunus lusitanica
Umbellularia californica , p.69

Conifers

Abies grandis, p.98
Cedrus deodara, p.96
Cephalotaxus harringtonii
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
x Cuprocyparis 'Castlewellan',
p.99

Cupressus macrocarpa
Juniperus communis
Larix decidua, p.97
Picea omorika, p.98
Pinus nigra
Pinus radiata, p.98
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca,
p.96

Taxus baccata

Thuja plicata

Tsuga canadensis , p.102

SHRUBS

Berberis darwinii, p.lll
Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow',
p.137

Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa',
p.167

Choisya ternata, p.122
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Cotoneaster simonsii, p.143
Elaeagnus umbellata, p.113
Elaeagnus ebbingei
Escallonia 'Langleyensis'

Escallonia 'Donard Beauty', p.154
Euonymus japonicus 'Macrophyllus'

RIGHT Formal definition

In this mature garden, yew hedges form
green walls, providing shelter as well
as excellent structure. Boxwood hedges
give a formal edge to the flower beds.

Forsythia x intermedia cvs, p.127
Griselinia littoralis
Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142
HYDRANGEAS, p.134
LAVENDERS, p.158
Leptospermum scoparium and cvs,
pp.123,130

Ligustrum ovalifolium, p.119
Lonicera nitida

Pittosporum tenuifolium, p.120
Prunus laurocerasus

Forsythia x intermedia 'Beatrix Farrand'

Prunus lusitanica
Pyracantha x watereri, p.128
Rosa 'Celeste', p.173
Rosa 'Felicia', p.173
Rosa 'Fruhlingsmorgen'

Rosa gallica var. officinalis
Rosa gallica var. officinalis 'Versicolor',
p.174

Rosa glauca, p.176
Rosa graham thomas ('Ausmas'), p.176
Rosa 'Great Maiden's Blush', p.173
Rosa jacqueline du pre ('Harwanna'), p.172
Rosa 'Marguerite Hilling', p.173
Rosa moyesii 'Geranium', p.176
Rosa 'Nevada', p.173
Rosa 'Penelope', p.172
Rosa rugosa, p.176
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Tamarix ramosissima, p.114
Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143

PERENNIALS

Eupatorium purpureum
Filipendula camtschatica
Phormium tenax

Rosa gallica var. officinalis 'Versicolor'

Grasses and bamboos

Arundo donax

Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
Cortaderia selloana 'Sunningdale Silver',
p.284

Fargesia nitida

Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284, 285,
286

Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
288, 289

Pseudosasajaponica, p.287
Semiarundinaria fastuosa, p.287

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum, p.459
Metrosideros excelsa, p.450
Syzygium paniculatum, p.450

Shrubs

Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea', p.457
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Architectural plants

Plants that stand out and draw the eye with their strong, distinctive
appearance are termed "architectural" plants. They give character
and substance to a garden, and help to form the basic framework.
Most are trees, conifers, and shrubs, which provide a permanent
effect throughout the year, and they usually have a strong shape,
such as vertical or conical forms of conifer, or bear striking foliage,
such as giant-leaved gunneras and spiky phormiums.

TREES

Acer griseum, p.78
Betula utilis van jacquemontii and cvs,
p.78

Cordyline australis 'Atropurpurea', p.451

CORNUS (many), p.126

Eucalyptus spp., pp.67, 68, 79

Kalopanax septemlobus, p.74

Luma apiculata , p.78

MAGNOLIAS, p.70

Paulownia tomentosa, p.72

Phoenix canariensis

Quercus suber ■ p.78

Trachycarpus fortunei, p.80

Trochodendron aralioides, p.79

Conifers

Abies spp., pp.95, 96,100,104
Araucaria araucana, p.98
Calocedrus decurrens , p.101
Cedrus spp., pp.95, 96, 97,104
Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'William Pfitzer'
Metasequoia glyptostroboides, p.96
Picea glauca 'Coerulea', p.99
Picea pungens and cvs, pp.99,105
Pinus bungeana, p.78
Pinus densiflora
Pinus sylvestris , p.78
Pseudolarix amabilis, p.102
Sciadopitys verticillata , p.101
Taxodium distichum , p.99
Tsuga heterophylla

SHRUBS

Aesculus parviflora , p.113
Acer palmatum 'Shindeshojo', p.123
Colletia paradoxa , p.131
FLOWERING DOGWOODS, p.87
Cotoneaster x watereri 'John Waterer',
p.142

Daphniphyllum macropodum, p.lll
Eriobotrya japonica, p.194
Fatsiajaponica
Mahonia japonica , p.144
Mahonia x media and cvs, p.118
Olearia ilicifolia, p.130
Olearia macrodonta , p.132
Parkinsonia aculeata
Rhus typhina 'Dissecta', p.117
Yucca spp., pp.132,151

CLIMBERS

Schizophragma spp., p.197
Vitis coignetiae , p.209
WISTERIA, p.205

PERENNIALS

Acanthus mollis 'Hollard's Gold', p.219
Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Angelica archangelica , p.219
Astelia chathamica, p.242
Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana, p.278
Berkheya macrocephala , p.243
Cynara cardunculus , p.216
Echinops bannaticus 'Taplow Blue',
p.241

Eremurus x isabellinus 'Cleopatra', p.220
Eryngium pandanifolium

Euphorbia characias subsp. characias,
p.147

Hedychium coccineum 'Tara', p.220
HOSTAS (many), pp.272-273
Kniphofia caulescens , p.254
Kniphofia northiae, p.254
Ligularia 'Britt Marie Crawford', p.445
Ligularia 'The Rocket', p.219
Mathiasella bupleroides 'Green Dream',
p.242

Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
Phormium 'Dazzler', p.216
Rodgersia pinnata 'Fireworks'

Rudbeckia maxima , p.251
Verbascum olympicum, p.219

Grasses and bamboos

Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287
Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
Chusquea culeou, p.288
Cortadera richardii , p.284
Cortaderia selloana and cvs, pp.284, 285
Elegia capensis, p.285
Miscanthus sinensis and cvs, pp.284, 285,
286

Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
'Transparent', p.286
Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
288, 289

Thamnocalamus crassinodus 'Kew
Beauty', p.286

Ferns

Asplenium scolopendrium
Marginatum Group, p.292
Blechnum tabulare
Dicksonia antarctica, p.290
Polystichum munitum, p.293
Woodwardia radicans

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Alcea rosea

Amaranthus spp. and cvs, pp.307, 308
BEGONIAS, p.317
Calomeria amaranthoides
Onopordum acanthium, p.304
Silybum marianum , p.304

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Arisaema consanguineum, p.393
Arum creticum , p.407
CANNAS, p.394
Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
CROCOSMIA, p.410
Dracunculus vulgaris , p.386
GLADIOLI, p.384
Sauromatum venosum, p.403
Zantedeschia aethiopica

WATER PLANTS

Darmera peltata, p.438
Eichhornia crassipes, p.441
Gunnera manicata, p.443
Ligularia spp., p.445
Lysichiton americanus, p.444
Matteuccia struthiopteris , p.443
Orontium aquaticum, p.444
Pontederia cordata , p.441

Agave americana 'Marginata'

Yucca gloriosa

Rheum palmatum 'Atrosanguineum',
p.439

Sagittaria latifolia, p.434
Thalia dealbata

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Dracaena draco, p.451
Jacaranda mimosifolia, p.451
Washingtonia robusta, p.451

Shrubs

Cycas revoluta, p.457
Protea cynaroides, p.454

Climbers

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen',
p.460

Monstera deliciosa, p.463

Perennials

Cyathea australis , p.452
Ensete ventricosum, p.474

ABOVE Architectural beauty

A tropical effect is created by dramatic
Phoenix canariensis and the vibrant
leaves of Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra'.

GINGERS, p.477
Heliconia psittacorum , p.478
Platycerium bifurcatum ,
p.479

Puya chilensis, p.471
Strelitzia reginae, p.476

Cacti and succulents

Aeonium tabuliforme , p.491
AGAVES, p.482
ALOES (most), p.493
Carnegiea gigantea, p.492
Cereus spp., p.488
Cyphostemma juttae, p.487
Euphorbia candelabrum
Furcraea parmentieri
Opuntia spp., pp.481, 483, 486, 488,
494, 496

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

44

Plants for quick cover

In gardens with steep banks, large spaces that are impractical
to sod or cultivate, or areas that have become neglected, or if
there is little time for maintenance, plants that have good ground¬
covering qualities provide a practical solution. Their rapid, dense,
leafy or twiggy growth helps to suppress weeds, while creating
a decorative blanket of flowers and foliage. Old walls, fences, or
screens masking utility areas that also need a quick disguise can
be covered with vigorous climbers, such as ivy ( Hedera ). Always
select plants that are suitable for the soil conditions.

CONIFERS

Juniperus conferta

SHRUBS

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens , p.159
Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142
Cotoneaster 'Gnom'

Cotoneaster 'Skogholm'

Gaultheria shallon, p.154
Hypericum calycinum , p.161

BELOW A tapestry of green shades

The strappy leaves of gardener's garters
(Phalaris arundinacea var. picta ) provide
excellent groundcover.

Rubus tricolor

Stephanandra incisa 'Crispa'
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus 'Follis
Variegatis’, p.160

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211
Hydrangea petiolaris , p.195
Lonicera japonica cvs, p.207
Trachelospermum jasminoides, p.195

PERENNIALS

Alchemilla mollis, p.275
Anemone tomentosa

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana, p.264

Campanula punctata
Campanula takesimana, p.241
Chelidonium majus 'Flore Pleno', p.227
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256
Duchesnea indica

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae, p.262
Geranium 'Orion', p.280
Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269
Geranium x oxonianum 'Claridge Druce'
Glechoma hederacea 'Variegata', p.277
Lamium maculatum and cvs, pp.254, 255
LUNGWORTS, p.261
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Osteospermum jucundum, p.265
PERSICARIA, p.234
Prunella grandiflora 'Pink Loveliness'
Stachys byzantina, p.274
Symphytum x uplandicum 'Variegatum',
p.227

Grasses and Bamboos

Carex flagellifera, p.289
Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe Tatra', p.288
Phalaris arundinacea var. picta

Ferns

Dryopteris dilatata
Polystichum aculeatum
Polystichum setiferum Groups, p.291

Pulmonaria 'Lewis Palmer'

Geranium macrorrhizum

Alchemilla mollis

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Petunia Wave Purple'

Portulaca grandiflora Series and cvs
Sanvitalia procumbens, p.322
Satureja douglasii
Tropaeolum majus Series and cvs,
pp.307, 323, 327

ROCK PLANTS

Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica and cvs,
pp.347, 352

Asarum europaeum, p.375
Aubrieta deltoidea 'Argenteovariegata',
p.354

Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Cerastium tomentosum, p.350
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345

Persicaria affinis 'Donald Lowndes',
p.365

Persicaria vacciniifolia, p.373
Phlox douglasii and cvs, pp.365, 366
Phuopsis stylosa
Saxifraga stolonifera
Tiarella cordifolia, p.333
Waldsteinia ternata, p.372

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Perennials

Heterocentron elegans

Campanula poscharskyana

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana

Persicaria affinis 'Donald Lowndes'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Groundcover plants for shade

An area that is shaded for some or most of the day may be
regarded by some gardeners as a problem space, when in
fact it should be viewed as an opportunity to experiment with
a different, and often an equally exciting, range of plants. The
following groundcover plants will provide a wealth of colorful
flowers and foliage, and may be planted in even deep shade,
provided the soil is reasonably fertile. Where the shade is
caused by trees and large shrubs, the soil will also be very
dry. Keep new plants well watered during their first year
until established.

SHRUBS

Cotoneaster conspicuus, p.142
Cotoneaster 'Gnom'

Cotoneaster 'Herbstfeuer'

Daphne laureola subsp. philippi, p.147

Epigaea asiatica

Euonymus fortunei 'Kewensis'

Gaultheria shallon, p.154
Hypericum calycinum, p.161
Leucothoe fontanesiana
Lonicera pileata, p.167
Mahonia aquifolium, p.148
Mahonia repens
Paxistima canbyi

Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken', p.145
Rubus tricolor
Ruscus hypoglossum, p.167
Sarcococca confusa, p.142
Sarcococca humilis, p.164
Vinca spp., pp.164,165

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Hedera spp. and cvs, p.211

PERENNIALS

Acanthus spinosus, p.239

Ajuga pyramidalis

Ajuga reptans 'Atropurpurea'

Alchemilla mollis, p.275

Anemone apennina

Anemone tomentosa

Arisarum proboscideum

Asarum caudatum

Astrantia maxima, p.278

Brunnera macrophylla

Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost', p.261

Chelidonium majus 'Flore Pleno', p.227

Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256

Convallaria majalis, p.255

Dicentra formosa

Dicentra spectabilis, p.223

Duchesnea indica

Epimedium epsteinii, p.260

Epimedium 'Amber Queen', p.263

Epimedium davidii

Epimedium perralderianum

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae,

p.262

Galium odoratum, p.263
Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269
Geranium renardii, p.264
Glechoma hederacea 'Variegata', p.277
HEUCHERA, p.282
HOSTAS (some), pp.272-273
Hypsela reniformis

Lamium maculatum and cvs, pp.254, 255
Liriope muscari, p.280
LUNGWORTS, p.261
Meehania urticifolia
Omphalodes cappadocica
Pachyphragma macrophyllum
Plectranthus oertendahlii
Symphytum grandiflorum
Tellima grandiflora Rubra Group, p.279

Tolmiea menziesii
Vancouveria hexandra

Grasses and bamboos

Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe Tatra', p.288
Phalaris arundinacea var. picta

Ferns

Adiantum venustum, p.292
Athyrium spp. and cvs, p.290
Blechnum penna-marina, p.290
Blechnum spicant

Polypodium cambricum 'Richard Kayse',
p.293

Polypodium vulgare and cvs, p.291
Polystichum setiferum Groups, pp.291

ROCK PLANTS

Asarina procumbens, p.371
Asarum europaeum, p.375
Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Cardamine trifolia, p.348
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides, p.346
Cornus canadensis, p.360
Galax urceolata, p.336
Geranium sanguineum, p.340
Homogyne alpina
Maianthemum bifolium, p.348
Mitchella repens
Pachysandra terminalis, p.375
Persicaria affmis 'Donald Lowndes',
p.365

Prunella grandiflora, p.368

Saxifraga stolonifera

Saxifraga x urbium

Tiarella cordifolia, p.333

Viola riviniana Purpurea Group p.355

Waldsteinia ternata, p.372

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Perennials

Elatostema repens
Fittonia albivenis

RIGHT A covering in shade

Ferns, hostas, and heucheras fill the
space and offer interesting textures
and contrasts in shady corners.

Astrantia maxima

Geranium sanguineum

Convallaria majalis

Epimedium 'Amber Queen'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

46

Groundcover plants for sun

Many plants grow naturally in dry, sunny conditions. Some have
developed foliage characteristics to minimize moisture loss from
their leaves; others are densely branched, keeping the soil surface
shaded and cool. Most have extensive root systems that penetrate
deeply to find moisture. These plants are adapted to well-drained
soils; in poorly drained situations, they may not survive prolonged
wet conditions. Although adapted to poorer, dry soils, young
plants may have been grown in richer potting medium and well
watered, so when planting, incorporate organic matter, such as
leaf mold or coir, and water in dry weather until well established.

CONIFERS

Juniperus communis 'Prostrate'

Juniperus horizontal^ 'Wiltonii'

Juniperus squamata 'Blue Carpet', p.105
Microbiota decussata, p.105
Picea abies 'Inversa'

SHRUBS

Arctostaphylos nevadensis
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376
Berberis wilsoniae

Brachyglottis Dunedin Hybrids 'Sunshine'
Calluna vulgaris 'White Lawn'

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens, p.159
Cotoneaster cashmiriensis
Cotoneaster 'Skogholm'

Cytisus x beanii, p.335

Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus

Ephedra gerardiana

Erica carnea 'Springwood White', p.166
Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety'
Euonymus fortunei 'Kewensis'

Gaultheria myrsinoides
Genista hispanica, p.160
x Halimiocistus sahucii, p.149
Hebe carnosula
Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei', p.337
Hebe 'Youngii'

Hypericum calycinum, p.161
LAVENDERS, p.158
Leiophyllum buxifolium
Leptospermum rupestre, p.151
Potentilla fruticosa 'Abbotswood', p.149
Rosmarinus officinalis 'Prostratus'

Salix repens, p.147
Santolina spp., p.159
Stephanandra incisa 'Crispa'
Symphoricarpos x chenaultii 'Hancock'
Ulex europaeus 'Flore Pleno'

Vinca major 'Variegate'

CLIMBERS

Hedera colchica 'Dentate Variegate'
Hedera helix spp. and cvs, p.2U
Lathyrus latifolius, p.201

PERENNIALS

Alchemilla mollis, p.275

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana, p.264

Artemisia alba 'Canescens'

Aster ericoides f. prostratus 'Snowflurry'
Bergenia 'Beethoven', p.256
Bergenia 'Eric Smith'

Campanula takesimana, p.241
Centaurea montana, p.269
Euphorbia polychroma, p.262
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson's form
Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat'), p.271
Geranium 'Orion', p.280
Geranium sanguineum, p.340
Hypericum spp.

Lysimachia punctata, p.243
Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Nepeta x faassenii, p.270
Origanum vulgare 'Aureum', p.274

Osteospermum jucundum, p.265
Persicaria bisorta 'Superba', p.234
Phlomis russeliana, p.243
SEDUM, p.279
Stachys byzantina, p.274
Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo', p.268
Veronica prostrata and cvs, p.343
Waldsteinia ternata, p.372

Grasses and bamboos

Chionochloa rubra, p.285

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Calibrachoa Cabaret Series cabaret apricot
('Balcabapt')

Calibrachoa Cabaret Series light pink
('Balcablitpi'), p.300
Calibrachoa Million Bells Series million
bells cherry pink ('Sunbelrichipi'), p.306
Dichondra argentea 'Silver Falls'
Dichondra repens Emerald Falls'
Lantana montevidensis, p.310
Tropaeolum spp. and cvs, pp.307, 323, 327

ROCK PLANTS

Acaena microphylla, p.374
Antennaria dioica var. rosea, p.351
Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica
'Variegate', p.347

Armeria maritima Vindictive', p.365
Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354, 355
Aurinia saxatilis and cvs, p.335
Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Dianthus gratianopolitanus, p.363
Dryas octopetala, p.361
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345,

Hypericum olympicum
Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue', p.343
Nierembergia repens, p.361
Phlox douglasii 'Crackerjack', p.365
Phuopsis stylosa, p.338
Thymus 'Bressingham', p.365
Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366
Veronica prostrata 'Kapitan'

BOG PLANTS

Rheum palmatum 'Atrosanguineum',
p.439

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Climbers

Kennedia rubicunda
Pyrostegia venusta

Perennials

Centropogon cordifolius
Heterocentron elegans

RIGHT Purple and yellow display

Aubrietia deltoides and Aurinia saxatilis
provide a bright display of ground¬
covering color in sun.

Centaurea montana

Osteospermum jucundum

Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana
'Sulphurea'

Tropaeolum majus Alaska Series

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Plants for dry shade

Dry, shady conditions persist under evergreen trees throughout the
year, and although very little moisture penetrates the soil beneath
the leaf canopy of deciduous trees, except during prolonged rainfall,
a few early-flowering bulbs, such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides
non-scripta), and woodland plants grow naturally there, dying
down as the trees resume growth in spring. In gardens, dry shade
occurs under larger, low-branched trees or where eaves extend
over borders. Plant in the fall so that roots are well established by
the following spring, and fertilize regularly and water during dry
weather until the plants are established.

Euphorbia amygdaloides van robbiae,

p.262

Geranium macrorrhizum, pp.269, 223
Iris foetidissima, p.225
Lamium maculatum
Lunaria rediviva
LUNGWORTS, p.261
Pachysandra terminalis , p.375
Polygonatum x hybridum, p.223
Scopolia carniolica, p.260
Symphytum 'Goldsmith'

Symphytum ibericum
Tellima grandiflora
Tolmiea menziesii
Viola riviniana 'Purpurea'

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Berberidopsis corallina, p.202
Celastrus orbiculatus
Cotoneaster horizontalis, p.208
Hedera canariensis
Hedera helix and cvs, p.211
Lapageria rosea, p.202
Lonicera japonica 'Halliana'

Lonicera periclymenum and cvs, p.207

PERENNIALS

Acanthus mollis 'Hollard's Gold', p.219
Acanthus spinosus, p.239
Ajuga reptans cvs

RIGHT Oceans of blue

English bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-
scripta) are perfect plants for dry shade,
producing a carpet of blue flowers.

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Camassia quamash, p.4U
Colchicum autumnale, p.426
Cyclamen coum 'Maurice Dryden', p.428
Cyclamen coum Pewter Group, p.429
DAFFODILS, pp.404-405
Galanthus 'Hill Poe', p.427
Galanthus woronowii, p.428
Haemanthus albiflos
Hyacinthoides x massartiana , p.403
Hyacinthoides non-scripta, p.403
Incarvillea delavayi, p.265
Scilla siberica 'Alba', p.416

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Climbers

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen',
p.460

Cissus striata

Perennials

Achimenes

Chirita

Clivia miniata, p.476
Nephrolepsis exaltata
Pteris cretica

Tradescantia zebrina 'Quadricolor'

Cotoneoster horizontalis

Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna

TREES

HOLLIES, p.94

Conifers

Taxus baccata 'Adpressa'

Taxus cuspidata, p.104
Tsuga canadensis, p.102

SHRUBS

Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow', p.137
Berberis valdiviana, p.lll
Buxus sempervirens
Choisya ternata, p.122
Cotoneaster salicifolius, p.142
Daphne laureola and forms
Elaeagnus x ebbingei
Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald Gaiety'
Euonymus japonicus
Fatsia japonica
Gaultheria shallon, p.154
Hypericum calycinum, p.161
Hypericum x inodorum 'Elstead', p.161
Hypericum x moserianum
Lonicera pileata, p.167
Mahonia aquifolium, p.148
Mahonia x media and cvs, p.118
Osmanthus decorus
Osmanthus delavayi, p.110
Pachysandra terminalis, p.375
Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken', p.145
Prunus laurocerasus 'Zabeliana', p.145
Prunus lusitanica
Rubus tricolor
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167
Ruscus hypoglossum, p.167
Sambucus nigra 'Guincho Purple'
Sarcococca humilis, p.164
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus, p.142
Vaccinium angustifolium var. laevifolium,
p.163

Viburnum rhytidophyllum, p.112
Viburnum tinus

Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143
Vinca major
Vinca minor, p.165

Alchemilla mollis, p.275
Anemone tomentosa
Aster divaricatus, p.249
Campanula persicifolia
Chelidonium majus 'Flore Pleno',
p.227

Corydalis lutea, p.344
Digitalis purpurea

Doronicum x excelsum 'Harpur Crewe'
Epimedium spp. and cvs, pp.254, 260,
262, 263

Grasses and bamboos

Carex flagellifera, p.289

Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe Tatra', p.288

Ferns

Asplenium ceterach, p.293
Asplenium scolopendrium, p.292
Cyrtomium falcatum, p.291
Dryopteris filix-mas, p.293
Polypodium vulgare, p.291
Polystichum aculeatum

Geranium phaeum

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for moist shade

In areas with high rainfall, the soil in parts of the garden that receive
little or no sun may be cool and moist throughout the year. Low-
lying gardens with a high water table or drainage problems may
also have shady, permanently damp areas. Similar conditions occur
along the margins of natural streams, or when an artificial bog is
created beside a garden pond. Take advantage of these situations to
grow plants such as broad-leaved hostas, ferns, and taller moisture-
loving primulas. Plant in spring, enriching lighter soils with well-rotted
organic matter. Water during extended dry periods, if necessary.

TREES

Acer spp. and cvs, pp.60, 62, 65, 66, 67,
73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 84, 85, 88, 89, 90,
91, 92,115,117,123,138,156
Betula nigra , p.78
Stewartia pseudocamellia, p.78
Stewartia sinensis, p.78

SHRUBS

Anopterus glandulosus, p.110
Cassiope lycopodioides, p.349
Clethra arborea
Crataegus laevigata 'Punicea'

Cyathodes colensoi, p.346
Danae racemosa

Golonthus elwesii

Disanthus cercidifolius, p.141
Gaultheria procumbens, p.373
Kalmia latifolia, p.136
Ledum groenlandicum, p.145
Leucothde fontanesiana
Lindera benzoin, p.127
Lyonia ligustrina
Myrica gale, p.162
Neillia thibetica, p.133
Paeonia ludlowii, p.229
Paeonia rockii
Paxistima canbyi

Pieris formosa var. forrestii 'Wakehurst',
p.137

Prunus laurocerasus

Passiflora coccinea

RHODODENDRONS, pp.124-125
Ruscus aculeatus, p.167
Salix exigua, p.112
Salix magnifica

Sarcococca spp. and cvs, pp.142,164
Skimmia japonica, p.164
Spiraea japonica 'A1 biflora'
Symphoricarpos albus var. laevigatus,
p.142

Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142,162
Viburnum 'Pragense', p.131
Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price', p.143

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Akebia quinata, p.193
Asteranthera ovata
Garrya elliptica 'James Roof, p.211
Humulus lupulus 'Aureus', p.194
Hydrangea petiolaris, p.195
Lonicera tragophylla, p.207
Pileostegia viburnoides, p.196
Schizophragma integrifolium, p.197

PERENNIALS

Aconitum 'Stainless Steel', p.241
Actaea pachypoda, p.246
Anemone x hybrida cvs, pp.220, 222
Anthurium scherzerianum
Asarum europaeum, p.375
Astelia chathamica, p.242
Astrantia major and cvs, pp.238, 278
Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana,
p.278

Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256,

280

Brunnera macrophylla and cvs, p.261
Calanthe striata, p.275
Cardamine pentaphyllos, p.260
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum,
p.256

Cimicifuga racemosa
Convallaria majalis, p.255
Cortusa matthioli, p.341
Cyathodes colensoi, p.346
Deinanthe caerulea
Dianella caerulea cassa blue ('Dbb03'),
p.283

Digitalis x mertonensis
Epigaea gaultherioides, p.351
Hacquetia epipactis, p.356
Hedyotis michauxii, p.369
Helleborus x hybridus, p.281
HEUCHERA AND x HEUCHERELLA,

p.282

HOSTAS, pp.272-273
Jeffersonia diphylla, p.333
Kirengeshoma palmata, p.251
Lamium maculatum
Lathraea clandestina, p.260
Ligularia The Rocket', p.219
Lithophragma parviflorum, p.332
Mitella breweri, p.371
Omphalodes cappadocica and cvs,
pp.261, 334

Pachysandra terminalis, p.375
Polygonatum x hybridum, p.223
Pratia pedunculata, p.369
PRIMULAS (many), pp.257-259
Prunella grandiflora, p.368
Rodgersia pinnata 'Fireworks', p.234
Tiarella cordifolia, p.333
Trillium grandiflorum, p.255
Uvularia grandiflora, p.262
Vancouveria hexandra

LEFT Fresh, cool greens

Ferns and large-leaved hostas, seen here
with blue Corydalis flexuosa, flourish in
cool, moist shade.

Grasses and bamboos

Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Chimonobambusa timidissinoda, p.287
Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', p.285
Phyllostachys spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287,
288, 289

Thamnocalamus crassinodus 'Kew
Beauty', p.286

Ferns

Athyrium 'Ghost', p.290
Athyrium niponicum, p.290
Athyrium niponicum var. pictum
'Burgundy Lace', p.290
Blechnum tabulare
Cyathea medullaris
Dicksonia antarctica, p.290
Lygodium japonicum
Osmunda claytoniana
Polypodium cambricum 'Richard Kayse',
p.293

Polystichum munitum, p.293
Woodwardia radicans

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

BEGONIAS, p.317

Impatiens walleriana and cvs, p.307

Satureja douglasii

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Arisaema spp., p.393, 406, 408, 412, 422
Arisarum proboscideum
Arum italicum 'Marmoratum', p.421
Camassia leichtlinii, p.383
Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Galanthus elwesii, p.427
Galanthus nivalis and cvs, pp.427, 428
Galanthus plicatus subsp. plicatus
Leucojum vernum, p.414

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Aruncus dioicus, p.436
Darmera peltata, p.438
Leucojum aestivum, p.436
Ligularia 'Britt Marie Crawford', p.445
Matteuccia struthiopteris, p.443
Onoclea sensibilis, p.443

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Climbers

Dioscorea discolor
Passiflora coccinea, p.462
Thunbergia mysorensis, p.464

Perennials

Alpinia hainanensis, p.477
Alpinia purpurata, p.477
Aspidistra spp. and cvs
Calathea zebrina, p.475
Caulokaempferia petelotii
Cornukaempferia aurantiflora 'Jungle
Gold', p.477

Curcuma petiolata, p.477
Curcuma zedoaria, p.477
Cyathea australis, p.452
Dichorisandra reginae, p.473
Hemiorchis patlingii
Lysionotus pauciflorus
Maranta leuconeura 'Erythroneura',
p.475

Peliosanthes arisanensis, p.472
Ponerorchis hybrids
Ruellia devosiana, p.465
Selaginella martensii, p.478
Streptocarpus spp. and cvs, pp.465,

469, 473

Xanthosoma sagittifolium, p.474
Zingiber mioga

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Shrubs preferring wall protection

Walls can provide favorable growing conditions for shrubs,
especially evergreens, that are borderline hardy for the region.
Some winter-flowering shrubs also bloom more reliably and
freely when given wall protection. The best wall-side situations
are warm and sunny, and provide good shelter from cold winds
in winter and early spring. The warmth from heat loss through
house walls, and the well-drained conditions near the base
of walls, also assist the survival of slightly tender shrubs that
dislike damp soil.

Plants for paving and wall crevices

In mountainous regions, many alpine plants grow in deep cracks
and crevices in the rock. Some are clump-forming or trailing in
habit; others, such as saxifrages and sempervivums, grow as
rosettes extending by means of runners. If laying paving, leave
crevices for small plants, but restrict planting to little-used areas
where they can survive. When building stone retaining walls, tilt
slabs slightly backward to create deep pockets, and plant them
as the wall is being constructed. Most wall plants thrive in sunny
situations, but ramondas and most small ferns prefer moist shade.

SHRUBS

Abelia floribunda
Abutilon 'Ashford Red', p.137
Abutilon vitifolium Victoria Tennant',
p.114

Acacia podalyriifolia
Acacia pravissima, p.92
Acca sellowiana, p.203
Aloysia triphylla, p.132
Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.165, 216,
242, 274

Azara microphylla 'Variegata', p.119
Buddleja asiatica
Cantua buxifolia, p.146
Ceanothus impressus, p.138
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei',

p.122

Chimonanthus praecox, p.144
Cytisus x spachianus
Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata',
p.164

Drimys winteri, p.73
Elsholtzia stauntonii
Escallonia Tveyi', p.112
Lagerstroemia indica
Leptospermum scoparium 'Red
Damask', p.123

Leptospermum scoparium 'Snow
White', p.130
Lonicera fragrantissima
Melianthus major ■ p.145
Myrtus communis, p.122

Leptospermum scoparium 'Red Damask'

Melianthus major

Olearia x scilloniensis
Osteomeles schweriniae, p.129
Robinia hispida, p.133
Rosa 'Mermaid', p.182
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
SALVIAS, p.155
Vestia foetida, p.194

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Abutilon megapotanicum, p.203
Azara serrata, p.195
Buddleja crispa, p.204
Callistemon citrinus 'Splendens',
p.203

Carpenteria californica, p.197
Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca,
p.195

Dendromecon rigida, p.206
Fabiana imbricata f. violacea, p.204
Fremontodendron 'California Glory',

p.206

Garrya elliptica
Itea ilicifolia, p.211
Piptanthus nepalensis, p.206
Solanum crispum 'Glasnevin',
p.204

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Iochroma australe, p.138
Iochroma cyaneum, p.457
Tibouchina urvilleana, p.457

Garrya eliptica

Abutilon megapotamicum

PERENNIALS

AQUILEGIAS, p.226
Geum 'Bell Bank', p.268
Ourisia coccinea, p.269

Grasses and bamboos

Carex flagellifera, p.289
Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', p.285
Stipa tenuissima, p.288

Ferns

Asplenium ceterach, p.293
Polypodium cambricum 'Richard Kayse',
p.293

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS
(FOR PAVING)

Ageratum houstonianum
Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Lobelia erinus cvs, pp.311, 314
Lobularia maritima
Malcolmia maritima, p.304
Nemophila maculata, p.299
Nemophila menziesii, p.314
Portulaca grandiflora Series and cvs,
p.324

ROCK PLANTS

Acaena microphylla, p.374
Acantholimon glumaceum, p.363
Achillea x kellereri, p.360
Aethionema 'Warley Rose', p.362
Androsace sarmentosa
Antennaria dioica

Armeria maritima 'Vindictive', p.365
Artemisia schmidtiana 'Nana', p.374
Aubrieta spp. and cvs, pp.353, 354, 355

ABOVE A wall of bright color

Geranium 'Johnson's Blue' and
Helianthemum 'Cerise Queen'
tumble over a dry-stone wall.

Aurinia saxatilis and cvs, p.335
Campanula cochleariifolia, p.369
Campanula poscharskyana, p.367
Chamaemelum nobile
Chiastophyllum oppositifolium, p.335
Cyananthus microphyllus, p.369
Cymbalaria muralis
Dianthus deltoides 'Leuchtfunk', p.365
Draba aizoides
Dryas octopetala, p.361
Erigeron karvinskianus, p.363
Erinus alpinus, p.352
Gypsophila repens and cvs, p.362
Haberlea rhodopensis 'Virginalis', p.359
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 338,
337, 340, 344, 345
HOUSELEEKS, p.377
Hypericum olympicum
Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue', p.343
Mazus reptans, p.351
Mentha requienii
Nierembergia repens, p.361
Parahebe lyallii

Phlox douglasii 'Crackerjack', p.365
Physoplexis comosa (wall only), p.366
Ramonda myconi (wall only), p.369
Saxifraga cotyledon
Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco',
p.375

Thymus 'Bressingham', p.365
Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366
Vitaliana primuliflora, p.358

49

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Plants for containers

Containers packed with foliage and flowers can brighten patios,
decks, and balconies. Large containers are best in sunny, sheltered
sites, as they retain more moisture than small ones. Small trees,
conifers, or shrubs, together with perennials, give long-term interest
with their foliage and forms, and periods of flowering. For colorful
displays, plant spring-flowering bulbs, followed by summer bedding,
which will flower from late spring to the first frost.

TREES

Acernegundo

Crataegus laevigata and cvs, p.84
Eucalyptus (when young), pp.67, 68,
78,79

HOLLIES, p.94
Laurus nobilis , p.80
Malus x arnoldiana , p.82
Malus x magdeburgensis, p.83
Melia azederach, p.71
Olea europaea

BELOW Springtime tulips

Terra-cotta containers planted in late
fall with single and double tulip bulbs
make a colorful, elegant display the
following spring.

Conifers

DWARF CONIFERS, pp.104-105

SHRUBS

Buxus sempervirens and cvs, pp.144,167
Choisya ternata, p.122
HARDY FUCHSIAS, p.154
Hebe cupressoides and cvs, pp.165, 347
HYDRANGEAS, pp.134-135
LAVENDERS, p.158
Myrtus communis, p.122
Pittosporum tenuifolium Tom Thumb',
p.164

RHODODENDRONS (most), pp.124-125
ROSES (all patio varieties)

Santolina pinnata subsp. neapolitana,
p.159

Viburnum tinus and cvs, p.143

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

CLEMATIS (small cvs), pp.198-200
Cobaea scandens, p.204
Eccremocarpus scaber, p.208
Hedera helix and cvs, p.211
HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
Ipomoea hederacea, p.204
Ipomoea lobata, p.202
Ipomoea tricolor 'Heavenly Blue', p.205
Jasminum humile and cvs, pp.139, 206
Jasminum polyanthum, p.208
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201,

202, 301

Passiflora caerulea, p.204
Tropaeolum speciosum, p.202

PERENNIALS

Agapanthus 'Northern Star', p.241
Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud', p.241
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
'Graskop', p.240
Astelia chathamica, p.242
Bergenia spp. and cvs, pp.255, 256, 280
DAYLILIES, pp.244—245
Dianella caerulea cassa blue ('Dbb03'), p.283
Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat'), p.271
HEUCHERA and x HEUCHERELLA,

p.282

HOSTAS, pp.272-273
LUNGWORTS, p.261

Phormium 'Dazzler', p.216
PRIMULAS, pp.257-259
Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii
'Goldsturm', p.251
SALVIA, p.250
Schizostylis 'Mrs Hegarty'

Sedum 'Bertram Anderson' and
'Ruby Glow', p.279
Stachys (some)

Verbena (some)

Grasses and bamboos

Carex flagellifera, p.289
Chionochloa rubra, p.285
Elegia capensis, p.285
Eragrostis curvula 'Totnes Burgundy',
p.285

Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', p.285
Miscanthus sinensis 'Yakushima Dwarf',
p.285

Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails'

Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum'

Ferns

Adiantum (most)

Asplenium scolopendrium Marginatum
Group, p.292

Polypodium vulgare 'Cornubiense', p.291
Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum
Group, p.291

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Ageratum houstonianum and cvs
Antirrhinum spp. and cvs, pp.313, 314
Argyranthemum spp. and cvs, pp.298,
300, 319

Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla, p.316
BEGONIAS, p.317
Bidens 'Gold Star', p.319
Brachyscome 'Strawberry Mousse',
p.300

Calendula officinalis series and cvs,
pp.321, 322, 325, 326
Calibrachoa Series and cvs, pp.300, 306
Callistephus chinensis Series and cvs,
pp.303, 304, 312

Catharanthus roseus and cvs, pp.298,
300, 306

Coreopsis 'Rum Punch', p.326
Cosmos atrosanguineus and cvs,
pp.238, 306

Cuphea x purpurea 'Firecracker', p.306
Diascia little dancer ('Pendan'), p.301
Dichondra argentea 'Silver Falls'
Dichondra repens 'Emerald Falls'
Duranta erecta 'Gold Edge', p.319
Erysimum cheiri 'Treasure Red'
FUCHSIAS, p.302

Glandularia x hybrida series, pp.303, 307
Helichrysum petiolare, p.165
HOUSELEEKS, p.377
Impatiens spp. and cvs, pp.300, 307, 325
Ipomoea batatus and cvs, pp.311, 318
Lantana camara Lucky Series, p.301
Lobelia erinus cvs
Lobularia maritima 'Snow Crystals'
Lysimachia congestiffora 'Outback
Sunset', p.323

Mimulus 'Magic Yellow Blotch', p.320
Nemesia Amelie, p.301
Nemesia strumosa, p.307
Osteospermum ecklonis and cvs,
pp.301, 311

Perilla 'Magilla Vanilla', p.318
x Petchoa Supercal Series, p.303
PELARGONIUMS, p.309
Petunia Series and cvs, pp.308, 311, 312,
316

Plecostachys serpyllifolia
Primula Belarina Series, pp.258, 303
Salpiglossis sinuata Series and cvs
Salvia farinacea 'Strata', p.314
Salvia splendens
Satureja douglasii Indian Mint'

Scaevola aemula 'Little Wonder'
Solenostemon scutellarioides Series
and cvs, pp.310, 311
Sutera cordata Snowstorm Series
giant snowflake ('Danova906'), p.298
Tagetes Series and cvs, pp.308, 322,

324, 326

Tropaeolum majus and cvs, pp.307,

323, 327

Viola x wittrockiana hybrids and cvs,
pp.308, 312, 313, 318, 323
Zinnia x marylandica Series, pp.298, 307

ROCK PLANTS

All are suitable, the following being
particularly recommended:

Campanula portenschlagiana, p.368
Campanula poscharskyana , p.367
Dianthus gratianopolitanus , p.363
Geranium sanguineum, p.340
Hebe vernicosa p.337
Helianthemum spp. and cvs, pp.336, 337,
338, 340, 344, 345
Hypericum olympicum
Iberis sempervirens , p.332
Persicaria affinis 'Donald Lowndes',
p.365

Trailing plants for walls or baskets

Many plants grow naturally in crevices, their trailing stems covering
large areas of vertical rock. In gardens, they can be used at the top
of retaining walls to soften the brickwork. Smaller trailing plants,
including tender perennials and annuals, are ideal for hanging
baskets. After planting, hang baskets on sturdy brackets on a wall or
set them on large, inverted pots on a patio or old tree stump so that
the plants form a conical mound of tumbling stems and flowers.

Phlox douglasii 'Crackerjack', p.365

Saponaria ocymoides, p.364

Saxifraga stolonifera

Saxifraga x urbium

Silene schafta, p.346

Thymus 'Bressingham', p.365

Thymus caespititus var. cilicicus, p.366

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

ALSTROEMERIAS, p.387
Anomatheca laxa, p.423
Bellavalia romana, p.399
Calochortus superbus , p.409
CANNAS, p.394
CROCOSMIA, p.410
CROCUSES, p.417
Cyclamen coum and cvs, pp.428, 429
DAFFODILS, pp.404-405
DAHLIAS, pp.396-398
Galanthus 'Hill Poe', p.427
Galanthus woronowii
GLADIOLI, p.428
Gladiolus murielae
Habenaria radiata, p.408
Hippeastrum 'Black Pearl'

Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket',
p.403

Hyacinthus orientalis 'White Pearl',
p.415

Hymenocallis 'Sulphur Queen', p.412
Incarvillea delavayi , p.265
Iris reticulata and cvs, p.225
LILIES (most), pp.388-391
Muscari botryoides 'Album', p.415
Nerine bowdenii 'Nikita'

Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl', p.385
Triteleia ixiodes 'Starlight', p.407
Triteleia 'Queen Fabiola'

Tulbaghia simmleri , p.411
TULIPS, pp.400-401
Watsonia meriana, p.385
Zantedeschia 'Cameo', p.395

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Acorus calamus 'Argenteostriatus',
p.435

Aponogeton distachyos, p.435
Eichhornia crassipes, p.441
Menyanthes trifoliata, p.434
Pontederia cordata , p.441
Thalia dealbata

WATER LILIES (small cvs), p.440
Zantedeschia aethiopica 'Crowborough',
p.437

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Cordyline australis 'Atropurpurea',
p.451

Ficus spp., pp.450, 452, 458
Jacaranda mimosifolia, p.451
Washingtonia robusta, p.451

Shrubs

Plectranthus fructicosus 'James', p.454

Climbers

Cissus antarctica, p.463
Mandevilla spp., pp.460, 461
Stephanotis fforibunda, p.460

Perennials

Browallia speciosa, p.472
Centropogon ferruginensis
Centropogon willdenowianus

Cacti and succulents

AGAVES, p.482
ALOES, p.493

Furcraea foetida 'Mediopicta', p.481

CONIFERS

Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'Old Gold', p.105
Juniperus squamata 'Blue Carpet', p.105
Microbiota decussata, p.105

SHRUBS

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, p.376
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens , p.159
Leptospermum rupestre, p.151
Loiseleuria procumbens , p.364
Nematanthus strigillosus
Salix lindleyana
Salix repens, p.147

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Hedera (most), p.211

PERENNIALS

Campanula isophylla
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum, p.256
Glandularia 'Sissinghurst', p.268
Glechoma hederacea 'Variegata', p.277
Tropaeolum polyphyllum, p.276
Verbena peruviana

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Bidens 'Gold Star', p.319
Calceolaria integrifolia
Calibrachoa hybrids and cvs, pp.300, 306
Diascia little dancer ('Pendan'), p.301
Dichondra argentea 'Silver Falls'
Dichondra repens Emerald Falls'

Fuchsia procumbens
Helichrysum petiolare, p.165
Ipomoea batatas 'Blackie', p.311
Ipomoea batatas 'Margarita', p.318
Lantana montevidensis, p.310
Lathyrus odoratus 'Cupid Pink', p.301
Limnanthes douglasii, p.321
Lobelia erinus and cvs, pp.311, 314, 315
Lotus berthelotii, p.306
Lysimachia congestiffora 'Outback
Sunset', p.323
Nemophila maculata, p.299
Nolana paradoxa
Pelargonium peltatum
x Petchoa Supercal Series, p.303
Petunia Surfinia Series, pp.311, 316
Petunia Tumbelina Series, p.311
Portulaca grandiffora Series and cvs
Sanvitalia procumbens, p.322
Scaevola aemula 'Little Wonder'
Solenostemon scutellarioides 'Inky
Fingers', p.311
Sutera cordata giant snowflake
('Danova906'), p.298
Tropaeolum majus Series and cvs,
pp.307, 323, 327

ROCK PLANTS

Acaena saccaticupula 'Blue Haze'
Androsace lanuginosa, p.363
Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica
Campanula cochleariifolia, p.369
Convolvulus sabatius, p.342
Cymbalaria muralis
Cytisus x beanii, p.335
Euphorbia myrsinites, p.357
Genista lydia, p.345

Gypsophila repens
Iberis sempervirens, p.332
Lithodora diffusa cvs, p.343
Oenothera macrocarpa, p.372
Othonna cheirifolia, p.344
Parahebe catarractae, p.342
Parochetus communis, p.370
Persicaria vacciniifolia, p.373
Phlox subulata

Pterocephalus perennis, p.364
Saxifraga stolonifera

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Chorizema ilicifolium

Perennials

Achimenes 'Peach Blossom', p.455
Aeschynanthus speciosus, p.478
Centropogon ferruginensis

Glandularia 'Sissinghurst'

Petunia surfinia lime ('Keiyeul')

51

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

plant selector

PLANT SELECTOR

52

Plants with aromatic foliage

The leaves of many plants contain essential aromatic oils, used in
medicine or cooking. For gardeners, their value lies in the aromas
released naturally or when leaves are bruised. Those of culinary
value, such as rosemary, are often grown in herb gardens, or plant
low-growing thymes next to paths or between paving stones, where
they will emit their scent when stepped on. The fragrance from trees
is best appreciated as it drifts through the garden on the wind.

TREES

Eucalyptus spp., pp.67, 68, 78, 79
Juglans regia, p.62
Laurus nobilis, p.80
Phellodendron chinense , p.75
Populus balsamifera
Populus trichocarpa
Sassafras albidum, p.64
Umbellularia californica, p.69

BELOW Scented seating

Create a relaxing resting place in the
garden with a stylish wooden bench
surrounded by aromatic herbs, such
as lavender, thyme, and marjoram.

Conifers

Calocedrus decurrens, p.101
Chamaecyparis spp. and cvs, pp.96,
99,101,102,103,104,105
Cupressus spp. and cvs, pp.95,102,
104

Juniperus spp., pp.100,103,105
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca,
p.96

Thuja plicata 'Stoneham Gold', p.105

SHRUBS

Aloysia triphylla, p.132
Artemisia abrotanum, p.165
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Arthur
Simmonds', p.157

Choisya ternata and cvs, pp.122,148
Cistus laurifolius
Elsholtzia stauntonii
Gaultheria procumbens, p.373
Helichrysum italicum
Hyssopus officinalis , p.157
LAVENDERS, p.158
Lindera benzoin, p.127
Myrtus communis, p.122
Perovskia 'Blue Spire', p.159
Phlomis fruticosa, p.160
Rhododendron rubiginosum
Rosa rubiginosa, p.176
Rosmarinus officinalis, p.157
Salvia officinalis and cvs, p.155
Santolina spp.

PERENNIALS

Achillea filipendulina
Agastache 'Black Adder', p.280
Artemisia spp. and cvs, pp.165, 216,
242, 274, 374
Chamaemelum nobile
Galium odoratum, p.263
Geranium macrorrhizum, p.269
Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata', p.274
Monarda didyma
Myrrhis odorata, p.230

Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant', p.240
Perovskia atriplicifolia
Tanacetum parthenium, p.300

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

PELARGONIUMS (scented-leaved
forms), p.309
Satureja douglasii

ROCK PLANTS

Mentha requienii
Origanum laevigatum, p.340
Satureja montana.

Thymus spp. and cvs, pp.365, 366, 367

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Agonis flexuosa, p.450

Shrubs

Boronia megastigma
Prostanthera ovalifolia, p.457

Perennials

Kaempferia pulchra, p.477

Phlomis fruticosa

Rosa rubiginosa

Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Plants with fragrant flowers

Fragrance is a compelling feature of many plants. It can be strong,
filling the garden with scent, or apparent only when you are close
to individual blooms. Some plants release scent continuously,
while the perfume of others is more noticeable at night. A sunny,
sheltered patio or deck is an ideal spot for fragrant plants, or site
them close to paths. Train fragrant climbers over arches and around
doorways. Hyacinths provide early spring fragrance indoors.

TREES

Clethra arborea
Crataegus monogyna
Drimys winteri, p.73
Eucryphia lucida , p.85
Fraxinus ornus, p.71
Genista aetnensis, p.89
Laburnum x watered 'Vossii', p.84
MAGNOLIAS, p.70
Malus coronaria 'Charlottae'

Malus hupehensis, p.69
Malus 'Profusion', p.71
Prunus mume 'Beni-chidori', p.123
Prunus padus 'Watered', p.71
Prunus x yedoensis, p.82
Pterostyrax hispida, p.73
Robinia pseudoacacia
Styraxjaponicus, p.72
Tilia 'Petiolaris', p.64

SHRUBS

PERENNIALS

Anemone sylvestris, p.255

CARNATIONS AND PINKS, pp.266-267

Clematis heracleifolia 'Wyevale'

Convallaria majalis, p.255

Cosmos atrosanguineus, p .238

Crambe cordifolia, p.216

Galium odoratum, p.263

Hedychium coccineum 'Tara', p.220

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus, p.245

Hesperis matronalis , p.230

Impatiens tinctoria, p.216

Iris graminea

Iris unguicularis

Mirabilis jalapa, p.233

Myrrhis odorata, p.230

PEONIES, pp.228-229

Persicaria polymorpha, p.234

Primula elatior, p.259

Primula veris, p.262

Hymenocallis 'Sulphur Queen', p.412
LILIES (several), pp.388-391
Muscari armeniacum, p.420
Narcissus jonquilla and Div. 7 hybrids,
pp.404—405

Narcissus tazetta and Div. 8 hybrids,
pp.404, 405, 407
Ornithogalum arabicum, p.408
Polianthes tuberosa The Pearl', p.385

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Aponogeton distachyos, p.435
Nymphaea 'Blue Beauty', p.440
Nymphaea 'James Brydon', p.440
Nymphaea odorata 'Sulphurea Grandiflora'

Lilium regale

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Bauhinia variegata
Plumeria rubra

Shrubs

Boronia megastigma
Gardenia augusta 'Veitchii'

Climbers

Hoya carnosa
Stephanotis floribunda

Perennials

Cattleya J.A.Carbone gx

Lonicem etrusca 'Michael Rosse'

Abelia x grandiflora, p.113
Acacia dealbata, p.211
Azara microphylla, p.118
Berberis x stenophylla, p.127
Brugmansia arborea
BUDDLEJAS, p.114
Chimonanthus praecox, p.144
Choisya ternata, p.122
Clerodendrum bungei, p.141
Clerodendrum trichotomum, p.142
Clethra delavayi, p.113
Colletia hystrix, p.130
Corylopsis pauciflora, p.126
Cytisus battandieri, p.116
Daphne odora and cvs
Deutzia x elegantissima cvs
Edgeworthia chrysantha, p.126
Elaeagnus x ebbingei 'Limelight', p.139
Erica lusitanica
Fothergilla major, p.117
LAVENDERS, p.158
Ligustrum lucidum
LILACS, p.U5
Lupinus arboreus, p.159
MAGNOLIAS, p.70
Osmanthus spp. and cvs, pp.110,119
Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127,128,
129,131,149

Pittosporum tenuifolium, p.120
ROSES (many), pp.168-187
Sarcococca spp., pp.142,164
Viburnum spp. and cvs, pp.110. Ill, 122,
143,146

WITCH HAZELS, p.118

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Clematis montana 'Elizabeth'

Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca, p.195
HONEYSUCKLE, p.207
Itea ilicifolia, p.211

Jasminum humile and cvs, pp.139, 206
Jasminum officinale f. affine, p.196
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201,202, 203
Mandevilla laxa
ROSES (many)

Trachelospermum spp., pp.195,196
WISTERIA, p.205

ROCK PLANTS

Dianthus gratianopolitanus, p.363
Erysimum helveticum, p.358
Papaver croceum
Primula auricula

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Amaryllis belladonna, p.395
Arisaema candidissimum, p.422
Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
Chlidanthus fragrans, p.424
Crinum bulbispermum
Crinum x powellii, p.385
Crocus angustifolius
Crocus longiflorus
Cyclamen persicum, p.429
Eucharis amazonica, p.414
Gladiolus murielae, p.383
Habenaria radiata, p.408
Hyacinthus orientalis and cvs, pp.403,
407, 415

RIGHT Classic combination

Rosa 'Felicia' and Lavandula angustifolia
provide pretty contrasts and a heady
fragrance in a summer border.

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Amberboa moschata
Antirrhinum majus Series, p.303, 319, 320
Argemone mexicana, p.321
Dianthus barbatus and cvs
Erysimum cheiri Series and cvs
Exacum affine

Glandularia x hybrida Series, pp.303,

307, 312

Heliotropium arborescens, p.310

Iberis amara, p.299

Limnanthes douglasii, p.321

Lobularia maritima 'Snow Crystals', p.298

Matthiola incana

Nemesia 'Amelie', p.301

Nicotiana alata, p.231

Nicotiana sylvestris

Petuna 'Priscilla', p.311

Reseda odorata, p.300

Scabiosa atropurpurea

Anemone sylvestris

Wisteria sinensis 'Prolific'

53

PLANT SELECTOR

PLANT SELECTOR

Decorative fruit or seedheads

As winter approaches, dull corners or featureless borders can
be brightened with the colorful fruits of barberries, cotoneasters,
viburnums, and other ornamental berried shrubs. On pergolas
and trellises, Celastrus orbiculatus and Clematis orientalis provide
late-season interest with trailing skeins of yellow fruits and feathery
seeds. Wall-trained pyracanthas will color drab winter walls with
yellow, orange, or scarlet fruits, while hollies {Ilex) also sport berries
for winter decoration. The dried seedheads of many plants produce
beautiful effects for indoor and outdoor displays.

TREES

Arbutus unedo, p.93
Cornus kousa, p.85
Cotoneaster frigidus, p.142
Crataegus spp., pp.80, 84, 90
HOLLIES (most), p.94
Koelreuteria paniculata , p.89
MAGNOLIAS, p.70
Malus spp. (most), pp.82-110
Photinia davidiana, p.90
SORBUS, p.91

Conifers

Abies spp., p.95, 96, 98,100,104,105
Cedrus spp., pp.95, 96, 97,104
Picea spp., pp.98, 99,101,103,105
Pinus spp., pp.78, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,
101,102,103,104,105

SHRUBS

Aucuba japonica

Berberis spp. and cvs, pp.lll, 123,127,
137,141,148,160,162
Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii, p.141
Cotoneaster spp. and cvs, pp.117,122,
141,142,143, 208
Decaisnea fargesii, p.142
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade',
p.140

Euonymus latifolius, p.140

Euonymus myrianthus, p.117

Gaultheria mucronata and cvs, pp.163,164

Hippophae rhamnoides, p.142
Hypericum x inodorum 'Elstead', p.161
Leycesteria formosa
Poncirus trifoliata, p.142
Pyracantha spp. and cvs, pp.118,128,

141,144, 209

ROSES (most), pp.168-187
Sambucus racemosa Tlumosa Aurea',
p.139

Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna, p.164
Skimmia japonica, p.164
Symphoricarpos spp. and cvs, pp.148,160
Symplocos paniculata, p.142
Viburnum davidii, p.165
Viburnum opulus and cvs, pp.142,162
Viburnum tinus and cvs, p.143

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

Actinidia deliciosa
Billardiera longiflora, p.210
Cardiospermum halicacabum
Celastrus orbiculatus
Clematis orientalis
Holboellia coriacea, p.194
ROSES (several), pp.168-187
Tropaeolum speciosum, p.202

PERENNIALS

Achillea filipendulina
Aconitum 'Stainless Steel', p.241
Actaea pachypoda, p.246
Agapanthus 'Northern Star', p.241

Agapanthus 'Phantom'

Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud', p.241
Clintonia borealis
Disporum hookeri
Duchesnea indica

Echinacea species and cvs, pp.221, 234
Eryngium pandanifolium
Eupatorium maculatum Atropurpureum
Group 'Reisenschirm', p.221
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson's form
Iris foetidissima, p.225
Ligularia 'The Rocket', p.219
Ophiopogon spp., pp.280, 283
ORIENTAL POPPIES, p.238
PEONIES, pp.228-229
Persicaria polymorpha, p.234
Physalis alkekengi
Podophyllum hexandrum, p.255
Rudbeckia maxima, p.251
SEDUM, p.279
Smilacina racemosa, p.223
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination',

p.220

Grasses and bamboos

Ampeldesmos mauritanica, p.287
Briza maxima

Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Cortaderia spp. and cvs, pp.284, 285
Deschampsisa cespitosa 'Gold Tau', p.289
Eragrostis curvula Totnes Burgundy 7 , p.285
Miscanthus sinensis and cvs pp.284, 285,
286

Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea
'Heidebraut', p.285
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
'Transparent', p.286
Panicum virgatum 'Northwind', p.289
Pennisetum spp. and cvs, pp.286, 311, 312
Stipa spp. and cvs, pp.286, 287, 288

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Capsicum annuum 'Holiday Cheer'
Lagurus ovatus, p.284
Lunaria annua, p.310
Martynia annua, p.300

Nicandra physalodes

Nigella damascena and cvs, pp.314, 315

Solanum capsicastrum

ROCK PLANTS

Acaena microphylla, p.374
Cornus canadensis, p.360
Dryas octopetala, p.361
Gaultheria (most), pp.346, 373
Maianthemum bifolium, p.348
Nertera granadensis, p.373
Pulsatilla spp., pp.332, 334, 349
Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus, p.351

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium cowanii
Allium cristophii, p.411
Allium 'Gladiator', p.392
Allium 'Globemaster', p.392
Allium 'Mount Everest', p.385
Allium oreophilum, p.418
Allium 'Purple Sensation', p.392
Arisaema triphyllum, p.406
Arum italicum 'Marmoratum', p.421
Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Ligularia 'Britt Marie Crawford', p.445
Nuphar lutea, p.444
Thalia dealbata

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Trees

Cyphomandra betacea, p.456

Shrubs

x Citrofortunella microcarpa, p.458

BELOW Late-season sculpture

The seed heads of Allium cristophii
complement the brown seed pods of
Nigella damascena, adding texture to an
herbaceous border as winter approaches.

Flowers for cutting

With careful selection, flowers can be cut from the garden at most
times of the year, from the Christmas rose (Helleborus niger) in
mid- or late winter to Nerine bowdenii in the fall. In small gardens,
integrate plants for cutting into the general scheme, and leave some
blooms for display, or plant away from the house so that the cutting
is less noticeable. Fertilize regularly during the growing season, to
counteract the weakening effects of cutting the plants.

SHRUBS

CAMELLIA, pp.120-121
Forsythia spp., pp.127,195
LILACS, p.U5

Philadelphus spp. and cvs, pp.127,128,
129,131,149

ROSES (some), pp.168-187

Salix caprea

WITCH HAZELS, p.118

PERENNIALS

Agapanthus 'Northern Star', p.241
Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud', p.241
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
'Graskop', p.240
Anaphalis spp., p.231
Anchusa azurea
Astrantia major 'Roma', p.278
Astrantia major 'Ruby Wedding', p.238
CARNATIONS and PINKS, pp.266-267
CHRYSANTHEMUMS, pp.252-253
Coreopsis 'Limerock Ruby', p.268
DELPHINIUMS (most), p.217
Francoa sochifolia Rogerson's form,
Gaillardia 'Oranges and Lemons', p.277
Helleborus niger, ■ p.281
JAPANESE ANEMONES, p.222
Leucanthemum x superbum
'Sonnenschein', p.231
MICHAELMAS DAISIES, p.249
PEONIES, pp.228-229
PHLOX, p.240

Potentilla 'Arc-en-ciel', p.268
RUDBECKIA, p.251

Grasses and bamboos

Calamagrostis brachytricha, p.284
Chasmanthium latifolium, p.288
Cortadera richardii, p.284

ANNUALS AND BIENNIALS

Amaranthus caudatus , p.307
Amberboa moschata
Callistephus chinensis Series, pp.303, 304,
312

Centaurea cyanus and cvs, p.315
Clarkia amoenia 'Sybil Sherwood', p.305
Eustoma grandiflorum, p.299
Gaillardia pulchella 'Lollipops', p.327
Gypsophila elegans, p.299
Lathyrus odoratus and cvs, pp.201, 301
Malope trifida, p.305
Matthiola 'Giant Excelsior', p.303
Moluccella laevis, p.316
Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp. rosea,
p.303

Zinnia elegans series and cvs (tall
hybrids), pp.306, 316, 325

BULBS, CORMS, AND TUBERS

Allium aflatunense, p.382
Allium atropurpureum, p.392
Allium 'Gladiator', p.392
Allium 'Globemaster', p.392
Allium 'Mount Everest', p.385
Allium 'Purple Sensation', p.392
ALSTROEMERIA, p.387
Brodiaea 'Queen Fabiola'

Camassia quamash, p.411
Cardiocrinum giganteum, p.385
CROCOSMIA, p.410
DAFFODILS (tall species and cvs),
pp.404—405

DAHLIAS, pp.396-398

GLADIOLI (most), p.384

Gladiolus murielae, p.383

Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket', p.403

Hyacinthus orientalis 'White Pearl', p.415

LILIES (some), pp.388-391

Nerine bowdenii 'Nikita'

Ornithogalum thyrsoides, p.408
Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl', p.385
Triteleia ixiodes 'Starlight', p.407
Tulbaghia simmleri, p.411
TULIPS (tall cvs), pp.400-401
Zantedeschia aethiopica and cvs,
pp.408, 437

Zantedeschia 'Cameo', p.395

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS
Shrubs

Turraea obtusifolia

Perennials

Cymbidium spp.

Phalaenopsis spp.

Strelitzia reginae

RIGHT Late summer beauty

A selection of dahlias in shades of pink
planted with vibrant blue agapanthus
fill the late summer border and make
excellent cut flowers.

Tulipa 'Spring Green'

Allium aflatunense

Chrysanthemum 'Chelsea Physic Garden'

Clarkia amoena 'Sybil Sherwood'

Alstroemeria 'Serenade'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT SELECTOR

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinderslcy. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

Trees are the most permanent elements in any planting
scheme, making a strong visual impact by virtue of their size
alone. There is a wealth of ornamental trees to choose from, with
a range to suit your climate and growing conditions, as well
as the size and style of your garden. Both deciduous and
evergreen trees provide year-round structure and beauty, but
they have many other benefits too, providing shade in summer,
shelter in winter, and nesting sites and food for birds, insects,
and other wildlife. Trees can also help reduce pollution and
combat climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and replacing it with oxygen. They can
even help regulate groundwater, an important benefit
in areas at risk of flooding and soil erosion.

TREES

TREES

Dramatic and sculptural, trees are essential plants for gardens large
and small. In design terms, they provide height, structure, and year-
round interest, with flowers, foliage, fruit, and attractive bark, while
also offering a home and source of food for birds and other wildlife.

What are trees?

Trees are woody plants, with life spans
ranging from decades to several centuries.
There are deciduous and evergreen trees,
and most have a single stem with a crown
of branches, although some produce
multiple stems, either naturally or as a
result of pruning. They range in size from
conifers less than 3ft (lm) in height, to
forest giants that soar up to 300ft (90m)
or more. Trees also vary in shape. Some are
narrowly conical or columnar, others are
rounded or spreading, while some have an
elegant arching, weeping habit. There is
also a wide choice of leaf shape and color.

BELOW Letting in the light

Deciduous trees, such as Acer shirasawanum 'Aureum',
can be used to make a wonderful garden centerpiece,
underplanted with low plants to extend the interest
before and after the main summer season.

Choosing trees

Before buying, match the needs of your
chosen tree with the conditions in your
garden. A tree is a long-term investment,
so consider your site and soil carefully
to be sure that it will thrive and that the
size, shape, and style will suit your design
scheme, since trees are difficult to move
once established. Also calculate the amount
of shade the tree will cast on your or your
neighbor's garden when mature, and site
large trees away from the house, and where
their roots will not interfere with walls,
pipes, sewers, or cables.

Designing with trees

Trees have many beautiful features and
can be used in various ways to enhance a
garden design. For example, several trees
can be planted to form enclosures or define

SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP

Large

Medium

Small

over 50ft

30—50ft

up to 30ft

(15m)

(10-15m)

(10m)

spaces; they can be used in pairs to
frame a view, or in rows to form an avenue
or tunnel. A line of trees also provides
excellent wind protection, and those that
tolerate clipping, such as beech (Fagus
sylvatica ), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus),
and yew (Taxus baccata), make attractive
hedges that diffuse wind and noise.

Many trees have eye-catching features
that make beautiful focal points—those
with colorful stems and bark or large
sculptural leaves make good choices. The
shape and form of a tree can also help to

REMOVING A TREE BRANCH

The best time to prune most trees is in late
winter when the plants are dormant, but wait till
mid- to late summer for hornbeam (Carpinus),
pears (Pyrus), and plums and cherries (Prunus),
which are susceptible to disease if cut earlier.

58

I Make an undercut first

Shorten the branch first to reduce its weight and
stop it from falling and tearing the bark. Cut halfway
through the underside of the branch, then saw
downward from the top, farther along the branch
away from the trunk. Allow the branch to snap off.

2 Cut close to the trunk

Remove the final stump by cutting close to
the trunk, but not flush with it. Make a smooth cut,
angled away from the tree, just beyond the crease
in the bark where the branch meets the trunk.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

create a style. For example, the crisp
outline of Juniperus communis 'Compressa',
suits a formal design, while the shape,
flowers, and fruit of many crab apples
(.Malus species) lend natural informality.

If you have space for several trees, you
can create a small woodland, underplanted
with shade-loving perennials. Many
small trees, such as Acer palmatum and
the corkscrew hazel (Corylus avellana
'Contorta'), and dwarf conifers are also
suitable for growing in containers, and
will add height and interest to patios,
decks, and roof gardens.

Year-round interest

Broadleaf evergreens, such as hollies (Ilex)
and bay laurel ( Laurus nobilis), provide
a valuable green backdrop throughout
the year, while the needlelike foliage and
candlelike cones of conifers offer a useful
contrast in shape and texture. Against

this permanent display, plant deciduous
trees for a seasonally changing palette of
leaf colors, flowers, and fruit. Japanese
cherries ( Prunus ), crab apples (Malus), and
magnolias have vivid spring flowers, while
many trees have large dramatic leaves
or colorful foliage that brightens up the
summer garden. A few trees, such as
Maackia amurensis and Arbutus unedo, bear
flowers in late summer and fall, but in the
case of Japanese maples (Acer), the Chinese
tupelo (Nyssa sinensis), and liquidambars,
foliage color in fall is the main attraction;
they produce luminous colors that set the
garden ablaze.

Stem and bark color is a key feature of
winter displays. The bleached white trunks
of birches (Betula), glossy copper stems of
Prunus serruia, and shaggy bark of Acer
griseum provide focal points, while the
dainty pink flowers of Prunus x subhirtella
Autumnalis' lift late-winter days.

ABOVE Spring benefits

The profusion of large, double pink flowers of Prunus
serrulata 'Kiku-shidare-sakura', makes a dramatic and
colorful focal point in a spring garden.

PLANTING A CONTAINER-GROWN TREE

It is worth taking the time to prepare the site and plant your tree well, as
this will increase its chances of survival and ensure that it thrives. Trees
that have been grown in containers can be planted at most times of the

year, but the warm, damp soil in fall provides ideal conditions. Bare-root
trees are cheaper and available in fall or late winter. Plant them as soon
as you get them home, unless the soil is frozen.

2 Check planting depth

Remove the tree from its pot and
put it in the hole. Use a cane to check
that the top of the rootball is at the
same level or slightly above the soil.
Lift out the plant and cut away any
roots that are circling the rootball.

3 Firm in

Tease out the roots, lower the
tree back into the hole, and water it
well. Then water again as you backfill
the hole to ensure that there are no air
pockets and the roots are in no danger
of drying out. Firm the tree in gently.

4 Stake the tree

To prevent the tree from rocking
in the wind, which can damage
the roots, drive in a wooden tree
stake with a mallet at an angle of
45 degrees. Make sure that the
stake does not damage the rootball.

Fit the tree ties

Ensure that the top of the stake
faces into the prevailing wind. Fit a
tree tie with a spacer one-third of the
way up the trunk from the base. Drive
a nail through the tree tie into the
stake to stop it from slipping down.

Continue to water in well

Water the tree well and apply
a moisture-conserving bark mulch
over the area around the tree, leaving
space around the stem to prevent
the bark from rotting it. Water the
tree during dry spells for two years.

BARE-ROOT TREES

If the ground is still frozen when
you receive your bare-root trees,
or you are unable to plant them
immediately for some other
reason, fill a large pot with
potting mix and heel them in.
This simply means burying the
roots to keep them moist. Plant
the trees in the same way as
shown here for container-grown
plants, but take care to leave
no air pockets when filling in
around the roots with soil.

59

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

LARGE

SPRING SUMMER

WHITE

RED

Davidia involucrata
(Dove tree, handkerchief tree)

Deciduous, conical tree with heart-
shaped, vivid green leaves, felted
beneath. Large, white bracts
appear on mature trees from

i . 101

late spring.

0 A Z6-8 H8-6

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Populus x canescens (Gray poplar)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
with slightly lobed leaves, gray when
young, glossy, dark green in summer
and yellow in fall. Usually bears
grayish-red catkins in spring.

60 - A

--Q:- (* Z4-9 H9-1

75ft

22.5m 0

Acer platanoides 'Crimson King'

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Leaves are large, lobed and deep
reddish-purple, turning orange in
fall. Tiny, red-tinged, deep yellow
flowers are carried in midspring.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

75ft ( _

22.5m 0

Aesculus x carnea 'Briotii'

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Leaves,
consisting of 5 or 7 leaflets, are glossy,
dark green. Panicles of red flowers
are borne in late spring.

100ft 30m

0 6 ® Z7—8 H8-6

Fraxinus excelsior 'Jaspidea'

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
grown for its golden-yellow twigs and
black buds, which are most evident in
winter. Yellow leaves, with 9-11 oval
leaflets, fade to light green and

., • n n 100ft 3C

then gold, in fall.

WHITE

Aesculus chinensis
(Chinese horse-chestnut)

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Leaves are glossy, dark green
with 7 leaflets. Slender spires
of white flowers are produced

. . 100f

in mid-summer.

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

75ft __

22.5m 0

Populus alba (White poplar)

Deciduous, spreading tree with
wavy-margined or lobed leaves,
dark green above, white beneath,
turning yellow in fall.

100ft 30m

-0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

75ft 1

22.5m ’ 0

A Z4-9 H9-1

75ft

22.5m ‘ 0

Acer macrophyllum (Oregon maple)

Deciduous, round-headed tree with
large, deeply lobed, dark green leaves
that turn yellow and orange in fall.
Yellowish-green flowers in spring
are followed by pale green fruits.

100ft 30m

Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip tree)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Deep green leaves, with a cut-off or
notched tip and lobed sides, turn
yellow in fall. In mid-summer, has
tulip-shaped, orange-marked,
greenish-white flowers.

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

75ft

22.5m * 0

6 Z4—9 H9-2

75ft

22.5m ’ 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

GREEN

Populus maximowiczii

Fast-growing, deciduous, conical tree.
Oval, heart-shaped, bright green leaves
have green-veined, white undersides
and turn yellow in fall. Bears
long, pendent seed heads
surrounded by silky, white
hairs in late summer.

0 A Z4—7 H7-1 22 7 !;* •

Fagus sylvatica 'Rohanii'

Slow-growing, deciduous tree with oval,
deeply cut, deep red-purple leaves,
sometimes tinged with green or brown.
Leaf margins are deeply cut into
triangular teeth, which may bear
serrations. Leaf veins and leaf "

stalk are prominently red.

0 6 Z4—7 H9-4 22 ™ o

Populus x canadensis
'Serotina de Selys'

Fast-growing, deciduous, upright tree.
Has broadly oval, gray-green leaves,
pale green when young, and red
catkins in spring.

10Oft 30m

0 - 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Quercus macranthera

(Caucasian oak)

Deciduous, spreading, sturdy-branched,
handsome tree with large, deeply lobed,
dark green leaves.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

100ft 30m

Castanea sativa 'Albomarginata'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has glossy,
white-edged, dark green leaves that turn
yellow in fall. Spikes of creamy-yellow
flowers in summer are followed by
edible fruits in fall.

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Fagus sylvatica 'Riversii'

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with smooth, gray bark and
elliptic, wavy-margined, dark purple
leaves, which are larger than those
of the species. New leaves on
young shoots are wine-red
and translucent.

0 6 Z4—7 H9-4

75ft

22.5m

J

Alnus incana (Gray alder)

Deciduous, conical tree useful for cold,
wet areas and poor soils. Yellow-brown
catkins are carried in late winter and
early spring, followed by oval, dark
green leaves.

100ft 30m

0 - 6 Z2-6 H6-1

61

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

LARGE

SUMMER

GREEN

Populus x canadensis 'Robusta'

Fast-growing, deciduous, conical
tree with upright branches. Broadly
oval, bronze, young leaves mature
to glossy, dark green. Bears long,
red catkins in spring.

Quercus robur f. fastigiata

Deciduous, upright, columnar tree
of dense habit carrying lobed, dark
green leaves.

10Oft 30m

Quercus muehlenbergii

Deciduous, round-headed tree
with sharply toothed, bright
green leaves.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-2

100ft 30m

75ft __

22.5m 0

Celtis australis (European hackberry)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has oval,
pointed, sharply toothed, dark green
leaves and small, purple-black fruits.

100ft 30m

0 A Z4—9 H9-1

75ft

22.5m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

75ft

22.5m ’ * 0

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

75ft

22.5m

Fagus sylvatica f. penduia

(Weeping beech)

Deciduous, weeping tree with oval,
wavy-edged, mid-green leaves that
in fall take on rich hues of yellow
and orange-brown.

100ft 30m

0 - 6 Z4-7 H9-4

Acer cappadocicum subsp. lobelii

(Lobel's maple)

Deciduous tree of narrow, upright habit,
well-suited for growing in restricted
space. Has wavy-edged, lobed leaves
that turn yellow in fall.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Quercus canariensis
(Algerian oak, Mirbeck's oak)

Deciduous or semievergreen tree,
narrow when young, broadening
with age. Large, shallowly lobed,
rich green leaves become
yellowish-brown in fall, often
persisting into late winter.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

75ft

22.5m 1 0

Juglans regia (English walnut)

Deciduous tree with a spreading head.
Leaves, usually with 5 or 7 leaflets, are
aromatic, bronze-purple when young,
glossy, mid-green when mature.
Produces edible nuts.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Populus nigra 'Italica'

(Lombardy poplar)

Very fast-growing, deciduous, narrowly
columnar tree with erect branches,
diamond-shaped, bright green leaves
and red catkins in midspring.

100ft 30m

0 (k Z3-9 H9-1

Acer saccharinum (Silver maple)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree, often with pendent branches.
Deeply lobed, sharply toothed,
mid-green leaves, with silver
undersides, turn yellow in fall.

100ft 30m

75ft -

0 6 Z4-9 H8-1 22 - 5m "

Ailanthus altissima (Tree of heaven)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with clusters of small, green flowers
in mid-summer, followed by winged,
green, then reddish-brown fruits. Large,
dark green leaves are divided
into paired, oval leaflets.

Tilia oliveri

Deciduous, spreading, open tree with
pointed, heart-shaped leaves, bright
green above and silvery-white beneath.
Produces small, fragrant, greenish-
yellow flowers in summer,

] pnh 7n

followed by winged fruits.

0 6 Z6-8 H9-6

Quercus petraea 'Columna'

Deciduous, upright, slender tree
with large, wavy-edged, leathery,
dark green leaves, tinged bronze
when young.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

75ft

22.5m * 0

-:0:- 6 Z5—8 H8-5

75ft

22.5m 0

Juglans nigra (Black walnut)

Fast-growing, deciduous, handsome,
spreading tree with large, aromatic
leaves of many pointed, glossy, dark
green leaflets. Produces edible
nuts in fall.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Tilia platyphyllos 'Rubra'
(Large-leaved linden)

Deciduous, spreading tree with
red winter shoots and rounded,
dark green leaves. Bears small,
dull yellowish-white flowers
in mid-summer.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Platanus x hispanica (London plane)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree with
ornamental, flaking bark. Has large,
sharply lobed, bright green leaves.
Spherical fruit clusters hang from
shoots in fall.

100ft 30m

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

Platanus orientalis (Oriental plane)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
with flaking, gray, brown or cream
bark and large, glossy, pale green
leaves with 5 deep lobes. Green fruit
clusters, later turning brown,
persist in fall-winter.

0 6 Z3-8 H8-5

75ft

22.5m

M

n

Nothofagus obliqua

(Roble, Southern beech)

Fast-growing, deciduous, elegant
tree with slender, arching branches.

Has deep green leaves that turn
orange and red in fall.

100ft 30m

-0 <k Z8-9 H9-8

Quercus nigra (Water oak)

Deciduous, spreading tree with
glossy, bright green foliage
retained until well into winter.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

100ft 30m

63

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

LARGE

SUMMER

GREEN

Sassafras aibidum

Deciduous, upright, later spreading
tree. Aromatic, glossy, dark green
leaves vary from oval to deeply lobed
and turn yellow or red in fall. Has
insignificant, yellowish-green

r. 100ft

flowers in spring.

6 ?5 Z4-8 hs-3

75ft

22.5m

Quercus castaneifolia

Deciduous, spreading tree with sharply
toothed leaves, glossy, dark green
above, gray beneath.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

100ft 30m

22.5m 0

Fagus sylvatica (Common beech)

Deciduous, spreading tree with oval,
wavy-edged leaves. These are pale
green when young, mid- to dark green
when mature, and turn rich yellow
and orange-brown in fall, when
nuts are produced.

0 6 Z4-7 H9-4

Quercus frainetto (Hungarian oak)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with a large, domed head and
handsome, large, deeply lobed,
dark green leaves.

6 Z5-8 H8-i

100ft 30m

Fagus sylvatica 'Aspleniifolia'

(Fern-leaved beech)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Has narrow, deeply cut, deep green
leaves, which give a soft feathery outline
to the tree. In fall, leaves turn
golden-brown and persist
well into winter.

6 Z4-7 H9-4 22 ? 5 “-

64

Titia 'Petiolaris'

(Weeping silver linden)

Deciduous, spreading tree with pendent
branches. Pointed, heart-shaped leaves,
dark green above, silver beneath,
shimmer in the breeze. Has
fragrant, creamy-yellow
flowers in late summer.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Zelkova carpinifolia (Caucasian elm)

Deciduous tree with a short, sturdy
trunk from which many upright
branches arise to make an oval, dense
crown. Produces oval, sharply toothed,
dark green leaves, turning to
orange-brown in fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Quercus laurifolia

Deciduous, round-headed tree with
narrow, glossy, bright green leaves,
bronze-tinged when young, that
are retained until late in the year.

100ft 30m

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Nothofagus x alpina

(Rauli, Southern beech)

Fast-growing, deciduous, conical tree.
Leaves, with many impressed veins,
are dark green, turning orange
and red in fall.

100ft 30m

A Z8—9 H9-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

YELLOW

RED

Liriodendron tulipifera
'Aureomarginatum'

Vigorous, deciduous tree. Deep green
leaves have yellow margins, cut-off
or notched tips and lobed sides.

Bears cup-shaped, greenish-
white flowers, splashed orange,
in summer on mature trees.

0 6 E5 Z4—9 H9-2

75ft
22.5m ’

Pterocarya x rehderiana

Very fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Has glossy, bright green leaves
consisting of narrow, paired leaflets
that turn yellow in fall and long
catkins of winged fruits in late
summer and fall.

(k Z6—9 H9-6

75ft

22.5m

d

Quercus rubra (Red oak)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Attractively lobed leaves, often
large, are deep green becoming
reddish- or yellowish-brown in fall.

10Oft 30m

& 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Acer pseudoplatanus
f. erythrocarpum

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
with lobed, deep green leaves. Wings
of young fall fruits are bright red.

6 Z4-7 H7-i

i*A

•

/. ^

• «

•

Quercus ellipsoidalis

Deciduous, spreading tree with deeply
lobed, glossy, dark green leaves that turn
dark purplish-red, then red in fall.

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Liquidambar styraciflua (Sweetgum)

Deciduous, conical to spreading tree.
Shoots develop corky ridges. Lobed,
glossy, dark green leaves turn brilliant
orange, red and purple in fall.

Quercus coccinea (Scarlet oak)

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Glossy,
dark green leaves have deeply cut lobes
ending in slender teeth. In fall, they turn
bright red, usually persisting for several
weeks on the tree.

100ft 30m

100ft 30m

6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z5-9 H9-4

65

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

LARGE

FALL

RED

Acer rubrum (Red maple)

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Dark
green leaves turn bright red in fall,
producing best color on acidic or neutral
soil. In spring, bare branches are
covered with tiny, red flowers.

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Acer rubrum 'Scanlon'

Deciduous, upright tree. Has lobed, dark
green foliage that in fall becomes bright
red, particularly on acidic or neutral soil.
Clusters of small, red flowers decorate
bare branches in spring.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Fraxinus angustifolia 'Raywood'

(Claret ash)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Leaves have 5-7 narrowly oval, glossy,
dark green leaflets that mature to
bright reddish-purple in fall.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Nyssa sylvatica (Black gum, Tupelo)

Deciduous, broadly conical tree with
oval, glossy, dark to mid-green leaves
that turn brilliant yellow, orange and
red in fall.

100ft 30m

Quercus alba (White oak)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Deeply
lobed, glossy, dark green leaves
turn reddish-purple in fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H8-1

100ft 30m

66

Prunus serotina (Black cherry)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Spikes of
fragrant, white flowers appear in early
summer followed by red fruits that turn
black in fall. Glossy, dark green leaves
become yellow in fall.

0 6 ® Z8-4 H8-1

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

(Katsura tree)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Leaves, bronze when young, turn
rich green, then yellow to purple in fall,
especially on acidic soil. Fallen
leaves smell of burnt toffee.

0 4 Z4—8 H8-1

75ft

22.5m

J

Acer rubrum 'Schlesingeri'

Deciduous, round-headed tree. In
early fall, dark green leaves turn
deep red. Tiny, red flowers appear
on bare wood in spring.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Quercus palustris (Pin oak)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree
with slender branches, pendulous at the
tips. Deeply lobed, glossy, bright green
leaves turn scarlet or red-brown in fall.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

100ft 30m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WINTER/ALL YEAR

YELLOW

WHITE

Acer platanoides 'Palmatifidum'

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Deeply divided, pale green leaves with
slender lobes turn yellow or reddish-
orange in fall. Tiny, yellow flowers
appear in midspring.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Quercus phellos (Willow oak)

Deciduous, spreading tree of elegant
habit. Narrow, willow-like, pale green
leaves turn yellow then brown in fall.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z6-9 H9-3

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Zelkova serrata

Deciduous, spreading tree with sharply
toothed, finely pointed, dark green
leaves that turn yellow or orange in fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H 9-5

100ft 30m

75ft

22.5m 1 0

Jug la ns ailantifolia var. cordiform is

Deciduous, spreading tree with large,
aromatic leaves consisting of many
glossy, bright green leaflets. Long,
yellow-green, male catkins are
borne in early summer. In fall
has edible nuts. 100ft 30

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

75ft

22.5m *

Cymnocladus dioica

(Kentucky coffeetree)

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading tree
with small, star-shaped, white flowers
borne in early summer. Large leaves,
with 4-7 pairs of oval leaflets, are

1 Anff

pinkish when young, green in
summer, then yellow in fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

75ft
22.5m ’

M

Prunus avium (Mazzard, sweet cherry)

Deciduous, spreading tree with
red-banded bark. Has sprays of white
flowers in spring, deep red fruits and
dark green leaves that turn red and
yellow in fall.

100ft 30m

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Sophora japonica 'Violacea'

Fast-growing, deciduous, round-headed
tree. Large sprays of pealike, white
flowers, tinged with lilac-pink, appear
in late summer and early fall.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

100ft 30m

Carya ovata (Shagbark hickory)

Deciduous tree with flaking, gray bark.
Has dark green leaves, usually consisting
of 5 slender leaflets, that turn golden-
yellow in fall.

100ft 30m

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Betula papyrifera
(Canoe birch, Paper birch)

Vigorous, deciduous, open-branched,
round-headed tree with peeling,
shiny, white bark, yellowish catkins
in spring and oval, coarsely
serrated leaves that turn clear
yellow in fall.

0 6 Z2-7 H7-1

75ft

22.5m

■I

Eucalyptus dalrympleana

(Mountain gum)

Vigorous, evergreen tree. Creamy-
white, young bark becomes pinkish-
gray, then peels. Leaves are long,
narrow and pendent. Clusters
of white flowers appear in late 100

summer and fall.

0 - 6 Z9-10 H10-9

75ft ^
22.5m ' 0

67

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

LARGE

WINTER/ALL YEAR

WHITE

GREEN

Betula pendula Tristis'

(Weeping birch)

Deciduous, slender, elegant tree with a
strongly weeping habit and white bark.
Oval, bright green leaves, with toothed
margins, provide excellent

. , i • .F ii 100ft 30i

golden color in fall.

6 Z2-7 H7-1

75ft

22.5m *

Eucalyptus coccifera

(Tasmanian snow gum,

Mount Wellington peppermint)

Evergreen tree with peeling, blue-gray
and white bark and aromatic, pointed,
gray-green leaves. Bears clusters
of white flowers, with numerous 100 r 30m
stamens, in summer.

1

0 6 Z9-11 HI 1-10 22™ •- "o

Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider gum)

Evergreen, conical tree with peeling,
cream, pinkish and brown bark. Leaves
are silver-blue when young, blue-green
when mature. Clusters of white flowers,
with numerous stamens, appear

. . 100ft 30r

in mid-summer.

A

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

75ft

22.5m

Eucalyptus johnstonii

Fast-growing, evergreen tree with
peeling, red to blue-green bark. Leaves
are rounded and apple-green when young
and spear-shaped, dark green and glossy
when mature.Clusters of white
flowers are followed by small, 100ft 30m

urn-shaped, seed capsules.

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9 22™ — ® 0

Quercus x turneri

Semievergreen, rounded, dense
tree. Lobed, leathery, dark green
leaves fall just before new foliage
appears in spring.

100ft 30m

Nothofagus dombeyi

Evergreen, loosely conical tree of
elegant habit with shoots that droop
at the tips. Leaves are sharply
toothed, glossy and dark green.

Quercus x hispanica 'Lucombeana'

(Lucombe oak)

Semievergreen, spreading tree with
toothed leaves, glossy, dark green
above, gray beneath.

100ft 30m

100ft 30m

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

6 Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MEDIUM

SPRING

GREEN/YELLOW

WHITE

Nothofagus betuloides

Evergreen, columnar tree with dense
growth of oval, glossy, dark green
leaves on bronze-red shoots.

0 A Z8-9 H9-8

100ft 30m

Nothofagus menziesii (Silver beech)

Evergreen, conical tree with silvery-
white bark when young. Produces
tiny, rounded, sharply toothed,
glossy, dark green leaves.

Z8-9 H9-8

100ft 30m

Umbellularia californica

(California laurel)

Evergreen, spreading tree with aromatic,
leathery, glossy, dark green leaves
and creamy-yellow flowers in
late spring. Pungent leaves may

. . . , 100ft 30m

cause nausea and headache
when crushed.

I

A ® Z7-9 H9-7 22 7 5 5 *-o

Salix alba var. vitellina

(Golden willow)

Deciduous, spreading tree, usually
cut back hard to promote growth
of strong, young shoots that are
bright orange-yellow in winter.
Lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves appear in spring.

0 A Z4-9 H9-1

75ft
22.5m '

Salix x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma
(Golden weeping willow)

Deciduous tree with slender, yellow
shoots falling to the ground as
a curtain. Yellow-green, young
leaves mature to mid-green.

100ft 30m

A Z6—9 H9-6

Malus baccata var. mandschurica

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree
with dark green leaves and a profusion
of white flowers in clusters in mid¬
spring, followed by long-lasting, small,
red or yellow crab apples.

50ft 15m

A Z3-7 H7-1

Malus hupehensis (Tea crabapple)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Has deep green leaves, large, fragrant,
white flowers, pink in bud, from
mid-to late spring, followed by
small, red-tinged, yellow crab
apples in late summer and fall.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Salix daphnoides (Violet willow)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Has lance-shaped, glossy, dark
green leaves, silver, male catkins in
spring and purple shoots with
bluish-white bloom in winter.

& A Z5-9 H9-5

69

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

MAGNOLIAS

A mature magnolia in full bloom makes a spectacular sight
in spring. Most magnolias are elegant in habit and though
slow-growing, eventually form imposing trees and shrubs.
The flowers are generally saucer-, star-, or goblet-shaped
and often have a subtle fragrance. Colors range from pure
white, to white flushed or stained with pink or purple, to
pink and rich red-purple. The genus includes some evergreen,
summer-flowering species. These, and cultivars that are not
fully hardy, are best planted against a sunny wall. Some
magnolias prefer acidic or neutral soil, but most tolerate
any soil provided it is humus-rich. Plenty of organic matter
should be dug into the soil before planting. Avoid planting
in exposed sites, as the flowers can be damaged by frost.

M. 'Vulcan' Magnolia black tulip ('Jurmagl')

M. grandiflora 'Exmouth'

M. x loebneri 'Leonard Messel'

M. x soulangeana M. 'Elizabeth'

'Rustica Rubra'

M. wilsonii

M. liliiflora 'Nigra'

M. x brooklynensis 'Yellow Bird'

MEDIUM

SPRING

WHITE

PINK

Prunus avium 'Plena'

Deciduous, spreading tree with
reddish-brown bark and masses
of double, pure white flowers in
spring. Dark green foliage turns
red in fall.

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Halesia monticola
(Mountain silverbell)

Fast-growing, deciduous, conical
or spreading tree. Masses of pendent,
bell-shaped, white flowers appear
in late spring before leaves,
followed by 4-winged fruits
in fall.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

50ft

15m

m

o

Malus 'Profusion'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Dark
green foliage is purple when young.
Cup-shaped, deep purplish-pink
flowers are freely borne in late
spring, followed by small,
reddish-purple crab apples
in late summer and fall.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-i , 5 5°m -

Prunus padus 'Watereri'

Deciduous, spreading tree with elliptic,
matt, dark green leaves. Bears long, stiff
racemes of cup-shaped, almond-scented,
white flowers, to 8in (20cm) long,
in late spring, followed by small,
pea-shaped, black fruits, bitter m

to the taste.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-i , 5 “ 1 o

Michelia doltsopa

Evergreen, rounded tree with oval,
glossy, dark green leaves, paler beneath.
Strongly scented, magnolia-like flowers,
with white to pale yellow petals, appear
in winter-spring.

50ft 15m

0 6 S5 Z9-11 Hll-1

Melia azedarach

(Chinaberry, bead tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has
dark green leaves with many
leaflets and fragrant, star-shaped,
pinkish-lilac flowers in spring,
followed by pale orange-yellow
fruits in fall.

6 Hii-io 15m

Fraxinus ornus (Manna ash)

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Has deep
green leaves with 5-9 leaflets. Panicles of
scented, creamy-white flowers appear in
late spring and early summer.

50ft 15m

0 6 ® Z6—9 H9-4

Prunus mahaleb

Deciduous, round-headed, bushy tree
that bears a profusion of fragrant,
cup-shaped, white flowers from mid- to
late spring. Rounded, glossy, dark green
leaves turn yellow in fall.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Pyrus calleryana 'Chanticleer'

Deciduous, conical tree with glossy
leaves that turn purplish in fall. Sprays
of small, white flowers appear in spring.
Resists fireblight.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

50ft 15m

Prunus jamasakura (Hill cherry)

Deciduous, spreading tree bearing
cup-shaped, white or pink flowers from
mid- to late spring. Oval leaves, bronze
when young, mature to deep green.

0 6 © Z5-8 H8-5

50ft 15m

71

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

MEDIUM

SPRING

SUMMER

PINK

YELLOW

WHITE

Prunus 'Kanzan'

Deciduous, vase-shaped tree. Large,
double, pink to purple flowers are borne
profusely from mid- to late spring amid
bronze, young leaves that mature
to dark green.

50ft 15m

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Magnolia 'Heaven Scent'

Vigorous, deciduous tree or shrub with
fragrant, vase-shaped flowers, each
with usually 9 petals that are pink
outside, white within, borne from
mid-spring to early summer.

Leaves are broadly elliptic
and glossy green.

0 b Z6-9 H9-6 , 5 5°m- - ^0

Aesculus x neglecta 'Erythroblastos'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves with

5 leaflets emerge bright pink, turn
yellow, then dark green, and finally
orange and yellow in fall. May bear
panicles of flowers in summer.

50ft 15m

0 £> ® Z5—8 H8-5

Quercus rubra 'Aurea'

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Large, lobed leaves are clear
yellow when young, becoming
green by mid-summer. Produces
best color in an open but
sheltered position.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Styrax japonicus

Deciduous, spreading tree bearing in
early summer a profusion of pendent,
fragrant, bell-shaped, white flowers
amid glossy, dark green foliage.

0 A E5 Z6-8 H8-6

Ostrya virginiana

(American hop hornbeam, Ironwood)

Deciduous, conical tree with dark
brown bark and deep green leaves,
yellow in fall. Has yellowish catkins
in spring, followed by greenish-
white fruit clusters.

0 6 Z5—9 H9-2

72

Paulownia tomentosa

(Empress tree, Princess tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has large,
lobed, mid-green leaves and terminal
sprays of fragrant, foxglove-like,
pinkish-lilac flowers in spring.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Prunus padus 'Colorata'

Deciduous, spreading tree, conical when
young. Produces pendent racemes of
fragrant, cup-shaped, pink flowers in
late spring, followed by small, black
fruits. Oval, purple young leaves
mature to dark green and turn
red or yellow in fall.

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1 , 5 5°m

Cleditsia triacanthos 'Sunburst'

Deciduous, spreading tree with fernlike,
glossy foliage that is golden-yellow
when young, deep green in summer.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Catalpa speciosa

Deciduous, spreading tree. Heads of
large, white flowers marked with yellow
and purple are borne in mid-summer
among glossy, mid-green leaves.

0 A Z4-8 H8-1

50ft 15m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Eucryphia cordifolia (Ulmo)

Evergreen, columnar tree bearing
oblong, wavy-edged, dull green
leaves, with gray down beneath.
Large, saucer-shaped, white
flowers are produced in late
summer and fall.

Pterostyrax hispida (Epaulette tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub
with aromatic, gray bark and oblong
to oval, mid-green leaves, 8in (20cm)
long. Large, drooping panicles of
small, bell-shaped, white flowers
are borne from early to
mid-summer.

Acer pseudoplatanus
'Simon Louis Freres'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Young
leaves are marked with creamy-white
and pink; older foliage is pale green
with white markings.

50ft 15m

A Z8-11 Hll-7

50ft _

15m ' 0

6 E5 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft ,

15m ’ ~ 0

6 Z4—7 H7-1

50ft _

15m 0

Catalpa bignonioides

(Indian bean tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Large,
light green leaves are purplish when
young. White flowers marked
with yellow and purple appear
in summer, followed by long,
cylindrical, pendent pods.

0 A Z5-9 H9-5 , 5 “ 1

Drimys winteri (Winter's bark)

Evergreen, conical, sometimes shrubby
tree with long, glossy, pale or dark green
leaves, usually bluish-white beneath.
Bears clusters of fragrant, star-shaped,
white flowers in early summer.

50ft 15m

0 A Z8—11 HI 1-8

Toona sinensis

Deciduous, spreading tree with shaggy
bark when old. Dark green leaves with
many leaflets turn yellow in fall. Bears
fragrant, white flowers in mid-summer.
Shoots are onion-scented.

50ft 15m

0 6 Z5-8 H12-10 , 5 5°m L

Quercus cerris 'Argenteovariegata'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Strongly
toothed or lobed, glossy, dark green
leaves are edged with creamy-white.

50ft 15m

Eucryphia x nymansensis 'Nymansay'

Evergreen, columnar tree. Some of the
leathery, glossy, dark green leaves are
simple, others consist of 3 (rarely 5)
leaflets. Clusters of large, white flowers
open in late summer or early fall.

0 A Z8-9 H9-8

PINK

Aesculus indica 'Sydney Pearce'

Deciduous, spreading tree with
glossy, dark green leaves, bronze
when young and orange or yellow
in fall. Pinkish-white flowers,
marked red and yellow, appear
from early to mid-summer.

i

0 6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

50ft

15m * ~ 0

Catalpa fargesii f. duclouxii

Deciduous, broadly columnar tree
grown for its bell-shaped, foxglove-like,
delicate pink flowers, from early to
mid-summer, followed by long,
pendulous seed pods. Has large,
heart-shaped, bright green
leaves ending in a long point.

0&Z6-8H8-5 , 5 5 “- -o

Sorbus pseudohupehensis

Deciduous, spreading tree with leaves
of 4-8 pairs of blue-green leaflets turning
orange-red in late fall. White flowers
in spring are followed by long-lasting,
pink fruits.

0 6 ©Z4-7 H7-3

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

MEDIUM

SUMMER

Broussonetia papyrifera
(Paper mulberry)

Deciduous, round-headed tree.

Dull green leaves are large, broadly
oval, toothed and sometimes lobed.
In early summer, small globes
of purple flowers appear on
female plants.

6 Z6-9 H9-6 , 5 5 “ •—

Quercus garryana (Oregon oak)

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with deeply lobed, glossy, bright
green leaves.

50ft 15m

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

50ft

15m ' 0

74

Populus tremula 'Pendula'

(European aspen)

Vigorous, deciduous, weeping
tree. Leaves, reddish when young,
gray-green in summer and yellow
in fall, tremble in the wind. Has
purplish catkins in late winter
and spring.

0 A Z2-8 H8-1 fsm J

Hovenia dulcis (Japanese raisintree)

Deciduous, spreading tree with large,
glossy, dark green leaves. In summer
it may bear small, greenish-yellow
flowers, the stalks of which become
red, fleshy and edible.

50ft 15m

0 6 Z6-8 H8-5

Acer negundo 'Variegatum'

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Has pinkish- then white-margined,
bright green leaves with 3 or 5 leaflets.
Inconspicuous, greenish-yellow flowers
appear in late spring.

0 £> Z5—8 H8-3

Fraxinus velutina (Arizona ash)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves vary
but usually consist of 3 or 5 narrow,
velvety, gray-green leaflets.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

50ft 15m

50ft

15m ’ 0

Meliosma veitchiorum

Deciduous, spreading tree with stout,
gray shoots and large, dark green,
red-stalked leaves with 9 or 11 leaflets.
Small, fragrant, white flowers in
late spring are followed by
violet fruits in fall.

0 6 z9-ii Hii-io

50ft 15m

Katopanax septemlobus

Deciduous, spreading tree with spiny
stems, large, 5-7-lobed, glossy, dark
green leaves and umbels of small,
white flowers, then black fruits in fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-4

50ft 15m

50ft

15m ’ 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Tilia cordata 'Rancho'

Deciduous, conical, dense tree,
spreading when young. Has small,
oval, glossy, dark green leaves, and
clusters of small, fragrant, cup-shaped,
yellowish flowers are borne in
mid-summer.

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

50ft

15m

1

Phellodendron chinense

Deciduous, spreading tree.

Aromatic leaves, with 7-13 oblong
leaflets, are dark green, turning yellow
in fall. Pendent racemes of greenish
flowers in early summer are
followed on female trees by
berry-like, black fruits.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft 15m

Idesia polycarpa

Deciduous, spreading tree with large,
heart-shaped, glossy, dark green
leaves on long stalks. Small, fragrant,
yellow-green flowers in mid-summer
are followed in fall, on female
plants, by red fruits hanging
in clusters.

0 A Z6-9 H9-6

50ft

15m

s

Quercus marilandica (Blackjack oak)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Large leaves,
3-lobed at the apex, are glossy, dark
green above, paler beneath, and turn
yellow, red or brown in fall.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

50ft
15m

50ft 15m

' 0

Cleditsia japonica

Deciduous, conical tree with a trunk
armed with spines. Shoots are purplish
when young. Fernlike leaves consist
of many small, mid-green leaflets.

0 6 Z8-11 Hll-8

Quercus macrocarpa (Bur oak)

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Large, oblong-oval, lobed,
glossy, dark green leaves turn
yellow or brown in fall.

50ft 15m

Alnus glutinosa Imperialis'

Slow-growing, deciduous, conical tree
with rounded, deeply cut, lobed leaves,
bright yellow until mid-summer,
later becoming pale green. Produces
yellow-brown catkins in ear
spring. Is useful grown in a
boggy area.

0 4 Z3-7 H7-1

Emmenopterys henryi

Deciduous, spreading tree. Large,
pointed, dark green leaves are bronze-
purple when young. Clusters of white
flowers (some bearing a large, white
bract) are rarely produced
in hot summers.

0 6 Z7-11 HI1-7

except

50ft 15m

Quercus ithaburensis
subsp. macrolepis

Deciduous or semievergreen,
spreading tree. Has gray-green
leaves with angular lobes.

0 6Z7-9 H9-6

50ft 15m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

MEDIUM

SUMMER

FALL

YELLOW

Catalpa bignonioides 'Aurea'

Deciduous, spreading tree with broadly
oval, bright yellow leaves, bronze when
young. Bell-shaped, white flowers,
marked with yellow and purple, borne
in summer, are followed by long,

tznf* 1 Cm

pendent, cylindrical pods, often
persisting after leaf fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

50ft

15m

d.

Ulmus minor 'Dicksonii'

(Dickson's golden elm)

Slow-growing, deciduous, conical tree of
dense habit. Carries small, broadly oval,
bright golden-yellow leaves.

0- 6 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft 15m

Robinia pseudoacacia 'Frisia 7

Deciduous, spreading tree with
luxuriant leaves divided into oval
leaflets, golden-yellow when young,
greenish-yellow in summer and
orange-yellow in fall.

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-3

RED

Acer rufinerve (Snake-bark maple)

Deciduous tree with arching branches
striped green and white. In fall, lobed,
dark green leaves turn brilliant red
and orange.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

50ft 15m

Oxydendrum arboreum

(Sourwood, sorrel tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree with glossy,
dark green foliage that turns bright red
in fall. Sprays of white flowers appear in
late summer and fall.

50ft 15m

■0 A S Z5-9 H9-3

Acer rubrum 'Columnare'

Deciduous, slender, upright tree with
lobed, dark green foliage becoming a
fiery column of red and yellow in fall.

50ft 15m

Acer davidii 'Madeline Spitta'

Deciduous tree with upright branches
that are striped green and white. Glossy,
dark green foliage turns orange in fall
after the appearance of winged, green
fruits that ripen reddish-brown.

50ft 15m

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Aesculus flava

(Sweet buckeye, Yellow buckeye)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Glossy,
dark green leaves, with 5 or 7 oval
leaflets, redden in fall. Has yellow
flowers in late spring and
summer followed by roun
fruits (chestnuts).

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

early

, 50ft 15m

Stewartia monadelpha

Deciduous, spreading tree with
peeling bark and glossy, dark green
leaves that turn orange and red in fall.
Small, violet-anthered, white flowers
appear in mid-summer, followed

cnft l

by small fruits.

0 A SiJ Z6-9 H9-6

50ft

15m

0

Acer henryi

Deciduous, spreading tree. Dark green
leaves with 3 oval, toothed leaflets turn
bright orange and red in fall.

50ft 15m

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

A

Prunus sargentii (Sargent cherry)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval, dark
green leaves are red when young,
turning brilliant orange-red in early
fall. Clusters of blush-pink flowers
appear in midspring.

50ft 15m

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Acer capillipes (Snake-bark maple)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has lobed,
bright green leaves that turn brilliant
red and orange in fall. Older branches
are striped green and white.

50ft 15m

Nyssa sinensis

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has long,
narrow, pointed leaves that are purplish
when young, dark green when mature
and brilliant scarlet in fall.

50ft 15m

Acer saccharum 'Temple's Upright'

Deciduous, columnar tree. In fall,
large, lobed leaves turn brilliant
orange and red.

f

Quercus x heterophylla

(Bartram's oak)

Deciduous, spreading tree with toothed,
glossy, bright green leaves that turn
orange-red and yellow in fall.

0 6 Z4—9 H8-1

50ft 15m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft 15m

Malus tschonoskii

Deciduous, conical tree with broadly
oval, glossy, mid-green leaves that
turn brilliant shades of orange, red
and purple in fall. Single, pink-tinged,
white flowers, in late spring,
are followed by red-flushed,
yellowish-green crab apples

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft 15m

Acer japonicum 'Vitifolium'

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy tree or
large shrub with large, rounded, lobed,
mid-green leaves that turn brilliant red,
orange and purple in fall.

6 Z5—7 H7-1

50ft 15m

Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood)

Deciduous, spreading, short-trunked
tree with flaking, gray and fawn bark.
Rich green leaves turn yellow, orange
and red-purple in fall. Small, red
flowers are borne on bare wood

, 50ft 1!

in early spring.

0 A Z4—7 H7-1

50ft

15m

77

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

ORNAMENTAL BARK

Of the many ornamental features offered by trees, including
flowers, fruit, and foliage, it is probably bark that makes the
greatest impact in a garden. This is partly because bark is
not transient and offers interest every day of the year and
throughout the mature life of the tree. Chosen carefully, trees
with ornamental bark can lighten up the darkest corner and
provide superb contrast to other plants. While maple (Acer),
birch ( Betula ), and cherry (Prunus) are obvious choices,
there are many other species with stunning, textured or
colored bark, such as the patterned stems of eucalyptus
and Stewartia. Some trees display their colorful bark from
an early age, others may take a few years to develop—but
the end result is well worth waiting for.

f

*J\

.A

I

Stewartia pseudocamellia

r 7 #7

A

Pmus bungeana

Betula util is var.

Betula ermanii

Quercus suber

Betula albosinensis

Prunus serrula

Betula nigra

Acer pensylvanicum 'Erythrocladum'

MEDIUM

FALL ALL YEAR

YELLOW

GREEN

Betula lenta (Sweet birch, cherry birch)

Deciduous, broadly spreading tree that
gives off a sweet fragrance when leaves,
shoots or bark are crushed. Has dark
red bark with purple flakes. Oval,
mid-green leaves, to 5in (12cm)
long, fleetingly turn vibrant
gold in fall.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-2

50ft

15m

Cladrastis kentukea (Yellowwood)

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Leaves
of 7 or 9 rounded-oval leaflets are dark
green, turning yellow in fall. Clusters
of fragrant, pealike, yellow-marked,
white flowers appear

. 50ft 1

in early summer.

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

50ft

15m ' 0

Fagus sylvatica 'Dawyck'

Deciduous, narrowly columnar tree
with upward-sweeping branches and
oval, lime-green leaves, which darken
as the season progresses, before
turning a rich copper color in
fall. The tree's form tends to
"broaden out" in maturity.

0 6 Z4—7 H9-4

50ft
15m

J

Fraxinus excelsior 'Pendula'

Deciduous tree with long, slender,
weeping branches, forming a spreading,
umbrella-like canopy. Produces dull green
leaves with 9-11 oval, shallowly toothed
leaflets. Most trees are grafted
onto F. excelsior at 10-16ft 50ft • 5m

(3-5m) above the ground.

A

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

50ft

15m

Acer pensylvanicum

(Snake-bark maple)

Deciduous, upright tree. Shoots
are boldly striped green and white.
Large, lobed, mid-green leaves
turn bright yellow in fall.

50ft 15m

0- 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Arbutus x andracbnoides

Evergreen, bushy, spreading tree
with peeling, reddish-brown bark
and glossy, dark green foliage.
Clusters of small, white flowers
in fall to spring are followed
by small, strawberry-like,
orange or red fruits.

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

50ft

15m

Eucalyptus pauciflora (Cabbage gum,
Weeping gum, White sallee)

Evergreen, spreading tree with peeling,
white, young bark and red, young
shoots. In summer, white flower
clusters appear amid glossy,
bright gray-green foliage.

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-10

Trochodendron aralioides

Evergreen, broadly conical tree with
glossy, dark green foliage. In late
spring and early summer bears
clusters of unusual, petal-less,
wheel-like, green flowers.

0 A Z6—11 H12-10

79

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

MEDIUM

ALL YEAR

SMALL

SPRING

GREEN

Trachycarpus fortunei
(Chusan palm, Windmill palm)

Evergreen palm with unbranched stem
and a head of large, deeply divided,
fanlike, mid-green leaves. Sprays of
fragrant, creamy-yellow flowers
appear in early summer.

0 6Z8-UH12-8 fsm- o

80

Quercus myrsinifolia

Evergreen, rounded tree with narrow,
pointed, glossy, dark green leaves,
reddish-purple when young.

50ft 15m

6 Z7-9 H9-6

50ft I
15m * 0

Jubaea chilensis
(Chilean wine palm, Coquito)

Slow-growing, evergreen palm with a
massive trunk and large, silvery-green
leaves. Has small, maroon and yellow
flowers in spring and woody,
yellow fruits in fall.

0 £> Z8-11 HU-9

Quercus agrifolia

(California live oak)

Evergreen, spreading tree bearing rigid,
spiny-toothed, glossy, dark green leaves.

50ft 15m

-0 6 Z9-11 Hll-9

50ft .

15m ’ 0

Laurus nobilis (Bay laurel, Sweet bay)

Evergreen, broadly conical tree with
narrowly oval, leathery, very aromatic,
glossy, dark green leaves, used in
cooking. Has small, star-shaped, pale
yellow flowers in spring, followed
by spherical to egg-shaped,
green then black fruits.

& Z8-11 Hii-i

50ft ■

15m 0

Salix babylonica var. pekinensis
'Tortuosa' (Dragon's-claw willow)

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with curiously twisted shoots and
contorted, narrow, tapering, bright
green leaves.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

WHITE

Crataegus flava (Yellow hawthorn)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has small,
dark green leaves and white flowers in
late spring and early summer, followed
by greenish-yellow fruits.

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

30ft 10m

30ft _

10m 0

Crataegus orientalis

Deciduous, spreading tree with
deeply lobed, hairy, dark green leaves.

A profusion of white flowers in late
spring or early summer is followed
by red fruits tinged with yellow.

30ft 10m

£i- 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Mespilus germanica (Medlar)

Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub.

Has dark green leaves that turn
orange-brown in fall, white flowers
in spring-summer and brown fruits in
fall, edible when half rotten.

30ft 10m

6 Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Prunus 'Shogetsu'

Deciduous, round-topped tree. In late
spring, pink buds open to large, double,
white flowers that hang in clusters from
long stalks. Mid-green leaves turn
orange and red in fall.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Malus 'Snowcloud'

Deciduous, compact tree of upright
habit, with oval, bronze leaves that turn
dark green. In spring, pink flower buds
open to produce masses of semidouble
to double, long-lasting, white
flowers, followed in late
summer by yellow fruits.

0 6 Z4-7 H7-4

30ft

10m

M

Aesculus californica
(California buckeye)

Deciduous, spreading, sometimes
shrubby tree. Dense heads of fragrant,
sometimes pink-tinged, white flowers
appear in spring and early
summer. Small, dark green
leaves have 5-7 leaflets.

0 6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

Prunus incisa (Fuji cherry)

Deciduous, spreading tree. White or
pale pink flowers appear in early spring.
Sharply toothed, dark green leaves are
reddish when young, orange-red in fall.

30ft 1 Om

-:§ ; - 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

30ft

10m ’ ~ 0

«

s

1 * ^

Amelanchier laevis

Deciduous, spreading tree or large
shrub. Oval, bronze, young leaves turn
dark green in summer, red and orange
in fall. Sprays of white flowers in
spring are followed by rounded,
fleshy, red fruits.

0 A Z5-9 H9-3

30ft

10m

i

81

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

SMALL

SPRING

WHITE

Prunus 'Taihaku' (Great white cherry)

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Very large, single, pure white flowers are
borne in mid-spring among bronze-red,
young leaves that mature to dark green.

& 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft 10m

PINK

Prunus x yedoensis (Yoshino cherry)

Deciduous, round-headed tree with
spreading, arching branches and
dark green foliage. Sprays of pink
buds open to white or pale pink
flowers in early spring.

30ft 10m

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-3

Prunus 'Ukon'

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.
Semidouble, pale greenish-white flowers
open from pink buds in mid-spring amid
pale bronze, young foliage that later
turns dark green.

30ft 10m
- T

Prunus 'Spire 7

Deciduous, vase-shaped tree, conical
when young. Soft pink flowers appear
profusely from early to mid-spring.
Dark green leaves, bronze when
young, turn brilliant orange-red

Prunus 'Pandora'

Deciduous tree, upright when young,
later spreading. Massed, pale pink
flowers appear in early spring. Leaves
are bronze when young, dark green
in summer and often orange

30ft II

and red in fall.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

• * J

30ft

10m 0

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft

10m ’ 0

6 ® Z6-8 H8-5

30ft

10m ’ ‘ 0

82

Prunus 'Shirotae'

Deciduous, spreading tree with slightly
arching branches. Large, fragrant, single
or semidouble, pure white flowers
appear in mid-spring. Foliage turns
orange-red in fall.

30ft 1 Om

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Prunus 'Hokusai'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval,
bronze, young leaves mature to dark
green, then turn orange and red in
fall. Semidouble, pale pink flowers
are borne in mid-spring.

30ft 10m

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

Malus x arnoldiana

Deciduous, low, spreading tree with
arching branches. In mid- to late spring
red buds open to fragrant, pink flowers
that fade to white. Bears small,
red-flushed, yellow crab apples
in fall. Leaves are oval.

Prunus 'Yae-murasaki'

Deciduous, spreading tree with bright
green leaves, bronze when young,
orange-red in fall. Semidouble, deep
pink flowers are produced in mid-spring.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z4—7 H7-4

30ft

10m

_

0

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft

10m ’ 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Prunus pendula 'Stellata'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Pink flowers
with narrow, pointed petals, red in bud,
open from early to mid-spring. Dark
green leaves turn yellow in fall.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft

10m ' 0

Prunus 'Accolade'

Deciduous, spreading tree with
clusters of deep pink buds opening
to semidouble, pale pink flowers
in early spring. Toothed, mid-green
leaves turn orange-red in fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

30ft

10m ^ ^0

Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree)

Deciduous, spreading, bushy tree.
Clusters of pealike, bright pink
flowers appear in mid-spring, before
or with heart-shaped leaves, followed
by long, purplish-red pods in
late summer.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-3

soft er 1

10m 0

Prunus 'Kiku-shidare-zakura'

Deciduous, weeping tree. Has double,
bright pink flowers that cover pendent
branches from mid- to late spring.

-:§ ; - 6 ® Z4—9 H9-1

30ft 1 Om

30ft _

10m ’ 0

Prunus 'Shirofugen'

Deciduous, spreading tree with bronze-
red leaves turning orange-red in fall.
Pale pink buds open to fragrant, double,
white blooms that turn pink before
they fade in late spring.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft 10m

30ft

10m ’ * 0

Prunus 'Pink Perfection'

Deciduous, upright tree that bears
double, pale pink flowers in late spring.
Oval leaves are bronze when young,
dark green in summer.

0 6 ®Z6-8 H8-5

30ft 1 Om

Malus x magdeburgensis

Deciduous, spreading tree with dark
green foliage. Dense clusters of large,
semidouble, deep pink flowers appear
in late spring, occasionally followed by
small, yellow crab apples in fall.

30ft 10m

-£> ; - 6 Z4—7 H7-4

30ft
10m ”

Prunus x subhirtella 'Pendula Rubra'

Deciduous, weeping tree that bears
deep pink flowers in spring before oval,
dark green leaves appear; these turn
yellow in fall.

&: 6 © Z6-8 H8-6

30ft 10m

Prunus persica 'Prince Charming'

Deciduous, upright, bushy-headed

tree with narrow, bright green leaves.
Double, deep rose-pink flowers are
produced in mid-spring.

&: 6 Z4-8 H8-1

30ft 1 Om

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

SMALL

SPRING

PINK

■

Malus floribunda

Deciduous, spreading, dense-headed
tree with pale pink flowers, red in bud,
appearing from mid- to late spring,
followed by tiny, pea-shaped, yellow
crab apples in fall.

30ft 10m

A

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

30ft

10m 0

Prunus "Pink Shell"

Deciduous, spreading tree with oval,
bronze-colored leaves that turn bright
green in early summer, then orange
in fall. In mid-spring, a profusion of
fragrant, 5-petaled, single, long-
stalked, shell-pink flowers
cover the branches.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

Acer pseudoplatanus
'Brilliantissimum'

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Lobed leaves are salmon-pink
when young, then turn yellow and
finally dark green in summer.

30ft 10m

84 - A

-:0; 6 Z4-7 H7-1

RED

Crataegus laevigata "Paul's Scarlet'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has
toothed, glossy, dark green leaves
and a profusion of double, red flowers
in late spring and early summer.

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-3

30ft

10m

m

■TV/

1 A

Acacia baileyana "Purpurea"

Evergreen, spreading tree with divided,
fernlike, 2-pinnate, bronze-purple, young
leaves that turn silver-gray later in spring.
From late winter to early spring produces
masses of spherical, golden-yellow
flower heads in dense racemes.

Is best grown against a wall.

0 £> eUziO-ll H12-10

30ft

10m

J

Malus "Royalty"

Deciduous, spreading tree with
glossy, purple foliage. Crimson-purple
flowers appear from mid- to late spring,
followed by dark red crab apples in fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Malus "Lemoinei"

Deciduous, spreading tree. Oval leaves
are deep reddish-purple when young,
later becoming tinged with bronze.
Wine-red flowers in late spring are
followed by dark reddish-purple
crab apples in fall.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

30ft
10m ’

Cercis canadensis "Forest Pansy'

Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub.

In mid-spring has flowers that are
magenta in bud, opening to pale pink,
before heart-shaped, reddish-purple
leaves appear.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z4-9 H9-2

YELLOW

Laburnum x watereri "Vossii"

(Voss's laburnum)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves,
consisting of 3 leaflets, are glossy, deep
green. Pendent chains of large, yellow
flowers are borne in late spring

, , 30ft 1C

and early summer.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-3 ,o“ ' - L

Sophora tetraptera

Semievergreen, spreading tree or
large shrub with dark green leaves
composed of many tiny leaflets.

Clusters of golden-yellow flowers
appear in late spring.

30ft 10m

0 6 ® Zll-15 H12-10 ,om

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

WHITE

Eucryphia lucida

Evergreen, upright, bushy tree with
narrow, glossy, dark green leaves and
fragrant, white flowers in early or
mid-summer.

A Z9-io hio-9

30ft 10m

Acer crataegifolium 'Veitchii'

Deciduous, bushy tree with branches
streaked with green and white. Small,
pointed, dark green leaves, blotched
with white and paler green, turn
deep pink and reddish-purple
in fall.

-:S:- 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Maackia amurensis

Deciduous, spreading tree with deep
green leaves consisting of 7-11 leaflets.
Dense, upright spikes of white flowers
appear from mid- to late summer.

30ft 10m

Eucryphia glutinosa

Deciduous, upright or spreading tree.
Glossy, dark green leaves, consisting
of 3-5 leaflets, turn orange-red
in fall. Large, fragrant, white
flowers appear from mid- to

1 + 30ft
late summer.

6 E5 zs-ii hh-8 , 3 0 “ >—

Hoheria lyallii

Deciduous, spreading tree with deeply
toothed, gray-green leaves. Clusters of
white flowers are borne in mid-summer.

6 Z9-11 Hll-10

30ft 10m

A

Hoheria angustifolia

Evergreen, columnar tree with narrow,
dark green leaves. Shallowly cup¬
shaped, white flowers are borne from
mid- to late summer.

r

30ft 10m

6 Z9-11 Hll-10

30ft

10m

0

Cornus kousa

Deciduous, vase-shaped tree or shrub
with oval, glossy, dark green leaves
that turn bright red-purple in fall.
Large, white bracts, surrounding
insignificant flowers, in e
summer, are followed by
strawberry-like fruits.

6 Z5-8 H8-5

30ft 10m

85

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

SMALL

SUMMER

in

LU

LLi

O'

PINK

Lagerstroemia indica 'Seminole'

Deciduous, compact, rounded tree
bearing trusses of mid-pink flowers,
with strongly waved petals, from
mid-summer to early fall. Narrowly
oval to oblong, dark green leaves
are bronze when young.

0 C> ZJ-9 H9-6

30ft
10m *

RED

Aesculus pavia 'Atrosanguinea'

Deciduous, round-headed, sometimes
shrubby tree. In summer, panicles
of deep red flowers appear among
glossy, dark green leaves, which
have 5 narrow leaflets.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Embothrium coccineum
(Chilean firebush, flameflower)

Evergreen or semievergreen, upright,
suckering tree with lance-shaped,
glossy, deep green leaves. Clusters
of brilliant orange-red flowers
are borne in late spring
and early summer.

0 4 eS Z8-11 Hll-8 ,o“

ft

86

Robinia x slavinii 'Hilleri'

Deciduous, round-headed tree. Pinnate,
pea-green leaves, with 9 or 11 oval¬
shaped leaflets, turn yellow in fall.

In early summer, pealike, lilac-
pink flowers are borne in loose

t-. , 30ft i c

racemes. Branches are prone
to wind damage.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5 , om —I o

Albizia julibrissin (Silk tree)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Large
leaves are light to mid-green and
divided into many leaflets. Clusters
of brushlike, clear pink flowers
appear in late summer or fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Mai us yunnanensis var. veitchii

Deciduous, upright tree with lobed,
heart-shaped leaves, covered with gray
down beneath. Bears white, sometimes
pink-tinged, flowers in late spring
and a mass of small, red-flushed,
brown crab apples in late
summer and fall.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-7

30ft

10m

Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra'

Deciduous, round-headed tree with
deep purple leaves, red when young.
Pink flowers are borne in profusion
from early to mid-spring.

0 6 ® Z5—9 H9-1

30ft

10m

A

m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FLOWERING DOGWOODS

A genus of around 50 species of hardy plants, Cornus is
perhaps best known for its shrubby dogwoods, such as
Cornus alba 'Sibirica', which produce brightly colored winter
stems. However, the flowering trees within this genus have
much to offer, as they are highly ornamental, ideal for small
gardens, and easy to grow—many accommodating a wide
range of soil types. The majority flower in late spring or
early summer. Their "flowers" consist of a rounded hub of
tiny blooms, surrounded by showy petal-like bracts, up to
3 in (7.5 cm) across on some cultivars, which range in color
from pure white, cream, and yellow to pink and red. In good
summers, attractive, edible, strawberry-like fruits develop
after flowering. Several species, such as Cornus kousa,
also produce striking fall leaf color.

C. kousa 'National' G kousa 'Miss Satomi'

C. controversa C. alternifolia 'Argentea' © C 'Porlock' ® C. mas

C. 'Eddie's White Wonder' ® C. kousa var. chinensis C. mas 'Aureoelegantissima'

TREES

SMALL

SUMMER

GREEN

Pseudopanax ferox

Evergreen, upright tree with long,
narrow, rigid, sharply toothed leaves
that are dark bronze-green overlaid
white or gray.

30ft 10m

Ehretia dicksonii

Deciduous, spreading tree with sturdy,
ridged branches and large, dark green
leaves. Large, flattish heads of small,
fragrant, white flowers are borne
in mid-summer.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

Juglans microcarpa

(Little walnut, Texas walnut)

Deciduous, bushy-headed tree with
large, aromatic leaves of many
narrow, pointed leaflets that turn
yellow in fall.

30ft 10m

&: 6 Z8-11 HI 1-8

30ft

10m “ 0

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

30ft

10m ' * "0

Pyrus salicifolia 'Pendula'

Deciduous, weeping, mound-shaped
tree with white flowers in midspring
and narrow, gray leaves.

Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'

Deciduous, strongly weeping tree
with sinuous branches. Leaves are
very large, rough and dull green.

30ft 10m

88 - A

-:Q:- 6 Z5-9 H9-5

30ft J
10m 0

0 6 Z3-9 H8-2

30ft 10m

Cydonia oblonga 'Vranja'

(Common quince)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Pale green
leaves, gray-felted beneath, mature
to dark green and set off large,
white or pale pink flowers in late
spring and, later, very fragrant, r
golden-yellow fruits.

6 Z5-9 H9-3

30ft
10m '

Betula pendula 'Youngii'

(Young's weeping birch)

Deciduous, weeping tree forming a
mushroom-shaped dome of thread¬
like branchlets. Has triangular,
serrated leaves and smooth,
white bark that is fissured
black at maturity.

0 6 Z2-7 H7-1

Acer carpinifolium (Hornbeam maple)

Deciduous tree of elegant habit, often
with several main stems. Prominent-
veined, hornbeam-like leaves turn
golden-brown in fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

30ft

10m * 0

Morus alba 'Laciniata'

(White mulberry)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has rounded,
deeply lobed, glossy leaves that turn
yellow in fall and bears edible, pink,
red or purple fruits in summer.

30ft 10m

6 Z4-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

YELLOW

RED

Paraserianthes lophantha

Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. Has fernlike, dark green leaves
comprising many leaflets. Creamy-
yellow flower spikes appear in
spring-summer.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Laburnum alpinum

(Scotch laburnum)

Deciduous, spreading tree. Leaves
consist of 3 leaflets and are glossy,
dark green. Long, slender chains
of bright yellow flowers appear
in late spring or early summer.

0 6 ® Z4-7 H7-4 ,2 —

Cornus florida 'Weldin'

Deciduous, spreading tree. Bears
white bracts, surrounding tiny flowers,
in spring. Dark green leaves, edged
with white and pink, turn red and
purple in fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-3

Koelreuteria paniculata
(Golden-rain tree, Pride of India)

Deciduous, spreading tree with
mid-green leaves, turning yellow in
fall. Bears sprays of yellow flowers
in summer, followed by inflated,

J 3

bronze-pink fruits.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

10m 0

Acer shirasawanum 'Aureum'

Deciduous, bushy tree or large
shrub. Has rounded, many-lobed,
pale yellow leaves.

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

30ft 10m

30ft *

10m ’ 0

Genista aetnensis
(Mount Etna broom)

Almost leafless, rounded tree with many
slender, bright green branches and a
profusion of fragrant, pealike, golden-
yellow flowers in mid-summer.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum'

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or
small tree with lobed, reddish-purple
foliage that turns brilliant red in fall.
Small, reddish-purple flowers are
borne in mid-spring.

30ft 10m

0 A Z6-8 H8-2

Mai us 'Veitch's Scarlet'

Deciduous, spreading tree with dark
green foliage. Carries white flowers in
late spring and crimson-flushed, scarlet
crab apples in fall.

0 6 Z4-7 H7-4

30ft 10m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

SMALL

FALL

RED

Photinia davidiana

Evergreen, spreading tree or large
shrub with narrow, glossy, dark green
leaves, older ones turning red in
fall. Sprays of white flowers in early
summer are followed by clusters
of bright red fruits in fall.

C) Z7-9 H9-7

30ft

10m

A

to

LU

LU

O'

Malus 'Cowichan'

Deciduous, spreading tree.

Has dark green foliage, reddish-
purple when young. Pink flowers
appear in mid-spring, followed
by reddish-purple crab apples.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Acer palmatum 'Osakazuki'

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub
or tree with large, 7-lobed, mid-green
leaves that turn brilliant scarlet in fall.
Clusters of small, reddish-purple
flowers are borne in mid-spring.

0 0 Z6-8 H8-2

Malus prunifolia

Deciduous, spreading tree. Has dark
green leaves and fragrant, white flowers
in mid-spring. In fall bears long-lasting,
small, red or occasionally yellowish
crab apples.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Malus 'Marshall Oyama'

Deciduous, upright tree with
dark green leaves. Pink-flushed,
white flowers borne in late spring
are followed by a profusion of
large, rounded, crimson and
yellow crab apples in fall.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-4

30ft 10m

90

Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium'

Deciduous, bushy tree or large shrub.
Deeply divided, mid-green leaves
turn red in fall. Reddish-purple flowers
appear in mid-spring.

30ft 10m

Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala

(Amur maple)

Deciduous, spreading tree or large
shrub. Clusters of fragrant, creamy-
white flowers are borne in early
summer amid dainty, bright
green leaves that turn red
in fall.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Rhus trichocarpa

Deciduous, spreading tree. Large,
ashlike leaves with 13-17 leaflets are
pinkish when young, dark green in
summer and purple-red to orange
in fall. Bears pendent, bristly,
yellow fruits.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

30ft

10m

A

n

Crataegus pedicellata

Deciduous, spreading tree with
sharply toothed, lobed, dark green
leaves that turn orange and red in
fall. White flowers with red anthers

in late spring are followed by
bright red fruits in fall.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

30ft

1 flm (

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Acer triflorum

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree with peeling, gray-brown bark.
Leaves, composed of 3 leaflets, are
dark green, turning brilliant

orange-red in fall. Clusters
of tiny, yellow-green flowers

appear in late spring.

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

30ft

10m

Malus 'Professor Sprenger'

Deciduous, rounded, dense tree.
Dark green leaves turn yellow in
late fall. White flowers, pink in
bud, open from mid- to late spring

and are followed by orange-red
crab apples in fall.

-:S:- 6 Z4-8 H 8-1

30ft

10m

0

Malus 'John Downie'

Deciduous tree, narrow and upright
when young, conical when mature.
White flowers, borne amid bright
green foliage in late spring.

are followed by large, edible,
red-flushed, orange crab
apples in fall.

6 Z5-8 H8-5

30ft 1 Om

S. thibetica 'John Mitchell' (D

S. vilmorinii ©

S. sargentiana

S. intermedia

S. aria 'Lutescens' ®

S. esserteauana

SORBUS

Comprising more than 100 hardy species, the genus Sorbus
includes a wide range of ornamental trees ideal for small to
medium-sized gardens. They provide a year-round display of
color and interest, with fragrant corymbs of cream flowers,
attractive, divided foliage, vibrant fall color, and decorative
berrylike fruits that last well into winter on some species.

Most members of this genus fall into one of two categories: the
Aucuparia group, which has pinnate leaves like rowan (Sorbus
aucuparia), and the Aria group, which has rounded or oval leaves,
such as whitebeam (Sorbus aria). Virtually all species are easy
to grow and thrive in full sun or dappled shade, and in well-
drained, fertile, acidic or alkaline soil, although species within
the Aucuparia group are not long-lived on shallow alkaline soils.

S. scalaris

S. cashmiriana ®

S. aucuparia ®

S. forrestii

S. x kewensis

S. commixta ©

91

TREES

SMALL

FALL WINTER

YELLOW

YELLOW

Malus 'Golden Hornet'

Deciduous, spreading tree with dark
green foliage and open cup-shaped,
white flowers in late spring. In
fall, branches are weighed down
by a profusion of golden-yellow
crab apples.

C> Z4-8 vja

30ft
10m *■

92

Picrasma quassioides (Quassia)

Deciduous, spreading tree with glossy,
bright green leaves, composed of 9-13
leaflets, that turn brilliant yellow-
orange and red in fall.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

30ft

10m

Acer laxiflorum

Deciduous, spreading tree with arching
branches streaked with white and green.
In late summer has pale red, winged
fruits. Pointed, red-stalked, dark green
leaves turn orange in fall.

0 £> Z6-7 H7-6

Acacia pravissima (Ovens wattle)

Evergreen, spreading, arching tree
or shrub. Has triangular, spine-tipped,
silver-gray phyllodes (flat, leaflike stalks)
and small heads of bright yellow flowers
in late winter or early spring.

30ft 10m

-0 6 Zll Hll-10

Acacia baileyana

Evergreen, spreading tree with divided,
fernlike, 2-pinnate, silvery-gray or blue-
gray leaves. From late winter to early
spring produces masses of spherical,
golden-yellow flower heads

, ... 30ft 10i

in dense, axillary racemes.

Is best grown against a wall.

6 zio-n mi-io

30ft

10m

Ilex aquifolium 'Amber'

Evergreen, much-branched, conical,
female tree with abundant, amber-
yellow berries. Mid-green stems
bear elliptic, usually entire, bright
green leaves.

30ft 10m

6 Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ALL YEAR

GREEN

Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata'

Deciduous, erect tree, with a very
distinctive flamelike outline that
becomes more open with age.
Oval, prominently veined, dark
green leaves turn yellow and
orange in fall.

30ft 1 Om

-:S:- 6 Z4-8 H8-i

30ft

10m ’ 0

Lithocarpus henryi

Slow-growing, evergreen, broadly
conical tree with glossy, pale green
leaves that are long, narrow and pointed.

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

30ft 1 Om

Pittosporum eugenioides
'Variegatum'

Evergreen, columnar tree. Wavy-edged,
glossy, dark green leaves have white
margins. Honey-scented, pale yellow
flowers are borne in spring.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z9-11 HI 1-10

Aralia elata 'Variegata'

Deciduous tree or shrub with sparse,
sturdy, prickly stems. Large, dark green
leaves, with cream margins, are divided
into numerous oval, paired leaflets.
Billowing heads of tiny, white
flowers, forming large panicles, 1

are borne in late summer.

6 Z4—9 H9-1 ,om - -o

Arbutus unedo (Strawberry tree)

Evergreen, spreading tree or
shrub with rough, brown bark
and glossy, deep green leaves.
Pendent, urn-shaped, white flowers
appear in fall-winter as previous
season's strawberry-like, red
fruits ripen.

0 6 Z8-9 H9-6 , 3 „“ —

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

I. crenata 'Convexa' (D

I. aquifolium 'Argentea Marginata' (D

I. aquifolium 'Silver Queen' (D

I. aquifolium
'Madame Briot' (D

I. aquifolium
'Silver Milkmaid' (D

I . x altaclerensis
'Belgica Aurea' (D

I. x altaclerensis 'Balearica' (D

I. aquifolium 'Golden Milkboy' (D /. aquifolium 'Ferox Argentea'

I. aquifolium 'Pyramidalis /. x altaclerensis 'Golden King'
Aureomarginata' ©

/. x meserveae blue princess
('Conapri') ®

HOLLIES

The common holly. Ilex aquifolium, is one of the best-known
evergreen trees, but many other Ilex cultivars make attractive
garden plants. In size they range from tall specimen trees
to small shrubs. Leaves may be smooth-edged or spiny
and vary in color, several having gold, yellow, cream,
white, or gray variegation. Small, often white, male and
female flowers, borne on separate plants during summer,
are followed by red, yellow, or black berries. In almost all
cases, hollies are unisexual—that is, the berries are borne
on female plants—so to obtain fruits it is usually necessary
to grow plants of both sexes. When choosing, don't rely
on variety names to sex plants; I. aquifolium 'Silver Queen'
is male. Hollies respond well to pruning and many
can be clipped to form hedges.

/. x altaclerensis I. pernyi ®

'Camelliifolia Variegata' ®

I. aquifolium ® I. verticillata ® /. x altaclerensis 'Camelliifolia' ®

I. aquifolium 'Bacciflava'

LARGE CONIFERS

BLUE

Cedrus atlantica f. glauca
(Blue Atlas cedar)

Conical conifer with silvery-blue
foliage that is very bright, especially
in spring. Erect, cylindrical cones
are produced in fall. Is widely
planted as a specimen tree.

0 (k Z6-9 H9-6

75ft 1

22.5m * 0

Cupressus cashmeriana

(Kashmir cypress)

Handsome, broadly conical conifer,
spreading with age, with aromatic
foliage borne in pendent, flat,
glaucous blue sprays. Bears
small, globose, dark brown,
mature cones.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

75ft

22.5m *

Pinus ayacahuite

(Mexican white pine)

Spreading conifer with weeping leaves
made up of lax, blue-green needles, to
6in (16cm) long, in bundles of 5. Pendent
cones are generally covered with

.. , , . , iooft3

sticky, white resin and may grow
lOin (25cm) or more long.

&■ 6 Z7-9 H9-7 22 7 5 5 * • ^

Abies concolor 'Argentea'

Conical conifer with silvery foliage that
contrasts well with dark gray bark.
Oblong to ovoid, pale blue or green
cones are 3-5in (8-12cm) long.

Pinus x holfordiana (Holford pine)

Broadly conical, open conifer with
large cones, brown when ripe.
Pendent, glaucous blue-green
leaves are held in clusters of 5.

# (k Z3-7 H7-1

100ft 30m

-£> ; - 6 Z6—7 H7-6

100ft 30m

75ft

22.5m 1 0

SILVER

Abies procera (Noble fir)

Narrowly conical conifer with
smooth, silvery-gray bark and
gray-green or bright blue-gray
leaves. Produces sturdy, cylindrical,
green cones, 6-1 Oin (15-25cm)
long, that ripen to brown.

(k Z5-6 H6-5

75ft __

22.5m 0

x Cuprocyparis 'Haggerston Grey'

Vigorous, upright, columnar conifer,
tapering at the apex. Has smooth
bark, becoming stringy with
age, flat sprays of pointed, gray-
green leaves, and dark brown
female cones. A popular
screening plant.

& 6 ® Z6-9 H12-9 22 7 5 “ - -

Pinus peuce (Macedonian pine)

Upright conifer, forming a slender
pyramid. Has dense, gray-green foliage
and cylindrical, green cones with
white resin that ripen brown in fall.

Is an attractive tree that grows
consistently well in all sites.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

75ft

22.5m 1 0

95

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

LARGE CONIFERS

GREEN

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
'Intertexta'

Elegant, weeping conifer with aromatic,
gray-green foliage carried in lax,
pendulous sprays. Old trees
become columnar with some

, , , , 100ft 30n

splayed branches.

0 A ® Z5-9 H9-5

96

Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi pine)

Erect, bushy, conifer with narrowly
oblong, pointed, needle-like, dark green
leaves, and "bubbly," brown bark
when mature. In winter, shoot tips
are covered in a protective, white
resin. Catkin-like female cones 100 r 30n
are borne on shoot tips.

0 Z7-H hi l-i

75ft

22.5m 0

Pinus strobus (Eastern white pine)

Conifer with an open, sparse, whorled
crown. Has gray-green foliage and
cylindrical cones. Smooth, gray bark
becomes fissured with age. Does not
tolerate pollution.

100ft 30m

0 A Z4—9 H9-1

Metasequoia glyptostroboides

(Dawn redwood)

Fast-growing, deciduous, upright
conifer with fibrous, reddish bark. Soft,
blue-green leaves turn yellow, pink and
red in fall. Cones are globose to
ovoid, 3 /4in (2cm) long.

0 4 Z5-10 Hll-8

Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca
(Blue Douglas fir)

Fast-growing, conical conifer with
thick, grooved, corky, gray-brown
bark, aromatic, glaucous blue-green
leaves, and sharply pointed buds.

„ , . .. iooft:

Cones have projecting,

3-pronged bracts.

0 A Z4-7 H7-1 22 ™ •

Pinus coulteri
(Big-cone pine, Coulter pine)

Fast-growing conifer with large,
broadly ovoid, prickly cones, each
2-4M£b (l-2kg). Gray-green leaves
in crowded clusters are sparsely
set on branches. Grows in all
soils, even heavy clays.

0 4 Z8-9 H9-8 22 7 5 5 * —

Cedrus deodara (Deodar cedar)

Fast-growing conifer, densely conical
with weeping tips when young, broader
when mature. Has spirally arranged,
needle-like, gray-green leaves and
barrel-shaped, glaucous cones,

3-5in (8-12cm) long,
ripening to brown.

0 A Z6-9 H9-6

75ft

22.5m

Abies veitchii (Veitch fir)

Upright conifer with dark green
leaves, silvery beneath, and
cylindrical, violet-blue cones.

100ft 30m

0 A Z3—6 H6-1

75ft

22.5m ' 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Pinus ponderosa

(Ponderosa pine, western yellow pine)

Conical or upright conifer, grown for
its distinctive, deeply fissured bark,
with smooth, brown plates, and
bold grayish-green foliage. Bears

. , , , 1 OOft 30m

ovoid, purplish-brown cones.

0 A Z5-8 H8-5

Pinus muricata (Bishop pine)

Fast-growing, often flat-topped conifer.
Leaves are blue- or gray-green and held
in pairs. Ovoid cones, 3-3%in (7-9cm)
long, rarely open. Does particularly
well in a poor, sandy soil.

100ft 30m

Larix decidua (European larch)

Fast-growing, deciduous conifer
with a conical crown when young,
broadening on maturity, and spaced
branches. Shoots are yellow-brown
in winter. Has light green leaves
and small, erect, conical cones.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

75ft

22.5m * 0

0 6 Z3-6 H6-1

75ft _

22.5m 0

Pinus jeffreyi (Black pine, Jeffrey pine)

Upright, narrow-crowned conifer
with sturdy, gray-green leaves, 5-10in
(12-26cm) long. Bark is black with
fine, deep fissures and shoots have
an attractive, grayish bloom.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree)

Long-lived, deciduous conifer, upright
when young, spreading with age. Has
fan-shaped, 5in (12cm) long, bright
green leaves. Bears fruits with edible
kernels in late summer and fall,
if male and female plants are 100 - 3
grown together.

0- 6 Z5-9 H9-3 22 7 5m •-,

Cedrus libani (Cedar of Lebanon)

Spreading conifer, usually with several
arching stems. Branches carry flat layers
of dark gray-green foliage and oblong
to ovoid, grayish-pink cones, 3-6in
(8-15cm) long.

100ft 30m

0 A Z6-9 H9-3

Rounded to broadly spreading conifer
with scaling, ocher-colored bark.
Weeping shoots bear narrow, bright
green leaves, to 30cm (12in) long,
in clusters of 3-5. Long-conical,
chestnut-brown cones have
a prickle on each scale.

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Sequoia sempervirens

(Coastal redwood)

Vigorous conical conifer with horizontal
branches. Has soft, fibrous, red-brown
bark and needle-like, flattened, pale green
leaves, spirally arranged. Rounded

. r j • i - ... 100ft 30 it

to cylindrical cones, initially
green, ripen to dark brown.

0- 6 Z8-9 H9-8 22 7 5m-0

Pinus wallichiana
(Bhutan pine, Himalayan pine)

Conical conifer with long, drooping,
blue-green leaves in 5s. Has smooth
bark, gray-green on young trees,
later fissured and dark, and

.... . 100f

cylindrical cones.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-5

Pinus pinaster

(Cluster pine, Maritime pine)

Vigorous, domed conifer with a long,
branchless trunk. Has gray-green
leaves and whorls of rich brown
cones. Purple-brown bark is
deeply fissured. Is well-suited
to a dry, sandy soil.

0- 6Z8-10 H10-7 2225

10Oft 30m

97

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

LARGE CONIFERS

GREEN

Picea abies

(Common spruce, Norway spruce)

Fast-growing, pyramidal conifer with
dark green leaves. Narrow, pendulous,
glossy, brown cones are 4—8in (10-20cm)
long. Much used as a
Christmas tree but less
useful as an ornamental.

0 A Z3-8 H8-1

100ft 30m

Pinus nigra subsp. nigra

(Austrian pine)

Broadly crowned conifer, with
well-spaced branches, often
with several stems. Paired, dark
green leaves are densely tufted.
Tolerates an exposed site.

0 A Z5-8 H8-4 22 7 5m

100ft 30m

Araucaria araucana

(Chile pine, Monkey puzzle)

Open, spreading conifer with gray
bark, wrinkled like elephant hide. Has
flattened and sharp, glossy, dark green
leaves and 6in (15cm) long cones.

» » . ~ A 100ft 3'

Makes a fine specimen tree.

0 z7-n mi-6

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Pinus radiata (Monterey pine)

Very fast-growing conifer, conical when
young, domed when mature. Black bark
contrasts well with soft, bright green
leaves. Makes an excellent windbreak.

0 A Z7-9 H9-7

100ft 30m

98

Abies grandis (Giant fir. Grand fir)

Very vigorous, narrow, conical conifer,
with a neat habit. Mid-green leaves have
an orange aroma when crushed. Cones,
3in (7-8cm) long, ripen red-brown.
Makes a useful specimen tree.

100ft 30m

0 A Z5—6 H6-5

Sequoiadendron giganteum

(Giant redwood, Wellingtonia)

Very fast growing, conical conifer. Has
thick, fibrous, red-brown bark and
sharp, bluish-green leaves. Is one
of the world's largest trees
when mature.

0 A Z6-9 H9-4

75ft

22.5m

J

Picea omorika (Serbian spruce)

Narrow, conical conifer, resembling
a church spire, with dark green leaves
that are white below. Branches are
pendulous and arch out at tips.
Violet-purple cones age to
glossy brown. Grows steadily j

in all soils.

0 4 Z4-8 H8-1 22 7 5m 1

Pinus heldreichii (Bosnian pine)

Dense, conical conifer with scaly,
ash-gray bark and dark green leaves
held in pairs. Ovoid cones, 2-4in
(5-1 Ocm) long, are cobalt-blue in early
summer, ripening to brown.

100ft 30m

0 A Z4-8 H8-1

75ft

22.5m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

MEDIUM CONIFERS

GREEN/YELLOW

x Cuprocyparis 'Castlewellan'

Upright, vigorous conifer, slightly slower
growing than the species, grown for its
bronze-yellow foliage.

0 6 ® Z6—9 H12-9

100ft 30m

75ft

22.5m ' 0

Picea orientalis 'Skylands'

Dense, upright, graceful conifer with
short, glossy leaves that retain their
creamy-gold color throughout the
year. Narrowly oblong cones are
dark purple, males turning

, . i , . 100f

brick-red in spring.

BLUE

Picea engelmannii

(Engelmann spruce, Mountain spruce)

Broadly conical conifer. Leaves encircle
shoots and are prickly or soft, lush,
glaucous or bluish-green. Bears
small, cylindrical cones. Is good

„ 50ft 15

for a very poor site.

Picea breweriana (Brewer's spruce)

Upright conifer with level branches
and completely pendulous branchlets,
to 6ft (2m) long. Leaves are sturdy and
blue-green. Bears oblong, purplish
cones, 2V£-3in (6-8cm) long.

Tsuga mertensiana 'Glauca'

Slow-growing, dwarf or medium-sized,
columnar-conical conifer with red-brown
shoots bearing spirally arranged,
needle-like, flattened, glaucous,
silver-gray leaves. Cones are

, , 50ft 15m

yellow-green to purple,
ripening to dark brown.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
'Pembury Blue'

Magnificent, conical conifer with
aromatic, bright blue-gray foliage
held in pendulous sprays.

0 6 ® Z5—9 H9-5

50ft 15m

50ft

15m * 0

0 A Z5-8 H8-5 22 7 5m • 0 0 A Z3-8 H8-1

50ft

15m ' ' 0

0 A Z6-8 H8-6

50ft

15m ■" 0

0 A Z6-8 H8-6

50ft

15m ’ 0

Taxodium distichum
(Bald cypress, Swamp cypress)

Deciduous, broadly conical conifer with
small, globose to ovoid cones. Yewlike,
fresh green leaves turn rich brown
in late fall. Grows in a very wet

, . , 100ft 30i

site, producing special
breathing roots.

Picea glauca 'Coerulea'

Dense, upright, conical conifer with
needle-like, blue-green to silver leaves
and ovoid, light brown cones.

Picea pungens 'Koster'

Upright conifer with whorled branches.
Has scaly, gray bark and attractive,
needle-like, silvery-blue leaves, which
fade to green with age. Tends to suffer
from aphid attack.

50ft 15m

Pinus parviflora
(Japanese white pine)

Slow-growing, conical or spreading
conifer with fine, bluish foliage and
purplish-brown bark. Leaves are
held in 5s. Bears ovoid cones,

2-4in (5-1 Ocm) long.

I

0 A Z5-11 H12-5

75ft

22.5m * 0

0 A Z2-6 H6-1

50ft

15m 1 0

0 6 Z2-8 H8-1

50ft

15m * 0

0 A Z6-9 H9-6

50ft

15m 1 0

99

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

MEDIUM CONIFERS

GREEN

Abies forrestii (Forrest fir)

Conical conifer with an open,
whorled habit and smooth, silvery-
gray bark. Shoots are red-brown,
with spherical, white buds. Has
dark green leaves, silvery-white
beneath, and ovoid-cylindrical,
violet-blue cones.

0 AZ5-6H6-5 , 5 s“ —

i

0

Juniperus chinensis 'Keteleeri'

Dense, regular, slender, columnar
conifer with scalelike, aromatic,
grayish-green leaves and peeling,
brown bark. Makes a reliable, free-
fruiting form for formal use.

50ft 15m

50ft

0 6 Z3-9 H9-i ,5m

Fitzroya cupressoides
(Patagonian cypress)

Vase-shaped to sprawling conifer with
red-brown bark that peels in long strips.
White-lined, dark green leaves are held
in open, pendulous, wiry sprays.

100

0 Z7-9 H9-7

Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce)

Upright conifer with bluish-white leaves
are well-spaced. Cones, 3-6in (8-15cm)
long, are cylindrical, females bright red
when young, ripening to purple; male
cones are pink.

50ft 15m

0 <k Z4—8 H8-6

Pinus thunbergii

(Japanese black pine)

Rounded conifer, conical when young,
with dark green leaves and gray-
brown cones, l 1 /^-2 1 / 4in (4-6cm)
long. Buds are covered with a
silky cobweb of white hairs.

Tolerates sea spray well.

0 <k Z5-8 H8-5

50ft
15m

A

Pinus rigida (Northern pitch pine)

Conical conifer, often with sucker shoots
from trunk. Twisted, dark green leaves
are borne in 3s. Ovoid to globose,
red-brown cones, T!4-3in (3-8cm)
long, persist, open, on the tree.

50ft 15m

i

0- <k Z4—7 H7-4

50ft

15m 0

Podocarpus salignus

Upright conifer. Leaves are willow¬
like, 2-4in (5-1 lcm) long, and glossy
above. Attractive, fibrous, red-brown
bark peels in strips.

Austrocedrus chilensis
(Chilean incense cedar)

Conical conifer with flattened, feathery
sprays of 4-ranked, small, dark green
leaves, white beneath.

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8

50ft 15m

0 <k Z8-10 HU-8

50ft 15m

Juniperus recurva var. coxii

(Coffin juniper)

Slow-growing, conical conifer with
smooth bark flakes in thin sheets.
Weeping sprays of long, needle¬
like, aromatic, incurved leaves
are bright green. Globose or
ovoid, fleshy berries are black.

0 6 Z7-U HU-7 fs"

J

0

Cunninghamia lanceolate

(Chinese fir)

Upright conifer, mop-headed on a dry
site, with distinctive, thick and deeply
furrowed, red-brown bark. Glossy,
green leaves are sharply pointed
and lance-shaped.

0 (\ Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Phyllocladus trichomanoides

Slow-growing conifer, conical when
young, developing a more rounded top
with age. Leaflike, deep green, modified
shoots, 4-6in (10-15cm) long, have 5-10
lobed segments.

50ft 15m

0 4 hi 1-9

Sciadopitys verticillata
(Japanese umbrella pine)

Conical conifer with reddish-brown
bark. Deep green leaves, yellowish
beneath, are whorled at the ends
of shoots, like umbrella spokes.
Ovoid cones ripen over 2 years.

Calocedrus decurrens (Incense cedar)

Upright conifer with short, horizontal
branches and flaky, gray bark, brown
beneath. Has flat sprays of aromatic,
dark green leaves. Resists honey fungus.

0 4 Z5—9 H9-4

50ft

15m ' 0

0 6 Z5-8 H8-i

50ft

15m ’ 0

Picea morrisonicola (Taiwan spruce)

Upright, conical conifer, becoming
columnar with age. Needle-like,
deep green leaves are pressed
down on slender, pale brown
shoots. Cones are cylindrical
and 2-3in (5-7cm) long.

0 (k Z7-9 H9-7

50ft
15m

J

Pinus cembra (Arolla pine)

Dense, conical conifer with dark green
or bluish-green leaves grouped in 5s.
Ovoid, bluish or purplish cones, 2 1 /£- 3in
(6-8cm) long, ripen brown.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

50ft 15m

50ft

15m ' 0

Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata' (Irish yew)

Slow-growing conifer with a broadly
conical, later domed crown. Erect
branches bear needle-like, flattened,
dark green leaves that stand out
all around shoots. Female plants
bear cup-shaped, fleshy, bright t
red fruits.

0 6 ® Z7-8 H8-7 , 5 5 “ L

Pinus contorta var. latifolia

(Lodgepole pine)

Conical conifer with bright green leaves,
2V2-4in (6-9cm) long. Small, oval cones
remain closed on the tree. Is suitable
for a wet or coastal site.

0 4 Z6-8 H8-6

Torreya californica
(California nutmeg)

Upright conifer with very prickly,
glossy, dark green leaves, yellowish-
green beneath, similar to those of
yew. Fruits are olive-like.

50ft 15m

-0 6 Z7-11 H12-7

Chamaecyparis thyoides

(White cypress)

Upright conifer with aromatic, green
or blue-gray leaves in rather erratic,
fan-shaped sprays on very fine shoots.
Cones are small, round and
glaucous blue-gray.

0 4 © Z3-8 H8-1

50ft 15m

101

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

Trees

MEDIUM CONIFERS

GREEN

YELLOW

Pinus banksiana (Jack pine)

Slender, conical, scrubby-looking
conifer with fresh green leaves in
twisted, divergent pairs. Curved cones,
114-2V&in (3-6cm) long, point forward
along shoots.

50ft 15m

& 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Cupressus sempervirens 'Stricta'

(Italian cypress)

Narrow, columnar conifer with upward
sweeping branches. Has fissured bark
and scalelike, deep green leaves. Bears
globular, prickly, woody, brown

. A-t /' to a 50ft 15

cones, to l%m (3cm) across.

102 ...

-:Q:- 6 Z7-9 H9-3

50ft

15m ’ 0

Tsuga canadensis

(Canada hemlock, Eastern hemlock)

Broadly conical conifer, often with
several stems. Gray shoots have
2-ranked, dark green leaves,
often inverted to show silver
lines beneath. Cones are
and light brown.

<k Z4—8 H8-1

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
'Green Pillar'

Conical conifer with upright branches.
Aromatic foliage is bright green
and becomes tinged with gold
in spring. Is suitable for hedging
as requires little clipping.

<k ® Z5-9 H9-5

Pinus contorta

(Beach pine, Shore pine)

Dense, conical or domed conifer.

Has paired, bright green leaves and
conical to ovoid cones, VA-3in (3-8cm)
long. Is well-suited to a v
barren site and tolerates
waterlogged ground.

0 A Z6-8 H8-6

50ft 15m

Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)

Conical, open-crowned conifer with
an open growth of bright green leaves,
2 1 /£-4 1 /£in (6-1 lcm) long, and ovoid,
glossy, brown cones. Young trees
retain glaucous, juvenile needles

„ , 50ft 1!

for several years.

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

50ft

15m

A

Pseudolarix amabilis (Golden larch)

Deciduous, open-crowned conifer,
slow-growing when young. Has clusters
of linear, fresh green leaves, l- 2 V 2 in
(2.5-6cm) long, which gradually turn
bright orange-gold in fall.

50ft 15m

(k Z5—9 H9-4

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
'Lanei Aurea'

Upright conifer that forms a neat
column of aromatic, golden-yellow
tipped foliage.

(k ® Z5-9 H9-5

50ft 15m

Taxus baccata 'Lutea'

(Yellow-berried yew)

Slow-growing conifer grown for its
fleshy, bright golden-yellow fruits.
These look particularly striking against
the needle-like, dark green
leaves and are often borne
in great profusion in fall.

6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SMALL CONIFERS

GREEN

Pinus aristata (Bristlecone pine)

Slow-growing, bushy conifer. Leaves
are in bundles of 5, very dense and
blue-white to gray-green, flecked with
white resin. Ovoid cones, 116-4in (4—10cm)
long, have bristly prickles. Is the
oldest known living plant,
over 4,000 years old.

0 6 Z2-10 H9-1

30ft
10m '

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
'Columnaris'

Narrow, upright conifer that forms
a neat column of aromatic, blue-gray
foliage. Will tolerate poor soil and
some clipping. Is an effective,
small, specimen tree.

0 (k ® Z5-9 H9-5

Picea mariana 'Doumetii'

Densely branched, globose or broadly
conical conifer with short, needle-like,
silvered, dark green leaves and
pendulous, ovoid, purplish cones.

30ft 10m

Juniperus chinensis 'Obelisk'

Slender, irregularly columnar conifer.
Has ascending branches and long,
prickly, needle-like, aromatic, dark green
leaves. Tolerates a wide range of soils
and conditions but is particularly
suited to a hot, dry site.

0 6 Z2-6 H6-1

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

30ft

10m ' * 0

Juniperus recurva (Drooping juniper,
Himalayan weeping juniper)

Slow-growing, conical conifer with
aromatic, incurved, gray- or blue-green
leaves and fleshy, black berries. Smooth
bark flakes in thin sheets.

30ft 10m

0 6 Z7-11 HI1-7

Juniperus chinensis 'Robusta Green'

Slow-growing, narrow, columnar
conifer, making only 3in (7-8cm) a year,
with aromatic, blue-green foliage and
small, gray-green juniper berries.

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

30ft

10m

30ft 10m

0

Pinus cembroides
(Mexican stone pine, Pinyon)

Slow-growing, bushy conifer,
rarely more than 20-22ft (6-7m)
high. Scaly bark is a striking silver-
gray or grayish-brown. Leaves,
in clusters of 2 or 3, are sparse
and dark green to gray-green.

0 6 Z2-10 H9-1 ,o°m

103

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TREES

TREES

SMALL CONIFERS

GREEN

YELLOW

Abies koreana (Korean fir)

Broadly conical conifer. Produces
cylindrical, violet-blue cones when
less than 3ft (lm) tall. Leaves are
dark green above, silver beneath.

30ft 10m

0 A Z5-7 H6-6

30ft 1
10m 0

Cryptomeria japonica 'Cristata'

Conical conifer with twisted, curved
shoots and soft, fibrous bark. Foliage
is bright green, ageing brown.

30ft 10m

Taxus cuspidata (Japanese yew)

Evergreen, spreading conifer. Leaves
are dark green above, yellowish-green
beneath, sometimes becoming tinged
red-brown in cold weather. Tolerates

very dry and shady conditions.

30ft 10m

Cryptomeria japonica 'Pyramidata'

Narrowly columnar or obelisk-shaped
conifer. Foliage is blue-green when
young, maturing to dark green.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-4

30ft 10m

30ft

10m ' 0

Pinus sylvestris 'Aurea'

Upright conifer that develops a rounded
crown with age. Bark is flaking and
red-brown on upper trunk, fissured and
purple-gray at base. Golden-yellow leaves
seen in winter-spring, otherwise

, , „ 30ft 10m

blue-green. Green cones ripen
to pale gray- or red-brown.

Cedrus deodara 'Aurea'

Slow-growing, upright conifer with
pendent branch tips and golden-yellow
leaves when young in spring-summer.
Foliage matures to yellowish-green.
Makes a dramatic, small-

, 30ft 10

garden evergreen.

0 A Z6-9 H9-6 ,om o

Cbamaecyparis obtusa 'Crippsii'

Attractive, small-garden, conical
conifer, grown for its flattened sprays
of aromatic, bright golden foliage.
Bark is stringy and red-brown.

Cones are round, V£in (1cm)
across, and brown.

0 A Z6-9 H9-4

30ft

10m ’ 0

0 £> ® Z5-7 H7-1

30ft

10m ‘ 0

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

30ft

10m ’ 0

0 A ® Z4-8 H8-1

30ft

10m ' 0

Tbujopsis dolabrata 'Variegata'

Slow-growing, broadly conical,
bushy conifer. Sturdy, hatchet-shaped
leaves have irregular, creamy patches
above and are silvery beneath.

104 ...

A Z5-7 H7-5

30ft 10m

30ft J
10m 0

Pinus pinea

(Stone pine, Umbrella pine)

Conifer with a rounded crown on a short
trunk. Leaves are dark green, but blue-
green, juvenile foliage is retained
on young trees. Broadly ovoid
cones ripen shiny brown;
seeds are edible.

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-9

#[

30ft , _

10m 0

Cupressus macrocarpa 'Goldcrest'

Fast-growing, conical conifer with
aromatic, golden-yellow foliage
held in plumelike sprays that are
useful in flower arrangements.

Dislikes clipping.

30ft 10m

-0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DWARF CONIFERS

Dwarf conifers are valuable plants, especially for the small
garden, requiring little attention and providing year-round
interest. They can be planted as features in their own right,
for their varied shapes, habits, and often striking colors,
or, in the rock garden, to provide scale or act as a foil for
other plants such as bulbs. Several species and cultivars
are spreaders and good for groundcover. Most conifers
are suited to a wide range of growing conditions, although
Cedrus and Juniperus do not tolerate shade, and Juniperus
and Pinus are best for dry, sandy soils. Some species may
be clipped to form a low hedge, but new growth seldom
occurs from wood more than 3 or 4 years old. Dwarf
conifers also make excellent container plants.

Thuja plicata Pinus heldreichii 'Smidtii'

'Stoneham Cold'

Abies cephalonica
'Meyer's Dwarf'

Podocarpus nivalis

Picea abies 'Ohlendorffii'

Picea pungens 'Globosa'

Juniperus squamata 'Holger'

Juniperus squamata Taxus baccata Juniperus scopulorum Microbiota decussata

'Blue Carpet' 'Dovastonii Aurea' CD 'Skyrocket'

Platycladus orientalis
'Aurea Nana' (D

Abies concolor 'Compacta'

Pinus mugo 'Mops' Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'Old Gold' Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis'

Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea'

105

SHRUBS

Shrubs are key to any planting design, and provide color
and interest throughout the seasons with their wide variety
of foliage, flowers, fruits, and stems. Create a year-round
display with a selection of beautiful spring- and summer¬
flowering shrubs, such as weigelas, buddlejas, and philadelphus,
together with those that sport brightly colored fall fruits, such as
pyracanthas and cotoneasters. You can then include witch hazels
and some species of honeysuckle to brighten bleak winter
months with their fragrant flowers. Whatever the size
or style of your garden, the permanent woody structure of
shrubs will form the framework, so make your selection and
plant them before the perennials. Some shrubs are also

ideal plants for hedges, enclosures, and screens.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

Star performers, shrubs form the backbone of many garden designs.
They can be used together in shrub borders or with other plant groups
in mixed displays. Providing color and interest with their foliage,
flowers, and fruits, many also offer scented blooms and colorful stems.

SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP

Large

Medium

Small

over 10ft

5-1 Oft

up to 5ft

(3m)

(1.5-3m)

(1.5m)

ABOVE Spring color

The flowering stems of Exochorda x macrantha
'The Bride' arch gracefully above forget-me-nots
(Myosotis sylvatica), daisies (Beilis perennis), and
Tulipa 'Couleur Cardinal'.

What are shrubs?

Shrubs are woody-stemmed, deciduous or
evergreen plants that branch out at or near
ground level. Some can grow to more than
20ft (6m) in height, although most attain less
than half this size. Leaves come in many
forms, from large and glossy to gray and
needlelike. There is sometimes an overlap
between shrubs and trees because larger
shrubs, such as flowering dogwoods
[Cornus species), can be grown on a single
stem. Subshrubs are another anomaly,
with woody stems at the base, but softer
top growth that may die back over winter
in colder regions, like a perennial. Examples
include ceratostigmas and fuchsias.

Choosing shrubs

When selecting shrubs, focus on those
whose needs match your garden conditions.
In general, shrubs with large, dark green
leaves require shade; plants with gray
foliage, such as lavender, require sun; and
shrubs with colorful leaves need full sun
or partial shade. Also consider the shrub's
size and site it where it has space to mature,
unless you are planning a topiary display.

Designing with shrubs

When creating a shrub display, try to
combine plants with different shapes,
habits, flower seasons, and foliage forms
and patterns to create a visually balanced
scheme and year-round interest. Knit them
together in a shrub bed, or use them to
provide a backdrop to more transient
displays of bulbs, perennials, and annuals
in a mixed border.

The shape and habit of shrubs provides
a design with structure and form. Contrast
low, spreading, prostrate or mat-forming
shrubs, such as Juniperus procumbens and
Cotoneaster horizontalis, with more upright
forms, such as Rosmarinus officinalis 'Miss
Jessopp's Upright', and the rounded shapes
of bushy shrubs like hebes, skimmias,
or boxwood topiary. Mix in shrubs with
tiered branch structures, such as Viburnum
plicatum 'Mariesii', which provide strong
horizontal lines in a scheme. Graceful,
arching shrubs, such as Kolkwitzia amabilis,
Buddleja aiternifolia, and Genista tenera
'Golden Shower' add an elegant note.

A wide range of shrubs are suitable for
creating hedges, enclosures, or screens.

RENOVATING A SHRUB

When evergreens such as mahonias have outgrown their allotted space,
many can be cut back hard from mid-winter to early spring after flowering.
The plant may not flower for two years after such drastic pruning, but its

overall appearance will be much improved. Other shrubs that respond
well to this form of renovation include buddlejas, forsythias, kerrias, and
smoke trees ( Cotinus ). Some, such as rosemary and lavender, do not.

108

New growth after pruning

1 Remove tall stems

Remove all dead and diseased
wood, taking it back to healthy growth.
Then prune back tall stems, removing
them a little at a time so that they
do not tear at the base. At this stage,
cut the stems to about 24in (60cm)
high, keeping in mind the plant's
balanced shape as you prune.

2 Make final pruning cuts

Prune out any remaining
crossing stems. Once you have
cut back the tall growths, check
where you can make your final
pruning cuts. Cut out the old
growths completely to leave
five or six strong young stems.

3 Cut back

remaining stems

Cut back the young healthy stems
that are left, so that they are 12—16in
(30-40cm) above the ground. The
final cuts should be at an angle so
rainwater can run off. Later in the year,
a mass of young shoots will appear
along these stems (see left).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

KEEPING SHRUBS IN SHAPE

Many young plants and shrubs, such as
daphnes, produce long, leggy growths in spring
or early summer after flowering. They do not
require major pruning, but a light trim will
produce a more compact, bushy shrub that
will be covered in flowers the following year.

1 Assess your plant

In early summer, after daphnes have flowered,
young leggy shoots sprout from the main stems.
Before cutting them back, take a look at the shrub
to see where to cut to produce a well-shaped plant.

ABOVE: Contrasting foliage

The golden leaves of Choisya ternata Sundance ('Lich')
provide a glowing contrast with the adjacent rich pink-
red Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow' and dark purple
Cotinus coggygria 'Royal Purple'.

As well as evergreen staples like boxwood
(Buxus), privet ( Ligustrum ), and shrubby
honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida), which
are commonly used, consider colorful
deciduous shrubs, like the prickly Berberis
thunbergii and its cultivars, or the
evergreen Photinia x fraseri 'Red Robin',
which produces fiery young foliage in
spring and after clipping.

Certain shrubs are also ideal for topiary,
their small leaves lending themselves to
detailed shaping. Suitable shrubs include
boxwood and shrubby honeysuckle.

Shrubs such as fuchsias, hebes, fatsias,
and choisyas are ideal for containers.

Pots also limit the size of larger shrubs.

Spring pastels

Ceanothus flowers appear in late spring, decorating
the garden with various shades of blue and white.
These short-lived evergreens enjoy a warm, sunny site.

Year-round interest

There is a shrub in flower almost every
month of the year. Interest begins in spring
with a range of colorful varieties, including
flowering currants ( Ribes ), ceanothus, and
rhododendrons. The display continues
with an abundance of summer-flowering
shrubs like fuchsias, hydrangeas, buddlejas,
and spiraeas, followed in fall by a range of
colorful berries offered by plants such as
pyracanthas, cotoneasters, and Skimmia
japonica. Many shrubs retain their fruits
into winter, providing birds and wildlife
with a much-needed supply of food.

As temperatures fall, the fragrant flowers
of witch hazel ( Hamamelis ), mahonias, and
winter box ( Sarcococca ) open, bringing
new interest to the garden. Combine these
with the vivid stems of coppiced dogwoods
(Cornus species) and variegated evergreens
for a dramatic winter scheme.

Feast of berries

The bright red berries of a female Skimmia japonica,
produced where plants of both sexes are grown
together, persist well into winter.

2 Shorten leggy growths

Using a pair of pruners, shorten the leggy
growths by 6-8in (15-20cm). It is important that
you always prune immediately above a leaf bud
with an angled, slanting cut, as shown above.

3 Work around the plant

Circle the plant, shortening each of the whippy
stems, and checking that you are maintaining a
good shape. The cut stems will then produce
bushier growth and more flowers the following year.

109

(c) 2012 Doding Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

LARGE

SPRING

WHITE

Osmanthus delavayi

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with

arching branches. Has small, glossy,
dark green leaves and a profusion of
very fragrant, tubular, white flowers
from mid- to late spring.

20ft 6m

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft

6m 0

Anopterus glandulosus

Evergreen, bushy shrub or, occasionally,
small tree. Has narrow, glossy, dark
green leaves, amid which clusters of
cup-shaped, white or pink flowers
appear from mid- to late spring.

20ft 6m

A E5 zn hii

Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum
'Mariesii'

Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub with
tiered branches clothed in dark green
leaves, which turn reddish-purple in fall.
Large, rounded heads of flowers
with white bracts appear in late t r
spring and early summer.

6 ® Z4-8 H8-1 2 6°m • o

Osmanthus x burkwoodii

Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub.

Glossy foliage is dark green and sets
off a profusion of small, very fragrant,
white flowers from mid- to late spring.

20ft 6m

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Pieris japonica

Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense shrub
with glossy, dark green foliage that is
bronze when young. Produces drooping
racemes of white flowers during spring.

A E5 ® Z6-8 H8-6

20ft 6m

Amelanchier lamarckii

Deciduous, spreading shrub. Young
leaves unfold bronze as abundant sprays
of star-shaped, white flowers open from
mid- to late spring. Foliage matures
to dark green, then turns brilliant

, , • p u 20ft 6m

red and orange in fall.

110 - A

--Q:- (* Z5-9 H9-5

20ft ’

6m 0

Mai us toringo subsp. sargentii

Deciduous, spreading shrub or small
tree. A profusion of white flowers in
late spring is followed by long-lasting,
deep red fruits. Oval, dark green
leaves are sometimes lobed.

20ft 6m

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

20ft

6m " 0

Dipelta yunnanensis

Deciduous, arching shrub with peeling
bark and glossy leaves. In late spring
produces tubular, creamy-white flowers,
marked orange inside.

6 Z7-9 H9-1

20ft

6m ’ 0

Staphylea pinnata (Bladder nut)

Deciduous, upright shrub that in late
spring carries clusters of white flowers,
tinted pink with age, followed by
bladder-like, green fruits. Foliage
is divided and bright green.

20ft 6m

A Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Enkianthus campanulatus

Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub
with red shoots and tufts of dull green
leaves that turn bright red in fall.
Small, bell-shaped, red-veined,
creamy-yellow flowers appear
in late spring.

& A eS Z5-8 H8-4 2 6 “' •

Viburnum x carlcephalum

Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub.
In late spring large, rounded heads
of pink buds open to fragrant, white
flowers. These are borne amid dark

green foliage that often turns
red in fall.

20ft 6m

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-5

20ft 4 .

6m ' 0

PINK

Dipelta floribunda

Vigorous, deciduous, upright, treelike
shrub with peeling, pale brown bark.
Fragrant, pale pink flowers, marked
yellow inside, open in late spring
and early summer. Has pointed,
mid-green leaves.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6 'em 1 —

Staphylea holocarpa 'Rosea'

Deciduous, upright shrub or spreading,
small tree. From mid- to late spring
bears pink flowers, followed by
bladder-like, pale green fruits.

Bronze, young leaves mature
to blue-green.

0 A Z6—9 H9-6

RED

Photinia serratifolia

Evergreen, upright shrub or bushy tree.
Oblong, often sharply toothed leaves
are red when young, maturing to glossy,
dark green. Small, 5-petaled flowers
from mid- to late spring are
sometimes followed by
spherical, red fruits.

Berberis valdiviana

Evergreen shrub with oval to ovate,
leathery leaves with 3-pronged spines.
Pendulous racemes, to VMn (4cm) long,
of cup-shaped, fragrant, saffron-yellow
flowers, in late spring, are
followed by egg-shaped,
bloomed, purple fruits.

6 Z9-io mo-9

20ft

6m 0

6 Z8 —10 hio-8

20ft_

6m 0

Photinia x fraseri 'Red Robin'

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub.
Oblong, glossy, dark green leaves
are brilliant red when young. Bears
5-petaled flowers in late spring.

Has good resistance to damage
by late frosts.

20ft 6m

Corylopsis glabrescens

Deciduous, open shrub. Oval leaves,
with bristly teeth along margins,
are dark green above, blue-green
beneath. Drooping spikes of fragrant,
bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers
appear in mid-spring
on bare branches.

C) Z8-9 H9-8

20ft

6m 0

6 ze-9 H9-6

20ft

6m * 0

0 A Z7-11 ffll-7

& A © Z7-9 H9-7

Daphniphyllum macropodum

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub
with sturdy shoots and dark green
leaves. Small flowers, green on
female plants, purplish on male
plants, appear in late spring.

Berberis darwinii (Darwin's barberry)

Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub.

Has small, glossy, dark green leaves and
a profusion of rounded, deep orange-
yellow flowers from mid- to late spring,
followed by bluish berries.

20ft 6m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

LARGE

WHITE

Salix exigua (Coyote Willow)

Deciduous, upright shrub with slender,
green-gray branches and linear, finely
toothed, silky, silvery-white leaves,
which move in the breeze. Small,
pale lemon catkins are produced

, 20ft e

in spring, at the same time as
the leaves emerge from bud.

Olearia virgata

Evergreen, arching, graceful shrub with
very narrow, dark gray-green leaves.
Produces an abundance of small,
star-shaped, white flower heads in
early summer, arranged in small
clusters along stems.

Viburnum rhytidophyllum

Vigorous, evergreen, open shrub with
long, narrow, deep green leaves. Dense
heads of small, creamy-white flowers
in late spring and early summer are
succeeded by red fruits that

. . , i , 20ft 6

mature to black.

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

20ft \

6m ' 0

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

20ft_

6m 0

Styrax officinalis

Deciduous, loose to dense shrub or
small tree. Fragrant, bell-shaped, white
flowers appear in early summer among
oval, dark green leaves with grayish-
white undersides.

20ft 6m

Xanthoceras sorbifolium

Deciduous, upright shrub or small tree
with bright green leaves divided into
many slender leaflets. In late spring and
early summer produces spikes of white
flowers with red patches inside
at the base of the petals.

0 A Z4— 6 H6-1

20ft _

6m 0

0 A SS Z14-15 H12-10 2 6 °m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

20ft

6m ’ 0

Ligustrum sinense

Deciduous or semievergreen, bushy,
upright shrub with oval, pale green
leaves. Large panicles of fragrant,
tubular, white flowers are borne
in mid-summer, followed by
small, purplish-black fruits.

Escallonia leucantha

Evergreen, upright shrub. Narrow, oval,
glossy, dark green leaves set off large
racemes of small, shallowly cup-shaped,
white flowers in mid-summer.

20ft 6m

Escallonia 'Iveyi'

Evergreen, upright shrub. Glossy, dark
green foliage sets off large racemes
of fragrant, tubular, pure white flowers,
with short lobes, borne from mid- to
late summer.

20ft 6m

Chionanthus virginicus (Fringe tree)

Deciduous, bushy shrub or small tree.
Has large, glossy, dark green leaves
that turn yellow in fall. Drooping sprays
of fragrant, white flowers appear in
early summer.

20ft 6m

112

0- 6 ® Z7-9 H9-6

20ft

6m 0

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

20ft

6m 0

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

20ft (

6m 0

0 A Z4—9 H9-1

20ft

6m 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Elaeagnus umbellata

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub
with oblong, wavy-edged, bright green
leaves, which are silvery when young.
Has fragrant, bell-shaped, creamy-
yellow flowers in late spring
and early summer, followed
by egg-shaped, red fruits.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1 2 6m - -— o

Syringa vulgaris
'Madame Florent Stepman'

Deciduous, upright then spreading
shrub with large panicles of fragrant,
tubular, single, white flowers
borne profusely in late
Has heart-shaped, dart
green leaves.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

spring.

Abelia x grandiflora

Vigorous, semievergreen, arching
shrub. Has glossy, dark green foliage
and an abundance of fragrant,
pink-tinged, white flowers from
mid-summer to mid fall.

20ft 6m

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Crinodendron patagua

Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub with
slightly hairy, reddish young shoots and
oval to ovate, coarsely toothed, leathery,
dark green leaves. Bell-shaped, frilly-
edged, white flowers in late
summer are followed by
angular, red seed pods.

0 A & Z9—10 H10-9 2 6 “- 1

Abutilon vitifolium var. album

Fast-growing, deciduous, upright shrub.
Large, bowl-shaped, white blooms,
pink-tinged when young, are freely
borne in late spring and early summer
amid deeply lobed, sharply

. ., , i 20ft6m

toothed, gray-green leaves.

0 C) Z8-9 H9-8 2 6 “« -L

Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub
with pointed, deep green leaves. Small,
extremely fragrant, white flowers, tinged
pale pink, appear in mid-summer.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft 6m

20ft

6m ' 0

Holodiscus discolor

Fast-growing, deciduous, arching shrub.
Has lobed, toothed, dark green leaves
and large, pendent sprays of small,
creamy-white flowers in mid-summer.

20ft 6m

0 - 6 Z6—9 H9-5

Aesculus parviflora
(Bottlebrush buckeye)

Deciduous, open shrub. Leaves
are bronze when young, dark
green in summer and yellow
in fall. Panicles of red-centered,
white flowers appear from
mid- to late summer.

0 6 © Z5—9 H9-4 2 6 °*

Clethra delavayi

Deciduous, open shrub with lance¬
shaped, toothed, rich green leaves.
Dense, spreading clusters of pink
buds opening to scented, white
flowers appear in mid-summer.

20ft 6m

■I

0 6 E5 Z7-9 H9-7 2 e“ •-<

113

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

LARGE

I SUMMER

BUDDLEJAS

Buddleja is genus of approximately 100 species of highly
ornamental evergreen and deciduous shrubs and small
trees, originating predominantly in Asia, Africa, and the
Americas. Buddlejas are often included in wildlife gardens
as they encourage increased insect activity, which has
earned one species the common name of butterfly bush,
although they all also attract bees and hoverflies. They
produce small, highly-scented, tubular flowers borne in
either plume-shaped or globular clusters. Easy to grow,
they thrive in almost any soil, and perform best in a warm,
sunny position. They are particularly suitable for growing
against a south-facing wall.

B. davidii 'White Profusion' B. x weyeriana 'Moonlight' B. colvilei 'Kewensis'

B. davidii 'Pink Delight'

B. salviifolia

Abutilon vitifolium 'Veronica Tennant'

Fast-growing, generally deciduous
but sometimes semievergreen, upright
shrub or small tree. Has rounded,
toothed, gray-green leaves.

In spring and early summer,

large, saucer-shaped, purple-blue m

flowers are borne in profusion.

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8 2 6 “ • - o

Kolkwitzia amabilis 'Pink Cloud'

Deciduous, arching shrub that bears
a mass of bell-shaped, pink flowers
amid small, oval, mid-green leaves
in late spring and early summer.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

20ft 6m

Tamarix ramosissima

Deciduous, arching, graceful shrub
or small tree with tiny, narrow,
blue-green leaves. In late summer
and early fall bears large, upright
plumes of small, pink flowers.

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

iley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

Cotin us coggygria 'Notcutt's Variety'

Deciduous, bushy shrub with deep
reddish-purple foliage. Long-lasting,
purplish-pink plumes of massed, small
flowers are produced in late summer.

20ft 6m

Acer palmatum var.
heptalobum 'Rubrum'

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small
tree. Large leaves are red when young,
bronze in summer and brilliant red,
orange or yellow in fall. Has
small, reddish-purple
flowers in mid-spring.

Corylus maxima 'Purpurea'

Vigorous, deciduous, open shrub
or small tree with deep purple
leaves and purplish catkins, with
yellow anthers, that hang from
bare branches in late winter.
Edible nuts mature in fall.

Prunus spinosa 'Purpurea'

Deciduous, dense, spiny shrub
or small tree. Bright red, young
leaves become deep reddish-purple.
Bears saucer-shaped, pale pink
flowers from early to mid-spring,
followed by blue-bloomed,
black fruits.

0 6 Z5—9 H9-3

20ft r _

6m ’ 0

0 6 Z6-8 H8-2

20ft

6m ' 0

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

20ft IC? I
6m ’ 0

6Z5-8 H8-5

20ft __

6m ' 0

LILACS

The heady scent of the lilac (Syringa)
epitomizes early summer. Apart from
the classic lilacs and mauves, colors
include white, pink, cream, and rich
red-purple; double forms are also
available. Most lilacs grown in gardens
are vigorous shrubs derived from
S. vulgaris. They may eventually become
treelike and are best planted at the back
of a shrub border. Spent flower heads
should be removed, with care taken not
to damage the new shoots. Otherwise,
little pruning is required, though older
plants may be rejuvenated by hard
pruning in winter.

S. pubescens subsp. S. x persica S. vulgaris S. vulgaris 'Andenken an

microphylla 'Superba' 'Katherine Havemeyer' Ludwig Spath'

S. pubescens subsp. patula
'Miss Kim'

S. vulgaris 'Madame Lemoine' S. meyeri 'Palibin'

5. x persica 'Alba'

S. komarowii subsp. reflexa

S. vulgaris 'Firmament'

SHRUBS

LARGE

SUMMER

YELLOW

Genista tenera 'Golden Shower'

Vigorous, deciduous, arching shrub
with narrowly oblong, gray-green
leaves. Racemes of fragrant, pealike,
golden-yellow flowers are produced
in early to mid-summer.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

20ft 1 1

Elaeagnus angustifolia

(Russian olive)

Deciduous, bushy shrub or spreading,
small tree. Has narrow, silvery-gray leaves
and small, fragrant, creamy-yellow
flowers, with spreading lobes,
in early summer, followed by
small, oval, yellow fruits.

0 6 Z2-8 H8-1 2 6 “

20ft 6m

Cotinus coggygria golden spirit
('Ancot') (Golden smokebush)

Deciduous, bushy shrub grown for
its rounded, golden-yellow leaves,
which turn orange in fall. In summer,
tiny, fluffy, plumelike, gray flower
clusters, on fine stalks, are
borne above the leaves.

0 £) Z5—9 H9-3

Genista cinerea

Deciduous, arching shrub that produces
an abundance of fragrant, pealike,
yellow blooms from early to mid¬
summer. Has silky, young shoots
and narrow, gray-green leaves.

20ft 6m

Cytisus battandieri

(Moroccan broom, Pineapple broom)

Semievergreen, open shrub. Leaves have
3 silver-gray leaflets. Pineapple-scented,
yellow flowers appear in summer.

20ft 6m

116

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0- 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Buddieja globosa

Deciduous or semievergreen, open
shrub with dark green foliage. Dense,

rounded clusters of orange-yellow
flowers are carried in early summer.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft 6m

20ft

6m

Caesalpinia gilliesii

Deciduous, open shrub or small tree.
Has finely divided, dark green leaves
and bears short racemes of yellow
flowers with long, red stamens from
mid- to late summer.

0 6 Hii-i

6m 0

Paliurus spina-christi
(Christ's thorn, Jerusalem thorn)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with slender,
thorny shoots. Has oval, glossy, bright
green leaves, tiny, yellow flowers
in summer and curious, woody,
winged fruits in fall.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7 2 6 °m •-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

RED

Cotoneaster 'Cornubia'

Vigorous, semievergreen, arching
shrub. Clusters of white flowers,
produced in early summer amid dark
green foliage, are followed by large,
pendent clusters of decorative,
bright red fruits.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

m

Rhus typhina 'Dissecta'

Deciduous, spreading, open shrub or
small tree with velvety shoots. Fernlike,
dark green leaves turn brilliant
orange-red in fall, when deep red
fruit clusters are also borne.

-:S:- 6 Z3-8 hs-i

Cotinus 'Flame'

Deciduous, bushy, treelike shrub
with dark green leaves that turn
brilliant orange-red in fall. From
late summer, showy, plumelike,
purplish-pink flower heads
appear above the foliage.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Acer palmatum var. heptalobum

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small
tree with large, lobed, mid-green leaves
that turn brilliant red, orange or yellow
in fall. Bears small, reddish-purple
flowers in mid-spring.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-2

Euonymus oxyphyllus

Deciduous, upright shrub or tree
with oval, dull green leaves turning
to purplish-red in fall. Produces tiny,
greenish-white flowers in late spring,
then globose, 4- or 5-lobed,
deep red fruits with orange-
scarlet seeds.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6 'em •—

Fothergilla major

Deciduous, upright shrub with
glossy, dark green leaves, slightly
bluish-white beneath, that turn
red, orange and yellow in fall. Tufts
of fragrant, white flowers appear
in late spring.

0 A eU Z5-8 H8-5 6°m —

Euonymus myrianthus

Evergreen, bushy shrub with pointed,
leathery, mid-green leaves. Dense
clusters of small, greenish-yellow
flowers in summer are followed
by yellow fruits that open
to show orange-red seeds.

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Cotoneaster lacteus

Evergreen, arching shrub suitable for
hedging. Oval, dark green leaves set off
shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers
from early to mid-summer. Long-lasting,
red fruits are carried in large
clusters in fall-winter.

0 6 © Z7-9 H9-4

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

WITCH HAZELS

Species of Hamamelis put on a beautiful show of
fragrant flowers during the darkest, coldest months,
securing their place in any winter planting scheme.

The spiderlike blooms, ranging in color from deep
red to sulfur yellow, appear on bare branches from
late fall to early spring, the narrow, crepe-paper-like
petals withstanding several degrees of frost and snow
without damage. Witch hazels prefer moist but
well-drained, fertile, acidic to neutral soil in full sun
or partial shade. A spring dressing of lime-free potting
mix or well-rotted leaf mold benefits young plants.

H. x intermedia 'Primavera' H. x intermedia 'Aphrodite' H. x intermedia 'Robert'

LARGE

WINTER

YELLOW

Pyracantha atalantioides 'Aurea'

Vigorous, evergreen, upright, spiny
shrub, arching with age. Has narrowly
oval, glossy, dark green leaves and white
flowers in early summer, followed
by large clusters of small, yellow
berries in early fall.

& 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6 2 6°m 1 — o

Mahonia x media 'Charity 7

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with
large leaves composed of many spiny,
dark green leaflets. Slender, upright,
later spreading spikes of fragrant,
yellow flowers are borne from
early fall to early spring.

A Z8-9 H9-8 2 6 “ • '

Corylus avellana 'Contorta'

(Harry Lauder's walking stick)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with
curiously twisted shoots and broad,
sharply toothed, mid-green leaves.
In late winter, bare branches
are covered with pendent,
pale yellow catkins.

6 Z3-9 H9-1 2 e“

Hamamelis japonica 'Sulphurea'

Deciduous, upright, open shrub.

In mid-winter, fragrant, spidery, pale
yellow flowers with 4 narrow, crimped
petals are borne on leafless branches.
Broadly oval, dark green leaves
turn yellow in fall.

6 Z5—9 H9-5

20ft

6m

Mahonia x media 'Buckland'

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub.
Has large leaves with many spiny,
dark green leaflets. Clustered,
upright then spreading, long,
branched spikes of fragrant,
yellow flowers appear from
late fall to early spring.

Azara microphylla

Elegant, evergreen shrub or small
tree. Has tiny, glossy, dark green
leaves and small clusters of vanilla-
scented, deep yellow flowers in
late winter and early spring.

6 Z8-9 H9-8

20ft

6m 1 0

6 Z8-10 Hll-10

20ft

6m

bley. All Rights Reserved.

ALL YEAR

Azara microphylla 'Variegata'

Slow-growing, evergreen, compact
shrub. Small, rounded, glossy, dark
green leaves have margins of creamy-
gold. In early spring bears rounded
clusters of tiny, chocolate-scented,
yellow-green flowers on the
underside of the branches.

WHITE

Prunus lusitanica 'Variegata'

Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy
shrub with reddish-purple shoots.
Has oval, glossy, dark green, white-
edged leaves. Fragrant, shallowly
cup-shaped, creamy-white
flowers in summer are
followed by purple fruits.

6 ® Z7-9 H9-4

20ft

6m

0

Criselinia littoralis 'Variegata'

Evergreen, upright shrub of dense,
bushy habit. Leathery leaves are
gray-green, marked with bright
green and creamy-white. Bears
inconspicuous, yellow-green
flowers in late spring.

GREEN

Ligustrum ovalifolium (Privet)

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
upright, dense shrub with glossy,
mid-green leaves. Dense racemes
of small, rather unpleasantly
scented, tubular, white flowers

. , 20ft (

appear in mid-summer,
followed by black fruits.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6 2 6 “ ' - o

Pittosporum dallii

Evergreen, rounded, dense tree or
shrub. Has purplish stems and sharply
toothed, deep green leaves. Clusters
of small, fragrant, shallowly cup¬
shaped, white flowers are borne

20ft i

in summer.

0 6 Z8-10 HU-10

20ft

6m 0

6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft_

6m ’ 0

&: 6 Z9—11 HI 1-1

20ft

6m ' 0

Elaeagnus pungens 'Maculata'

Evergreen, bushy, slightly spiny shrub.
Glossy, dark green leaves are marked
with a central, deep yellow patch.

Very fragrant, urn-shaped, creamy-
white flowers open from mid- to

Osmanthus heterophyllus
'Aureomarginatus'

Evergreen, upright shrub. Sharply
toothed, holly-like, glossy, bright
green leaves have yellow margins.
Small, fragrant, white flowers
are produced in fall.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft £

6m 0

-£> ; - 6 Z7-9 H9-7

20ft ^

6m 1 0

Pittosporum 'Garnettii'

Evergreen, columnar or conical
shrub of dense, bushy habit. Rounded,
gray-green leaves, irregularly edged
creamy-white, become tinged with
deep pink in cold areas. May bear
small, greenish-purple flowers in
spring-summer.

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-10 2 6m-

Prunus lusitanica subsp. azorica

Evergreen, bushy shrub with reddish-
purple shoots and bright green leaves,
red when young. Bears spikes of small,
fragrant, white flowers in summer,
followed by purple fruits.

20ft 6m

& 6 © Z7-9 H9-4

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

LARGE

MEDIUM

ALL YEAR

SPRING

GREEN

WHITE

Tetrapanax papyrifer
(Rice-paper plant)

Evergreen, upright, suckering
shrub. Long-stalked, circular leaves
are deeply lobed. Has bold sprays
of small, creamy-white flowers
in summer and black berries in
fall-winter.

0 A Z6—11 H12-6 2 6 “ • -

Pieris floribunda
(Japanese pieris, fetterbush)

Evergreen, bushy, dense, leafy shrub
with oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
Greenish-white flower buds
appear in winter, opening to
urn-shaped, white blooms
from early to midspring.

(k E5 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Enkianthus perulatus

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.

Dark green leaves turn bright red
in fall. A profusion of small, pendent,
urn-shaped, white flowers is borne
in midspring.

<k SU Z6-8 H8-6

Pittosporum tenuifolium

Evergreen, columnar, later rounded
shrub or small tree with purple
shoots and wavy-edged, oval,
glossy, mid-green leaves. Bears
honey-scented, purple flowers
in late spring.

20ft 6m

120 ...

-:CX- 6 Z9-11 HI 1-9

20ft "

6m 0

Pieris japonica 'Scarlett O'Hara'

Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense
shrub. Young foliage and shoots
are bronze-red, leaves becoming
glossy, dark green. Produces sprays
of white flowers in spring.

<k ES © Z6-8 H8-6

CAMELLIAS

These evergreen shrubs and small
trees have long been valued for
their luxuriant, rich green foliage
and masses of showy flowers, in
shades of white, pink, red, and
yellow, borne mainly in winter and
spring. Once thought suitable only
for greenhouses, many camellias
are hardy to Zone 6 if grown in
sheltered positions, although blooms
may suffer frost and rain damage.
Ideal for shady gardens, they grow
well against walls. Camellias require
acidic soil but also make good
container plants. The main flower
forms are illustrated below.

Single —shallowly
cup-shaped flowers
each have not more
than 8 petals, arranged
in a single row, and a
conspicuous, central
boss of stamens.

Semidouble —cup¬
shaped flowers each
have 2 or more rows
of 9-21 regular or
irregular petals, and
conspicuous stamens

Anemone —rounded
flowers each have one
or more rows of large,
outer petals lying flat or
undulating; the domed
centre has a mass of
intermingled petaloids
and stamens.

Peony-form—

rounded, domed
flowers have usually
irregular petals
intermingled with
petaloids and stamens.

Rose-form —cup¬
shaped flowers each
have several rows
of overlapping petals
and open to reveal
stamens in the centre.

Formal double—

rounded flowers have
rows of regular, neatly
overlapping petals
that obscure stamens.
Irregular double
forms are similar but
often have more loosely
arranged, sometimes
irregular, petals.

C. 'Cornish Snow' [single]

C. japonica 'Alba Plena'

[formal double]

C. japonica 'Hagoromo'

[semidouble]

C. japonica 'Janet Waterhouse'

[semidouble]

C. japonica 'Nobilissima' [peony]

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersle;

C. 'Spring Festival' [double]

C. japonica 'Margaret Davis' C. 'Inspiration' [semidouble]
[irregular double]

C. x williamsii 'Water Lily'

[formal double]

C. japonica 'Adolphe Audusson'

[semidouble]

C. x williamsii 'J.C. Williams' C reticulata 'Captain Rawes'

[single] [semidouble]

C. 'Leonard Messel'

[semidouble]

C. japonica 'Bob's Tinsie'

[anemone]

C. x williamsii 'Jury's Yellow'

[anemone]

C. japonica 'Tricolor' [semidouble]

C. 'Black Lace' [formal double]

C. japonica 'Brushfield's Yellow' [anemone]

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SPRING

WHITE

PINK

I

Choisya 'Aztec Pearl'

Evergreen, compact shrub with aromatic,
glossy, dark green leaves composed of
3-5 linear leaflets. Clusters of scented,
white flowers, pink-flushed in bud,
are produced in profusion in
spring and then quite often
again in early fall.

0 6 Z8—10 H10-8 3m • - 0

Choisya ternata (Mexican orange)

Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
aromatic, glossy, bright green leaves
composed of 3 leaflets. Clusters of
fragrant, white blooms open in late
spring and often again in fall.

10ft 3m

Myrtus communis (Common myrtle)

Evergreen, bushy shrub with aromatic,
glossy, dark green foliage. Fragrant,
white flowers are borne from mid-spring
to early summer, followed by
purple-black berries.

10ft 3m

Viburnum bitchiuense

Deciduous, bushy shrub with oval,
dark green leaves. Rounded heads
of fragrant, tubular, pale pink flowers,
borne from mid- to late spring,
are followed by egg-shaped,
flattened, black fruits.

Chaenomeles speciosa 'Moerloosei'

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub. Has
glossy, dark green leaves and pink-
flushed, white flowers in early spring,
followed by greenish-yellow fruits.

10ft 3m

Li

6 Z5-9 H9-1

122 ...

-:cx- 6 Z8—to hio-8

10ft 4BI

3m 1 0

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Cotoneaster divaricatus

Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub.
Leaves are glossy, dark green, turning
red in fall. Shallowly cup-shaped, pink-
flushed, white flowers in late spring
and early summer are followed
by deep red fruits.

6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Rhododendron 'Percy Wiseman'

Evergreen rhododendron with a domed,
compact habit. In late spring produces
open funnel-shaped, peach-yellow
flowers that fade to white.

C) pH ® 26-9 H9-6

10ft 3m

Camellia x williamsii
'E.G. Waterhouse'

Evergreen, upright shrub with lance¬
shaped, pale green leaves. Formal
double, pink flowers are freely
produced in spring.

10ft 3m

6 SU ® Z7-8 H8-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

RED

Ribes sanguineum 'Pulborough
Scarlet' (Flowering currant)

Deciduous, upright shrub that in spring
bears pendent, tubular, deep red flowers
amid aromatic, dark green leaves,
with 3-5 lobes, sometimes
followed by black fruits 3lT

with a white bloom.

6 Z 6-8 H 8-6 -

Prunus mume 'Beni-chidori'

Deciduous, spreading shrub with
fragrant, single, carmine flowers in
early spring before pointed, dark
green leaves appear.

Telopea truncata (Tasmanian waratah)

Evergreen, upright shrub, bushy with
age. Has deep green leaves and dense,
rounded heads of small, tubular, crimson
flowers in late spring and summer.

0 6 ® Z 6-8 H 8-6

10ft 3m

10ft

3m ' 0

6 ES Z13-15 H12-10

10ft 3m

Acer palmatum 'Shindeshojo'

Slow-growing, deciduous, rather
twiggy shrub grown for its pink-red leaf
coloring in spring. Palmate, deeply lobed
leaves then turn bluish-green. Much
used for bonsai. Hard frosts

. 10ft 3m

can scorch new growth.

C) Z 6-8 H8-2

10ft _

3m ‘ 0

Acer palmatum 'Corallinum'

Very slow-growing, deciduous,
bushy-headed shrub or small tree.
Lobed, bright reddish-pink, young
foliage becomes mid-green, then
brilliant red, orange or yellow
in fall. Reddish-purple flowers
appear in mid-spring.

0 £> Z 6-8 H8-2 3 “

Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens

Deciduous, bushy shrub with dense
clusters of dull green leaves that turn
deep reddish-purple in fall. Small,
bell-shaped, deep red flowers
appear in late spring.

10ft 3m

6 E5 Z6-8 H8-6

Leptospermum scoparium
'Red Damask'

Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub.
Narrow, aromatic, dark green
leaves set off sprays of double,
dark red flowers in late spring
and summer.

Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea

Deciduous, arching, dense shrub.
Reddish-purple foliage turns
bright red in fall. Globose to
cup-shaped, red-tinged, pale
yellow flowers in mid-spring
are followed by red fruits.

6 Hll-3

10ft

3m 0

6 © Z5-8 H8-5

123

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

RHODODENDRONS

Rhododendrons and azaleas both belong to the huge
genus Rhododendron, one of the largest in the plant
kingdom. Azalea is the common name used for all the
deciduous species and hybrids, and many of the dwarf,
small-leaved evergreens. In stature the genus ranges from
small alpine shrubs only a few inches high to tall, spreading
trees, in the wild reaching 80ft (24m). Rhododendrons
require well-drained, acidic soil rich in organic matter.

Most prefer cool woodland conditions, although many
dwarf forms thrive in more open sites. Many grow well in
containers, in which it is often easier to provide suitable
growing conditions. Once established, they require little
attention apart from an annual mulch and occasional
fertilizer, and provide a colorful display for years.

R. pachysanthum

[rhododendron]

R. 'Gomer Waterer'

[rhododendron]

R. rex subsp. fictolacteum ®

[rhododendron]

R. decorum [rhododendron]

R. 'Polar Bear' ®

[rhododendron]

R. yakushimanum (D

[rhododendron]

R. orbiculare ®

[rhododendron]

R. 'Loderi King George' (D

[rhododendron]

R. quinquefolium [azalea]

R. 'Fragrantissimum' (D

[rhododendron]

R. sinogrande ®

[rhododendron]

R. calophytum ® [rhododendron]

R. falconeri ® [rhododendron]

R. williamsianum ® [rhododendron]

R. 'Golden Torch' [rhododendron]

R. fulvum [rhododendron]

R. 'Purple Splendour' [rhododendron]

R. 'Fastuosum Flore Pleno'

[rhododendron]

R. augustinii (D
[rhododendron]

R. 'Hotei' [rhododendron]

R. 'Pink Pearl' ®

[rhododendron]

R. 'Seta' ®
[rhododendron]

R. 'Grace Seabrook' [rhododendron]

R. 'Patty Bee' [rhododendron] R. 'Daviesii' [azalea]

R. 'Curlew' (D

[rhododendron]

R. luteum (D

[azalea]

R. arboreum ® [rhododendron]

R. 'Gibraltar' [azalea]

R. 'Blue Danube' [azalea]

11

Jti v'W

R. niveum [rhododendron]

R. cinnabarinum (D

[rhododendron]

MEDIUM

CORNUS

Shrubby members of the genus Cornus are justifiably
popular among gardeners and landscape designers,
admired for their highly ornamental brightly colored
winter stems, ranging from lime green and yellow to
orange and crimson, as well as their spring flowers,
and, in some cultivars, variegated foliage. Extremely
hardy, dogwoods tolerate extreme cold and exposure.
They also grow well on most soils, and require little
maintenance—simply cut back the stems to just above
the ground every two years in late winter. This promotes
young growth, which has the most vibrant color.

C. alba 'Elegantissima' ®

C. alba 'Spaethii' ®

C. sericea 'Kelseyi'

C. alba 'Aurea'

C. sericea 'Flaviramea'

C. alba ‘Kesselringii’ ®

C. sanguinea 'Winter Beauty'

C. sericea 'White Gold'

C. sanguinea 'Midwinter Fire'

SPRING

YELLOW

Corylopsis pauciflora

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.

Oval, bright green leaves, bronze
when young, have bristly teeth.

Bears fragrant, tubular to bell-shaped,
pale yellow flowers from early
to mid-spring.

A py Z6-9 H9-6

Rhododendron 'Yellow Hammer'

Evergreen, erect, bushy rhododendron.
Bears abundant clusters of tubular,
bright yellow flowers in spring;
frequently flowers again in fall.

6 EJJZ5-8 H8-5

10ft _

3m 0

Edgeworthia chrysantha

Deciduous, rounded, open
shrub with oval, dark green leaves.
Very supple shoots produce terminal,
rounded heads of fragrant, tubular,
yellow flowers in late winter
and early spring.

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

10ft 3m

sley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

ORANGE

WHITE

Berberis gagnepainii var. lanceifolia

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.

Massed, globose to cup-shaped,
yellow flowers appear among
long, narrow, pointed, dark green
leaves in late spring. Forms
blue-bloomed, black berries.

Forsythia x intermedia
'Beatrix Farrand'

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy, arching
shrub with sturdy shoots. A profusion
of large, deep yellow flowers
appears from early to mid-spring
before oval, coarsely toothed,
mid-green leaves emerge.

0 6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

10ft

3m

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

10ft _

3m 0

Forsythia x intermedia 'Spectabilis'

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
shrub with sturdy growth. A profusion
of large, deep yellow flowers is
borne from early to mid-spring
before sharply toothed,

, , , ioft:

dark green leaves appear.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6 • - c

Kerria japonica 'Pleniflora'

Vigorous, deciduous, graceful shrub.
Double, golden-yellow flowers are
borne along green shoots from
mid- to late spring. Leaves are
narrowly oval, sharply toothed
and bright green.

-:0: 6 Z4-9 H9-1

ioft

3m ’ 0

Berberis linearifolia 'Orange King'

Evergreen, upright, stiff-branched
shrub with narrow, rigid, dark
green leaves. Bears large, globose
to cup-shaped, deep orange
flowers in late spring.

10ft 3m

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Berberis x lologensis 'Stapehill'

Vigorous, evergreen, arching
shrub. Glossy, dark green foliage
sets off profuse racemes of globose
to cup-shaped, orange flowers
from mid- to late spring.

10ft 3m

Philadelphus 'Beauclerk'

Deciduous, slightly arching shrub.

Large, fragrant flowers, white with
a small, central, pale purple blotch,
are produced from early to mid¬
summer. Leaves are dark green.

10ft 3m

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Lindera benzoin (Spicebush)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with
aromatic, bright green leaves that
turn yellow in fall. Tiny, greenish-
yellow flowers in mid-spring
are followed by red berries
on female plants.

0 A eS Z4—9 H8-1

Berberis x stenophylla

Evergreen, arching shrub with
slender shoots and narrow, spine-
tipped, deep green leaves, blue-gray
beneath. Massed, golden-yellow
flowers appear from mid- to
late spring followed by
small, blue-black fruits.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6 —

Euphorbia mellifera (Honey spurge)

Evergreen, rounded shrub grown
mainly for its long, narrowly oblong,
rich green leaves with cream midribs.
Small, honey-scented, brown flowers,
surrounded by showy bracts,
are produced in dome-shaped
clusters in late spring.

0 6 ® Z9-10 H10-9

Deutzia scabra

Deciduous, upright shrub with
narrowly oval, dark green leaves
that, from early to mid-summer,
set off dense, upright clusters
of 5-petaled, white blooms.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

127

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Philadelphus 'Belle Etoile'

Deciduous, arching shrub. Very fragrant,
white flowers, each with a pale purple
mark at the base, are borne profusely
among mid-green foliage in late spring
and early summer.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Pyracantha x watereri

Evergreen, upright, dense, spiny
shrub with glossy, dark green foliage.
Shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers
in early summer are succeeded by
bright red berries in fall.

10ft 3m

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Aronia melanocarpa

(Black chokeberry)

Deciduous, bushy shrub. White flowers
appear in late spring and early summer,
followed by black fruits. Has glossy, dark
green leaves that turn red in fall.

Spiraea canescens

Deciduous shrub with upright shoots
arching at the top. Small heads of white
flowers are borne in profusion amid
narrowly oval, gray-green leaves from
early to mid-summer.

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

0 £> Z7-9 H9-7

Olearia nummulariifolia

Evergreen, rounded shrub with stiff,
upright shoots densely covered with
small, very thick, mid- to dark green
leaves. Small, fragrant, white flowers
appear in mid-summer.

0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

128

Rubus 'Benenden'

Deciduous, arching, thornless shrub
with peeling bark. Large, roselike,
pure white flowers are borne among
lobed, deep green leaves in late
spring and early summer.

10ft 3m

Fallugia paradoxa (Apache plume)

Deciduous, bushy shrub that bears
white flowers in mid-summer, followed
by silky, pink- and red-tinged, green
fruits. Dark green leaves are finely
cut and feathery.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z6-8 H8-5

10ft

3m f 0

Sorbaria sorbifolia

Deciduous, upright shrub that forms
thickets by suckering. Mid-green leaves
consist of many sharply toothed leaflets.
Large panicles of small, white flowers
appear in summer.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z2-9 H9-1

Philadelphus 'Boule d'Argent'

Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub with
dark green foliage that sets off clusters
of slightly fragrant, semidouble to
double, pure white flowers from
early to mid-summer.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Eucryphia milliganii

Evergreen, upright, narrow shrub. Has
tiny, dark green leaves, bluish-white
beneath, and small, white flowers,
borne in mid-summer.

0 A EJJZ8-9 H9-8

10ft

3m

10ft 3 m

Philadelphus 'Lemoinei'

(Mock orange)

Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
shrub that produces profuse racemes of
small, extremely fragrant, white flowers
from early to mid-summer.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

Osteomeles schweriniae

Evergreen, arching shrub with long,
slender shoots. Leaves, consisting of
many small leaflets, are dark green.
Clusters of small, white flowers
in early summer are followed by
red, later blue-black, fruits.

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

m

Prinsepia uniflora

Deciduous, arching, spiny shrub. From
late spring to summer bears small,
fragrant, white flowers amid narrow,
glossy, dark green leaves followed

by cherry-like, deep red fruits.

J ioft 2

Grows best in hot sun.

0 6 Z3-6 H6-1

ioft

3m

Styrax wilsonii

Deciduous, bushy shrub with slender
shoots that produce an abundance
of yellow-centered, white flowers
in early summer. Leaves are small
and deep green.

10ft 3m

0 6 S2 Z7-9 H9-7

Clethra barbinervis

Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling
bark. Has oval, toothed, dark green
leaves that turn red and yellow in fall.
Racemes of fragrant, white flowers
are borne in late summer and
early fall. ^

0 A E5 Z5-8 H8-6 3m —

Ceanothus incanus

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Has spreading,
spiny shoots, broad, gray-green leaves
and large racemes of white flowers in
late spring and early summer.

0 6 Z8—11 HI1-8

10ft 3m

10ft

3m 0

Philadelphus 'Dame Blanche'

Deciduous, bushy, compact shrub with
dark, peeling bark. Dark green foliage
sets off slightly fragrant, semidouble
to loosely double, pure white flowers

borne in profusion from early

. , ioft:

to mid-summer.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

10ft 5
3m ' ^ 0

129

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Escallonia virgata

Deciduous, spreading, graceful shrub
with arching shoots and small, glossy,
dark green leaves. Bears racemes of
small, open cup-shaped, white flowers
from early to mid-summer.

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Viburnum dilatatum 'Catskill'

Deciduous, low, spreading shrub
with sharply toothed, dark green
leaves that turn yellow, orange and
red in fall. Flat heads of creamy-
white flowers in late spring and
early summer are followed
by bright red fruits.

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5 ’ 3 “ ■ -

Olearia Hid folia (Mountain holly)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
narrowly oblong, rigid, sharply
toothed, musk-scented, gray-
green leaves. Fragrant, white
flower heads are borne in
clusters in early summer.

130 ...

--O:- (J Z 8 —10 H10-8

10ft

3m 1 0

Colletia hystrix

Almost leafless, arching, sturdy-
branched shrub armed with rigid, gray-
green spines. Pink flower buds open in
late summer to fragrant, tubular, white
blooms that last into fall.

10ft 2

A

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7 3 “-„

Olearia x haastii (Daisy bush)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, good
for hedging. Has small, oval, glossy, dark
green leaves and is covered with heads
of fragrant, daisylike, white flowers
from mid- to late summer.

10ft 3m

6 Z9-io hio-9

Leptospermum scoparium
'Snow White' (New Zealand tea-tree)

Evergreen, bushy shrub with small, oval,
sharply pointed, dark green leaves,
which are fragrant when bruised.
Produces masses of small,

5-petaled, white flowers from the 10 3m
leaf axils in late spring.

Zenobia pulverulenta

Deciduous or semievergreen, slightly
arching shrub, often with bluish-white
bloomed shoots. Glossy leaves have
a bluish-white reverse when young.
Bears fragrant, bell-shaped,
white flowers from early to
mid-summer.

0 6 Hll-3

4 SU Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Colletia paradoxa

Deciduous, arching shrub with stiff
branches and stout, flattened, blue-green
spines. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers
are borne in late summer and early fall.

0 6 Z7-11 HU-7

10ft

3m

10ft 3m

Viburnum 'Pragense'

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub that
has dark green foliage and domed heads
of white flowers opening from pink buds
in late spring and early summer.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

10ft 3m

Spiraea nipponica 'SnowmouncT

Deciduous, spreading shrub with sturdy,
arching, reddish branches. Small,
narrow, dark green leaves set off
profuse, dense clusters of small,
white flowers in early summer.

10ft 3m

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Philadelphus coronarius 'Variegatus'

Deciduous, bushy shrub with racemes
of very fragrant, creamy-white flowers
in late spring and early summer and
mid-green leaves broadly edged
with white.

10ft 3m

r

0 6Z4-9H9-4 — o

Lonicera xylosteum (Fly honeysuckle)

Deciduous, upright, bushy, dense shrub.
Creamy-white flowers are produced
amid gray-green leaves in late spring
and early summer, and are followed
by red berries.

10ft 3m

&: 6 © Z4—9 H9-1

Leptospermum polygalifolium

Evergreen, arching, graceful shrub with
small, glossy, bright green leaves. Bears
an abundance of small, pink-tinged,
white flowers in mid-summer.

10ft 3m

Philadelphus delavayi f. melanocalyx

Deciduous, upright shrub, grown for
its extremely fragrant flowers, with pure
white petals and deep purple sepals,
opening from early to mid-summer.
Leaves are dark green.

10ft 3m

Escallonia 'Donard Seedling'

Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub
with small, glossy, dark green leaves.
Masses of pink flower buds open to
white blooms, flushed with pale pink,
from early to mid-summer.

0 6 hi i-io

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

ioft

3m ’ 0

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

10ft ,_

3m 0

131

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Hibiscus syriacus 'Red Heart'

Deciduous, upright shrub that bears
large, white flowers, with conspicuous
red centers, from late summer to
mid-fall. Oval leaves are lobed and
deep green.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

Deutzia x magnified 'Staphyleoides'

Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub.
Large, 5-petaled, pure white blooms,
borne in dense clusters in early summer,
have recurved petals. Leaves are
bright green.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6 '“m •—® o

Yucca gloriosa (Spanish dagger)

Evergreen shrub with a sturdy stem
crowned with a tuft of long, pointed,
deep green leaves, blue-green when
young. Bears very long panicles
of bell-shaped, white flowers
in summer-fall.

0 6 Z7-11 H12-7

132

Stephanandra tanakae

Deciduous, arching shrub with
orange-brown shoots and sharply
toothed, mid-green leaves that turn
orange and yellow in fall. Small,
yellow-green buds open to
white flowers from early
to mid-summer.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6 3m —

Olearia macrodonta (Arorangi)

Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub,
often treelike. Has holly-shaped,
sharply toothed, gray-green leaves,
silvery-white beneath. Large heads
of fragrant, white flowers are
produced in early summer.

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9 • —

Aloysia triphylla (Lemon verbena)

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves are pale
green and lemon-scented. Racemes of
tiny, lilac-tinged, white flowers appear
in early summer.

0 6 Z8-11 Hll-8

10ft 3m

10ft

3m 0

Exochorda x macrantha 'The Bride'

Deciduous, arching, dense shrub that
forms a mound of pendent branches.
Large, white flowers are produced in
abundance amid dark green foliage
in late spring and early summer.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Escallonia 'Apple Blossom'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. From
early to mid-summer apple-blossom-
pink flowers are borne in profusion
amid glossy, dark green leaves.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

10ft 9

3m ' 0

Lonicera tatarica

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Tubular to
trumpet-shaped, 5-lobed, white, pink
or red flowers cover dark green foliage
in late spring and early summer, and
are succeeded by red fruits.

10ft 3m

0 6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Deutzia longifolia 'Veitchii'

Deciduous, arching shrub with narrow,
pointed leaves and large clusters of
5-petaled, deep pink flowers from early
to mid-summer.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Lavatera assurgentiflora

Semievergreen shrub with twisted, gray
stems. Clusters of hollyhock-like, darkly
veined, deep cerise blooms open in
mid-summer. Palmate, mid-green
leaves are white-haired beneath.

10ft 3m

0 6 Hll-9

Robinia hispida (Rose acacia)

Deciduous shrub of loose habit with
brittle, bristly stems that carry dark
green leaves composed of 7-13 leaflets.
Pendent racemes of deep rose-pink
blooms open in late sprinq and

. 10ft 2

early summer.

0 £> ® Z6—11 H12-6 o

Indigofera heterantha

Deciduous, slightly arching shrub.

Has grayish-green leaves consisting
of many small leaflets and spikes of
small, purplish-pink flowers from
early summer to early fall.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

Neillia tbibetica

Deciduous, arching shrub. Slender
spikes of rose-pink flowers are borne
profusely in late spring and early
summer. Leaves are sharply toothed.

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

10ft 3m

Melaleuca nesophila

(Western tea-myrtle)

Evergreen, bushy shrub or small
tree with oval, gray-green leaves.
Flowers, consisting of a brush of
lavender to rose-pink stamens,
are borne in rounded, terminal ,
heads in summer.

0 6 HU-6

Hydrangea aspera Villosa Group

Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling
bark. From late summer to mid-fall,
produces heads of small, blue or
purple, central flowers and larger,
white, sometimes flushed
purplish-pink, outer ones.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

133

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

HYDRANGEAS

Valued for their late summer flowers, hydrangeas
are versatile shrubs that thrive in a variety of situations.
Larger-growing species, some of which may become
treelike with age, are suited to light woodland, while the
range of cultivars, mostly of H. macrophylla, make excellent
border plants. Some may also be grown in containers.
Colors range from white through pink, red, and purple
to blue. The truest blue is obtained only on acidic soil.
Lacecap hydrangeas have a central corymb of small,
fertile flowers surrounded by showy, colored bracts;
mopheads (or hortensias) have domed heads of sterile
bracts only. H. paniculata cultivars bear larger though
fewer cone-shaped flower heads if pruned hard in spring.

H. serrata 'Diadem' H. paniculata pinky-winky ('Dvppinky')

H. macrophylla 'Generate H. macrophylla 'Altona' (D
Vicomtesse de Vibraye' (D

H. heteromalla 'Snowcap'

H. arborescens 'Annabelle' (D

H. quercifolia 'Snowflake'

H. paniculata 'Big Ben'

H. serrata 'Kiyosumi'

H. macrophylla 'Hamburg' (D

H. macrophylla 'Madame Emile Mouillere'

4

-

mJMlM

]

__

^ A'

mS* ^ l

H. paniculata 'Phantom'

H. paniculata 'Silver Dollar'

H. macrophylla 'Lilacina' (D

H. macrophylla 'Ami Pasquier'

macrophylla 'Europa'

H. macrophylla 'Ayesha'

H. macrophylla 'Mowe'

H. serrata 'Bluebird' (D

H. paniculata 'Dharuma'

H. aspera 'Mauvette'

H. macrophylla 'Blue Bonnet' (D

H. macrophylla 'Libelle'

H. serrata 'Crayswood'

H. paniculata pink diamond ('Interhydia') ®

H. paniculata 'Limelight'

H. aspera subsp. sargentiana

| ■*

p^||

* ■ '%jir '

'jP

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HHf

mm

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? i * v ■

1

- ^

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

PINK

RED

Lavatera x clementii 'Rosea'

Semievergreen, erect shrub that
produces abundant clusters of
hollyhock-like, deep pink flowers
throughout summer. Has lobed,
sage-green leaves.

6 Z10-11 H12-3

ioft > _

3m 0

Hibiscus syriacus 'Woodbridge'

Deciduous, upright shrub. From late
summer to mid-fall large, reddish-pink
flowers, with deeper-colored centers,
appear amid lobed, dark green leaves.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z5—9 H9-1

136

Kalmia latifolia
(Mountain laurel, calico bush)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. In early
summer large clusters of pink flowers
open from distinctively crimped buds
amid glossy, rich green foliage.

0 A E5 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Paeonia delavayi (Tree peony)

Deciduous, upright, open, suckering
shrub. Leaves are divided into pointed-
oval leaflets, often with reddish stalks.
Produces bowl-shaped, red, orange,
yellow or white flowers, 2-2V2in
(5-6cm) across, with leafy
bracts beneath, in late spring.

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Lonicera ledebourii

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Red-tinged,
orange-yellow flowers are borne amid
dark green foliage in late spring and
early summer, and are followed by
black fruits. As these ripen,
deep red bracts enlarge
around them.

Erythrina x bidwillii

Deciduous, upright shrub with pale
to mid-green leaves divided into 3
leaflets, up to 4in (10cm) long. Bright
red flowers are carried in racemes
in late summer or fall.

10ft 3m

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

ioft r

3m 0

6 zn hi i-6

ioft

3m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Pieris formosa var. forrestii
'Wakehurst'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Young
leaves are brilliant red in early summer,
becoming pink, creamy-yellow
and finally dark green. Bears
urn-shaped, white flowers
in spring-summer.

0 A ® Z6-9 H9-6 3m-' 0

Calycanthus occidentalis
(California allspice)

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves
are large, aromatic and dark green.
Fragrant, purplish-red flowers with
many strap-shaped petals appear
during summer.

0 A Z6-9 H9-6 ',°I -

Erythrina crista-golli

(Cock's comb, Common coral tree)

Deciduous, mainly upright shrub or
small tree. Leaves have 3 oval leaflets.
Has leafy racemes of crimson flowers
in summer-fall. Dies back to
ground level in winter in
cold areas.

0 6 Zll HI 1-8

Telopea speciosissima (Waratah)

Evergreen, erect, fairly bushy shrub with
coarsely serrated leaves. Has tubular,
red flowers in dense, globose heads,
surrounded by bright red bracts,
in spring-summer.

10ft 3m

0 6 zio —15 hiz-io

Melaleuca elliptica
(Granite bottlebrush)

Evergreen, rounded shrub with
long, leathery, usually grayish-green
leaves. Flowers, consisting of a
brush of red stamens, are borne
in dense, terminal spikes in
spring-summer.

0 £> HI 1-10

10ft

3m 0

Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow'

Vigorous, deciduous, dense shrub with
spines. Broadly oval leaves are rich
red-purple mottled with pink and cream,
when young, maturing to burgundy-red
in fall. Has small, red-tinged,
yellow flowers in spring

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Abutilon 'Ashford Red'

Strong-growing, evergreen, erect
to spreading shrub with maple- to
heart-shaped, serrated, pale to
mid-green leaves. Pendent, bell¬
shaped, crimson flowers are
borne from spring to fall.

0 6 Z9—10 H10-1

10ft

3m 1 0

Camellia japonica 'Mathotiana'

Evergreen, spreading shrub with
lance-shaped to oval, slightly twisted,
dark green leaves. Very large, formal
double, velvety, dark crimson flowers
become purplish with age
warm climates often have
rose-form centers.

■0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

id in

Callistemon rig id us (Stiff bottlebrush)

Evergreen, bushy, slightly arching
shrub with long, narrow, sharply
pointed, dark green leaves and dense
spikes of deep red flowers in late
spring and early summer.

10ft 3m

0- 6 Z10-11 Hll-10

137

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

BLUE

Acer palmatum 'Bloodgood'

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or small
tree with deep reddish-purple leaves
that turn brilliant red in fall. Small,
reddish-purple flowers in mid-spring
are often followed by decorative,

, , ~ .. 1 Oft 3m

winged, red fruits.

6 Z6-8 H8-2

Abutilon x suntense 'Violetta'

Fast-growing, deciduous, upright,
arching shrub that carries an abundance
of large, bowl-shaped, deep violet
flowers in late spring and early
summer. Vinelike leaves are
sharply toothed and dark green. m

PURPLE

Ceanothus impressus

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Spreading
growth is covered with small, crinkled,
dark green leaves. Deep blue flowers
appear in small clusters from
mid-spring to early summer.

1 Oft 3m

0 6 Z12-15 H12-6

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8

10ft * .

3m 0

iochroma australe

Deciduous, erect to spreading shrub with
ovate, dark green leaves and bell-shaped,
white to blue-purple flowers, %in (2cm)
long, borne from short spurs in early
summer, followed by spherical,

„ r .. 10ft 3m

yellow-orange fruits,

5 /sin (1.5cm) across.

& 6 © Z10-U Hll-5 3m-'o

Sophora davidii

Deciduous, bushy shrub with arching
shoots. Produces short racemes of small,
pealike, purple and white flowers in late
spring and early summer. Gray-green
leaves have many leaflets.

1 Oft 3m

0 6 © Z6-9 H9-6

138

Prostanthera rotundifolia
(Round-leaved mint-bush)

Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub with
tiny, sweetly aromatic, deep green leaves
and short, leafy racemes of bell-shaped,
lavender to purple-blue flowers
in late spring or summer.

0 6 Zll Hll-5

M

Hibiscus syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu'

Deciduous, upright shrub that carries
large, red-centered, lilac-blue flowers
from late summer to mid-fall. Has
lobed, deep green leaves.

Ceanothus 'Autumnal Blue'

Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub.
Has glossy, bright green foliage and
large panicles of pale to mid-blue
flowers from late spring to fall.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

10ft 3m

6 Z9-10 H10-9

10ft 3m

GREEN

Eleutherococcus sieboldianus

Deciduous, bushy, elegant shrub. Has
glossy, bright green leaves, divided
into 5 leaflets, and is armed with spines.
Clusters of small, greenish flowers
appear in early summer.

10ft 3m

6 Z4-8 H9-3

Ptelea trifoliate 'Aurea'

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub or low
tree. Leaves, consisting of 3 leaflets, are
bright yellow when young, maturing to
pale green. Bears racemes of greenish
flowers in summer, followed
by winged, green fruits.

££ 6 Z5-9 H9-5

ioft - |

3m 0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Callistemon pallidus

Evergreen, arching shrub. Gray-green
foliage is pink-tinged when young and
in early summer is covered with dense
spikes of creamy-yellow flowers that
resemble bottlebrushes.

Bupleurum fruticosum
(Shrubby hare's ear)

Evergreen, bushy shrub with slender
shoots. From mid-summer to early
fall rounded heads of small, yellow
flowers are borne amid glossy,
dark bluish-green foliage.

0 6 Zio-U Hll-10

0- 6 Z7-11 HI 1-7

Jasminum humile (Yellow jasmine)

Evergreen, bushy shrub that bears
bright yellow flowers on long, slender,
green shoots from early spring to late
fall. Leaves, with 5 or 7 leaflets, are
bright green.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Sambucus racemosa 'Plumosa Aurea'

Slow-growing, deciduous, bushy shrub
with leaves made up of 5 oval leaflets,
each deeply cut. Leaves are bronze when
young maturing to golden-yellow in
early summer. Star-shaped,
yellow flowers in spring are
followed by scarlet fruits.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1 3 “- '0

Elaeagnus x ebbingei 'Limelight'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
glossy, dark green leaves, silver
beneath, centrally marked yellow
and pale green. Bears small, fragrant,
white flowers in fall.

Colutea arborescens (Bladder senna)

Fast-growing, deciduous, open shrub.
Has pale green leaves with many leaflets,
pealike, yellow flowers throughout
summer, and bladder-like seed pods
in late summer and fall.

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-1

0- 6 © Z6-8 H8-6

139

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

FALL

YELLOW

RED

140

Colutea x media

Vigorous, deciduous, open shrub. Gray-
green leaves have many leaflets. Racemes
of yellow flowers, tinged with copper-
orange, appear in summer, followed
by bladder-like, papery,
red-tinged seed pods.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Ligustrum 'Vicaryi'

Semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub
with broad, oval, golden-yellow leaves.
Dense racemes of small, white flowers
appear in mid-summer.

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

10ft 3m

Euonymus hamiltonianus
subsp. sieboldianus 'Red Elf

Deciduous, upright shrub with mid-
to dark green foliage. Decorative,
deep pink fruits, borne in profusion
after tiny, green flowers in
early summer, open in fall
to reveal red seeds.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade'

Deciduous, bushy shrub or small
tree with narrowly oval, mid-green
leaves that redden in fall as red
fruits open to show orange seeds.

Has inconspicuous, greenish

r, , i Oft 3

flowers in early summer.

6 ® Z4-7 H7-1 3°m— o

Euonymus latifolius

Deciduous, open shrub. Mid-green
foliage turns brilliant red in late fall.

At the same time large, deep red fruits
with prominent wings open to reveal
orange seeds.

10ft 3m

6 (D Z7-9 H9-7

Spartium junceum (Spanish broom)

Deciduous, almost leafless, upright
shrub that arches with age. Fragrant,
pealike, golden-yellow flowers appear
from early summer to early fall on dark
green shoots.

0 6 ® Z8—11 H12-8

m

Rhus glabra (Smooth sumac)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with bluish-
white-bloomed, reddish-purple stems.
Deep blue-green leaves turn red in fall.
Bears panicles of greenish-red flower
heads in summer followed by

Euonymus alatus

(Burning bush, winged spindle)

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
shoots that develop corky wings. Dark
green leaves turn brilliant red in fall.
Inconspicuous, greenish flowers

n im

red fruits on female plants.

i

iun Am

*

in summer are followed by small,
purple-red fruits.

&■ 6 Z2-8 H8-1 3m -

H.

6 ® Z4-9 H9-1 3“ -

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

RED/PURPLE

ORANGE

Disanthus cercidifolius

Deciduous, rounded shrub with broadly
oval to almost circular, bluish-green
leaves that turn yellow, orange, red
or purple in fall. Has small, dark
red flowers in fall as the leaves

. . , 10ft 3n

drop, or later.

Z5-8 H8-5 ' “-o

Pyracantha 'Golden Charmer'

Evergreen, bushy, arching, spiny
shrub with glossy, bright green leaves.
Flattish clusters of white flowers in early
summer are succeeded by large, bright
orange berries in early fall.

10ft 3m

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Leonotis leonurus (Lion's ear)

Semievergreen, sparingly branched,
erect shrub. Has lance-shaped leaves
and whorls of tubular, bright orange
flowers in late fall and early winter.

6 Hii-6

10ft 3m

10ft ^_

3m ’ 0

Zanthoxylum simulans

Deciduous, bushy shrub or small tree
with sturdy spines. Aromatic, glossy,
bright green leaves consist of 5 leaflets.
Tiny, yellowish-green flowers in
late spring and early summer are
followed by orange-red fruits. t "

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6 •-o

Clerodendrum bungei

Evergreen or deciduous, upright,
suckering shrub or subshrub with
heart-shaped, coarsely serrated leaves.
Has domed clusters of small, fragrant,
red-purple to deep pink flowers
in late summer and early fall.

0 6 Z8-10 HU-8 '“m • — c

Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii

(Beauty berry)

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Leaves
are pale green, often bronze-tinged
when young. Tiny, lilac flowers
in mid-summer are followed by
small, violet berries.

Berberis x carminea 'Barbarossa'

Semievergreen, arching shrub. Has
narrowly oval, dark green leaves and
racemes of rounded, yellow flowers in
late spring and early summer, followed
by globose, orange-scarlet fruits.

10ft 3m

Colquhounia coccinea

Evergreen or semievergreen, open
shrub. Has aromatic, sage-green leaves
and whorls of scarlet or orange flowers
in late summer and fall.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

10ft

3m ’ 0

Cotoneaster sternianus

Evergreen or semievergreen, arching
shrub. Leaves are gray-green, white
beneath. Pink-tinged, white flowers
in early summer are followed
by oranqe-red fruits.

10ft 3m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

10ft

3m 1 * 0

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

6 © Z7-9 H9-7

10ft

3m 0

141

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

142

Cotoneaster conspicuus Cotoneaster salicifolius

Cotoneaster x watereri
'John Waterer'

SHRUBS FOR BERRIES

Most plants produce seeds in one form or another, but
fruits and berries offer the best decorative value. Shrubs,
in particular, offer a huge variety of berries in a range of
colors, shapes, and sizes. Most appear from summer to
late fall, with many enduring well into winter, brightening
up the garden when color is in short supply, and providing
an excellent source of nutrition for birds and wildlife. The
most popular berried shrubs are cotoneaster, viburnum,
and the snowberry (Symphoricarpos), with more unusual
fruit produced by Clerodendrum trichotomum and Decaisnea
fargesii, among others. Many of these plants are easy to
grow, and will thrive in most soils, if given an annual
application of all-purpose granular fertilizer in spring.

Cotoneaster frigidus

Euonymus hamiltonianus
subsp. sieboldianus (D

Cornus alba 'Sibirica Variegata' Chaenomeles cathayensis Poncirus trifoliata

Symphoricarpos albus
var. laevigatus (D

Daphne mezereum (D Hippophae rhamnoides Viburnum plicatum

Pink Beauty' (D

Cornus sanguinea

Viburnum betulifolium (D

Euonymus hamiltonianus (D

Aronia arbutifolia

Decaisnea fargesii

Symplocos paniculata

Sarcococca confusa

Clerodendrum trichotomum

MEDIUM

WINTER

WHITE

Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price'

Evergreen, bushy, very compact
shrub with oval, dark green leaves.
In winter-spring, deep pink
buds open into flattened heads
of small, star-shaped, white
flowers, which are followed
by ovoid, blue fruits.

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8 3 “ —

10ft 3m

0

PINK

Viburnum x bodnantense 'Dawn'

Deciduous, upright shrub with
oval, bronze, young leaves that
mature to dark green. Racemes
of deep pink buds open to
fragrant, pink flowers during
mild periods from late fall
to early spring.

0 6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

1

Cornus alba 'Sibirica'

Deciduous, upright shrub with
scarlet, young shoots in winter.
Has dark green foliage and heads
of creamy-white flowers in late
spring and early summer,
succeeded by rounded,
white fruits.

0 6 ® Z2-8 H8-1 jm ’

Viburnum farreri

Deciduous, upright shrub. In late fall
and during mild periods in winter and
early spring bears fragrant, white or
pale pink flowers. Dark green foliage
is bronze when young.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Rubus biflorus

Deciduous, upright shrub with chalky-
white, young shoots in winter. Leaves,
consisting of 5-7 oval leaflets, are dark
green above, white beneath. White
flowers in late spring and
early summer are followed
by edible, yellow fruits.

0 6Z6-9H9-6 3m' * o

Cotoneaster simonsii

Deciduous or semievergreen, upright
shrub, suitable for hedging. Has oval,
glossy, dark green leaves, shallowly
cup-shaped, white flowers in early
summer and long-lasting,
orange-red fruits in fall.

0 6 © Z6-8 H8-6

10ft 3m

Rubus thibetanus

Deciduous, arching shrub with
white-bloomed, brownish-purple,
young shoots in winter and fernlike,
glossy, dark green foliage, white
beneath. Small, pink flowers
from mid- to late summer are
followed by black fruits.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7 3

Viburnum foetens

Deciduous, bushy shrub that
has aromatic, dark green leaves.
Dense clusters of pink buds open
to very fragrant, white flowers
from mid-winter to early spring.

Daphne bholua 'Jacqueline Postin'

Slow-growing, evergreen, upright,
compact shrub with oval, leathery,
deep green leaves. Masses of highly
fragrant flowers, deep pink in
bud opening to white, are borne

Nandina domestica 'Fire Power'

Evergreen or semievergreen, elegant,
bamboo-like, dwarf shrub. Leaves
have dark green leaflets, purplish-
red when young and in fall-winter.
Bears small, white flowers in

T

in terminal clusters in late

summer followed in warm

A

winter and early spring.

1

areas by orange-red fruits.

06®Z6-8H8-6 3m®

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7 3m

0- A Z6— 11 HI 1-4 3m •—■„

143

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

MEDIUM

WINTER

ALL YEAR

YELLOW

Mahonia japonica

Evergreen, upright shrub with deep
green leaves consisting of many spiny
leaflets. Long, spreading sprays of
fragrant, yellow flowers appear from
late fall to spring, succeeded
by purple-blue fruits.

Z7—8 H8-7

Chimonanthus praecox (Wintersweet)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with oval,
rough, glossy, dark green leaves.

Bears very fragrant, many-petaled,
cup-shaped, yellow flowers, with
purple centers, on bare branches
in mild periods during winter.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

I

WHITE

Euonymus japonicus
'Latifolius Albomarginatus'

Evergreen, upright, bushy and dense
shrub with oval, dark green leaves
broadly edged with white. Produces
clusters of insignificant, greenish-
white flowers in late spring.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-1

M

GREEN

Corokia cotoneaster
(Wire-netting bush)

Evergreen, bushy, open shrub with
interlacing shoots. Has small, spoon¬
shaped, dark green leaves, fragrant,
yellow flowers in late spring and
red fruits in fall.

£>:- 6 Z9-11 HU-10 1 -

Jasminum nudiflorum

(Winter jasmine)

Deciduous, arching shrub with oval,
dark green leaves. Bright yellow
flowers appear on slender,
leafless, green shoots in
winter and early spring.

C) Z6-9 H9-6

Stachyurus praecox

Deciduous, spreading, open shrub with
purplish-red shoots. Drooping spikes of
pale greenish-yellow flowers open in late
winter and early spring, before pointed,
deep green leaves appear.

144

0 6 E5 Z6-8 H8-6

Pyracantha 'Golden Dome'

Evergreen, rounded, very dense, spiny
shrub. Dark green foliage sets off white
flowers borne in early summer. These
are followed by orange-yellow berries
in early fall.

Fatsia japonica 'Variegata'

Evergreen, rounded, bushy and dense
shrub with palmate, glossy, dark green
leaves, variegated marginally with
creamy-white, and large sprays of
small, white flowers in fall.

1 Oft 3m

Euonymus fortunei 'Silver Queen'

Evergreen, bushy, sometimes scandent
shrub with a dense growth of dark
green leaves, broadly edged with white.
Produces insignificant, greenish-
white flowers in spring.

1 Oft 3m

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-2

Arctostaphylos patula

Evergreen, rounded shrub with
reddish-brown bark and bright
gray-green foliage. Urn-shaped,
white or pale pink flowers appear
from mid- to late spring,
followed by brown fruits.

& 6 Z6-9 H9-6 '°I

Buxus sempervirens
'Handsworthensis'

(Common boxwood)

Vigorous, evergreen, bushy, upright
shrub or small tree. Has broad,
very dark green leaves. A
dense habit makes it ideal
for hedging or screening.

0 £> ® Z7-9 H9-7 -'o I 0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

10ft

3m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SMALL

SPRING

Prunus laurocerasus 'Zabeliana'

Evergreen, wide-spreading, open shrub.
Leaves are very narrow and glossy, dark
green. Spikes of white flowers in late
spring are followed by cherry-like,
red, then black, fruits.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6 ,.5m

Buxus balearica (Balearic boxwood)

Evergreen, treelike shrub suitable for
hedging in mild areas. Has broadly oval,
bright green leaves.

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Melianthus major (Honeybush)

Evergreen, sprawling, shrub bearing
blue-gray leaves, 25-45cm (10—18in)
long, divided into 7-13 oval, toothed
leaflets. Tubular, brownish-red
flowers are produced in terminal
spikes, 12in (30cm) long, in
spring and summer.

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8 'Z -

WHITE

Ledum groenlandicum (Labrador tea)

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Foliage is dark
green and aromatic. Rounded heads of
small, white flowers are carried from
mid-spring to early summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 A Z2—6 H6-1

Prunus laurocerasus 'Otto Luyken'

Evergreen, very dense shrub. Has
upright, narrow, glossy, dark green
leaves, spikes of white flowers in late
spring, followed by cherry-like, red,
then black, fruits.

0 6 © Z6-9 H9-6

Caultheria x wisleyensis
'Wisley Pearl'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
oval, deeply veined, dark green leaves.
Bears small, white flowers in late spring
and early summer, then purplish-
red fruits.

0 A ® Z7-9 H9-7

Spiraea x vanhouttei (Bridal wreath)

Deciduous, compact shrub with slender,
arching shoots. In late spring and early
summer abundant, small, dense clusters
of white flowers appear amid diamond¬
shaped, dark green leaves.

0 6 Z4—8 H8-i

Deutzia gracilis

Deciduous, upright or spreading
shrub. Massed, 5-petaled, pure white
flowers are borne in upright clusters
amid bright green foliage in late
spring and early summer.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Prunus glandulosa 'Alba Plena'

Deciduous, open shrub, with narrowly
oval, mid-green leaves, bearing racemes
of double, white flowers in late spring.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-3 ,.5m- ‘o

Salix hastata 'Wehrhahnii'

Deciduous, upright-branched shrub
with deep purple stems that contrast
with silver-gray catkins borne in early
spring before foliage appears. Stems
later turn yellow. Has oval, bright
green leaves.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5 , S m'

145

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

SPRING

WHITE

Viburnum x juddii

Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub
with dark green foliage. Rounded
heads of very fragrant, pink-tinged,
white flowers open from pink buds
from mid- to late spring.

& 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5 ,.5m

PINK

Deutzia x rosea

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. In
late spring and early summer produces
massed, broad clusters of 5-petaled,
pale pink flowers. Leaves are oval
and dark green.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

5ft

1.5m

Daphne retusa

Evergreen, densely branched, rounded
shrub clothed with leathery, glossy
leaves notched at the tips. In late spring
and early summer, deep purple
buds open to very fragrant,
pink-flushed, white flowers
borne in terminal clusters.

£>:- 6 © Z7-9 H9-7 ,,5m ' -

Viburnum carlesii

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
dark green leaves that redden in fall.
Rounded heads of very fragrant,
white and pink flowers, pink in
bud, appear from mid- to late
spring, followed by decorative,
black fruits.

0 6 © Z5-8 H8-5 , ,5m -

Menziesia ciliicalyx var. purpurea

Deciduous, bushy shrub with bright
green foliage and racemes of nodding,
purplish-pink blooms in late spring
and early summer.

Prunus tenella

Deciduous, bushy shrub with upright
shoots and narrowly oval, glossy leaves.
Shallowly cup-shaped, bright pink
flowers appear from mid- to late spring.

A E5 Z6-9 H9-6

5ft 1.5m

5ft 1.5m

0 6 © Z6-8 H8-6 ,.5m o

RED

Cantua buxifolia

Evergreen, arching, bushy shrub. Has
gray-green foliage and drooping clusters
of bright red and magenta flowers from
mid- to late spring.

6 zio-n hh-io

146

Chaenomeles speciosa 'Snow'

Slow-growing, deciduous shrub forming
a dense framework of interlacing, spiny
branches. Has oval, toothed, dark green
leaves. Saucer-shaped, pure white
flowers, l%in (4cm) across, in
spring are followed by spherical,
edible, yellow fruits.

& 6 Z5-9 H9-1 ,. s “ —

Daphne x burkwoodii 'Somerset'

Semievergreen, upright shrub that
bears dense clusters of very fragrant,
white and pink flowers in late spring,
and sometimes again in fall. Leaves
are lance-shaped and pale
to mid-green.

-:0:- 6 ® Z4-7 H7-i , j£ —

Prunus x cistena

Slow-growing, deciduous, upright
shrub with deep reddish-purple
leaves, red when young. Small,
pinkish-white flowers from mid- to
late spring may be followed by
purple fruits.

0 6 © Z3-8 H8-1

Ribes sanguineum 'Edward VII'

Deciduous, upright, compact shrub
with rounded, 3-5-lobed, aromatic, dark
green leaves. Small, tubular, reddish-
pink flowers are borne, from mid- to
late spring, and are sometimes
followed by spherical, black
fruits with a white bloom.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6 , ,5m —

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GREEN

YELLOW

Chaenomeles x superba
'Rowallane' (Flowering quince)

Deciduous, low, spreading shrub.

Has glossy, dark green foliage and
bears a profusion of large, red flowers
during spring.

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Chaenomeles x superba
'Nicoline' (Flowering quince)

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.

Has glossy, dark green leaves and a
profusion of large, scarlet flowers in
spring, followed by yellow fruits. ^ ^

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Arctostaphylos 'Emerald Carpet'

Evergreen shrub that, with a low, dense
growth of oval, bright green leaves and
purple-red stems, makes excellent
groundcover. Bears small, urn-shaped,
white flowers in spring.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 SiJ Z6-9 H9-6

Euphorbia characias
subsp. characias

Evergreen, upright shrub with clusters of
narrow, gray-green leaves. During spring
and early summer, bears dense spikes
of pale yellowish-green flowers

• L, , , . 5ft 1.5m

with deep purple centers.

0 6 © Z7-10 H10-7 i ,5m - * o

Daphne laureola subsp. philippi

Evergreen, dwarf shrub with oval, dark
green leaves. Slightly fragrant, tubular,
pale green flowers with short, spreading
lobes appear in late winter and early
spring, followed by black fruits.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 © Z7-8 H8-7

Salix lanata (Woolly willow)

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
sturdy, woolly, gray shoots and broad,
silver-gray leaves. Large, yellowish-
green catkins appear in late spring
with foliage.

A Z3-5 H5-1

5ft ^

1.5m 0

Salix repens (Creeping willow)

Deciduous, prostrate or semi-upright
and bushy shrub. Silky, gray catkins
become yellow from mid- to late spring,
before small, narrowly oval leaves,
which are gray-green above,
silvery beneath, appear.

A Z5—7 H7-5 ,.5m

Euphorbia characias subsp. wulfenii

Evergreen, upright shrub. Stems
are biennial, producing clustered,
gray-green leaves one year and
spikes of yellow-green blooms
the following spring.

0 6 © Z7-10 H10-7

147

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

SPRING

Cytisus x praecox 'Warminster'

(Warminster broom)

Deciduous, densely branched shrub.
From mid- to late spring, pealike,
creamy-yellow flowers appear in
profusion amid tiny, silky, gray-

5f

green leaves with 3 leaflets.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6 ,.5m

YELLOW

Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon grape)

Evergreen, open shrub. Leaves, with
glossy, bright green leaflets, often turn
red or purple in winter. Bunches of
small, yellow flowers in spring are
followed by blue-black berries.

A Z6-9 H9-6

Caragana arborescens 'Nana'

Deciduous, bushy, dwarf shrub with
mid-green leaves consisting of many
oval leaflets. Pealike, yellow flowers
are borne in late spring.

5ft 1.5m

148 ...

-:0; 6 Z2-8 H8-1

Cytisus x praecox 'Allgold'

(Allgold broom)

Deciduous, densely branched shrub
with silky, gray-green leaves, divided
into 3 leaflets, and a profusion of
pealike, yellow flowers from
mid- to late spring.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Ulex europaeus (Gorse)

Leafless or almost leafless, bushy shrub
with year-round, dark green shoots and
spines that make it appear evergreen.
Bears massed, fragrant, pealike,
yellow flowers in spring.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 ES © Z6-8 H8-6 ,.5m

Berberis empetrifolia

Evergreen, arching, prickly shrub with
narrow, gray-green leaves, globose,
golden-yellow flowers in late spring
and black fruits in fall.

& 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

5ft 1.5m

5ft_|

1.5m 0

Genista tinctoria (Common woadwax,
Dyers' greenwood)

Deciduous, spreading, dwarf shrub
that bears dense spires of pealike,
golden-yellow flowers in spring
and summer. Leaves are narrow

... 5ft 1.5m

and dark green.

6 Z2-8 H8-i

1.5m 0

Choisya ternata sundance ('Lich')

Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
aromatic, glossy, bright yellow leaves
divided into 3 oblong leaflets. Fragrant,
star-shaped, white flowers are produced
in clusters in late spring and
often again in fall.

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8 , ,5m •-0

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

WHITE

Deutzia monbeigii

Deciduous, arching, elegant shrub.
Clusters of small, 5-petaled, white
flowers appear in profusion among
small, dark green leaves from early-
to mid-summer.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Olearia phlogopappa
var. subrepanda

Evergreen, upright, compact shrub.
Heads of daisylike, white flowers
are borne profusely from mid-spring
to early summer amid narrow,
toothed, gray-green leaves.

0 C) HI 1-8 1.5m"

Pbiladelphus 'Manteau d'Hermine'

Deciduous, bushy, compact shrub.
Clusters of fragrant, double, creamy-
white flowers appear amid small, pale
to mid-green leaves from early to
mid-summer.

Halimium umbellatum

Evergreen, upright shrub.
Narrow, glossy, dark green leaves
are white beneath. White flowers,
centrally blotched with yellow,
are produced in early summer
from reddish buds.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

5ft

1.5m 0

0 6 Z9—11 HI 1-9

Potentilla fruticosa 'Abbotswood'

Deciduous, bushy shrub. Large, pure
white flowers are borne amid dark
blue-green leaves, divided into 5
narrowly oval leaflets, throughout
summer-fall.

5ft 1.5m 5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Potentilla fruticosa 'Farrer's White'

Deciduous, bushy shrub with divided,
gray-green leaves. Bears an abundance
of white flowers during summer-fall.

Hebe 'White Gem'

Evergreen, rounded shrub that produces
a dense mound of small, glossy leaves
covered in early summer with tight
racemes of small, white flowers.

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Rhodotypos scandens

Deciduous, upright or slightly arching
shrub. In late spring and early summer,
amid sharply toothed leaves, bears
shallowly cupped, white flowers,
followed by small, pea-shaped.

Convolvulus cneorum

Evergreen, rounded, bushy, dense
shrub. Pink-tinged buds opening to
white flowers with yellow centers
are borne from late spring to late
summer among narrow, silky.

x Halimiocistus sahucii

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
narrow, dark green leaves that set off
an abundance of pure white flowers
in late spring and early summer.

black fruits.

t * silvery-green leaves.

o 0 A Z5-8 H8-5

5ft ■

— 0 0 A Z8-11 Hll-8

i .5m - 1 0AZ7-9H9-7

5ft A

149

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

SUMMER

WHITE

Cistus salviifolius

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
slightly wrinkled, gray-green foliage.
White flowers, with central, yellow
blotches, appear in profusion
during early summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z8-11 HI 1-8

5ft r—*

1.5m 0

Cistus x hybridus (Rock rose)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
wrinkled, wavy-edged, dark green
leaves and massed white flowers,
with central, yellow blotches, carried
in late spring and early summer.

5ft 1.5m

Cistus x cyprius

Evergreen, bushy shrub with sticky
shoots and narrow, glossy, dark green
leaves. In early summer bears large,
white flowers, with a red blotch at
each petal base, that appear in

o , 5ft 1

succession for some weeks
but last only a day.

&: 6 Z8-10 H8-1

5ft M

1.5m 0

0 6 Z8-11 Hll-8

Cassinia leptophylla
subsp. vauviHiersii

Evergreen, upright shrub. Whitish
shoots are covered with tiny, dark green
leaves and heads of small, white flowers
from mid- to late summer.

5ft 1.5m

-£j:- C> Z8-9 H9-8

150

Cistus x aguilarii 'Maculatus'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with narrow,
wavy-edged, slightly sticky, rich
green leaves. Large, white flowers,
with a central, deep red and
yellow pattern, appear from
early to mid-summer.

0 6 Z9-11 HI 1-9 ,.5m -

Cistus iadanifer

Evergreen, open, upright shrub. Leaves
are narrow, dark green and sticky. Bears
large, white flowers, with red markings
around the central tuft of stamens,
in profusion in early summer.

Rhaphiolepis umbellata

Evergreen, bushy shrub with rounded,
leathery, dark green leaves and
clusters of fragrant, white flowers
in early summer.

Vaccinium corymbosum
(Highbush blueberry)

Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
shrub. Small, white or pinkish flowers
in late spring and early summer
are followed by sweet, edible.

-r' blue-black berries. Foliage

turns red in fall.

Z7-10 H10-7

5ft

A Z8-11 Hll-8

5ft

— o -:0:-A siJ Z3-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Yucca whipplei

Evergreen, virtually stemless shrub
that forms a dense tuft of slender,
pointed, blue-green leaves. Very long
panicles of fragrant, greenish-white
flowers are produced in late
spring and early summer.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7 15 5 m'

Ozothamnus ledifolius

Evergreen, dense shrub. Yellow shoots
are covered with small, aromatic leaves,
glossy, dark green above, yellow
beneath. Small, white flower heads
are borne in early summer.

5ft 1.5m

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Yucca flaccida 'Ivor/

Evergreen, very short-stemmed shrub
that produces tufts of narrow, dark
green leaves and long panicles of
bell-shaped, white flowers from
mid- to late summer.

5ft 1.5m

& 6 Z5-9 H9-5

5ft A I
1.5m 0

Viburnum acerifolium

Deciduous, upright-branched shrub with
bright green leaves that turn orange, red
and purple in fall. Decorative, red fruits,
which turn purple-black, follow heads
of creamy-white flowers in

. 5ft 1.5m

early summer.

0 6 ® zus H8-i Jm o

Lomatia silaifolia

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Spikes of
creamy-white flowers, each with 4
narrow, twisted petals, are borne amid
deeply divided, dark green leaves from
mid- to late summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 E5 Zll Hll-8

Hebe albicans

Evergreen shrub that forms a dense
mound of blue-gray foliage covered
with small, tight clusters of white
flowers from early to mid-summer.

Hebe recurva

Evergreen, open, spreading shrub.
Leaves are narrow, curved and
blue-gray. Small spikes of white flowers
appear from mid- to late summer.

5ft 1.5m

5ft 1.5m

6 Z9-11 HU-9

5ft J_

1.5m 0

6 Z9—11 HI 1-9

5ft

1.5m 0

L/^ |i

"3

yk ■

Hi

mjtr -*>

% M

Leptospermum rupestre

Evergreen, semiprostrate, widely
arching shrub with reddish shoots
and small, dark green leaves that
turn bronze-purple in winter. Small,
open cup-shaped, white flowers,
red-flushed in bud, appear in
early summer.

0 6 HU-10 ,.5m ——

151

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

152

SMALL

SUMMER

WHITE

Weigela florida 'Variegata'

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. Carries
a profusion of funnel-shaped, pink
flowers in late spring and early summer,
and has mid-green leaves broadly
edged with creamy-white.

PINK

Deutzia 'Mont Rose'

Deciduous, bushy shrub that produces
clusters of pink or pinkish-purple
flowers, in early summer, with yellow
anthers and occasionally white
markings. Leaves are sharply
toothed and dark green.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6 , ,5 m — - c

Fuchsia 'Lady Thumb'

Deciduous, upright, dwarf shrub bearing
small, semidouble flowers with reddish-
pink tubes and sepals, and pink-veined,
white petals. May be trained as a
miniature standard.

5ft 1.5m

Indigofera dielsiana

Deciduous, upright, open shrub.

Dark green leaves consist of 7-11 oval
leaflets. Slender, erect spikes of pale
pink flowers are borne from early
summer to early fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-4

5ft

1.5m ' ' 0

0 - £) Z9-11 Hll-9

5ft

1.5m ’ 0

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Cistus x skanbergii

Evergreen, bushy shrub. A profusion
of pale pink flowers appears amid
narrow, gray-green leaves from early
to mid-summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-9

Phlomis italica

Evergreen, upright shrub. In mid¬
summer, whorls of lilac-pink flowers
are borne at the ends of shoots amid
narrow, woolly, gray-green leaves.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-9

Coprosma x kirkii 'Variegata'

Evergreen, densely branched shrub,
prostrate when young, later semierect.
White-margined leaves are borne singly
or in small clusters. Tiny, translucent,
white fruits appear in fall
on female plants if both
sexes are grown.

0 6 Z8—10 H10-8 1.5m

Evergreen, upright, open-branched
shrub with toothed, glossy, pale green
leaves. A profusion of small, pale lilac
flowers appears in large racemes
in late spring and early summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-10

Hebe hulkeana 'Lilac Hint'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Deutzia x elegantissima 'Rosealind'

Deciduous, rounded, bushy, dense
shrub that produces clusters of
5-petaled, deep pink flowers from
late spring to early summer.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

5ft 1.5m

5ft ^

1.5m' 0

Cistus x argenteus 'Peggy Sammons'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with oval,
gray-green leaves. Saucer-shaped, pale
purplish-pink flowers are produced
freely during early summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z9-11 HU-9

Weigela florida 'Foliis Purpureis'

Deciduous, low, bushy shrub that bears
funnel-shaped flowers, deep pink
outside, pale pink to white inside, in late
spring and early summer. Leaves are
dull purple or purplish-green.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z5-8 H8-4

Penstemon isophyllus

Slightly untidy, deciduous shrub
or subshrub that, from mid- to late
summer, carries long sprays of large,
white- and red-throated, deep pink
flowers above spear-shaped,
glossy, mid-green leaves.

0 6 Z8-11 HI 1-8 ,.5m 1

Hebe 'Great Orme'

Evergreen, rounded, open shrub. Has
deep purplish shoots and glossy, dark
green foliage. Slender spikes of deep
pink flowers that fade to white are
produced from mid-summer

0 6 Z9-11 HI1-9

5ft |

1.5m ’ 0

Spiraea japonica 'Little Princess'

Slow-growing, deciduous, mound¬
forming shrub that produces copious
small heads of rose-pink blooms from
mid- to late summer. Small, dark green
leaves are bronze when young.

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Ceanothus 'Perle Rose'

Deciduous, bushy shrub that from
mid-summer to early fall bears dense
racemes of bright carmine-pink flowers
amid broad, oval, mid-green leaves.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z8—11 HI 1-8

5ft ^

1.5m 0

Abelia 'Edward Goucher'

Deciduous or semievergreen, arching
shrub. Oval, bright green leaves are
bronze when young. Bears a
profusion of lilac-pink flowers
from mid-summer to fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 - 6 Z7-9 H9-1

153

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SMALL

HARDY FUCHSIAS

With their vivid blooms and long flowering season,
hardy fuchsias are outstanding garden shrubs. They
flower throughout the summer months, producing an
abundance of vibrant, pendent, single to double flowers,
with flared or elegantly recurved sepals. These range
in color from deep red and purple to soft pink and pure
white, and are often bicolored. Unlike tender varieties
(see p.302), hardy fuchsias can be grown outside down
to Zone 7 in full sun or partial shade. They require moist,
well-drained soil, and can be grown in large containers.

F. 'Madame Cornelissen' F. magellanica F. 'Riccartonii'

F. magellanica 'Thompsonii' F. 'Hewlett's Hardy' F. 'Tom Thumb'

SUMMER

PINK

Abelia schumannii

Deciduous, arching shrub. Pointed,
mid-green leaves are bronze when
young. Yellow-blotched, rose-purple
and white flowers appear from
mid-summer to mid-fall.

5ft 1.5m

jij

& Z7-9 H9-i

1.5m 0

Spiraea japonica 'Anthony Waterer'

Deciduous, upright, compact shrub.
Red, young foliage matures to dark
green. Heads of crimson-pink blooms
appear from mid- to late summer.

6 Z4 —9 H9-i

5ft 1.5m

5ft

1.5m 0

Cistus creticus (Rock rose)

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Pink or
purplish-pink flowers, each with
a central, yellow blotch, appear
amid gray-green leaves from
early to mid-summer.

5ft 1.5m

Escallonia 'Donard Beauty'

Evergreen, arching shrub
with slender shoots. Deep pink
flowers are produced from early
to mid-summer among small,
oval, dark green leaves.

5ft 1.5m

_ T

6 z9-io hio-9

5ft M

1.5m 0

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

sft

1.5m 0

Desmodium elegans

Deciduous, upright subshrub. Mid¬
green leaves consist of 3 large leaflets.
Large racemes of pale lilac to deep
pink flowers appear from late
summer to mid-fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z8-11 Hll-8

Caultheria shallon (Shallon)

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Red shoots
carry broad, sharply pointed, dark
green leaves. Racemes of urn-shaped,
pink flowers in late spring and
early summer are followed by
purple berries.

A Sii ® Z6-8 H8-6 i ,5m

5ft 1.5m

sley. All Rights Reserved.

SALVIAS

Salvia is a vast genus of 900 species of mainly tender
subshrubs or herbaceous perennials from North, Central,
and South America and Africa. Most species have aromatic
leaves and the foliage of common sage. Salvia officinalis, has
been cultivated for centuries for culinary and medicinal use.
The flowers of shrubby salvias, which are primarily white,
pink, or red, are hooded and borne in whorls along the
stems in summer and early fall. Most species are quite
tender and need winter protection in frost-prone areas,
although common sage and its cultivars are very hardy.

S. microphylla will also withstand a few degrees of frost,
but the others featured here are conservatory plants.

Grow garden salvias in free-draining soil and full sun.

S. x jamensis S. x jamensis 'La Luna'

'Sierra San Antonio'

in

S. officinalis 'Tricolor'

S. officinalis 'Berggarten'

S. microphylla 'Pink Blush' S. microphylla 'Newby Hall'

S. officinalis

S. x jamensis 'Hot Lips'

S. microphylla 'La Foux'

S. officinalis 'Purpurascens'

S. greggii 'Icing Sugar'

S. microphylla 'Kew Red'

S. x jamensis 'Maraschino' S. x jamensis 'Red Velvet' S. microphylla 'Cerro Potosi'

S. officinalis 'Icterina'

SHRUBS

SMALL

SUMMER

RED

Kalmia angustifolia f. rubra

Evergreen, bushy, mound-forming
shrub with oval, dark green leaves
and clusters of small, deep red
flowers in early summer.

Escallonia rubra 'Woodside'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
small, glossy, dark green leaves and
short racemes of small tubular,
crimson flowers in summer-fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

1.5m 0

Potentilla fruticosa 'Red Ace'

Deciduous, spreading, bushy, dense
shrub. Bright vermilion flowers, pale
yellow on the backs of petals, are
produced among mid-green leaves
from late spring to mid-i
fade quickly in full sun.

0 £> Z3-7 H7-1

but

5ft 1.5m

Spiraea japonica 'Goldflame'

Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
shrub with orange-red, young leaves
turning to bright yellow and finally
pale green. Bears heads of deep
rose-pink flowers from mid-
to late summer.

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Salvia fulgens

Evergreen, upright subshrub. Oval
leaves are white and woolly beneath,
hairy above. Racemes of tubular,
2-lipped, scarlet flowers appear
in late summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Zll-15 H12-9

156

Phygelius aequalis

Evergreen or semievergreen, upright
subshrub. Clusters of tubular, pale red
flowers with yellow throats appear from
mid-summer to early fall. Leaves are
oval and dark green.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Salvia microphylla var. microphylla

Evergreen, well-branched, upright
shrub with pale to mid-green leaves.

Has tubular, bright red flowers from
purple-tinted, green calyces in late
summer and fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Acer palmatum 'Dissectum
Atropurpureum'

Deciduous shrub that forms a mound
of deeply divided, bronze-red or purple
foliage, which turns brilliant red,
orange or yellow in fall. Has
small, reddish-purple flowers
in mid-spring.

0 6 Z6-8 H8-2

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

BLUE

Hebe 'E.A. Bowles'

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with
narrow, glossy, pale green leaves and
slender spikes of lilac flowers produced
from mid-summer to late fall.

0 A Z10-11 H12-10

Lavandula stoechas (French lavender)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Heads
of tiny, fragrant, deep purple flowers,
topped by rose-purple bracts, appear in
late spring and summer. Mature leaves
are silver-gray and aromatic.

5ft 1.5m

0 A Z8-9 H9-8

Hebe 'Autumn Glory'

Evergreen shrub that forms a mound of
purplish-red shoots and rounded, deep
green leaves, over which dense racemes
of deep purple-blue flowers appear from
mid-summer to early winter.

0 A Z9-10 H10-9

Caryopteris x clandonensis
'Arthur Simmonds'

Deciduous, bushy subshrub. Masses
of blue to purplish-blue flowers appear
amid narrowly oval, irregularly toothed,
gray-green leaves from late
summer to fall.

0 A Z6-9 H9-1 ,.5m -0

Ceanothus 'Gloire de Versailles'

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub. Has
broad, oval, mid-green leaves and large
racemes of pale blue flowers from
mid-summer to early fall

5ft 1.5m

&: A Z7-11 HI1-7

Hyssopus officinalis (Hyssop)

Semievergreen or deciduous, bushy
shrub with aromatic, narrowly
oval, deep green leaves. Small,
blue flowers appear from mid¬
summer to early fall. Sometimes
used as a culinary herb.

-£j:- A Z6-9 H9-6 ,*

Hebe 'Purple Queen'

Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub
with glossy, deep green leaves that
are purple-tinged when young.
Dense racemes of deep purple
flowers appear from early
summer to mid-fall.

0 A Z9-11 Hll-9

Hebe 'Bowles's Variety'

Evergreen, rounded shrub with
ovate-oblong, slightly glossy,
mid-green leaves. In summer,
bears mauve-blue flowers
in compact, tapered.

Felicia amelloides 'Santa Anita'

Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. Blue
flower heads, with bright yellow centers,
are borne on long stalks from late
spring to fall among round to oval,
bright green leaves.

Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary)

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
aromatic, narrow leaves. Small,
purplish-blue to blue flowers
appear from mid-spring to early
summer and sometimes in fall.

terminal racemes.

Used as a culinary herb.

o -:0:-A zio-n Hii-io - 'o

0 A Hll-9 -- •

0 0 A Z8-11 H12-8 ,.5m —

157

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

LAVENDERS

Lavandula is a popular genus of about 25 species of
aromatic shrubs and herbs that originate predominantly
from the Mediterranean region and northeast Africa,
and thrive in hot, dry, sunny sites. Most have linear
silver-gray foliage and produce erect spikes of fragrant
flowers in shades of white, pink, blue, or purple, depending
on the type. They are versatile plants, and can be used to
edge borders, paths, and hard landscaping, or against a
backdrop of stonework, as a dwarf hedge or informal divide,
or in association with roses for a typical "English style" effect.
They are also excellent plants for coastal areas, coping well
with salt-laden maritime breezes, and thrive in well-drained
soil; they will suffer if planted in shade or wet soil.

L. angustifolia 'Miss Katherine'

L. 'Willow Vale' L. stoechas 'Snowman'

L. angustifolia 'Wendy Carlile'

L. pedunculata subsp. L. 'Fathead' L. 'Regal Splendour' L. stoechas f. rosea 'Kew Red' L. 'Helmsdale'

pedunculata 'James Compton'

L. angustifolia 'Little Lady'

L. x chaytorae 'Sawyers'

▼ \ ■

V ** 2 JAM flMfeL 2r

1 #

jHm

158

i» n JifF 1- y *■“ i

* - * Ajt i •J WK -9 1

t_V

L. angustifolia 'Loddon Blue'

L. angustifolia 'Imperial Gem' L. lanata

L. angustifolia 'Hidcote'

SMALL

SUMMER

BLUE

Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens
(Creeping blue blossom)

Evergreen, dense shrub that forms
a mound of broad, glossy, dark
green leaves. Racemes of blue
flowers are borne in late
spring and early summer.

0 6 Z7-11 H10-3 , ,5m ®

Perovskia 'Blue Spire'

Deciduous, upright subshrub with
gray-white stems. Profuse spikes of
violet-blue flowers appear from late
summer to mid fall above aromatic,
deeply cut, gray-green leaves.

0 6 Z6-8 H9-6

YELLOW

Physocarpus opulifolius 'Dart's Cold'

Deciduous, compact shrub with
peeling bark and oval, lobed,
golden-yellow leaves. Produces
clusters of shallowly cup-shaped,
white or pale pink flowers

. ... 5ft 1.5n

in late spring.

0- 6 E5 Z3-7 H7-1 , ,5m 1 „

Ruta graveolens 'Jackman's Blue'

(Common rue)

Evergreen, bushy, compact
subshrub. Has aromatic, finely
divided, blue foliage. In summer,
clusters of small, mustard-yellow
flowers are borne.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Potentilla fruticosa 'Vilmoriniana'

Deciduous, upright shrub that bears
pale yellow or creamy-white flowers
from late spring to mid fall. Leaves
are silver-gray and divided into
narrow leaflets.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Ceratostigma willmottianum

Deciduous, open shrub. Has leaves
that turn red in late fall and bright,
rich blue flowers from late summer
until well into fall.

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

Weigela middendorffiana

Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub.
From mid-spring to early summer
funnel-shaped, sulfur-yellow
flowers, spotted with orange
inside, are borne amid

Santolina pinnata

subsp. neapolitana 'Sulphurea'

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub
with aromatic, deeply cut, feathery,
gray-green foliage. Produces heads
of pale primrose-yellow flowers

Lupinus arboreus (Tree lupine)

Fast-growing, semievergreen,
sprawling shrub that in early summer
usually bears short spikes of fragrant,
clear yellow flowers above hairy,
pale green leaves composed of

bright green foliage.

t‘ in mid-summer.

I 6-9 leaflets.

0 A Z5-7 H7-5

5ft "

—^0 0 A Z9-11 H12-9

, s!- L 0 A © Z9-10 H10-9

5ft

159

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

SUMMER

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
'Foliis Variegatis'

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
bright green leaves edged with yellow.
Occasionally bears white or pink flowers
in summer-fall.

5ft 1.5m

6 ® Z2-7 H7-1 ,.5m

Phygelius aequalis 'Yellow Trumpet'

Evergreen or semievergreen, upright
subshrub. Bears clusters of pendent,
tubular, pale creamy-yellow flowers
from mid-summer to early fall.

£>:- 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Potentilla fruticosa 'Friedrichsenii'

Vigorous, deciduous, upright
shrub. From late spring to mid fall
pale yellow flowers are produced
amid gray-green leaves.

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Halimium 'Susan'

Evergreen, spreading shrub with
narrow, oval, gray-green leaves.
Numerous single or semidouble,
bright yellow flowers with central,
deep purple-red markings are
borne in small clusters along
branches in summer.

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-9 , ,5m —

Phlomis fruticosa (Jerusalem sage)

Evergreen, spreading shrub with
upright shoots. Whorls of deep
golden-yellow flowers are produced
amid sagelike, gray-green foliage
from early to mid-summer.

5ft 1.5m

£>:- 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Potentilla fruticosa 'Elizabeth'

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub with
small, deeply divided leaves and large,
bright yellow flowers that appear from
late spring to mid-fall.

5ft 1.5m

Hypericum 'Hidcote'

Evergreen or semievergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. Bears an abundance
of large, golden-yellow flowers from
mid-summer to early fall amid narrowly
oval, dark green leaves.

5ft 1.5m

Berberis thunbergii 'Aurea'

Deciduous, bushy, spiny shrub with
small, golden-yellow leaves. Racemes
of small, red-tinged, pale yellow
flowers in mid-spring are followed
by red berries in fall.

5ft 1.5m

Cytisus nigricans

Deciduous, upright shrub with dark
green leaves composed of 3 leaflets. Has
a long-lasting display of tall, slender
spires of yellow flowers during summer.

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

5ft 1.5m

5ft __

1.5m 0

Genista hispanica (Spanish gorse)

Deciduous, bushy, very spiny shrub
with few leaves. Bears dense clusters
of golden-yellow flowers profusely in
late spring and early summer.

5ft 1.5m

160 ...

--O:- (J Z3-7 H7-1

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

6 Z7-9 H9-7

5ft

1.5m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Hypericum x inodorum 'Elstead'

Deciduous or semievergreen, upright
shrub. Abundant, small, yellow flowers
borne from mid-summer to early fall
are followed by ornamental, orange-
red fruits. Dark green leaves are
aromatic when crushed.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7 i ,5m * -

Brachyglottis monroi

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub that
makes an excellent windbreak in mild,
coastal areas. Has small, wavy-edged,
dark green leaves with white undersides.
Bears heads of bright yellow
flowers in mid-summer.

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Crindelia chiloensis

Mainly evergreen, bushy shrub with
sticky stems. Sticky, lance-shaped,
serrated leaves are up to 5in (12cm)
long. Has large, daisylike, yellow
flower heads in summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Zll HI 1-9

Brachyglottis Dunedin Group

Evergreen, bushy shrub that forms a
mound of silvery-gray, young leaves,
later turning dark green. Bears bright
yellow flower heads on felted shoots
from early to mid-summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z9-io mo-9

Hypericum kouytchense

Deciduous or semievergreen, arching
shrub. Golden-yellow flowers with
conspicuous stamens are borne among
foliage from mid-summer to early
fall and followed by decorative,

J Cf* 1 c,

bronze-red fruit capsules.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Coriaria terminal is var. xanthocarpa

Deciduous, arching subshrub.

Leaves have oval leaflets and turn
red in fall. Greenish flowers in late
spring are followed by decorative,
succulent, yellow fruits in late
summer and fall.

0 6 ® Z9-11 HI 1-1 ,.5m

5ft 1.5m

Hypericum calycinum (Aaron's beard)

Evergreen or semievergreen dwarf
shrub that makes good groundcover.

Has large, bright yellow flowers from
mid-summer to mid-fall and dark
green leaves.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z5-9 H9-4

Halimium lasianthum
subsp. formosum

Evergreen, spreading, bushy shrub.
Has gray-green foliage and golden-
yellow flowers, with central, deep
red blotches, borne in late spring
and early summer.

0 6 Z9—11 HI 1-9

5ft £

1.5m * * 0

161

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

SUMMER

FALL

ORANGE

Cytisus scoparius f. andreanus

(Scotch broom)

Deciduous, arching shrub with narrow,
dark green leaves that are divided into
3 leaflets. Bears a profusion of bright
yellow-and-red flowers along
elegant, green branchlets in
late spring and early summer.

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6 ,.5*•- o

Potentilla fruticosa 'Daydawn'

Deciduous, bushy, rather arching shrub.
Creamy-yellow flowers, flushed with
orange-pink, appear among divided,
mid-green leaves from early summer
to mid-fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Potentilla fruticosa 'Sunset'

Deciduous shrub, bushy at first, later
arching. Deep orange flowers, fading
in hot sun, appear from early summer
to mid-fall. Mid-green leaves are divided
into narrowly oval leaflets.

5ft 1.5m

& Z3-7 H7-i

162

Abutilon 'Kentish Belle'

Semievergreen, arching shrub
with purple shoots and deeply lobed,
purple-veined, dark green leaves.
Bears large, pendent, bell-shaped,
orange-yellow and red flowers
in summer-fall.

0 6 Zll Hll-9

I

f mr*

t

Cuphea cyanea

Evergreen, rounded subshrub with
narrowly oval, sticky-haired leaves.
Tubular flowers, orange-red, yellow
and violet-blue, are carried in summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 HU-10

Mimulus aurantiacus

Evergreen, domed to rounded shrub
with sticky, lance-shaped, glossy, rich
green leaves. Has tubular, orange,
yellow or red-purple flowers from
late spring to fall.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

Myrica gale (Bog myrtle)

Deciduous, suckering shrub of dense
habit. Produces narrowly oblong to
rounded, highly aromatic, dark green
leaves, with crinkled margins. Both
male and female flowers, borne
in mid- and late spring, are
erect, golden brown catkins

0 4 Zl-6 H6-1

5ft 1.5m

RED

I

Berberis Rubrostilla'

Deciduous, arching shrub. Globose
to cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
appearing in early summer, are followed
by a profusion of large, coral-red fruits.
Gray-green leaves turn brilliant
red in late fall.

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

5ft

1.5m

Viburnum opulus 'Compactum'

Deciduous, dense shrub. Has deep

green leaves, red in fall, and profuse
white flowers in spring and early
summer, followed by bunches
of bright red berries.

5ft 1.5m

6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WINTER/ALL YEAR

WHITE

Vaccinium angustifolium

var. laevifolium (Lowbush blueberry)

Deciduous, bushy shrub with bright
green leaves that redden in fall. Edible,
blue fruits follow white, sometimes
pinkish, spring flowers. ^ ^

0 A SiJ Z2-8 H8-1

1.5m ' 0

Vaccinium corymbosum 'Pioneer'

Deciduous, upright, slightly arching
shrub. Dark green leaves turn bright red
in fall. Small, white or pinkish flowers in
late spring are followed by sweet, edible,
blue-black berries.

5ft 1.5m

AT

0 A eU Z3-7 H7-1

5f *.-

0

Vaccinium parvifolium

Deciduous, upright shrub. Has small,
dark green leaves that become bright
red in fall. Edible, bright red fruits are
produced after small, pinkish-white
flowers borne in late spring
and early summer.

0 A E5 Z5-8 H8-5 , ,5m

5ft 1.5m

Fothergilla gardenii

Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.
Produces dense clusters of tiny,
fragrant, white flowers from mid-
to late spring, usually before
broadly oval, dark blue-green
leaves emerge. Leaves turn
brilliant red in fall.

0 A E5 Z4-8 H9-1 , ,5m -

Skimmia japonica 'Fructo Albo'

Evergreen, bushy, dense, dwarf shrub.
Has aromatic, dark green leaves and
dense clusters of small, white flowers
from mid- to late spring, succeeded
by white berries.

■0 A ® Z7-9 H9-7

Caultheria mucronata 'Wintertime'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
prickly, glossy, dark green leaves
and white flowers in late spring and
early summer, followed by large,
long-lasting, white berries.

5ft 1.5m

Lonicera x purpusii

Semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub
with oval, dark green leaves. Small
clusters of fragrant, short-tubed, white
flowers, with spreading petal lobes and
yellow anthers, appear in winter

... 5ft 1.5

and early spring.

0 A S5 ® Z8-9 H9-8 ,.5m

0 6 © Z7-9 H9-7 , ,5m

163

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

SHRUBS

SMALL

WINTER/ALL YEAR

164

WHITE

Sarcococca humilis

(Christmas box, sweet box)

Evergreen, low, clump-forming shrub.
Tiny, fragrant, white flowers with
pink anthers appear amid glossy,
dark green foliage in late winter
and are followed by spherical, t

black fruits.

h Z6-9 H9-6

5ft J

1.5m 0

Sarcococca hookeriana var. digyna

Evergreen, clump-forming, suckering,
dense shrub with narrow, bright green
leaves. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers,
with pink anthers, open in winter
and are followed by spherical,
black fruits. 5ft j' 5 '

4 Z6-9 H9-6

Vinca major 'Variegata'

(Greater periwinkle)

Evergreen, prostrate, arching,
spreading subshrub. Has bright
green leaves broadly edged with
creamy-white and large, bright
blue flowers borne from late
spring to early fall.

A ® Z7-9 H9-7 ..sm <—

Daphne odora 'Aureomarginata'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with glossy,
dark green leaves narrowly edged
with yellow. Clusters of very fragrant,
deep purplish-pink and white
flowers appear from mid¬
winter to early spring.

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Caultheria mucronata
'Mulberry Wine'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
large, globose, magenta berries that
mature to deep purple. These follow
white flowers borne in spring-
summer. Leaves are glossy,
dark green.

-#•- 4 ES © Z8-9 H9-8

RED

Skimmia japonica 'Rubella'

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with
aromatic, red-rimmed, bright green
foliage. Deep red flower buds in fall
and winter open to dense clusters of
small, white flowers in spring.

5ft 1.5m

ml

A © Z7-9 H9-7

5ft W

1.5m 0

Correa pulchella

Evergreen, fairly bushy, slender¬
stemmed shrub with oval leaves.
Small, pendent, tubular, rose-red
flowers appear from summer to
winter, and sometimes in
other seasons.

& 6 ZU Hll-10 , 5m - - o

Skimmia japonica subsp. reevesiana
'Robert Fortune'

Evergreen, bushy, rather weak-growing
shrub with aromatic leaves. Small,
white flowers in spring are followed
by crimson berries.

5ft 1.5m

A © Z7-9 H9-7

Skimmia japonica

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
aromatic, mid- to dark green leaves
and dense clusters of small, white
flowers from mid- to late spring,
followed on female plants by
bright red fruits if plants of
both sexes are grown.

#fc- A © Z7-9 H9-7 i.5m

5ft 1.5m

Pittosporum tenuifolium
'Tom Thumb'

Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub with
pale green, young leaves that contrast
with deep reddish-brown, older foliage.
Bears cup-shaped, purplish
flowers in summer.

6 Z9-11 Hll-9

5ft 1.5m

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

GRAY

GREEN

Ribes laurifolium

Evergreen, spreading shrub. Has
leathery, deep green leaves and pendent
racemes of greenish-yellow flowers in
late winter and early spring. Produces
edible, black berries on female
plants if plants of both sexes
are grown.

Vinca minor (Lesser periwinkle)

Evergreen, prostrate, spreading
subshrub that forms extensive mats
of small, glossy, dark green leaves.
Bears small, purple, blue or white
flowers, mainly from mid-spring
to early summer.

& 6 Z7-9 H9-7

A ® Z4-9 H9-1 , ,5m

Artemisia abrotanum

(Southernwood, Old man)

Deciduous or semievergreen,
moderately bushy shrub. Aromatic,
gray-green leaves have many very
slender lobes. Has clusters of
small, yellowish flower heads
in late summer.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5 , ,5m •—

Helichrysum petiolare 'Variegatum'

Evergreen shrub forming mounds of
silver-green shoots and gray-felted
leaves, variegated cream. Has creamy-
yellow flower heads in summer.

Often grown as an annual for
groundcover and edging.

0 A Z10-U HU-1 ,.5m —

Viburnum davidii

Evergreen shrub that forms a dome
of dark green foliage, over which
heads of small, white flowers appear
in late spring. If plants of both sexes
are grown, female plants bear

Chamaerops humilis

(Dwarf fan palm, European fan palm)

Slow-growing, evergreen palm,
suckering with age. Fan-shaped leaves,
2—3ft (60-90cm) across, have green
to gray-green lobes. Has tiny.

Hebe cupressoides

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub with
cypress-like, gray-green foliage. On
mature plants tiny, pale lilac flowers
are borne from early to mid-summer.

T

decorative, metallic-blue fruits.

t' yellow flowers in summer.

0

£>:- A ® Z7-9 H9-3 1 . 5 5 ' t ' —

A Hll-10 , ,5m r

o -:S:-A Z8-9 H9-8

5ft J|
1.5m

C

Artemisia arborescens (Wormwood)

Evergreen, upright shrub, grown for its
finely cut, silvery-white foliage. Heads of
small, bright yellow flowers are borne in
summer and early fall.

0 A Z5-9 H9-5

5ft 1.5m

5ft

1.5m 0

Ballota acetabulosa

Evergreen subshrub that forms a mound
of rounded, gray-green leaves, felted
beneath. Whorls of small, pink flowers
open from mid- to late summer.

5ft 1.5m

-£> ; - A Z8-9 H9-8

5ft I

1.5m 1 0

Vaccinium glaucoalbum

Evergreen shrub with deep green leaves
that, when young, are pale green above,
bluish-white beneath. Pink-tinged, white
flowers in late spring and early summer
are followed by white-bloomed,
blue-black fruits.

4 S5 Z9-11 H12-10 ,.5m

Eurya emarginata

Slow-growing, evergreen, densely
branched, rounded shrub with small,
leathery, deep green leaves. Small,
greenish-white flowers in late spring
or summer are followed by tiny,
purple-black berries.

A Z9— 11 HI 1-10 , ,5m-

165

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

HEATHERS

As a group, heathers (or heaths) are remarkable in that
species and cultivars are available to provide interest at
all times of the year. Several are grown for their golden
foliage, which often turns a deep burnt orange in winter,
while others flower for a long period during summer,
fall, or winter. Flowers come in a variety of hues, and
are occasionally bicolored. In habit, heathers vary from
tree-heaths of up to 20ft (6m) to dwarf, prostrate forms,
many of which are excellent as groundcover. There are
three genera: Calluna, Daboecia, and Erica. All Calluna and
Daboecia cultivars and most Erica species must be grown
in acidic soil, but otherwise heathers require little attention.
Main seasons of interest are given for each plant.

£ arborea var. alpina

[win-spr]

E. x darleyensis 'White
Perfection' [win-spr]

E. ciliaris 'David McClintock' E. carnea 'Springwood White'

E. erigena f. alba 'Brian
Proudley' [win-spr]

£ vagans 'Birch Glow' [sum] E. cinerea 'C.D. Eason' [sum]

£ x darleyensis 'Arthur
Johnson' [win-spr]

£ vagans 'Mrs. D.F. Maxwell'

[sum]

C. vulgaris 'Wickwar Flame' £ vagans 'St. Keverne' [sum]
[all year]

£ carnea 'Ann Sparkes'

■ Wm-.m ■ ■/'rjC-' '

§§f§

i £ erigena 'Irish Dusk'

i [win-spr]

C. vulgaris 'Dark Star'

[sum-fall]

£ carnea 'Challenger'

£ x darleyensis 'Furzey'

D. cantabrica 'Bicolor' [spr—fall]

[win-spr]

[win-spr]

£ ciliaris 'Corfe Castle' [sum] C. vulgaris 'Annemarie' [sum-fall]

C. vulgaris 'Peter Sparkes' [sum-fall]

C vulgaris 'Tib' [sum]

SMALL

WINTER/ALL YEAR

Buxus microphylla 'Green Pillow'

Evergreen, compact, dwarf shrub,
forming a dense, rounded mass of
small, oval, dark green leaves. Bears
insignificant flowers in late spring
or early summer.

5ft 1.5m

0 6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa'

Evergreen, dwarf shrub that forms
a tight, dense mass of oval, bright
green leaves. Bears insignificant
flowers in late spring or early
summer. Trimmed to about
6in (15cm) is used for edging.

& 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6 , ,5m *

YELLOW

Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Rainbow'

Evergreen, arching shrub with sharply
toothed, leathery, dark green leaves
that age from pink- to cream-variegated.
Racemes of white flowers open below
shoots in spring.

5ft 1.5m

A S5 ® Z5-8 H8-3 ,.5m

Lonicera nitida 'Baggesen's Gold'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with long,
arching shoots covered with tiny,
bright yellow leaves. Insignificant,
yellowish-green flowers in
mid-spring are occasionally
followed by mauve fruits.

6 ® Z6-9 H9-5 ,.5m-— o

Ruscus hypoglossum

Evergreen, clump-forming shrub with
arching shoots. Pointed, glossy, bright
green "leaves" are actually flattened
shoots that bear tiny, yellow flowers
in spring, followed by large,
bright red berries.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7 J*- -

Lonicera pileata

Evergreen, low, spreading, dense
shrub with narrow, dark green leaves
and tiny, short-tubed, creamy-white
flowers in late spring, followed by
violet-purple berries. Makes
good groundcover.

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher's broom)

Evergreen, erect, thicket-forming
shrub with spine-tipped, glossy, dark
green "leaves." Tiny, star-shaped, green
flowers in spring are followed by large,
spherical, bright red fruits.

5ft 1.5m

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Euonymus fortunei 'Emerald 'n' Gold*

Evergreen, bushy shrub with bright
green leaves, margined with bright
yellow and tinged with pink in winter.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-2

5ft 1.5m

5ft 1

1.5m 0

167

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SHRUBS

(c) 2012 DorlingKindersli

All Rights Reserved,

ROSES

These most romantic of flowers are unsurpassed in beauty and
fragrance, and many people consider them indispensable
features of the garden. With some 150 species and thousands
of cultivars, both ancient and modern, there is a rose to suit
almost any situation. They come from a wide range of habitats
throughout the Northern Hemisphere and, with a few exceptions,
most roses in cultivation are very hardy. They are also extremely
versatile, and can be grown among bulbs, perennials, and other
shrubs in a mixed border or in a more traditional formal rose
garden. Climbing and rambling roses can be trained over
arches, arbors, and pergolas, creating a blanket of scented
blooms and beautiful foliage; or, if you have a small garden,
you can plant a patio rose or two in a container.

ROSES

ROSES

Prized for their beauty and fragrance, roses are considered the most
romantic of flowers. They are indispensable in informal mixed planting
schemes, and add an elegant note to formal parterres. With thousands
of colors and forms to choose from, there is a rose for every garden.

170

Growing roses

With some 150 species and thousands of
cultivars, both ancient and modern, there
are members of the genus Rosa to suit an
enormous number of garden situations.
They come from a wide range of habitats
throughout the Northern Hemisphere and,
with few exceptions, most roses are very
hardy. Many modern roses combine the
best qualities of old roses, such as flower
shape and scent, with disease resistance
and extended flowering seasons.

When grown in a suitable site and soil,
they will repay you with a profusion of
blooms. All roses prefer an open, sunny
site in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-
drained soil. However, avoid planting them
in an area where roses have been grown
before because the soil may be affected
by "rose sickness," caused by a buildup of
harmful soil organisms, and plants may fail
to thrive. Roses also require a good supply

of nutrients to perform well, and benefit
from an annual application of all-purpose
granular fertilizer in the spring.

Year-round interest

Although some roses, notably the climbers
and species, bloom for a relatively short
period, many hybrids are repeat-flowering,
providing a colorful display throughout
the summer. 'Fruhlingsmorgen' offers
the first flush of flowers in early summer,
followed by the main flourish from mid¬
summer to the first frost. To help maintain
this display, deadhead your roses regularly,
as this redirects the plant's energy from
seed formation to flower production.
However, if you want attractive fruits (hips)
in the fall, leave the blooms to fade. The best
roses for hips include the Rugosa's tomato¬
like fruit, the flask-shaped, vibrant scarlet
fruits of R. moyesii, and the rounded, black
hips of R. pimpinellifolia.

Ornamental features

Roses embrace almost every color of the
spectrum, apart from true blue, and some
have a strong fragrance, such as the heady,
sweet scent of the Damasks or musk and
spicy fragrances of many modern roses.

A few also have ornamental thorns, notably
R. sericea subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha,
with large, triangular thorns that glow
blood red when they are backlit.

Foliage can also provide interest. The
soft gray-purple leaves of R. glauca and
blue-green of the Alba roses provide
attractive foils for crimson and purple
flowers, while foliage textures, ranging
from glossy to matt, and delicate fernlike
to robustly wrinkled, as in R. rugosa,
create beautiful contrasts.

Designing with roses

Roses have a diversity of habits, each
of which can be used to create exciting
designs. These include mound-forming
groundcover roses, densely thorny
Gallicas, and the arching Chinas and
Damasks. A traditional rose garden laid
out in a formal style with geometrically
ordered beds is particularly suited to
the upright growth of many bush roses.

ABOVE Container roses

Some roses have been bred specifically for containers,
such as the patio rose Regensburg. Partner them with
trailing annuals, such as Sutera cordata (syn. Bacopa).

LEFT Formal dressing

Here, a sturdy arch clothed with clematis and a
vigorous, free-flowering rambler lends height to
the scheme and forms a perfect frame to draw the
eye to the sculpture used as a focal point.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

RIGHT Summer bedfellows

Alliums, bearded irises, campanulas, and verbascums
provide perfect companions to a profusion of scented
roses in a pink-and-blue-themed summer border.
Regular deadheading will prolong the show.

In contemporary schemes, shrub roses
are often grown among bulbs, perennials,
and other shrubs in a mixed border, but
when designing these displays, make sure
that neighboring plants do not compete
directly for moisture and nutrients. Choose
companions that are shallow-rooted, such as
the many herbaceous geraniums and pinks
(Dianthus cultivars), or space plants at a
sufficient distance to allow for mulching
and fertilizing around the rose's root zone.

Climbing and rambling roses can be
trained on a wall as a colorful backdrop,
or on a trellis to form a screen. In addition,
they provide a cloak of flowers and foliage
when grown on arches and over arbors,
and make focal points on freestanding
features like tripods and pyramids. Large
rampant ramblers, such as R. 'Bobbie
James' and R. 'Seagull', which both can
achieve 30ft (10m) or more, will quickly
scramble through a tree, offering a
profusion of blooms just after most tree
blossoms have faded.

Many climbing roses are available as
weeping standards too. Tall cultivars of

dense, thorny shrub roses, such as the
Rugosa roses, also make decorative
structural features. Use them to create
large impenetrable boundary hedges that
give privacy and security, or to divide up
a garden into compartments. Vigorous
groundcover roses are ideal for clothing

sunny and inaccessible banks, since most
require little regular pruning.

Not all roses will thrive in containers,
but smaller patio roses such as R. anna
ford and R. regensberg are a good choice,
while dwarf trailing or spreading cultivars
are suitable for hanging baskets.

PRUNING BUSH AND SHRUB ROSES

Modern hybrid tea and floribunda roses, which are commonly grown
in gardens, need hard pruning in late winter or early spring to
encourage the production of new flowering shoots. Shrub roses
require a more gentle pruning regimen. Roses also benefit from a
light pruning in fall to prevent stems from blowing in the wind and
rocking the plant, which may result in root damage. Pruning in a

methodical way has other horticultural advantages, helping to control
attacks from fungal diseases such as black spot, to which roses are
particularly susceptible, by removing infected wood. Before pruning,
use a household disinfectant to clean your pruners, and apply it again
before tackling each new plant to prevent the spread of disease. Also
make sure your pruners are sharp, as clean cuts heal more quickly.

Pruning floribunda roses

Also known as cluster-flowered roses, floribundas
produce flushes of blooms through summer and
early fall. In early spring, remove dead, diseased,
and crossing stems. Prune the other stems to
outward-facing buds 8-12in (20-30cm) from
the ground using sloping cuts. Aim to leave a
framework of 8 to 10 strong, healthy stems.

Pruning hybrid tea roses

These are large-flowered roses, and include some
varieties that repeat bloom, although they produce
just one flower per stem. In late winter or early spring,
cut the oldest stems to the ground, and shorten
the remainder to 6in (15cm) from the base. Leave
three to five strong young stems after pruning, and
angle cuts to allow water to drain off the buds.

Pruning shrub and species roses

These usually flower once on wood made in
previous years, so prune lightly in early spring.
Remove dead, damaged, or diseased wood, and
thin out congested growth to improve air flow.
Also cut some of the oldest stems to the ground.
Cut main stems back by a quarter and slightly
reduce side shoots by an inch or two.

171

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

SHRUB AND OLD GARDEN ROSES

172

ROSE CATEGORIES

Grown for the extraordinary beauty of their flowers,
roses have been in cultivation for hundreds of years.
They have been widely hybridized, producing a vast
number of shrubs suitable for growing as specimen
plants, in the border, as hedges, and as climbers
for training on walls, arbors, and pillars. Roses are
classified into three main groups:

SPECIES

Species, or wild, roses and species hybrids, which
share most of the characteristics of the parent species,
bear flowers generally in one flush in summer and
hips in fall.

Old Carden roses

Alba —large, freely branching roses with clusters
of flowers in mid-summer and abundant, grayish-
green foliage.

Bourbon —open, remontant shrub roses that may be
trained to climb. Flowers are borne, often 3 to a cluster,
in summer-fall.

China —remontant shrubs with flowers borne singly
or in clusters in summer-fall.

Damask —open shrubs bearing loose clusters of usually
very fragrant flowers, mainly in summer.

Gallica —fairly dense shrubs producing richly colored
flowers, often 3 to a cluster, in the summer months.
Hybrid Perpetual —vigorous, remontant shrubs with
flowers borne singly or in 3s in summer-fall.

Moss —often lax shrubs with a furry, mosslike growth
on stems and calyx, and flowers in summer.

Noisette —remontant climbing roses that bear large
clusters of flowers, with a slight spicy fragrance, in
summer-fall.

Portland —upright, rather dense, remontant shrubs
bearing loose clusters of flowers in summer-fall.
Provence (Centifolia)—lax, thorny shrubs bearing
scented flowers in summer.

Sempervirens —semievergreen climbing roses that
bear numerous flowers in late summer.

Tea —remontant shrubs and climbers with elegant,
pointed buds that open to loose flowers with a
spicy fragrance.

Modern Carden roses

Shrub —a diverse group, illustrated here with the Old
Garden roses because of their similar characteristics.
Most are remontant and are larger than bush roses,
with flowers borne singly or in sprays in summer
and/or fall.

Large-flowered bush (Hybrid Tea)—remontant shrubs
with large flowers borne in summer-fall.
Cluster-flowered bush (Floribunda)—remontant
shrubs with usually large sprays of flowers in
summer-fall.

Dwarf clustered-flowered bush (Patio)—neat,
remontant shrubs with sprays of flowers borne
in summer-fall.

Miniature bush —very small, remontant shrubs with
sprays of tiny flowers in summer-fall.

Polyantha —tough, compact, remontant shrubs with
many small flowers in summer-fall.

Groundcover —trailing and spreading roses, some
flowering in summer only, others remontant, flowering
in summer-fall.

Climbing —vigorous climbing roses, diverse in growth
and flower, some flowering in summer only, others
remontant, flowering in summer-fall.

Rambler —vigorous climbing roses with flexible stems
that bear clusters of flowers mostly in summer.

FLOWER SHAPES

With the mass hybridization that has occurred
in recent years, roses have been developed
to produce plants with a wide variety of
characteristics, in particular different forms
of flowers, often with a strong fragrance. These
flower types, illustrated below, give a general
indication of the shape of the flower in its perfect
state (which in some cases may be before it has
opened fully). Growing conditions may affect the
form of the flower. Flowers may be single (4—7
petals), semidouble (8-14 petals), double (15-30
petals), or fully double (over 30 petals).

Flat —open, usually single
or semidouble flowers have
petals that are almost flat.

Cupped —open, single to fully
double flowers have petals
curving outward gently from
the center.

Pointed —elegant, "Hybrid Tea"
shape; semidouble to fully
double flowers have high,
tight centers.

Urn-shaped —classic, curved,
flat-topped, semidouble
to fully double flowers are
of "Hybrid Tea" type.

Rounded —usually double
or fully double flowers have
even-sized, overlapping petals
that form a bowl-shaped or
rounded outline.

Rosette —usually double or
fully double flowers are rather
flat with many confused,
slightly overlapping petals
of uneven size.

Quartered-rosette —rather flat,
usually double or fully double
flowers have confused petals
of uneven size arranged in a
quartered pattern.

Pompon —small, rounded,
double or fully double flowers,
usually borne in clusters, have
masses of small petals.

WHITE

R. 'Penelope'

Dense, bushy shrub rose with good
disease resistance and plentiful, dark
green foliage. Bears clusters of many
scented, cupped, double, pink-cream
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in a single
flush in summer. H and S 3ft (lm),
more if lightly pruned.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

R. 'Madame Hardy'

Vigorous, upright Damask rose with
good disease resistance. Plentiful,
leathery, matt leaves. Richly fragrant,
quartered-rosette, fully double flowers,
4in (10cm) across, white with green eyes,
are borne in a single flush in summer.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

6 Z4—9 H9-1

R. Jacqueline du pre ('Harwanna')

Compact, bushy shrub rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Bears semidouble,
red-stamened, white flowers, 10cm (4in)
across, often with a pink blush and a
strong musk perfume. Has glossy, dark
green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

£>.' Z5—9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

R. 'Dupontii' (Snowbush rose)

Upright, bushy shrub rose with very
good disease resistance and abundant,
grayish foliage. Clusters of fragrant,
flat, single, white flowers, tinged with
blush-pink, 2VAn (6cm) across, are
borne in a single flush in summer.

H and S 7ft (2.2m).

R. 'Fantin-Latour'

Vigorous, shrubby Provence rose with
good disease resistance. Flowers appear
in a single flush in summer and are
fragrant, cupped to flat, fully double,
blush-pink, with neat, green button eyes,
and 4in (10cm) across. Has broad, dark
green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

R. 'Celeste'

Vigorous, spreading, bushy Alba
rose with good disease resistance.
Fragrant, cupped, double, light pink
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, appear in
a single flush in summer. Makes a
good hedge. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

R. 'Great Maiden's Blush'

Vigorous, upright Alba rose with good
disease resistance. Very fragrant, rosette,
fully double, pinkish-white flowers,

3in (8cm) across, appear in a single flush
in summer. H 6ft (2m), S 4V2ft (1.3m).

R. 'Marguerite Hilling'

Dense, arching shrub rose with good
disease resistance. Many scented, flat,
semidouble, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, are borne in a single flush
in summer. Has light green foliage.

H and S 7ft (2.2m).

0 &Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

R. 'Nevada'

Dense, arching shrub rose with
very good disease resistance and
abundant, light green leaves. Scented,
flat, semidouble, creamy-white flowers,
4in (10cm) across, are borne in a single
flush in summer. H and S 7ft (2.2m).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

R. 'Sally Holmes'

Bushy shrub rose with good disease
resistance and prolific, glossy, deep
green leaves. Substantial clusters of
slightly scented, single, white flowers,
6in (15cm) across, with pink-peach buds,
are borne in summer and again in fall.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-3

R. 'Felicia'

Vigorous shrub rose with good disease
resistance and abundant, healthy,
grayish-green foliage. Scented, cupped,
double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are
light pink, tinged with apricot, and
are borne in a single flush in summer.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 7ft (2.2m).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

R. 'Reine Victoria'

Lax Bourbon rose with good disease
resistance, slender stems and light
green leaves. Sweetly scented, rosette,
double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
shades of pink, are borne in a single
flush in summer. Grows well on a pillar.
H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

173

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

SHRUB AND OLD GARDEN ROSES

PINK

R. ALISSAR PRINCESS OF PHOENICIA
('Harsidon')

Compact upright, sturdy shrub rose
with good disease resistance. Red
leaves mature green. Slightly scented,
flat, semidouble, dark-eyed, pink flowers,
4in (10cm) across, open summer and fall.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).

R. x odorata 'Mutabilis'

Open species rose with coppery young
foliage and good disease resistance.
Bears shallowly cup-shaped, single,
buff-yellow flowers, 2V£in (6cm) across,
in a single flush in summer, that age to
coppery-pink or -crimson. H and S 3ft
(lm), to 6ft (2m) against a wall.

R. 'Mrs. John Laing'

Bushy Hybrid Perpetual rose with
good disease resistance and plentiful,
light green foliage. Produces many
richly fragrant, rounded, fully double,
pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in a
single flush in summer. H 3ft (lm),

S 2 m (80cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

174

R. 'Complicata'

Very vigorous Gallica rose with good
disease resistance and thorny, arching
growth. Useful as a large hedge. Slightly
fragrant, cupped, single flowers, 4Wn
(11cm) across, are pink with pale centers
and appear in a single flush in summer.

H 7ft (2.2m), S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

R. Constance spry ('Austance')

Shrub rose of arching habit and good
disease resistance that will climb if
supported. Cupped, fully double, pink
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with a spicy
scent, are borne in a single flush in
summer. Leaves are large and plentiful.
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

R. strawberry hill ('Ausrimini')

Bushy shrub rose with very good

disease resistance. Has plentiful, glossy,
mid-green leaves. Rosette, fully double,
rich-pink flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with
a strong myrrh scent, summer and fall.
The flowers fade with age. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. x odorata 'Pallida'

(Old blush china, Parson's pink china)

Bushy China rose with good disease
resistance that may be trained as a
climber on a sheltered wall. Cupped,
double, pink flowers, 2 1 /6in (6cm) across,
open in a single flush in summer.

H 3ft (lm), S 216ft (80cm) or more.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

R. gallica var. officinalis 'Versicolor'

(Rosa mundi)

Neat, bushy Gallica rose with good
disease resistance. In a single flush in
summer produces striking, slightly
scented, flat, semidouble flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, very pale blush-pink with
crimson stripes. H 216ft (75cm), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

R. 'Madame Isaac Pereire'

Vigorous, arching Bourbon rose
with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
cupped to quartered-rosette, fully
double flowers, 6in (15cm) across, are
deep purplish-pink and are produced
in a single flush in summer. H 7ft (2.2m),
S 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

R. GERTRUDE JEKYLL ('Alisbord')

Upright shrub rose with good disease
resistance and broad, matt, mid-green,
well-spaced leaves. Plump, rounded
buds open into rosette, fully double,
deep pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
with a rich sweet-myrrh scent, summer
and fall. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 £> Z5—9 H9-1

R. 'Roseraie de I'Hay'

Vigorous, dense shrub rose with very
good disease resistance. Bears many
strongly scented, cupped to flat, double,
reddish-purple flowers, 4V£in (11cm)
across, in summer and again in fall.
Light green leaves are abundant.

H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

RED

I

R. benjamin britten ('Ausencart')

Willowy shrub rose with very good

disease resistance, an open habit and
large, matt-green leaves. Fully double,
cupped, red flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
with hints of scarlet and a strong fruity
scent, open summer and fall. H 6ft (2m),
S 5ft (1.5m).

R. cardinal hume ('Harregale')

Bushy, spreading shrub rose with good
disease resistance. Cupped, fully double,
reddish-purple flowers, 3in (7.5cm)
across, are borne in dense clusters in
summer and again in fall, and have a
musky scent. H and S 3ft (lm).

R. 'Cardinal de Richelieu'

Vigorous, compact Gallica rose with
good disease resistance and plentiful,
dark green foliage. Bears fragrant,
rounded, fully double, deep burgundy-
purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
a single flush in summer. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

6 Z5-9 H9-5

6 Z3-9 H9-1

R. 'Henri Martin'

Vigorous, upright Moss rose with good
disease resistance. Rosette, double,
purplish-crimson flowers, 2>Vzm (9cm)
across, appear in a single flush in
summer and have a light scent and some
furry, green "mossing" of the calyces
underneath. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

-£> ; - 6 Z4-9 H9-1

R. rhapsody in blue ('Frantasia')

Upright shrub rose with good disease
resistance and large, light green leaves.
Cupped, semidouble, purple flowers,
5in (12cm) across, with white eyes,
yellow stamens and a pungent, spicy
perfume, summer and fall. H 6ft (1.8m),
S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'William Lobb'

Moss rose with good disease resistance
and strong, arching, prickly stems. Will
climb if supported. In a single flush in
summer bears rosette, double, deep
purplish-crimson flowers, 314in (9cm)
across, that fade to lilac-gray.

H and S 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

175

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

SHRUB AND OLD GARDEN ROSES

HIPS AND THORNS

Roses have beautiful features that create interest for many
months of the year. Although most are grown for their
spectacular flowers, many also produce decorative hips
that provide glowing fall and winter color, offer birds
a valuable source of food, and paint a stunning picture
in frost and snow. Fertilized flowers produce the hips,
so avoid deadheading the blooms, as this will also remove
the fruit. Thorns are another attractive feature on some
species. For example, the winger thorn rose ( R. sericea
subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha ) has translucent thorns,
while the fine prickly thorns of moss roses look furry,
adding to their attraction. Prune these roses hard to
ensure a supply of young, thorny wood.

R. roxburghii

i

v ^

L* ■

■ ^ ■ Tjni

)*

V ’

jk’Vy M

f^Wm i i l t

YELLOW

R. the pilgrim ('Auswalker')

Bushy shrub rose with very good disease
resistance. Produces rosette, fully double,
creamy-white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with rich yellow centers and a strong,
sweet perfume, in summer and again
in fall. Has glossy, dark green leaves.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. teasing Georgia ('Ausbaker')

Upright, lax, shrub rose with good
disease resistance. Produces dark

green leaves with a deep sheen. Slightly
scented, rosette, fully double, pale
yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
deeper centers, open summer and fall.

H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m).

R. GRAHAM THOMAS ('Ausmas')

Vigorous, arching shrub rose with
good disease resistance. Lax in habit,
with glossy, bright green leaves. In
summer, and again in fall, bears cupped,
fully double, yellow flowers, 4!4in (11cm)
across, with some scent. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 5ft (1.5m).

-0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

6 Z5-9 H9-1

iley. All Rights Reserved.

MODERN ROSES

R. iceberg ('Korbin')

Floribunda bush rose with moderate
disease resistance, repeat-flowering
summer-fall. Produces many sprays
of cupped, fully double, white flowers,
3in (7cm) across. Has abundant, glossy
leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 26in (65cm)
or more.

ORANGE

WHITE

it

R. MARGARET MERRIL ('Harkllly')

Upright, Floribunda bush rose with
moderate disease resistance. Very
fragrant, double, blush-white or white
flowers, are well-formed, urn-shaped,
4in (10cm) across, and are borne singly
or in clusters in summer and again
in fall. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. SILVER ANNIVERSARY ('Poulari')

Vigorous Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and slightly scented,
pointed, double, almost pure white
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, produced
in summer and again in fall. Leaves
are mid-green and semi-glossy.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).

0 6Z5-9 H9-5

177

R. evelyn ('Aussaucer')

Slightly lax, arching shrub rose with
good disease resistance and large,
mid-green leaves. Bears strongly
scented, rosette, fully double flowers,
5in (12cm) across, peach with hints of
pastel pink and lemon, in summer and
fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 £>Z5-9 H9-5

R. KENT ('Poukov')

Dense groundcover rose with very
good disease resistance and glossy,
mid-green leaves. Produces large
clusters of flat, semidouble, pure
white flowers, 2in (5cm) across.
Repeat-flowering, summer-fall.

H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. summer song ('Austango')

Upright shrub rose with very good
disease resistance and large, matt,
mid-green leaves. Produces quartered-
rosette, fully double, burnt-orange
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, scented
with traces of banana, summer and
fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. ISN'T SHE LOVELY ('Didluvit')

Upright Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and semi-glossy,
green leaves. Pointed, fully double, pale
white-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with creamy-peach centers and a fruity
scent, are borne in summer and fall.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6Z5-9 H9-5

R. champagne moments ('Korvanaber')

Vigorous Floribunda rose with very
good disease resistance, repeat¬
flowering summer-fall. Produces
clustered slightly scented, double
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, cream to
golden-amber. H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

0 0Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Buff Beauty 7

Dense, rounded Hybrid musk rose
with good disease resistance. Masses
of cupped, double, apricot-yellow to
buff-yellow flowers, 3in (7cm) across,
with a light musk scent, open in a single
summer flush. Has glossy, mid-green
leaves. H and S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H10-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

MODERN ROSES

PINK

R. maid of honour ('Jacwhink')

Bushy patio rose with very good
disease resistance. Produces dense,
small, glossy, leaves and abundant,
flat, single flowers, VAm (3cm) across,
with pink and white petals, and bright
yellow stamens. Repeat-flowering,
summer-fall. H and S 32in (80cm).

R. 'The Fairy 7

Dense, cushion-forming, dwarf
cluster-flowered bush rose with good
disease resistance and abundant, small,
glossy leaves. Rosette, double, pink
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, are borne
freely in a single flush in summer.

H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. many happy returns ('Harwanted 7 )

Spreading Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and semi-glossy.

light green leaves. In summer and fall
it bears big clusters of slightly fragrant,
cupped, semidouble, light pink flowers,
3in (7cm) across. H and S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-5

R. aphrodite ('Tanetidor 7 )

Sturdy Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and large, glossy,
dark green leaves. Slightly scented,
rounded, fully double, pale pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with dense,
darker centers, open summer and fall.
H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

178

R. chandos beauty ('Harmisty 7 )

Extremely vigorous Hybrid Tea rose
with good disease resistance. Produces
a strong, classic Tea-rose scent, from
pointed, fully double, light pink flowers,
5in (12cm) across. Has tough, glossy,
green leaves. Repeats summer-fall.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

R. susan daniel ('Harlibra 7 )

Vigorous Floribunda rose with very
good disease resistance and repeat¬
flowering in summer-fall. Has glossy,
dark green leaves. Bears cupped, double,
apricot flowers, to 10cm (4in) across,
with creamy-white flashes. Scent is spicy
but mild. H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

6 zs-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. Paul shirville ('Harqueterwife')

Spreading, Hybrid Tea bush rose with

moderate disease resistance. Bears
fragrant, pointed, fully double, rosy
salmon-pink flowers, 3V2in (9cm) across,
in summer and again in fall. Leaves
are glossy, reddish and abundant.

H and S 30in (75cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Queen Elizabeth 7

Upright, Floribunda bush rose with
moderate disease resistance. Bears
long-stemmed, fully double, pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or
in clusters, summer and fall. Leaves
are large and leathery. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 2 1 /4ft (75cm) or more if not pruned hard.

£>:- 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. savoy hotel ('Harvintage 7 )

Spreading Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and matt, mid-green
leaves. Long-lasting, pointed, fully
double, pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
often with green on the outer petals,
open summer and fall. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm).

6 Z5-9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

R. Meredith ('Wekmeredoc')

Sturdy Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance. Pointed, double,
pale pink flowers, to 5in (12cm)
across, with a strong, sweet scent,
are produced summer and fall.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).

R. Gordon's college ('Cocjabby')

Vigorous Floribunda rose with
good disease resistance and matt,
dark green leaves. Strongly scented,
urn-shaped, deep salmon-pink flowers,
4in (10cm) across, are borne in small
clusters in summer and again in fall.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. belmonte ('HarpeaiT)

Vigorous Floribunda rose with very
good resistance and large, semi-glossy,
mid-green leaves. Pointed, double,
pearl-pink flowers, darker in the center,
4in (10cm) across, with a strong, fruity
perfume, open summer and fall.

H 3m (1.1m), S 32in (80cm).

R. warm wishes ('Fryxotic')

Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with very good
disease resistance and matt, mid-green
leaves. Pointed, fully double, coral-pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer
and again in fall, mature to rose-pink.
Floral scent is slight spice and myrrh.

H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

R. flower carpet ('Noatraum')

Spreading groundcover rose with
good disease resistance. Forms a dense,
prostrate mound of small, glossy, green
leaves. Cupped, semidouble, fuchsia-pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne in
summer and again in fall. H 18in (45cm),

S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. JOIE DE VIVRE ('Korfloci 01')

Compact, well-branched, bushy

Floribunda rose with very good disease
resistance and dense, mid-green leaves.
Scented, quartered-rosette, double, pink
to light apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
open summer and fall. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. sweet dream ('Fryminicot')

Bushy Patio rose with good disease
resistance. Produces slightly scented,
rounded, double flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, apricot-peach, summer and
fall. Has small, mid-green leaves.

Ideal in a pot or planter. H 18in (45cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

R. nostalgia ('Taneiglat')

Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and large, dark
green leaves. Pointed, fully double,
creamy-white flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, with pink-edged outer petals,
open summer and fall. The flowers
age to red. H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. crazy for you ('Wekroalt')

Sturdy, branching Floribunda rose with
good disease resistance and emerald
leaves. Summer and fall, produces
cupped, semidouble, cream flowers,

4in (10cm) across, splashed with cherry
flecks, and with a light, fruity perfume.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 3y 2 ft (1.1m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

179

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

MODERN ROSES

PINK

R. simply sally ('Harpaint')

Rounded patio rose with very good
disease resistance. Has numerous, small,
matt, mid-green leaves. Slightly scented,
flat, single flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
open to pink with yellow centers.
Repeat-flowering summer-fall.

H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. pink perfection ('Korpauvio')

Vigorous, bushy Hybrid Tea rose with
very good disease resistance and glossy,
mid-green leaves. Bears slightly scented,
rounded, double, sugar-pink flowers, to
3in (7cm) across, with white veining and
lighter reverses, in summer and again in
fall. H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

180 ...

I --Q:- (J Z5-9 H9-5

RED

R. double delight ('Andeli')

Hybrid Tea bush rose of upright,
uneven growth with good disease
resistance. Fragrant, rounded, fully
double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are
creamy-white, edged with red, and
are borne in summer and again in fall.
H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

R. anna ford ('Harpiccolo')

Dwarf cluster-flowered bush rose
with good disease resistance. Has
urn-shaped (opening flat), double,
orange-red flowers, Wzm (4cm) across,
borne in summer and again in fall,
and many small, dark green leaves.

H 18in (45cm), S 15in (38cm).

R. royal william ('Korzaun')

Vigorous, Hybrid Tea bush rose with
good disease resistance and large, dark
green leaves. Slightly scented, pointed,
fully double, deep crimson flowers,

5in (12cm) across, are carried on long
stems in summer and again in fall.

H 3ft (lm), S 2V 2 ft (75cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

0 - 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. Alexander ('Harlex')

Vigorous, upright. Hybrid Tea bush
rose with good disease resistance and
abundant, dark green foliage. Slightly
scented, pointed, double, bright red
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, are borne
on long stems in summer and again
in fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2V 2 ft (75cm).

R. the times rose ('Korpeahn')

Spreading, Floribunda bush rose
with good disease resistance. Slightly
scented, cupped, double, deep crimson
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
in wide clusters in summer and again in
fall. Foliage is dark green and plentiful.
H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. carris ('Harmanna')

Compact Hybrid Tea rose with very
good disease resistance. Has a mass
of glossy, mid-green leaves. Produces
urn-shaped, bright scarlet flowers, to
5in (12cm) across, with a spicy myrrh
scent. Repeat-flowering summer-fall.
H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

R. george best ('Dichimanher')

Bushy patio rose with very good
disease resistance and small, matt,
mid-green leaves. Slightly scented,
urn-shaped, semidouble, deep red
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
in clusters in summer and fall.

H and S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. red finesse ('Korvillade')

Compact Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Produces abundant,
glossy, dark green leaves and clusters
of up to 15 cupped, double, dark red
flowers, 3in (7cm) across. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. remembrance ('Harxampton')

Well-branched Floribunda rose with
good disease resistance and glossy
leaves. Long-lasting, rounded, double,
scarlet flowers, 3in (7cm) across, have
darker outer petals, fading with age.
Repeat-flowers summer-fall.

H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. LOVING MEMORY ('KorgUtlcT)

Upright Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and leathery, dark
green leaves. Pointed, fully double,
crimson flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
are borne in summer and fall. Perfume
is light but sweet. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 32in (80cm).

R. alec's red ('Cored')

Vigorous, Hybrid Tea bush rose with
moderate disease resistance. Bears
strongly fragrant, deep cherry-red
flowers that are pointed and fully double,
6in (15cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. H 36in (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. Lancashire ('Korstesgli')

Ground-cover rose with good disease
resistance and small, matt, dark green
leaves. Cupped, semidouble, cherry-red
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading to
cerise, are produced in clusters of at
least 7 in summer and again in fall.

H 24in (60cm), S 36in (90cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

PURPLE

R. guy savoy ('Delstrimen')

Upright Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and glossy, dark green
leaves. Produces cupped, semidouble
white-striped, purple flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, in large clusters. Repeat-flowering
summer-fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. BURGUNDY ICE ('Prose')

Open Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Has matt, light green
leaves. Clusters of up to 7 cupped,
double, mauve flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, have pale mauve petal margins.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

181

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

MODERN ROSES

YELLOW

R. 'Arthur Bell'

Upright Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and large, glossy,
mid-green leaves. Strongly scented,
cupped, double, butter-yellow flowers,
3in (7cm) across, fading to creamy-white,
are borne in summer and again in fall.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

R. easy going ('Harglow')

Bushy Floribunda rose with good

disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Has rich glossy, pale
green leaves. Pointed buds open into
cupped, double, deep amber flowers,

4in (10cm) across, with a moderately
fruity scent. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

R. golden memories ('Korholesea')

Bushy Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and glossy, dark

green leaves. In summer and fall, clusters
of urn-shaped, fully double flowers,

3in (7.5cm) across, open wide to show
stamens, deep yellow centers and paler
yellow margins. H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

182

R. golden beauty ('Korberbeni')

Bushy Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and glossy, mid-green
leaves. In summer and in fall produces
clusters of 3-5 slightly scented, rounded,
fully double, golden-yellow flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, deepening to amber-gold
in centers. H 3ft (lm), S 30in (75cm).

R. freedom ('Dicjem')

Neat, large-flowered bush rose with
good disease resistance, many shoots,
and abundant, glossy foliage. Bears
many lightly scented, rounded, double,
bright yellow flowers, 3V£in (9cm)
across, in summer-fall. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm).

R. mountbatten ('Harmantelle')

Shrubby, cluster-flowered bush rose
with good disease resistance. Bears
scented, rounded, fully double, yellow
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or in
clusters, in summer and again in fall.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 30in (75cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. peace ('Madame A. Meilland')

Vigorous, shrubby, large-flowered
bush rose with moderate disease

resistance. Scented, pointed to rounded,
fully double flowers, 6in (15cm) across,
are borne freely in clusters in summer
and again in fall. Has abundant, large,
glossy foliage. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. JULIA child ('Wekvossutono')

Vigorous Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Bears urn-shaped, yellow
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, and glossy,
green leaves. Scent has licorice
overtones. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z5-10 H9-5

R. guy's gold ('Harmatch')

Well-branched, bushy Hybrid Tea rose
with very good disease resistance and
repeat-flowering in summer-fall. Has
glossy, mid-green leaves and masses
of slightly scented, pointed, double,
bright yellow flowers, 5in (12cm) across.
H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6Z5-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

R. rachel ('Tangust')

Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good disease
resistance and large, mid-green leaves.
Sweetly scented, rounded, fully double,
orange-apricot flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, in summer and again in fall,
turn lighter with pink tones as they
age. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

6Z5-9 H9-5

R. easy does it ('Harpagent')

Compact Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Has matt, mid-green
leaves. Produces spicy-scented, cupped,
burnt-tangerine flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, fading to pink. Many petals have
wavy margins. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 &Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Just Joey 7

Branching, open, large-flowered bush
rose with good disease resistance and
repeat-flowering in summer-fall. Bears
rounded, fully double flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, with waved, copper-pink petals
and some scent. Has leathery, dark green
leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

£>:- 6 Z5—7 H7-5

R. 'Southampton'

Upright, cluster-flowered bush rose
with very good disease resistance
and glossy foliage. Bears fragrant,
pointed, double, apricot flowers,

3in (8cm) across, singly or in clusters
in summer and again in fall.

H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 &Z5-9 H9-5

R. sweet magic ('Dicmagic')

Branching, dwarf cluster-flowered
bush rose with good disease resistance
and repeat-flowering in summer-
fall. Bears sprays of lightly fragrant,
urn-shaped, double, pink-flushed,
golden-orange flowers, VMn (4cm)
across. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. remember me ('Cocdestin')

Vigorous, dense, large-flowered
bush rose with good disease resistance.
Pointed, fully double, copper-orange
flowers, 3V2in (9cm) across, are borne
freely in summer and again in fall.
Leaves are abundant and glossy.

H 3ft (lm), S Zm (75cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. simply the best ('Macamster')

Bushy Hybrid Tea rose with good
disease resistance and dark green leaves.
In summer and again in fall produces
abundant, scented, urn-shaped, double,
light orange flowers, 4in (10cm) across.
Coloring lightens as it ages.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 32in (80cm).

-£> ; - 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. fellowship ('Harwelcome')

Bushy Floribunda rose with good

disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. Has large, glossy, green
leaves. Spicy-scented, cupped, double
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, have orange
outer petals, lightening inward to
tangerine. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. super trooper ('Fryleyeca')

Bushy Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance and lush, dark green
leaves. Scented, pointed, double,
bright orange flowers, flashed yellow
beneath, open in small clusters, 4in
(10cm) across, in summer and fall.

H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

183

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

CLIMBING ROSES

WHITE

R. 'Alberic Barbier'

Vigorous, semievergreen rambler
rose with very good disease resistance.
Clusters of slightly fragrant, rosette,
fully double, creamy-white flowers,

3in (8cm) across, appear in a single flush
in summer. Leaves are small and bright
green. H to 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-7

R. 'Paul's Lemon Pillar'

Stiff, upright climbing rose with
good disease resistance and large,
dark green leaves. Scented, pointed
to rounded, fully double, lemon-white
flowers, 6in (15cm) across, appear in a
single flush in summer. Prefers a sunny,
sheltered wall. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).

R. 'Felicite Perpetue'

Sempervirens climbing rose with
long, slender stems. Clusters of rosette,
fully double, blush-pink to white
flowers, lV&in (4cm) across, appear
in mid-summer. Small leaves are
semievergreen. Prune spent wood
only. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

R. filipes 'Kiftsgate'

Rampant climbing rose with very good
disease resistance and abundant, glossy,
light green foliage. Clusters of cupped
to flat, single, creamy-white flowers, lin
! (2.5cm) across, appear in a single flush
j in summer. Use to grow up a tree or in a
wild garden. H and S 30ft (10m) or more.

184 ...

-:0; 6 Z6-9 H9-6

R. 'Madame Alfred Carriere'

Noisette climbing rose with good
disease resistance and slender, smooth
stems. Very fragrant, rounded, double
flowers are creamy-white, tinged pink,
VMn (4cm) across, and are borne in a
single flush in summer. H to 18ft (5.5m),
S 10ft (3m).

0 £> Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Gloire de Dijon'

Stiffly branched Noisette or climbing
Tea rose with good disease resistance.
Fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double,
creamy-buff flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
are borne in a single flush in summer.

H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. white star ('Harquill')

Climber with very good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. Glossy, dark green leaves
are lighter when young. Slightly scented,
flat, semidouble, pure white flowers,

4in (10cm) across, have bright yellow
stamens. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m).

0 0Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Rambling Rector'

Rampant rambler rose with very good
disease resistance. Clusters of scented,
cupped to flat, semidouble, creamy-
white flowers, V/An (4cm) across, with
golden stamens, appear in a single flush
in summer, followed by red hips. Has
grayish-green foliage. H and S 20ft (6m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

R. 'New Dawn'

Vigorous, very hardy climbing rose
with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
cupped, double, pale pearl-pink flowers,
3in (8cm) across, are borne in clusters
in summer and again in fall. Tolerates
a north-facing wall. H and S 15ft (5m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. 'Albertine'

Vigorous rambler rose with good disease
resistance and arching, thorny, reddish
stems. Abundant clusters of scented,
cup-shaped, fully double, salmon-pink
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in a
single flush in summer. Prone to mildew
in a dry site. H to 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).

0 £> Z5—9 H9-5

R. 'Madame Gregoire Staechelin'

Vigorous, arching climbing rose with
good disease resistance. Bears large
clusters of rounded to cupped, fully
double flowers, 5in (13cm) across,
with ruffled, clear pink petals, shaded
carmine, in a single flush in summer.
H to 20ft (6m), S to 12ft (4m).

0 £> Z5-9 H9-5

R. Zephirine Drouhin' (Climbing rose)

Lax, arching Bourbon rose that will
climb if supported. Bears fragrant,
cupped, double, deep pink flowers,

3in (8cm) across, in a single flush in
summer. Is prone to mildew. May
be grown as a hedge. H to 8ft (2.5m),

S to 6ft (2m).

R. high hopes ('Haryup')

Vigorous, upright and arching, long-
stemmed climbing rose with good
disease resistance. Scented, urn-shaped
to rounded, double, light pink flowers,
3in (8cm) across, are freely borne in
summer-fall. Has purplish-green foliage.
H 12ft (4m), S 7ft (2.2m).

R. 'Veilchenblau'

Vigorous rambler rose with good
disease resistance. Rosette, double,
violet flowers, streaked white, lin (2.5cm)
across, have a fruity scent and appear in
clusters in a single flush in summer.

H 12ft (4m), S 7ft (2.2m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Aloha'

Strong-growing, bushy climbing rose
with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
cupped, fully double, rose- and salmon-
pink flowers, 3V2 in (9cm) across, appear
in summer and again in fall. Leaves are
leathery and dark green. May be grown
as a shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Compassion'

Upright, free-branching climbing rose
with good disease resistance. Fragrant,
rounded, double, pink-tinted, salmon-
apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
borne in summer and again in fall. Has
glossy, dark leaves on reddish stems.

H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. 'Chaplin's Pink Companion'

Vigorous climbing rose with very good
disease resistance and glossy, dark
green foliage. Slightly scented, rounded,
double, light pink flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, are borne freely in large clusters
in a single flush during summer.

H and S 10ft (3m).

0 0Z5-9 H9-5

185

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

ROSES

CLIMBING ROSES

PINK

R. 'Cecile Briinner'

Vigorous climber with good disease
resistance and light green leaves.
Masses of sweetly-scented, pointed,
double, blush-pink flowers, lV&in (4cm)
across, fading to pearl, are borne in
a single flush in summer. H 1114ft (3.5m),
S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

R. dancing queen ('Fryfestoon')

Climber with good disease resistance
and large, mid-green leaves. Small
clusters of slightly scented, rounded,
double, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, with a basal white flash on each
outer petal, are produced in summer and
again in fall. H 8ft (2.4m), S 6ft (1.8m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. penny lane ('Hardwell')

Climber with very good disease
resistance and glossy, mid-green leaves.
Wide clusters of quartered-rosette, fully
double flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in
light pink with champagne, scented with
myrrh and musk, are borne in summer
and fall. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m).

186 ...

-:0:- 6Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Sympathie'

Vigorous, free-branching climbing

rose with moderate disease resistance.
Slightly scented, cupped, fully double,
bright red flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
are borne in summer and fall, usually
in clusters. Has plentiful, glossy, dark
green foliage. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m).

R. Dublin bay ('IVIacdub')

Dense, shrubby climbing rose with good
disease resistance that may be pruned
to grow as a shrub. Bears clusters of
cupped, double, bright crimson flowers,
4in (10cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. Foliage is glossy, dark green and
plentiful. H and S 7ft (2.2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. the prince's trust ('Harholding')

Climber with good disease resistance
and glossy, light to mid-green leaves.
Produces dense clusters of slightly
scented, cupped, double, bright red
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer
and again in fall. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m).

R. 'Dortmund'

Upright climbing rose with very good
disease resistance that may be pruned
to make a shrub. Flat, single, red flowers,
4in (10cm) across, with white eyes and a
slight scent, are borne freely in clusters
in summer and fall. Has dark green
foliage. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. 'Guinee'

Vigorous, stiffly branched climbing
rose with moderate disease resistance.
Fragrant, cupped, fully double, blackish-
red to maroon flowers, 414in (11cm)
across, are borne in a single flush in
summer. Leaves are large and leathery.

H 15ft (5m), S 7ft (2.2m).

0 0 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

ORANGE

R. gardeners glory ('Chewability')

Climber with very good disease
resistance and light green leaves.
Clusters of cupped, double, yellow
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading to
light yellow, are borne in summer
and again in fall. H 7ft (2.2m),

S 5ft (1.5m).

0 &Z5-9 H9-5

R. 'Emily Gray'

Semievergreen rambler rose with good
disease resistance. Trusses of slightly
fragrant, cupped, fully double, butter-
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, appear
in a single flush in summer. Has long, lax
stems and lustrous, dark green leaves. Is
prone to mildew. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).

R. 'Mermaid'

Slow-growing climbing rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering

in summer-fall. Produces flat, single,
primrose-yellow flowers, 5in (12cm)
across. Has stiff, reddish stems, large,
hooked thorns and glossy, dark green
leaves. H and S to 20ft (6m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

R. laura ford ('Chewarvel')

Upright, stiffly branching climbing
rose with good disease resistance.
Sprays of scented, urn-shaped to flat,
yellow flowers, l%in (4.5cm) across,
appear in summer and again in fall.
Has small, dark, glossy leaves. Good
for pillars. H 7ft (2.2m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. 'Maigold'

Vigorous climbing rose with very good
disease resistance and prickly, arching
stems. Fragrant, cupped, semidouble,
bronze-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, are borne freely in a single flush
in summer. May be pruned to grow as
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

6 Z5—9 H9-5

R. BRIDGE OF SIGHS ('Harglow')

Climber with good disease resistance
and repeat-flowering in summer-fall.

Has highly glossy, dark green leaves.
Dense clusters of flat, semidouble, deep
golden-amber flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
have yellow stamens and a sweet spicy
perfume. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (1.8m).

0 6Z5-9 H9-5

R. alibaba ('Chewalibaba')

Climber with very good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. Produces mid-green leaves
and sweet-scented, cupped, double
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with ruffled
petal edges, in shades of peach-salmon
and red. H 7ft (2.2m), S 4ft (1.2m).

&: 6Z5-9 H9-5

R. summer wine ('Korizont')

Climber with good disease resistance
and large, dark green leaves. Small
clusters of flat, semidouble, salmon-pink
flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, fading
to pink, are produced in summer and
again in fall. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (1.8m).

& 6 Z5-9 H9-5

187

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROSES

CLIMBERS AND
WALL SHRUBS

Versatile and decorative, climbers offer great scope for
imaginative garden design, their scrambling stems veiling other
plants and structures with flowers and foliage. A few, such as
ivy, will also trail across the ground, helping to suppress weeds.
Climbers are often used as a backdrop to other plantings, or
grown over arbors and gazebos to provide shade. You can also
create focal points by weaving them through trees and pyramids
and up pillars, or train them over a trellis to form boundary
screens or dividers between different areas of the garden.

The rigid stems of wall shrubs add another dimension to
vertical schemes, covering walls and fences with
foliage, blooms, and berries.

CLIMBERS AND
WALL SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL SHRUBS

One of the most versatile of plant groups, climbers bring height to the garden,
adding interest to walls and fences, and clothing structures such as arches and
arbors with flowers and foliage. A number of shrubs can also be trained against
walls and fences to create textures, patterns, and backdrops to beds and borders.

What are climbers
and wall shrubs?

Most climbers are woody, evergreen
or deciduous plants, while a few are
herbaceous perennials, or summer¬
flowering annuals. Climbers can be self-
clinging or twining (with or without
tendrils), or scandent—scrambling species
that do not cling. It is important to identify
the climbing method of your plant, since
this dictates the method of support it needs.
Self-clingers such as Virginia creeper
l Parthenocissus quinquefolia) climb up
their supports using adhesive pads, while
ivies ( Hedera ) and the Swiss cheese plant
l Monstera deliciosa ) use aerial roots to
attach themselves to vertical surfaces.
Self-clinging climbers may initially need
to be guided to their support with canes
(see box below) but will then become
self-supporting. By contrast, twiners coil

around the slim stems of a host plant; they
will need wires, mesh, or a trellis to cling
to if they are wall-trained. Clematis, passion
flowers ( Passiflora ), hops ( Humulus lupulus),
sweet peas ( Lathyrus ), and morning glories
(Ipomoea ) fall into this group.

Scrambling plants like winter jasmine
(Jasminum nudiflorum ) attach themselves
loosely by threading their flexible stems
through host plants or over a framework
of their old stems made in previous seasons.
On smooth surfaces, such as walls and
fences, their stems must be tied in to wires
or trellis attached to the support, as they
have no other means of clinging.

PLANTING A CLIMBER

Wall shrubs such as chaenomeles,
pyracanthas, and ceanothus are not natural
climbers, but can be trained to decorate
walls or fences. Some are best grown in
this way, as they require the additional
shelter and support a wall provides.

Ornamental features

Climbing plants have a range of attractive
foliage forms, from the lobed leaves of
Tropaeolum speciosum and palmate foliage
of x Fatshedera lizei, to the heart-shaped
leaves of Actinidia deliciosa. Leaf surfaces
also offer textural contrasts, from the
downy Vitis vinifera to glossy ivies [Hedera).

Before planting, attach eye screws and horizontal wires, or a trellis, to the wall
or fence. The lowest wire should be about 20in (50cm) above soil level, and the
others 12—18in (30-45cm) apart. Work plenty of organic matter into the soil.

190

ABOVE Wisteria-dad wall

Vigorous climbers, such as Wisteria sinensis, need
a sturdy trellis or wall for support to display their
heavy flowers to perfection. When grown around
a window, the subtle scent of its flowers can be
appreciated indoors and out.

I Dig a planting hole

Water the climber before planting. Dig a hole
twice the diameter and deeper than the rootball,
18in (45cm) from the fence. Dig a slightly deeper
hole for clematis, since they need to be planted
4in (10cm) deeper than the top of their rootball.

2 Plant the climber

Arrange a fan of canes in the hole. Place the
climber in the hole and slant it toward the canes.
Backfill with some soil enriched with rotted organic
matter. Untie the stems from their original support
and spread them out ready to attach to the canes.

3 Tie in the stems

Using soft garden twine, tie the stems to the
canes using a figure-eight. Train the lower stems
on to the lower wires and any tall stems at the
center of the plant to cover the high wires.

4 Firm in the soil

Firm in the climber and create a shallow saucer
shape around the base of the plant so that moisture
runs into the area above the roots. Water, and apply
a bark mulch, keeping it away from the plant stems.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Colors range from golden-hued Humulus
lupulus 'Aureus' to the deep green of many
jasmines, as well as the purple tints of
plants such as Vitis vinifera 'Purpurea'.
Others have bright, variegated foliage,
such as Actinidia kolomikta, with its green
leaves tipped with splashes of cream and
pink. Some, most notably species of vitis
and parthenocissus, produce their finest
displays in fall, when both fire up with
burning shades of red.

Climbers such as passion flowers
C Passiflora ] and clematis bear beautiful
flowers, while some, especially wisteria,
honeysuckles ( Lonicera ), and jasmines,
are deliciously fragrant. The flower colors
span the spectrum from the creamy
whites of Schizophragma integrifolium
and Hydrangea petiolaris to the magentas
of bougainvillea, blues and purples of a
whole range of clematis, and chocolate-
maroon of Rhodochiton atrosanguineus.
With many climbers, the season is further
prolonged by silky seed heads, as in
clematis, or striking berries, notably
the oblong, purple fruits of Billardiera
longiflora and the orange-yellow fruits
of Celastrus orbiculatus.

Annual climbers such as sweet peas
(Lathyrus odoratus) climb rapidly to the
top of wigwams made from garden canes,
producing a succession of scented flowers
from mid- to late summer that are ideal for
cutting. Morning glory ( Ipomoea tricolor
'Heavenly Blue'), with its sky-blue trumpets.

and black-eyed Susan ( Thunbergia alata), also
offer a quick-fix solution, covering a trellis or
adding height to containers on patios.

Wall shrubs are also valued for their
attractive foliage and blooms. Ceanothus,
for example, has both evergreen and
deciduous forms, with flowers in varying
shades of blue, white, and pink. The
flowering quince [Chaenomeles ) produces
a profusion of cupped white, pink, orange,
or scarlet-red flowers early in the year,
followed by yellow fruits in the fall. Thorny
pyracanthas make excellent security hedges,
deterring intruders, and sport glossy
evergreen foliage with an abundance of
yellow, orange, or red berries in the fall.

Designing with climbers
and wall shrubs

Growing climbers as a backdrop for other
plants is one way of adding height to a
border, but they can also be grown on
freestanding supports to form screens or
divisions between different parts of the
garden. Grown through trees or on pillars
and pyramids, they also create focal points.

Where a garden lacks shade, climbers
allowed to ramble over arches and arbors
offer a cool place to sit. You can also use
climbers and wall shrubs to soften the
lines of hard landscaping, while vigorous
climbers will help to camouflage unsightly
structures. Left unsupported, some climbers
trail on the ground and, when pegged at the

ABOVE Clematis 'Bill MacKenzie'

This small-flowered, late-blooming Croup 3 clematis
provides a natural, rambling backdrop of nodding
yellow flowers and fluffy seedheads.

nodes, will root to form a carpet of
groundcover. When growing climbers
through other plants, make sure that you
synchronize their flowering times for a
dual effect, and match their pruning needs.

As well as growing shrubs such as
pyracanthas and chaenomeles against
walls, you can train them into fans and
espaliers for a formal effect.

PRUNING CLEMATIS

Some clematis flower well if pruned lightly or not at all, while others
bloom more effectively when cut back hard. They are divided into three
groups, each with different pruning requirements. Group 1 clematis
(including C. montana and C. armandii ) are vigorous plants that flower
in late spring on the previous year's growth. Group 2 clematis, such as

C. 'Corona', and C. 'Henryi', flower in early summer on the previous
year's growth. Group 3 clematis include small-flowered viticella and
texensis types, such as C. 'Gravetye Beauty', and some large-flowered
types including C. 'Perle d'Azur'. They bloom from mid-summer to fall
on new growth formed earlier in the year.

Pruning Group 1 clematis

Plants in this group need little or no pruning
once established, except to remove dead
and damaged stems, or to keep them in
check. After flowering, give them a light trim
if necessary. Prune the leggy new season's
growth, cutting above a pair of healthy buds,
but do not cut them back hard.

Pruning Group 2 clematis

Prune this group in early spring when the buds
are in growth and are clearly visible. Work from
the top of the clematis, pruning each stem back
to the first pair of healthy buds or shoots. Remove
dead, diseased, or damaged wood; it will be
brown and dry. The pruned stems will produce
new growth and then flowers in early summer.

Pruning Group 3 clematis

Left unpruned, these clematis form flowers at
the top of the plant, leaving bare, straggly stems
at the bottom. In late winter, before the buds break,
remove the tangle of shoots from their support and
cut back all the stems hard to within 12in (30cm)
of the ground. This encourages strong new shoots
and flowers to form along their length.

191

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND
WALL SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SPRING

WHITE

PINK

Holboellia latifolia [white form]

Variable, evergreen, twining climber
with glossy, mid-green leaves divided
into 3-9 ovate or oblong leaflets. Bears
racemes of 3-7 sweetly scented, creamy-
white, male flowers and greenish, female
flowers in early summer, and sausage¬
shaped, purple fruit. H to 16ft (5m).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-1

Stauntonia hexaphylla

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Leaves have 3-7 oval leaflets,
2-5in (5-13cm) long. In spring bears
racemes of fragrant, cup-shaped, violet-
tinged white flowers, followed by egg-
shaped, edible, purple fruits, if plants of
both sexes are grown. H to 30ft (10m).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Decumaria sinensis

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, root
climber with oval, often toothed leaves,
l-3in (2.5-8cm) long. Conical clusters
of small, honey-scented, cream flowers
are produced in late spring and early
summer. H to 6ft (2m) or more.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Clianthus puniceus f. albus

Evergreen or semievergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber, grown
for its drooping clusters of clawlike,
creamy-white flowers that open in
spring and early summer. Mid-green
leaves consist of many small leaflets.
H 12ft (4m).

0 6 Z7-11 HI 1-7

Acradenia frankiiniae

Evergreen, upright, stiffly branched
shrub with aromatic, dark green leaves
divided into 3 narrowly lance-shaped
leaflets. From late spring to early
summer bears small clusters of
star-shaped, white flowers. H 10ft (3m),
S 5ft (1.5m).

0 6 Zio-ll H12-10

Ercilla volubilis

Evergreen, root climber with oval to
heart-shaped, mid-green leaves, l-2in
(2.5-5cm) long. Spikes of petal-less
flowers, each consisting of 5 greenish or
purple sepals and 6-8 white stamens, are
borne in spring. H to 30ft (10m) or more.

0 6 Z10-11 H12-10

Prostanthera rotundifolia 'Rosea'

Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub with
tiny, sweetly aromatic, deep green leaves
and short, leafy racemes of bell-shaped,
purple-anthered, pale pink flowers in
late spring or summer. H 6—13ft (2-4m),

S 3-1 Oft (l-3m).

0 6 Zll HI 1-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Campsis radicans 'Indian Summer'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber with leaves divided into 7-11
oval, toothed leaflets. Small clusters
of trumpet-shaped, yellow-throated,
orange-red flowers, 2 1 /6-3in (6-8cm)
long, are produced in late summer
and early fall. H 40ft (12m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-3

Mitraria coccinea

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling
climber with oval, toothed leaves. Small,
tubular, orange-red flowers are borne
singly in leaf axils during late spring to
summer. H to 6ft (2m).

0 6 E5 Z10-11 HI 1-10

Chaenomeles x superba 'Crimson
and Gold' (Flowering quince)

Deciduous, dense shrub with thorns
and oval, glossy, green leaves. Bears
masses of 5-petaled, deep red flowers,
with conspicuous, golden-yellow
anthers, in spring, followed by round,
yellow fruits. H to 3ft (lm), S to 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Ribes speciosum

Deciduous, bushy, spiny shrub bearing
slender, drooping, tubular, red flowers,
with long, red stamens, in mid-late
spring. Fruits are spherical and red.
Has red, young shoots and oval,
3-5-lobed, glossy, bright green leaves.
H and S 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Clianthus puniceus (Parrot's bill)

Evergreen or semievergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber with
leaves composed of many leaflets.

In spring and early summer bears
drooping clusters of unusual, clawlike,
brilliant red flowers. H 12ft (4m).

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

Akebia quinata (Chocolate vine)

Woody-stemmed, twining climber-
semievergreen in mild winters or
warm areas, with leaves of 5 leaflets.
Vanilla-scented, brownish-purple
flowers appear in late spring, followed
by sausage-shaped, purplish fruits.

H 30ft (10m) or more.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Jasminum beesianum

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling
climber, deciduous in cool areas. Has
lance-shaped leaves. Fragrant, tubular,
usually 6-lobed, pinkish-red flowers,

1-3 together, borne in early summer,
are followed by shiny, black berries.

H to 15ft (5m).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-l

193

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SPRING

PURPLE

Akebia x pentaphylla

Mainly deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. Mid-green leaves,
bronze-tinted when young, have 3 or 5
oval leaflets. Pendent racemes of small,
3-petaled, purple flowers (female at
base, male at apex) are borne in spring.
H to 30ft (10m).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Hardenbergia comptoniana

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leaves of 3 or 5 lance¬
shaped leaflets. Has racemes of pealike,
deep purple-blue flowers in spring.

H to 8ft (2.5m).

Ceanothus arboreus Trewithen Blue'

Vigorous, evergreen, bushy, spreading
shrub with broadly oval to rounded,
dark green leaves. In spring and early
summer bears large, pyramidal clusters
of rich blue flowers. H to 20ft (6m),

S to 25ft (8m).

BLUE

0 6 Zll HU-6

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Holboellia latifolia [purple form]

Evergreen, twining climber with glossy,
green leaves. Clusters of tiny, mauve,
male flowers and, lower down stems,
larger, purple-tinged, green-white
female flowers are borne in spring,
followed by sausage-shaped, purple
fruits. H to 22ft (7m) or more.

194 ... A

X* 6 Z10—11 HI 1-1

Sollya heterophylla

Evergreen, woody-based, twining
climber with narrowly lance-shaped
to oval leaves, 3 /4-214in (2-6cm) long.
Nodding clusters of 4-9 broadly
bell-shaped, sky-blue flowers are carried
from spring to fall. H to 10ft (3m).

0 £) Z10-11 H12-6

YELLOW

Eriobotrya japonica (Loquat)

Evergreen, bushy shrub or spreading
tree with stout shoots bearing large.

oblong, prominently veined, glossy, dark
green leaves. Fragrant, 5-petaled, white
flowers borne in clusters in early fall are
followed by pear-shaped, orange-yellow
fruits. H and S 25ft (8m).

Hum ulus lupulus 'Aureus'

Herbaceous, twining climber with
rough, hairy stems and toothed,
yellowish leaves divided into 3 or 5
lobes. Greenish, female flower spikes
are borne in pendent clusters in fall.
H to 20ft (6m).

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Vestia foetida

Evergreen, upright shrub with pendent,
tubular, pale yellow flowers from
midspring to mid-summer. Oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves have an
unpleasant scent. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

Azara serrata

Evergreen, upright shrub with glossy,
bright green foliage and rounded
bunches of fragrant, yellow flowers in
late spring or early summer. H 12ft (4m),
S 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z9-10 HU-9

Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. Has
blue-gray leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets.
Fragrant, pealike, yellow flowers are
borne from midspring to early summer.
H and S 5ft (1.5m).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Forsythia suspensa

Deciduous, arching, graceful shrub
with slender shoots. Nodding, narrow,
trumpet-shaped, bright yellow
flowers open from early to midspring,
before mid-green leaves appear.

H and S 10ft (3m).

0 £> Z6-8 H8-6

Celsemium sempervirens

Moderately vigorous, evergreen, twining
climber with pointed, lustrous leaves.
Clusters of fragrant, funnel-shaped,
pale to deep yellow flowers are borne
from late spring to late summer.

H to 20ft (6m).

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-1

Jasminum mesnyi

(Primrose jasmine)

Evergreen or semievergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. Leaves
are divided into 3 leaflets; semidouble,
pale yellow flowers appear in spring.
H to 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z8—10 H10-8

WHITE

Trachelospermum jasminoides

(Confederate jasmine, Star jasmine)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining

climber with oval leaves up to 6in (15cm)
long. Has very fragrant, white flowers
in summer, then pairs of pods, up to
6in (15cm) long. H to 28ft (9m).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Araujia sericifera
(Cruel plant)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leaves that are white-
downy beneath. Has scented, white
flowers, often striped pale maroon
inside, from late summer to fall.

H to 23ft (7m).

0 6 Zio-ll Hll-10

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii 'Elegans'

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining, tendril climber with hairy
young stems. Has variable, densely
white-mottled, pink-tinged leaves.

Tiny flowers are produced in summer,
followed by blue berries. H 16ft (5m).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-2

Solanum laxum 'Album' (Potato vine)

Semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
scrambling climber. Oval to lance¬
shaped leaves are sometimes lobed
or divided into leaflets. Has star-shaped,
white flowers, %-lin (2-2.5cm) across,
in summer-fall. H to 20ft (6m).

0 6 ® Z10-11 H12-7

Hydrangea petiolaris

(Climbing hydrangea)

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber. Has toothed leaves and
lacy heads of small, white flowers
in summer, only sparingly borne
on young plants. H to 50ft (15m).

0 6 © Z4—9 H9-1

195

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SUMMER

WHITE

Pileostegia viburnoides

Slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, root climber. Tiny, white or
cream flowers, with many prominent
stamens, are borne in heads from late
summer to fall. H to 20ft (6m).

Wisteria floribunda 'Alba'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leaves of 11-19 oval
leaflets. Scented, pealike, white flowers
are carried in drooping racemes, up
to 2ft (60cm) long, in early summer.

H to 28ft (9m).

0 Z7-11 HI 1-7

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-3

196

Jasminum officinale f. affine

(Common jasmine)

Semievergreen or deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with leaves
comprising 7 or 9 leaflets. Clusters of
fragrant, 4- or 5-lobed flowers, white
inside and pink outside, are borne in
summer-fall. H to 40ft (12m).

Hydrangea serratifolia

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed
climber with elliptic, sharply toothed,
dark green leaves. In summer produces
rounded clusters of small, white, fertile
flowers opening from large, rounded
buds. H 50-70ft (15-20m).

0 6 Z9—10 H10-9

& Z8-10 H10-8

Hydrangea seemannii

Evergreen, woody-stemmed climber
with elliptic to lance-shaped, leathery,
mid-green leaves. In summer produces
domed flower heads consisting of small,
clustered, greenish-white, fertile flowers
surrounded by larger, white, sterile
flowers. H 50ft (15m).

# 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Trachelospermum asiaticum

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with oval, glossy, dark green
leaves, lin (2.5cm) long. Scented, tubular,
cream flowers that age to yellow, are
produced in summer. Pairs of long,
slender pods, 5-9in (12-22cm) long,
contain silky seeds. H to 20ft (6m).

# 6 Z7-11 H12-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Dregea sinensis

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Oval, green leaves, 114-4in
(3-1 Ocm) long, are grayish beneath.

In summer produces clusters of 10-25
small, fragrant, star-shaped flowers,
red-marked white or cream, followed by
pairs of slender seed pods. H to 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Schizophragma integrifolium

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber with oval or heart-shaped
leaves. In summer, white flowers
are borne in flat heads up to
12in (30cm) across, marginal sterile
flowers each having a large, white
bract. H to 40ft (12m).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Anredera cordifolia

Fast-growing, evergreen, tuberous,
twining climber with oval to lance¬
shaped, fleshy leaves. Tiny, fragrant,
white flowers are borne in clusters
from upper leaf axils in summer.

H to 20ft (6m).

0 6 zio-n hi l-i

Prostanthera cuneata

Evergreen, bushy, erect to spreading
shrub with small, aromatic, shiny, dark
green leaves. In late spring and early
summer produces dense racemes of
shortly tubular, 2-lipped, white flowers,
with purple and yellow markings in the
throat. H and S 3ft (90cm).

0 6 Z9—11 HI1-9

Schizophragma hydrangeoides

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, climber with
broadly oval leaves. Small white flowers,
in flat heads 8-1 Oin (20-25cm) across,
are produced on pendent side-branches
in summer; these are surrounded by
marginal, sterile flowers, each with an oval,
pale yellow sepal. H to 25-40ft (8-12m).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Drimys lanceolata

(Pepper tree, mountain pepper)

Evergreen, upright, dense shrub or
tree with deep red shoots and oblong,
dark green leaves. Produces clusters
of star-shaped, white flowers in spring.
H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z9—10 H10-9

Carpentaria californica

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Glossy, dark
green foliage sets off fragrant, yellow-
centered, white flowers borne during
summer. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

197

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLEMATIS

Among the climbers, clematis are unsurpassed in their long
period of flowering (with species flowering in almost every
month of the year), the variety of flower shapes and colors,
and their tolerance of almost any exposure and climate.

Some spring-flowering species and cultivars are vigorous
and excellent for rapidly covering buildings, old trees, and
pergolas. Other, less rampant cultivars display often large,
exquisite blooms from early summer to fall in almost every
color. Flower colors may vary according to your climatic
conditions; generally speaking, the warmer the climate, the
darker the flowers are likely to be.

Clematis look attractive when trained on walls or trellises
and when grown in association with other climbers, trees,
or shrubs, treating them as hosts. Less vigorous cultivars
may also be left unsupported to scramble at ground level,
where their flowers will be clearly visible.

The various types of clematis (see the Plant Dictionary) may
be divided into 3 groups, each of which has different pruning
requirements. Incorrect pruning may result in cutting out
the stems that will produce flowers in the current season,
so the following guidelines should be followed closely.

Group l

Early-flowering species, Alpina,
Macropetala, and Montana types

Flower stems are produced direct from
the previous season's ripened stems.
Prune after flowering to allow new
growth to be produced and ripened
for the next season. Remove dead or
damaged stems and cut back other shoots
that have outgrown their allotted space.

Group 2

Early, large-flowered cultivars

Flowers are produced on short,
current-season stems, so prune
before new growth starts, in early
spring. Remove dead or damaged
stems and cut back all others to
where strong, leaf-axil buds are
visible. (These buds will produce
the first crop of flowers.)

C. fasciculiflora
[1, early small-fl.]

C. 'Andromeda' [2, early large-fl.]

C. arctic queen ('Evitwo') C. 'White Columbine'

[2, early large-fl.] [1, early small-fl.]

C.armandii [1, early]

Group 3

Late, large-flowered cultivars.
Late-flowering species. Small-flowered
cultivars, and Herbaceous types

Flowers are produced on the current
season's growth only, so prune before
new growth starts, in early spring.

Remove all of the previous season's stems
down to a pair of strong, leaf-axil buds,

6-12 in (15-30 cm) above the soil.

Flower

stems on

current

season's

growth

only

C. x cartmanii 'Avalanche' [1, early]

C 'Guernsey Cream'

[2, early large-fl.]

C. x cartmanii' Joe' [1, early]

C. 'Bella' [2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Early Sensation' [3, late]

C.montana [1, Montana]

C. CHANTILLY ('Evipo021')
[2, early large-fl.]

C. florida pistachio ('Evirida') C. montana var. rubens [1, Montana]
[3, late large-fl.]

C. 'Alionushka' [3, early small-fl.] C 'Fireworks' [2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Jacqueline du Pre'

[1, early small-fl.]

G montana var. rubens
'Tetrarose' [1, Montana]

C. 'Lincoln Star' [2, early large-fl.]

C. VIENNETTA ('Evipo006')

[3, large-fl.]

C 'Sunrise' [1, early]

G 'Henryi' [2, early large-fl.]

G 'Corona' [2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Charissima' [2, late large-fl.] C. 'Nelly Moser'
[2, early large-fl.]

C. blue moon ('Evirin')
[3, late large-fl.]

C. florida var. sieboldiana

[3, small-fl.]

C. 'Huldine' [3, late large-fl.] C. 'Barbara Jackman' [2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Barbara Dibley' [2, early lge-fl.]

C. 'Kakio' [2, early large-fl.]

vjr

QPv

C. 'Etoile Violette' [3, late-fl.]

C 'Gravetye Beauty'

[3, small-fl.]

C. AVANT-GARDE ('Evipo033')
[3, mid-season small-fl.]

C ROSEMOOR ('Evipo002')

[2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Polish Spirit' [3, late large-fl.

C. 'Frankie' [1, early small-fl.]

C. bourbon ('Evipo018')

[2, early large-fl.]

Clematis vino ('Poulvo')
[2, early large-fl.]

C. anna louise ('Evithree')

[2, early large-fl.]

C. cirrhosa var. purpurascens C. 'Ernest Markham'
'Freckles' [1, early small-fl.] [3, late large-fl.]

C. 'Perle d'Azur' [3, late large-fl.]

C 'Westerplatte'

[2, early large-fl.]

C. 'Frances Rivis'

[1, early small-fl.]

C. 'Kardynal Wyszynski' [2, early large-fl.]

C 'Black Prince' [3, late]

C. 'Columella' [1, early]

C. 'Betty Corning' [3, early] C. rehderiana [3, late-fl.]

C 'Abundance' [3, late-fl.]

C. 'Madame Julia Correvon'

C. 'Purpurea Plena Elegans'

C. 'Rosy O'Grady'

C. 'Jackmanii' [3, late large-fl.]

[3, late-fl.]

[3, late-fl.]

[1, early and late]

tgn

* V | JTi Wl

j^§

Mi

C. 'Silver Moon'

[2, early large-fl.]

C. flammula [3, late-fl.]

SUMMER

PINK

Lathyrus odoratus
'Mrs. Bernard Jones'

Vigorous, annual, tendril climber
with mid-green leaves. Produces large,
strongly scented, wavy-edged, sugar-
pink flowers, suffused white at the
margins, from summer to early fall.

H 6ft (2m).

0 6 ® Z9-10 H8-1

Actinidia kolomikta

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with 3-6in (8-16cm) long leaves,
the upper sections often creamy-white
and pink. Has small, cup-shaped, white
flowers in summer, male and female on
separate plants. H 12ft (4m).

0 6 Z5-8 HU-1

Lathyrus odoratus 'Charles Unwin'

Vigorous, annual, tendril climber with
oval, mid-green leaves. Produces large,
scented, wavy-margined, soft salmon-
pink flowers with cream keels, paling
to salmon-tinted cream at the margins
in summer and early fall. H 6ft (2m).

0 6 ® Z9—10 H8-1

Lathyrus latifolius
(Everlasting pea, Perennial pea)

Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged
stems. Leaves have broad stipules and
a pair of leaflets. Has small racemes of
pink-purple flowers in summer and
early fall. H 6ft (2m) or more.

Jasminum x stephanense

Vigorous, deciduous, twining climber
with simple or pinnate, matt green
leaves. Produces loose clusters of
fragrant, 5-lobed, pale pink flowers,
from early to mid-summer, sometimes
producing a second flush later in the
season. H 16-22ft (5-7m).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

C) Z7-U HU-8

Lathyrus odoratus 'Lady Diana'

Moderately fast-growing, slender-
annual, tendril climber with oval,
mid-green leaves. Fragrant, pale
violet-blue flowers are borne from
summer to early fall. H 6ft (2m).

Crevillea 'Canberra Gem'

Vigorous, evergreen shrub with silky
stems and linear, pointed, green leaves,
to lV4in (3cm) long. Late winter to
mid-summer, and occasionally through
the year, produces short racemes of
small, tubular, white-tipped, pink-red
flowers. H and S 6-13ft (2-4m).

Bomarea edulis

Deciduous, twining climber with
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From
early summer to fall bears umbel-like
clusters of narrowly bell-shaped flowers,
to l!4in (3.5cm) long, pink-light red, with
yellow-flecked throats. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m).

0 6 ® Z9-10 H8-1

0 6 S5 ® Z9—11 HI 1-9

0 6 Zll H12-10

201

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SUMMER

Lapageria rosea
(Chilean bellflower, Copihue)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with oblong to oval, leathery
leaves. Has pendent, fleshy, pink to
red flowers, 2%-3 1 /£in (7-9cm) long,
with paler flecks, from summer to
late fall. H to 15ft (5m).

Lathyrus odoratus 'Barry Dare'

Vigorous, annual, tendril climber
with ovate, mid-green leaves and

large, sweetly-scented, bright orange-
red, pea-flowers from summer to fall.
H 6ft (2m).

Cestrum elegans

Vigorous, evergreen, arching shrub.
Nodding shoots carry downy, deep
green foliage. Dense racemes of tubular,
purplish-red flowers in late spring and
summer are followed by deep red fruits.
H and S 10ft (3m).

6 zio-n hh-io

0 6 ® Z9-10 H8-1

0 6 Hll-10

Ipomoea lobata

Deciduous or semievergreen, twining
climber with 3-lobed leaves, usually
grown as an annual. One-sided racemes
of small, tubular, dark red flowers fade to
orange, then creamy-yellow, in summer.
H to 15ft (5m).

0 ® Hll-10

Ipomoea quamoclit (Cypress vine)

Annual, twining climber with oval,
bright green leaves cut into many
threadlike segments. Slender, tubular,
orange or scarlet flowers are carried
in summer-fall. H 6-12ft (2-4m).

202

6 ® hi 1-6

Tropaeolum speciosum
(Flame creeper, Flame nasturtium)

Herbaceous, twining climber with a
creeping rhizome and lobed, blue-
green leaves. Bears scarlet flowers in
summer, followed by bright blue fruits
surrounded by deep red calyces. Roots
should be in shade. H to 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z8—11 H12-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Schisandra rubriflora

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leathery, toothed leaves,
paler beneath. Has small, crimson
flowers in spring or early summer and
drooping, red fruits in late summer.

H to 20ft (6m).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Berberidopsis corallina (Coral plant)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with oval to heart-shaped,
leathery leaves edged with small spines.
Bears pendent clusters of globular, deep
red flowers in summer to early fall.

H 14ft (4.5m).

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Crinodendron hookerianum

(Lantern tree)

Evergreen, stiffly-branched shrub.

In late spring and early summer,
lantern-like, red flowers hang from
shoots clothed with narrow, dark
green leaves. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).

4 eS Z9-11 Hll-9

PURPLE

Desfontainia spinosa

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
spiny, holly-like, glossy, dark green
leaves. Long, tubular, drooping,
red flowers, tipped with yellow, are
borne from mid-summer to late fall.
H and S 6ft (2m).

Z8-11 HU-8

Callistemon citrinus 'Splendens'

(Crimson bottlebrush)

Evergreen, arching shrub with broad,
lemon-scented, gray-green leaves that
are bronze-red when young. In early
summer bright red flowers are borne in
bottlebrush-like spikes. H 6-25ft (2-8m),
S 5-20ft (1.5-6m).

-:S:- 6 zio-ii hii-io

Acca sellowiana (Pineapple guava)

Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. Dark
green leaves have white undersides.
In mid-summer bears large, dark
red flowers with white-edged petals,
followed by edible, red-tinged, green
fruits. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m).

6 Z8-11 Hll-9

Crevillea rosmarinifolia

Evergreen, rounded, well-branched
shrub. Dark green leaves are needle-
shaped with reflexed margins, silky¬
haired beneath. Has short, dense
clusters of tubular, red, occasionally
pink or white flowers in summer.

H 2-1 Oft (0.6-3m), S 3-15ft (l-5m).

Cestrum 'Newellii'

Evergreen, arching shrub bearing
clusters of tubular, crimson flowers
in late spring and summer. Leaves
are large, broadly lance-shaped and
dark green. H and S 10ft (3m).

Callistemon subulatus

Evergreen, arching shrub with narrowly
oblong, bright green leaves. Dense
spikes of crimson flowers are produced
in summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m).

6 Z8-11 Hll-10

Abutilon megapotamicum

Evergreen shrub with long, slender
branches normally trained against a
wall. Pendent, bell-shaped, yellow-and-
red flowers are produced from late
spring to fall. Leaves are oval, with
heart-shaped bases, and dark green.

H and S 6ft (2m).

0 C, 5 Z9-11 HU-6

campsis granamora

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber. Leaves have 7 or 9 oval, toothed
leaflets. Drooping clusters of trumpet¬
shaped, orange or red flowers, 2-3in
(5-8cm) long, are produced in late
summer and fall, abundantly in warm
areas. H 22-30ft (7-10m).

6 Z8-u Hii-i

-£> ; - 6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z8—10 HU-1

Rhodochiton atrosanguineus

Evergreen, leaf-stalk climber, usually
grown as an annual, with toothed
leaves. Has tubular, blackish-purple
flowers, with bell-shaped, red-purple
calyces, from late spring to late fall.

H to 10ft (3m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 H8-2

Lablab purpureus (Australian pea,
Hyacinth bean, Lablab)

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber, often grown as an annual.
Purple, pinkish or white flowers in
summer are followed by long pods
with edible seeds. H 30ft (10m).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

■0 6 Z9-U HU-9

203

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SUMMER

PURPLE

Ipomoea hederacea

Annual, twining climber with heart-

shaped or 3-lobed, mid- to bright green
leaves. Has funnel-shaped, red, purple,
pink or blue flowers in summer to early
fall. H 10-12ft (3-4m).

Akebia trifoliata

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Mid-green leaves, bronze-
tinted when young, have 3 oval leaflets.
Drooping racemes of purple flowers in
spring are followed by sausage-shaped,
purplish fruits. H to 30ft (10m) or more.

& 6 ® Z10-11 HI 1-10

Buddleja crispa

Deciduous, upright, bushy shrub
that, from mid- to late summer, bears
racemes of small, fragrant, lilac flowers
with white eyes. Has woolly, white
shoots and oval, grayish-green leaves.
H and S 10ft (3m).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Cobaea scandens

(Cup-and-saucer vine)

Evergreen or deciduous, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber, grown as
an annual. From late summer to first
frosts has flowers that open yellow-
green and age to purple. H 12-15ft
(4-5m). Min. 39°F (4°C).

Passiflora caerulea (Blue passion
flower, Common passion flower)

Fast-growing, evergreen or
semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. Has white flowers,
sometimes pink-flushed, with blue-
or purple-banded crowns, in summer-
fall. H to 30ft (10m) or more.

0 Z8-9 H9-8

0 6 Zll HI 1-10

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Fabiana imbricata f. violacea

Evergreen, upright shrub with shoots
that are densely covered with tiny,
heather-like, deep green leaves. Tubular,
lilac flowers are borne profusely in
early summer. H and S 8ft (2.5m).

204 ...

I --Q:- (j Z9—ii hi l-io

& Z5—8 H8-4

6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

6 ® Z9—15 H12-1

Aristolocbia macrophylla

(Dutchman's pipe)

Vigorous, deciduous climber with
heart-shaped, dark green leaves, to
12in (30cm) long. In summer produces
malodorous, trumpet-shaped, cream-
colored flowers, strongly mottled
yellow, purple and brown. H 30ft (10m).

Aconitum hemsleyanum

Wiry, scandent, fibrous perennial with
hooded, lilac flowers produced in
drooping clusters in late summer. Leaves
are divided and mid-green. Is best
grown where it can scramble through a
shrub or be supported. H 6-8ft (2-2.5m),
S 3-4ft (1-1.2m).

Solanum crispum 'Glasnevin'

(Chilean potato tree)

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber
with oval leaves. Has clusters of lilac
to purple flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
in summer. H to 20ft (6m).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

W. floribunda 'Hon-beni' ®

W. brachybotrys
'Shiro-kapitan' ®

W. brachybotrys
'White Silk' CD

W. floribunda 'Yae-kokuryu' ®

W. frutescens 'Amethyst Falls' ©

Ceanothus 'Puget Blue'

Vigorous, evergreen, spreading shrub
with arching branches clothed with
small, oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves.
In mid-spring produces abundant
clusters of small, deep blue flowers.

Is best grown trained as a wall shrub.

H and S 10-13ft (3-4m).

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8

Ipomoea tricolor 'Heavenly Blue'

(Morning glory)

Fast-growing, annual, twining climber
with heart-shaped leaves and large,
funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers borne
from summer to early fall. H to 10ft (3m).

0 6 ® HI 1-1

BLUE

Ceanothus 'Burkwoodii'

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub
producing dense panicles of bright blue
flowers from mid-summer to mid fall.
Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
downy and gray beneath. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 6ft (2m).

-£> ; - 6 Z9—10 H10-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

WISTERIA

Wisterias are large, vigorous, deciduous climbers that
flower in late spring to early summer, producing pendent
racemes 18in (45cm) long or more, of scented, pealike
flowers. These open in shades of white through pale lilac-
blue to dark purple, and are sweetly scented. Often seen
growing on arches and arbors, wisterias need strong
support, as they become heavy with age, and their roots
may damage building foundations. They prefer fertile, moist,
well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. Unless the soil
is very poor, don't fertilize them, as this encourages excess
growth. Choosing wisteria can be confusing because many
varieties are commonly mislabeled.

Codonopsis convolvulacea

Herbaceous, twining climber with l-2in
(5cm) long, oval or lance-shaped leaves.
Widely bell- to saucer-shaped, bluish-
violet flowers, l-2in (5cm) across, are
borne in summer. H to 6ft (2m).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Plumbago auriculata (Cape leadwort)

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber.

Trusses of sky-blue flowers are
carried from summer to early winter.

H 10-20ft (3-6m).

0 6 HI 1-10

W. frutescens ®

I N. frutescens
'Longwood Purple' ®

W. sinensis 'Prolific' ®

%

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SUMMER

YELLOW

Thladiantha dubia

Fast-growing, herbaceous or deciduous,
tendril climber. Oval to heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves, 4in (10cm) long,
are hairy beneath; bell-shaped, yellow
flowers are carried in summer.

H 10ft (3m).

Crevillea juniperina f. sulphurea

Evergreen, rounded, bushy shrub with
almost needle-like leaves, recurved and
dark green above, silky-haired beneath.
Has clusters of small, spidery, pale
yellow flowers in spring-summer.

H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 6-10ft (2-3m).

Hypericum 'Rowallane'

Semievergreen, arching shrub with
oval, rich green leaves. Bears large,
bowl-shaped, deep golden-yellow
flowers from mid-summer to mid- or
late fall. Is cut to ground level in severe
winters. H to 6ft (1.8m), S to 3ft (lm).

Dendromecon rigida

Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub, best
grown against a wall. Large, fragrant,
golden-yellow flowers appear amid
gray-green foliage from spring to fall.

H and S 10ft (3m).

& 6 Z8—11 H12-9

0 6 SU ® Z9-11 Hll-10

6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z9-ii Hii-9

Fremontodendron 'California Glory 7

Very vigorous, evergreen or
semievergreen, upright shrub. Has
rounded, lobed, dark green leaves
and large, bright yellow flowers from
late spring to mid-fall. H 20ft (6m),

S 12ft (4m).

0 ® Z8—10 H10-8

Piptanthus nepalensis

Deciduous or semievergreen, open
shrub with leaves consisting of 3 large,
dark blue-green leaflets. Racemes of
pealike, bright yellow flowers appear in
spring-summer. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).

206 ...

« 6 Zll HI 1-9

Jasminum humile 'Revolutum'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with glossy,
bright green leaves divided into 3-7 oval
leaflets. Bears large, fragrant, tubular,
upright, bright yellow flowers, with 5
spreading lobes, on long, slender, green
shoots from early spring to late fall.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m).

Lonicera x americana (Honeysuckle)

Very free-flowering, deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber.
Leaves are oval, upper ones united and
saucer-like. Has clusters of strongly
fragrant, yellow flowers, flushed with
red-purple, in summer. H to 23ft (7m).

6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Campsis radicans f. flava

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber with leaves divided into 7-11
oval, toothed leaflets, downy beneath.
Small clusters of trumpet-shaped, yellow
flowers, 2V^-3in (6-8cm) long, are
produced in late summer and early fall.

H 40ft (12m).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z5-9 H9-3

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ORANGE

Thunbergia alata

(Black-eyed Susan vine)

Moderately fast-growing, annual,
twining climber. Has toothed, oval to
heart-shaped leaves and rounded, rather
flat, small flowers, orange-yellow with
very dark brown centers, from early
summer to early fall. H 10ft (3m).

-:S:- 6 zii-15 H 12-10

Tropaeolum tuberosum

var. lineamaculatum 'Ken Aslet'

Herbaceous climber with yellowish,
red-streaked tubers and blue-green
leaves. From mid-summer to fall has
flowers with red sepals and orange
petals. In cool areas, lift and store tubers
in winter. H to 8ft (2.5m).

0 6 Z8-15 H12-8

Bomarea multiflora

Herbaceous, twining climber with
rounded clusters of 5-40 tubular to
funnel-shaped, orange-red flowers,
spotted crimson within, in summer.
H 10-12ft (3-4m).

0 6 Zll H12-10

HONEYSUCKLE

Fragrant, colorful, and easy to grow, honeysuckles ( Lonicera )
can illuminate a border, wall, or fence with their distinctive
blooms. They are mainly cultivated for their flowers, which
are tubular or funnel- to bell-shaped, and come in a range of
colors, from the bright golden-yellow of L. etrusca 'Superba',
to the deep pink of L. periclymenum 'Red Gables'. The
genus includes deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen
shrubs and twining climbers, which have a sweet fragrance
that intensifies at night. Honeysuckles need fertile, well-
drained soil, in sun or partial shade. Prune back young
growth soon after flowering. Most produce berries, which
should not be eaten.

L. etrusca 'Michael Rosse'

L. etrusca 'Superba'

L. periclymenum 'Serotina' L. periclymenum 'Red Gables'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

SUMMER

FALL

ORANGE

Eccremocarpus scaber

(Chilean glory flower, Glory vine)

Evergreen, subshrubby, tendril climber,
often grown as an annual. In summer
has racemes of small, orange-red
flowers, followed by inflated fruit
pods containing many winged seeds.

H 6-10ft (2-3m).

0 6 Zll Hll-10

Mutisia decurrens

Evergreen, tendril climber with narrowly
oblong leaves, 2%-5in (7-13cm) long.
Flower heads, 4-5in (10-13cm) across
with red or orange ray flowers, are
produced in summer. Proves difficult
to establish, but is worthwhile.

H to 10ft (3m).

WHITE

Fallopia baldschuanica

(Mile-a-minute plant, Russian vine)

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber with drooping panicles
of pink or white flowers in summer-fall.
H 40ft (12m) or more.

Campsis x tagliabuana
'Madame Galen'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber with leaves of 7 or more
narrowly oval, toothed leaflets.
Trumpet-shaped, orange-red flowers
are borne in pendent clusters from
late summer to fall. H to 30ft (10m).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Vitis 'Brant'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber with lobed, toothed, green
leaves, 4-9in (10-22cm) long. In fall
leaves mature to brown-red, except
for the veins. Produces tiny flowers in
summer, followed by green or purple
fruits. H to 22ft (7m) or more.

0 Z8-9 H9-8

0 <k Z5—9 H9-5

0 C) Z5—9 H9-5

Campsis radicans 'Flamenco'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber with leaves divided into 7-11
oval, toothed leaflets, downy beneath.
Small clusters of trumpet-shaped,
orange-red flowers, 2 1 /£-3in (6-8cm)
long, are produced in late summer
and early fall. H 40ft (12m).

208 ...

-:0; 6 Z5-9 H9-3

Jasminum polyanthum

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Dark green leaves have 5 or
7 leaflets. Large clusters of fragrant,
5-lobed, white flowers, sometimes
reddish on the outside, are carried
from late summer to winter.

H 10ft (3m) or more.

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Cotoneaster horizontalis (Rockspray)

Deciduous, stiff-branched, spreading
shrub. Glossy, dark green leaves redden
in late fall. Bears pinkish-white flowers
from late spring to early summer,
followed by red fruits. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m).

0 6 ® Z4-7 H7-3

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Pyracantha coccinea 'Mohave'

Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub with
oval, dark green leaves. Dense clusters
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers in
early summer are followed by spherical,
bright red fruits. H and S 12ft (4m).

Parthenocissus tricuspidata

(Boston ivy)

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. Has spectacular,
crimson, fall leaf color and dull blue
berries. Will cover large expanses
of wall. H to 70ft (20m).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Celastrus orbiculatus 'Diana'

Vigorous, deciduous, twining climber
with small, rounded, toothed leaves.
Clusters of 2-4 small, green flowers are
borne in summer. Tiny, long-lasting,
green fruit turns black in fall and finally
splits, showing yellow insides and red
seeds. H to 46ft (14m).

C) Z4-8 H8-i

Vitis coignetiae (Crimson glory vine)

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. Large leaves, brown¬
haired beneath, are brightly colored
in fall. Has tiny, pale green flowers in
summer, followed by purplish-bloomed,
black berries. H to 50ft (15m).

6 Z5—9 H9-5

Cayratia thomsonii

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber. Has glossy, green leaves with
5 leaflets that turn red-purple in fall,
and black berries. Provide some shade
for best fall color. H to 30ft (10m).

6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Lowii'

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber with deeply cut and
crinkled, 3-7-lobed leaves that turn
crimson in fall. Has insignificant
flowers, followed by dull blue berries.
H to 70ft (20m).

6 © Z4-8 H8-1

209

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

FALL

PURPLE

Billardiera longiflora

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with narrow leaves. Small,
bell-shaped, sometimes purple-tinged,
green-yellow flowers are produced
singly in leaf axils in summer, followed
by purple-blue fruits in fall. H to 6ft (2m).

C) Z8-9 H9-8

Ampelopsis megalophylla

Vigorous, deciduous climber with
glaucous shoots and large, pinnate to
2-pinnate, dark green leaves, glaucous
beneath. Axillary clusters of small, green
flowers, in summer, are followed by
small, top-shaped, purple fruits that
later turn black. H 30ft (10m).

210 ...

-:0; 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining, tendril climber with dark green
leaves that vary in size and shape. Bears
inconspicuous, greenish flowers in
summer, followed by pinkish-purple,
later bright blue berries. H to 15ft (5m).

6 Z5-8 H8-2

Vitis vinifera 'Purpurea'

Deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber with toothed, 3- or 5-lobed,
purplish leaves, white-haired when
young. Has tiny, pale green flowers
in summer and tiny, green or purple
berries. H to 23ft (7m).

& 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Veitchii'

Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed.

tendril climber. Has spectacular,
red-purple, fall leaf color and dull
blue berries. Greenish flowers are
insignificant. H to 70ft (20m).

6 ® Z4-8 H8-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GREEN

YELLOW

Hedera helix 'Glacier'

Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging
climber or trailing perennial bearing
5-lobed, silvery-gray-green leaves.

H 10ft (3m).

6 ® Z5-11 HI 1-6

Carrya elliptica 'James Roof

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub with
oval, wavy-edged, leathery, dark green
leaves. Very long, gray-green catkins,
with yellow anthers, are borne from
mid- or late winter to early spring.

H and S 12ft (4m).

0 £> Z8-11 Hll-8

x Fatshedera lizei (Tree ivy)

Evergreen, loose-branched shrub
that forms a mound of deeply lobed,
glossy, deep green leaves. May also
be trained as a climber. Sprays of
small, white flowers appear in fall.

H 4-6ft (1.2-2m), S 10ft (3m).

6 Z8-ii H12-8

Hedera colchica 'Sulphur Heart'

Evergreen, self-clinging climber or
trailing perennial with large, oval.

unlobed leaves variegated yellow and
light green. Is suitable for growing
against a wall. H 15ft (5m).

Acacia dealbata

(Mimosa, Silver wattle)

Fast-growing, evergreen, spreading
tree. Has feathery, blue-green leaves
with many leaflets. Racemes of globular,
fragrant, bright yellow flower heads
are borne in winter-spring. H 50ft (15m),
S 50ft (15m).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-1

Hedera helix 'Oro di Bogliasco'

Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging
climber or trailing perennial bearing
5-lobed, dark green leaves with bright
yellow centers. Is slow to establish,
then grows rapidly; is not suitable
for groundcover. H 20ft (6m).

Itea ilicifolia

Evergreen, bushy shrub with arching
shoots and oval, sharply toothed, glossy,
dark green leaves. Long, catkin-like
racemes of small, greenish flowers
appear in late summer and early fall.

H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 10ft (3m).

6 ® Z6—li Hii-i

6 ® Z5-11 H12-6

6 Z7-9 H9-7

211

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLIMBERS AND WALL
SHRUBS

served.

PERENNIALS

One of the largest plant groups, perennials offer seasonal color,
fragrance, form and texture, with a wealth of plants to suit
every size and style of garden. They are traditionally grown
in herbaceous borders, using a wall or hedge as the backdrop
for the main summer display, but since most gardens are not
large enough for long borders solely devoted to perennials, they
are usually grown in mixed borders, together with shrubs,
annuals, biennials, and bulbs that extend the seasons of interest.

Although some perennials are evergreen, most die back in fall
and emerge again in spring. While this can leave borders bare in
winter, the seedheads and dried stems of some perennials,
including rudbeckias, echinops, and sedums, provide
a beautiful display when others have disappeared.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

One of the largest and most versatile plant groups, perennials offer
a seasonally changing diversity of color, fragrance, form, and texture.
The choice of perennials is vast, and there is a huge choice to suit any
garden style, from traditional to modern.

SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP

Large

Medium

Small

over 4ft

2—4ft

up to 2ft

(1.2m)

(60cm-1.2m)

(60cm)

214

What are perennials?

Perennials are nonwoody plants that live
for two or more years and, when mature,
produce flowers annually. The term often
includes grasses and ferns. Although
some perennials are evergreen, most
are herbaceous and will die back each
fall, emerging again in spring.

Choosing perennials

When making your selections, first check
that the plants suit the climate, exposure,
soil type, and light levels in your garden.
Plants struggling in unsuitable conditions
will not fulfill their intended purpose if
they fail to flower or grow to fill their
allotted space. The best results are usually
achieved by grouping plants with similar

cultivation needs; you may also find
inspiration for garden planting schemes by
looking at natural landscapes for symbiotic
planting groups. For example, a deciduous
woodland may feature a range of shade-
loving ferns that marry well together.

When perennials are massed together in
borders, consider their eventual height and
spread to ensure vigorous types do not
overshadow or swamp more delicate plants.

Designing with
perennials

Long herbaceous borders, often 10ft (3m)
or more in depth, flanked by mowed lawn
and backed by a wall or hedge, were
traditionally planted with perennials

’ *JT %> ^ 1

■Vj 4 Jr

’ hi

M

'TV|S’ •

that create a spectacular display in summer.
Today, many people do not have space for
such a scheme, and perennials are now
more commonly used in smaller beds and
borders with other plants, such as shrubs,
bulbs, and annuals. However, the design
ideas employed in these large borders can
be used in more modest schemes, with tall
plants sited at the back, midrange types in
the middle, and compact perennials planted
at the front, ensuring that all can be seen
clearly and no plants are obscured by taller
neighbors. Plants are grouped in swaths of
three or more of the same species, which
lends borders a visual unity and rhythm.

Groups of tall verbascums, eupatoriums,
and delphiniums create a backdrop for the
border plants in front, while low, ground¬
covering perennials such as Cerastium
tomentosum and Stachys byzantina are
ideal at the front. Superb effects can then
be created by using large specimens as
a focal points, especially those that have
an architectural form, such as cardoons
(■Cynara cardunculus) and bear's breeches
(Acanthus], or a tall grass such as a
miscanthus or Stipa gigantea.

Introduce variety of shape and texture
by combining the rounded forms of sedums
and geraniums with the upright spires of
Kniphofia or salvias, for instance, or finely-
cut Corydalis flexuosa leaves with the

ABOVE Frosted seedheads

Most perennials die down in winter, leaving borders
bare, but a few, such as Echinacea purpurea 'Kim's
Knee High’ form decorative seedheads that remain
for many months in winter.

LEFT Contrasting colors and forms

This design focuses on matching the blues and yellows
of delphiniums, echinops, salvias, Thalictrum flavum
subsp. glaucum, nepetas, verbascums, and foxgloves.
Contrasting flower forms intensify the effect.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DIVIDING PERENNIALS

bolder outlines of hostas in shady areas.

Or use the stems of bleeding heart ( Dicentra
spectabilis) and Polygonatum x hybridum to
gracefully arch over shorter plants, such as
heucheras and Alchemilla mollis.

When making your selections, consider
the foliage shape, form, and texture as
well as flower colors. The boldly pleated
foliage of veratrums and delicate, pinnate
leaves of Polemonium caeruleum are worthy
of consideration, while furry verbascums
are seductively tactile.

The disadvantage of planting herbaceous
perennials is that the garden looks bare in
winter, unless you plant sturdy types with
long-lasting seedheads, such as sedum.

ABOVE Contrasting foliage

In damp, dappled shade, elegant contrasts of foliage
form and texture create an atmosphere of lush
abundance. A selection of bergenias, hostas, ferns,
and ligularias are included in this lush scheme.

rudbeckias, and many grasses. These can
be left to stand and provide interest until
new shoots appear in spring. Prairie-style
schemes use these types of plants for year-
round interest; rather than planting in long
borders, perennials and grasses are used
in large bold groups, with tall see-through
plants in front of shorter ones. Just a
few plant species are used, and repeated
to mirror nature. The effects of prairie
schemes are best seen in larger gardens.

STAKING BORDER PERENNIALS

Many tall perennials, such as delphiniums and achilleas, become top-heavy and
require some form of support. If you provide plant supports early in the season,
the plants will grow through and disguise them. Plants staked at a later date,
especially once they have already flopped, always tend to look trussed up.

This easy method of propagation can be used
to propagate most herbaceous perennials as
well as to rejuvenate large, tired clumps that
are no longer flowering well. You can also
divide newly bought perennials, provided
they are large enough and have clearly divisible
stems, to make the most of your purchases.
Most perennials can be divided in fall or early
spring just as the shoots appear.

I Dig up the plant

In early spring, select a clump of plants and
water them well. Cut back any old top growth to
the ground. Using a fork, lift the clump of plants,
taking great care to keep the whole rootball intact.

2 Divide with forks

Cut solid crowns into portions with a spade
or old bread knife. If you cannot pry other pieces
apart by hand, use two forks held back-to-back
to split the clump into smaller sections.

Using canes

Bamboo canes are ideal for
supporting tall flowers such as
delphiniums. Use soft twine to
tie the stems to the supports.

Using twiggy sticks

Plants with moundlike growth
will grow through and be
supported by twiggy sticks
placed around stems in spring.

Using metal spirals

Metal spirals provide good
support for perennials such
as this Pimpinella and also
make decorative features.

3 Replant the divisions

Discard the dead central portions of overgrown
clumps. Replant healthy, hand-sized pieces with
strong buds in soil improved with well-rotted organic
matter, such as manure. Water in well.

215

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

LARGE

SUMMER

WHITE

Sanguisorba ten infolia 'Alba'

Clump-forming, upright perennial
with branched, slender stems and
pinnate, toothed leaves. Pendent,
bottlebrush-like spikes of fluffy, white
flowers are borne in late summer.

H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm).

Romneya coulteri (Tree poppy)

Vigorous, bushy, subshrubby perennial,
grown for its large, fragrant, white
flowers, with prominent centers of
golden stamens, that appear in late
summer. Has deeply divided, gray
leaves. H and S 6ft (2m).

A Z9-7 H7-1

Crambe cordifolia

Robust perennial with clouds of
small, fragrant, white flowers borne
in branching sprays in summer
above mounds of large, crinkled
and lobed, dark green leaves.

H to 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z8-10 H9-2

Epilobium angustifolium f. album

(White rosebay)

Vigorous, upright perennial bearing
sprays of pure white flowers along
wandlike stems in late summer.

Leaves are small and lance-shaped.
May spread rapidly. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m),
S 20in (50cm) or more.

PINK

Eremurus robustus

Upright perennial with straplike leaves
that die back during summer as huge
racemes of cup-shaped, pink blooms
appear. Cover crowns in winter with
compost or straw. Needs staking.

H to 10ft (3m), S to 4ft (1.2m).

I feratrum nigrum
(Black false hellebore)

Erect, stately perennial that from late
summer onward bears long spikes of
chocolate-purple flowers at the ends
of sturdy, upright stems. Stems are
clothed with ribbed, oval to narrowly
oval leaves. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm).

PURPLE

Cynara cardunculus (Cardoon)

Stately perennial with large clumps
of arching, pointed, divided, silver-
gray leaves, above which rise large,
thistle-like, blue-purple flower heads
borne singly on sturdy, gray stems
in summer. Flower heads dry well.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).

6 z7-io H9-i

&: 6 Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

A ® Z6-9 H9-6

Artemisia lactiflora (White mugwort)

Vigorous, erect perennial. Many sprays
of creamy-white buds open to off-white
flowers in summer. Dark green leaves
are jagged-toothed. Needs staking
and is best as a foil to stronger colors.

H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 20in (50cm).

Impatiens tinctoria

Vigorous, upright, tuberous perennial
with fleshy, branched stems and oval,
toothed, dark green leaves. In late
summer produces large, night-scented,
white-and-purple flowers. Needs shelter
and fertile soil. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm).

216

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Hll-l

Macleaya microcarpa
'Kelway's Coral Plume'

Clump-forming perennial that in
summer produces branching spikes of
rich pink-buff flowers. Large, rounded,
lobed leaves are gray-green above,
gray-white beneath. H 6-8ft (2-2.5m),

S 3-4ft (1-1.2m).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Phormium 'Dazzler'

Evergreen, upright perennial with
tufts of bold, stiff, pointed leaves in
tones of yellow, salmon-pink, orange-red
and bronze. Bluish-purple stems carry
panicles of reddish flowers in summer.

H 6-8ft (2-2.5m) in flower, S 3ft (lm).

0 A Z9-11 HI 1-2

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DELPHINIUMS

Delphiniums make a bold statement in summer gardens,
with their elegant, showy spires of single or double flowers.
Their classic color is blue, but hybrids are now available in
a broad range of colors, from white and pastel shades of
pink and lilac, to rich mauves, violet-purples, and new red
selections. Grow tall delphiniums in a mixed border or island
bed, and dwarf types in a rock garden. Plants thrive in full
sun and well-drained soil, and apart from dwarf species
and cultivars, all require staking to support their heavy
flower spikes. In growth, water all plants freely, applying
a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-3 weeks. Deadhead
by cutting spent flower spikes back to small, flowering
side shoots. Protect plants from slugs and snails.

D. 'Gillian Dallas' (D D. ‘Can-Can' (D

D. 'Olive Poppleton' ® D. 'Sandpiper' ®

D. 'Langdon's Royal Flush' ®

D. 'Min' ®

D. 'Cliveden Beauty' ®

D. 'Red Caroline' ® D. 'Lucia Sahin' ® D. 'Michael Ayres' ® D. 'Alice Artindale' ® D. ‘Loch Leven' ®

LARGE

Calega x hartlandii 'Lady Wilson'

Vigorous, upright perennial with
spikes of small, pealike, blue and
pinkish-white flowers in summer above
bold leaves divided into oval leaflets.
Needs staking. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

& 6 Z5-11 HU-5

Meconopsis grandis
(Himalyan Blue poppy)

Erect perennial with oblong, slightly
toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves produced
in rosettes at the base. Sturdy stems bear
slightly nodding, cup-shaped, deep blue
flowers in early summer. Divide every 2-3
years. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m), S 12in (30cm).

A S3 Z5-8 H8-5

Thalictrum 'Elin'

Clump-forming perennial with fernlike,
blue-green leaves. Erect, sturdy,
purplish-green stems bear billowing
panicles of tiny, fluffy, creamy-yellow
and purple flowers in summer.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm) or more.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

HIMALAYAN POPPIES

With delicate flowers in a wide range
of colors, including beautiful shades
of sky blue, Meconopsis (Himalayan
poppies] are striking garden plants.
Some also have attractive rosettes of
foliage that develop slowly before the
first flowers appear. Many are suited to
moist, woodland conditions in light or
partial shade, and acidic, well-drained
soil; others are best treated as alpines in
raised beds or troughs. All prefer cooler
conditions. Most of the big blue poppy
cultivars are sterile and very long-lived.
Other Meconopsis are monocarpic
perennials, living for a few years before
flowering, setting seed, and then dying.

M. baileyi 'Alba' M. 'Marit' M. Fertile Blue Group 'Lingholm' M. 'Jimmy Bayne' M. napaulensis of gardens

M. x cookei 'Old Rose' M. Infertile Blue Group M. Infertile Blue Group

'Slieve Donard' 'Crewdson Hybrid'

GREEN

YELLOW

Angelica archangelica (Angelica)

Upright perennial, usually grown as
a biennial, with deeply divided, bright
green leaves and white or green flowers
in late summer. Stems have culinary
usage and when crystallized may be
used for confectionery decoration.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Acanthus mollis 'Hollard's Gold'

Semievergreen perennial with large,
oval, deeply cut, glossy leaves. New
leaves are golden-yellow, fading to
green. Spires of white and mauve
flowers are borne in summer.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z7-11 HI1-7

Inula magnifica

Robust, clump-forming, upright
perennial with a mass of lance-shaped
to elliptic, rough leaves. Leafy stems
bear terminal heads of large, daisylike,
yellow flower heads in late summer.
Needs staking. H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Ferula communis (Giant fennel)

Upright perennial. Large, cow-parsley-
like umbels of yellow flowers are borne
from late spring to summer on the
tops of stems that arise from a mound
of finely cut, mid-green foliage.

H 6-7ft (2-2.3m), S 3-lft (1-1,2m).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Delphinium 'Sungleam'

Elatum Group herbaceous perennial
with spikes, 16-30in (40-75cm) long,
of semidouble, white flowers, 2-3in
(5-7cm) across, overlaid with pale
yellow and with yellow eyes, produced
in mid-summer. H 5!4-6ft (1.7-2m),

S 24-36in (60-90cm).

0 6 © Z3-7 H8-3

Musa basjoo (Japanese banana)

Evergreen, palmlike, suckering perennial
with arching leaves to 3ft (lm) long.

Has drooping, pale yellow flowers with
brownish bracts in summer followed
by green fruits. H 10-15ft (3-5m),

S 6-8ft (2-2.5m).

0 £> Z8-11 Hll-8

Verbascum olympicum

Semievergreen, rosette-forming
biennial or short-lived perennial.
Branching stems, arising from felt¬
like, gray foliage at the plant base,
bear sprays of 5-lobed, bright golden
flowers from mid-summer onward.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Ligularia 'The Rocket'

Clump-forming perennial with
triangular, deeply toothed leaves
on tall stems. In summer produces
dark-stemmed racemes of daisylike,
bright yellow flower heads.

H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (lm).

0 A Z4—8 H8-1

219

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

LARGE

SUMMER

FALL

ORANGE

WHITE

Heliopsis helianthoides var. sea bra
'Light of Loddon'

Upright perennial bearing dahlia-like,
double, bright orange flower heads
on strong stems in late susmmer. Dark
green leaves are coarse and serrated.

H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).

■-0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Hedycbium x moorei 'Tara'

Erect, rhizomatous perennial with
stout, leafy stems bearing lance-shaped,
gray-green leaves. Cylindrical racemes
of tubular, spidery, scented, orange
flowers, with prominent stamens,
are borne in late summer. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 2ft (60cm) or more.

Cimicifuga simplex

Upright perennial with arching spikes
of tiny, slightly fragrant, star-shaped,
white flowers in fall. Leaves are
glossy and divided. Needs staking.

H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 24in (60cm).

PINK

Thalictrum delavayi 'Hewitt's Double'

Clump-forming perennial with fernlike,
mid-green leaves. Bears large billowing
panicles of tiny, double, lavender flowers
from late summer to fall. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 24in (60cm) or more.

6 Z8—10 H10-8

A Z4—8 Hii-i

6 Z4—7 H7-1

Veronicastrum virginicum
'Fascination'

Upright perennial with stout stems
bearing erect racemes of tiny, star¬
shaped, mauve flowers, which are darker
at the tips, in mid- and late summer.

Has lance-shaped, whorled, dark green
leaves. H 5ft (1.5cm), S 16in (40cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-3

220

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

<k Z4—9 H9-1

6 ® Z4-8 H8-5

Eremurus x isabellinus 'Cleopatra'

Clump-forming perennial with narrowly
strap-shaped, soft green leaves. In
summer produces stout, dense spikes
of star-shaped, coppery-orange flowers.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm).

Leucanthemella serotina

Erect perennial with lance-shaped,
toothed, dark green leaves. Leafy
stems produce sprays of large,
green-centered, white flower heads
in late fall. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (90cm).

Anemone x hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'

Vigorous branching perennial. Slightly
cupped, white flowers with contrasting
yellow stamens are carried on wiry
stems in late summer and early fall
above deeply divided, dark green leaves.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Salvia involucrata 'Bethellii'

Subshrubby perennial that produces
long racemes of large, cerise-crimson
blooms, with pink bracts, in late summer
and fall. Leaves are oval to heart-shaped.
H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

6 zn-15 H12-10

PURPLE

Eupatorium maculatum 'Riesenschirm'

Upright, deciduous perennial with

rounded, fluffy, purple-pink flower heads
in late summer, which are attractive to
insects. Oval to lance-shaped, reddish-
green leaves are arranged in whorls up
purple stems. Is superb for the back of
a deep border. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m).

0 A Z5-11 H9-1

Verbena bonariensis

Perennial with a basal clump of
dark green leaves. Upright, wiry
stems carry tufts of tiny, purplish-
blue flowers in summer-fall.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).

6 Z7-11 H12-7

ECHINACEA

Admired for their cone and daisylike
flowers. Echinacea cultivars have
expanded their repertoire; while once
they were restricted to purple, pink,
and white, a range of green, orange,
yellow, and red flowers are now
available, as well as double-flowered
forms. They create bold and beautiful
late summer and early fall displays,
and the faded flower heads also offer
structural interest into winter. Grow
plants in well-drained, humus-rich soil
in full sun, although they will tolerate
some shade. Protect young plants
from slug and snail damage.

E. 'Harvest Moon'

E. angustifolia

E. paradoxa

E. purpurea 'Doubledecker' E. purpurea 'Razzmatazz'

E. purpurea 'Coconut Lime' E. purpurea 'Fragrant Angel' £ purpurea 'Magnus'

£ purpurea 'Sundown'

LARGE

JAPANESE ANEMONES

These useful plants fill the late summer and early fall
garden with single or double flowers held on slender
stems above handsome, divided, groundcovering foliage.
The blooms are available in white and shades of pink
and purple and are ideal for the middle to back of mixed
borders, and in woodland gardens, injecting interest
when many other flowers have faded. Border anemones
are easy to grow, and thrive in a wide range of soil
conditions and in sun or light shade. Once the plants
are established, they develop into large clumps,
which can be lifted and divided in fall or spring.

A. hupehensis var. japonica
'Bressingham Clow' (D

A. x hybrida 'Robustissima'

A. hupehensis vat. japonica
'Pamina'

A. x hybrida
'Konigin Charlotte'

A. hupehensis 'Praecox'

A. x hybrida
'September Charm' (D

A. x hybrida 'Whirlwind' A. hupehensis 'Bowles's Pink'

FALL

Helianthus x multiflorus
Loddon Gold'

Upright perennial bearing showy,
large, vivid deep yellow flower heads
with rounded, double centers in late
summer and early fall. Needs staking
and may spread quickly. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 2ft (60cm).

YELLOW

Helianthus 'Lemon Queen'

Vigorous, upright, rhizomatous
perennial with stout, branched stems
bearing oval, rough, dark green leaves.
Bears masses of large, daisylike, pale
yellow flower heads in summer-fall.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm) or more.

Rudbeckia laciniata 'Goldquelle'

Erect perennial. In late summer and
fall, daisylike, double, bright yellow
flower heads with green centers are
borne singly on stout stems. Has
deeply divided, mid-green foliage.

H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 2-2V 2 ft (60-75cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

& 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Helianthus salicifolius
(Willow-leaved sunflower)

Upright, clump-forming perennial
grown for its whorls of lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. Clusters of daisylike,
yellow flowers are borne on branching
stems in fall. Is best at the back of a
border. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

bley. All Rights Reserved.

MEDIUM

SPRING

WHITE

PINK

PURPLE

Smilacina racemosa

(False spikenard)

Arching perennial. Has oval, light green
leaves terminating in feathery sprays of
white flowers that appear from spring to
mid-summer and are followed by fleshy,
reddish fruits. H 30-36in (75-90cm),

S 18in (45cm).

Polygonatum x hybridum

(Solomon's seal)

Arching, leafy perennial with fleshy
rhizomes. In late spring, clusters of
small, pendent, tubular, greenish-white
flowers are produced in axils of neat,
oval leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

Ranunculus aconitifolius

Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
with deeply divided, dark green leaves.
Single, white flowers, about lin (3cm)
across, are borne in spring and early
summer. H and S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Dicentra spectabilis

(Bleeding heart, Dutchman's trousers)

Leafy perennial forming a hummock
of fernlike, mid-green foliage, above
which rise arching stems of pendent,
heart-shaped, pinkish-red and white
flowers in late spring and summer.

H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

-$fc A Z4-9 H9-1

6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Dicentra spectabilis f. alba

Leafy perennial forming a hummock
of fernlike, deeply cut, light green foliage
with arching sprays of pendent,
heart-shaped, pure white flowers
in late spring and summer. H 24-30in
(60-75cm), S 24in (60cm).

Diascia personata

Semievergreen, semi-erect perennial
with masses of lobed, dusky-pink flowers
held in spires from late spring to the
first frosts. Small, narrowly ovate, mid¬
green leaves are borne on rather lax,
brittle stems, which require support.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).

6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 Z8-9 H9-7

Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata
'Black Barlow'

Clump-forming, perennial with mid-green
leaves divided into lobed leaflets. In later
spring and early summer bears dark
purple, bell-shaped flowers, with no spurs,
and spreading petals in shades of blue or
pink. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Geranium phaeum

(Mourning widow)

Clump-forming perennial with lobed,
soft green leaves and maroon-purple
flowers, with reflexed petals, borne
on rather lax stems in late spring.

H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-1

223

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

224

IRISES

Few other perennials show such diversity of flower color
as irises; and you will find one for almost every position in
the garden. They have a long flowering season, the earliest
appearing in the first months of the year, the latest in
early fall. Their flowers often have "beards" (short hairs)
or crests that add to their appeal, while a few are grown
for their foliage or seed heads. The genus is classified into
many divisions. Of these, the easiest to grow are the bearded,
crested, and Xiphium irises. Siberian and Japanese types
are ideal for bog gardens or watersides, but they will tolerate
drier sites. Juno, Oncocyclus, and Regelia irises are more
difficult to grow, though their beautiful flowers are worth
the effort. For more information, see the Plant Dictionary.

I. 'Ringo' © [bearded]

I. ensata 'Rose Queen' (D /. japonica © [Evansia]
[bearded]

I. 'Bold Print' © [bearded] /. 'Autumn Circus' © [bearded]

/. 'Green Spot' © [bearded]

I. hoogiana © [Regelia] /. x robusta 'Gerald Darby' ©

[beardless]

I. confusa © [crested]

I. ensata 'Moonlight Waves' © /. 'Mountain Lake' © [Siberian] I. cristata © [Evansia]
[beardless]

I. 'Dreaming Yellow' ©

[Siberian]

I. 'Champagne Elegance' © I. sanguinea 'Snow Queen' ©

[bearded] [beardless]

/. unguicularis subsp. cretensis /. 'Oriental Eyes' © [beardless]
® [beardless]

I. magnifica © [Juno]

/. germanica 'Florentina' ©

[bearded]

I. bucharica © [Juno]

I. 'Frost and Flame' © [bearded] I. orientalis © [beardless] /. 'English Cottage' © [bearded] /. 'Deep Black' © [bearded]

■ ^ vi

I. variegata (D [bearded] /. winogradowii (D [Reticulata]

I. 'Joyce' (D [Reticulata]

I. 'Eyebright' (D

I. 'Bumblebee Deelite' (D I. pseudacorus CD [beardless]

I. versicolor 'Kermesina' (D [beardless]

/. 'Ola Kala' (D [bearded]

/. 'Perry's Blue' CD [beardless]

/. 'Berlin Tiger' CD [beardless]

I. sibirica 'Papillon' (D [Siberian]

I. sibirica 'Soft Blue' CD

I. 'Katharine Hodgkin' CD

[Reticulata]

I. reticulata 'Cantab' CD

[Reticulata]

I. 'Kent Pride' CD [bearded] /. 'Holden Clough' CD

[beardless]

/. sibirica 'Shirley Pope' CD [Siberian]

I. chrysographes CD [Siberian] /. 'Blue Rhythm' CD [bearded] I. foetidissima ® [beardless] /. 'Carnaby' CD [bearded]

m/JJ

jJ. \ 1 /

LfMf

jm t

IMS

r f\h

AQUILEGIAS

Commonly known as columbines, Aquilegia are ideal
cottage garden plants, well suited to growing in borders,
rock gardens, and as fillers between summer-flowering
shrubs. Most are graceful, elegant plants with divided basal
foliage topped in late spring and summer by a succession
of delicate, bell-shaped, usually spurred flowers, although
some have rounded double blooms. They vary in color
from light and dark blue, purple, almost black, dark red,
and pink, to orange, yellow, and white; many are bicolored.
Aquilegia thrive in moist but well-drained soil, and full
sun or dappled shade. They are normally raised from seed,
which is freely produced, and once established, they tend
to self-seed, although most do not come true to type.

A. vulgaris var. stellata A. flabellata var. pumila

'Ruby Port'

A. vulgaris 'Nivea' A. 'Dragonfly' A. coerulea A. 'Bunting' (Songbird Series)

A. viridiflora A. vulgaris var. stellata 'Nora Barlow' A. chrysantha A. longissima A. canadensis

MEDIUM

SPRING

Symphytum x uplandicum
'Variegatum'

Perennial with large, hairy, gray-green
leaves that have broad, cream margins.
In late spring and early summer, pink
or blue buds open to tubular, blue
or purplish-blue flowers. H 3ft (lm),

S 24in (60cm).

Iris 'Butter and Sugar'

Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris
with large, yellow and white flowers
produced from late spring to early
summer. H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.

BLUE

YELLOW

Chelidonium majus 'Flore Pleno'

Upright perennial with divided,
bright green leaves and many cup¬

shaped, double, yellow flowers borne
on branching sprays in late spring and
early summer. Seeds freely and is best
in a wild garden. H 24-30in (60-90cm),
S 12in (30cm).

Doronicum columnae 'Miss Mason'

Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
with heart-shaped leaves. Slender stems
bear daisylike, bright yellow flower
heads, 3in (8cm) across, held well above
the foliage, in mid- and late spring.

H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Asphodeline lutea (Yellow asphodel)

Neat, clump-forming perennial that
bears dense spikes of star-shaped,
yellow flowers amid narrow, gray-green
leaves in late spring. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),

S 2-3ft (60cm-lm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Aciphylla aurea (Golden Spaniard)

Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
with long, bayonet-like, yellow-green
leaves. Bears spikes of golden flowers
up to 6ft (2m) tall from late spring to
early summer. H and S in leaf 24-30in
(60-75cm).

0 (k ® Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 Z8—11 HI1-8

Symphytum caucasicum

Clump-forming perennial carrying
clusters of pendent, azure-blue flowers
in spring above rough, hairy, mid-green
foliage. Is best suited to a wild garden.

H and S 24-36in (60-90cm).

Paeonia mlokosewitschii

Clump-forming perennial with soft
bluish-green leaves, sometimes edged
reddish-purple. Produces large, single,
lemon-yellow flowers in late spring and
early summer. H and S 30in (75cm).

Euphorbia rigida

Mound-forming, evergreen perennial
with semi-upright stems with whorls
of lance-shaped, blue-green leaves.
Terminal umbels of bright yellow-
green flowers are borne in spring.

H 24in (60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

0 (k ® Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 ® Z7-11 HI 1-7

227

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PEONIES

Peonies {Paeonia species and cultivars) are valued for their
showy blooms, filling borders with whites, pinks, yellows, and
reds in late spring and early to mid-summer. Flowers include
single, double, or anemone forms (with broad, outer petals
and a mass of petaloids in the center); some are scented. They
may need support when in full bloom and make good cut
flowers. The foliage is striking, too, often tinged bronze when
young and rich red in fall. As well as many attractive species
and a wide range of herbaceous hybrids, there are several
tree peonies (cultivars of P. suffruticosa ), and intersectional
hybrids, which are crosses between the latter two. Peonies
prefer sun but will tolerate light shade, and need rich, well-
drained soil. These long-lived plants resent transplanting
and are best left undisturbed.

P. ‘Sarah Bernhardt' ©

[double]

P. suffruticosa 'Hana-kisoi' (D

[tree peony]

P. 'Kelway's Fairy Queen' [semidouble]

P. suffruticosa 'Hakuo-jisi' P. 'White Wings' (D [single]
[tree peony]

P. 'Whitleyi Major' ® [single] P. 'Shirley Temple' (D [double] P. 'Bowl of Beauty' (D

[anemone]

P. 'Cheddar Gold' [semidouble] P. 'Festiva Maxima' [double]

P. suffruticosa 'Yachiyo-tsubaki' [tree peony]

P. obovata var. alba ®

P. japonica [single]

P. 'Jan van Leeuwen'

P. emodi (J

*1

A Vi T <• Jr ^ 3 fpT\

W

r * 1

C ]

I

P. 'Lady Alexandra Duff'

[semidouble]

L

- i

i

rv 1

\ \

!L ^

■ A |

f \ 1 *■ ^ ^

' . * ^>1

4 y A^NA A' f

8

8 V' \

'AT

lIlliF IL

■ l

^ it

i k A

I A

si 1

! li w

1 8

V jC

■*<

P^A. V

P. suffrutixcosa 'Rimpo' [tree peony]

P. 'Kelway's Gorgeous' ®

[single]

P. 'Magic Orb' ® [double] P. suffruticosa 'Cardinal Vaughan' © [semidouble]

P. 'Bartzella' [double]

P. 'America' © [single]

P. 'Laura Dessert' (D [double] P. 'Claire de Lune' [single]

P. 'Paul M. Wild' [double]

P. 'Knighthood' (D

P. x lemoinei 'L'Esperance' ©

[single]

P. officinalis 'Rubra Plena' © P. peregrina 'Otto Froebel' ®

[double] [single]

P. 'Felix Crousse' [double]

P. veitchii © [single]

P. 'Garden Treasure' [tree peony]

P. x lemoinei 'High Noon'

[tree peony]

P. 'Buckeye Belle' [semidouble]

P. 'Thunderbolt' [single]

P. ludlowii ® [single]

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Ranunculus aconitifolius
'Flore Pleno'

Clump-forming perennial with deeply
divided, dark green leaves. Double,
pure white flowers are borne on strong,
branched stems in spring-summer.

H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 A Z5-9 H9-5

Libertia grandiflora
(New Zealand satin flower)

Loosely clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. In early summer produces
spikes of white flowers above grasslike,
dark green leaves that turn brown at
the tips. Has decorative seed pods
in fall. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

Leucanthemum x superbum 'Aglaia'

Robust perennial with large, daisylike,
semidouble, yellow-centered, pure
white flower heads, on stout, upright
stems, borne singly in early summer.
Has spoon-shaped, toothed, glossy,
dark green leaves. H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm).

Asphodelus albus (White asphodel)

Upright perennial with clusters
of star-shaped, white flowers borne
in late spring and early summer. Has
narrow, basal tufts of mid-green leaves.
H 3ft (lm), S lVfeft (45cm).

0 - 6 Z7-ii hii-7

Phlox paniculata 'Mount Fuji'

Upright perennial with star-shaped,
white flowers borne in conical heads in
late summer. Has oval, mid-green leaves.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

0 £> Z8-11 HI1-8

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

0 C) Z4-8 H8-1

Dictamnus albus var. albus

(Dittany, gas plant)

Upright perennial bearing, in early
summer, spikes of fragrant, star-shaped,
white flowers with long stamens.

Light green leaves are divided into
oval leaflets. Dislikes disturbance.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-3

Selinum wallichianum

Upright, architectural perennial with
dainty, long-lasting, lacy umbels of
star-shaped, white flowers, borne
on leafy, branched stems, in mid-
and late summer. Has very finely
divided, fernlike, bright green leaves.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 16in (40cm).

0 £) Z4—7 H7-4

Hesperis matronalis
(Dame's rocket, sweet rocket)

Upright perennial with long spikes
of many 4-petaled, white or violet
flowers borne in summer. Flowers
have a strong fragrance in the evening.
Leaves are smooth and narrowly oval.
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Myrrhis odorata (Sweet Cicely)

Graceful perennial that resembles
cow parsley. Has aromatic, fernlike,
mid-green foliage and fragrant, bright
creamy-white flowers in early summer.
H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Aruncus dioicus 'Kneiffii'

Hummock-forming perennial that has
deeply cut, feathery leaves with lance¬
shaped leaflets on elegant stems and
bears branching plumes of tiny, star¬
shaped, creamy-white flowers in mid¬
summer. H 3ft (90cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Ageratina altissima (Hardy age,
Mist flower, White snakeroot)

Erect perennial with nettle-like,
gray-green leaves. In late summer
bears dense, flat, white flower heads.
H 4ft (1.2m), S PM (45cm).

0 (k Z4-8 H8-2

Gypsophila paniculate 'Bristol Fairy'

Perennial with small, dark green leaves
and wiry, branching stems bearing
panicles of tiny, double, white flowers in
summer. H 2-2V 2 ft (60-75cm), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

Nicotiana alata

Rosette-forming perennial, often grown
as an annual, that in late summer bears
clusters of tubular, creamy-white
flowers, pale brownish-violet externally,
which are fragrant at night. Has oval,
mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z10-11 Hll-l

Leucanthemum x superbum
'Sonnenschein'

Erect perennial with large, daisylike,
single, creamy-yellow flower heads, each
with a darker yellow center, borne from
mid- to late summer. Has spoon-shaped,
toothed, dark green leaves. May need
staking. H 36in (90cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Morina longifolia

Evergreen perennial that produces
rosettes of large, spiny, thistle-like, rich
green leaves. Whorls of hooded, tubular,
white flowers, flushed pink within, are
borne well above foliage in mid-summer.
H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Anaphalis triplinervis 'Sommerschnee'

Variable, clump-forming perennial with
obovate to elliptic, white-woolly leaves,
prominently 3-veined. In mid- to late
summer produces clusters of yellow-
centered flower heads with bright
silvery-white bracts. H 20in (50cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Cillenia trifoliata

Upright perennial with many wiry,
branching stems carrying clusters
of dainty, white flowers with reddish-
brown calyces in summer. Leaves are
dark green and lance-shaped. Needs
staking. Thrives in most situations.

H 3-4ft (1-1,2m), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-3

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Anaphalis margaritacea

(Pearly everlasting)

Bushy perennial that has lance-shaped,
gray-green or silvery-gray leaves with
white margins and many heads of
small, white flowers on erect stems
in late summer. Flower heads dry well.
H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Valeriana officinalis

(Cat's valerian, Common valerian)

Clump-forming, fleshy perennial that
bears spikes of white to deep pink
flowers in summer. Leaves are deeply
toothed and mid-green. Has the
disadvantage of attracting cats.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Caura lindheimeri

Bushy perennial with racemes of
star-shaped, 4-petaled, butterfly-like,
pink-tinged or white flowers, borne on
wand-like stems, in summer. Leaves
are lance-shaped and mid-green. Grows
well with grasses and other dainty
perennials. H 5ft (1.5m), S 36in (90cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

231

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

ASTI LB ES

These elegant, colorful, tough perennials are useful
plants for moist sites. Their feathery plumes open
mainly in summer and are composed of hundreds,
sometimes thousands, of tiny flowers that create
diverse forms, from dense and upright to open and
arching. Colors range from white through shades
of pink to deep reds and purples. The blooms are set
against neatly lobed or divided foliage, which, in some
cultivars, has attractive metallic, bronze, or red tints.

All prefer moist soil—they tolerate clay well—in sun
or partial shade, and they make compact clumps in
bog or waterside gardens. Watch out for signs of plant
collapse as astilbes are susceptible to vine weevil attack.

A. 'Deutschland' A. 'Straussenfeder' A. x crispa 'Perkeo'

A. 'Europa' A. 'Feuer' A. 'Montgomery'

A. 'Irrlicht' A. 'Granat' A. 'Amethyst'

SUMMER

PINK

Linaria purpurea 'Canon J. Went'

Upright perennial bearing spikes

of snapdragon-like, pink blooms with
orange-tinged throats from mid- to
late summer. Has narrow, gray-green
leaves. H 2-3ft (60cm-lm), S 2ft (60cm).

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Tanacetum coccineum
'Eileen May Robinson'

Upright perennial with slightly
aromatic, feathery leaves. Daisylike,
pink flowers with yellow centers are
produced on strong stems in summer.
H to 30in (75cm), S to 18in (45cm).

Lupinus 'The Chatelaine'

Clump-forming perennial carrying
spikes of pink-and-white flowers above

divided, mid-green foliage in early
summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Malva moschata

Bushy, branching perennial producing
successive spikes of saucer-shaped,
rose-pink flowers during early summer.
Narrow, lobed, divided leaves are
slightly scented. H 2-3ft (60cm-lm),

S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Centaurea pulcherrima

Upright perennial with deeply cut,
silvery leaves. Rose-pink flower heads,
with thistle-like centers paler than
surrounding star-shaped ray petals,
are borne singly on slender stems in
summer. H 2!4ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

6 Z4-8 H8-1

sley. All Rights Reserved.

Mira bilis jalapa

(Four o'clock flower, Marvel of Peru)

Bushy, tuberous perennial. Fragrant,
trumpet-shaped, crimson, pink, white
or yellow flowers, opening in evening,
cover mid-green foliage in summer.

H 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m), S 2-2V 2 ft (60-75cm).

0 6 ® Z10-11 HI 1-1

Physostegia virginiana 'Variegata'

Erect perennial. In late summer

produces spikes of tubular, purplish-
pink blooms that can be placed into
position. Toothed, mid-green leaves
are white-variegated. H 3—4ft (1-1.2m),
S 24in (60cm).

Penstemon 'Evelyn'

Semievergreen, bushy perennial with
racemes of small, tubular, pink flowers
produced from mid-summer to mid-
sfall. Broadly lance-shaped leaves
are mid-green. H and S 18in (45cm).

(k Z2-8 H8-1

&: 6 Z7-10 HI 1-3

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
'Thundercloud'

Clump-forming perennial with a
mass of fernlike, silvery-green leaves.
Bunched heads of fluffy, dark lilac
flowers, on sturdy stems, are borne
in summer. H 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm).

Monarda 'Croftway Pink'

Clump-forming perennial carrying
whorls of hooded, soft pink blooms
throughout summer above neat
mounds of aromatic foliage.

H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm).

Geranium psilostemon

Clump-forming perennial that has
broad, deeply cut leaves with good

fall color and many cup-shaped, single,
black-centered, magenta flowers in
mid-summer. H and S 4ft (1.2m).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Sidalcea 'Oberon'

Upright perennial with rounded, deeply
cut leaves divided into narrowly oblong
segments. In summer, produces racemes
of shallowly cup-shaped, clear pink
flowers. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

£>:- 6 Z5—9 H9-5

(k Z4—9 H9-2

6 Z5—7 H8-2

233

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

PINK

Astilbe 'Venus'

Leafy perennial bearing feathery,
tapering plumes of tiny, pale pink
flowers in summer. Foliage is broad
and divided into leaflets; flowers
remain on the plant, dried and brown,
well into winter. Prefers rich soil.

H and S to 3ft (lm).

(k Z3-8 H8-2

Lythrum salicaria 'Feuerkerze'

Clump-forming perennial for a
waterside or bog garden. Bears spikes
of intense rose-red blooms from mid- to
late summer. Small, lance-shaped leaves
are borne on flower stems. H 3ft (lm),

S iy 2 ft (45cm).

0 <k Z4—9 H9-1

Echinacea purpurea 'Robert Bloom'

Upright perennial. Has lance-shaped,
dark green leaves and large, daisylike,
deep crimson-pink flower heads, with
conical, brown centers, borne singly on
strong stems in summer. Needs rich soil.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

Rehmannia elata

Straggling perennial bearing foxglove¬
like, yellow-throated, rose-purple
flowers in leaf axils of notched,
stem-clasping, soft leaves from
early to mid-summer. H 3ft (lm),

S iy 2 ft (45cm). Min. 34°F (1°C).

6 HU-io

PERSICARIA

In recent years Persicaria have
increased in popularity, as gardeners
realize the value of these plants in a
range of different situations. Most
flower profusely for many weeks in
summer, while those with handsome
foliage are prized for the beauty of their
leaves rather than their flowers. Taller
selections are usually self-supporting,
while lower-growing types form
weed-suppressing groundcover. Grow
Persicaria in moist soil in sun or partial
shade; P. bistorta tolerates drier soil.

A word of warning: some, such as
P. 'Red Dragon', can be invasive and
need to be kept under control.

P. 'Red Dragon'

P. campanulata 'Rosenrot'

P. campanulata ®

P. affinis 'Superba'

P. virginiana 'Lance Corporal'

P. polymorpha

P. bistorta 'Superba' ®

P. amplexicaulis 'Firetail' (D P. virginiana 'Painter's Palette' ®

RED

Knautia macedonica

Upright perennial with deeply divided
leaves and many rather lax, branching
stems bearing double, almost globular,
bright crimson flower heads in summer.
Needs staking. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Achillea 'Fanal'

Herbaceous perennial with slightly
grayish-green, fernlike leaves that forms
spreading, drought-resistant clumps.

In early summer bears flat-topped, bold
crimson flower heads that atttract bees
and butterflies. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 £> Z3-9 H9-1

Hedysarum coronarium

(French honeysuckle)

Spreading, shrubby perennial or
biennial. Spikes of pealike, bright
red flowers are produced in summer
above divided, mid-green leaves.

H and S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Phlox paniculata 'Prince of Orange'

Upright perennial with tubular,
5-lobed, orange-red flowers borne
in conical heads in late summer. Has
oval, mid-green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm).

Hemerocallis 'Red Precious'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
bearing small, intensely red flowers,
with a slim, greenish-yellow stripe
on each petal and a golden throat,
in late summer. H and S 20in (50cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-i

A Z3-10 Hll-2

Lychnis chalcedonica

(Jerusalem cross, Maltese cross)

Neat, clump-forming perennial that
bears flat heads of small, vermilion
flowers at the tips of sturdy stems in
early summer. Foliage is mid-green.

H 3-4ft (1-1,2m), S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Monarda 'Cambridge Scarlet'

Clump-forming perennial that
throughout summer bears whorls
of hooded, rich red flowers above
neat mounds of aromatic, hairy foliage.
H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm).

<k Z3-9 H9-1

Papaver orientate
'Beauty of Livermere'

Hairy-leaved perennial with deep,
fleshy roots. Large, solitary, cup-shaped,
crimson-scarlet flowers, with a black
mark at the base of each petal, are
borne from late spring to mid-summer.
H 3-4ft (1-1,2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

235

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

236

PENSTEMONS

Valued for their racemes of foxglovelike flowers,
penstemons are elegant and reliable border perennials.
Numerous cultivars are available, in colors that include
white, pale and dark pink, warm cherry red, clear blue,
and shades of purple. Many flowers have contrasting white
throats or are streaked with other colors. Penstemons flower
prolifically in summer and the display can be prolonged,
provided the plants are regularly deadheaded. Some taller
cultivars may need staking. All types thrive in well-drained
soil, preferably in full sun. Some are not fully hardy, and
where winters are severe, plants should be overwintered in
a cold frame. Plants are more likely to survive frost if grown
in a sheltered spot and mulched in fall. Penstemons are simple
to propagate, and can easily be raised from cuttings.

P. 'Stromboli' P. 'Hidcote Pink' P. 'Stapleford Gem'

P. fruticosus var. scouleri f. a I bus

P. 'White Bedder'

P. 'Apple Blossom'

P. 'Alice Hindley'

P. 'Margery Fish ' P. 'Flamingo'

P. 'Osprey'

P. kunthii

P. 'Rubicundus'

P. 'Schoenholzeri'

P. 'Russian River'

P. 'Raven'

P. 'Burgundy'

P. 'Hopleys Variegated'

P. 'Pensham lust Jayne'

P. 'Chester Scarlet'

P. heterophyllus 'Heavenly Blue'

P. barbatus

MEDIUM

SUMMER

RED

Astrantia major 'Ruby Wedding'

Clump-forming perennial producing
ruby-red flower heads on tall, slender

stems throughout summer above a mass
of divided, purple-flushed, mid-green
leaves. H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Cosmos atrosanguineus

(Chocolate cosmos)

Upright, tuberous perennial with
chocolate-scented, maroon-crimson
flower heads in late summer. In warm
sites tubers may overwinter if protected.
H 24in (60cm) or more, S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z7-11 HU-1

Filipendula purpurea

Upright perennial with deeply
divided leaves. Produces large,
terminal heads of masses of tiny,
rich reddish-purple flowers in
summer. Makes a good waterside
plant. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm).

6 Z4-9 H9-1

PURPLE

Geranium palmatum

Evergreen perennial with large, palmate,
bright, rather glossy, light green leaves
held on sturdy stalks, growing from a
central, rather woody stem. In early
summer has tall, branched stems of
5-petaled, magenta flowers. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

ORIENTAL POPPIES

The large-flowered selections of
Papaver orientale are stars of the
early summer garden, their huge yet
delicate blooms, some with fringed
petals, appearing in profusion above
mounds of hairy foliage. Numerous
selections are available, with flowers
in pastel shades of white, pink, and
plum-purple, or red and orange for
dramatic hot-hued borders. Large
round seed heads keep the display
going for a few more weeks after the
flowers have faded. Poppies thrive
in fertile soil in full sun, but plants
die down in mid-summer; ensure that
other later performers fill the gaps.

P. orientale 'Karine' P. 'Medallion'

P. orientale 'Turkish Delight'

P. orientale 'Black and White' P. orientale 'Choir Boy'

P. orientale var. bracteatum P. 'Fireball'

Acanthus spinosus

Stately perennial that has very large,
arching, deeply cut and spiny-pointed,
glossy, dark green leaves. Spires of
funnel-shaped, soft mauve and white
flowers are borne freely in summer.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Linaria triornithophora

(Three birds toadflax)

Upright perennial that from early to late
summer produces spikes of snapdragon¬
like, purple and yellow flowers above
narrow, gray-green leaves. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm).

Dianella tasmanica

Upright perennial with nodding,
star-shaped, bright blue or purple-
blue flowers carried in branching
sprays in summer, followed by deep
blue berries in fall. Has untidy,
evergreen, strap-shaped leaves.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm).

0- 6 ES HTL-10

Geranium pratense
'Mrs. Kendall Clark'

Clump-forming perennial with hairy
stems and deeply divided leaves. In
early and mid-summer, bears erect,
saucer-shaped, pearl-gray or violet-blue
flowers with white or pale pink veins.

H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Monarda fistulosa

Clump-forming perennial that
produces small heads of lilac-purple
flowers from mid- to late summer.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 1 m (45cm).

Geranium sylvaticum 'Mayflower'

Upright perennial with a basal clump
of deeply lobed leaves, above which
rise branching stems of cup-shaped,
violet-blue flowers in early summer.

H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z8 H9-8

Thalictrum aquilegiifolium

Clump-forming perennial with a mass
of finely divided, gray-green leaves,
resembling those of maidenhair fern.
Bunched heads of fluffy, lilac-purple
flowers are borne on strong stems in
summer. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S lV&ft (45cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Aconitum x cammarum 'Bicolor'

Compact, tuberous perennial with
violet-blue and white flowers borne
in summer along upright stems. Has
deeply cut, divided, glossy, dark green
leaves and poisonous roots. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 20in (50cm).

Veronica spicata 'Romiley Purple'

Clump-forming perennial that in
summer freely produces large spikes
of purple flowers above whorled,
mid-green leaves. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),

S 1—2ft (30-60cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Galega orientalis

Vigorous, upright but compact perennial
that in summer bears spikes of pealike,
blue-tinged, violet flowers above delicate
leaves divided into oval leaflets. Needs
staking. Spreads freely. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0 A Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 ® Z3-7 H8-3

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

239

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

PHLOX

Border phlox (cultivars of P. maculata and P. paniculata )
are an elegant mainstay of the mid- to late summer
border. Their dome-shaped or conical panicles of
flowers, often delicately scented, are produced in
white, pink, red, and purple, many with contrasting
eyes. Some cultivars also have strikingly variegated
foliage. Phlox thrive in sun or partial shade in fertile,
well-drained soil; taller types may need staking. For
larger flowers, reduce the number of stems in spring by
pinching out the weakest shoots. To prolong flowering,
deadhead regularly to encourage side shoots to bloom.

P. paniculata 'Fujiyama' P. paniculata 'Eva Cullum'

P. paniculata 'Mia Ruys' P. paniculata 'Brigadier' P. paniculata 'Windsor'

P. paniculata 'Norah Leigh' P. paniculata 'Amethyst' P. paniculata 'Hampton Court'

SUMMER

PURPLE

Baptisia australis (False indigo)

Upright perennial bearing spikes of
pealike, violet-blue flowers in summer.
Bright green leaves are divided into
oval leaflets. Dark gray seed pods
may be used for winter decoration.

H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

Agapanthus inapertus
subsp. pendulus 'Graskop'

Clump-forming perennial with compact,
rounded clusters of pendent, dark
violet-blue flowers, in summer. Has
narrowly strap-shaped, rich green
leaves. H 36in (90cm), S 20in (50cm).

Eryngium alpinum

Upright perennial with basal rosettes
of heart-shaped, deeply toothed, glossy
foliage. In summer sturdy stems bear
heads of conical, purplish-blue flower
heads, surrounded by blue bracts
and soft spines. H 2 1 /£-3ft (75cm-lm),

5 2ft (60cm).

6 6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 Z3-9 H9-t

6 Z9 Hii-7

Erigeron 'Dunkelste Aller'

Clump-forming perennial with a mass

of daisylike, deep purple flower heads,
with yellow centers, in summer. Has
narrowly oval, grayish-green leaves.

H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

Nepeta 'Six Hills Giant'

Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
with narrowly oval, toothed, hairy.

aromatic, gray-green leaves. In
summer bears loose spikes of
tubular, 2-lipped, lavender-blue
flowers. H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

6 Z3-8 H8-1

sley. All Rights Reserved.

Anchusa azurea 'Loddon Royalist'

Upright perennial that bears flat,
single, deep blue flowers on branching
spikes in early summer. Most of the
lance-shaped, coarse, hairy leaves
are at the base of plant. Needs staking.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm).

6 73-8 H8-1

Eryngium x oliverianum

Upright perennial that produces large,
rounded heads of thistle-like, blue to
lavender-blue flowers in late summer.
Has heart-shaped, jagged-edged, basal,
mid-green leaves. H 2-3ft (60cm-lm),

S 114—2ft (45-60cm).

-:S:- 6 75-8 H8-5

Agapanthus 'Purple Cloud'

Compact, clump-forming perennial
with large, rounded clusters of violet-
blue flowers in summer followed by
long-lasting seed heads. Has broadly
strap-shaped, slightly silvery-gray
leaves. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

Echinops bannaticus 'Taplow Blue'

Upright perennial with narrowly oval,
divided, prickly, grayish-green leaves.
Erect stems produce thistle-like,
rounded heads of steely-blue flowers
from mid- to late summer. Is suitable
even for poor soils. Is attractive to
insects. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (90cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Agapanthus 'Northern Star'

Clump-forming perennial bearing
large, rounded clusters of inky-blue
flowers, with reflexed petals, in summer,
followed by long-lasting seed heads.

Has narrowly strap-shaped, mid-green
leaves stained purple at the bases.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z8-11 H12-1

Aconitum 'Stainless Steel'

Erect, tuberous perennial with dense
spikes of hooded, silvery-blue flowers in
mid- to late summer, held above deeply
divided, dark green leaves. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z9—11 H12-7

6 ® Z4-8 H8-4

CAMPANULA

Archetypal cottage garden plants, tall campanulas are
valued for their spires of pastel bell-shaped flowers,
which appear from early- to mid-summer. They make
good candidates for herbaceous borders, naturalistic
planting schemes—perhaps at the edge of a woodland
garden—or with shrubs such as roses. Developments
using C. punctata have produced some superb, compact
plants with dramatic drooping flowers suitable for the
front of the border. C. lactiflora and tall types may need
some support. Most are easily grown in sun or light
shade in reasonably fertile, moist but well-drained soil.

C. alliariifolia

C. punctata 'Cherry Bells' C. trachelium 'Bernice'

C lactiflora 'Loddon Anna' C. glomerata 'Superba'

C. persicifolia 'Chettle Charm'

C. lactiflora 'Prichard's Variety*

C. takesimana

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

BLUE

SILVER

Agapanthus praecox
subsp. orientalis

Perennial with large, dense umbels of
sky-blue flowers borne on strong stems
in late summer over clumps of broad,
almost evergreen, dark green leaves.
Makes a good plant for pots. H 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Hll-7

Campanula persicifolia
'Telham Beauty 1

Perennial with basal rosettes of narrow,
bright green leaves. In summer, large,
nodding, cup-shaped, light blue flowers
are borne on slender spikes. H 3ft (lm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 £> Z3-8 H8-1

242

Cichorium intybus (Chicory)

Clump-forming perennial with basal
rosettes of light green leaves and
daisylike, bright blue flower heads
borne along upper parts of willowy
stems in summer. Flowers are at
their best before noon. H 4ft (1.2m),

S iy 2 ft (45cm).

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Artemisia 'Powis Castle'

Semievergreen, upright subshrub

with woody stems, usually grown as a
perennial, with fernlike, silvery-gray
leaves making an excellent foil for
other plants. If old growth is retained,
insignificant, yellow flowers are borne
in summer. H and S 3ft (lm).

6 Z7-9 hi i-8

Astelia cbathamica

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with sword-shaped, erect, bright silvery-
gray leaves. Panicles of insignificant,
frothy, yellow flowers are borne in
summer. H and S 4ft (1.2m).

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Aciphylla squarrosa (Bayonet plant)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with tufts of pointed, divided leaves.

In summer bears spiky, yellow
flowers in compound umbels with
male and female flowers often mixed.
H and S 3^ft (1-1.2m).

6 Z9-15 Hi2-i

Mathiasella bupleuroides
'Green Dream'

Upright, deciduous perennial with
divided, silvery-blue leaves. In early
summer has umbels of bell-shaped,
pendent, jade-green flowers, which turn
pinkish as they age. Needs good winter
drainage. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

6 Z8—11 Hll-7

Euphorbia sikkimensis

Spreading, upright perennial
bearing yellow cyathia cupped by
pale to greenish-yellow involucres in
mid- to late summer. Young shoots are
bright pink and the leaves deep green.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

# 4 ® Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Verbascum 'Gainsborough'

Semievergreen, rosette-forming,
short-lived perennial bearing branched
racemes of 5-lobed, pale sulfur-yellow
flowers throughout summer above oval,
mid-green leaves borne on flower stems.
H 2—4ft (60cm-1.2m), S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. vulparia

(Wolfs bane)

Upright, fibrous perennial that has
hooded, straw-yellow flowers in
summer. Leaves are dark green and
deeply divided. Needs staking. H 3-4ft
(1-1.2m), S 1—2ft (30-60cm).

6 © Z5-8 H8-5

Thermopsis rhombifolia

Upright perennial bearing spikes of
bright yellow flowers above divided,
mid-green leaves in summer. H 2-3ft
(60cm-lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-3

&: 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Inula hookeri

Clump-forming perennial with
lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves
and a mass of slightly scented, daisylike,
greenish-yellow flower heads borne in
summer. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

Centiana lutea (Yellow gentian)

Erect, unbranched perennial with oval,
stalkless leaves to 1ft (30cm) long. In
summer has dense whorls of tubular,
yellow flowers in axils of greenish
bracts. H 3-4ft (l-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

Z4-8 H8-1

-£> ; - 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Phlomis russeliana

Evergreen perennial, forming
excellent groundcover, with large,
rough, heart-shaped leaves. Sturdy
flower stems bear whorls of hooded,
butter-yellow flowers in summer.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm) or more.

Clump-forming perennial with a mass
of daisylike, lemon-yellow flower heads
borne singly in summer on slim stems.
Cut back hard after flowering to promote
a good rosette of crinkled leaves for
winter. H and S 3ft (lm).

6 Z3-9 H9-1

Lysimacbia punctata

(Garden loosestrife)

Clump-forming perennial that in
summer produces spikes of bright
yellow flowers above mid-green leaves.
H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 24in (60cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-3

Berkheya macrocephala

Upright perennial bearing large,
daisylike, yellow flower heads
on branched, spiny-leaved stems
throughout summer. Prefers rich
soil and a warm, sheltered position.
H and S 3ft (lm).

&: 6 HU-10

Achillea filipendulina 'Gold Plate'

Upright perennial with stout, leafy
stems carrying broad, flat, terminal
heads of yellow flowers in summer,
above filigree foliage. Flowers retain
color if dried. Divide plants regularly.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

£>:- 4 Z4—8 H8-1

&: 6 © Z3-9 H9-1

243

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

DAYLILIES

Although they belong to the lily family (Liliaceae), daylilies
( Hemerocallis ) are not true lilies; their common name comes
from their lilylike flowers that last just one day, but appear
in succession for many weeks in summer. Daylilies range in
size from compact plants that grow 12-15in (30-38cm) tall,
to large plants that may reach 5ft (1.5m). They form clumps
of arching, strappy foliage, and flower colors range from
creamy white, yellow, orange, red, pink, and purple, to
almost black; some also have bands of contrasting colors
on the petals. The flower forms are classified as single,
double, or spider, and some are fragrant. They thrive in
most soils, except waterlogged, in sun or shade, but flower
best when in sun for at least part of the day.

H. 'Pardon Me' H. 'Neyron Rose'

H. 'Stoke Poges'

H. 'Always Afternoon'

H. 'Joan Senior'

H. 'Siloam Baby Talk'

H. 'Summer Wine'

r * f

b

H. 'Green Flutter'

H. 'Bonanza'

H. 'Lemon Bells'

H. lilioasphodelus

H. dumortieri

H. 'Missenden'

H. 'Golden Chimes'

H. 'Little Grapette'

H. 'Cream Drop'

H. citrina

H. 'Cartwheels'

H. fulva 'Flore Pleno'

H. 'Frans Hals'

H. 'Stafford'

H. 'Chicago Sunrise'

H. 'Burning Daylight'

H. 'Black Magic'

H. 'Cathy's Sunset'

PERENNIALS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

FALL

ORANGE

Euphorbia griffithii 'Fi reglow'

Bushy perennial that bears orange-
red flowers in terminal umbels in early
summer. Leaves are lance-shaped,
mid-green and have pale red midribs.
H to 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

0 A ® Z4-9 H9-2

Sphaeralcea ambigua

Branching, shrubby perennial. Broadly
funnel-shaped, orange-coral blooms
are produced singly in leaf axils from
summer until the onset of cold weather.
Leaves are soft, hairy and mid-green.

H and S 30-36in (75-90cm).

0 6 Z6-9 Hll-2

Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly weed)

Erect, tuberous perennial with long,
lance-shaped leaves. Small, 5-horned,
bright orange-red flowers are borne
in summer and followed by narrow,
pointed pods, to 6in (15cm) long.

H to 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

246

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-2

Verba scum 'Cots wo Id Beauty'

Rosette-forming perennial with
sometimes-branched spires of 5-petaled,
pale coppery-apricot flowers, each
with a soft purple center, in summer.

Has oval, gray-green leaves. May be
short-lived in rich soil. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 16in (40cm).

0 £> Z5-9 H9-5

WHITE

Actaea pachypoda

(Doll's eyes, White baneberry)

Compact, clump-forming perennial
with spikes of small, fluffy, white flowers
in summer and clusters of white berries,
borne on stiff, fleshy scarlet stalks, in fall.
H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

0 A ® Z4-9 H9-1

Leucanthemum x superbum
'Wirral Pride'

Robust, clump-forming perennial with
glossy, dark green, slightly toothed
leaves. Bears numerous, solitary, white
double flower heads with yellowish
anemone centers from early summer
to fall. H to 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Chrysanthemum 'Clara Curtis'

Bushy perennial producing many
clusters of flat, daisylike, clear pink
flower heads throughout summer and
fall. Divide plants every other spring.
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-4

Tricyrtis formosana

Upright, rhizomatous perennial. In
early fall bears spurred flowers, heavily
spotted with purplish-pink and with
yellow-tinged throats. Glossy, dark green
leaves clasp stems. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm),

S 18in (45cm).

0 A Z6-9 H9-6

Anemone hupehensis
Hadspen Abundance'

Erect, branching perennial that bears
pink flowers with rounded, dark
reddish-pink outer tepals from summer
to fall. Leaves are dark green and
deeply divided, with toothed leaflets.

H 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

(k ® Z5-7 H7-5

YARROW

Stalwarts of the summer garden, yarrow ( Achillea 1 are
easy-to-grow perennials for sunny sites and well-drained
soils. Taller types are best planted toward the back of
herbaceous borders, while shorter forms associate well
with grasses in naturalistic planting schemes. Both selections
also look at home in mixed beds and gravel gardens. Most
have flattened flower heads, creating a horizontal plane
that contrasts well with vertical flower spikes. Available in
a range of colors, including white, yellow, pink, peach, and
red, the flowers change color as they age, creating a two-tone
effect. Many make good cut flowers; some can also be dried.

A. millefolium 'Red Velvet'

A. ptarmica 'The Pearl' (D A. 'Heidi'

A. 'Belle Epoque'

A. millefolium 'Kelwayi' A. filipendulina 'Parker's Variety'

A. 'Christine's Pink'

- - 'Wh?*

<c"' V ,

" v *,s. >7T

Wl * 1 «

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

A. 'Terracotta'

A. 'Lachsschonheit'

MEDIUM

HELENIUM

Of all late-summer, daisy-flowered perennials,

Helenium are among the most colorful. They have
become increasingly popular with the rise of naturalistic
plantings, to which they are well suited, although they
also add a dramatic note to herbaceous borders. The
sturdy stems bear shuttlecock-shaped flowers in fiery
tones of red, orange, and yellow that last for many weeks.
Plants seldom need staking and form slowly spreading
clumps if grown in sun and fertile soil. To lengthen the
flowering season, select a variety of forms, and cut back
some in early summer to promote later flowering.

H. 'Potter's Wheel'

H. 'Indianersommer'

H. 'Double Trouble'

H. 'Red Army 7

H. 'Butterpat'

H. 'Feuersiegel'

H. 'Rubinzwerg'

H. 'Waltraut'

FALL

RED

Centranthus ruber (Red valerian)

Perennial forming spreading colonies
of fleshy leaves. Branching heads of
small, star-shaped, deep reddish-pink
or white flowers are borne above foliage
from late spring to fall. Thrives in poor,
exposed sites. H 24—36in (60-90cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm) or more.

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Lobelia cardinalis 'Queen Victoria'

Clump-forming perennial. From late
summer to mid fall spikes of blazing
red flowers on branching stems arise
from basal, deep red-purple foliage.

H 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm).

0- A ® Z3-9 H9-1

sley. All Rights Reserved.

MICHAELMAS DAISIES

Invaluable border plants, Michaelmas daisies (Aster species
and cultivars; mostly A. novae-angliae and A. novi-belgii)
flower later than many other perennials and continue the
display until late fall. The smaller-flowered species and
selections associate well with grasses and naturalistic
planting schemes, while the larger flowers are excellent
for cutting. The daisylike, single or double flowers range
in color from white, pink, and red, to purple and blue.
Michaelmas daisies thrive in sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil, and tall cultivars may need staking. For
large flowers, pinch out weaker shoots in spring; to produce
bushier plants with a greater number of smaller flowers,
pinch out the top l-2in (2.5-5cm) of all shoots in late spring.

A. 'Coombe Fishacre' A. 'Photograph'

A. novi-belgii 'Chequers'

A. divaricatus A. novae-angliae A. novae-angliae 'Rosa Sieger' A. 'Little Carlow'

'Harrington's Pink'

A. ericoides 'White Heather' A. novi-belgii 'Freda Ballard' A. novi-belgii 'Orlando' A. novi-belgii 'Professor Anton Kippenberg'

MEDIUM

FALL

BLUE

Strobilanthes atropurpureus

Upright, branching perennial with
oval, toothed leaves. Spikes of
numerous, violet-blue to purple
flowers appear in summer-fall.

H to 4ft (1.2m), S to 2ft (60cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

PURPLE

Aster amellus 'King George'

Bushy perennial with oval, rough leaves.
In fall produces many large, terminal,
daisylike, deep blue-violet flower heads
with yellow centers. H and S 20in (50cm).

6 Z5—8 H8-1

Centiana asclepiadea

(Willow gentian)

Arching perennial with narrow, oval
leaves to 3in (8cm) long. In late summer
to fall has arching sprays of trumpet¬
shaped, deep blue flowers, spotted
and striped inside. H to 36in (90cm),

S to 24in (60cm).

6 Z6-9 H9-6

Eryngium x tripartitum

Perennial with wiry stems above a
basal rosette of coarsely toothed,
gray-green leaves. Conical, metallic-
blue flower heads on blue stems are
borne in summer-fall and may be dried
for winter decoration. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),
S 20in (50cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

SALVIAS

Hardy perennial salvias are useful
plants, many flowering profusely in
late summer and lasting well into fall.
The genus is quite diverse, with plants
in a range of sizes and flower colors,
including white, true blue, purple, pink,
and red. A few, such as S. argentea, are
also grown for their foliage, which in
many species is aromatic. Salvias thrive
in hot, sunny sites and free-draining
soil, and grow quickly, many developing
into shrublike plants within a season. To
ensure that they survive cold winters, in
fall spread thick mulch over the plants
to protect the roots.

S. pratensis 'Pink Delight'

S. nemorosa 'Caradonna'

S. x sylvestris 'Mainacht'

S. x sylvestris 'Blauhiigel'

S. nemorosa 'Lubecca'

S. pratensis 'Indigo'

S. pratensis 'Swan Lake'

S. uliginosa

S. guaranitica 'Black and Blue'

r ft '"'W ' \ - £5 71
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S. argentea

S. nemorosa 'Amethyst' S. nemorosa 'Ostfriesland' S. verticillata 'Purple Rain' S. patens

S. glutinosa

Kniphofia 'Percy's Pride'

Upright perennial with large, terminal
spikes of creamy flowers, tinged green
and yellow, borne on erect stems in
fall. Protect crowns with winter mulch.
H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

Kirengeshoma palmata

Upright perennial with rounded, lobed,
bright green leaves, above which strong
stems bearing clusters of narrowly
funnel-shaped, creamy yellow flowers
appear in late summer to fall. H 3ft (lm),
S 24in (60cm).

6 E5 Z5-8 H8-5

Euphorbia schillingii

Robust, clump-forming perennial
that produces long-lasting, yellow
cyathia and rounded, greenish-yellow
bracts from mid-summer to mid-fall.
Stems are erect and leaves are dark
green with pale green or white veins.
H 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Solidago 'Goldenmosa'

Clump-forming perennial. Sprays of
tufted, mimosa-like, yellow flower heads
are carried in late summer and fall above
lance-shaped, toothed, hairy, yellowish-
green leaves. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

RUDBECKIA

The golden daisy flowers of Rudbeckia illuminate late
summer and early fall borders, perennial schemes, and
gravel gardens. Most are just over knee height, but some
forms of R. hirta are small and compact, ideal for the front of
beds or containers, while others, like R. 'Herbstonne', tower
above the rest, reaching up to 8ft (2.5m) in height. R. maxima
also has attractive glaucous blue foliage. All types produce
large flowers on sturdy stems that seldom need staking, and
the blooms also attract beneficial insects. Rudbeckia thrive
in an open, sunny situation, and moist but free-draining soil.

faiT

R. triloba

R. occidentalis 'Green Wizard'

R. fulgida var. speciosa

R. fulgida var. sullivantii
'Goldsturm'

R. laciniata 'Herbstsonne' R. fulgida var. deamii

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

Florist's chrysanthemums, as well as those that are grown as hardy garden
plants, are grouped according to their differing flower forms, approximate
flowering season (early, mid- or late fall), and habit. The best groups for
garden decoration are the sprays, pompons, and semi-pompons, the hardy
Korean, and early, reflexed chrysanthemums. The dwarf Charm-types, forming
dense, domed masses of flowers, are most attractive displayed in pots for both
indoor and outdoor use in fall. Most of the various flower forms are described
below, with further details provided in the Plant Dictionary under Chrysanthemum.

Incurved —fully double,
dense, spherical flowers
have incurved petals
arising from the base
of the flower and closing
tightly over the crown.

Single —flowers each
have about 5 rows of flat
petals, borne at right
angles to the stem, that
may incurve or reflex at
the tips; the prominent
central disk is golden
throughout or has a
small, green center.

Fully reflexed —fully
double flowers have
curved, pointed petals
reflexing outward and
downward from the
crown and back to touch
the stem.

Reflexed —fully double
flowers are similar to
those of fully reflexed
forms except that the
petals are less strongly
reflexed and form
an umbrella-like or
spiky outline.

Pompon —fully double,
dense, spherical,
or occasionally
hemispherical, flowers,
have tubular petals
with flat, rounded tips,
growing outward
from the crown.

Spoon-type —flowers
are similar to those of
single forms except
that the ray petals are
tubular and open out
at their tips to form
a spoon shape.

Intermediate —fully
double, roughly
spherical flowers have
loosely incurving petals,
which may close at the
crown or may reflex
for the bottom half of
each flower.

Spider-form —double
flower heads with long,
thin ray-florets; the
outer ray-florets are
more or less pendent,
the inner ones
curling upward.

Anemone-centered—

single flowers each have
a central, dome-shaped
disk, up to half the
diameter of the bloom,
and up to 5 rows of flat,
or occasionally spoon-
type, ray petals at right
angles to the stem.

Quill-shaped —double
flower heads with
tubular ray-florets that
open out at their tips
to form spoon shapes.

C. ‘Innocence' ® [single] C. 'Pennine Oriel’ ®

[spray, anemone]

C. 'Nell Gwynn' ® C. 'Purleigh White' ®

[Korean Group] [semi-pompon]

C. 'Emperor of China' © C. 'Enbee Wedding' ®

[double] [ s P ra y, single]

C. 'Chesapeake' ® [spray, quill] C. 'Spartan Seagull' ® [Korean Group] C. 'Aunt Millicent' ® [Korean Group]

C. 'Anastasia' ©

[semi-pompon]

C. 'Tapestry Rose' ®

[Korean Group]

C. 'Ruby Mound' ® [Korean Group]

C 'Mary Stoker' © [single] C. 'Nantyderry Sunshine' ©

[semi-pompon]

C. 'Carmine Blush' © [single]

C. 'Rumpelstilzchen' © [Korean Group]

C 'Golden Chalice' © [charm] C. 'Yellow John Hughes' ©

[incurved]

C. 'Grandchild' © [double]

C. 'Perry's Peach' ©
[Korean Group]

C. 'Chelsea Physic Garden' © C. 'Bronze Elegance' ©

[double] [semi-pompon]

C. 'Sea Urchin' ©

[Korean Group]

C. 'George Griffiths' ©

[reflexed]

C. 'Doctor Tom Parr' ©

[semi-pompon]

C. 'Cottage Apricot' © [Korean Group]

C. 'Mrs. Jessie Cooper' © [single]

C. 'Apollo' © [Korean Group]

C. 'Duchess of Edinburgh' © [Korean Group]

C. 'Paul Boissier' © [semidouble]

RED-HOT POKERS

Red-hot pokers (Kniphofia) are dramatic hardy
perennials, their upright forms providing focal points in
borders, gravel gardens, and perennial schemes. Spires
of tubular flowers in a range of fiery colors, or more
muted shades of green, ivory, and pale yellow, rise from
clumps of slender, often evergreen, foliage. Selections
flower from mid-summer to late fall, and they enjoy an
open site in full sun, with shelter from cold winds, and
fertile, well-drained soil that does not dry out. Give them
space to spread, as too much competition may limit their
success. Protect plants over winter with a deep mulch.

K. 'Green Jade' K. 'Wrexham Buttercup' K. 'Atlanta'

K. 'Bees' Sunset' K. 'Prince Igor' K. rooperi

MEDIUM

FALL

ORANGE

Helenium 'Moerheim Beauty'

Upright perennial with strong,
branching stems bearing sprays of
daisylike, rich reddish-orange flower
heads in early fall above dark green
foliage. Needs regular division in spring
or fall. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Aster linosyris (Goldilocks)

Upright, unbranched perennial
with numerous small, dense, single,
golden-yellow flower heads in late
summer and fall. Leaves are narrowly
lance-shaped. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

Z3-8 H8-1

SMALL

SPRING

WHITE

Epimedium x youngianum 'Niveum'

Compact, groundcover perennial with
heart-shaped, serrated, bronze-tinted
leaflets that turn green in late spring,
when small, cup-shaped, snow-white
flowers are borne. H 6-12in (15-30cm),
S 12in (30cm).

6 Z5—9 H9-5

Lamium maculatum 'White Nancy'

Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial

with white-variegated, mid-green foliage
and spikes of hooded, white flowers in
late spring and summer. H to 6in (15cm),
S to 3ft (lm).

4 Z4-8 H8-1

Pulmonaria 'Sissinghurst White'

Semievergreen, clump-forming

perennial that bears funnel-shaped,
white flowers in spring above long,
elliptic, mid-green, paler spotted leaves.
H 12in (30cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

6 Z6-8 H8-6

bley. All Rights Reserved.

Anemone narcissiflora

Leafy perennial that in late spring and
early summer produces cup-shaped,
single, white flowers with a blue or
purplish-pink stain on reverse of petals.
Leaves are dark green and deeply
divided. H to 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

Convallaria majalis (Lily-of-the-valley)

Low-growing, rhizomatous perennial

with narrowly oval, mid- to dark green
leaves and sprays of small, very fragrant,
pendulous, bell-shaped, white flowers.
Likes rich soil. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.

Trillium grandiflorum (Wake-robin)

Clump-forming perennial. Large,
pure white flowers that turn pink
with age are borne singly in spring
just above large, 3-parted, dark green
leaves. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z4-7 H7-3

Sinopodophyllum hexandrum

(Himalayan Mayapple)

Perennial with pairs of 3-lobed, brown-
mottled leaves followed by white or
pink flowers in spring and fleshy, red
fruits in summer. H 12-18in (30-45cm),
S 12in (30cm).

Lamium maculatum 'Album'

Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial
that has dark green leaves with central,
white stripes. Bears clusters of hooded,
white flowers in spring-summer.

H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (lm).

A Z4—8 H8-1

Pachyphragma macrophyllum

Creeping, mat-forming perennial with
rosettes of rounded, long-stalked, glossy,
bright green leaves, each to 4in (10cm)
long. Bears many racemes of tiny, white
flowers in spring. H to 12in (30cm),

S indefinite.

Bergenia 'Silberlicht'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
that has flat, oval, mid-green leaves
with toothed margins. Clusters of white
flowers, sometimes suffused with pink,
are borne on erect stems in spring.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-1

Trillium ovatum

Clump-forming perennial with white

flowers, later turning pink, that are
carried singly in spring just above
red-stalked, 3-parted, dark green foliage.
H 10-15in (25-38cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 ® Z2-7 H7-1

6 ® Z6-8 H8-5

4 Z5—9 H9-5

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Trillium chloropetalum

Clump-forming perennial with reddish-
green stems carrying 3-parted, gray-
marbled, dark green leaves. Flowers
vary from purplish-pink to white
and appear above foliage in spring.

H and S 12-18in (30-45cm).

Anemone sylvestris
(Snowdrop windflower)

Carpeting perennial that may be
invasive. Fragrant, semi-pendent, white
flowers with yellow centers are borne in
spring and early summer. Has divided,
mid-green leaves. H and S 12in (30cm).

Z6—9 H9-6

6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Helleborus x ericsmithii 'Bob's Best'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with toothed, dark green leaves flushed
in pewter and divided into 3-5 leaflets.
From mid-winter to late spring bears
saucer-shaped, pink-tinted, white flowers,
often striped in green and with darker
petal backs. H 15in (38cm), S 18in (45cm).

6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

255

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

256

SMALL

SPRING

WHITE

Chrysosplenium macrophyllum

Evergreen, groundcover perennial with
large, rounded, fleshy, mid green leaves
covered in silvery hairs. Lacy heads of
flatfish, pink-tinted, creamy flowers are
borne in early spring. Spreads freely
by runners. H 8in (20cm), S 36in (90cm).

A Z6-8 H8-5

Helleborus x ericsmithii
ivory prince ("Walhelivor")

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with silver-veined, bluish-green leaves
divided into 3-5 leaflets. From mid-winter
to spring bears pink-tinted cream flowers,
often striped in green and with darker
petal backs. H 15in (38cm), S 18in (45cm).

6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

Bergenia ciliata

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with attractive, large, rounded, hairy
leaves. In spring bears clusters of white
flowers that age to pink. Leaves are often
damaged by frost, although fresh ones
will appear in spring. H 12in (30cm),

S 20in (50cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-1

PINK

Cypripedium Ulla Silkens gx

Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with 1-3
pouched, pastel white and pink flowers,
2-3in (5-7cm) long, borne in spring.

Has broadly lance-shaped leaves,
to 12in (30cm) long. H 12in (30cm),

S 24in (60cm).

6 Z3-7 H7-1

Dicentra "Spring Morning"

Neat, leafy perennial with
small, heart-shaped, pink flowers
hanging in arching sprays in late
spring and summer. Attractive,
fernlike foliage is gray-green and
finely cut. H and S 12in (30cm).

£> ® Z3-9 H9-i

Bergenia "Beethoven"

Evergreen, groundcovering perennial
with masses of pink-tinged, white
flowers, borne in branched panicles,
in spring. Has spoon-shaped, leathery,
mid-green leaves. Protect from spring
frosts. H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm)
or more.

0 £> Z4—8 H8-1

Geranium macrorrhizum
'Ingwersen's Variety"

Compact, carpeting perennial, useful as
weed-suppressing groundcover. Small,
soft rose-pink flowers appear in late
spring and early summer. Aromatic
leaves turn bronze- and scarlet-tinted
in fall. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Helleborus thibetanus

Clump-forming perennial with palmate,
mid-green leaves deeply divided into 7-9
toothed lobes. Bears deeply cup-shaped
flowers, 4—6.5cm (lV2-2%in) across, in
late winter-early spring that vary from
white to white with pink veins, which
darken with age. H and S 12in (30cm).

A ® Z5—8 H8-5

Heloniopsis orientalis

Clump-forming perennial with
basal rosettes of narrowly lance¬
shaped leaves, above which rise
nodding, rose-pink flowers in
spring. H and S 12in (30cm).

A Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PRIMULAS

There are primulas to suit most garden situations, ranging
from boggy areas and pond margins to woodlands, rock
gardens, and containers. Of the various botanical groups.
Candelabra, Auricula, and Primrose-Polyanthus primulas
are the most widely grown. Auriculas are compact evergreen
plants with leathery leaves and flowers with beautiful
markings; they grow well in moist but well-drained soil.
Candelabras prefer damp soil, and are taller and deciduous,
with flowers arranged in rings up sturdy stems. The Primrose-
Polyanthus group includes a diverse range of small winter-
to spring-flowering plants, often sold as bedding or for
containers, that thrive in moist soil. Most prefer some
shade. For full cultivation details, see the Plant Dictionary.

P. 'Guinevere' P. vialii

P. vulgaris 'Alba Plena' P. japonica 'Postford White' P. sieboldii 'Geisha Girl' P. 'Charisma Red'

P. sieboldii

P. 'Elizabeth Killelay'

P. 'Mark' [Auricula]

P. vulgaris subsp. sibtborpii

P. Barnhaven Blues Group

P. Crescendo Series

P. pulverulenta

P. 'Inverewe'

P. Charisma Series
'Charisma Blue'

P. 'Don Keefe'

P. 'Matthew Yates' [Auricula]

P. Crescendo Series 'Crescendo Bright Red'

P. polyneura P. beesiana P. Belarina Series

'Belarina Cobalt Blue'

P. elatior

P. bulleyana

P. aureata

P. alpicola

P. 'Trouble' [Auricula]

P. vulgaris

MM

" V

*

'rm

POMP

*

jL

PERENNIALS

260

SMALL

SPRING

RED

Epimedium x rubrum

Carpeting perennial with dense, heart-
shaped, divided leaves that are dark
brownish-red in spring, when clusters
of cup-shaped, crimson flowers with
yellow spurs appear. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm).

PURPLE

Claucidium palmatum

Leafy perennial that has large, lobed
leaves and, in spring, large, delicate,
cup-shaped, lavender flowers. A
woodland plant, it requires rich
soil and a sheltered position. H and
S 20in (50cm).

Helleborus purpurascens

Neat, clump-forming perennial with
small, nodding, cup-shaped, pure deep
purple or green flowers, splashed with
deep purple on outside, in early spring.
Dark green leaves are palmate and deeply
divided into narrowly lance-shaped,
toothed segments. H and S 12in (30cm).

Epimedium epsteinii

Rather compact, semievergreen,
rhizomatous perennial with glossy
green leaves divided into narrowly oval,
toothed leaflets. Has clusters of pendent,
long-spurred, white-and-purple flowers
in spring. Good for groundcover.

H 12in (30cm), S 16cm (40cm).

& 6 Z4-8 H8-1

;<jfe A Z6-9 H9-6

A ® Z4-8 H8-3

& 6 Z5-10 H9-4

Trillium erectum
(Birthroot, Squawroot)

Clump-forming perennial with
3-lobed, mid-green leaves and bright
maroon-purple flowers in spring.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 12in (30cm).

Cardamine pentapbyllos

Upright perennial spreading by
fleshy, horizontal rootstocks. Produces
clusters of large, white or pale purple
flowers in spring. H 12-24in (30-60cm),
S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Latbyrus vernus

Clump-forming perennial bearing in
spring small, pealike, bright purple and
blue flowers veined with red, several on
each slender stem. Leaves are soft and
fernlike. Proves difficult to transplant
successfully. H and S 12in (30cm).

& Z4-7 H7-3

Trillium sessile

(Toadshade, Wake-robin)

Clump-forming perennial that in
spring bears red-brown flowers,
nestling in a collar of 3-lobed
leaves, marked white, pale green
or bronze. H 12-15in (30-38cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-1

A Z5—9 H9-5

Scopolia carniolica

Clump-forming perennial that
carries spikes of nodding, purple-
brown flowers, yellow inside, in
early spring. H and S 24in (60cm).

# £> ® Z5—8 H8-5

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Lathraea clandestina (Toothwort)

Spreading perennial that grows as
a parasite on willow or poplar roots.

Fleshy, underground stems have
colorless scales instead of leaves.
Bears bunches of hooded, purple
flowers from late winter to early
spring. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.

6 Z5-9 H9-5

Lamium orvala

Clump-forming perennial that
forms a mound of mid-green leaves,
sometimes with central white stripes.
Clusters of pink or purple-pink flowers
open in late spring to early summer.

H and S 12in (30cm).

Z4-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BLUE

Erysimum 'Bowles's Mauve'

Shrubby, short-lived perennial with
many clusters of purple flowers, each
with 4 spreading petals, from early
spring to early summer. Has narrowly
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Is best
in poor soil. H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm).

Mertensia virginica

Elegant perennial with rich blue
flowers, hanging in clusters in spring.
Leaves are soft blue-green. Dies
down in summer. Crowns are prone
to slug damage. H 12-24in (30-60cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

Omphalodes cappadocica
'Cherry Ingram'

Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
with oval, deeply veined, pointed, mid¬
green leaves. In spring bears loose
racemes of 5-petaled, dark blue flowers.
H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).

Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'

Groundcover perennial with heart-
shaped, silvery-gray leaves. Delicate
sprays of small, star-shaped, forget-
menot-like, blue flowers are produced
in spring. Is ideal in the front of a border.
H 24in (60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z6—10 H10-3

6 Z3-7 H7-i

& 6 Z6-8 H8-6

6 Z3-7 H7-1

LUNGWORTS

Invaluable shade-loving perennials,
lungworts ( Pulmonaria ) produce
clusters of bell-shaped spring flowers
and hairy, groundcovering foliage.
Selections are available in a range
of colors, from white through to
pink, blue, and purple; P. rubra has red
blooms. Some cultivars have also been
selected for the beauty of their foliage,
which may be spotted or streaked with
white or silver or variegated. Easy to
grow, lungworts thrive in cool areas
in soil that does not dry out. During
summer, trim off the old foliage and
fresh leaves, often more prominently
marked, will soon appear.

P. rubra 'David Ward’

P. rubra

P. 'Lewis Palmer'

P. 'Margery Fish'

P. opal ('Ocupol')

P. 'Excalibur'

PERENNIALS

SMALL

SPRING

GREEN

Helleborus argutifolius 'Pacific Frost'

Clump-forming perennial with
pink shoot tips and evergreen,
divided, spiny, dark green leaves
densely speckled in cream. Produces
large clusters of cup-shaped, pale
green flowers in winter-spring.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Euphorbia cyparissias

Rounded, leafy perennial with a mass
of slender, gray-green leaves and
umbels of small, bright lime-green
flowers in late spring. May be invasive.
H and S 12in (30cm).

262

6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae

Evergreen, spreading perennial with
rosettes of dark green leaves, useful
as groundcover even in poor, dry soil
and semi-shade. Bears open, rounded
heads of lime-green flowers in spring.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 24in (60cm).

6 ® Z6-9 H9-2

Helleborus x sternii

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with divided leaves and cup-shaped,
often pink-tinged, pale green flowers
borne in terminal clusters in winter
and early spring. H and S 18in (45cm).

6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

Helleborus argutifolius 'Silver Lace'

Clump-forming perennial with
evergreen, divided, spiny, bluish-
green leaves and flared, cup-shaped,
pale green flowers borne in large
clusters in winter-spring. H 24in (60cm),
S 18in (45cm).

6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

YELLOW

Anemone x lipsiensis

Prostrate, carpeting perennial that in
spring has many single, pale yellow
flowers with bright yellow stamens.
Leaves are deeply cut with long leaflets.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Epimedium x versicolor
'Neosulphureum'

Carpeting perennial with dense, heart-
shaped, divided leaves, tinted reddish-
purple in spring when it bears cup¬
shaped, pale yellow flowers in small,
pendent clusters on wiry stems.

H and S 12in (30cm).

& Z5-9 H9-4

Uvularia grandiflora

(Bellwort, Merrybells)

Clump-forming perennial. Clusters of
long, bell-shaped, yellow flowers hang
gracefully from slender stems in spring.
H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z3-7 H7-1

Valeriana phu 'Aurea'

Perennial with rosettes of lemon- to

butter-yellow young foliage that turns
mid-green by summer, when heads
of insignificant, white flowers appear.
H 15in (38cm), S 12-15in (30-38cm).

6 Z5—9 H9-5

Adonis vernalis

Clump-forming perennial that in
early spring produces buttercup-like,
greenish-yellow blooms singly at the tips
of stems. Mid-green leaves are delicately
dissected. H and S 9-12in (23-30cm).

6 Z4—7 H7-1

Euphorbia polychroma

Rounded, bushy perennial with mid¬
green leaves and heads of bright yellow
flowers carried for several weeks in
spring. H and S 20in (50cm).

A ® Z5—9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

Primula veris (Cowslip)

Very variable, rosette-forming,
evergreen or semievergreen perennial
with tight clusters of fragrant, tubular,
yellow flowers produced on sturdy
stems in spring. Leaves are oval to
lance-shaped, toothed and mid-green.
H and S lOin (25cm).

A Z3-8 H8-1

Doronicum orientale 'Magnificum'

Clump-forming perennial with heart-
shaped, lush, soft green leaves. Short
stems bear daisylike, bright yellow
flower heads in spring. Plants may die
down by late summer. H 18in (45cm),
S 16in (40cm).

-:S:- 6 Z4-8 H 8-1

Anemone ranunculoides

Spreading perennial for damp
woodland, bearing buttercup-like,
single, deep yellow flowers in spring.
Divided leaves have short stalks.

H and S 8in (20cm).

A ® Z4-8 H8-1

ORANGE

Epimedium x warleyense

Carpeting perennial with heart-shaped,
divided, light green leaves, tinged
purple-red, and cup-shaped, rich orange
flowers borne in clusters on wiry stems
in spring. H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

Meconopsis cambrica (Welsh poppy)

Spreading perennial that in late spring

carries lemon-yellow or rich orange
blooms. Double forms are available.
Has deeply divided, fernlike foliage.
H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 12in (30cm).

WHITE

Anthericum liliago (St Bernard's lily)

Upright perennial that in early summer
bears tall racemes of trumpet-shaped,
white flowers above clumps of long,
narrow, gray-green leaves. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Leucanthemum x superbum
"Esther Read"

Robust perennial with large,
daisylike, double, white flower
heads borne singly on strong stems
in summer. H and S 18in (45cm).

-:§ ; - 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Calium odoratum (Sweet woodruff)

Carpeting perennial that bears whorls
of star-shaped, white flowers above neat,
whorled leaves in summer. All parts
of plant are aromatic. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more.

A Z6-8 H8-6

6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Epimedium 'Amber Queen'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with clusters of spidery, pendent,
long-spurred, orange flowers, held on
wiry stems, in spring. Dark green leaves
are mottled when young and divided
into rounded heart-shaped, toothed
leaflets. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm).

A Z5-9 H9-5

Tradescantia Andersoniana Group
"Osprey"

Clump-forming perennial with
narrow, lance-shaped leaves, 6-12in
(15-30cm) long. Has clusters of white
flowers with purple-blue stamens,
surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts, in
summer. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 A ® Z5-9 H9-5

Geranium clarkei "Kashmir White'

Carpeting, rhizomatous perennial with
divided leaves and loose clusters of
cup-shaped flowers, white with pale
lilac-pink veins, borne for a long period
in summer. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

&: 6 Z5-8 H8-5

263

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNILAS

SMALL

SUMMER

WHITE

Deinanthe bifida

Slow-growing, clump-forming
perennial with nodding, cup-shaped,
white flowers. Has oval, bristly,
soft green leaves on short stems.

H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

Diplarrhena moraea

Clump-forming perennial with fans
of long, strap-shaped leaves and
clusters of iris-like, white flowers,
with centers of yellow and purple,
borne on wiry stems in early summer.
H 18in (45cm), S 9in (23cm).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Anthemis punctata subsp. cupaniana

Evergreen, carpeting perennial with
dense, finely cut, silvery foliage that
turns green in winter. Small, daisylike,
white flower heads with yellow centers
are borne singly on short stems in early
summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

Compact, clump-forming perennial
with lobed, circular, sage-green leaves
and purple-veined, white flowers, borne
in early summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

Geranium renardii

PINK

Mimulus naiandinus

Spreading perennial, with hairy
leaves, that in summer bears
snapdragon-like, rose-pink flowers
tipped with creamy-yellow and spotted
deep pink. H 9in (23cm), S lOin (25cm).

0 Z6-9 H9-6

Crambe maritima (Sea kale)

Robust perennial with a mound of
wide, curved, lobed, silvery-green
leaves. Bears large heads of small,
fragrant, white flowers, opening
into branching sprays in summer.
H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Melittis melissophyllum

(Bastard balm)

Erect perennial that in early summer
bears white flowers with purple lower
lips in axils of rough, oval, mid-green
leaves. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 A Z9—11 Hll-8

Erigeron 'Charity'

Clump-forming perennial with a mass
of daisylike, light pink flower heads
with greenish-yellow centers borne
for a long period in summer. May need
some support. H and S to 24in (60cm).

x Heucherella tiarelloides

Evergreen, groundcover perennial that
has dense clusters of leaves and feathery
sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, pink flowers
in early summer. H and S 18in (45cm).

264 ...

I --Q:- (J Z6—9 H9-6

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Geranium x oxonianum
'Wargrave Pink'

Semievergreen, carpeting perennial
with dense, dainty, lobed, basal leaves
acting as weed-suppressing groundcover.
Cup-shaped, bright salmon-pink
flowers are borne throughout summer.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Potentilla nepalensis 'Miss Willmott'

Clump-forming perennial with palmate,
strawberry-like, bright green leaves.
Numerous slender, branching stems
carry cherry-red-centered, pink flowers
throughout summer. H 20in (50cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4—7 H9-4

Erodium manescavii

Mound-forming perennial with divided,
ferny, blue-green leaves. Produces loose
clusters of single, deep pink, darker
blotched flowers throughout summer.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Persicaria macrophylla

Compact perennial carrying neat

spikes of rich rose-pink blooms above
narrow, lance-shaped, glaucous leaves
in late summer. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

Lychnis flos-jovis

Clump-forming perennial with rounded
clusters of deep rose-pink flowers,
opening in mid-summer, that are set off
by gray foliage. H and S 18in (45cm).

Osteospermum jucundum

Evergreen, neat, clump-forming

perennial with mid-green leaves. In late
summer, soft pink flower heads, mostly
dark-eyed, are borne singly but in great
abundance. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

0 6 Z9—11 H6-1

Centaurea hypoleuca 'John Coutts'

Upright perennial. Deep rose-red flower
heads, with thistle-like centers encircled
by star-shaped ray petals, are borne
on slender stems in summer. Deeply
divided leaves are white-gray beneath.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Incarvillea mairei

Compact, clump-forming perennial
that has short stems bearing several
trumpet-shaped, purplish-pink flowers
in early summer. Leaves are divided into
oval leaflets. Protect crowns with winter
mulch. H and S 12in (30cm).

Dactylorhiza foliosa

Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with spikes
of bright purple or pink flowers, V 2 -%in
(l-2cm) long, borne in spring-summer.
Has lance-shaped or triangular leaves,
4-8in (10-20cm) long, arranged spirally
on stem. H 24in (60cm), S 6in (15cm).

Incarvillea delavayi

Clump-forming perennial with
deeply divided leaves and erect stems
bearing several trumpet-shaped,
pinkish-red flowers in early summer.
Has attractive seed pods. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6—10 H9-3

Lychnis viscaria 'Splendens Plena'

Clump-forming perennial bearing
spikes of double, magenta flowers in
early summer. Stems and large, oval to
lance-shaped, basal leaves are covered
in sticky hairs. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 9in (23cm) or more.

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

265

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

266

D. 'Gran's Favourite' D. 'Haytor White' [modern pink] D. 'Doris' [modern pink] D. 'Duchess of Westminster' D. 'Dad's Favourite' D. 'Brilliant Star' [modern pink]

[old-fashioned pink] [Malmaison carnation] [old-fashioned pink]

CARNATIONS AND PINKS

Although perhaps best known for providing excellent,
long-lasting cut flowers, carnations and pinks (Dianthus
cultivars) are highly ornamental border subjects, valued
for their usually fragrant, clove-scented blooms, produced
over a long period in summer, and their distinctive silvery-
or gray-green foliage. Shorter-growing cultivars—the
old-fashioned and modern pinks—make excellent edging
plants. Many of the flowers are attractively marked or have
fringed petals. Carnations and pinks need an open, sunny
position, preferably in alkaline soil. All except the perpetual-
flowering carnations are frost-hardy, and most can be easily
propagated from cuttings. The myriad of carnation and
pinks cultivars are divided into the following groups:

Border carnations —plants are of upright habit and flower
prolifically in mid-summer in a single flush; each stem bears
5 or more flowers. Picotee-flowered forms, with petals
outlined in a darker, contrasting color, are available.

Perpetual-flowering carnations —similar in habit to
border carnations, they are usually grown for cut flowers
and bloom year-round under glass. Plants are normally
disbudded, leaving one flower per stem, but spray forms
have up to 5 flowers per stem.

Malmaison carnations —these produce intensely fragrant
flowers sporadically throughout the year under glass.

Old-fashioned pinks —these have a low, spreading habit
and form neat cushions of foliage; masses of fragrant
flowers are produced in mid-summer. Good for border
edging and cutting.

Modern pinks —usually more vigorous than old-fashioned
pinks, they are repeat-flowering and produce 2 or 3 main
flushes of flowers in summer. Cut or deadhead to encourage
further flowering.

Alpine pinks —in early summer, these plants form cushions
of small, scented flowers. Good for edging, or in a rock
garden, raised bed, trough, or alpine house.

D. 'White Ladies'

[old-fashioned pink]

D. 'Lady Madonna'

[modern pink]

D. 'Becky Robinson'

[modern pink]

D. 'Coquette' Dianthus candy floss ('Devon

[perpetual-flowering carnation] Flavia') [modern pink]

D. 'Cranmere Pool' [modern pink] D. 'Devon Dove' [modern pink] D. 'Inchmer/ [old-fashioned pink]

D. 'Evening Star' [modern pink]

D. 'Devon

D. 'Queen of Sheba

[old-fashioned pink]

D. 'Prado IVlint'

[perpetual-flowering carnation]

D. Moulin Rouge

[modern pink]

w J/

w /

[modern pink]

d' [modern pink] D. 'Pink Jewel' [alpine pink] D. 'Passion' [modern pink]

D. 'Golden Cross' [border carnation]

D. 'Feuerhexe' [alpine pink] D. 'Valda Wyatt' [modern pink] D. 'Tayside Red'

[Malmaison carnation]

D. 'Pixie Star' [modern pink]

D. 'Neon Star' [modern pink] D. 'Fusilier' [modern pink]

D. 'Rose de Mai' Dianthus starlight ('Hilstar') D. 'Tickled Pink' [modern pink]

[old-fashioned pink] [modern pink]

D. superbus 'Crimsonia'

[old-fashioned pink]

PERENNIALS

SMALL

SUMMER

PINK

RED

Glandularia 'Sissinghurst'

Mat-forming perennial that throughout
summer bears heads of brilliant pink
flowers above mid-green foliage. Is
excellent for edging a path or growing in
a tub. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 18in (45cm).

Dicentra 'Stuart Boothman'

Tufted perennial with oval, finely
cut, deep gray-green leaves. In
spring-summer, produces arching
sprays of heart-shaped, carmine
flowers. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm).

0 6 Z7-11 HI 1-1

0 6 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo'

Mat-forming perennial with oblong,
round-toothed, hairy, dark green leaves.
Upright, sturdy stems bear whorls of
small, tubular, 2-lipped, pink flowers
in summer. H and S 24in (60cm).

268

0 6 Z5-8 H8-4

Dianthus 'Houndspool Ruby'

Modern pink with compact growth
and an abundance of strongly scented,
semidouble, ruby-pink flowers, each
with a deeper eye. H 12-18in (30-45cm),
S 9-12in (23-30cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H8-1

Clump-forming perennial with cup¬
shaped, nodding, semidouble, pink
flowers, borne on slender, branching,
hairy stems, in early summer. Has
pinnate, lobed, mid-green leaves. Is
easily grown in any soil that does not
dry out. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 <k Z5-8 H8-5

Potentilla 'Arc-en-ciel'

Clump-forming perennial with arching
stems bearing loose sprays of large,
saucer-shaped, double, yellow-centered,
red flowers in late spring and summer.
Has rounded, 3-lobed, toothed, mid¬
green basal leaves. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Rhodiola heterodonta

Clump-forming perennial with heads
of yellow or red, sometimes greenish
flowers from spring to early summer.
Stems bear toothed, blue-green leaves.
H 18in (45cm), S lOin (25cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Lychnis coronaria

Clump-forming perennial, often grown
as a biennial. From mid-to late summer,
brilliant rose-crimson flowers are borne
in panicles on branched, gray stems that
rise from neat, gray leaves. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Crusea coccinea

Prostrate, creeping perennial with ovate,
ribbed, light green leaves, T*/4-2in
(3-5cm) long. Trumpet-shaped, bright
red flowers, l-ll^in (2.5-4cm) long,
in long-stalked, few-flowered, axillary
clusters, are borne in summer-fall.

H 6in (15cm), S 8-16in (2(M0cm).

0 6 Z10-11 H8-1

Coreopsis 'Limerock Ruby'

Upright perennial producing
masses of daisylike, ruby-red flower
heads, on branched, slender stems,
throughout summer. Has small
lance-shaped, dark green leaves.

H 16in (40cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

Ourisia coccinea

Mat-forming, evergreen perennial
with rosettes of oval, toothed, strongly
veined, bright green leaves. Loose
racemes of tubular, nodding, rich red
flowers are borne in mid- to late
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm).

Polemonium carneum

Clump-forming perennial that carries
clusters of cup-shaped, pink or lilac-pink
flowers in early summer. Foliage is finely
divided. H and S 18in (45cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Verbena rigida

Neat, compact perennial bearing heads
of pale violet flowers from mid-summer
onward. Has lance-shaped, rough,
mid-green leaves borne on flower stems.
H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Geranium macrorrhizum

Semievergreen, carpeting perennial
bearing magenta flowers in early
summer. Rounded, divided, aromatic
leaves make good, weed-proof
groundcover and assume bright tints in
fall. H 12-15in (30-38cm), S 24in (60cm).

# 6 Z4—8 H8-1

Berkheya purpurea

Clump-forming perennial with
large, daisylike, lavender flower
heads in summer. Has oblong-lance¬
shaped, spiny, silvery-gray basal
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Platycodon grandiflorus

(Balloon flower)

Neat, clump-forming perennial that in
summer has clusters of large, balloon¬
like buds opening to bell-shaped, blue
or purplish flowers. Stems are clothed
with bluish-green leaves. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).

-:§ ; - 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Tradescantia Andersoniana Group
'Purple Dome'

Clump-forming perennial with narrow,
lance-shaped leaves, 6-12in (15-30cm)
long. Has clusters of rich purple flowers,
surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts, in
summer. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

4 Z7-9 H9-i

Potentilla atrosanguinea

Clump-forming perennial with hairy,
palmate, strawberry-like leaves. Loose
clusters of dark red flowers are borne
throughout summer. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z8—15 H12-1

Centaurea montana

Spreading perennial with many rather

lax stems carrying, in early summer,
one or more large, purple, blue, white
or pink flower heads with thistle-like
centers encircled by star-shaped ray
petals. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Geranium x magnificum

Clump-forming perennial with hairy,
deeply lobed leaves and cup-shaped,
prominently veined, violet-blue flowers
borne in small clusters in summer.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 © Z5—9 H9-5

Stokesia lae vis

Perennial with overwintering, evergreen
rosettes. In summer, cornflower-like,
lavender- or purple-blue flower heads
are borne freely. Leaves are narrow and
mid-green. H and S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

269

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

SMALL

SUMMER

PURPLE

BLUE

Geranium 'Johnson's Blue'

Vigorous, clump-forming perennial
with many divided leaves and cup¬
shaped, deep lavender-blue flowers
borne throughout summer.

H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

■"v. ' f tth*

1

Stachys macrantha 'Superba'

Clump-forming perennial with heart-
shaped, soft, wrinkled, mid-green
leaves, from which arise sturdy stems
producing whorls of hooded, purple-
violet flowers in summer. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Eryngium bourgatii

Clump-forming perennial that,
from mid- to late summer, carries
heads of thistle-like, blue-green,
then lilac-blue, flowers on branched,
wiry stems well above deeply cut,
basal, gray-green leaves. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Polemonium caeruleum

(Jacob's ladder)

Clump-forming perennial. Clusters
of cup-shaped, lavender-blue flowers
with orange-yellow stamens open in
summer amid finely divided foliage.
H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

0 Z5-8 H8-4

6 Z5-9 H9-5

6 Z4-9 H9-1

Nepeta x faassenii (Catmint)

Bushy, clump-forming perennial,
useful for edging. Forms mounds
of small, grayish-green leaves, from
which loose spikes of tubular, soft
lavender-blue flowers appear in
early summer. H and S 18in (45cm).

Anemonopsis macrophylla

(False anemone)

Clump-forming perennial with
waxy, nodding, purplish-blue flowers,
borne on slender, branching stems
in summer above fernlike leaves.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 20in (50cm).

270

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

£) Z5—8 H8-5

Catananche caerulea 'Major'

Perennial forming clumps of grassy,
gray-green leaves, above which rise
wiry, branching stems each carrying
a daisylike, lavender-blue flower head
in summer. Propagate regularly by
root cuttings. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 24in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

brise d'anjou ('Blanjou')

Clump-forming, short-lived perennial
with clusters of cup-shaped, lavender-
blue flowers in summer. Has finely
divided, mid-green leaves with creamy-
yellow margins, paler if grown in shade.
H 24in (60cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).

6 Z4—9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Amsonia orientalis

Neat, clump-forming perennial. In
summer, heads of small, star-shaped,
gray-blue flowers open on tops of wiry
stems clothed with green, sometimes
grayish, leaves. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

Eryngium variifolium

Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
with stiff stems that, in late summer,
bear heads of thistle-like, gray-blue
flowers, each with a collar of white
bracts. Jagged-edged leaves are
mid-green, marbled with white.

H 18in (45cm), S lOin (25cm).

Scabiosa caucasica 'Clive Greaves'

Clump-forming perennial that
throughout summer has violet-blue
flower heads with pincushion-like
centers. Basal, mid-green leaves are
lance-shaped and slightly lobed on
the stems. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Geranium rozanne ('Gerwat')

Sprawling, deciduous perennial
producing masses of large, shallowly
cup-shaped, blue flowers during
summer and into fall. Rounded, deeply
divided basal leaves are mid-green
with marbled, paler green markings.

H and S 20in (50cm) or more.

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

& 6 Z5-9 H9-5

6 Z4—9 H9-1

Z4-9 H10-2

Myosotidium hortensia
(Chatham Island forget-me-not)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
bearing large clusters of forget-me-not-
like, blue flowers in summer above a
basal mound of large, ribbed, glossy
leaves. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 24in (60cm).

#fc- A hi l-i

Veronica peduncularis

Mat-forming perennial with ovate to
lance-shaped, glossy, purple-tinged,
mid-green leaves. Bears abundant,
saucer-shaped, deep blue flowers,
with small, white eyes, over a long
period from early spring to summer.

H to 4in (10cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

Veronica gentianoides

Mat-forming perennial with spikes of
very pale blue flowers opening in early
summer on tops of stems that arise from
glossy, basal leaves. H and S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Parahebe perfoliata

(Digger's speedwell)

Evergreen subshrub with willowy
stems clasped by leathery, glaucous
leaves. Elegant, long, branching sprays
of blue flowers are borne in summer.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z9—11 HI1-3

Veronica spicata subsp. incana

Mat-forming perennial, densely
covered with silver hairs, with linear to
lance-shaped leaves. In summer, bears
spikes of small, star-shaped, clear blue
flowers. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

271

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

H. tokudama f. flavocircinalis

H. 'Ground Master' H. 'Minuteman'

H. 'Devon Green'

H. 'Halcyon'

H. 'June'

H. 'Hadspen Blue'

H. 'Antioch'

H. 'Regal Splendor'

H. 'Gold Edger'

H. sieboldiana

H. 'Night Before Christmas'

H. 'Cherry Berry'

H. nigrescens

H. 'Invincible'

HOSTAS

Their luxuriant foliage and attractive habit have made hostas,
or plantain lilies, increasingly sought after as garden plants.
Native to Asia, they add an exotic touch to watersides or
damp, shady corners, and large patio containers. Hostas vary
in size from plants a few inches in height, to tall forms that
make clumps up to 5ft (1.5m) across. Their elegant, deciduous
leaves appear in mid-spring and are incredibly diverse in
shape, texture, and color, with dramatic variegations and
shadings. Many produce decorative flower spikes, which rise
gracefully above the foliage in mid-summer and may be
scented, according to variety. Although hostas are essentially
shade- and moisture-loving plants, preferring rich, well-
drained soil, they also tolerate drier soil. Protect the leaves
from slug damage.

/. Jf

1 <

PERENNIALS

SMALL

SUMMER

GRAY

W V*

JV /f,U

Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie Finnis'

Semievergreen, upright then arching
perennial with silvery-gray leaves,
the lower ones are broad and lobed
while the upper ones are narrow
and spear-shaped. Bears spires of
insignificant, yellowish flowers in late
summer. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (90cm).

Stachys byzantina
(Lamb's ears, Woolly betony)

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
woolly, gray foliage that is excellent
I for a border front or as groundcover.
Bears mauve-pink flowers in summer.

H 12-15in (30-38cm), S 24in (60cm).

274 .. A

-:0; 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Hosta tokudama f. aureonebulosa

Very slow-growing, clump-forming
perennial bearing cup-shaped, puckered,
blue leaves with irregular, cloudy-yellow
centers. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, pale
lilac-gray flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm)
long, are produced just above foliage in
mid-summer. H 18in (45cm), S 30in (75cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-3

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

GREEN

Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata'

(Variegated apple mint)

Spreading perennial with soft, woolly,
mid-green leaves, splashed with white
and cream, that smell of apples. Seldom
produces flowers. H 12-18in (30-45cm),
S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-5

Filipendula ulmaria 'Aurea'

Leafy perennial, grown for its divided
foliage, which is bright golden-yellow
in spring and pale green in summer.
Clusters of creamy-white flowers are
carried in branching heads in mid¬
summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-1

YELLOW

Sisyrinchium striatum

Semievergreen perennial that forms
tufts of long, narrow, gray-green leaves.
Bears slender spikes of purple-striped,
straw-yellow flowers in summer.
Self-seeds freely. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

6 Z7-8 H8-7

Origanum vulgare 'Aureum'

Woody-based perennial forming a
dense mat of aromatic, golden-yellow,
young leaves that turn pale yellow-
green in mid-summer. Occasionally
bears tiny, mauve flowers in summer.
H in leaf 3in (8cm), S indefinite.

6 Z4—9 H10-2

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Stachys byzantina 'Primrose Heron'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with woolly, yellowish-gray leaves,
to 4in (10cm) long. Erect stems bear
interrupted spikes of pink-purple
flowers from early summer to early
fall. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Calanthe striata

Deciduous, terrestrial orchid with
erect spikes of fragrant, yellow or
yellow-and-brown flowers, each with
a 3-lobed lip, borne in late spring and
early summer, before the 2-3 long,
broadly oblong, ribbed leaves fully
expand. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm).

Z6-9 H9-6

Alchemilla conjuncta

Clump-forming perennial that has neat,
wavy, star-shaped leaves with pale
margins. In mid-summer, bears loose
clusters of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers,
with conspicuous, outer calyces, which
may be dried for winter decoration.

H and S 12in (30cm).

0 £> Z3-7 H7-1

Alchemilla mollis (Lady's mantle)

Clump-forming, groundcover
perennial that has rounded, pale green
leaves with crinkled edges. Bears small
sprays of tiny, bright greenish-yellow
flowers, with conspicuous outer calyces,
in mid-summer that may be dried.

H and S 20in (50cm).

6 Z4-7 H7-i

Patrinia triloba

Clump-forming perennial with broad,
3- to 5-lobed, bright green leaves that
turn yellow in fall. In summer upright
stems bear panicles of small, fragrant,
5-petaled, bright yellow flowers.

H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).

& 6 Z5-8 H8-4

Ranunculus constantinopolitanus
'Plenus'

Clump-forming perennial with divided,
toothed leaves sometimes spotted gray
and white. Neat, pompon-like, double,
yellow flowers appear in early summer.
H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 A ® Z7-9 H9-7

Oenothera fruticosa 'Fyrverkeri'

Clump-forming perennial that from
mid- to late summer bears spikes
of fragrant, cup-shaped flowers. Has
reddish stems and glossy, mid-green
foliage. H and S 12-15in (30-38cm).

6 Z4—8 H8-1

Helichrysum 'Schwefellicht'

Clump-forming perennial that

bears silver-gray leaves and a mass
of ever-lasting, fluffy, sulfur-yellow
flower heads from mid- to late summer.
H 16-24in (40-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Solidago x luteus

Clump-forming perennial. From

mid-summer onward, slender stems
carry dense heads of bright creamy-
yellow flowers above narrow, mid-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm).

6 Zio-ll Hll-l

&: 6 Z5-8 H8-5

275

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

SMALL

SUMMER

YELLOW

Ceum 'Lady Stratheden'

Clump-forming perennial with lobed
leaves and cup-shaped, double, bright
yellow flowers with prominent, green
stamens borne on slender, branching
stems for a long period in summer.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

Coreopsis verticillata

Bushy perennial with finely divided,
dark green foliage and many tiny,
star-shaped, golden flower heads
borne throughout summer. Divide and
replant in spring. H 16-24in (40-60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Potentilla megalantha

Clump-forming perennial with large,
palmate, hairy, soft green leaves.
Large, rich yellow flowers are
produced in summer. H 8in (20cm),

S 6in (15cm).

Eriophyllum lanatum

Perennial forming low cushions of
divided, silvery leaves. Daisylike,
yellow flower heads are produced
freely in summer, usually singly,
on gray stems. H and S 12in (30cm).

Ranunculus acris 'Flore Pleno'

(Double meadow buttercup)

Clump-forming perennial. Wiry stems
with lobed and cut leaves act as a foil
for rosetted, double, golden-yellow
flowers in late spring and early
summer. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 A ® Z4-8 H8-1

276

Buphthalmum salicifolium

(Yellow ox-eye)

Spreading perennial that carries
daisylike, deep yellow flower heads
singly on willowy stems throughout
summer. May need staking. Divide
regularly; spreads on rich soil.

H 24in (60cm), S 36in (90cm).

Tropaeolum polyphyllum

Prostrate perennial with spurred,
short, trumpet-shaped, rich yellow
flowers, borne singly in summer above
trailing, gray-green leaves and stems.
May spread widely once established
but is good on a bank. H 2-3in (5-8cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more.

Coreopsis lanceolata

Bushy perennial that in summer freely
produces daisylike, bright yellow flower
heads on branching stems. Lance¬
shaped leaves are borne on flower
stems. Propagate by seed or division.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z8-11 H12-1

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

Hieracium lanatum

Clump-forming perennial that produces
mounds of broad, downy, gray leaves,
above which dandelion-like, yellow
flower heads appear on wiry stems
in summer. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Calceolaria 'John Innes'

Vigorous, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial that in spring-summer
produces large, pouchlike, reddish-
brown-spotted, deep yellow flowers,
several to each stem. Has broadly
oval, basal, mid-green leaves.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H6-1

Inula ensifolia

Clump-forming perennial with small,
lance-shaped to elliptic leaves, bearing
many daisylike, yellow flower heads,
singly on wiry stalks, in late summer.

H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

ORANGE

Inula royleana

Upright, clump-forming perennial
with dark green stems and ovate,
hairy leaves. Bears solitary, orange-
yellow flower heads, 4-5in (10-12cm)
across, from mid-summer to early fall.
H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Libertia ixioides 'Goldfinger'

Evergreen, clump-forming
rhizomatous perennial grown for its
lance-shaped, golden-orange leaves,
the color intensifying in winter. Has
short panicles of saucer-shaped, white
flowers in summer. H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

WHITE

Tricyrtis hirta var. alba

Upright, rhizomatous perennial that
bears clusters of large, bell-shaped,
spurred, white flowers, occasionally
purple-spotted, in upper leaf axils of
hairy, stem-clasping, dark green leaves
during late summer and early fall.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 A Z4-9 H9-8

Caillardia 'Oranges and Lemons'

Upright, rather open perennial that
produces daisylike, yellow-tipped.

peachy-orange flower heads throughout
summer. Has lance-shaped, toothed,
hairy, mid-green leaves. Plants may
be short-lived. Is excellent in a border.

H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H8-1

Aspidistra elatior 'Variegata'

Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial
with upright, narrow, glossy, dark
green leaves that are longitudinally
cream-striped. Occasionally has
inconspicuous, cream to purple
flowers near soil level. H 24in (60cm),
S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z7-11 HI1-4

Clechoma hederacea 'Variegata'

(Variegated ground ivy)

Evergreen, carpeting perennial that
has small, heart-shaped leaves, with
white marbling, on trailing stems.
Bears insignificant flowers in summer.
Spreads rapidly but is useful for a
container. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.

0 6Z6-9 H9-6

277

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

SMALL

FALL

PINK

Begonia grandis subsp. evansiana

Tuberous begonia with oval, toothed,
often red- or bronze-tinged, olive-green
leaves, up to 6in (15cm) long, and
pendant fragrant, single, pink flowers,
to 114in (3cm) across in late summer
and fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Astrantia major 'Roma'

Clump-forming perennial bearing
masses of sterile, pink flower heads,
which gradually fade to green, borne
on slender stems from summer until
the first frosts. H and S 24in (60cm).

Z6-9 H9-5

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

Astrantia maxima

Clump-forming perennial that bears
rose-pink flower heads during summer-
fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z5-8 hs-i

278 ...

I A Hll-l

0 £> Z8-9 H9-8

Begonia taliensis

Erect, tuberous perennial with pointed,
oval, light green leaves marbled silver
and purple-brown. Produces many
small, single, shell-pink flowers in
late fall. H 20in (50cm), S 14in (35cm).

Diascia barberae 'Blackthorn Apricot'

Mat-forming perennial with narrowly
heart-shaped, tapering leaves. From
summer to fall, produces loose
racemes of apricot-pink flowers with
small, narrow "windows" and almost
straight, downward-pointing spurs.

H lOin (25cm), S to 20in (50cm).

Schizostylis coccinea 'Sunrise'

Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
that in early fall produces spikes of
large, shallowly cup-shaped, pink
flowers above grassy, mid-green foliage.
H 24in (60cm), S 9-12in (23-30cm).

-:§ ; - 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Sedum spectabile 'Brilliant'

(Ice-plant)

Clump-forming perennial that from
late summer to fall produces flat heads
of bright rose-pink flowers. These are
borne over a mass of fleshy, gray-
green leaves and attract butterflies.

H and S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 © Z4-9 H9-1

Senecio pulcher

Perennial with leathery, hairy, dark
green leaves. In summer-fall produces
handsome, daisylike, yellow-centered,
bright purplish-pink flower heads.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 ® Zll-15 H12-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

RED

Tellima grandiflora Rubra Group

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial with a mass of hairy, basal,
reddish-purple leaves, underlaid dark
green. In late spring, erect stems bear
spikes of bell-shaped, pinkish-cream
flowers. H and S 24in (60cm).

'$■ 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Schizostylis coccinea 'Major'

Rhizomatous perennial with long,
narrow, grasslike leaves. Gladiolus-like
spikes of cup-shaped, bright crimson
flowers appear in fall. H 24in (60cm)
or more, S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 (k Z7-9 H9-7

Cautleya spicata

Upright perennial that in summer and
early fall bears spikes of light orange or
soft yellow flowers in maroon-red bracts.
Has handsome, long, mid-green leaves.
Needs a sheltered site and rich, deep
soil. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 (k Z7-9 H9-7

SEDUM

With fleshy, drought-resistant foliage and heads of tiny, star¬
shaped flowers from summer to fall, Sedum are useful perennials
for herbaceous borders and gravel gardens, while their nectar-
rich blooms also make them a good choice for wildlife and
naturalistic schemes. The flowers of the taller herbaceous plants
are mostly in shades of pink and red, although white and yellow
blooms are also available. Many have purple-tinged or variegated
foliage, which extends their season of interest; the faded flowers
and seed heads also provide a colorful display in late fall and
winter. Plants thrive in full sun and free-draining soil, and will
bulk up quickly. Divide them regularly to prevent clumps from
flopping open, and stake taller varieties. Protect young growth
from slugs in spring and early summer.

S. telephium 'Purple Emperor'

S. erythrostictum 'Mediovariegatum' S. 'Ruby Glow' S. 'Red Cauli'

S. spectabile 'Iceberg' S. 'IVIatrona' S. telephium 'Gooseberry Fool'

S. aizoon 'Aurantiacum' (D

S. telephium 'Strawberries and Cream'

PERENNIALS

SMALL

FALL

PURPLE

Tulbaghia violacea

Vigorous, semievergreen, clump¬

forming perennial that in summer-
fall carries umbels of lilac-purple
or lilac-pink flowers above a mass of
narrow, glaucous, blue-gray leaves.
H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Liriope muscari

Evergreen, spreading perennial that
in fall carries spikes of thickly clustered,
rounded-bell-shaped, lavender or
purple-blue flowers among narrow,
glossy, dark green leaves. H 12in (30cm),
S 18in (45cm).

& 6 Z7-10 H10-7

0 6 Z6-10 Hll-1

280

Heuchera 'Plum Pudding'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with rounded, deeply lobed, silvery-
purple leaves. Long sprays of tiny,
bell-shaped, pinkish flowers are borne
in summer. Rejuvenate regularly to
keep it healthy. A good foil for other
plants. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-1

Physostegia virginiana 'Vivid'

(Obedient plant)

Erect, compact perennial that in late
summer and early fall bears spikes
of tubular, dark lilac-pink flowers that
can be placed in position. Has toothed,
mid-green leaves. H and S 12-24in
(30-60cm).

6 Z2-8 H8-1

Agastache 'Black Adder'

Upright perennial with whorled spires
of smoky, purple-blue flowers from
early summer to mid fall, above oval,
pointed, toothed, aromatic, mid-green
leaves. Is good for attracting insects.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z8-11 H12-5

Bergenia purpurascens

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with oval to spoon-shaped, flat, dark
green leaves turning to beet-red in
late fall. In spring bears racemes
of open cup-shaped rich red flowers.
H 16in (40cm), S 42in (60cm) or more.

6 Z3-8 H8-i

Opbiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens'

Evergreen, spreading, clump-forming
perennial, grown for its distinctive,
grasslike, black leaves. Racemes of lilac
flowers in summer are followed by black
fruits. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z 6-11 Hii-i

Geranium 'Orion'

Deciduous, clump-forming perennial
producing masses of large, shallowly
cup-shaped, violet-blue flowers from
early summer until mid fall. Has
deeply lobed, mid-green basal leaves,
each divided to the base into 7 sections.
H and S 20in (50cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WINTER/ALL YEAR

WHITE

Helleborus niger 'Potter's Wheel'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with divided, deep green leaves and
cup-shaped, nodding, pure white
flowers, with overlapping petals
and green "eyes," borne in winter
or early spring. H and S 12in (30cm).

Helleborus niger 'HGC Josef Lemper'

Evergreen, clump-forming, upright

perennial with divided, rich, dark
green leaves. Slightly fragrant, rounded,
pure white flowers, with overlapping
petals, are borne on sturdy stems from
mid-fall to late winter. H to 12in (30cm),

S 18in (45cm).

Helleborus x nigercors

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with matt green leaves, 14in (35cm) long
with 3-5 broad, evenly toothed segments.
From mid-winter to early spring bears
branched clusters of 10-20 saucer¬
shaped, green-tinted, cream or white
flowers. H 16in (40cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 ® Z4-8 H9-1

-#fc- 6 ® Z4-8 H9-1

6 ® Z4—9 H9-1

LENTEN ROSES

Helleborus x hybridus (lenten roses) are
the hybrids between H. orientalis and
other species. They flower in winter and
spring, and are so varied that they're
often sold by description or collection,
rather than as named varieties. Their
single or double flowers last for a few
months and open in a range of whites, Harvington hybrids [single, red] ® [double, slate] ®

yellows, pinks, and purples, often
spotted or with darker edges. Most are
evergreen, with large, toothed, divided
leaves, and prefer moist, neutral to
alkaline soil, but need protection from
strong, winter winds. They will naturally
hybridize and self-seed, and it's worth
allowing your own seedlings to develop.

[double, plum] ®

Bradfield hybrids

[double, apricot with spots] ©

Ashwood Carden hybrids

[double, black] ®

[double, white with spots] ®

Harvington hybrids

[double, apricot] ®

[double, white] ®

Ashwood Carden hybrids [double, pink] ®

HEUCHERAAND
X HEUCHERELLA

Once regarded as a useful cottage-garden groundcovering
perennial, grown for its sprays of red flowers and evergreen
foliage, the selections of Heuchera bred in recent years have
transformed this humble plant into a horticultural superstar.
The leaves come in many colors, from near black and purple
to pink, peach, and yellow-green, and plants are ideal for
containers as well as borders. Selections of x Heucherella, a
cross between Heuchera and Tiarella, are smaller and more
dainty. Plant all types in moist but well-drained soil and
partial shade, but site brighter-leaved cultivars in a sunnier
position. Most plants should be split and replanted every
few years to prevent the crown from becoming woody and
to keep them in good health.

Heuchera 'Midnight Rose' Heuchera 'Chocolate Ruffles' Heuchera creme brulee

('Tnheu041')

Heuchera 'Ebony and Ivory' Heuchera 'Can-can'

Heuchera 'Beauty Colour' x Heucherella tiarelloides Heuchera 'Tiramisu' Heuchera 'Peach Flambe'

'Kimono'

282

Heuchera 'Peppermint Spice'

Heuchera 'Cinnabar Silver'

x Heucherella tiarelloides
'Stoplight'

Heuchera 'Georgia Peach'

Heuchera 'Lime Rickey'

Heuchera 'Amber Waves'

SMALL

WINTER/ALL YEAR

Ophiopogon japonicus

Evergreen, clump or mat-forming
perennial with grasslike, glossy, dark
green foliage. Spikes of lilac flowers in
late summer are followed by blue-black
berries. H 12in (30cm) S indefinite.

0 6 Z7-io Hii-i

Helleborus x sternii
'Boughton Beauty'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with purple-pink stems and divided,
veined, mid-green leaves. Cup-shaped,
pink-purple flowers, with green insides,
are borne in terminal clusters in winter-
early spring. H and S 20-24in (50-60cm).

0 (k ® Z5—8 H8-5

Helleborus foetidus
(Stinking hellebore)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with deeply divided, dark green leaves
and, in late winter and early spring,
panicles of cup-shaped, red-margined,
pale green flowers. H and S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z6—9 H9-6

Helleborus foetidus Wester Flisk Group

Evergreen, semiwoody perennial with
small, cup-shaped, purple-rimmed pale
green flowers, borne on floppy, red-
green stems in winter and spring.

Has red-stalked, dark gray-green leaves
divided into slender, slightly toothed
leaflets. H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Dianella caerulea cassa blue ('Dbb03')

Evergreen, tuft-forming perennial
with narrowly lance-shaped, upright,
dusky-blue leaves arising from a
slowly creeping rootstock. Star-shaped,
blue flowers in panicles in spring are
followed by blue berries. H 20in (50cm),

S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

*

1

Helleborus odorus

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial with deeply divided, deep
green basal leaves, hairy beneath, with 5
central leaflets. From early winter-early
spring bears clusters of 3-5 fragrant,
saucer-shaped, bright green to yellow-
green flowers. H and S to 12in (30cm).

0 <k ® Z4-8 H8-1

Soleirolia soleirolii
(Baby's tears, Irish moss)

Usually evergreen, invasive, prostrate
perennial with small, round, vivid
green leaves that form a carpet. May
choke other plants if not controlled.

H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

0 A Z10-15 H12-10

Helleborus cyclophyllus

Clump-forming perennial with palmate,
deeply divided, bright green leaves.

In early spring produces shallowly
cup-shaped, yellow-green flowers with
prominent, yellowish-white stamens.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 (k ® Z6-9 H9-6

283

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES AND SEDGES

WHITE

Pleioblastus variegatus
(Dwarf white-stripe bamboo)

Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo
with narrow, slightly downy, white-
striped leaves. Stems are branched near
the base. H 30in (80cm), S indefinite.

0 6 Z6-11 HI 1-6

Cortaderia selloana
'Sunningdale Silver'

Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
grass with narrow, sharp-edged,
recurved leaves, 5ft (1.5m) long.

Bears long-lasting, feathery panicles
of creamy-white spikelets in late
summer. H 7ft (2.1m), S 4ft (1.2m).

Luzula nivea (Snowy woodrush)

Evergreen, slow-spreading, perennial
rush with fairly dense clusters of shining,
white flower spikes in early summer.
Leaves are edged with white hairs.

H 24in (60cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Cortaderia richardii

Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
grass with bladelike, sharply edged,
upright, olive-green leaves. In
summer has plumelike, 1-sided,
parchment-colored panicles on
tall stems. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm).

-X* 6 Z4-9 H9-1

-0 6 Z7-io mo-7

0 6 Z6—15 H12-1

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

Miscanthus sinensis 'Zebrinus'

Sasa veitcbii

Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo.
Leaves, lOin (25cm) long, soon develop
white edges. Stems, often purple,
produce a single branch at each node.
White powder appears beneath nodes.
H to 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.

Lagurus ovatus (Hare's-tail grass)

Tuft-forming, annual grass that in early
summer bears dense, egg-shaped,
soft panicles of white flower spikes,
with golden stamens, lasting well
into fall. Leaves are long, narrow and
flat. Self-seeds readily. H 18in (45cm),

S 6in (15cm).

284 ...

I --Q:- (j Hii-i

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass. Leaves, hairy beneath, have
transverse, yellowish-white ring
markings. May carry awned, hairy,
white spikelets in fan-shaped panicles
in fall. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

Calamagrostis brachytricha

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass with linear, arching, gray-green
leaves. In late summer has tall erect
stems bearing slender, gray-green
inflorescences in narrow panicles,
which last into winter, turning straw
colored. H 414ft (1.4m), S 20in (50cm).

0 A Z4-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Miscanthus sinensis
'Yakushima Dwarf

Compact, herbaceous, clump-forming,
perennial grass with fine, arching,
silvery-green leaves borne on short,
upright stems. In late summer produces
plumelike panicles of long-lasting, gray-
white spikelets. H 3ft (lm), S 24in (60cm).

RED

Chionochloa rubra

Evergreen, tussock-forming, perennial
grass with linear, arching, tightly
inrolled, reddish-green leaves. In
summer produces panicles of dainty,
bronze-colored spikelets amid the
leaves. Makes a superb potted specimen.
H and S 28in (70cm).

0 6 Z8-11 H12-7

Eragrostis curvula Totnes Burgundy 7

Herbaceous, densely tufted, perennial

grass with narrowly linear, arching, dark
green leaves, which turn dark burgundy-
red from the tips downward. Nodding
panicles of brownish spikelets are borne
in summer. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm).

Elegia capensis

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with tall, horsetail-like, arching stems
bearing whorls of soft, slender, dark
green, needle-shaped, leaflike shoots.
Stout, reddish-green shoots, with papery
sheaths at each node, are produced from
the base in spring. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

6 Z9-ii Hii-io

0 6Z8-11 HU-7

Cortaderia selloana 'Silver Comet 7

Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
grass with very narrow, sharp-edged,
recurved leaves, 3ft (lm) long, that have
silver margins. Carries plumelike
panicles of spikelets from late summer.
H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

Miscanthus sinensis

var. condensatus 'Cosmopolitan 7

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass with white-striped leaves borne on
upright, sturdy stems. Plumelike panicles
of silvery-white spikelets appear from late
summer. Dried stems remain attractive
into winter. H 6ft (2m), S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z7-U HU-7

-£> ; - 6 Z6—9 H9-1

Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra 7

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass. Linear, upright, bright green
leaves turn bright red in late summer
and fall, dying down in winter. Narrow,
spikelike panicles of silvery-white
spikelets are borne occasionally, in late
summer. H and S 20in (50cm) or more.

6 Z5-9 H9-3

Molinia caerulea

subsp. caerulea 'Heidebraut 7

Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect,
perennial grass with linear, mid-green
leaves that turn golden-yellow in fall.
Has masses of tall, arching stems
bearing purplish spikelets in late
summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).

A Z5—9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES AND SEDGES

PURPLE

GREEN

Melica altissima 'Atropurpurea'

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
grass with broad leaves, short-haired
beneath. Purple spikelets in narrow
panicles, 4in (10cm) long, hang from
the tops of stems during summer.

H and S 24in (60cm).

Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
'Transparent'

Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect,
perennial grass with linear, mid-green
leaves that turn straw-yellow in fall.

Tall, supple stems bear open panicles
of purplish-green spikelets in summer.

H 6ft (2m), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

A Z5-9 H9-1

RED

Miscanthus sinensis 'Flamingo'

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass with narrow, arching, mid-green
leaves borne on sturdy stems. In late
summer has plumelike panicles of
feathery, pinkish-red spikelets. These
remain in good shape well into winter.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-1

Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus'

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass with very narrow leaves, hairy
beneath, often turning bronze. May
bear fan-shaped panicles of awned,
hairy, white spikelets in early fall.

H 4ft (1.2m), S lV 2 ft (45cm).

286 ...

-:0; 6 Z6-9 H9-1

Phyllostachys nigra (Black bamboo)

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo with
grooved, greenish-brown stems that
turn black in second season. Almost
unmarked culm sheaths bear bristled
auricles and mid-green leaves. Flowers
are unimportant as they are so rarely
produced. H 20-25ft (6-8m), S indefinite.

6 Z7-11 HI 1-4

Stipa calamagrostis

Herbaceous or semievergreen,
perennial grass forming tufts of linear,
inrolled, bluish-green leaves, turning
yellowish in fall. In summer has
feathery, arching panicles of silvery-
white spikelets, which age to reddish
brown. H and S 32in (80cm).

0 6 Z7-10 H10-1

Pennisetum villosum (Feather-top)

Herbaceous, tuft-forming, perennial
grass with long-haired stems. In fall has
panicles of creamy-pink spikelets, fading
to pale brown, with very long, bearded
bristles. H to 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

6 Z9-ii Hii-i

Hordeum jubatum

(Foxtail barley, Squirrel tail grass)

Tufted, short-lived perennial or
annual grass. In summer to early
fall has flat, arching, feathery, plume¬
like flower spikes with silky awns.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-i

Thamnocalamus crassinodus
'Kew Beauty'

Evergreen or semievergreen, clump¬
forming bamboo with small, lance¬
shaped, grayish-green leaves borne
on arching, blue-gray stems that age
gradually to reddish-brown. Needs a
sheltered position. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m).

6 Z9-11 H12-8

Juncus effusus f. spiralis
(Corkscrew rush)

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
rush with leafless stems that twist
and curl and are often prostrate. Fairly
dense, greenish-brown flower panicles
form in summer. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 A Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Stipa gigantea (Golden oats)

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
grass with narrow leaves, 18in (45cm) or
more long. In summer carries elegant,
open panicles of silvery spikelets,
with long awns and dangling, golden
anthers, which persist well into winter.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm).

Phyllostachys bambusoides

(Timber bamboo)

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
with sturdy, erect, green stems. Bears
leaf sheaths with prominent bristles,
and large, broad leaves. H 20-25ft
(6-8m), S indefinite.

Semiarundinaria fastuosa
(Narihira bamboo)

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
with 6in (15cm) long leaves and short,
tufted branches at each node. Culm
sheaths open to reveal polished,
purplish interiors. H 20ft (6m),

S indefinite.

6 Z7-io mo-7

Pseudosasa japonica

(Arrow bamboo, Metake)

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
that may run. Has long-persistent,
roughly pubescent, brown sheaths
and broad leaves, 14in (35cm) long.
H 15ft (5m), S indefinite.

& 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Ampelodesmos mauritanica

Dense, evergreen, clump-forming,
perennial grass with linear, gray-green
leaves, to 3ft (lm) long, with dark
green undersides. In summer, long-
lasting one-sided panicles of purplish-
green flowers are borne on upright,
lofty stems. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm).

£>:- 6 Z8-15 H12-1

tl **i

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1 v V

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Phyllostachys nigra f. henonis

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
with bristled auricles on culm sheaths
and a profusion of leaves. H 30ft (10m),
S 6-1 Oft (2-3m).

Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo
with greenish-brown stems that arch
at the base. Has white powder beneath
nodes. H 20-25ft (6-8m), S indefinite.

6 Z7-io mo-e

Shibataea kumasasa

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo

with stubby, side branches on
greenish-brown stems. Leaves
are broad, 2-4in (5-10cm) long.
H 3-5ft (1-1.5m), S 12in (30cm).

0 6Z8-10 H10-7

Chimonobambusa timidissinoda

Vigorous, evergreen, rhizomatous
bamboo with curiously prominent,
green stems, flared at each node.
Lance-shaped, dark green leaves
have a feathery look. May need
restraining. H and S 16ft (5m) or more.

0 6 Z7-11 HU-4

-£> ; - 6 Z7-11 HI 1-1

6 Z6—15 H12-1

6Z9-11 H12-8

287

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES AND SEDGES

GREEN

YELLOW

Chasmanthium latifolium

Herbaceous, clump-forming, perennial
grass with broadly lance-shaped, short¬
stemmed, light green leaves that turn
pale beige in winter. In summer has
open panicles of oatlike, arching, green
spikelets aging to beige. H 3ft (lm),

S 24in (60cm).

Helictotrichon sempervirens

(Blue oat grass)

Evergreen, tufted, perennial grass with
stiff, silvery-blue leaves up to 12in (30cm)
or more long. Produces erect panicles
of straw-colored flower spikes in
summer. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1

Yushania anceps 'Pitt White'

Very vigorous, evergreen, rhizomatous,
clump-forming bamboo with upright,
shiny, dark green stems that arch
with age. Produces almost weeping
branches of narrowly lance-shaped,
fresh green leaves, with purple-tinted
stalks. H 30ft (10m), S indefinite.

288 ...

-:0; 6 Z8—13 H12-8

Chusquea culeou (Chilean bamboo)

Slow-growing, evergreen, clump¬
forming bamboo. Bears long-lasting
culm sheaths, shining white when
young, at the swollen nodes of sturdy,
solid stems. H to 15ft (5m), S 8ft (2.5m)
or more.

0 6 Z8-11 H8-10

Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe Tatra'

Evergreen, mound-forming, perennial
sedge with broadly linear, bright
golden-yellow leaves turning yellowish-
green in summer. Short stems bear
open panicles of brown flowers in
summer. H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z4—9 H9-4

Phyllostachys aurea
(Golden bamboo)

Vigorous, evergreen, clump-forming
bamboo with upright, grooved,
yellow-green stems and cup-shaped
swellings beneath each node. Has
narrowly lance-shaped, pointed, green
leaves. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m) or more.

6 Z7-11 Hll-7

Carex oshimensis 'Evergold'

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
sedge with narrow, yellow-striped
leaves, 8in (20cm) long. Solid, triangular
stems may carry insignificant flower
spikes in summer. H 8in (20cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Stipa tenuissima

Deciduous, tuft-forming, perennial grass
with narrowly linear, upright, tightly
inrolled, bright green leaves. From
early summer has plumelike panicles
of silvery-green spikelets, turning to
pale beige as seeds form. H 24in (60cm),
S 16in (40cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 Z7-11 H12-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ORANGE

Deschampsia cespitosa 'Goldtau'

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
grass with cloudlike panicles of tiny,
golden-yellow spikelets in summer.
Both spikelets and the linear, sharp-
edged, dark green leaves turn golden
in fall. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm).

A S5 Z5—9 H9-1

Pleioblastus viridistriatus

Evergreen, slow-spreading bamboo
with purple stems and broad, softly
downy, bright yellow leaves with
green stripes. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.

0 6 Z7-11 HU-1

Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis

Evergreen, clump-forming, slow-

growing bamboo with bright lemon-
yellow stems. Narrowly lance-shaped,
dark evergreen leaves make the perfect
foil for the stems. H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m)
or more.

Z7-10 H10-7

Alopecurus pratensis
'Aureovariegatus' (Golden foxtail)

Herbaceous, tuft-forming, perennial
grass with yellow or yellowish-green-
streaked leaves and dense flower spikes
in summer. H and S 9-12in (23-30cm).

Spartina pectinata 'Aureomarginata'

Herbaceous, spreading, rhizomatous

grass with long, arching, yellow-striped
leaves, which turn orange-brown in late
fall to winter. H to 6ft (2m), S indefinite.

Panicum virgatum 'Northwind'

Herbaceous, clump-forming, erect,
perennial grass with broad, dark

bluish-green leaves turning golden-
yellow in fall, when tall, narrow
panicles of pinkish-green spikelets
are borne and age to silvery-green.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 36in (90cm).

£>:- 6 Z5-8 H8-5

A Z8-11 H12-8

6 Z5-9 H9-i

Hakonechloa macro 'Aureola'

Slow-growing, herbaceous, shortly
rhizomatous grass with purple stems
and green-striped, yellow leaves that
age to reddish-brown. Open panicles
of reddish-brown flower spikes appear
in early fall and last into winter.

H 16in (40cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

-£> ; - 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Stipa lessoniana (Pheasant's-tail grass)

Evergreen/semievergreen, tuft-forming,
perennial grass with linear, olive-green
leaves tinted reddish-orange. In summer,
arching, open panicles of tiny, purplish-
green spikelets shimmer amid the
leaves. Has good winter form and color.
H 20in (50cm), S 32in (80cm).

6 Z9—11 H12-7

Carex flagellifera

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
sedge with grasslike, reddish-

brown leaves, upright, then arching,
to the ground. Triangular stems bear
insignificant, brown flower spikes
in summer. Is good for winter color.

H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

289

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

FERNS

PURPLE

GREEN

Athyrium niponicum var. pictum
'Burgundy Lace'

Deciduous fern with a slow-creeping,
reddish-brown rhizome and broadly
triangular, divided, spreading fronds
of metallic purplish-bronze with
silvery-gray tips and bright pink-purple
veins. H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm).

A Z5-8 H8-i

Athyrium 'Ghost'

Deciduous fern producing lance-shaped,
rather upright, silvery-white fronds, with
contrasting, purplish-green veins, in
spring. Coloration is most pronounced
in spring. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm)
or more.

290 ...

(3 Z5-8 H8-1

Polystichum setiferum
Pulcherrimum Bevis'

Evergreen or semievergreen fern with
broadly lance-shaped, daintily cut,
sharp-edged fronds that are yellowish-
green in spring and mature to a
glossy, rich dark green. H 24in (60cm),
S 30in (75cm).

-xfc 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Blechnum penna-marina

Fast-growing, evergreen, carpeting
fern. Has narrow, ladder-like, dark
green fronds, red-tinged when young.
Outer, sterile fronds are spreading;
inner, fertile ones erect. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).

A Z10-11 Hll-10

Dicksonia antarctica
(Australian tree fern)

Evergreen, treelike fern. Sturdy trunks
are covered with brown fibers and
crowned by spreading, somewhat
arching, broadly lance-shaped,
much-divided, palmlike fronds.

H 30ft (10m) or more, S 12ft (4m).

6 Hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Asplenium trichomanes

(Maiden-hair spleenwort)

Semievergreen fern that has long,
slender, tapering fronds with glossy,
black, later brown, midribs bearing
many rounded-oblong, bright green
pinnae. Is suitable for limestone soils.
H 6in (15cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm).

A Z5-8 H8-3

Thelypteris palustris
(Marsh buckler fern, Marsh fern)

Deciduous fern. Has strong, erect.

lance-shaped, pale green fronds, with
widely separated, deeply cut pinnae,
produced from wiry, creeping, blackish
rhizomes. Grows well beside a pool or
stream. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

Polystichum setiferum
Divisilobum Group

Evergreen or semievergreen fern.
Broadly lance-shaped or oval, soft-
textured, much-divided, spreading
fronds are clothed with white scales as
they unfurl. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

Adiantum pedatum

(Northern maidenhair fern)

Semievergreen fern with a sturdy,
creeping rootstock. Dainty, divided,
finger-like, mid-green fronds are
produced on glossy, dark brown or
blackish stems. H and S to 18in (45cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-1

Polystichum setiferum
Plumosodivisilobum Group

Evergreen fern that produces a
"shuttlecock" of lance-shaped, divided
fronds with segments narrowed
toward the frond tips; lower pinnae
often overlap. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

4 Z5-8 H8-5

6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 Z6-9 H9-6

Cyrtomium falcatum

(Japanese holly fern)

Evergreen fern. Fronds are lance¬
shaped and have holly-like, glossy,
dark green pinnae; young fronds
are often covered with whitish or
brown scales. H 12-24in (30-60cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

A Z6-11 Hit—10

Adiantum aleuticum

Semievergreen fern with a short
rootstock. Has glossy, dark brown
or blackish stems and dainty, divided,
finger-like fronds, with blue-green
pinnae, that are more crowded than
those of A. pedatum. Grows well in
alkaline soils. H and S to 18in (45cm).

A Z3-8 H8-1

Polypodium interjectum
'Cornubiense'

Evergreen fern with narrow, lance¬
shaped, divided, fresh green fronds;
segments are further subdivided
to give an overall lacy effect.

H and S 10-12in (25-30cm).

6Z5-9 H8-1

Polypodium vulgare

(Common polypody, Polypody)

Evergreen fern with narrow, lance¬
shaped, divided, herringbone-like,
mid-green fronds, arising from
creeping rhizomes covered with
copper-brown scales. Suits a rock
garden. H and S 10-12in (25-30cm).

6 Z6-8 H8-6

291

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

PERENNIALS

FERNS

GREEN

Asplenium scolopendrium

(Hart's-tongue fern)

Evergreen fern with stocky rhizomes
and tongue-shaped, leathery, bright
green fronds. Is good in alkaline soils.
H 18-30in (45-75cm), S to 18in (45cm).

A Z6-8 H8-6

Asplenium scolopendrium
Marginatum Group

Evergreen fern with stocky, upright
rhizomes and lobed, slightly frilled,
tongue-shaped fronds that are leathery
and bright green. Is good in alkaline
soils. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.

Adiantum venustum

Deciduous fern. Bears delicate, pale
green fronds, tinged brown when
young, consisting of many small,
triangular pinnae, on glossy stems.
H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

A E5 Z5-8 H8-5

Blechnum chilense

Splendid evergreen fern with
broadly lance-shaped, leathery,
dark green fronds on upright, scaly
brownish stems arise from a creeping
rootstock. Eventually forms a large
colony. H and S 3ft (lm).

292 ...

I A Z6-8 H8-6

A E5 Z10-11 HU-10

Polystichum tsussimense

Evergreen fern bearing broadly lance¬

shaped, rather leathery, dark green
fronds with narrowly oblong, spiny-
toothed, pointed pinnae. Is suitable
for a shaded rock garden or alpine
house. H lOin (25cm), S 8in (20cm).

A Z6-9 H9-5

Dryopteris wallichiana
(Wallich's wood fern)

Deciduous, clump-forming or often
solitary fern with an erect rhizome and
a "shuttlecock" of lance-shaped, divided,
bright yellow-green fronds, aging to
dark green with scaly, brownish-black
stems. H 3ft (90cm), S 12in (30cm).

A Z5-7 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Dryopteris erythrosora
(Japanese shield fern)

Usually evergreen, clump-forming fern
with broadly triangular, arching, shiny,
coppery-red flushed, pinkish-green
ageing to bronze then bright green.

H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm).

4 Z5—9 H9-5

Asplenium ceterach (Rusty-back fern)

Semievergreen fern with lance-shaped,
leathery, dark green fronds divided into
alternate, bluntly rounded lobes. Backs
of young fronds are covered with silvery
scales that mature to reddish-brown.

H and S 6in (15cm).

Cryptogramma crispa (Parsley fern)

Deciduous fern with broadly oval to
triangular, finely divided, bright pale
green fronds that resemble parsley. In
fall, fronds turn bright rusty-brown and
persist during winter. H 6-9in (15-23cm),
S 6-12in (15-30cm).

-$fc 6 Z6—9 H9-7

6 E5 Z5-8 H8-5

Dryopteris filix-mas (Male fern)

Deciduous or semievergreen fern
with "shuttlecocks" of elegantly arching,
upright, broadly lance-shaped, mid¬
green fronds that arise from crowns
of large, upright, brown-scaled
rhizomes. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

Polystichum munitum

(Giant holly fern)

Evergreen fern with erect, leathery,
lance-shaped, dark green fronds that
consist of small, spiny-margined
pinnae. H 4ft (1.2m), S 12in (30cm).

-#■ A Z4—8 H8-1

6 Z3-8 H8-1

Polypodium cambricum
'Richard Kayse'

Evergreen fern with a slow-creeping
rhizome and lance-shaped to triangular-
oval, lacy, flat, bright green fronds. New
fronds appear in late summer and die
back in late spring. Sori are yellow in
winter. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

# A Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERENNIALS

Reserv'd

ANNUALS,
BIENNIALS,
AND BEDDING

Invaluable for their rapid growth, instant color, and relatively
low cost, annuals and biennials are ideal gap fillers between
newly planted trees and shrubs, as well as in perennial displays
that might need reviving after the first flush of spring. They are
also useful as bedding in formal designs, such as parterres,
and in containers of all types. An important ingredient
in cottage gardens and wildflower meadows, they also
help to shape informal schemes.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

296

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS,
AND BEDDING

Indispensable in pots, containers, and borders, many of these colorful
plants flower from early summer to early fall, and some also provide
beautiful foliage. Combine them with plants that bloom in winter and
spring to brighten up your garden all year.

What are annuals
and biennials?

Annuals are plants that grow, bloom, set
seed, and die in a single growing season.
Biennials complete their life cycle in two
seasons: most are sown in late spring or
summer and produce leafy growth in the
first year, then flower, set seed, and die
in the next. Bedding plants usually refer
to half-hardy or tender annuals that are
traditionally used in summer flower
schemes. Some plants in this category are
technically perennials or even shrubs, but
are referred to as annuals because they are
used for just one season. Examples include
pelargoniums, nemesias, and brachyscome,
which are perennials, and marguerites
(Argyranthemum species) and fuchsias,
which are tender shrubs. Plants in this
group are also sometimes described as
"summer seasonals" and "spring seasonals."

BELOW Summer harmonies

Combine the shapes and colors of annuals for a
balanced display. Begonias, heliotropes, silver-leaved
senecio, and zinnias create a vibrant mix.

Growing annuals
and biennials

Plants in this category can be grown from
seed, bought as young seedlings known
as "plug" plants, or purchased as mature
specimens ready to plant.

Sowing seed is the most cost-effective
option if you have a large space or lots of
containers to fill; there are many half-hardy
or frost-tender types that are very easy to
grow in pots or trays on a windowsill or in
a greenhouse, including petunias, French
marigolds ( Tagetes ), and tobacco plants
(Nicotiana). The seedlings should be
hardened off for a few weeks in spring by
placing them outside during the day and
bringing them back under cover at night.
Then plant them outside in late spring
when all danger of frost has passed.

Hardy annuals are easier still, as they can
be sown outside in spring where they are
to flower. For earlier summer blooms,
plants like love-in-a-mist ( Nigella ) and
poppies ( Papaver rhoeas) can be sown in
early fall in free-draining soil. Sow your

ABOVE Shades of pink

Create an elegant basket using shades of pink. Dark
cherry pink petunias, pale busy Lizzies, starry isotomas,
and raspberry-colored diascias combine beautifully.

seeds in straight lines or curves, so that you
can distinguish them from weed seedlings
when they germinate.

For winter and spring color, most suitable
plants, such as violas, are raised from seed
sown in summer. Alternatively, buy young
plants in the fall.

Biennials can be grown from seed or
bought as plug plants in the summer before
they bloom. Find a quiet corner of the
garden to sow your seeds, as they will
be there for many months, and may be
swamped by other plants if sown directly
into a summer bed or border.

Ornamental features

Annuals and biennials are available in a
wide range of shapes and sizes, from low
hummock-forming cultivars of Ageratum
houstonianum and trailing petunias to the
tall spires of foxgloves ( Digitalis purpurea)
and dramatic Scotch thistles ( Onopordum
acanthium ) that shoot up to 6ft (1.8m).

Flowers offer a vast choice of colors
and forms, including scented types such
as heliotropes ( Heliotropium arborescens),
tobacco plants ( Nicotiana species), and the
chocolate-scented Cosmos atrosanguineus.
Colors extend from the opalescent whites
of Lavatera trimestris 'Mont Blanc' to the
vibrant scarlets of pelargoniums, bright
orange and yellow California poppies
(.Eschscholzia californica), and intense
magentas and purples of petunias.

For more subtle pastel schemes, opt for
plants such as Anoda cristata, blue Silene

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

coeli-rosa, baby blue eyes ( Nemophila
menziesii), and pale green blooms of
Nicotiana langsdorffii.

To provide a foil for the flowers, consider
the wealth of foliage plants available.

These include the vast variety of coleus
(Solenostemon ) with their multicolored
leaves, the bright silver foliage of Senecio
cineraria, and the dark purple-lobed leaves
of Ipomoea batatus 'Blackie'.

Design options

Annuals and biennials provide an extended
season of color in formal schemes, and are
particularly useful for filling beds and gaps
in borders. In addition, they can be used to
edge flower beds and borders or to create
Victorian-style bedding schemes, which are
enjoying renewed popularity.

Hardy annuals like poppies, cornflowers
(■Centaurea ), and California bluebell
C Phacelia campanularia) are ideal for
naturalistic or wildlife schemes. For mixed
schemes, grow them in pots like half-hardy
annuals or buy plug plants and set them
between more permanent perennials
and shrubs (many annual seeds will not
germinate in these situations due to
competition from neighboring plants).

Annuals and bedding plants make
striking features in seasonal containers,
windowboxes, and hanging baskets. Use
feature plants, such as fuchsias, zinnias,
and begonias in the center, together with
trailers like Helichrysum petiolatum or
trailing petunias to soften the edges of
your pots. In fall and winter displays.

POTTING PLUG PLANTS

If you lack the space or time to sow seed, look for seedlings grown in cell packs,
known as "plugs." Many popular plants, including busy Lizzies, begonias, lobelias, and
fuchsias, are available in this form, with the largest choice available from mail-order
specialists. Pot up small plugs and grow them on indoors until after the last frost.

1 Remove plugs

Water the plugs as soon as
they arrive. Fill large cell trays
or 3in (8cm) pots with good-
quality potting mix designed for
seedlings. Use the blunt end of
a pencil to gently push them out
of their original containers from
the bottom.

2 Plant up modules

Make a hole in the potting mix
with your finger or the pencil and
insert a plug into each module
or pot. Firm the soil around the
plants with your fingers, ensuring
that there are no air gaps and
taking care not to compact the
soil or damage the roots.

3 Water the plants

Using a watering can with
a fine spray, water the plugs
well. Set them in a cool, light,
frost-free place and keep them
well watered. Harden the young
plants off before planting them
outside after the risk of frost
has passed.

combine dwarf conifers, such as Juniperus
communis 'Compressa', with dainty violas.

Year-round color

The long flowering season of annuals and
biennials provides months of color. Violas
flower in winter but put on their best show
in spring, when they are joined by forget-
me-nots ( Myosotis ) and wallflowers
(.Erysimum cheiri ), which look particularly

beautiful when combined with bulbs such
as daffodils and tulips. Follow these with
any of the summer annuals and biennials,
such as foxgloves ( Digitalis ). Busy Lizzies
(Impatiens ) are particularly useful for shady
sites. Fall stars include Chinese asters
[Callistephus chinensis ), and in warm climes,
the fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum will
brighten a winter day. In cold areas, bring
these bushy evergreens indoors.

SOWING SEED IN TRAYS

Growing summer bedding plants from seed can be very cost-effective,
especially if you have several containers or beds to fill. Sowing seed
in trays indoors is the ideal option for half-hardy or frost-tender plants,
allowing you to start them off early in spring so that plants are mature

and ready to flower when planted outside. Small seeds, such as petunias,
are difficult to space evenly in trays; seedlings will need to be transplanted
when they have a few leaves to larger trays, pots, or modules. Seed
catalogs offer a huge variety of plants via mail order or online.

Pot of seed-sown annuals

I Fill seed trays

Using good-quality seed-starting
mix, fill some clean seed trays to
within lin (2cm) of the top. Gently
press another seed tray on top to
level out and firm the surface. Water
the tray with a watering can with a
fine spray and allow to drain.

Sow seeds

Pour some seeds into your hand
and carefully space them out on the
soil surface. Sprinkle sifted seed¬
starting mix over the seeds, and cover
to the depth specified on the seed
packet. Also check the seeds' required
germination temperature.

3 Cover and keep moist

Label the seed tray, and cover
with a lid or a clear plastic bag. Place
in a light spot. Keep the soil moist,
and remove the lid or plastic bag
as soon as the seedlings emerge.
Harden them off before planting
them outside.

297

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

WHITE

Argyranthemum
frutescens (Marguerite)

Evergreen, woody-based, bushy
perennial that bears many daisylike,
white, yellow or pink flower heads
throughout summer. Attractive leaves
are fresh green. H and S 28in (70cm).

Catharanthus roseus

(Rose periwinkle)

Evergreen, spreading shrub, becoming
untidy with age. Has white to rose-pink
flowers in spring to fall, also in winter in
warm areas. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm).
Min. 41-5°F (5-7°C).

0 6 him

Sutera cordata Snowstorm Series
giant snowflake ('Danova906')

Spreading or trailing annual with small,
rounded, mid-green leaves and 5-lobed,
bright white flowers throughout
summer. Is excellent in a hanging basket
or trailing from a tub. H 4-8in (10-20cm),
S 8-12in (20-30cm).

Euphorbia hypericifolia
diamond frost ('Inneuphe')

Bushy perennial, grown as a summer
annual, with slender, repeatedly branched
stems bearing elliptical, grayish-green
leaves. Small, white florets are produced
in cloudlike flower heads in summer-fall.
H 7in (18cm), S 16in (40cm).

0 A ® Z10-11 HIM

Lobularia maritima 'Snow Crystals'

Ground-hugging, mound-forming

annual with narrow, mid-green leaves
and heads of unusually large, fragrant,
4-petaled, white flowers in summer-fall.
Neater than older types. H 6-1 Oin
(15-25cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm).

298

0 6 Z10-11 HIM

0 6 zimi Hi2-i

0 A Z10-11 HIM

Plectranthus forsteri 'Marginatus'

Evergreen, bushy perennial. Oval
leaves, to 2V&in (6cm) long, are grayish-
green with scalloped, white margins.
Irregularly has tubular, white to
pale mauve flowers. H lOin (25cm),

S to 3ft (lm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Osteospermum 'Whirlygig'

Evergreen, clump-forming, semiwoody
perennial of lax habit that bears bluish-
white flower heads singly, but in great
profusion, during summer. Leaves are
gray-green. H and S 24in (60cm).

Dahlia 'Gallery Art Fair'

Well-branched, small-flowered
decorative dahlia, grown as an annual.
Produces a prolific display of white
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
greenish-yellow centers, in summer-fall.
Is ideal in a container. H 12-14in
(30-35cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).

Zinnia x marylandica Zahara Series
'Zahara Starlight Rose'

Mound-forming, disease-resistant
annual with ovate, mid-green leaves and,
in summer-fall, bears bright, double,
daisylike, red-and-white, bicolored
flower heads. Is drought-tolerant.

H and S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 A HIM

0 6 Z10-11 H6-1

0 6 Z9-11 HIM

0 A H12-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Digitalis purpurea f. albiflora

Slow-growing, short-lived perennial,
grown as a biennial. Has a rosette of
large, pointed-oval leaves and erect
stems carrying tubular, white flowers
in summer. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m), S 12-18in
(30-45cm).

Eustoma grandiflorum

Slow-growing, upright annual with
lance-shaped, deep green leaves.
Poppy-like, pink, purple, blue or white
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are carried in
summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 39-45°F (4-7°C).

Euphorbia marginata (Snow-in-
summer, Snow-on-the-mountain)

Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy
annual. Has pointed-oval, bright green
leaves; upper leaves are white-margined.
Broad, petal-like, white bracts surround
tiny flowers in summer. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® HI 1-1

Iberis amara

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual
with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Has flattish heads of small, scented,
4-petaled, white flowers in summer.

H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 Zll HI 1-1

Lavatera trimestris 'Mont Blanc'

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching annual with oval, lobed
leaves. Shallowly trumpet-shaped,
brilliant white flowers appear from
summer to early fall. H to 24in (60cm),
S 18in (45cm).

jru

A_1 v

Nicotiana x sanderae
'Saratoga Series' [white]

Slow-growing, bushy annual with ovate,
mid-green leaves. In summer and early
fall produces a long display of sparkling,
white, long-tubed, salverform flowers.

H and S 12in (30cm).

6 ® Z4-8 H9-1

■-0 6 Z8—11 HI 1-1

0 6 ® Z10-11 Hll-l

Dimorphotheca pluvialis (Rain daisy)

Branching annual with oval, hairy,
deep green leaves. In summer has
small, daisylike flower heads, the rays
purple beneath and white above, with
brownish-purple centers. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 6in (15cm).

Cypsophila elegans

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual.

Has lance-shaped, grayish-green
leaves and clouds of tiny, white flowers
in branching heads from summer to
early fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more.

Nemophila maculata (Five-spot)

Fast-growing, spreading annual with
lobed leaves. Small, bowl-shaped, white
flowers with purple-tipped petals are
carried in summer. H and S 6in (15cm).

Omphalodes linifolia

(Venus's navelwort)

Fairly fast-growing, slender, erect
annual with lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves. Tiny, slightly scented, rounded,
white flowers, rarely tinged blue, are
carried in summer. H 6-12in (15-30cm),
S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-6

-£> ; - 6 Z5—9 H9-1

6 Z9-10 H7-1

0 6

299

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

WHITE

PINK

Reseda odorata (Mignonette)

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching annual with oval leaves.
Conical heads of small, very fragrant,
somewhat star-shaped, white flowers
with orange-brown stamens are
carried in summer and early fall.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z10-11 H6-1

Hibiscus trionum (Flower-of-the-hour)

Fairly fast-growing, upright annual with
oval, serrated leaves. Trumpet-shaped,
creamy-white or pale yellow flowers,
with purplish-brown centers, are
borne from late summer to early fall.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z10-U HU-10

Impatiens balsamina (Balsam)

Fairly fast-growing, erect, compact.

bushy annual with lance-shaped leaves.
Small, cup-shaped, spurred, pink or
white flowers are borne in summer and
early fall. H to 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

(k Hii-i

Hypoestes phyllostachya
(Freckle face, Polka-dot plant)

Evergreen, bush perennial or subshrub.
Dark green leaves are covered with
irregular, pink spots. Bears small,
tubular, lavender flowers intermittently.
H and S 30in (75cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

& 6 Z10-11 HI 1-9

Pentas lanceolata

(Egyptian star, Star-cluster)

Mainly evergreen, loosely rounded
shrub with hairy, bright green leaves.

In summer-fall produces dense clusters
of pink, lilac, red or white flowers.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Min. 50-59°F
(10-15°C).

0 6 HI 1-1

Tanacetum parthenium (Feverfew)

Moderately fast-growing, short-lived,
bushy perennial, grown as an annual.
Has aromatic leaves and small, white
flower heads in summer and early fall.
H and S 8-18in (20-45cm).

Martynia annua (Unicorn plant)

Fairly fast-growing, upright annual with
long-stalked leaves. Has foxglove-like,
lobed, creamy-white flowers marked
red, pink and yellow in summer,
followed by horned, green, then brown,
fruits. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

300

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

0 6 HU-7

Argyranthemum 'Summer Melody'

Evergreen, prolific shrub, grown as
an annual, with daisylike, fully double,
dark-centered, pale pink flower heads,
114m (3cm) across, from early summer
and into fall. Has lobed, glossy, dull
green leaves. H 11 in (28cm),

S 7in (17cm).

0 6 Z7-U HU-1

Brachyscome 'Strawberry Mousse'

Twiggy, semi-trailing, short-lived

perennial, grown as an annual. Daisylike
flower heads, 114-1 V^in (3-4cm) across,
have slightly reflexed, deep pink ray
petals and yellow eyes. Good for the
edges of a raised bed or windowbox.

H 6in (15cm), S 14in (35cm).

<k zii Hi2-i

Calibrachoa Caberet Series
light pink ('Balcablitpi')

Mound-forming and trailing, prolific
perennial, grown as an annual. In
summer-fall, trumpet-shaped, vivid pink
flowers, 114-114in (3-4cm) across, are
borne on twiggy stems with linear, dark
green leaves. H 6in (15cm), S 18in (45cm).

<k E5 zio-u Hii-i

Catharanthus roseus Boa Series
'Boa Peach'

Evergreen, semi-trailing, disease-tolerant
shrub, grown as an annual. Flatfish,
rounded, very pale pink flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, with a neat ring of reddish-pink
around the tiny eye, are borne in summer.
H 6in (15cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

(k hii-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Diascia little dancer ('Pendan')

Mound-forming or semi-trailing
perennial, usually grown as an annual.
Spikes of tubular, coral-pink flowers are
borne in clouds from late spring to fall.
Has heart-shaped, pale green leaves.

H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).

Lathyrus odoratus Cupid Series
'Cupid Pink'

Neat, compact, annual with fragrant,
pink-and-white, bicolored flowers in
summer. Has pairs of mid-green, l-2in
(2.5-5cm) leaves and no tendrils. Good at
the front of borders, as a potted specimen,
or in a basket. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm).

Nemesia amelie ('Fleurame')

Mound-forming, twiggy perennial,
grown as an annual, with highly
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, 2-tone pink
flowers, VMn (4cm) across, with yellow
lips, in summer. Has lance-shaped, neatly
toothed, dark green leaves. Good for a
container. H 5in (13cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 A Z7-9 H9-6

0 A Z9-10 H8-1

0 <kZ9-10 H10-1

Lantana camara Lucky Series
LUCKY HONEY BLUSH ('Baluclush')

Evergreen, mound-forming shrub, grown
as an annual. Clusters of tubular, 5-lobed,
yellow flowers, VMn (4cm) across, maturing
to pink, with a spicy scent, are borne in late
spring-fall. Has oval, finely wrinkled, deep
green leaves. H 7in (18cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 (k ® Zll HU-1

Caura lindheimeri 'Rosyjane'

Upright, woody-based perennial,
usually grown as an annual. Racemes
of tubular, white flowers, with bright
pink margins, are borne in summer-fall
on twiggy stems with lance-shaped
leaves. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

Osteospermum Sunny Series
'Sunny Marina'

Evergreen, compact, slightly shrubby
perennial, grown as an annual. In
summer-fall, bears blue-eyed flowers, 3in
(7cm) across, with purple rays, shading to
white. Has narrow, slightly toothed, dark
green leaves. H and S 8-10in (20-25cm).

0 <k Z10-11 H7-1

Fuchsia 'Leonora'

Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub
bearing bell-shaped, single, pink
flowers with green-tipped sepals.

Is good for training as a standard.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

0 6 Z9—11 HI1-9

301

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

FUCHSIAS

Flowering freely all summer and throughout early fall
until the first frost, fuchsias make excellent container and
border plants. The single or double blooms vary from small
and dainty to bold and frilly, their colorful outer sepals held
above petals in similar or contrasting hues. A few also boast
variegated foliage. Ranging in habit from strongly upright,
through broad and bushy, to arching and trailing, there are
fuchsias for many garden situations. Upright and bushy
types inject summer color into permanent mixed border
schemes or seasonal bedding displays, while larger types
make good container specimens, combining well with
other summer flowers. Trailing fuchsias are ideal for
hanging baskets and windowboxes.

F. 'Lye's Unique'

F. triphylla 'Firecracker'

F. Mojo Series 'Beebop'

F. 'Celia Smedley'

F. 'Jack Shahan'

F. 'Annabel'

F. 'Pink Galore'

F. 'Dollar Prinzessin'

F. 'Mrs. Lovell Swisher'

F. 'Joanna Lumle/

F. Shadowdancer Series peggy ('Goetzpeg')

F. 'Nellie Nuttall'

F. Windchimes Series windchimes pink and white
('Kiefuwind')

F. 'Golden Marinka'

F 'Thalia'

F. 'Bicentennial'

F. 'Coralle'

F. California Dreamers Series 'Snowburner'

F. 'Swingtime'

F. 'Sunray*

F. 'Red Spider'

F. fulgens

PINK

Primula Belarina Series
belarina pink ice ('Kerbelpice')

Rosette-forming, semievergreen.
Primrose Group primula. Double white
flowers, l%in (3cm) across, mature to
light pink-purple in late winter and
spring. Has oval, deeply veined, dark
green leaves. H 6in (16cm), S 12in (30cm).

Glandularia x hybrida aztec dark
pink magic ('Balazdapima')

Trailing or groundcover perennial, grown
as an annual. Stems bear oval, dark green
leaves divided into slender leaflets and
clusters of tubular, lobed, white-eyed,
rose pink flowers, 2 1 /£in (6cm) across, in
summer. H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm).

Gomphrena globosa

(Globe amaranth)

Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy
annual with oval, hairy leaves. Has oval,
clover-like flower heads in pink, yellow,
orange, purple or white in summer and
early fall. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

Rhodanthe cblorocephala
subsp. rosea

Moderately fast-growing, erect annual.
Lance-shaped leaves are grayish-green;
small, daisylike, papery, semidouble,
pink flower heads appear in summer.
Flowers dry well. H 12in (30cm),

S 6in (15cm).

0 A Z6-9 H8-6

0 A Z9-11 H12-1

0 6 Zll HI 1-1

0- 6 hi l-i

Antirrhinum Luminaire Series
luminaire hot pink ('Balumhopi')

Semi-trailing subshrub, grown as an
annual with vibrant pink, 2-lipped
flowers, each with a yellow throat. Has
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Is ideal
in a mixed basket or trailing over the
edge of a tub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 A Z9—11 Hll-1

x Petchoa Supercal Series supercal
neon rose ('Kakegawa S89')

Trailing evergreen perennial, grown
as an annual with abundant, flared,
trumpet-shaped yellow-eyed, vivid pink
flowers borne continuously all summer.
Is a Petunia/Calibrachoa hybrid.

H lOin (25cm), S 14in (35cm).

0 (k Z10-11 Hll-1

Matthiola 'Giant Excelsior'

Fast-growing, erect, bushy biennial,
grown as an annual. Lance-shaped
leaves are grayish-green; long spikes
of highly scented flowers in shades of
pink, red, pale blue or white appear in
summer. H to 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

Callistephus chinensis
Ostrich Plume Series

Fast-growing, bushy annual with long,
branching stems. From late summer to
late fall, produces spreading, feathery,
reflexed, double flower heads, mainly
in pinks and crimsons. H to 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 H9-1

Papaver somniferum
Paeoniiflorum Group

Fast-growing, erect annual with lobed,
pale grayish-green leaves. Has large,
rounded, often cup-shaped, double
flowers in a mixture of colors—red,
pink, purple or white—in summer.

H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

Silene coeli-rosa

Moderately fast-growing, erect annual
with lance-shaped, grayish-green
leaves. Has 5-petaled, pinkish-purple
flowers with white centers in summer.
H 18in (45cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 H9-1

303

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

PINK

Agrostemma githago 'Milas'

Fast-growing, slender, upright.

thin-stemmed annual. Has lance-shaped
leaves and 5-petaled, purplish-pink
flowers, 3in (8cm) wide, in summer.

H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 12in (30cm).

Lobularia maritima 'Rosie O'Day'

Fast-growing, compact annual with
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In

summer bears rounded, compact heads
of small, sweet-scented flowers, which
open white but become red-purple.

H to 6in (15cm), S to lOin (25cm).

-0 6 Z10-11 HI 1-1

Malcolmia maritima (Virginian stock)

Fast-growing, slim, erect annual with
oval, grayish-green leaves. Carries tiny,
fragrant, 4-petaled, pink, red or white
flowers from spring to fall. Sow in
succession for a long flowering season.
H 8in (20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Schizantbus 'Dwarf Bouquet' [mixed]

Moderately fast-growing, erect annual
with fernlike, mid-green leaves. Bears
massed, 2-lipped, open-faced flowers
in a range of colors from pink to red,
purple, yellow or white in summer and
fall. H and S 8-10in (20-25cm).

6 Z12-15 H8-i

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I vr / At

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% r s

V

F*r

VkiD*Sv

1# V

Silybum marianum (Mary's thistle)

Biennial with a basal rosette of deeply

lobed, very spiny, heavily white-marbled,
deep green leaves. Has thistle-like,
dark purplish-pink flower heads on
erect stems in summer and early fall.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 ® H9-1

0 6 Z8-9 H9-1

6 Z6-9 H6-1

Callistepbus chinensis
Milady Super Series [rose]

Moderately fast-growing, erect, bushy
annual with oval, toothed leaves. Has
large, daisylike, double, rose-pink
flower heads in summer and early
fall. H 10-12in (25-30cm), S 12-18in
(30-45cm).

6 H9-i

Cleome hassleriana 'Colour Fountain'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with hairy
stems and divided leaves. In summer has
heads of narrow-petaled flowers, with
long, protruding stamens, in shades of
pink, purple or white. H 3-4ft (1-1,2m),

S lV 2 -2ft (45-60cm).

304 ... A

-:o:- 6 zn hi l-i

Iberis umbellata Fairy Series

Fast-growing, upright, bushy annual
with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Heads of small, 4-petaled flowers, in
shades of pink, red, purple or white,
are carried in summer and early fall.
H and S 8in (20cm).

0 6 HI 1-1

Onopordum acanthium

(Scotch thistle)

Slow-growing, erect, branching biennial.
Large, lobed, spiny leaves are hairy and
bright silvery-gray; winged, branching
flower stems bear deep purplish-pink
flower heads in summer. H 6ft (1.8m),

S 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z6-8 HI 1-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Clarkia amoena 'Sybil Sherwood'

Erect annual with lance-shaped,
sometimes toothed leaves. Single, fluted,
salmon-pink flowers, fading to white
at the margins, are borne at the tips of
long, leafy shoots in summer. H to 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 H7-1

Clarkia 'Brilliant'

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual with
oval leaves. Large, rosette-like, double,
bright reddish-pink flowers are carried
in long spikes in summer and early fall.
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6h8-i

Dianthus chinensis Baby Doll Series

Neat, bushy annual or biennial, grown
as an annual. Light or mid-green leaves
are lance-shaped; small, single, zoned
flowers in various colors are carried
in summer and early fall. H 6in (15cm),
S 6-12in (15-30cm).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-l

Phlox drummondii 'Chanal'

Erect to spreading, but compact,
bushy, hairy annual with very variable,
stem-clasping leaves. In late spring,
bears cymes of double, almost rose¬
like, pink flowers. H 4-18in (10-45cm),
S to lOin (25cm) or more.

0 6 HI 1-1

Cosmos bipinnatus Sensation Series

Moderately fast-growing, bushy, erect
annual. Has feathery, mid-green leaves
and daisylike flower heads, to 4in (10cm)
wide, in shades of red, pink or white,
from early summer to early fall.

H to 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm).

Lavatera trimestris 'Silver Cup'

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching annual with oval, lobed
leaves. Shallowly trumpet-shaped,
rose-pink flowers are carried in
summer and early fall. H 24in (60cm),
S 18in (45cm).

0 6

0 6

Malope trifida

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching annual with rounded, lobed
leaves. Flared, trumpet-shaped, reddish-
purple flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide and
with deep pink veins, are carried in
summer and early fall. H 36in (90cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 H8-1

Xeranthemum annuum [double]

Erect annual with lance-shaped, silvery
leaves and branching heads of daisylike,
papery, double flower heads in shades
of pink, mauve, purple or white, in
summer. Produces good dried flowers.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

Nicotiana x sanderae
Saratoga Series [deep rose]

Slow-growing, bushy annual with ovate
mid-green leaves. In summer and early
fall produces a long display of sparkling,
long-tubed, salverform, deep rose-
colored flowers. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 H12-1

0 6 © Z10-11 Hll-l

305

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

PINK

Calibrachoa Million Bells Series
cherry pink ('Sunbelrichipi')

Semi-trailing, prolific perennial, grown as
an annual. In summer-fall, trumpet-shaped,
deep cherry-pink flowers, VMn (4cm)
across, are borne on twiggy stems with
linear, dark green leaves. H 8in (20cm),

S 22in (55cm).

Lotus berthelotii (Coral gem)

Semievergreen, straggling perennial
suitable for a hanging basket or large
pan in an alpine house. Has hairy,
silvery branches and leaves, and
clusters of pealike, scarlet flowers
in summer. H 12in (30cm) S indefinite.
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Zinnia elegans
Dreamland Series [scarlet]

Moderately fast-growing, sturdy, erect
annual with ovate, mid-green leaves.
In summer and fall produces large,
daisylike, semidouble, bright scarlet
flower heads. H and S 12in (30cm).

Cosmos atrosanguineus
chocamocha ('Thomocha')

Bushy, tuberous perennial, grown as
an annual, with slightly bowl-shaped,
strongly chocolate-scented, deep red
flower heads, l^in (4cm) across, in
summer-fall. Has pinnate, dark green
leaves. H and S 14-15in (35-38cm).

A ?!J Z10-11 HI 1-1

0 6 Hll-10

■-0 6 H12-1

0 A Z7-11 Hll-1

Lunaria annua 'Variegata'

Fast-growing, erect biennial with
pointed-oval, serrated, white-variegated
leaves. Heads of small, scented,
4-petaled, deep purplish-pink flowers
are borne in spring and early summer
followed by rounded, silvery seed pods.
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

Cuphea x purpurea 'Firecracker'

Semi-trailing, subshrubby perennial,
grown as an annual. Sticky stems
bear lance-shaped, dark green leaves
and, from late spring to fall, 2-lipped,
bright red flowers. Is good in a mixed
container. H 9in (23cm), S 16in (40cm).

A zio-ii Hii-io

Brassica Northern Lights Series

Moderately fast-growing, evergreen
biennial. Has compact heads of large,
tightly packed, bluish green leaves,
crinkled at the edges, opening purple,
pink or creamy-white in the center.

Is used for fall and winter color.

H and S 12-16in (30-40cm).

306

Catharanthus roseus Cobra Series
'Cobra Burgundy'

Evergreen, well-branched, disease-
resistant shrub, grown as an annual, with
oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Produces
flat, rounded, 5-petaled, deep burgundy-
red flowers in summer. H 14-16in
(35-40cm), S 22-26in (55-65cm).

Antirrhinum majus 'Black Prince'

Erect, bushy perennial, grown as an
annual. Lance-shaped, bronze leaves
offset spikes of 2-lipped, deep crimson
flowers produced in summer-fall.
Dead-head regularly. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm).

Dahlia happy single romeo
('HS Romeo')

Bushy, single dahlia, grown as an
annual, bearing deep purple leaves
with oval leaflets. Produces dark-
centered, deep red flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, in summer and fall. H 22in
(55cm), S 16in (40cm).

0 6 Zll HI 1-6

Cerbera jamesonii (Barberton daisy)

Evergreen, upright perennial with
daisylike, variably colored flower heads,
borne intermittently on long stems,
and basal rosettes of large, jagged
leaves. Flowers are excellent for
cutting. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

-£)•- A Z7-11 H7-1

0 A Hll-1

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-1

A Z9-11 Hll-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Glandularia x hybrida
Corsage Series 'Corsage Red'

Trailing perennial, grown as an annual.
Stems have oval, neatly lobed, dark
green leaves and, in summer, bear
clusters, 3in (7cm) across, of tubular,
lobed, double, vibrant red flowers.

H 14in (35cm), S 28in (70cm).

Nemesia strumosa Carnival Series

Fairly fast-growing, bushy annual with
serrated, pale green leaves. In summer
has small, somewhat trumpet-shaped
flowers in a range of colors, including
yellow, red, orange, purple and white.
H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 6in (15cm).

& 6 H7-1

Impatiens walleriana
masquerade (Tuckmas')

Mound-forming, well-branched, prolific
perennial, grown as an annual. Oval,
fresh green leaves have yellow or cream
margins. In summer produces flatfish,
5-petaled, spurred, single, bright orange-
red flowers. H and S 15-18in (38-45cm).

Tropaeolum majus
'Hermine Grashoff

Trailing, short-lived perennial, grown as
an annual, with large, rounded, slightly
wavy-edged, pale green leaves. Produces
double, sterile, bright red flowers in
summer-fall. Is best in a large container.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 A Zll-12 H12-1

Pelargonium 'Happy Thought'

Fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium with
single, light crimson flowers in clusters
borne in summer. Rounded leaves
each have a greenish-yellow butterfly
marking in the center. H 16-18in
(40-45cm), S 8-1 Oin (20-25cm).

Min. 36°F (2°C).

Amaranthus caudatus

(Love-lies-bleeding, Tassel flower)

Bushy annual with oval, pale green
leaves. Pendulous panicles of tassel¬
like, red flowers, 18in (45cm) long, are
carried in summer-fall. H to 4ft (1.2m),
S 18in (45cm).

A Z9-11 H12-1

■-0 A Zll H12-1

6 HU-1

6 zio-ii hi l-i

Zinnia x maryiandica
Profusion Series 'Profusion Cherry 7

Mound-forming, well-branched, disease-
resistant annual with ovate, mid-green
leaves. Has semidouble, rich cherry red
flower heads, 2-3in (5-7.5cm) across,
in summer-fall. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 16-24in (40-60cm).

Dianthus chinensis 'Fire Carpet'

Slow-growing, bushy annual or biennial,
grown as an annual. Lance-shaped
leaves are light or mid-green. Small,
rounded, single, bright red flowers
are carried in summer and early fall.

H 8in (20cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm).

Impatiens Expo Series
'Expo Pink' (Busy lizzie)

Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy
perennial usually grown as an annual.
Has pointed, ovate leaves and from late
spring to fall bears spurred, flat-faced,
red, pink or white flowers. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm).

0 (k H12-1

6 Z9-U HU-1

-#fe- 6 Z10-11 HU-1

307

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

Linum grandiflorum 'Rubrum'

Fairly fast-growing, slim, erect annual.
Lance-shaped leaves are gray-green;

small, rounded, flattish, deep red flowers
are carried in summer. H 18in (45cm),

S 6in (15cm).

6 H8-i

Petunia 'Mirage Velvet'

Branching, bushy perennial, grown as
an annual, with oval, dark green leaves.
Large, flared, trumpet-shaped, rich red
flowers, with almost black centers,
appear in summer-fall. H lOin (25m),

S 12in (30cm).

Salvia splendens Vista Series [red]

Slow-growing, bushy perennial grown
as an annual, with dark green, ovate,
toothed leaves. Produces long-tubed,
2-lipped, bright scarlet flowers in dense,
terminal spikes during summer and fall.
H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Zll Hll-l

0 6 Zll—12 H12-10

Viola x wittrockiana
Floral Dance Series

Fairly fast-growing, bushy perennial,
grown as an annual or biennial. Has
oval, mid-green leaves and rounded,
5-petaled flowers in a wide range of
colors in winter. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 8in (20cm).

308 ...

-:0; 6 Z8-11 H9-1

Tagetes 'Cinnabar'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
aromatic, very feathery, deep green
leaves. Heads of rounded, daisylike,
single, rich rust-red flowers, yellow-red
beneath, are carried in summer and
early fall. H and S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® H12-1

Amaranthus hypochondriacus

(Prince's feather)

Bushy annual with upright, sometimes
flattened panicles, 6in (15cm) long or
more, of dark red flowers in summer-
fall. Leaves are heavily suffused purple.
H to 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Hll-l

Ricinus communis 'Impala'

Fast-growing, evergreen, erect shrub,
usually grown as an annual. Has deeply
lobed, bronze leaves to 12in (30cm) wide,
and clusters of small, red flowers in
summer, followed by globular, prickly,
red seed heads. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

6 ® zii—14 H 12-1

Cuphea ignea (Cigar flower)

Evergreen, spreading, bushy subshrub
with bright green leaves. From spring
to fall has tubular, dark orange-red
flowers, each with a dark band and white
ring at the mouth. H 12-30in (30-75cm),

S 12-36in (30-90cm). Min. 36°F (2°C).

6 zio-n hii-6

Alonsoa warscewiczii (Mask flower)

Perennial, grown as an annual, with
slender, branching, red stems carrying
oval, toothed, deep green leaves.
Spurred, bright scarlet flowers
are produced during summer-fall.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 zio-n Hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PELARGONIUMS

Pelargoniums are perfect for containers and beds, and flower
almost continuously in warm climates or under glass. Most
fall into one of four main groups. Zonal geraniums have
rounded leaves, clearly marked with a darker "zone," and

single to double flowers. Regal types are shrubby with
serrated leaves and delicate, trumpet-shaped flowers. Ivy¬
leaved pelargoniums are trailing plants with lobed leaves and
single to double flowers—a good choice for hanging baskets.
Scented-leaved types and species have small, star-shaped
flowers and are grown principally for their fragrant foliage.
Unique types are tall subshrubs with regal, brightly colored
flowers; some also have scented leaves. To flower well, all
types need sun and well-drained soil.

P. 'Alberta' ®

[zonal]

P. 'Clorinda' G)

[scented-leaved]

P. 'Fraiche Beaute' (D

[zonal]

Pelargonium Fireworks Series fireworks
scarlet ('Fiwoscarl') [scented-leaved]

P. 'Evka' [ivy-leaved]

P. Maverick Series 'Maverick Star' [zonal]

P. 'Lady Plymouth' CD P. 'Voodoo' (D

P. Regalia Series 'Regalia Chocolate'

[scented-leaved]

[unique]

[regal]

P. 'Lachskonigin' (D

[ivy-leaved]

P. 'Tip Top Duet' (D

[regal]

P. Horizon Deva Series 'Horizon Deva Raspberry Ripple' [zonal]

Series antik salmon ('Tiksal') [zonal]

P. Horizon Deva Series 'Horizon Deva Orange Ice' [zonal]

m.

IP! t «

W ■ titA.

> i

i

1

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

RED

Papaver rhoeas Shirley Group [single]

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual with
lobed, light green leaves. Rounded, often
cup-shaped, single flowers, in shades
of red, pink, salmon or white, appear
in summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

PURPLE

Aeonium 'Zwartkop'

Bushy, perennial succulent with stems
each crowned by a rosette, to 6in (15cm)
across, of narrow, purple leaves. Bears
golden pyramids of flowers in spring
on 2-3-year-old stems, which then die.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Z9-11 H9-4

Streptocarpus saxorum
(False African violet)

Evergreen, rounded, woody-based
perennial with small, oval, hairy leaves
in whorls. Lilac flowers with white
tubes arise from leaf axils in summer-
fall. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.

Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

6 Hii-i

6 Z14-15 H12-10

Lunaria annua (Honesty)

Fast-growing, erect biennial with
pointed-oval, serrated leaves. Heads of
scented, 4-petaled, white to deep purple
flowers in spring and early summer are
followed by rounded, silvery seed pods.
H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

310 ...

I (J Z3-9 H9-1

0 A Zll-12 H12-1

0 6 Zll-12 H12-1

Solenostemon scutellarioides
Kong Series 'Kong Scarlet'

Fast-growing, large-leaved perennial,
grown as an annual. Deepest crimson
leaves are feathered to green at the
margins and have a slender, central,
cerise flash. Pinch out flower spikes.

H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Tradescantia pallida 'Purpurea'

Evergreen, creeping perennial with dark
purple stems and slightly fleshy leaves.
Has pink or pink-and-white flowers
in summer. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

Lycianthes rantonnetii 'Royal Robe'

Evergreen, loosely rounded shrub with
smooth, bright green leaves. In summer
has clusters of rich purple-blue flowers
that open almost flat. H and S 3-6ft
(l-2m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

£>:- 6 ® Hll-6

Lantana montevidensis

Evergreen, trailing or mat-forming

shrub with serrated leaves. Has heads of
rose-purple flowers, each with a yellow
eye, intermittently all year but mainly in
summer. H 8-39in (20-100cm), S 24--46in
(60-120cm). Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

£>:- 6 ® Hll-9

Heliotropium arborescens

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Semi-glossy,
dark green leaves are finely wrinkled.
Purple to lavender flowers are borne
in dense, flat clusters from late spring
to winter. H 18in (45cm), S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Hii-9

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Alternanthera dentata
'Purple Knight' (Joseph's coat)

Vigorous, evergreen perennial, grown
as an annual. Forms a spreading mound
of upright, purple stems clad in ovate,
slightly glossy, dark purple leaves.

H 2—3ft (60-90cm ), S 3-4ft (90-120cm).
Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

0 (k Zll H12-1

Solenostemon 'Chocolate Mint'

Fast-growing perennial, grown as an
annual, with broadly oval, chocolate-
brown leaves margined in fresh mint-
green. Pinch out any flower spikes.

H 14-20in (35-50cm), S 12-14in
(30-35cm).

0 <k Zll—12 H12-1

Solenostemon scutellarioides
'Inky Fingers'

Fast-growing, semi-trailing, bushy
perennial, grown as an annual. Rounded,
dark blackish-red leaves are cut into 5-11
mostly deep lobes and edged in green.
Pinch out once or twice when young.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 24-39in (60-100cm).

0 (k Zll—12 H12-1

Ipomoea batatas 'Blackie'

Evergreen, tuberous, trailing perennial
grown as an annual, with 3-lobed,
almost black leaves. In summer may
produce trumpet-shaped, purple-
throated, lavender flowers, lin (2.5cm)
across. Is good in a mixed container.

H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

0 (k ® Zll HI 1-1

Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series
'Waterfall Light Lavender'

Mound-forming, semi-trailing perennial,
grown as an annual, with narrowly oval
to lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Bears
2-lipped, lobed, pale violet flowers, %in
(2cm) across, with white eyes, in summer.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 A Z2-8 H8-1

Petunia Tumbelina Series
Priscilla ('Kerpril')

Semi-trailing, well-branched perennial,
grown as an annual, with lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. Produces fragrant,
double, mauve flowers, veined in
dark purple, in summer and fall.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 (k Zll Hll-1

0 (k Z9-10 H10-1

0 <k Z9-11 Hll-1

Petunia Surfinia Series
SURFINIA BLUE VEIN ('Sunsolos')

Vigorous, trailing perennial, grown as an
annual. In summer, almost white flowers,
2in (5cm) across, developing mauve tints,
are borne with vivid purple-blue veins
and dark throats. Is good in a basket.

H lOin (25cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 <k Zll Hll-1

Pennisetum glaucum
'Purple Majesty' (Pearl millet)

Tall, upright perennial, grown as an
annual, with long, straplike, arching
purple leaves. Bold, bristly, vertical
flower spikes, borne in summer, turn
from tan to purple. H 24-36in (60-90cm),
S 16-28in (40-70cm). Min. 36°F (2°C).

0 (k H10-1

Osteospermum Cape Daisy Series
NASINGA PURPLE ('Aksullo')

Evergreen, slightly woody perennial,
grown as an annual, with lance-shaped,
slightly toothed leaves. In summer bears
blue-eyed flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with
fuchsia-purple rays, spooned at the tips.
H 12-15in (30-38cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 (k Z10-11 H7-1

Angelonia angustifolia Angel Mist
Series 'AngelMist Lavender Stripe'

Evergreen, upright perennial, grown as
an annual, with lance-shaped, toothed
leaves. Slender racemes of 2-lipped
flowers, 3 /4in (2cm) across, purple above
and white below, are borne in summer.
H 12in (30cm), S 14in (35cm).

Dahlia happy single wink ('HS Wink')

Bushy, single dahlia, grown as an
annual, bearing deep purple leaves with
oval leaflets. Pale purple flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, each have a dark purple
ring around the eye. Is good in a mixed
border. H 28in (70cm), S 18in (45cm).

Strobilanthes dyerianus

(Purple Shield)

Evergreen, relatively unbranched
subshrub, grown as an annual, with
elliptical, dark green, leaves, 6in (15cm)
long, almost fully flushed in silvery
purple, leaving only a pattern of dark
green veins. H and S 36in (90cm).

0 (k Zll—12 H12-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

Viola x wittrockiana Imperial Series
'Imperial Frosty Rose'

Erect, bushy perennial, grown as an
annual or biennial, with oval leaves.

In summer, bears large, unusual, rose-
purple flowers fading to pink and white.
H 6-9in (16-23cm), S 9-12in (23-30cm).

Collinsia grandiflora

Moderately fast-growing, slender¬
stemmed annual. Upper leaves are
lance-shaped; lower are oval. Whorls
of pale purple flowers, with purplish-
blue lips, are carried in spring-summer.
H and S 6-12in (15-30cm).

Callistephus chinensis
Milady Super Series [blue]

Moderately fast-growing, erect, bushy
annual with oval, toothed leaves.

Has large, daisylike, double, purplish-
blue flower heads in summer and
early fall. H 10-12in (25-30cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

6 Z8—11 H9-1

6 Z10-11 Hll-1

& 6 H9-1

Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum'

Clump-forming, herbaceous perennial
grass, grown as an annual, with slender,
upright, rather rough, dark purple
leaves. In summer produces dense,
cylindrical panicles of crimson spikelets,
with bearded bristles, fading to green.

H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm).

Nierembergia linariifolia
'Purple Robe'

Moderately fast-growing, rounded,
branching perennial, grown as an
annual, with narrow, lance-shaped
leaves. Has cup-shaped, dark bluish-
purple flowers in summer and early fall.
H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Viola Joker Series

Bushy, spreading perennial, usually
grown as an annual or biennial. Large,
rounded, 5-petaled, purplish-blue
flowers, with black and white "faces"
and yellow eyes, appear in summer.

H and S 6in (15cm).

Viola x wittrockiana Sorbet Series
'Sorbet Black Delight'

Neat, prolific perennial, grown as a
biennial. Small, 5-petaled, deep black
flowers, each with a small, gold eye, are
borne in winter and spring over ovate,
sparsely toothed, mid-green leaves.

H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 A Z8-11 HI 1-8

0 6 Z7-11 Hll-7

0 6 Z8-11 H9-1

£>:- A Z8-11 H9-1

Petunia Daddy Series 'Sugar Daddy'

Fairly fast-growing, branching, bushy,
perennial, grown as an annual, with
oval leaves. In early summer to fall, has
large, purple flowers with dark veins.

H to 14in (35cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).

0 6 Zll HI 1-1

Salvia farinacea 'Victoria'

Moderately fast-growing perennial,
grown as an annual, with many erect
stems. Has oval or lance-shaped leaves
and spikes of tubular, violet-blue flowers
in summer. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z8-11 H12-1

Glandularia x hybrida
aztec silver magic ('Balazsilma')

Trailing or groundcover, mildew-tolerant
perennial, grown as an annual, with
small, finely lobed, green leaves. In
summer, clusters, 2V6in (6cm) across,
of pale violet flowers are borne along
the stems. H 3in (8cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 A Z9-11 H12-1

Cerinthe major 'Purpurascens'

Annual of lax habit with oval to spoon¬
shaped leaves, to 2 1 /6in (6cm) long. Bears
terminal sprays of nodding, tubular, pale
to mid-yellow flowers, with violet-tinged
tips. Bracts around flowers are strongly
suffused purple. H and S 24in (60cm).

312 - A

;Q:- 6 Z9—11 H12-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BLUE

Campanula medium
'Bells of Holland'

Slow-growing, evergreen, clump¬
forming, erect biennial with lance¬
shaped, toothed leaves. In spring
and early summer has bell-shaped
flowers in blue, lilac, pink or white.
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Salvia sclarea var. turkestanica

Moderately fast-growing, erect biennial,
grown as an annual. Has aromatic, oval,
hairy leaves and panicles of tubular,
white and lavender-purple flowers with
prominent, lavender-purple bracts in
summer. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-3

Trachelium caeruleum (Throatwort)

Moderately fast-growing, erect
perennial, grown as an annual. Has
oval, serrated leaves and clustered
heads of small, tubular, lilac-blue or
white flowers in summer. H 24-36in
(60-90cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 £> Z9-13 H12-1

Isotoma Avant-Garde Series

Neat, domed, woody-based perennial,
grown as an annual. Rounded mounds
of slender, lobed leaves are topped by
star-shaped, 5-petaled flowers, in blue
purple, pink and white, in summer. Is
good in a container. H 6-12in (15-30cm),
S 9-15in (23-38cm).

0 6 Z10-11 HI 1-1

Ageratum houstonianum
'Blue Danube'

Moderately fast-growing, hummock¬
forming annual with pointed-oval leaves.
Has clusters of feathery, brushlike,
lavender-blue flower heads in summer-
fall. Makes a useful edging plant.

H and S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-l

313

Myosotis Sylva Series

Compact, bushy, early-flowering
perennial, grown as a biennial. Has
lance-shaped, hairy leaves and, from
mid-spring to early summer, clustered
spikes of small, 5-lobed flowers in blue,
pink or white. H and S 9in (23cm).

6 Z5—9 H8-i

Viola x wittrockiana

Ultima Radiance Series [deep blue]

Spreading perennial, grown as a
biennial. Produces large, neatly rounded,
5-petaled, deep blue flowers, with white
faces, yellow lips and dark whiskers, in
winter and spring. Leaves are oval and
mid-green. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 A Z8-11 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

BLUE

Salvia farinacea 'Strata'

Upright, slightly tuberous perennial,
grown as an annual. White-mealy stems
bear spikes of blue flowers, with broad
lower lips, %in (2cm) long, each in a
white calyx, in summer-fall. Has glossy,
narrowly lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Nigella damascena
Persian Jewels Series

Fast-growing, erect annual with feathery
leaves. Small, semidouble flowers, in
shades of blue, pink or white, appear
in summer, followed by inflated seed
pods that can be cut and dried.

H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Hll-l

Cilia capitata

Erect, branching annual. Has very
feathery, mid-green leaves and tiny,
dense, rounded heads of soft lavender-
blue flowers in summer and early fall.
Is good for cut flowers. H 18in (45cm),
S 8in (20cm).

Nemophila menziesii

(Baby blue-eyes)

Fast-growing, spreading annual with
serrated, gray-green leaves. Small,
bowl-shaped, blue flowers with
white centers are carried in summer.
H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 HI 1-1

Phacelia campanularia

(California bluebell)

Moderately fast-growing, branching,
bushy annual with oval, serrated, deep
green leaves. Bell-shaped, pure blue
flowers, lin (2.5cm) wide, are carried
in summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm),
S 6in (15cm).

0 6 ® Z5-10 H9-1

Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series
'Waterfall Blue'

Mound-forming, semi-trailing perennial,
grown as an annual, with narrowly oval
to lance-shaped, toothed, green leaves.
Racemes of 2-lipped, mid-blue flowers,
34in (2cm) across, are borne in summer.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 A Z8—11 H12-1

Pericallis Senetti Series

senetti blue bicolor ('Sunseneribuba')

Mound-forming, bushy perennial, grown
as an annual. Daisylike, white flower heads,
3in (7cm) across, with vivid blue tips and
deep magenta eyes are borne in spring.
Has oval, serrated, mid-deep green leaves.
H 15-18in (38-45cm), S 12-15in (30-38cm).

314 - A

I --Q:- A zh hi i-5

0 6 Hll-l

Lobelia erinus 'Sapphire'

Slow-growing, pendulous, spreading
annual or occasionally perennial. Oval
to lance-shaped leaves are pale green;
small, sapphire-blue flowers with white
centers are produced continuously in
summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm),

S 6in (15cm).

0 £> Z2-8 H8-1

0 6 Z2-8 H8-1

Convolvulus tricolor 'Blue Flash'

Moderately fast-growing, upright, bushy
annual with oval to lance-shaped leaves.
Has small, saucer-shaped, intense blue
flowers with cream and yellow centers
in summer. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z9-11 HI1-10

Ageratum houstonianum 'Blue Mink'

Moderately fast-growing, hummock¬

forming annual. Has pointed-oval leaves
and clusters of feathery, brushlike,
pastel blue flower heads in summer-fall.
Is a useful edging plant. H and S 8-12in
(20-30cm).

0 6 zio-ii Hii-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Cynoglossum amabile 'Firmament'

Slow-growing, upright, bushy annual
or biennial with lance-shaped, hairy,
gray-green leaves. Pendulous, tubular,
pure sky-blue flowers are carried in
summer. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Anchusa capensis 'Blue Angel'

Bushy biennial, grown as an annual.

Has lance-shaped, bristly leaves. Heads
of shallowly bowl-shaped, brilliant
blue flowers are borne in summer.

H and S 8in (20cm).

£>:- 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Nigella damascena 'Miss Jekyll'

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual.

Feathery leaves are bright green; small,
rounded, many-petaled, semidouble,
blue flowers are carried in summer,
followed by inflated seed pods that
can be cut and dried. H 18in (45cm),

S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Hll-1

Commelina coelestis (Dayflower)

Fairly fast-growing, upright perennial,
usually grown as an annual, with

lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Small,
3-petaled, bright pure blue flowers are
freely produced from late summer to
mid-fall. H to 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

Myosotis sylvatica 'Blue Ball'

Slow-growing, bushy, compact
perennial, often grown as a biennial.
Has lance-shaped leaves and, in
spring and early summer, spikes
of tiny, 5-lobed, deep blue flowers.

H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).

& 6 Z9-10 HI 1-9

Centaurea cyanus [tall, blue]
(Cornflower)

Fast-growing, erect, branching annual.
Has lance-shaped, gray-green leaves
and branching heads of daisylike,
blue flowers in summer and early fall.

H to 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm).

& 6 H7-1

Lobelia erinus 'Crystal Palace'

Slow-growing, spreading, compact,
bushy annual or occasionally perennial.
Bronzed leaves are oval to lance-shaped;
small, deep blue flowers are produced
continuously in summer and early fall.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

-#fc- 6 Z5—9 H7-1

Borago officinalis (Borage)

Spreading, clump-forming, annual

herb. Has oval, crinkled, rough-haired
leaves and sprays of star-shaped, blue
flowers in summer and early fall.

Young leaves are sometimes used as a
coolant in drinks. Self-seeds prolifically.
H 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Hii-i

Sedum caeruleum

Moderately fast-growing annual with
branching flower stems. Oval, light
green leaves become red-tinged when
clusters of small, star-shaped, light blue
flowers with white centers are borne
in summer. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

-£> ; - 6 Z2-8 H8-1

0 6 ® H9-1

CRAY

Senecio cineraria 'Silver Dust'

Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
bushy subshrub, usually grown as an
annual, with deeply lobed, silver leaves.
Small, daisylike, yellow flower heads
appear in summer but are best removed.
H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z8—11 H12-1

Leucophyta brownii

Evergreen, intricately branched
shrub with velvety, gray branches
and tiny, scalelike leaves. Clusters of
flower heads, silver in bud, yellowish
when expanded, appear in summer.
H 16-30in (40-75cm), S 16-36in
(40_90cm). Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

315

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

GREEN

Bassia scoparia f. trichophylla

(Burning bush, Summer cypress)

Moderately fast-growing, erect, very
bushy annual. Narrow, lance-shaped,
light green leaves, 2-3in (5-8cm) long,
turn red in fall. Has insignificant flowers.
H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm).

Nicotiana langsdorffii

Fairly slow-growing, erect, branching
perennial, grown as an annual, with
oval to lance-shaped leaves. Slightly
pendent, bell-shaped, pale green
to yellow-green flowers appear in
summer. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z9-n H9-2 -:0:- 6 ® zio-u him

Moluccella laevis

(Bells of Ireland, Shell flower)

Fairly fast-growing, erect, branching
annual. Rounded leaves are pale green;
spikes of small, tubular, white flowers,
each surrounded by a conspicuous,
pale green calyx, appear in summer.

H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm).

316 ...

-:0; 6 Z9—11 H9-1

Zinnia elegans 'Envy 7

Moderately fast-growing, sturdy,
erect annual. Has oval to lance-shaped,
pale or mid-green leaves and large,
daisylike, double, green flower heads
in summer and early fall. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

-:G:- 6 H 12-1

Petunia Surfinia Series
surfinia lime ('Keiyeul')

Vigorous, trailing perennial grown
as an annual, with slightly star¬
shaped, white flowers, 2 V 2 in (6cm)
across, shading to lime-yellow in
the throats, in summer. Is good in a
basket. H lOin (25cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 A Zll Hll-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BEGONIAS

The genus Begonia is one of the most versatile, providing
interest throughout the year. Semperflorens begonias are
excellent for summer bedding, while the Rex-cultorum
group offers distinctive, handsome foliage in a huge variety
of decorative shades and unusual textures. Other begonias,
such as the Tuberhybrida cultivars with their large, showy
blooms, are grown mostly for their flowers. Most begonias
are not suitable for permanent outdoor cultivation in
frost-prone areas as they are not hardy, but they make
attractive houseplants and displays in summer containers.
Begonias may be fibrous-rooted, rhizomatous, or tuberous,
the tubers becoming dormant in winter. Grow them in
a light position, shaded from direct sun.

B. boliviensis 'Bonfire'

B. serratipetala

B. x tuberhybrida Mocha Series 'Mocha Scarlet'

B. bowerae

B. 'Ingramii'

B. x tuberhybrida Non Stop Series 'Non Stop White'

B. albopicta

B. 'Merry Christmas'

B. dragon wing red ('Bepared')

B. 'Tiger Paws'

B. prismatocarpa

B. scharffii

B. 'Ikon White Blush'

B. Illumination Series 'Illumination Salmon Pink'

B. 'Orange Rubra'

B. sutherlandii

317

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

GREEN

3

Ricinus communis (Castor bean)

Fast-growing, evergreen, erect shrub,
usually grown as an annual. Has large,
deeply lobed, mid-green leaves and
heads of green and red flowers in
summer, followed by globular, prickly
seed pods. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

Ipomoea batatas 'Margarita'

Evergreen, tuberous, trailing perennial
grown as an annual, with 3-lobed, bright
lime green leaves. In summer, may
produce trumpet-shaped, purple-
throated, lavender flowers, lin (2.5cm)
across. Is good in a mixed container.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Viola 'Green Goddess'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial,
often grown as an annual, with small,
oval, toothed, dark green leaves. Flattish,
5-petaled flowers, with whiskered,
yellow centers surrounded by hazy
green zones, are borne from spring
to fall. H 6in (15cm), S lOin (25cm).

0 6 ® Zll-14 H12-1

0 4 ® Zll HIM

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Perilla 'Magilla Vanilla'

Fast-growing perennial, grown as an
annual, with broadly oval, bright green
leaves brightly splashed in the centers
in rich cream. Spikes of tiny, bell-shaped
flowers are occasionally borne in late
summer; pinch them out. H 24-36in
(60-90cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

318 ...

XK (J HI2-1

Setaria macrostachya (Italian millet)

Upright, clump-forming, perennial
grass, grown as an annual. Has long,
pointed, coarse, mid-green leaves each
with a pale central stripe. Erect spikes
of bristly, vivid green flower heads are
produced in summer. H 3ft (90cm),

S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z9-11 H12-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Argyranthemum 'Jamaica Primrose'

Evergreen, woody-based perennial with

fernlike, pale green leaves. Daisylike,
single, soft yellow flower heads are
borne in summer. Take stem cuttings
in early fall. H and S to 3ft (lm).

0 6 Z7-11 HU-1

Osteospermum 'Buttermilk'

Evergreen, upright, semiwoody
perennial. Daisylike, pale yellow flower
heads, with dark eyes, are borne singly
amid gray-green foliage from mid¬
summer to fall. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

£>:- 6 H6-i

Brugmansia x Candida
'Grand Marnier'

Evergreen, robust shrub with large,
oval to elliptic leaves. Pendent, flared,
trumpet-shaped, apricot flowers open
from an inflated calyx in summer.

H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 £> ® Zll HU-10

Iresine herbstii 'Aureoreticulata'

Evergreen, bushy perennial with
red stems and inconspicuous flowers.
Rounded, mid-green leaves, 4in (10cm)
long, have yellow or red veins and
notched tips. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

& 6 ZU HU-l

Euryops pectinatus

Evergreen, upright shrub. Deeply cut,
gray-green leaves set off large heads of
daisylike, bright yellow flowers, borne
in late spring and early summer and
often again in winter. H and S 3ft (lm).
Min. 41-5°F (5-7°C).

-£> ; - 6 ZU Hll-9

Argyranthemum butterfly ('Ulyssis')

Evergreen subshrub, grown as an
annual, with finely divided, dark green
leaves. Prolific, daisylike, single, bright
yellow flower heads are produced in
summer-fall. H 18-36in (45-90cm),

S 15-18in (38-45cm).

Bidens 'Gold Star'

Rather spreading, short-lived perennial,
grown as an annual. Semi-trailing
stems have divided leaves and bear
star-shaped, golden-eyed, bright
yellow flower heads in summer-fall.

H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).

A Z8-U HU-1

Duranta erecta

(Pigeonberry, golden dewdrop)

Fast-growing, usually evergreen, bushy
shrub. Has spikes of lilac-blue flowers,
mainly in summer, followed by yellow
fruits. H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-10ft (2-3m).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Zll Hll-10

6 Z8-u hii-7

Duranta erecta 'Gold Edge'

Evergreen, fast-growing, bushy
shrub, grown as an annual, with oval,
toothed, glossy, bright green leaves,
2-3in (5-7.5cm) long, irregularly
margined in bright yellow. Rarely
flowers. H and S 24in (60cm).

6 zu hu-io

Antirrhinum majus Liberty Classic
Series 'Liberty Yellow'

Erect perennial, grown as an annual,
branching from the base. Has lance¬
shaped, dull green leaves and in
summer-fall bears spikes of tubular,
2-lipped, 2-tone yellow flowers. H 18-22in
(45-55cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm).

&: 6 Z9—11 HI 1-1

319

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

YELLOW

Claucium flavum (Horned poppy)

Slow-growing, erect biennial with
oval, lobed, light grayish-green leaves.
Poppy-like, vivid yellow flowers, 3in
(8cm) wide, appear in summer and early
fall. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Tagetes Gold Coins Series

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual. Has
aromatic, feathery, glossy, deep green
leaves and large, daisylike, double flower
heads in shades of yellow and orange
in summer and early fall. H 36in (90cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 ® H12-1

San vita Ha procumbens

(Creeping zinnia)

Moderately fast-growing, prostrate
annual with pointed-oval leaves.
Daisylike, yellow flower heads,
lin (2.5cm) wide, with black centers,
! are borne in summer. H 6in (15cm),
S 12in (30cm).

320 ...

-:0; 6 Z5-11 H12-1

Nemesia Sunsatia Series
sunsatia mango ('Inupyel')

Evergreen, semi-trailing, woody-based
perennial, grown as an annual, with
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Racemes
of 2-lipped, yellow flowers, with golden
lips and purple throats, are borne in
summer. H 9in (23cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 A Z9-10 H10-1

Xerochrysum bracteatum Sundaze
Series sundaze gold ('Redbragol')

Bushy, rounded, short-lived perennial,
grown as an annual, with lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Produces small,
papery, daisylike, yellow flower heads,
with orange centers, in summer-fall.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12in (30cm).

Rudbeckia hirta 'Toto Gold'

Upright, strong-stemmed biennial or
short-lived perennial, often grown as
an annual, with ovate to lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Has large, daisylike,
bright yellow flower heads with very
dark brown centers in summer and
early fall. H and S to 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Antirrhinum majus
Chimes Series [yellow]

Erect perennial usually grown as an
annual, with branching shoots and
mid- to dark green, lance-shaped leaves.
During summer and fall produces
racemes of bright yellow, 2-lipped
flowers. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 A Z8-10 H10-7

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Platystemon californicus

(Cream cups)

Moderately fast-growing, upright,
compact annual with lance-shaped,
grayish-green leaves. Saucer-shaped,
cream or pale yellow flowers, about
lin (2.5cm) across, appear in summer.
H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).

Argemone mexicana

(Devil's fig, Prickly poppy)

Spreading perennial, grown as an
annual, with leaves divided into white-
marked, grayish-green leaflets. In
summer has fragrant, poppy-like,
yellow or orange flowers, 3in (8cm)
wide. H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Calendula officinalis 'Daisy May'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
aromatic, lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves and numerous, semidouble,
yellow flower heads from late spring
to fall. H and S 12-16in (30-40cm).

Coreopsis grandiflora 'Sunray'

Spreading, clump-forming perennial,
grown as an annual by sowing under
glass in early spring. Has lance-shaped,
serrated leaves and daisylike, double,
bright yellow flower heads in summer.
H 18in (45cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 HI 1-7

6 hi l-i

6 H6-i

-:§ ; - 6 Z4-9 Hll-l

Smyrnium perfoliatum

Slow-growing, upright biennial. Upper
leaves, rounded and yellow-green,
encircle stems that bear heads of
yellowish-green flowers in summer.

H 2-3ft (60cm-lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 Z6-10 H8-1

Cladanthus arabicus

Moderately fast-growing, hummock¬
forming annual with aromatic, feathery,
light green leaves. Has fragrant,
daisylike, single, deep yellow flower
heads, 2in (5cm) wide, in summer and
early fall. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Coreopsis tinctoria (Tickseed)

Fast-growing, erect, bushy annual with
lance-shaped leaves. Large, daisylike,
bright yellow flower heads with red
centers are carried in summer and early
fall. H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 H12-1

0 6Z4-9 H12-1

Eschscholzia caespitosa

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual
with feathery, bluish-green leaves.
Cup-shaped, 4-petaled, yellow flowers,
lin (2.5cm) wide, appear in summer
and early fall. H and S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H9-2

Limnanthes douglasii

(Meadow foam, Poached-egg flower)

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual.
Feathery leaves are glossy, light green;
slightly fragrant, cup-shaped, white
flowers with yellow centers are carried
from early to late summer. H 6in (15cm),
S 4in (10cm).

0 6 H9-1

321

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

YELLOW

Mimulus Magic Series
'Magic Yellow Blotch'

Erect, well-branched perennial, grown
as an annual. Fleshy stems bear small,
oval, toothed, mid-green leaves and in
summer bear flared, tubular flowers
in bright yellow heavily blotched in
red. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Helianthus annuus 'Teddy Bear'

Fast-growing, compact, hairy-stemmed
annual with toothed, roughly hairy
leaves. Produces daisylike, double,
deep yellow flower heads, to 5in (13cm)
across, in summer. H 36in (90cm),

S to 24in (60cm).

Ursinia anthemoides

Moderately fast-growing, bushy
annual with feathery, pale green leaves.
Small, daisylike, purple-centered flower
heads with orange-yellow rays, purple
beneath, appear in summer and early
fall. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 H12-6

Helianthus annuus 'Music Box'

Fast-growing, free-flowering, many-
branched, hairy-stemmed annual. Bears

daisylike flower heads, 4-5in (10-12cm)
across, with ray-florets ranging from
creamy-yellow to dark red, and black
disc-florets, in summer. H 28in (70cm),
S to 24in (60cm).

A Z9-10 H10-1

0 6 ® Hll-l

6 ® Hii-i

322

Xanthophthalmum segetum

Moderately fast-growing, erect annual
with lance-shaped, gray-green leaves.
Daisylike, single flower heads, to 3in
(8cm) wide, in shades of yellow, are
carried in summer and early fall. Is
excellent for cut flowers. H 18in (45cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 H9-1

Calendula officinalis Pacific Beauty
Series 'Lemon Queen'

Fast-growing, erect annual with
softly hairy, aromatic leaves. Daisylike,
double, lemon-yellow flower heads,
with red-brown disc-florets, are borne
from summer to fall. H to 18in (45cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 H6-1

Tagetes 'Naughty Marietta'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
aromatic, deeply cut, deep green
leaves. Heads of daisylike, bicolored
flowers, deep yellow and maroon,
are carried in summer and early fall.
H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® H12-1

Begonia 'Herzog von Sagan'

Upright Tuberhybrida begonia with few
side shoots. Double, yellow flowers, 8in
(20cm) across, with rough-edged, red
petals, are borne in summer. H 3ft (lm),
S iy 2 ft (45cm). Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

4 Hii-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ORANGE

Cazania Daybreak Series
'Daybreak Bright Yellow'

Spreading perennial, grown as an
annual, with narrowly lance-shaped,
dark-green leaves. Daisylike, vivid yellow
flower heads, 3in (7.5cm) across, with
a dark ring round each golden eye, are
borne all summer. H and S 8in (20cm).

0 A Z8-10 H10-8

Viola x wittrockianci
Angel Series 'Tiger Eye'

Clump-forming, short-lived perennial,
grown as a biennial or annual, with small,
oval, toothed, dark leaves. 5-petaled,
burnished-gold flowers, patterned with
chestnut-brown whiskers, are borne in
spring. H and S 8in (20cm).

Lysimachia congestiflora
'Outback Sunset'

Mat-forming or trailing perennial, grown
as an annual. Lance-shaped, red-tinged,
dark green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, are
irregularly splashed in yellow. Has clusters
of 5-lobed, trumpet-shaped, yellow flowers
in summer. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching perennial, grown as an
annual, with lance-shaped leaves.

In summer-fall bears daisylike, deep
golden-orange flower heads, 3in (8cm)
wide, with black centers. H 18in (45cm),
S 12in (30cm).

Carthamus tinctorius

Moderately fast-growing, upright
annual with coarse, spine-edged, linear
foliage. Produces tufted, thistle-like
flowers, surrounded by stiff green
bracts, in summer. Suitable for drying.
H and S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Tropaeolum majus Alaska Series

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
rounded, variegated leaves. Spurred,
trumpet-shaped flowers, in shades
of red or yellow, appear in summer
and early fall. H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Hll-3

6 zio-ii H9-i

Rudbeckia hirta 'Marmalade'

0 (k Z8-11 H9-1

0 <k Z6—9 H9-6

0 6 12-1 H7-1

323

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ORANGE

Erysimum x allionii 'Orange Bedder'

Slow-growing, short-lived, evergreen,
bushy perennial, grown as a biennial.
Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Heads of scented, 4-petaled, brilliant
orange flowers appear in spring.

H and S 12in (30cm).

San vitalia procumbens
'Mandarin Orange'

Moderately fast-growing, prostrate
annual. Has pointed-oval, mid-green
leaves and daisylike, orange flower
heads, lin (2.5cm) wide, in summer.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

& 6 Z3-7 H7-1

0 6 Z5-11 H12-1

324 ...

I A Z10-11 Hll-l

Cazania Kiss Series
'Kiss Orange Flame'

Spreading perennial, grown as an
annual, with long, narrowly lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves. All summer
produces daisylike, orange flowers,

3in (7.5cm) across, with mahogany-
striped petals. H and S 8in (20cm).

Portulaca Sundial Series 'Mango'

Spreading, slightly succulent

perennial, grown as an annual, with
lance-shaped, fleshy, red-tinted, dark
green leaves. In summer bears bowl¬
shaped, semidouble, peach flowers,
2in (5cm) across. H 8-15in (20-38cm),
S 10-12in (25-30cm).

6 Z9-11 H9-1

Tagetes Boy Series [orange]

Compact annual that bears double,
crested flower heads in a range of
colors, including shades of golden-
yellow, yellow, orange or reddish-
brown, with deep orange or yellow
crests, in late spring and early summer.
H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® H12-1

Tithonia rotundifolia 'Torch'

Slow-growing, erect annual with
rounded, lobed leaves. Has daisylike,
bright orange or scarlet flower heads,
2-3in (5-7cm) wide, in summer and
early fall. H 36in (90cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 zio-n Hi2-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Rudbeckia hirta 'Goldilocks'

Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching perennial, grown as an
annual. Has lance-shaped leaves
and daisylike, double or semidouble,
golden-orange flower heads, 3in (8cm)
across, in summer-fall. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Zinnia haageana 'Orange Star'

Dwarf, bushy annual with daisylike,
broad-petaled, orange flower heads,
borne in summer. Is mildew-resistant
and good for groundcover. H to lOin
(25cm), S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 H12-1

Abutilon pictum 'Thompsonii'

Robust, evergreen, upright shrub with
3-5-lobed, serrated, rich green, heavily
yellow-mottled leaves. Yellow-orange
flowers with crimson veins are borne
from summer to fall. H 15ft (5m), S 6—15ft
(2-5m). Min. 41-5°F (5-7°C).

Calendula officinalis
Fiesta Gitana Group

Fast-growing, bushy annual with

strongly aromatic, lance-shaped, pale
green leaves. Daisylike, double flower
heads, ranging from cream to orange
in color, are carried from spring to fall.
H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z8-10 HI 1-8

6 H6-1

Impatiens Sunpatiens Series
SUNPATIENS COMPACT ORANGE
('SakimpOl 1')

Mound-forming, well-branched, prolific
perennial, grown as an annual. Has
flatfish, 5-petaled, spurred, thick-petaled,
vivid orange flowers, 2 1 /£in (6cm) across,
in summer. H and S 24in (60cm).

Lantana 'Spreading Sunset'

Evergreen, rounded to spreading shrub
with finely wrinkled, deep green leaves.
Has tiny, tubular flowers in a range of
colors, carried in dense, rounded heads
from spring to fall. H and S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

0 6 ® Zll HI 1-1

0- Ahio-i

Impatiens Fusion Series
fusion peach frost ('Balfuspeafro')

Evergreen, bushy perennial, grown as an

annual, with elliptical, pale green leaves
margined in cream. Tubular, 5-petaled,
peach-pink flowers, %in (1.5cm) across,
with orange centers, are borne in summer.
H and S 10-16in (25-40cm).

4 hio-1

325

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ORANGE

Tagetes 'Tangerine Gem'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
aromatic, feathery leaves. Small, single,
deep orange flower heads appear in
summer and early fall. H 8in (20cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® H12-1

Coreopsis 'Rum Punch'

Bushy, rather spreading, prolific but
short-lived perennial, grown as an
annual. Slender stems have divided, dark
| green leaves and in summer-fall bear
daisylike, coppery-pink flower heads,
VMn (3.5cm) across. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm).

326 ...

-:o:- Azio-n hio-i

Calendula officinalis 'Geisha Girl'

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
strongly aromatic, lance-shaped, pale
green leaves. Heads of double, orange
flowers with incurved petals are borne
from late spring to fall. H 24in (60cm),
S 12-24in (30-60cm).

TOW

In

Eschscholzia californica

Fast-growing, slender, erect annual
with feathery, bluish-green leaves.
Cup-shaped, 4-petalled, vivid orange-
yellow flowers are borne in summer-fall.
H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).

& 6 H6-1

0 6 zn H9-i

Erysimum cheiri 'Fire King'

Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
bushy perennial, grown as a biennial.
Lance-shaped leaves are mid- to deep
green; heads of 4-petaled, reddish-
orange flowers are carried in spring.
H 15in (38cm), S 12-15in (30-38cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Emilia coccinea (Tassel flower)

Moderately fast-growing, upright annual
with lance-shaped, grayish-green leaves
and double, red or yellow flower heads
in summer. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 - 6 H9-i

Solanum pseudocapsicum
'Red Giant'

Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, bushy
shrub, usually grown as an annual. Has
lance-shaped, deep green leaves, small,
white flowers in summer and large,
round, orange-red fruits in winter.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 ® Zll-12 H12-6

Tropaeolum Jewel Series

Fast-growing, bushy annual with
rounded leaves. Spurred, trumpet¬
shaped flowers, in shades of red,
yellow or orange, are held well above
leaves from early summer to early fall.
H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Zll-12 H12-1

Dahlia Dahlietta Series
'Surprise Kelly'

Compact, bushy, well-branched, tuberous
perennial, grown as an annual. In summer
has pointed-oval, toothed leaves and flat
heads of daisylike, golden-yellow flowers,
very heavy speckled in dark orange.

H 10-12in (25-30cm), S 14-16in (35-40cm).

Caillardia pulchella 'Lollipops'

Moderately fast-growing, upright annual
with lance-shaped, hairy, grayish-green
leaves. Daisylike, double, red-and-yellow
flower heads, 2in (5cm) wide, are carried
in summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-l

Dahlia 'Dandy'

Well-branched, erect, bushy, tuberous
perennial, grown as an annual. Has
pointed-oval, serrated leaves and heads
of daisylike flowers, with contrasting
central collars of quilled petals, in shades
of red, yellow or orange in summer.

H and S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-l

0 6 Z9—11 Hll-l

Eschscholzia californica
Thai Silk Series

Fast-growing, compact, slender, erect
annual with feathery, bluish-green
leaves. In summer-fall, produces
single or semidouble, fluted, bronze-
tinged flowers in red, pink or orange.
H 8-1 Oin (20-25cm), S 6in (15cm).

Solanum pseudocapsicum 'Balloon'

Evergreen, bushy shrub, grown as an
annual. Has lance-shaped leaves and,
in summer, small, star-shaped, white
flowers. Large, cream fruits turn orange
in winter. H 12in (30cm), S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6

0 6 © Zll-12 H12-6

327

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANNUALS, BIENNIALS
AND BEDDING

ROCK PLANTS

Rock plants are prized for their natural charm, foliage forms,
and, in many cases, masses of colorful flowers in spring and
summer. Grow them in areas that mimic the conditions in which
they thrive in the wild, which are usually exposed sites with
stony, rapidly draining soils. As long as they have sharp
drainage and protection from excessive winter moisture, you
can grow rock plants in small gardens in a trough or container,
or where there is more space, in a rock garden or scree bed. If
the soil in your garden is unsuitable, you can also grow these
ground-hugging plants in raised beds to create landscapes in
miniature. Raised beds also have the advantage of bringing
the small plants closer to eye level so that you can admire
their tiny, delicate features in more detail.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

The delicate flowers and foliage of many rock plants belies their tough
nature, withstanding the burning sun and harsh winds typical of their
alpine habitats. They make excellent plants for the garden, and are
perfect for rock and scree gardens, wall crevices, troughs, and pots.

SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP

Large Medium Small

over 6in - up to 6in

(15cm) (15cm)

What are rock plants?

The term rock plants includes bulbs and
mat- and cushion-forming perennials—
many of which are evergreen—as well as
dwarf conifers and both evergreen and
deciduous shrubs. Some are true alpines
from mountain regions, while others are
simply compact plants suitable for rock-
garden planting schemes. While some
alpines have specialized needs, many
species and cultivars, including aubrietas
and geraniums, are easy to grow and thrive
in any well-drained soil and sunny site.

True alpines are found at high altitudes
above the tree line on mountains, growing
on scree slopes, in short sod, or finding
protection from the wind by squeezing
into rock crevices. Subalpine plants live
below the tree line on rocky slopes or in
high pastures or meadows. Most alpines
are compact in habit and frequently deep¬
rooting, usually with small leaves that
are leathery, fleshy, or covered in fine hair.

These adaptations help them survive the
drying, high-velocity winds, brilliant,
burning sun, and extreme temperature
fluctuations of their natural habitats.

Most rock plants grow in areas that
have stony soil with rapid drainage,
which explains why few can cope with wet
soil around the roots, which is experienced
at lower altitudes. They also dislike warm,
humid summers.

In the wild, high-growing species are
insulated from winter cold by a blanket of
snow, beneath which they remain dormant
at temperatures around 32°F (0°C) until
spring. Those environments that mimic
conditions in the wild, such as rock
gardens, scree and gravel beds, troughs,
pots, raised beds, and open frames, are
therefore ideal for growing rock plants. You
can grow alpines successfully even in areas
where the soil is unsuitable by filling raised
beds, pots, and troughs with free-draining
soil and horticultural grit.

Designing with
rock plants

One of the major attractions of this
group is their diminutive size, which
allows you to grow a huge number of
different plant types in a relatively
confined space.

In a rock garden—as in larger-scale
plantings—use small shrubs, such as
the highly fragrant Daphne cneorum
and D. retusa or the catkin-bearing Salix
bockii and S. apoda, to form the structural
framework of your design. Miniature
conifers, such as Juniperus communis
'Compressa', provide vertical accents
and year-round color, and work well in
combination with the contrasting forms
of rounded or domed plants, such as the
evergreen Hebe cupressoides 'Boughton
Dome' and Cassiope lycopodioides.

This structure can then be filled in with
mat- and cushion-forming plants, such as
sandworts ( Arenaria ] or Dianthus deltoides,

330

ABOVE Mediterranean mountains

Recreate a Mediterranean alpine scene with clay
pots and pebbles decorating beds that include a
range of sedums, saxifrages, thymes, and arabis,
with clipped boxwood balls providing structure.

LEFT Colorful tapestry

Siting a rock garden on a gentle slope assists rapid
drainage, while an open, sunny site is perfect for alpines.
Choose plants with contrasting forms, such as teardrop¬
shaped, upright conifers and mats of colorful blooms.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

i*:T

PLANTING A GRAVEL OR SCREE GARDEN

Gravel gardens are ideal for alpines and rock plants. Stones can be worked
into a scheme to create a rock garden, or a variety of rock and stone sizes
used on a slope to form a natural scree. A gravel or slate chip mulch helps

to keep the plant leaves and stems dry and prevents rotting, but lay weed¬
suppressing fabric over the soil first. This eliminates light and stops weed
seeds from germinating but still allows moisture through to the plant.

A weed-free gravel garden

I Lay the fabric

Measure your bed, and buy
sufficient weed-suppressing fabric
to cover it. Overlap the edges when
joining two pieces together. Cut
crosses where you plan to plant.

2 Plant up

Fold back the flaps, and dig a hole,
putting the excavated soil on a plastic
sheet. Insert the plant, water in, and
backfill with soil. Firm in and replace
the flaps around the plant stems.

3 Add gravel mulch

Trim the fabric around the
stems and continue to plant in this
way. When the bed is planted, spread
a 2-3in (5-8cm) layer of gravel over
the fabric and around each plant.

at the feet of slightly taller, feathery-leaved
pulsatillas or the airy Linum narbonense.

As well as shape and form, think about
contrasting textures. Candidates include
the almost beadlike foliage of certain
sedums, spiky houseleek ( Sempervivum ]
rosettes, and the pointy-tipped gray leaves
of Euphorbia myrsinites, which would make
eye-catching partners for the white-haired
leaves of edelweiss ( Leontopodium ) or the
silky, silver leaves of celmisias.

Most alpines like an open sunny site
and will not thrive if they are shaded by
overhanging trees or neighboring plants.
Plant them with space to spread, and use
a dry mulch, such as gravel, to keep the
stems and leaves dry at all times. Mulches
also act as a foil for the plants.

If you have limited space, plant a
selection of alpines in small pots filled with
gritty potting mix. Many plants in this
group are drought-tolerant and thrive in
containers, and when grouped together
make colorful displays. Troughs can be
given a modern makeover by planting
alpines between slate chips (see box right),
or using a ground glass or shell mulch.

Raised beds offer another design option
for those with small gardens. They are also
useful for people with reduced mobility,
allowing them to access the plants more
easily. Use raised beds to create miniature
landscapes with plants spreading between
rocks and pebbles. Dry-stone walls offer
ideal sites for many crevice-lovers, such
as aubretias and sedums, while cascading
alpines, such as Saxifraga 'Tumbling
Waters', are perfect for the tops of walls.

Year-round interest

Many alpines flower in spring and early
summer, just after the snow melts and
before the heat of mid-summer in their
natural habitat. For color earlier in the
year, plant spring bulbs, such as alpine
narcissus or crocuses, among evergreen
perennials, conifers, and small shrubs.

The choice of flowers at the peak flowering
times is vast, so coordinate your color

PLANTING A SLATE-FILLED TROUGH

Topped with slate chips, this decorative trough
mirrors a natural mountain scree, and provides
a long season of color in spring and summer.
Plants included in this display are Draba
species, erigerons, saxifrages, Silene acaulis
and Townsendia grandiflora. However, any
small alpines that have different leaf textures
and flower colors will work equally well. Move
your trough to its final position before you start,
as it will be very heavy once planted.

schemes for a dramatic performance.

Hot colors, such as the bright yellow
sedums and wallflowers ( Erysimum ) and
scarlet and orange helianthemums, create
highlights against more subdued blues and
purples. As the summer progresses, select
later-flowering rock plants, including phlox,
crepis, and diascias, followed by the pink
Silene schafta, gentians, and berry-bearing
gaultherias in the fall.

1 Prepare the trough

Cover the drainage holes at the base of the
trough with crocks. Add a 2in (5cm) layer of gravel.
Fill up the trough with equal parts of soil-based
potting mix and sand, to 2in (5cm) from the top.

Add slates and plants

Push the slate chips vertically into the medium,
leaving spaces for the alpines. Water the plants, and
plant them into the gaps, making sure the roots are
covered with the sand and soil mix. Water well.

331

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

SPRING

WHITE

Leontopodium alpinum (Edelweiss)

Short-lived perennial with lance-shaped,
woolly leaves. Small, silvery-white
flower heads, in spring or early summer,
are surrounded by petal-like, felted
bracts in a star shape. Dislikes wet.

H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Lithophragma parviflorum

Clump-forming, tuberous perennial that
has small, open clusters of campion-like,
white or pink flowers in spring above a
basal cluster of deeply toothed, kidney¬
shaped leaves. Lies dormant in summer.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S to 8in (20cm).

& 6 Z4—6 H6-1

Iberis sempervirens

Evergreen, spreading subshrub, with
narrow, oblong, dark green leaves,
bearing dense, rounded heads of white
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Trim after flowering. H 6-12in (15-30cm),
S 18-24in (45-60cm).

A Z4—6 H6-1

Pulsatilla alpina (Alpine anemone)

Tufted perennial with feathery leaves.
Has upright, or nodding, cup-shaped,
white, sometimes blue- or pink-flushed
flowers singly in spring and early
summer, then feathery seed heads.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S to 4in (10cm).

Saxifraga granulata (Fair maids
of France, Meadow saxifrage)

Clump-forming perennial that loses
its kidney-shaped, crumpled, glossy
leaves in summer. Sticky stems carry
loose panicles of rounded, white flowers
in late spring. H 9-15in (23-38cm),

S to 6in (15cm) or more.

0 6 Z5-9 H9-3

Rhodanthemum hosmariense

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with
finely cut, bright silvery-green leaves
that clothe lax, woody stems. From
late spring to early fall, white flower
heads are borne singly above foliage.
H 6in (15cm) or more, S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Andromeda polifolia 'Alba'

Evergreen, open, twiggy shrub
bearing terminal clusters of pitcher¬
shaped, white flowers in spring and
early summer. Glossy, dark green
leaves are leathery and lance-shaped.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

6 Z7-8 H8-7

Cassiope 'Muirhead'

Evergreen, loose, bushy shrub
with scalelike, dark green leaves
on upright branches. In spring,
these bear tiny, virtually stemless,
bell-shaped, white flowers along
their length. H and S 8in (20cm).

Cassiope tetragona

Evergreen, upright shrub with dense,
scalelike, dark green leaves concealing
branched stems. In spring, leaf axils
bear solitary pendent, bell-shaped,
white flowers in red calyces. H 4-1 Oin
(10-25cm ), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

332 ...

I (J Z9-11 HI 1-7

0 A E5 Z2-6 H6-1

A SSZ2-6 H6-1

A Sii Z2-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Jeffersonia diphyllci

Slow-growing, tufted perennial with
distinctive, 2-lobed, light to mid-green
leaves. Bears solitary cup-shaped, white
flowers with prominent, yellow stamens
in late spring. Do not disturb roots.

H 6-9in (15-23cm), S to 9in (23cm).

A Z5—7 H7-5

Daphne blagayana

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with
trailing branches each bearing a
terminal cluster of oval, leathery leaves
and, in early spring, dense clusters
of fragrant, tubular, white flowers.
Likes rich soil. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 24-32in (60-80cm) or more.

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Tiarella cordifolia (Foamflower)

Vigorous, evergreen, spreading
perennial. Lobed, pale green leaves
sometimes have darker marks; veins
turn bronze-red in winter. Bears many
spikes of profuse white flowers in late
spring and early summer. H 6-8in
(15-20cm), S to 12in (30cm) or more.

6 Z3-8 H7-1

Saxifraga 'Tumbling Waters'

Slow-growing, evergreen, mat-forming
perennial with a tight rosette of narrow,
lime-encrusted leaves. After several
years produces arching sprays of white
flowers in conical heads; main rosette
then dies but small offsets survive.

H to 24in (60cm), S to 8in (20cm).

Andromeda poll folia 'Com pa eta'

Evergreen, compact, twiggy shrub

that bears delicate, terminal clusters of
pitcher-shaped, coral-pink flowers, with
white undertones, in spring and early
summer. Leaves are lance-shaped and
glossy, dark green. H 6-9in (15-23cm),

S 12in (30cm).

Daphne cneorum

Evergreen, low-growing shrub with
trailing branches clothed in small, oval,
leathery, dark green leaves. Fragrant,
deep rose pink flowers are borne in
terminal clusters in late spring. Prefers
rich soil. H 9in (23cm), S to 6ft (2m).

0 6 Z6-7 H7-6

A Z2—6 H6-1

6 ® Z5—7 H7-5

Daphne alpina

Compact and upright deciduous shrub
with softly hairy, oval, gray-green leaves.
In late spring produces terminal clusters
of small, white flowers that are sweetly
scented. These are followed by spherical,
orange-red fruits. H and S to 24in (60cm).

6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Dodecatheon meadia f. album

Clump-forming perennial with basal
rosettes of oval, pale green leaves.

In spring, strong stems bear several
white flowers with dark centers and
reflexed petals. Lies dormant in summer.
H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-i

Dodecatheon hendersonii

Clump-forming perennial with a flat
rosette of kidney-shaped leaves, above
which deep pink flowers with reflexed
petals appear in late spring. Needs a dry,
dormant summer period. H 12in (30cm),
S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Phyllodoce x intermedia
'Drummondii'

Evergreen, bushy, dwarf shrub with
narrow, heather-like, glossy leaves.
From late spring to early summer
bears terminal clusters of pitcher¬
shaped, rich pink flowers on slender,
red stalks. H and S 9in (23cm).

A SS Z3-7 H7-1

Dodecatheon pulchellum 'Red Wings'

Clump-forming perennial with a
basal cluster of oblong, soft, pale green
leaves. In late spring and early summer
bears small, loose clusters of deep
magenta flowers, with reflexed petals,
on strong stems. Lies dormant in
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm).

A Z4-7 H8-2

333

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

SPRING

PINK

Phyllodoce empetriformis

Evergreen, mat-forming shrub with fine
narrow, heather-like leaves and terminal
clusters of bell-shaped, purplish-pink
flowers in late spring and early summer.
H 6-9in (15-23cm), S 8in (20cm).

A ?!? Z3—6 H6-i

Phyllodoce caerulea

Evergreen, dwarf shrub with fine,
narrow, heather-like leaves. Bears bell¬
shaped, purple to purplish-pink flowers,
singly or in clusters, in late spring and
summer. H and S to 12in (30cm).

0 A ?!J Z2-5 H5-1

334

Daphne x hendersonii
'Blackthorn Rose'

Evergreen, domed shrub with glossy,
dark green leaves, to lin (2.5cm) long.

In spring produces numerous, rounded
deep reddish-purple buds that open to
very fragrant, pink flowers with spreading
lobes. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ® Z3-7 H7-3

Pulsatilla halleri

Tufted perennial, intensely hairy in
all parts, that in spring bears nodding,
later erect, cup-shaped flowers in shades
of purple. Has feathery leaves and seed
heads. H 6-15in (15-38cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm).

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Pulsatilla vulgaris (Pasque flower)

Tufted perennial with feathery, light
green leaves. In spring bears nodding,
cup-shaped flowers, in shades of
purple, red, pink or white, with bright
yellow centers. Flower stems rapidly
elongate as feathery seeds mature.

H and S 6-9in (15-23cm).

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Erinacea anthyllis (Hedgehog broom)

Slow-growing, evergreen subshrub
with hard, blue-green spines. Pealike,
soft lavender flowers appear in axils of
spines in late spring to early summer.

H and S 6-10in (15-25cm).

BLUE

Aquilegia alpina (Alpine columbine)

Short-lived, upright perennial with
spurred, clear blue or violet-blue flowers
on slender stems in spring and early
summer. Has basal rosettes of rounded,
finely divided leaves. Needs rich soil.

H to 18in (45cm), S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z4-7 H7-1

Omphalodes verna

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial that in spring bears long,
loose sprays of flat, bright blue flowers
with white eyes. Leaves are oval and
mid-green. H and S 8in (20cm) or more.

Omphalodes cappadocica

Spreading perennial with creeping
underground stems and many loose
sprays of flat, bright blue flowers in
spring-summer above tufts of oval,
hairy, basal leaves. H 6-8in (15-20cm),
S lOin (25cm) or more.

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

0 A Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Corydalis cheilanthifolia

Evergreen perennial with fleshy roots.
Produces spreading rosettes of fernlike,
near-prostrate, sometimes bronze-tinted,
mid-green leaves. Has dense spikes of
short-spurred, yellow flowers in late
spring and early summer. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).

6 Z5-7 H7-3

Salix helvetica

Deciduous, spreading, much-branched,
dwarf shrub that has small, oval,
glossy leaves, white-haired beneath.

In spring bears short-stalked, silky,
gray, then yellow catkins. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

Betula nana (Arctic birch)

Deciduous, bushy, dwarf shrub with
small, toothed leaves that turn bright
yellow in fall. Has tiny, yellowish-
brown catkins in spring. H 12in (30cm),
S 18in (45cm).

0 6 ES Z2-5 H5-1

Aurinia saxatilis 'Citrina'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with oval, hairy, gray-green leaves. Bears
racemes of many, small, pale lemon-
yellow flowers in late spring and early
summer. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

& 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Corydalis wilsonii

Evergreen perennial with a fleshy
rootstock. Forms rosettes of near-
prostrate, divided, bluish-green leaves.
Loose racemes of spurred, green-tipped,
yellow flowers are produced in spring.

H and S 4-10in (10-25cm).

Chiastophyllum oppositifolium

Evergreen, trailing perennial with large,
oblong, serrated, succulent leaves. In
late spring and early summer bears
many tiny, yellow flowers in arching
sprays. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 6in (15cm).

# 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Cytisus x beanii

Deciduous, low-growing shrub
with arching sprays of pealike, golden-
yellow flowers that appear in late spring
and early summer on previous year's
wood. Leaves, divided into 3 leaflets,
are small, linear and hairy. H 6-16in
(15-40cm), S 12-30in (30-75cm).

6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

Aurinia saxatilis 'Variegata'

Evergreen perennial that bears

racemes of many small, yellow flowers
in spring above a mat of large, oval, soft
gray-green leaves with cream margins.
H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

Hylomecon japonica

Vigorous, spreading perennial with
large, cup-shaped, bright yellow
flowers that are borne singly on slender
stems in spring. Soft, dark green leaves
are divided into 4 unequal lobes.

H to 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Erysimum 'Moonlight'

Mat-forming, evergreen perennial with
narrowly oval leaves. In early summer,
produces clusters of pale, sulfur-yellow
flowers on short, leafy stems. Prefers an
open site and gritty soil. H lOin (25cm),
S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Aurinia saxatilis (Gold dust)

Evergreen perennial forming low
clumps of oval, hairy, gray-green
leaves. Has substantial spikes of
small, chrome-yellow flowers in
spring. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

&: 6 Z5-8 H8-5

-£> ; - 6 Z6—7 H7-6

6 Z4—8 H8-1

&: 6 Z4-8 H8-1

335

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

SPRING

SUMMER

YELLOW

Erysimum 'Bredon'

Semievergreen, rounded, woody
perennial clothed in oval, dark green
leaves. In late spring bears dense spikes
of flat, bright mustard-yellow flowers.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 18in (45cm).

WHITE

Parnassia palustris
(Grass of Parnassus)

Perennial with low, basal tufts of heart-
shaped, pale to mid-green leaves. Bears
saucer-shaped, white flowers, with dark
green or purplish-green veins, on erect
stems in late spring and early summer.
H 8in (20cm), S 2!£in (6cm) or more.

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 4 Z4—11 Hll-1

Erysimum x kewense 'Harpur Crewe'

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with
stiff stems and narrow leaves. Fragrant,
double, deep yellow flowers open
in succession from late spring to
mid-summer. Grows best in poor soil
and a sheltered site. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

336

Berberis x stenophylla
'Corallina Compacta'

Evergreen, neat, dwarf shrub with
spiny stems clothed in small, narrowly
oval leaves. In late spring bears many
tiny, bright orange flowers. Is slow-
growing and difficult to propagate.

H and S to lOin (25cm).

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Armeria pseudarmeria

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with large, spherical heads of white
flowers occasionally suffused pink;
these are borne in summer on stiff
stems above long, narrow, glaucous
leaves. H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6-7 H7-6

Celmisia walkeri

Evergreen, loose, spreading perennial
with long, oval or lance-shaped leaves,
glossy, green above and hairy, white
beneath. Has large, daisylike, white
flower heads in summer. H 9in (23cm),
S to 6ft (2m).

£)•- A ES Z9-10 H10-9

Helianthemum apenninum

Evergreen, spreading, much-branched
shrub that bears saucer-shaped, pure
white flowers in mid-summer. Stems
and small, linear leaves are covered
in white down. H and S 18in (45cm).

Calax urceolata

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
Large, round, leathery, mid-green
leaves on slender stems turn bronze
in fall-winter. Has dense spikes of
small, white flowers in late spring
and early summer. H 6-8in (15-20cm),
S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-5

4 SiJ Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Helianthemum 'Wisley White'

Evergreen, spreading shrub, with
oblong, gray-green leaves, bearing
saucer-shaped, white flowers for a
long period in summer. H 9in (23cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more.

Chamaecytisus purpureus f. albus

Deciduous, low-growing shrub with
semi-erect stems clothed in leaves.

divided into 3 leaflets. A profusion of
pealike, white flowers appear in early
summer on previous year's wood.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

& 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Diascia ice cracker ('Hecrack')

Mat-forming perennial with narrowly
ovate, mid to dark green leaves. From
summer to fall produces upright
racemes of 2-lipped, hooded, shallowly
bell-shaped, spurred, white flowers,
touched pink at the base. H 12in (30cm),
S 6-8in (5-20cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-7

Saxifraga cuneifolia

Evergreen, carpeting perennial with
neat rosettes of rounded leaves. In late
spring and early summer bears panicles
of tiny, white flowers, frequently with
yellow, pink or red spots, on slender
stems. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more.

# <4 75-7 H7-5

Hebe pinguifolia 'Pagei'

Evergreen, semi-prostrate shrub with
small, oblong, slightly cupped, intensely

glaucous leaves. Bears short spikes of
small, white flowers in late spring or
early summer. Is excellent for ground
or rock cover. H 6-12in (15-30cm),

S 24in (60cm).

6 Z8-10 H10-8

Hebe vernicosa

Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub with
small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves
densely packed on stems. In early and
mid-summer, spikes of small, 4-lobed,
white flowers are freely produced.

H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z9—10 H10-9

Saxifraga callosa

Evergreen, tightly rosetted perennial
with long, linear, stiff, lime-encrusted
leaves and, in early summer, upright,
then arching panicles of star-shaped,
red-spotted white flowers. Rosettes
die after flowering. Suits a rock pocket.
H lOin (25cm), S to 8in (20cm).

Corydalis ochroleuca

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with fleshy, fibrous roots and much
divided, basal, gray-green leaves. Bears
slender, yellow-tipped, creamy-white
flowers in late spring and summer.

H and S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

337

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

Oxalis tetraphylla

Tuft-forming, tuberous perennial
with brown-marked, basal leaves,
usually divided into 4 leaflets. Produces
loose sprays of widely funnel-shaped,
deep pink flowers in late spring and
summer. Needs a sheltered site.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 Z8—9 H9-8

PINK

Aethionema grandiflorum

(Persian stone cress)

Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen,
lax shrub. Bears tiny, pale to deep
rose-pink flowers in loose sprays in
spring-summer. Blue-green leaves
are narrow and lance-shaped.

H 12in (30cm), S 9in (23cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H9-7

Saxifraga 'Southside Seedling'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial,
with large, pale green rosettes of leaves,
dying after flowering. In late spring
and early summer bears arching
panicles of open cup-shaped, white
flowers, strongly red-banded within.

H to 12in (30cm), S to 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z4-6 H6-1

Onosma alborosea

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial covered in fine hairs,
which may irritate skin. Clusters
of long, pendent, tubular flowers,
borne for a long period in summer,
open white and then turn pink.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 8in (20cm).

338 ...

-:0; 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Rhodothamnus chamaecistus

Evergreen, low-growing, dwarf shrub
with narrow, oval leaves, edged with
bristles. In late spring and early summer
bears cup-shaped, rose- to lilac-pink
flowers, with dark stamens, in leaf axils.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S to lOin (25cm).

0 6 eU Z7-9 H9-7

Phuopsis stylosa

Low-growing perennial with whorls
of pungent, pale green leaves and
rounded heads of small, tubular, pink
flowers in summer. Is good grown
over a bank or large rock. H 12in (30cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Anthyllis montana

Rounded, bushy or somewhat spreading
perennial with loose branches and finely
cut foliage. Heads of clover-like, pale
pink flowers with red markings are
borne in late spring and early summer.

H and S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Lewisia 'George Henley'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with rosettes of narrow, fleshy, dark
green leaves. Bears dense sprays of
open cup-shaped, deep pink flowers,
with magenta veins, from late spring
to late summer. H 6in (15cm) or more,
S 4in (10cm).

# 6 ^ Z7-9 H9-6

Helianthemum 'Rhodanthe Carneum'

Evergreen, lax shrub with saucer¬
shaped, soft, pale pink flowers with
orange centers borne for a long period
in summer. Has oblong, gray-green
leaves. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.

6 Z6-8 H8-6

Origanum 'Kent Beauty'

Prostrate perennial with trailing stems
clothed in aromatic, rounded-oval
leaves. In summer bears short spikes
of tubular, pale pink flowers with darker
bracts. Is suitable for a wall or ledge.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12in (30cm).

Crassula sarcocaulis

Evergreen or, in severe climates,
semievergreen, bushy subshrub
with tiny, oval, succulent leaves.
Bears terminal clusters of tiny, red
buds opening to pale pink flowers
in summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

Diascia rigescens

Trailing perennial with semi-erect
stems covered in heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Spurred, flat-faced,
salmon-pink flowers are borne along
stem length in summer and early fall.
H 9in (23cm), S to 12in (30cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-6

Geranium orientalitibeticum

Perennial spreading by tuberous,
underground runners. Has cup-shaped,
pink flowers, with white centers, in
summer. Leaves are deeply cut and
marbled in shades of green. May be
invasive. H in flower 6-1 Oin (15-25cm),

S indefinite.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

6 H9-1

6 Z5—7 H8-5

Astilbe x crispa 'Perkeo'

Erect, compact perennial bearing
small plumes of tiny, salmon-pink
flowers from mid- to late summer
on fine stems. Has stiff, deeply cut,
crinkled leaves. H 6-8in (15-20cm),
S 4in (10cm).

Diascia barberae 'Fisher's Flora'

Prostrate perennial with stems clothed
in heart-shaped, pale green leaves. Bears
terminal clusters of spurred, flat-faced,
bright pink flowers in summer and early
fall. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8in (20cm).

Ononis fruticosa (Shrubby restharrow)

Deciduous shrub that in summer
bears pendent clusters of large, pealike,
purplish-pink blooms with darker
streaks. Leaves are divided into 3
serrated leaflets, which are hairy when
young. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Dianthus carthusianorum

Evergreen perennial carrying rounded,
upward-facing, cherry-red or deep pink
flowers on slender stems in summer
above small tufts of grasslike leaves.

H 8in (20cm), S 3in (7cm).

-$fc A Z4—9 H8-2

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

339

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

SUMMER

PINK

RED

Origanum laevigatum

Deciduous, mat-forming subshrub
with small, aromatic, dark green leaves,
branching, red stems and a profusion
of tiny, tubular, cerise-pink flowers,
surrounded by red-purple bracts,
in summer. H 9-12in (23-30cm),

S 8in (20cm) or more.

Lewisia Cotyledon Hybrids

Evergreen, clump-forming perennials
with rosettes of large, thick, toothed
leaves. In early summer bear clusters
of flowers, in various shades of pink
to purple, on erect stems. Is good for
a rock crevice or an alpine house.

H to 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.

6 si! Z5-8 H8-i

Penstemon newberryi f. humilior

Evergreen, mat-forming shrub with
arching branches clothed in small,
leathery, dark green leaves. Bears
short sprays of tubular, lipped,
cherry-red to deep pink flowers
in early summer. H 6-8in (15-20cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Penstemon pinifolius

Evergreen, bushy shrub with
branched stems clothed in fine,
dark green leaves. In summer, very
narrow, tubular, orange-red flowers
are borne in loose, terminal spikes.
H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z8-ii H 12-8

Punica granatum var. nana

(Dwarf pomegranate)

Slow-growing, deciduous, rounded
shrub that, in summer, bears funnel-
shaped, red flowers with somewhat
crumpled petals, followed by small,
rounded, orange-red fruits.

H and S 12-36in (30-90cm).

Delphinium nudicaule

Short-lived, upright perennial with
erect stems bearing deeply divided,
basal leaves and, in summer, spikes
of hooded, red or occasionally yellow
flowers, with contrasting stamens.

H 8in (20cm), S 2-lin (5-10cm).

Zauscbneria californica 'Dublin'

Clump-forming, woody-based perennial
with lance-shaped, gray-green leaves.
From late summer to early fall bears
terminal clusters of tubular, deep
orange-scarlet flowers. H 12in (30cm),

S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

Geranium sanguineum

(Bloody cranesbill)

Hummock-forming, spreading perennial
with many cup-shaped, deep magenta-
pink flowers borne in summer above
round, deeply divided, dark green
leaves. Makes good groundcover.

H to lOin (25cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

340 ...

I : Q (J Z3-8 H8-1

0 6 Z7-10 Hll-1

Erigeron alpinus (Alpine fleabane)

Clump-forming perennial of variable
size that bears daisylike, lilac-pink flower
heads on erect stems in summer. Leaves
are long, oval and hairy. Suits a sunny
border, bank or large rock garden.

H lOin (25cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z5—8 H8-5

0 6 Z4—10 H10-1

0 6 Z7-10 Hll-1

Helianthemum 'Fire Dragon'

Evergreen, spreading shrub with
saucer-shaped, orange-scarlet
flowers in late spring and summer.
Leaves are linear and gray-green.
H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

Cortusa matthioli

Clump-forming perennial with a basal
rosette of rounded, dull green leaves
and, in late spring and early summer,
one-sided racemes of small, pendent,
bell-shaped, reddish- or pinkish-purple
flowers. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in (10cm).

Erodium cheilanthifolium

Compact, mound-forming perennial
with pink flowers, veined and marked
with purple-red, borne on stiff stems
in late spring and summer. Grayish-
green leaves are crinkled and deeply cut.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.

A Z5-8 H8-5

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Calceolaria arachnoidea

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with a basal rosette of wrinkled leaves,
covered in white down. Upright stems
carry spikes of many pouch-shaped,
dull purple flowers in summer. Is best
treated as a biennial. H lOin (25cm),

S 5in (12cm).

0 A Z8—9 H6-1

Scabiosa lucida

Clump-forming perennial with tufts of
oval leaves and rounded heads of pale
lilac to deep mauve flowers, borne on
erect stems in summer. H 8in (20cm),

S 6in (15cm).

Semiaquilegia ecalcarata

Short-lived, upright perennial with
narrow, lobed leaves. In summer
each slender stem bears several
pendent, open bell-shaped, dusky-pink
to purple flowers, with no spurs.

H 8in (20cm), S 3in (7cm).

6 Z4—9 H9-1

Penstemon serrulatus

Semievergreen subshrub, deciduous
in severe climates, that has small, elliptic,
dark green leaves and tubular, blue to
purple flowers borne in loose spikes
in summer. Soil should not be too dry.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

Wulfenia amherstiana

Evergreen perennial with rosettes
of narrowly spoon-shaped, toothed
leaves. Erect stems bear loose clusters
of small, tubular, purple or pinkish-
purple flowers in summer. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S to 12in (30cm).

6 Z6-8 H8-6

Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii
'Chattahoochee'

Short-lived, clump-forming perennial
that has saucer-shaped, red-eyed,
bright lavender flowers throughout
summer-fall. Narrow, pointed leaves
are dark reddish-purple when young.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Phlox divaricata subsp. laphamii

Semievergreen, creeping perennial
with oval leaves and upright stems

bearing loose clusters of saucer-shaped,
pale to deep violet-blue flowers in
summer. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

Z4-8 H8-1

341

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

PURPLE

BLUE

Parahebe catarractae

Evergreen subshrub with oval, toothed,
mid-green leaves and, in summer, loose
sprays of small, open funnel-shaped,
white flowers, heavily zoned and veined
pinkish-purple. H and S 12in (30cm).

Campanula barbata

(Bearded bellflower)

I Evergreen perennial with a basal
I rosette of oval, hairy, gray-green leaves.
In summer bears one-sided racemes
of bell-shaped, white to lavender-blue
flowers. Is short-lived but sets seed
freely. H 8in (20cm), S 5in (12cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Convolvulus sabatius

Trailing perennial with slender stems
clothed in small, oval leaves and open
trumpet-shaped, vibrant blue-purple
flowers in summer and early fall.
Shelter in a rock crevice in a cold site.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12in (30cm).

& 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Sisyrinchium 'E.K. Balls'

Clump-forming, variable perennial
with fans of narrowly sword-shaped,
upright, mid-green leaves. In summer
produces a succession of many
star-shaped, bluish-mauve flowers.

H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).

Campanula wanneri

Clump-forming perennial with
branching stems and hairy, oval
leaves. In summer bears pendent,
bell-shaped, blue to violet-blue
flowers in loose, terminal spikes.
H 6-9in (15-23cm), S lOin (25cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Lithodora oleifolia

Evergreen shrub with oval, pointed,
silky, mid-green leaves. Curving stems
carry loose sprays of several small,
funnel-shaped, light blue flowers
in early summer. H 6-Bin (15-20cm),

S to 3ft (lm).

342 ...

I --Q:- (J Z7-8 H8-7

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Linum perenne

Upright perennial with slender

stems, clothed in grasslike leaves,
that bear terminal clusters of open
funnel-shaped, clear blue flowers
in succession throughout summer.
H 12in (30cm), S to 6in (15cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Phyteuma scheuchzeri

Tufted perennial with narrow, dark
green leaves and terminal heads of spiky,
blue flowers that are borne in summer.
Seeds freely; dislikes winter wet.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in (10cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Moltkia suffruticosa

Deciduous, upright subshrub. In
summer bears clusters of funnel-
shaped, bright blue flowers, pink
in bud, on hairy stems. Leaves are
long, pointed and hairy. H 6-16in
(15-40cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Veronica prostrata
(Prostrate speedwell)

Dense, mat-forming perennial that has
upright spikes of small, saucer-shaped,
brilliant blue flowers in early summer.
Foliage is narrow, oval and toothed.

H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite.

Veronica prostrata Trehane'

Dense, mat-forming perennial bearing
upright spikes of small, saucer-shaped,
deep violet-blue flowers in early summer
above narrow, toothed, yellow or
yellowish-green leaves. H in flower 6-8in
(15-20cm), S indefinite.

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Veronica austriaca
subsp. teucrium 'Kapitan'

Dense, mat-forming perennial
bearing erect spikes of small,
saucer-shaped, bright deep blue
flowers in early summer. Foliage
is narrow, oval and toothed.

H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite.

Erodium chrysanthum

Mound-forming perennial, grown
for its dense, silvery stems and finely
cut, fernlike leaves. Has small sprays
of cup-shaped, sulfur- or creamy-yellow
flowers in late spring and summer.

H and S 9in (23cm).

-:§ ; - 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Hypericum olympicum
f. uniflorum 'Citrinum'

Deciduous, dense, rounded subshrub
with tufts of upright stems, clothed
in small, oval, gray-green leaves.
Bears terminal clusters of lemon-
yellow flowers throughout summer.

H and S 6-12in (15-30cm).

£>:- 6 Z5-8 H8-5

6 Z4—8 H8-3

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue'

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with trailing
stems bearing pointed, oblong, hairy
leaves and, in summer, many open
funnel-shaped, deep blue flowers in leaf
axils. Trim stems hard after flowering.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S to 18in (45cm).

Veronica austriaca subsp. teucrium

Spreading perennial with narrow spikes
of small, flat, outward-facing, bright

blue flowers in summer. Leaves are
small, divided, hairy and grayish-green.
H and S 10-24in (25-60cm).

0 6 SiJ Z8-11 HU-10

6 Z4—8 H8-3

Verbascum 'Letitia'

Evergreen, stiff-branched shrub with
toothed, gray leaves. Bears outward¬
facing, 5-lobed, bright yellow flowers
with orange centers continuously
from late spring to mid-fall. Hates
winter wet; is good in an alpine house.
H and S to lOin (25cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

343

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

SUMMER

YELLOW

Linum arboreum

Evergreen, compact shrub with
blue-green leaves. In summer has
a succession of funnel-shaped, bright
yellow flowers opening in sunny
weather and borne in terminal clusters.
H to 12in (30cm), S 12in (30cm).

Corydalis lutea

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with fleshy, fibrous roots, semierect,
basal, gray-green leaves. Bears racemes
of slender, yellow flowers, with short
spurs, in late spring and summer.

H and S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-4

Euryops acraeus

Evergreen, dome-shaped shrub with
stems clothed in toothed, silvery-blue
leaves. Bears solitary daisylike, bright
yellow flower heads in late spring and
early summer. H and S 12in (30cm).

Chrysogonum virginianum

Mat-forming perennial with daisylike,
yellow flower heads borne on short
stems in summer-fall and oval, toothed,
mid-green leaves. Although plant
spreads by underground runners,
it is not invasive. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm) or more.

6 Z6-9 H9-6

6 Z8-ii Hii-9

A Z5—9 H9-2

Helianthemum 'Wisley Primrose'

Fast-growing, evergreen, compact
shrub with saucer-shaped, soft pale
yellow flowers in summer. Has oblong,
gray-green leaves. H 9in (23cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more.

Othonna cheirifolia

Evergreen shrub with narrow,
somewhat fleshy, gray leaves. In early
summer bears daisylike, yellow flower
heads singly on upright stems. Needs
a warm, sheltered site. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

344 ...

I --Q:- (J Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Eriogonum umbellatum

Evergreen, prostrate to upright
perennial with mats of green leaves,
white and woolly beneath. In summer
carries heads of tiny, yellow flowers
that later turn copper. Dwarf forms
are available. H 3-12in (8-30cm),

S 6-12in (15-30cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Verbascum dumulosum

Evergreen, mat-forming, shrubby
perennial with hairy, gray or gray-green
leaves. In late spring and early summer
bears a succession of 5-lobed, bright
yellow flowers in short racemes. Dislikes
winter wet. H 6in (15cm) or more,

S 9-12in (23-30cm) or more.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Ranunculus gramineus

Erect, slender perennial with grasslike,
blue-green leaves. Bears several cup¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers in late
spring and early summer. Prefers
rich soil. Seedlings will vary in height
and flower size. H 16-20in (40-50cm),

S 3-4in (8-1 Ocm).

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Sedum rupestre (Reflexed stonecrop)

Evergreen perennial with loose mats
of rooting stems bearing narrow,
fleshy leaves. Carries flat, terminal
heads of tiny, bright yellow flowers
in summer. Makes good groundcover.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S indefinite.

0 6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Genista lydia

Deciduous, domed shrub with slender,
arching branches and blue-green leaves.

Massed terminal clusters of pealike,
bright yellow flowers appear in late
spring and early summer. Will trail
over a large rock or wall. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 24in (60cm) or more.

0 6 Z6-9 H9-3

Ononis natrix

(Large yellow restharrow)

Deciduous, compact, erect shrub
with pealike, red-streaked, yellow
flowers in pendent clusters in summer.
Hairy leaves are divided into 3 leaflets.
H and S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z7-9 H9-6

ORANGE

Diascia 'Salmon Supreme'

Mat-forming perennial with heart-
shaped leaves. Dense spikes of pretty,
pale-apricot flowers with very small,
deeply concave "windows" are
produced over a long period, from
summer through to fall. H 6in (15cm),
S to 20in (50cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Helianthemum 'Ben More'

Evergreen, spreading, twiggy shrub
that bears a succession of saucer¬
shaped, reddish-orange flowers in
loose, terminal clusters in late spring
and summer. Has small, glossy,
dark green leaves. H 9-12in (23-30cm),
S 12in (30cm).

0 6Z6-8 H8-6

Crepis aurea

Clump-forming perennial with a basal
cluster of oblong, light green leaves.
In summer produces dandelion-like,
orange flower heads, singly, on stems
covered with black and white hairs.

H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7A

345

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

LARGE

FALL

WINTER

PINK

Sorbus reducta

Deciduous shrub forming a low
thicket of upright branches. Small,
gray-green leaves, divided into leaflets,
turn bronze-red in late fall. In early
summer bears loose clusters of flat,
white flowers, followed by pink berries.
H and S to 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-4

Silene schafta

Spreading perennial with tufts of
narrow, oval leaves. Bears sprays
of 5-petaled, rose-magenta flowers
from late summer to late fall.

H lOin (25cm), S 12in (30cm).

346 ...

-:0; 6 Z4-8 H9-3

BLUE

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides

Bushy perennial that bears small,
terminal clusters of single, brilliant
blue flowers on reddish, branched
stems in late summer and fall.

Oval leaves turn rich red in fall.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-4

Centiana septemfida

Evergreen perennial with many upright,
then arching stems clothed with oval
leaves. Bears heads of trumpet-shaped,
mid-blue flowers in summer-fall.

Likes rich soil but tolerates reasonably
drained, heavy clay. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 £) Z6-8 H8-6

WHITE

Caultheria cuneata

Evergreen, compact shrub with stiff
stems clothed in leathery, oval leaves.
In summer bears nodding, urn¬
shaped, white flowers, in leaf axils,
followed by white berries in fall.

H and S 12in (30cm).

0 A S ® Z4-7 H7-1

Ranunculus calandrinioides

Clump-forming perennial that loses
its long, oval, blue-green leaves in
summer; in a reasonable winter will
bear a succession of cup-shaped,
pink-flushed, white flowers for many
weeks. Needs very sharp drainage.

H and S to 8in (20cm).

0 6 ® Z7-8 H8-7

Leucopogon colensoi

Evergreen, low-growing shrub with
stiff stems clothed in tiny, gray-green
leaves. Bears clusters of small, tubular,
white flowers in spring at the ends of
new growth. Red or white berries in
late summer are rare in cultivation.

H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Z8-9 H9-8

SILVER

Tanacetum argenteum

Mat-forming perennial, usually
evergreen, grown for its finely cut,
bright silver leaves. Has a profusion of
small, daisylike, white flower heads in
summer. H in flower 6-9in (15-23cm),

S 8in (20cm).

0 6 ® Z5-7 H7-5

Celmisia semicordata

Evergreen perennial with swordlike,
silver leaves in large clumps and,
in summer, daisylike, white flower
heads borne singly on hairy stems.

H and S 12in (30cm).

0 4 SiJ Z8-9 H9-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SMALL

Tanacetum densum subsp. amani

Clump-forming perennial retaining
fernlike, hairy, gray leaves in winter
in mild climates. Bears daisylike,
yellow flower heads with woolly bracts
in summer. Dislikes winter wet. H and
S 8in (20cm).

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Hebe cupressoides 'Boughton Dome'

Slow-growing, evergreen, dome-shaped
shrub with scalelike, stem-clasping, dark
gray-green leaves. Has terminal clusters
of small, 4-lobed, blue-tinged, white
flowers in summer. H 12in (30cm),

S to 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Androsace vandellii

Evergreen, dense, cushion-forming
perennial with narrow, gray leaves and
a profusion of stemless, white flowers
in spring. Needs careful cultivation with
a deep collar of grit under the cushion.
H lin (2.5cm), S to 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Arabis alpina subsp.
caucasica 'Variegata'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with rosettes of oval, cream-splashed,
mid-green leaves. Bears bunches of
single, sometimes pink-flushed, white
flowers from early spring to summer.
H and S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

GREEN

WHITE

Ozothamnus coralloides

Evergreen, upright shrub with gray
stems clothed in neat, dark green leaves,
marked silver. Occasionally bears fluffy,
yellow flower heads. Suits a cold frame
or an alpine house. Hates winter wet.

H 6-9in (15-23cm), S 6in (15cm).

Ozothamnus selago

Evergreen, upright shrub with
stiff stems covered in scalelike leaves.
Intermittently bears fluffy, creamy-white
flower heads. Makes a good foil for
spring bulbs. H and S 6-9in (15-23cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Salix x boydii

Very slow-growing, deciduous, upright
shrub forming a gnarled, branched
bush. Has oval, rough-textured leaves;
catkins are rarely produced. Will tolerate
light shade. H to 6-9in (15-23cm),

S to 12in (30cm).

0 A Z4—7 H7-1

Ballota pseudodictamnus

Evergreen, mound-forming subshrub
with rounded, gray-green leaves and
stems covered with woolly, white hairs.
In summer bears whorls of small, pink
flowers with conspicuous, enlarged,
pale green calyces. H 2ft (60cm),

S 36in (90cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Arenaria balearica

Prostrate perennial that is evergreen
in all but the most severe winters. Will
form a green film over a wet, porous
rock face. Minute, white flowers stud
mats of foliage in late spring and
early summer. H less than Vzm (1cm),

S indefinite.

0 A Z4—7 H7-1

347

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

Saxifraga scardica

Slow-growing, evergreen perennial with
hard cushions composed of blue-green
rosettes of leaves. In spring bears small
clusters of upward-facing, cup-shaped,
white flowers. Does best in an alpine
house or sheltered scree. H lin (2.5cm),

S 3in (8cm).

6 Z7-8 H8-7

Saxifraga burseriana

Slow-growing, evergreen perennial
with hard cushions of spiky, gray-green
leaves. In spring bears open cup-shaped,
white flowers on short stems. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S to 4in (10cm).

6 Z6-8 H8-6

Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot)

Rhizomatous perennial with fleshy,
underground stems that exude red sap
when cut. In spring bears white flowers,
sometimes pink-flushed or slate-blue
on reverses, as blue-gray leaves unfurl.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-1

Maianthemum bifolium

Spreading, rhizomatous perennial with
pairs of large, oval, glossy, dark green
leaves arising direct from rhizomes.
Stems produce a raceme of 4-petaled,
white flowers in early summer, followed
by small, spherical, red fruits. May be
invasive. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.

A Ej! Z4—5 H5-1

A 75-7 H7-5

Dicentra cucullaria
(Dutchman's breeches)

Compact perennial with fernlike foliage
and arching stems each bearing a few
small, yellow-tipped, white flowers,
like tiny, inflated trousers, in spring.
Lies dormant in summer. H 6in (15cm),
S to 12in (30cm).

6 ® Z4-8 H8-i

Arenaria tetraquetra

Evergreen perennial that forms a
gray-green cushion of small leaves.
Stemless, star-shaped, white flowers
appear in late spring. Is well-suited
for a trough or an alpine house.

H lin (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.

0 6 Z3-5 H5-1

Weldenia Candida

Perennial with rosettes of strap-shaped,
wavy-margined leaves, growing from
tuberous roots. Bears a succession of
upright, cup-shaped, pure white flowers
in late spring and early summer. H and
S 3-6in (8-15cm).

348 ...

-:o:- 6 Z9—10 H10-9

Cardamine trifolia

Groundcover perennial with creeping
stems clothed in rounded, toothed,
3-parted leaves. In late spring and
early summer bears loose heads of
open cup-shaped, white flowers on bare
stems. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Pulsatilla vernalis

Tufted perennial with rosettes of feathery
leaves. Densely hairy, brown flower buds
appear in late winter and open in early
spring to somewhat nodding, open
cup-shaped, pearl-white flowers. Buds
dislike winter wet. H 2^1in (5-1 Ocm),

S 4in (10cm).

0 6 ® Z4-7 H7-1

Ranunculus alpestris

(Alpine buttercup)

Short-lived, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial that bears cup-shaped,
white flowers on erect stems from late
spring to mid-summer. Glossy, dark
green leaves are rounded and serrated.
H l-5in (2.5-12cm), S 4in (10cm).

(k ® Z5—8 H8-5

Androsace villosa

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
very hairy rosettes of tiny leaves. Bears
umbels of small, white flowers, with
yellow centers that turn red, in spring.
H lin (2.5cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Ranunculus ficaria var. albus

Mat-forming perennial bearing in early
spring cup-shaped, single, creamy-white
flowers with glossy petals. Leaves are
heart-shaped and dark green. Can
spread rapidly; is good for a wild
garden. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).

Corydalis popovii

Tuberous perennial with leaves divided
into 3-6 bluish-green leaflets. In spring
bears loose racemes of deep red-purple
and white flowers, each with a long spur.
Keep dry when dormant. H and S 4-6in
(10-15cm).

6 Z7-8 H8-7

Cassiope mertensiana

Evergreen, dwarf shrub with scalelike,
dark green leaves tightly pressed to
stems. In early spring carries bell¬
shaped, creamy-white flowers, with
green or red calyces, in leaf axils.

H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm).

Scoliopus bigelowii

Compact perennial with basal, veined
leaves, sometimes marked brown. In
early spring bears flowers with purple
inner petals and greenish-white outer
petals with deep purple lines. H 3-4in
(8-1 Ocm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Cypsophila cerastioides

Prostrate perennial with a profusion
of small, saucer-shaped, purple-veined,
white flowers borne in late spring and
early summer above mats of rounded,
velvety, mid-green foliage. H %in (2cm),
S to 4in (10cm) or more.

-£) ; - 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

# <k eU Z2-6 H6-1

-:§ ; - 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Cassiope lycopodioides

Evergreen, prostrate, mat-forming
shrub with slender stems densely set
with minute, scalelike, dark green leaves.
In spring, short, reddish stems carry
tiny, bell-shaped, white flowers, in red
calyces, singly in leaf axils. H 3in (8cm),

S 12in (30cm).

Leptinella atrata subsp. luteola

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
that in late spring and early summer
bears blackish-red flower heads with
creamy-yellow stamens. Leaves are
small, finely cut and dark green. Needs
adequate moisture; best in an alpine
house. H lin (2.5cm), S to lOin (25cm).

6 E5 Z7-8 H8-7

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Shortia galacifolia (Oconee bells)

Evergreen, clump-forming, dwarf
perennial with round, toothed,
leathery, glossy leaves. In late spring
bears cup- to trumpet-shaped, often
pink-flushed, white flowers with deeply
serrated petals. H to 6in (15cm), S 6-9in
(15-23cm).

6 E? Z6-9 H9-6

349

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

Cerastium tomentosum

(Snow-in-summer)

Very vigorous, groundcover perennial,
only suitable for a hot, dry bank, with
prostrate stems covered by tiny, gray
leaves. In late spring and summer bears
star-shaped, white flowers above foliage.
H 3in (8cm), S indefinite.

PINK

Anemonella thalictroides

Perennial with delicate, fernlike
leaves growing from a cluster of
small tubers. From spring to early
summer bears small, cup-shaped,
white or pink flowers, singly on finely
branched stems. Needs rich soil.

H 4in (10cm), S VMn (4cm) or more.

6 Z4-7 H7-1

Daphne jasminea

Evergreen, compact shrub. Bears
small, white flowers, pink-flushed
externally, in late spring and early
summer and again in fall. Brittle
stems are clothed in gray-green leaves.
Suits an alpine house or a dry wall.

H 3^1in (8-10cm), S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Androsace pyrenaica

Evergreen perennial with small rosettes
of tiny, hairy leaves, tightly packed to
form hard cushions. Minute, stemless,
single, white flowers appear in spring.

H lV^in (4cm), S to 4in (10cm).

350 ...

I --Q:- (J Z6-7 H7-6

0 A ® Z5—8 H8-5

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Anemone trullifolia

Creeping, fibrous-rooted perennial with
wedge-shaped, semi-erect, mid-green
basal leaves, each with 3 deeply toothed
lobes. Rounded flowers of 5 petals,
varying from rich blue to near white, are
borne in early summer and late summer.
H and S 8in (20cm).

Paraquilegia anemonoides

Tufted perennial with fernlike, blue-
green leaves. In spring, pale lavender-
blue buds open to pendent, cup-shaped,
almost white flowers borne singly
on arching stems. May be difficult to
establish. H and S 4—6in (10-15cm).

Trillium rivale

Perennial with oval leaves, divided
into 3 leaflets. In spring bears open
cup-shaped, white or pale pink flowers
with dark-spotted, heart-shaped petals,
singly on upright, later arching stems.
H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Saxifrcigci x irvingii 'Jenkinsiae'

Slow-growing perennial with very tight,
gray-green cushions of foliage. Carries a
profusion of open cup-shaped, lilac-pink
flowers on slender stems in early spring.
H 3-4in (8-10cm), S to 6in (15cm).

- 0 - C) Z6-7 H7-6

Androsace carnea

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
that has small rosettes of pointed leaves
with hairy margins. In spring, 2 or more
stems rise above each rosette, bearing
tiny, single, pink flowers. Suits a trough.
H and S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Arenaria purpurascens

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with sharp-pointed, glossy leaves,
above which rise many small clusters
of star-shaped, pale to deep purplish-
pink flowers in early spring. H V&in (1cm),
S to 6in (15cm).

Antennaria rosea

Semievergreen perennial forming
a spreading mat of tiny, oval, woolly
leaves. Bears fluffy, rose-pink flower
heads in small, terminal clusters in
late spring and early summer. Is good
as groundcover with small bulbs.

H lin (2.5cm), S to 16in (40cm).

£?:- 6 Z5—9 H9-4

Daphne petraea 'Grandiflora'

Slow-growing, evergreen, compact
shrub that bears terminal clusters
of fragrant, rich pink flowers in late
spring and tiny, glossy leaves. Suits an
alpine house, a sheltered, humus-rich
rock garden or a trough. H to 6in (15cm),
S to lOin (25cm).

Daphne arbuscula

Evergreen, prostrate shrub. In late
spring bears many very fragrant,
tubular, deep pink flowers in terminal
clusters. Narrow, leathery, dark green
leaves are crowded at the ends of
the branches. Likes rich soil. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 20in (50cm).

6 ® Z5—7 H7-5

Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp. minus

Evergreen, mat-forming subshrub with
tiny, oval, leathery leaves. In late spring
produces small, erect racemes of many
tiny, bell-shaped, deep pink or deep
pink-and-white flowers. H 2-3in (5-8cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

6 ® Z5-7 H7-3

6 Z2-6 H6-1

Epigaea gaultherioides

Evergreen, prostrate subshrub
with cup-shaped, shell-pink flowers
borne in terminal clusters in spring.
Hairy stems carry heart-shaped,
dark green leaves. Is difficult to
grow and propagate. H to 4in (10cm),
S to lOin (25cm) or more.

6 SS Z8-9 H9-8

Lewisici tweedyi

Evergreen, rosetted perennial with
large, fleshy leaves and stout, branched
stems that bear open cup-shaped,
many-petaled, white to pink flowers in
spring. Best grown in an alpine house.
H 6in (15cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm).

6 E5 Z4-7 H7-i

Claytonia megarhiza var. nivalis

Evergreen perennial with a rosette of
spoon-shaped, succulent leaves. Bears
small heads of tiny, deep pink flowers in
spring. Grows best in a deep pot of gritty
potting mix in an alpine house. H V 2 in
(lcm), S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Mazus reptans

Prostrate perennial that has tubular,
purple or purplish-pink flowers,
with protruding, white lips, spotted
red and yellow, borne singly on short
stems in spring. Narrow, toothed leaves
are in pairs along stem. H to 2in (5cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 A Z5-8 H8-5

351

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

PINK

Silene acaulis (Moss campion)

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
with minute, bright green leaves

studded with tiny, stemless, 5-petaled,
pink flowers in spring. May be difficult
to bring into flower; prefers a cool
climate. H to lin (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 Z3-5 H5-i

Thlaspi cepaeifolium
subsp. rotundifolium

Clump-forming perennial with dense
tufts of round leaves and small, open
cup-shaped, pale to deep purplish- or
lilac-pink flowers in spring. Needs cool
conditions. May be short-lived. H 2-3in
(5-8cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Oxalis acetosella
var. subpurpurascens

| Creeping, rhizomatous perennial
forming mats of 3-lobed leaves.
Cup-shaped, soft pink flowers,
each Vi in (1cm) across, with 5
darker-veined petals, are produced
in spring.H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

352 ...

X* 6 Z3-8 H8-1

Oxalis adenophylla

Mat-forming, fibrous-rooted, tuberous
perennial with gray-green leaves divided
into narrow, wavy lobes. In spring bears
rounded, purplish-pink flowers, each
l-ll^in (2.5-4cm) across, with darker
purple eyes. H to 2in (5cm), S 3-4in
(8-10cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Armeria juniperifolia

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
composed of loose rosettes of sharp-
pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves.

Pale pink flowers are borne in spherical
umbels in late spring and early summer.
H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 6in (15cm).

Erinus alpinus

Semievergreen, short-lived perennial
with rosettes of soft, mid-green leaves
covered, in late spring and summer,
with small, purple, pink or white flowers.
Self-seeds freely. H and S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H8-4

6 Z4-7 H7-1

Arabis alpina subsp. caucasica
Douler Angevine'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
bearing loose rosettes of obovate,
toothed, mid-green leaves with irregular,
creamy-yellow margins. In spring
produces fragrant, 4-petaled, bright
pink flowers. H 6in (15cm), S 20in (50cm).

Shortia soldanelloides

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
rounded, toothed leaves and small,
pendent, bell-shaped and fringed, deep
pink flowers in late spring. H 2-4in
(5-10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

# 6 SiJ Z6-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Anagallis tenella 'Studland'

Short-lived perennial that forms
prostrate mats of tiny, bright
green leaves studded in spring
with honey-scented, star-shaped,
bright pink flowers. H Vz in (1cm),
S 6in (15cm) or more.

Polygonatum hookeri

Slow-growing, dense, rhizomatous
perennial that bears loose spikes
of several small, bell-shaped, lilac-
pink flowers in late spring and early
summer. Leaves are tiny and lance¬
shaped. Suits a peat bed. H to 2in (5cm),
S to 12in (30cm).

6 ® Z6-9 H9-6

Aubrieta 'Joy 7

Vigorous, evergreen, trailing perennial
that forms mounds of soft green leaves.
In spring bears double, pale mauve-pink
flowers on short stems. H 4in (10cm),

S 8in (20cm).

Corydalis solida 'George Baker'

Tuberous perennial with fernlike, divided
leaves and dense racemes of spurred,
rich deep rose-red flowers in spring.

H to lOin (25cm), S to 8in (20cm).

& 6 Z5—7 H7-3

Saxifraga federici-augusti
subsp. grisebachii 'Wisley Variety'

Evergreen perennial with rosettes of
lime-encrusted leaves. Crosier-shaped
stems with pale pink to bright red hairs,
bear dense racemes of dark red flowers
in spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 A Z5—7 H7-5

6 Z5-7 H7-5

6 Z6-8 H8-6

Saxifraga oppositifolia
(Purple mountain saxifrage)

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
clusters of tiny, white-flecked leaves.
Has open cup-shaped, dark purple,
purplish-pink or, rarely, white flowers
in early spring. Likes an open position.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S 6in (15cm).

A Zl-7 H7-1

Androsace carnea subsp. laggeri

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
composed of small, tight rosettes of
pointed leaves. Cup-shaped, deep pink
flowers are borne in small clusters above
cushions in spring. H and S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Arabis blepharophylla
'Friihlingszauber'

Short-lived, evergreen, mat-forming
perennial bearing loose rosettes of
dark green leaves with gray margins.
Compact racemes of fragrant, 4-petaled,
dark purple-pink flowers are produced
in spring. H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Saxifraga sempervivum

Evergreen, hummock-forming

perennial with tight rosettes of tufted,
silvery-green leaves. Crosier-shaped
flower stems, covered in silvery hairs
and emerging from rosettes, bear
racemes of dark red flowers in early
spring. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z6—7 H7-6

353

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

PURPLE

Aubrieta deltoidea
'Argenteovariegata'

Evergreen, compact perennial, grown
for its trailing, green leaves which are
heavily splashed with creamy-white.
Produces pinkish-lavender flowers
in spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).

& 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Saxifrciga stribrnyi

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with small, lime-encrusted rosettes of
leaves. Crosier-shaped stems, covered in
pinkish-buff hairs, bear racemes of deep
maroon-red flowers above leaves in late
spring and early summer. H 3in (8cm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm).

Soldanella alpina (Alpine snowbell)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with tufts of leaves and short, bell¬
shaped, fringed, pinkish-lavender or
purplish-pink flowers in early spring.

Is difficult to flower well. H to 3in (8cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

Aubrieta 'Greencourt Purple'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with rosetted, mid-green leaves.
Produces masses of double, bright
purple flowers in spring. Is very good
on a dry wall. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Corydalis diphylla

Tuberous perennial with semi-erect,
basal leaves, divided into narrow
leaflets, and loose racemes of purple¬
lipped flowers with white spurs in
spring. Protect tubers from excess
moisture in summer. H 4-6in (10-15cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

Q Z6—7 H7-6

6 Z4—7 H7-1

6 Z5-8 H8-5

354

Aubrieta 'J.S. Baker'

Evergreen perennial with single,
reddish-purple flowers with a white
eye borne in spring above mounds of
small, soft green leaves. H 4in (10cm),
S 8in (20cm).

Polygala chamaebuxus
var. grandiflora

Evergreen, woody-based perennial with
terminal clusters of pealike, reddish-
purple and yellow flowers in late spring
and early summer. Leaves are small,
oval, leathery and dark green. H to 6in
(15cm), S to 12in (30cm).

Soldanella villosa

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with round, leathery, hairy-stalked
leaves and nodding, bell-shaped,
fringed, purplish-lavender flowers
borne on erect stems in early spring.
Dislikes winter wet. H 4in (10cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Viola calcarata

Clump-forming perennial, with
oval leaves, that bears flat, outward¬
facing, single, white, lavender or
purple flowers for a long period from
late spring to summer. Prefers rich soil.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S to 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-7 H7-5

Z6-9 H9-6

6 Z4-7 H7-1

A Z4-7 H7-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Viola tricolor (Heartsease, Wild pansy)

Short-lived perennial or annual
with neat, flat-faced flowers in
combinations of white, yellow and
shades of purple from spring to fall.
Self-seeds profusely. H 2-6in (5-15cm),

S 2-6in (5-15cm) or more.

Hepatica nobilis var. japonica

Slow-growing perennial with leathery,
lobed leaves, semievergreen in all
but very cold or arid climates. Bears
slightly cupped, lilac-mauve, pink or
white flowers in spring. H to 3in (8cm),
S to 5in (12cm).

Jeffersonia dubia

Tufted perennial with 2-lobed, blue-
green leaves, sometimes flushed pink
when unfolding. Bears cup-shaped,
pale lilac to purplish blue flowers
singly in spring. H 4—6in (10-15cm),

S to 9in (23cm).

Synthyris missurica var. stellata

Evergreen, mounded, rhizomatous
perennial that bears dense spikes of
small, violet-blue flowers in spring
above rounded, deeply toothed leaves.
Tolerates sun if soil remains moist.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 73-9 H12-1

Z5-8 H8-4

A Z5-8 H8-5

6 Z2-6 H6-1

Aubrieta 'Purple Charm'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
rosetted, mid-green leaves. Produces
masses of single, lavender-purple
flowers, with yellow eyes, in spring.

Is very good on a dry wall. H 4— 6in
(10-15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Viola pedata (Bird's-foot violet)

Clump-forming perennial with finely
divided foliage and yellow-centered, pale
violet, rarely white flowers borne singly
on slender stems in late spring and early
summer. Needs sharp drainage; grow in
an alpine house. H 3in (5cm), S 3in (8cm).

Viola riviniana Purpurea Group

Clump-forming perennial with tiny,
flat-faced, purple flowers in spring-
summer. Leaves are kidney-shaped
and dark purple-green. Is invasive but
suits a bank, woodland or wild garden.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S indefinite.

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Jancaea heldreichii

Perennial with rosettes of thick, hairy,
silver-green leaves, above which rise
slender stems bearing clusters of tiny,
lavender-blue flowers in late spring. Is
rare and difficult to grow and is best in
an alpine house. H and S to 3in (8cm).

6 Z5—7 H7-5

Viola 'Bowles's Black'

Clump-forming perennial with
flat-faced, very dark violet, almost
black, flowers, borne continuously
from spring to fall. Oval leaves
are sometimes lobed and toothed.
Is short-lived; treat as biennial.

H 2-6in (5-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

355

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

BLUE

GRAY

Myosotis alpestris
(Alpine forget-me-not)

Short-lived, clump-forming perennial
producing dense clusters of tiny, bright
blue flowers with creamy-yellow eyes in
late spring and early summer, just above
tufts of hairy leaves. Prefers gritty soil.

H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Anchusa cespitosa

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with rosettes of lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. In spring, stemless,
white-centered, blue flowers appear in
centers of rosettes. Old plants do not
flower well; take early summer cuttings.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S to 9in (23cm).

Centiana verna (Spring gentian)

Evergreen perennial, often short¬
lived, with small rosettes of oval,
dark green leaves. In early spring,
tubular, bright blue flowers with
white throats are held upright on
short stems. H and S to 2in (5cm).

Leucogenes grandiceps

Evergreen, dense, woody-based
perennial with neat rosettes of

downy, silver leaves. Yellow flower
heads, within woolly, white bracts,
are borne singly in spring or early
summer. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

356

Viola cornuta 'Minor'

Rhizomatous perennial with oval,
toothed leaves and flat-faced, rather
angular, spurred, lavender-blue,
occasionally white flowers in spring
and much of summer. H 3-4in (7-10cm),
S to 6in (15cm).

Mertensia maritima

Prostrate perennial with oval, fleshy.

bright silver-blue or silver-gray leaves.
Sturdy stems carry clusters of pendent,
funnel-shaped, sky-blue flowers in
spring. Is prone to slug damage. Needs
very sharp drainage. H 4-6in (10-15cm),
S 5in (12cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Salix apoda

Slow-growing, deciduous, prostrate
shrub. In early spring, male forms
bear fat, silky, silver catkins with
orange to pale yellow stamens and
bracts. Oval, leathery leaves are hairy
when young, becoming dark green later.
H to 6in (15cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-1

YELLOW

Mandragora officinarum

Rosetted, fleshy-rooted perennial with
coarse, wavy-edged leaves. Bears
funnel-shaped, yellowish- or purplish-
white flowers in spring, followed by
large, tomato-like, shiny yellow fruits.
H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Hacquetia epipactis

Clump-forming perennial spreading by
short rhizomes. In late winter and early
spring bears yellow or yellow-green
flower heads, encircled by apple-green
bracts, before rounded, 3-parted leaves
appear. H 2V2in (6cm), S 6-9in (15-23cm).

0 A Z5-7 H7-5

Saxifraga x boydii
'Hindhead Seedling'

Evergreen perennial that forms a hard
dome of small, tufted, spiny, blue-green
leaves. In spring bears upward-facing,
open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers,
2 or 3 to each short stem. H lin (2.5cm),
S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Euphorbia myrsinites

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
terminal clusters of bright yellow-
green flowers in spring. Woody stems
are clothed in small, pointed, fleshy,
gray leaves. Is good on a wall or ledge.
H 2-3in (5-8cm), S to 8in (20cm).

0 6 ® Z5—8 H8-5

Salix reticulata (Net-veined willow)

Deciduous, spreading, mat-forming

shrub. Carries plump, reddish-brown,
then yellow catkins on male plants
in spring and rounded, slightly
crinkled leaves. Likes cool, peaty soil.
H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.

0 (k Z2—6 H6-1

Saxifraga x apiculata
'Gregor Mendel'

Evergreen perennial with a tight cushion
of bright green foliage. Bears clusters
of open, cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers
in early spring. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 6in (15cm) or more.

Z6-8 H8-6

Saxifraga x elisabethae

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial,
composed of densely packed, tiny
rosettes of spiny leaves. In spring, tight
upward-facing, bright yellow flowers
are carried on tops of red-based stems.
H lin (2.5cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Ranunculus ficaria Flore Pleno Group

Mat-forming perennial with heart-
shaped, dark green leaves and, in
early spring, double, bright yellow
flowers with glossy petals. May spread
rapidly. Is good for a wild garden.

H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5—7 H7-5

6 ® Z4-8 H8-i

Draba rigida

Evergreen perennial with tight
hummocks of minute, dark green
leaves. Tiny clusters of bright yellow
flowers on fine stems cover hummocks
in spring. Suits a rough, scree garden
or alpine house. Dislikes winter wet.

H VMn (4cm), S 214m (6cm).

Draba longisiliqua

Semievergreen, cushion-forming
perennial composed of firm rosettes
of tiny, silver leaves. Bears sprays of
small, yellow flowers on long stalks
in spring. Needs plenty of water in
growth; is best grown in an alpine
house. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 Z4—6 H6-1

6 Z4-6 H6-1

357

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SPRING

YELLOW

Vitaliana primuliflora

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
a mat of rosetted, mid-green leaves
that are covered in spring with many
small clusters of stemless, tubular,
bright yellow flowers. H lin (2.5cm),
S 8in (20cm).

Morisia monanthos

Prostrate perennial with flat rosettes
of divided, leathery, dark green
leaves. Bears stemless, flat, bright
yellow flowers in late spring and early
summer. Needs very sharp drainage.

H lin (2.5cm), S to 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Trollius pumilus

Tufted perennial with leaves divided into
5 segments, each farther lobed. Carries
solitary cup-shaped, bright yellow
flowers in late spring and early summer.
H 6in (15cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.

Dionysia tapetodes

Evergreen, prostrate perennial
producing a tight mat of tiny, gray-
green leaves. Bears small, upward-
facing, yellow flowers in early spring.
H %in (1cm), S to 6in (15cm).

6 Z5—7 H7-5

Erysimum helveticum

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial with closely-packed tufts
of long, narrow leaves and many
fragrant, bright yellow flowers borne
in flat heads in late spring and early
summer. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

& 6 Z5-8 H8-5

-:§ ; - 6 Z4-6 H8-5

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Saxifraga sancta

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with tufts of bright green leaves. Bears
short racemes of upward-facing, open
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in
spring. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).

358 ...

** 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Draba mollissima

Semievergreen, cushion-forming
perennial with clusters of tiny, yellow
flowers on slender stems in spring.
Minute leaves form a soft green dome,
which should be packed beneath with
small stones. Grow in an alpine house.
H VMn (4cm), S 6in (15cm) or more.

0 6 Z4—6 H6-1

Dionysia aretioides

Evergreen perennial forming cushions
of soft, hairy, grayish-green leaves that
are covered in early spring by scented,
stemless, round, bright yellow flowers.
H 2^in (5-10cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

WHITE

Viola 'Jackanapes'

Clump-forming perennial with
oval, toothed leaves. Produces flat¬
faced flowers with reddish-brown,
upper petals and yellow, lower ones
throughout late spring and summer.
H 3-5in (8-12cm), S to 8in (20cm)
or more.

Silene alpestris

Perennial with branching stems and
narrow leaves. Bears small, rounded,
fringed, white, occasionally pink-flushed
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Self seeds freely. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 8in (20cm).

Haberlea rhodopensis 'Virginalis'

Evergreen perennial with small, arching

sprays of funnel-shaped, pure white
flowers borne in late spring and early
summer above neat rosettes of oval,
toothed, dark green leaves. H and S in
flower 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

0 6 75-7 H7-5

Phlox stolonifera 'Ariane'

Evergreen, low-growing perennial
with flowering sideshoots that bear
heads of open, saucer-shaped, white
blooms in early summer. Has oval, pale
green leaves. Cut back flowered shoots
by half after flowering. H to 6in (15cm),
S 12in (30cm).

Potentilla alba

Vigorous mat-forming perennial bearing
loose sprays of flat, single, white flowers
in summer. Leaves are divided into oval
leaflets and are silvery beneath. H 2-3in
(5-8cm), S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

0 6 S5 Z4-8 H8-1

0 6 Z5-8 H8-3

Viola aetolica

Clump-forming perennial bearing
flat-faced, yellow flowers singly on
upright stems in late spring and early
summer. Leaves are oval and mid-green.
H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 6in (15cm).

Ranunculus ficaria var. aurantiacus

Mat-forming perennial bearing in
early spring cup-shaped, single, orange
flowers with glossy petals. Leaves are
heart-shaped and mid-green. May
spread rapidly. Is good for a wild
garden. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z8—9 H9-8

0 A ® Z4-8 H8-1

Achillea clavennae

Semievergreen, carpeting perennial
that bears loose clusters of white flower
heads with gold centers from summer
to mid fall. Leaves are narrowly oval,
many-lobed and covered with fine, white
hairs. Dislikes winter wet. H 6in (15cm),

S 9in (23cm) or more.

Cyananthus lobatus f. albus

Prostrate perennial with branched
stems clothed in small, wedge-
shaped, dull green leaves. Bears
funnel-shaped, single, white flowers
with spreading lobes in late summer.
H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

0 6 Z6—7 H7-6

359

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

WHITE

Campanula carpatica
'Bressingham White'

Clump-forming perennial bearing open
cup-shaped, white flowers, singly on
unbranched stems, in summer. Has
abundant, rounded, bright green leaves.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Arenaria montana

Prostrate perennial that forms
loose mats of small, narrowly oval
leaves and bears large, round, white
flowers in summer. Suits a wall or rock
crevice. Must have adequate moisture.
H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm).

Cornus canadensis (Bunchberry)

Groundcover perennial with whorls
of oval leaves. In late spring and early
summer bears green, sometimes
purple-tinged flowers, within white
bracts, followed by red berries. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

Iberis saxatilis

Evergreen, dwarf subshrub that in
late spring and early summer produces
large heads of numerous small, white
flowers, which become tinged violet
with age. Glossy, dark leaves are linear
and cylindrical. Trim after flowering.

H 3-5in (8-12cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Celmisia ramulosa

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with
small, hairy, gray-green leaves. Daisylike,
white flower heads are borne singly on
short stems in late spring and early
summer. H and S 4in (10cm).

Ourisia caespitosa

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
creeping rootstocks and stems bearing
tiny, oval leaves and many outward¬
facing, open cup-shaped, white flowers
in late spring and early summer.

H lin (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm).

A Z5—7 H7-5

An a cy cl us pyrethrum var. depress us

Short-lived, prostrate perennial that has
white flower heads, with red reverses
to ray petals, in summer. Flowers close
in dull light. Stems are clothed in fine
leaves. Dislikes wet. H l-2in (2.5-5cm)
or more, S 4in (10cm).

6 Z3-5 H5-i

A E5 ® Z2-7 H7-1

0 A ES Z7-8 H8-7

6 Z3-8 H8-i

360

Lewisia rediviva [white form]
(Bitterroot)

Tufted, rosetted perennial with
clusters of fine, narrow leaves that are
summer-deciduous. Bears large, white
flowers that open in bright weather
in late spring and early summer.

H V 2 -lV 2 in (l-4cm), S to 2in (5cm).

Epilobium glabellum of gardens

Mat- or clump-forming, semievergreen
perennial with elliptic to ovate, finely
toothed, deep green leaves. Cup-shaped,
creamy-white to pink flowers are borne
on branching stems in summer.

H and S 8in (20cm).

Achillea x kellereri

Semievergreen perennial that bears
daisylike, white flower heads in loose
clusters in summer. Leaves are feathery
and gray-green. Is good for a wall or
bank. Dislikes winter wet and must
have perfect drainage. H 6in (15cm),

S 9in (23cm) or more.

0 6 py Z4-7 H7-1

6 Z5-8 H8-5

6 ® Z5—7 H7-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Nierembergia repens

Mat-forming perennial with upright,
open bell-shaped, yellow-centered,
white flowers, occasionally flushed pink
with age, borne for a long period in
summer. Leaves are small, oval and light
green. Is useful for cracks in paving.

H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.

Alstroemeria hookeri

Tuberous perennial with narrow leaves
and loose heads of widely flared, orange-
suffused, pink flowers in summer; upper
petals are spotted and blotched red and
yellow. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 18-24in
(45-60cm).

0 6 Z7-11 HU-7

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Petrocosmea kerrii

Evergreen perennial with compact
rosettes of oval, pointed, hairy, rich
green leaves. In summer bears
clusters of short, outward-facing,
tubular, open-mouthed white flowers.
Suits an alpine house. H to 3in (8cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm). Min. 36-41°F (2-5°C).

£> zio-ii Hii-9

Dryas octopetala

Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming
mats of oval, lobed, leathery, dark green
leaves on sturdy stems. In late spring
and early summer, cup-shaped, creamy-
white flowers are borne just above
foliage, followed by attractive, feathery
seeds. H 2V2in (6cm), S indefinite.

0 £> Z3—6 H6-1

Penstemon hirsutus var. pygmaeus

Short-lived, evergreen, compact
subshrub that bears tubular, lipped,
hairy, purple- or blue-flushed, white
flowers in summer. Has tightly packed,
dark green leaves and is suitable for
a trough. H and S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Carlina acaulis (Alpine thistle)

Clump-forming perennial that in
summer-fall bears large, stemless,

thistle-like, single, off-white or pale
brown flower heads, with papery
bracts, on rosettes of long, spiny-
margined, deeply-cut leaves. H 3-4in
(8-10cm), S 6-9in (15-23cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Petrorhagia saxifraga (Tunic flower)

Mat-forming perennial with tufts of
grasslike leaves. In summer bears a
profusion of small, pale pink flowers,
veined deeper pink, on slender stems.
Grows best on poor soil and self-seeds
easily. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

361

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

PINK

Cypsophila repens 'Dorothy Teacher'

Semievergreen, prostrate perennial.
Sprays of small, rounded, white flowers,
which age to deep pink, cover mats of
narrow, bluish-green leaves in summer,
trim stems after flowering. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Convolvulus althaeoides

Vigorous perennial with long, trailing
stems clothed in heart-shaped, cut,
mid-green leaves, overlaid silver. Bears
large, open trumpet-shaped pink flowers
in summer. May be invasive in a mild
climate. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

Rhodohypoxis 'Margaret Rose'

Perennial with a tuber-like rootstock
and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly
lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a
succession of upright, flattish, pale
pink flowers on slender stems in spring
and early summer. H 2^1in (5-10cm),

S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Erodium corsicum

Compact, clump-forming perennial that
has soft, gray-green leaves with wavy
margins. Bears flat-faced, pink flowers,
with darker veins, on stiff, slender stems
in late spring and summer. Is best in
an alpine house as it dislikes winter wet.
H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z4—7 H7-i

Saponaria x olivana

Compact perennial with a firm cushion
of narrow leaves. Flowering stems,
produced around edges of the cushion,
bear flat, single, pale pink flowers in
summer. Needs very sharp drainage.

H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-1

0 - 6 Z9-10 H10-9

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

362

Geranium sanguineum var. striatum

Hummock-forming, spreading perennial
that has cup-shaped, pink flowers, with
darker veins, borne singly in summer
above round, deeply divided, dark green
leaves. H 4— 6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more.

Ourisia microphylla

Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial,
with neat, scalelike, pale green leaves,
bearing a profusion of small, pink
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Is difficult to grow in an arid climate.

H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 6in (15cm).

Asperula suberosa

Clump-forming perennial with a
mound of loose stems bearing tiny,
hairy, gray leaves and, in early summer,
many tubular, pale pink flowers. Dislikes
winter wet but needs moist soil in
summer. Is best in an alpine house.

H 3in (8cm), S to 12in (30cm).

Aethionema 'Warley Rose'

Short-lived, evergreen or
semievergreen, compact subshrub
with tiny, linear, bluish-green leaves.
Bears racemes of small, pink flowers
on short stems in profusion in
spring-summer. H and S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

0 A Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Phlox adsurgens 'Wagon Wheel'

Evergreen, prostrate perennial forming

wide mats of woody stems, clothed
in oval leaves. Bears heads of wheel¬
shaped, pink flowers with narrow
petals in summer. Needs rich soil.

H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 55 Z4-8 H8-1

Linnaea borealis (Twinflower)

Evergreen, mat-forming, subshrubby
perennial with rooting stems bearing
small, oval leaves, above which in
summer rise threadlike stems bearing
pairs of small, fragrant, tubular, pale
pink and white flowers. H 3 Ain (2cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more.

Acantholimon glumaceum

Evergreen, cushion-forming perennial
with hard, spiny, dark green leaves
and short spikes of small, star-shaped,
pink flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm),
S 8in (20cm).

Androsace lanuginosa

Evergreen, trailing perennial with loose
stems, covered in silky hairs, carrying
deep green leaves and, in summer,
clusters of small, flat, lilac-pink or pale
pink flowers with dark pink or yellow
eyes. H VMn (4cm), S to 7in (18cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-3

Dianthus 'Little Jock'

Evergreen, compact, clump-forming
perennial with spiky, silvery-green
foliage. In summer produces strongly
fragrant, rounded, semidouble, pink
flowers, with darker eyes, above foliage.
H and S 4in (10cm).

0 A Z6-9 H9-6

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z5-9 H9-5

Geranium dalmaticum

Prostrate, spreading perennial with
outward-facing, almost flat, shell-pink
flowers borne in summer above divided,
dark green leaves. Will grow taller in
partial shade and is evergreen in all
but severest winters. H 3-4in (8-10cm)
or more, S 5-8in (12-20cm).

Erigeron karvinskianus

Spreading perennial with lax stems
bearing narrow, lance-shaped, hairy
leaves and, in summer-fall, daisylike
flower heads that open white, turn pink
and fade to purple. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S indefinite.

Dianthus pavonius

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
comparatively large, rounded, pale
to deep pink flowers, buff on reverses,
borne on short stems in summer above
low mats of spiky leaves. H 2in (5cm),

S 3in (8cm).

Dianthus gratianopolitanus

(Cheddar pink)

Evergreen perennial with loose
mats of narrow, gray-green leaves.

In summer, produces very fragrant,
flat, pale pink flowers on slender stems.
H to 6in (15cm), S to 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

0 6 S5 Z3-8 H8-1

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

363

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

PINK

Loiseleuria procumbens

(Alpine azalea, Trailing azalea)

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with small,
oval leaves, hairy and beige beneath.
Has terminal clusters of open funnel-
shaped, rose-pink to white flowers
in early summer. H to 3in (8cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Saponaria ocymoides

(Rock soapwort)

Perennial with compact or loose,
sprawling mats of hairy, oval leaves,
above which a profusion of tiny, flat,
pale pink to crimson flowers is carried
in summer. Is excellent on a dry bank.
H l-3in (2.5-8cm), S 16in (40cm).

Oxalis depressa

Tuberous perennial with 3-lobed leaves
and short-stemmed, widely funnel-
shaped, bright rose-pink flowers,

%in (2cm) across, in summer. Needs
a sheltered site or cool greenhouse.

H 2in (5cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

& 6 ?!J Z2-5 H5-1

& 6 Z4-8 H8-1

£>:- 6 Z7-10 H10-7

Dianthus 'Pike's Pink'

Evergreen, compact, cushion-forming
perennial, with spiky, gray-green
foliage, that bears fragrant, rounded,
double, pink flowers in summer.

H and S 4in (10cm).

Pterocephalus perennis

Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial
with crinkled, hairy leaves. Bears tight,
rounded heads of tubular, pinkish-
lavender flowers, singly on short stems
in summer, followed by feathery seed
heads. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).

Dianthus myrtinervius

Evergreen, spreading perennial
with numerous small, rounded, pink
flowers that appear in summer above
tiny, grasslike leaves. H 2in (5cm),

S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

& 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Aethionema armenum

Short-lived, evergreen or semievergreen,
dense subshrub with narrow, blue-green
leaves. Carries loose sprays of tiny, pale
to deep pink flowers in summer.

H and S 6in (15cm).

Saponaria caespitosa

Mat-forming perennial with small,
lance-shaped leaves. Tiny, flat, single,
pink to purple flowers are borne in small
heads in summer. Needs very sharp
drainage. H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).

Dianthus alpinus (Alpine pink)

Evergreen, compact perennial that bears
comparatively large, rounded, rose-pink
to crimson flowers, singly in summer,
above mats of narrow, dark green
foliage. Likes rich soil. H 2in (5cm),

S 3in (8cm).

Dianthus 'Annabelle'

Evergreen, compact, clump-forming
perennial with spiky, gray-green foliage.
In summer bears fragrant, rounded,
semidouble, cerise-pink flowers, singly
on slender stems. H and S 4in (10cm).

364 ...

I --Q:- (J Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

6 Z5-9 H8-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Phlox 'Camla'

Evergreen mound-forming perennial
with wiry, arching stems and fine leaves.
Has a profusion of open saucer-shaped,
rich pink flowers in early summer.

Trim after flowering. Needs rich soil.

H 5in (12cm), S 12in (30cm).

6 Z6-8 hs-6

Persicaria affinis 'Donald Lowndes'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial that
has sturdy, branching, spreading stems
clothed with pointed leaves. In summer
bears dense spikes of small, red flowers,
which become paler with age.H 3-6in
(8-15cm), S to 6in (15cm).

0 A ® Z3—8 H8-1

Lewisia rediviva [pink form]
(Bitterroot)

Tufted, rosetted perennial. Clusters of
narrow leaves are summer-deciduous.
Large, many-petaled, pink flowers
open on bright days in late spring and
early summer. Suits an alpine house.

H V6-lV6in (l^lcm), S to 2in (5cm).

0 6 eS Z4—7 H7-1

Phlox subulata 'Marjorie'

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with fine leaves and a profusion of flat,
star-shaped, bright rose-pink flowers
in early summer. Trim after flowering.
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).

Dianthus 'La Bourboule'

Evergreen perennial with small clumps
of tufted, spiky foliage. Bears a profusion
of strongly fragrant, small, single,
pink flowers in summer. H 2in (5cm),

S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

Phlox douglasii 'Crackerjack'

Evergreen, compact, mound-forming
perennial. Has a profusion of saucer¬
shaped, bright crimson or magenta
flowers in early summer. Leaves are
lance-shaped and mid-green. Cut
back after flowering. H to 3in (8cm),

S 8in (20cm).

Armeria maritima 'Vindictive'

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with grasslike, dark blue-green leaves,
above which rise stiff stems bearing
spherical heads of small, deep rose-pink
flowers for a long period in summer.

H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

6 Z5-7 H7-5

Rhodohypoxis 'Albrighton'

Perennial with tuber-like rootstock
and an erect, basal tuft of narrowly
lance-shaped, hairy leaves. Bears a
succession of erect, deep pink flowers
singly on slender stems in spring and
early summer. H 2^in (5-10cm),

S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-1

Dianthus deltoides 'Leuchtfunk'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial.
Many small, flat, upward-facing.

brilliant cerise flowers are borne singly
above tiny, oblong, pointed leaves.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z9—10 H10-9

0 6 Z3-10 H10-1

Thymus 'Bressingham'

Evergreen, mat-forming, aromatic
subshrub with creeping stems and
elliptic, white-hairy, mid-green leaves.
Bears numerous, small, 2-lipped,
purple-pink flowers, splashed dark
crimson, in summer. H VAin (3cm),

S 5in (12cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

365

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

PINK

Phlox bifida (Sand phlox)

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with lance-shaped leaves. Bears a
profusion of small heads of star-shaped,
lilac or white flowers with deeply cleft
petals in summer. Cut back stems by
half after flowering. H 4-6in (10-15cm),
S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Geranium cinereum 'Ballerina'

Spreading, rosetted perennial that bears
cup-shaped, purplish-pink flowers,
with deep purple veins, on lax stems
in late spring and summer. Basal
leaves are round, deeply divided
and soft. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-9 H9-6

Dianthus microlepis

Evergreen perennial with tiny tufts
of minute, fine, grasslike leaves,
above which rise numerous small,
rounded, pink flowers in early
summer. Is best suited to a trough.
H 2in (5cm),S 8in (20cm).

PURPLE

Thymus caespititius

Compact, cushion-forming, aromatic
subshrub with upright stems covered
in small, prominently veined, dark-green
leaves. In early summer, bears lilac or
mauve flowers in dense rounded heads.
H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm).

Androsace villosa var. jacquemontii

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with small rosettes of hairy, gray-green
leaves. Bears tiny, pinkish-purple flowers
on red stems in late spring and early
summer. Suits an alpine house.

H V 2 -l^in (l-4cm), S 8in (20cm).

Teucrium polium

Deciduous, dome-shaped subshrub
that has much-branched, woolly, white
or yellowish stems and leaves with
scalloped margins. Bears yellowish-
white or pinkish-purple flowers in flat
heads in summer. Requires very sharp
drainage. H and S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z8-9 H9-8

Phlox douglasii 'Boothman's Variety 7

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with lance-shaped leaves and masses
of pale lavender-blue flowers, with
violet-blue markings around eyes, in
early summer. Cut back after flowering.
H to 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Physoplexis comosa

Tufted perennial with deeply cut leaves
and round heads of bottle-shaped,
violet-blue, rarely white, flowers in
summer. Suits crevices but dislikes
winter wet. H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z4—9 H9-1 0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Geranium subcaulescens

Spreading perennial with round, deeply
divided, soft leaves. In summer bears
brilliant purple-magenta flowers, with
striking, black eyes and stamens, on lax
stems. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).

366 ...

I --Q:- (J Z5-9 H8-1

0 - 6 Z4—9 H9-3

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Aster alpinus

Clump-forming, spreading perennial
with lance-shaped, dark green leaves.
Bears daisylike, purplish-blue or pinkish-
purple flower heads, with yellow centers,
from mid- to late summer. H 6in (15cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Thymus 'Peter Davis'

Evergreen, aromatic, mound-forming
subshrub with fine, twiggy stems and
narrow leaves fringed with white hairs.
Bears dense heads of small, pinkish-
purple flowers with purple bracts in
summer. H 4-5in (10-12cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Phlox 'Emerald Cushion'

Evergreen perennial with emerald-
green mounds of fine leaves, studded
in late spring and early summer with
large, saucer-shaped, bright violet-
blue flowers. Trim after flowering.

H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).

Viola 'Nellie Britton'

Clump-forming perennial with small,
oval, toothed leaves and flat-faced,
lavender-pink flowers borne from
late spring to late summer. Soil should
not be too dry. H 3-6in (8-15cm),

S to 8in (20cm).

Edraianthus serpyllifolius

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
tight mats of tiny leaves and small,
bell-shaped, deep violet flowers,
borne on short stems in early summer.
Is uncommon and seldom sets seed in
gardens. H V&in (1cm), S to 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Campanula carpatica 'Jewel'

Low-growing, compact and clump¬
forming perennial with mid-green,
toothed leaves on branching stems.
Bright, purple-blue, upturned,
bell-shaped flowers are produced
over several months in summer.

H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 Z5-11 H7-1

6 Z4-7 H7-1

Campanula poscharskyana

Rampant, spreading perennial with
bell-shaped, violet flowers borne on
leafy stems in summer. Leaves are round
with serrated edges. Vigorous runners
make it suitable for a bank or a wild
garden. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S indefinite.

Clobularia meridionalis

Evergreen, dome-shaped subshrub.
In summer, globular, fluffy, lavender
to lavender-purple flower heads are
borne singly just above glossy leaves.
H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm).

0 6 73-8 H8-1

-£> ; - 6 Z3-9 H9-1

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

367

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

PURPLE

Viola 'Huntercombe Purple'

Perennial forming wide clumps of neat,
oval, toothed leaves. Has a profusion
of flat-faced, rich violet flowers from
spring to late summer. Divide clumps
every 3 years. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 6-12in (15-30cm) or more.

0 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Prunella grandiflora (Large self-heal)

Semievergreen, spreading, mat-forming
perennial with basal rosettes of leaves.

In mid-summer bears short spikes of
funnel-shaped, purple flowers in whorls.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm).

Campanula 'Birch Hybrid'

Vigorous, evergreen perennial with
tough, arching, prostrate stems and
ivy-shaped, bright green leaves.

Bears many open bell-shaped, deep
violet flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm),
S 12in (30cm) or more.

368 ...

I : Q A Z5-7 H8-5

0 6 Z4—7 H7-1

Campanula portenschlagiana

Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate perennial

with dense mats of small, ivy-shaped
leaves and large clusters of erect, open
bell-shaped, violet flowers in summer.
H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.

Campanula 'G.F. Wilson'

Neat, mound-forming perennial with
large, upturned, bell-shaped, violet
flowers in summer. Has rounded, pale
yellow-green leaves. H 3-4in (8-10cm),
S 5-6in (12-15cm).

& 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Pinguicula grandiflora

Clump-forming perennial with a basal
rosette of sticky, oval, pale green leaves.
In summer bears spurred, open
funnel-shaped, violet-blue to purple
flowers singly on upright, slender
stems. H 5-6in (12-15cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 4 Z3-5 H5-3

6 Z4—7 H7-i

Aquilegia jonesii

Compact perennial that bears short-
spurred, violet-blue flowers in summer,
a few to each slender stem. Has small
rosettes of finely divided, blue-gray
or gray-green leaves. Is uncommon,
suitable for an alpine house only.

H lin (2.5cm), S to 2in (5cm).

6 ® Z4-8 H8-i

Edraianthus pumilio

Short-lived perennial with low tufts of
fine, grasslike leaves. In early summer,
upturned, bell-shaped, pale to deep
lavender flowers, on very short stems,
appear amid foliage. H lin (2.5cm),

S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BLUE

Cyananthus microphyllus

Mat-forming perennial with very fine,
red stems clothed in tiny leaves. Bears
funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers at
the end of each stem in late summer.
Likes rich soil. H %in (2cm), S 8in (20cm).

Ramonda myconi

Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
with hairy, crinkled leaves and, in late
spring and early summer, flat, blue-
mauve, pink or white flowers, borne
on branched stems. H 3in (8cm),

S to 4in (10cm).

Campanula cochleariifolia

(Fairy thimbles)

Spreading perennial. Runners produce
mats of rosetted, tiny, round leaves.
Bears small clusters of white, lavender
or pale blue flowers in summer on many
thin stems above foliage. H 3in (8cm),

S indefinite.

6 Z5—7 H7-5

Townsendia grandiflora

Short-lived, evergreen perennial with
basal rosettes of small, spoon-shaped
leaves. Upright stems carry solitary
daisylike, violet or violet-blue flower
heads in late spring and early summer.
H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).

£>:- A z4— 7 H7-i

Polygala calcarea 'Lillet'

Evergreen, prostrate, very compact
perennial with rosettes of small,
narrowly oval leaves and loose heads
of bright blue flowers in spring and
early summer. Likes rich soil. Suits
a trough. H lin (2.5cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

Hedyotis michauxii (Creeping bluets)

Vigorous perennial with rooting stems.
Produces mats of mid-green foliage

studded with star-shaped, violet-blue
flowers in late spring and early summer.
H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm).

# A Z5-7 H7-5

Sisyrinchium idahoense

Semievergreen, upright, clump-forming
perennial that for a long period in
summer and early fall has many
flowering stems carrying tiny tufts
of iris-like, blue to violet-blue flowers.
Foliage is grasslike. Self seeds readily.

H to 5in (12cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Globularia cordifolia

Evergreen, mat-forming, dwarf shrub
with creeping, woody stems clothed in
tiny, oval leaves. Bears stemless, round,
fluffy, blue to pale lavender-blue flower
heads in summer. H l-2in (2.5-5cm),

S to 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-1

Pratia pedunculata

Vigorous, evergreen, creeping perennial
with small leaves and a profusion
of star-shaped, pale to mid-blue or
occasionally purplish-blue flowers borne
in summer. Makes good groundcover
in a moist site. H VMn (1cm), S indefinite.

6 Z5—7 H7-5

Trachelium asperuloides

Mat-forming perennial with threadlike
stems clothed in minute, mid-green
leaves, above which rise many tiny,
upright, tubular, pale blue flowers in
summer. Do not remove old stems
in winter. H 3in (8cm), S to 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z3-8 H8-1

6 Z5-7 H7-5

&: 6 Z8—13 H12-6

369

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

GENTIANS

Although there are gentians large enough to hold their own
in the herbaceous border, most are low-growing, deciduous or
evergreen perennials, best suited to rock gardens, where they
can form spreading mats. Flowering between spring and fall,
they are renowned for their vivid blue trumpet-shaped flowers,
which are produced in pale shades, such as G. 'Strathmore', to
intensely dark, such as G. acaulis, although there are also white-
and yellow-flowered forms. All require a cool position, sheltered
from hot summer sun. Most need light, rich, moist but well-
drained neutral soil; fall-flowering species and cultivars, such
as G. sino-ornata, require acidic conditions to thrive. Protect
from slugs and snails, particularly in spring.

G. 'Ettrick'

G. 'Strathmore'

G. 'Soutra'

G. 'Eugen's Allerbester'

G. 'Blue Silk'

G. 'Shot Silk'

G. x macaulayi 'Wells's Variety'

G. 'Inverleith'

G. acaulis

C. sino-ornata

SMALL

SUMMER

Eritrichium nanum

Clump-forming perennial with tufts
of hairy, gray-green leaves. Bears small,
stemless, flat, pale blue flowers in late
spring and early summer. Requires
sharp drainage. Is only suitable for an
alpine house. H 3 Ain (2cm), S lin (2.5cm).

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

Parochetus communis

(Shamrock pea)

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
clover-like leaves and pealike, brilliant
blue flowers that are borne almost
continuously. Grows best in an alpine
house. H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S indefinite.

Z8—11 HI 1-8

Polygala calcarea

Evergreen, prostrate, occasionally
upright, perennial. Has small, narrowly
oval leaves and pale to dark blue
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Likes rich soil. Suits a trough. May
be difficult to establish. H lin (2.5cm),

S to 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

GREEN

YELLOW

Polygala chamaebuxus

Evergreen, woody-based perennial
with tiny, hard, dark green leaves.

In late spring and early summer
bears many racemes of small, pealike,
white-and-yellow flowers, sometimes
marked brown. Needs rich soil.

H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm).

6 Z6-9 H9-6

Mite I la breweri

Neat, clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial with slender, hairy stems
bearing small, pendent, tubular,
greenish-white flowers, with flared
mouths, in summer. Has lobed,
kidney-shaped, basal leaves.

H and S 6in (15cm).

A Z5—7 H7-5

Asarina procumbens

Semievergreen perennial with trailing
stems bearing soft, hairy leaves and
tubular, pale cream flowers, with
yellow palates, throughout summer.
Dislikes winter wet. Self-seeds freely.

H V 2 -lin (1-2.5cm), S 9-12in (23-30cm).

0 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Sedum acre (Biting stonecrop,
Common stonecrop)

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with dense, spreading shoots and tiny,
fleshy, pale green leaves. Bears flat,
terminal heads of tiny, yellow summer
flowers. Is invasive but easily controlled.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S indefinite.

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

Calceolaria tenella

Cunnera magellanica

Mat-forming perennial, grown for its
rounded, toothed leaves, often bronze-
tinged when young, on short, creeping
stems. Small, green, unisexual flowers,
with reddish-bracts, are borne on male
and female plants. Likes peaty soil.

H lin (2.5cm), S to 12in (30cm).

(k Z8—9 H9-8

Sedum acre 'Aureum'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with spreading shoots, yellow-tipped
in spring and early summer, clothed
in tiny, fleshy, yellow leaves. Has flat
heads of tiny, yellow flowers in
summer. Is invasive but easy to control.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm ), S to 9in (23cm).

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate perennial
with creeping, reddish stems and oval,
mid-green leaves, above which rise
small spikes of pouch-shaped, red-
spotted, yellow flowers in summer.

H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.

Oxalis perdicaria

Clump-forming perennial with
woolly-coated tubers. Mid-green leaves
have up to 5 rounded lobes. Produces
racemes of widely funnel-shaped, bright
yellow flowers, Vfc-Hin (l-2cm) across,
in late summer and fall. H 2in (5cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 (k Z7-8 H6-1

&: 6 Z8-9 H9-8

371

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

SUMMER

Waldsteinia ternata

Semievergreen perennial with loose,
spreading mats of toothed, 3-parted
leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, yellow
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Is good on a bank. H 4in (10cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm).

6 Z3-8 H8-1

Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea'

(Golden creeping Jenny)

Prostrate perennial. Creeping, rooting
stems bear pairs of round, soft yellow
leaves, which later turn greenish-yellow
or green in dense shade. Has bright
yellow flowers in leaf axils in summer.

H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S indefinite.

Linum flavum 'Compactum'

Shrubby perennial with narrow leaves
and terminal clusters of many upward-
facing, open funnel-shaped, single,
bright yellow flowers in summer.
Provide a sunny, sheltered position
and protection from winter wet.

H and S 6in (15cm).

Potentilla aurea

Rounded perennial, with a woody base,
that in late summer bears loose sprays of
flat, single, yellow flowers with slightly
darker eyes. Leaves are divided into oval,
slightly silvered leaflets. H 4in (10cm),

S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Oenothera macrocarpa

Spreading perennial with sturdy stems
and oval leaves. Throughout summer
bears a succession of wide, bell-shaped,
yellow flowers, sometimes spotted red,
that open at sundown. H to 4in (10cm),

S to 16in (40cm) or more.

& 6 Z4—8 H8-1

0 6 Z5—7 H7-5

6 Z5-8 H8-3

Scutellaria orientalis

Rhizomatous perennial with hairy, gray,
rooting stems. Has terminal spikes of
tubular, yellow flowers, with brownish-
purple lips, in summer. Leaves are
toothed and oval. May be invasive
in a small space. H 2-4in (5-10cm),

S to 9in (23cm).

372 - A

-:0; 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Potentilla eriocarpa

Clump-forming perennial with tufts
of oval, dark green leaves divided
into leaflets. Flat, single, pale yellow
flowers are borne throughout summer
just above leaves. H 2-3in (5-8cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 £> Z6-8 H8-1

Cytisus ardoinoi

Deciduous, hummock-forming, dwarf
shrub with arching stems. In late spring
and early summer, pealike, bright yellow
flowers are produced in pairs in leaf
axils. Leaves are divided into 3 leaflets.

H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 ® Z6-8 H8-6

Calceolaria 'Walter Shrimpton'

Evergreen, mound-forming perennial
with glossy, dark green leaves. In
early summer bears short spikes of
many pouch-shaped, bronze-yellow
flowers, spotted rich brown, with white
bands across centers. H 4in (10cm),

S 9in (23cm).

A Z8—9 H6-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

Papaver fauriei

Short-lived, clump-forming perennial
with basal rosettes of finely cut, hairy,
soft gray leaves. Bears pendent, open
cup-shaped, pale yellow flowers in
summer. Dislikes winter wet. H and
S 2-4in (5-1 Ocm).

Hypericum empetrifolium
subsp. tortuosum

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with angled
branches and bright green leaves that
have curled margins. Bears flat heads of
small, bright yellow flowers in summer.
Needs winter protection. H %in (2cm),

S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z4-7 H7-1

Hippocrepis comosa
(Horseshoe vetch)

Vigorous perennial with prostrate,
rooting stems bearing open spikes
of pealike, yellow flowers in summer
and leaves divided into leaflets. Self
seeds freely and may spread rapidly.
H 2-3in (5-8cm), S indefinite.

Persicaria vacciniifoiia

Evergreen, perennial with woody, red
stems. Leaves are tinged red in fall.
Bears deep pink or rose-red flowers in
late summer and fall. H 4-6in (10-15cm),
S to 12in (30cm).

£>:- 6 Z5-7 H7-5

& 6 Z5-7 H7-5

A ® Z8-11 HI 1-3

Genista sagittalis

Deciduous, semi-prostrate shrub with
winged stems bearing a few oval, dark
green leaves. Pealike, yellow flowers
appear in dense, terminal clusters in
early summer, followed by hairy seed
pods. H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

Nertera granadensis (Bead plant)

Prostrate perennial with dense mats
of tiny, bright green leaves. In early
summer bears minute, greenish-white
flowers, then many shiny, orange or
red berries. Needs ample moisture in
summer. H to Vzm (1cm), S 4in (10cm).

£ H6-i

Gaultheria procumbens

Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with
prostrate stems carrying clusters of
oval, leathery leaves that turn red in
winter. In summer, solitary bell-shaped,
pink-flushed, white flowers appear in
leaf axils, followed by scarlet berries.

H 2-6in (5-15cm), S indefinite.

A eS ® Z3-8 H8-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

WINTER/ALL YEAR

RED

Sedum lydium

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
reddish stems and narrow, fleshy, often
red-flushed leaves. Bears flat-topped,
terminal clusters of tiny, white flowers
in summer. H 2in (5cm), S to 6in (15cm).

Acaena microphylla

Compact, mat-forming perennial,
usually evergreen, with leaves divided
into tiny leaflets, bronze-tinged when
young. Heads of small flowers with
spiny, dull red bracts are borne in
summer and develop into decorative
burs. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Jovibarba hirta

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with rosettes of hairy, mid-green leaves,
often suffused red, and terminal
clusters of star-shaped, pale yellow
flowers in summer. Dislikes winter
wet. H 3-6in (8-15cm), S 4in (10cm).

Sedum obtusatum

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
small, fat, succulent leaves that turn
bronze-red in summer. Loose, flat
sprays of tiny, bright yellow flowers
are borne in summer. Dislikes summer
wet. H 2in (5cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

& 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Sedum spathulifolium

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
rosettes of fleshy, green or silver leaves,
usually strongly suffused bronze-red,
and small clusters of tiny, yellow flowers
borne just above foliage in summer.
Tolerates shade. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

374 - A

I --Q:- (J Z5-8 H8-5

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

CRAY

Artemisia schmidtiana 'Nana'

Prostrate perennial with fernlike, silver
foliage. Has insignificant sprays of
daisylike, yellow flowers in summer. Is
suitable for a wall or bank. H 3in (8cm),
S 8in (20cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Raoulia hookeri var. albosericea

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with tiny
rosettes of silver leaves. Flower heads
appear briefly in summer as fragrant,
yellow fluff. Is best in poor, gritty humus
in an alpine house. Dislikes winter wet.
H to Vzm (1cm), S lOin (25cm).

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Acaena caesiiglauca

Vigorous, groundcover perennial,
usually evergreen. Has hairy, glaucous
blue leaves divided into leaflets. Heads
of small flowers with spiny, brownish-
green bracts, borne in summer, develop
into brownish-red burs. H 2in (5cm),

S 30in (75cm) or more.

££ 6 Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Paronychia kapela
subsp. serpyllifolia

Evergreen, very compact, mat-forming
perennial with minute, silver leaves.
Inconspicuous flowers, borne in
summer, are surrounded by papery,
silver bracts. Is good for covering tufa.
H to Vzm (1cm), S 8in (20cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Sedum spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'

Evergreen perennial with rosettes of

fleshy leaves, frequently suffused purple.
Tiny, yellow flowers appear above foliage
in summer. Tolerates shade. H 2in (5cm),
S indefinite.

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

GREEN

Asarum europaeum

(European wild ginger)

Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate,
rhizomatous perennial with large,
kidney-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves
that hide tiny, brown flowers appearing
in spring. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Pachysandra terminalis

Evergreen, creeping perennial that
has smooth leaves clustered at the
ends of short stems. Bears spikes of
tiny, white flowers, sometimes flushed
purple, in early summer. Makes excellent
groundcover in a moist or dry site.

H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).

# 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Arabis procurrens 'Variegata'

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial with
small, oval, green leaves, splashed
with cream. Bears small, white flowers
in spring and early summer. May
revert to type, with plain green
leaves. H %in (2cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z3-7 H8-1

Trifolium repens 'Purpurascens'

Vigorous, semievergreen, groundcover
perennial, grown for its divided,
bronze-green foliage, variably edged
bright green. Produces heads of small,
pealike, white blooms in summer. Suits a
wild bank. H in flower 3-5in (8-12cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm) or more.

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 'Point Reyes'

Evergreen, prostrate shrub with long
shoots and glossy leaves. In late spring
and early summer bears terminal
clusters of urn-shaped, pale pink
to white flowers, followed by red
berries. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).

0 6 Z2-6 H6-1

Sempervivum ciliosum

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with rosettes of hairy, gray-green
leaves and, in summer, heads of small,
star-shaped, yellow flowers. Dislikes
winter wet; is best grown in an alpine
house. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z7-11 H12-7

375

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ROCK PLANTS

ROCK PLANTS

SMALL

WINTER/ALL YEAR

Raoulia australis

Evergreen, carpeting perennial forming
a hard mat of gray-green leaves. Bears
tiny, fluffy, sulfur-yellow flower heads in
summer. H to V£in (1cm), S lOin (25cm).

6 Z8-9 H9-8

Azorella trifurcata

Evergreen perennial forming tight, hard
cushions of tiny, leathery, oval leaves
in rosettes. Bears many small, stalkless
umbels of yellow flowers in summer.

H to 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

Raoulia haastii

Evergreen perennial forming low,
irregular hummocks of minute leaves
that are apple-green in spring, dark
green in fall and chocolate-brown in
winter. Occasionally has small, fluffy,
yellow flower heads in summer.

H to ^in (1cm), S lOin (25cm).

Sagina boydii

Evergreen perennial with hard cushions
of minute, stiff, bottle-green leaves in
small rosettes. Bears insignificant
flowers in summer. Is difficult and
slow-growing. H VMn (1cm),

S to 8in (20cm).

6 Z6—7 HI 1-1

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

& 6 Z5-7 H7-5

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Evergreen, low-growing shrub with
arching, intertwining stems clothed in
small, oval, bright green leaves. Bears
urn-shaped, pinkish-white flowers
in summer followed by scarlet berries.
H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).

Plantago nivalis

Evergreen perennial with neat rosettes
of thick, silver-haired, green leaves.
Bears spikes of insignificant, dull gray
flowers in summer. Dislikes winter wet.
H in leaf lin (2.5cm), S 2in (5cm).

Bolax gummifer

Very slow-growing, evergreen perennial
with neat rosettes of small, blue-
green leaves forming extremely hard
cushions. Insignificant, yellow flowers
are rarely produced. Grows well on
tufa. H lin (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm).

376

0 6 EU Z2-6 H6-1

6 Z6-7 H7-6

6 Z5—6 H6-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

Sedum kamtschaticum 'Variegatum'

Semievergreen, prostrate perennial
with fleshy, cream-edged leaves. Has
fleshy stems and leaf buds in winter
and loose, terminal clusters of orange-
flushed, yellow flowers in early fall.

H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 8in (20cm).

£>:- 6 ® Z3—8 H8-1

Saxifraga exarata subsp. moschata

'Cloth of Gold'

Evergreen hummock-forming
perennial with small, soft rosettes of
bright golden foliage; produces best
color in shade. Has star-shaped, white
flowers on slender stems in summer.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 6in (15cm).

(k Z5-7 H7-5

HOUSELEEKS

The main attraction of houseleeks ( Sempervivum ) is their
colorful rosettes of leaves. These range from bright yellow,
through various shades of green, gray, pink, purple, red,
and orange, to almost black. The leaves may be dull or glossy,
or covered with soft down or longer hairs. Leaf shape can
also vary from short and succulent to long and tapering. The
rosettes are most striking in the spring and summer, but even
in the winter, many varieties remain attractively colored. It is
the endless range of different leaf shapes, shades, and textures
that make this group so interesting to enthusiasts. They do not
like damp or shady conditions, but thrive in well-drained soil
in full sun. Houseleeks are ideal for pots or sink gardens on
a south-facing patio, or can be planted out in rock gardens
or in the crevices of stone walls.

S. calcareum

S. 'Blood Tip'

S. tectorum

S. arachnoideum

S. 'Kappa'

S. 'Gallivarda'

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

Bulbous plants are found throughout the world in habitats as
diverse as woodland and scrub, meadows, river banks, the edges
of streams, and rocky hills and mountains. There are bulbs to suit
every garden site and design, from the tiny Iris danfordiae for a
rock garden, to daffodils and tulips in beds and borders, and the
carpeting erythroniums or statuesque Cardiocrinum giganteum
for a woodland garden. Most have a distinct flowering season, yet
with careful planning it is possible to extend or enhance this
period of interest. Although most bloom in spring or early
summer, producing splashes of color before many shrubs
and perennials reach their peak, plant snowdrops for
late winter color, and colchicums, cyclamen, and some
crocuses to brighten a fall day.

BULBS

380

BULBS

Embracing a wide range of decorative plants, bulbs provide exciting
effects throughout the year, with large drifts of snowdrops in late winter,
daffodils and tulips in spring, the exquisite perfume of lilies and vibrant
dahlia colors in summer, and the spidery flowers of nerines in fall.

BULB DEFINITIONS

Bulbs are divided into smaller plant
categories, including true bulbs, corms,
and tubers. All of these swollen,
underground, food-storage organs help
the bulb to survive periods of drought.

Bulb

A true bulb is a storage organ made up of
stems and fleshy leaves inside. Examples
include daffodils, tulips, and eucomis (above).

Corm

Swollen stems that have adapted to store
food are known as corms. They appear solid
throughout, and include crocuses (above).

Tuber

Tuberous plants have swollen underground
roots or stems. Examples include cyclamen,
dahlias (above), and begonias.

What are bulbs?

The term "bulb" can be used to describe all
swollen, underground, food-storage organs,
and includes true bulbs as well as corms,
rhizomes, and tubers. True bulbs have fleshy
scales—modified leaves or leaf bases—that
overlap and are often enclosed in a papery
tunic, as in narcissi, or they may be naked
and loosely arranged like lily bulbs.

Corms are compressed and enlarged
stem bases, usually enclosed in a fibrous or
papery tunic, as in the crocus. Each corm
lasts one year, and is replaced by a new one
after flowering. Tubers, such as cyclamen,
are solid, underground sections of modified
stem or root and seldom possess scales or
tunics. Rhizomes are modified stems that
creep at or just below soil level, and may be
thin and wiry or swollen and fleshy.

A few bulbs are evergreen, but most
grow and bloom during a short season,
and then die back to below ground level.
Their leaves produce the food store for

BELOW Carpets of spring color

A selection of daffodils has been naturalized in the
grass beneath silver birches and spring-flowering
trees, creating a sea of nodding yellow flowers.

SIZE CATEGORIES USED WITHIN THIS GROUP

Large

Medium

Small

over 30in

9-30in

up to 9in

(75cm)

(23—75cm)

(23cm)

the following year, which is why the foliage
must not be cut down after flowering but
allowed to wither naturally.

When below ground, bulbs are described
as dormant, but they are, in fact, ripening
and developing the following year's flowers,
and must be planted in a suitable site to
thrive. Bulbs that originate from dry, hot
climates, such as nerines and watsonias,
need warm, dry conditions when dormant
to aid ripening and flower formation,
while those from woodlands or other
damp, shaded habitats, such as bluebells
(Hyacinthoides) and snowdrops ( Galanthus ),
require a cool, slightly moist spot.

Designing with bulbs

There are bulbs to suit all garden designs
and planting styles. They range in size from
the tiny Iris danfordiae and fall daffodil
(Sternbergia lutea), both suitable for a scree
or rock garden, to carpeting erythroniums
for the dappled shade of a woodland
garden, midrange alliums and tulips for a
hot, sunny border, and tall, slender regal
lilies that produce highly scented flowers
on stems up to 6ft (1.8m) in height. The

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

flower forms also lend themselves to certain
garden styles. Tulips with sculptural
cupped flowers planted en masse, and the
sharp flower shapes of many dahlias, are
ideal for formal schemes, while the looser
flower forms of nectaroscordums and
turkscap lilies, and arching spikes of
crocosmias create an informal look. Sod
spangled with crocuses or snake's-head
fritillaries ( Fritillaria meleagris) mimics
their wild habitat and provides early
color in naturalistic schemes.

Bulbs add seasonal color and interest
to mixed borders with annuals, shrubs, and
perennials. Daffodils ( Narcissus ), crown
imperials ( Fritillaria imperialis), alliums,
and dahlias all blend well with other types
of plantings. Unscented lilies make good
partners for scented roses, while exotic¬
looking cannas and alstroemerias add spice
to a tropical design. If you can't squeeze
bulbs into your border, many are perfectly
at home in containers and baskets.

Year-round interest

Choose carefully, and you can have a bulb
in flower for most of the year. The first to
appear in late winter are the snowdrops
(■Galanthus ] and winter aconites ( Eranthis ),
while early narcissus, muscari, crocuses,
scillas, chionodoxas, dwarf iris, and
Anemone blanda mark the onset of spring.

In mid-spring, fill your garden with
vibrant yellow daffodils and bright tulips,
or opt for the same plants in pastel shades—
the choice is vast for both genera. Summer-

NATURALIZING BULBS

You can create spectacular effects by
naturalizing bulbs in a lawn or under trees.
Choose robust plants, such as snowdrops,
daffodils, and crocuses, which are able
to compete with tree roots and grass. To
achieve a natural, random effect, toss the
bulbs in the air and plant them individually
where they fall. For each bulb, dig out a
small plug of sod and soil, two to three
times the depth of the bulb. After flowering,
when the leaves have died, mow the grass.

LAYERING BULBS IN CONTAINERS

Pots brimming with spring bulbs lift the spirits after a long winter, but you
need to plan ahead to create the most spectacular displays. In fall, look for
bulbs at garden centers or in mail-order catalogs, and check flowering times
for a synchronized display of tulips, daffodils, and grape hyacinths (Muscari).

A multicolored display

1 Plant in layers

In fall, place crocks at the
bottom of a large pot and add
a 2in (5cm) layer of gravel.

Then add a layer of good-quality
potting mix. Place the largest
bulbs—for example, daffodils—
on the surface and cover with
more potting mix so that the
tips are just visible.

of bulbs, such as tulips, between
the daffodil bulbs, and cover with

more potting mix. Finally, add
small bulbs, like grape hyacinths,
on this top layer, and cover with
potting mix. Press down lightly
with your hands, and leave the
pot in a sheltered sunny spot.

flowering bulbs, such as Galtonia
candicans, most alliums, the Peruvian
daffodil (Hymenocallis narcissiflora), and
ornithogalums offer colorful highlights.

These are followed in late summer by
gladioli, crinums, dahlias, and crocosmias,
which may continue to bloom into the fall
until the first frost. When the summer

spectacle is over, select fall-flowering
nerines, crocuses, colchicums, and
cyclamen, and to end the year, use
Cyclamen hederifolium, whose marbled
foliage often persists into winter.

For scented bulbs, choose hyacinths,
bluebells, and scented daffodils for spring,
and lilies and crinums for summer displays.

BULB PLANTING PLANNER

Type of bulb

Planting time

Planting depth

Preferred conditions

Agapanthus

spring

4in (10cm)

Full sun in moist but well-drained soil

Allium

fall

2—6in (5-15cm)

Full sun in moist but well-drained soil

Cokhicum

late summer

4in (10cm)

Full sun in well-drained soil

Crocus (spring)
Crocus (fall)

fall

late summer

3in (8cm)

3in (8cm)

Full sun in well-drained soil

Full sun in well-drained soil

Cyclamen

fall

4in (10cm)

Partial shade in well-drained soil

Galanthus

early fall

l-2in (2.5-5cm)

Full sun or partial shade in moist soil that
does not dry out in summer

Hyacinthus

fall

4in (10cm)

Full sun or partial shade in moist, well-drained soil

Lilium

fall

4—6in (10—15cm)

Full sun or partial shade; most prefer acidic to
neutral, well-drained soil.

Muscari

fall

2in (5cm)

Full sun in well-drained soil

Narcissus

fall

4-6in (10-15cm)

Sun or partial shade in any reasonable,
well-drained garden soil

Tulipa

late fall

3—6in (8-15cm)

Full sun in well-drained soil

381

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

LARGE

SPRING

WHITE

PURPLE

Ornithogalum magnum

Late spring-flowering bulb with linear.

gray-green basal leaves. Produces
upright, pyramid-shaped racemes
of small, star-shaped, white flowers,
with a green stripe on the reverse.

H 24-32in (60-80cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H10-5

382

Fritillaria verticillata

Spring-flowering bulb with slender
leaves in whorls up the stem, which
bears a loose spike of 1-15 bell-shaped,
white flowers, 3 /4-lV2in (2-4cm) long
and checkered green or brown.

H to 3ft (lm), S 3^1in (8-10cm).

Fritillaria persica 'Ivory Bells'

Robust, late spring-flowering bulb
with lance-shaped, glaucous, gray-
green leaves on sturdy, upright
stems. Produces a terminal raceme
of 10-30 pendent, bell-shaped, creamy-
white to greenish-white flowers.

H 30-39in (75-100cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Fritillaria persica

Spring-flowering bulb with narrow.

lance-shaped, gray-green leaves along
stem. Produces a spike of 10-20 or
more narrow, bell-shaped, blackish-
or brownish-purple flowers, %- 3 Ain
(1.5-2cm) long. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 4in (10cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

Allium aflatunense

Late spring-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.
Dense, spherical, terminal umbels
of small, star-shaped, lilac-purple
flowers are borne on sturdy stems.

Seed heads may be dried for decorative
use. H 32in (80cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

YELLOW

Fritillaria imperialis 'Lutea'

Spring-flowering bulb with whorls
of lance-shaped, shiny, light green
leaves and a head of up to 8 pendent,
bell-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
to 2in (6cm) long, crowned by a tuft
of small, leaflike bracts. H 3ft (lm),

S lOin (25cm).

0 6 15-9 H9-4

Fritillaria raddeana

Robust, spring-flowering bulb with
lance-shaped leaves in whorls on
lower half of stem. Has a head of up
to 20 widely conical, pale or greenish-
yellow flowers, 114-114in (3-4cm) long,
topped by a "crown" of small leaves.

H to 3ft (lm), S 6-9in (15-23cm).

0 6 Z6—9 H9-6

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SUMMER

Fritillaria imperialis (Crown imperial)

Spring-flowering bulb with glossy,
pale green leaves carried in whorls
on leafy stems. Has up to 5 widely
bell-shaped, orange flowers crowned
by small, leaflike bracts. H to 5ft (1.5cm),
S 9-12in (23-30cm).

6 Z5—9 H9-4

Fritillaria recurva (Scarlet fritillary)

Spring-flowering bulb with whorls
of narrow, lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves. Bears a spike of up to 10
narrow, yellow-checkered, orange
or red flowers with flared tips.

H to 30in (lm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 £> Z6—9 H9-6

WHITE

Crinum x powellii 'Album'

Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb,
with a long neck, producing a group of
semierect, strap-shaped leaves. Leafless
flower stems carry heads of fragrant,
widely funnel-shaped, white flowers.

H to 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 ® Z7-10 Hll-8

Camassia leichtlinii

Tuft-forming bulb with long,
narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each
leafless stem bears a dense spike of
6-petaled, star-shaped, bluish-violet
or white flowers, lV£-3in (4-8cm)
across, in summer. H 3—5ft (1-1.5m),
S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 A Z4-11 HI1-1

Crinum moorei

Summer-flowering bulb with a long
neck, up to 3ft (lm) tall, and strap¬
shaped, semierect, gray-green leaves
at neck top. Leafless flower stems bear
heads of long-tubed, funnel-shaped,
white to deep pink flowers. H 20-28in
(50-70cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 ® Z7-9 H12-7

Gladiolus murielae

Mid-summer-flowering corm with a
loose spike of up to 10 sweetly scented,
hooded, funnel-shaped, maroon-eyed,
white flowers. Has linear, pleated
leaves. Good for cutting. H 32in (80cm),
S 2in (5cm).

6 Z8—10 H10-8

Galtonia candicans

(Summer hyacinth)

Late summer- or fall-flowering
bulb with widely strap-shaped, fleshy,
semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Leafless stem has a spike of up to 30
pendent, short-tubed, white flowers.

H 3-4ft (1-1,2m), S 7-9in (18-23cm).

■0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

383

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

GLADIOLI

v

r n

Comprising about 180 species, with over 10,000 hybrids
and cultivars for garden cultivation, exhibiting, and cutting,
gladioli are prized for their showy spikes of usually open,
funnel-shaped flowers. Gladiolus hybrids are divided into
the Grandiflorus Group, with long, densely packed flower
spikes, categorized as miniature, small, medium-sized,
large, or giant, according to the width of the lowest flowers,
and the Primulinus and Nanus Groups, which have loose
spikes of small flowers. Plant gladioli in borders or pots
for late spring to early fall displays, and store corms in a
frost-free place over winter. In cold areas, grow them by
a sheltered, sunny wall; winter-flowering South African
gladioli require a cool greenhouse. For more information,
see the Plant Dictionary.

1A

Et k /

31

G. 'Her Majesty'

[Grandiflorus Group]

It > ■

* «

W *.

G. 'Purple Flora'

[Grandiflorus Group]

4

vlLUk

/ i

m

4 *

G. 'Columbine'

G. 'Velvet Eyes'

[Grandiflorus Group]

«ri

G. 'Blue Frost'

[Grandiflorus Group]

w

>

Ml

0.iS$

G. 'White Prosperity'

G. 'Impressive' [Nanus Group]

[Grandiflorus Group]

G. Nova Lux

[Grandiflorus Group]

G. Sancerre

[Grandiflorus Group]

G. 'Morning Gold'

G. 'Green Woodpecker'

G. 'Drama' [large]

' [Grandiflorus Group]

[medium]

1 /

■/

G. x colvillii 'The Bride'

[Nanus Group]

G. 'White Ice' [medium]

G. 'Wine and Roses'

[Grandiflorus Group]

H

*

tfj.

f

m

+2*

C. 'Nymph' [Nanus Group]

G. 'Oscar' [Grandiflorus Group] G. 'Stella' [Grandiflorus Group]

G. 'Peter Pears' [large]

LARGE

SUMMER

WHITE

Allium 'Mount Everest'

Late spring to early summer-flowering
bulb with sturdy stems bearing spherical
umbels, 5-6in (12-15cm) in diameter,
of tiny star-shaped, white flowers, with
green stamens. The basal strap-shaped,
semierect, leaves are grayish-green.

H 3%ft (1.1m), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Cardiocrinum giganteum

(Giant lily)

Sturdy, leafy-stemmed bulb. In summer
has long spikes of fragrant, slightly
pendent, cream flowers, 6in (15cm)
long, with purple-red streaks inside,
then brown seed pods. H to 10ft (3m),

S 2V2-3m (75cm-l.lm).

0 A Z7-9 H9-7

Nectaroscordum siculum
subsp. bulgaricum

Late spring- to early summer-flowering
bulb with pendent, bell-shaped, white
flowers, flushed purple-red and green.
In seed, stalks bend upward, holding
dry seed pods erect. H to 4ft (1.2m),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 Z6-io hio-i

Polio nth es tuberosa 'The Pearl'

Late summer-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. Sweetly scented, flared,
funnel-shaped, double, white flowers are
borne in pairs above long, lance-shaped,
upright, basal leaves. Keep tuber dry
when dormant. H 3ft (lm), S 6in (15cm).

0 6 Z7-11 HI1-7

Nomocharis pardanthina

Summer-flowering bulb with stems
bearing whorls of lance-shaped leaves
and up to 15 outward-facing, white
or pale pink flowers, each with purple
blotches and a dark purple eye.

H to 3ft (lm), S 5-6in (12-15cm).

0 A Z7-9 H9-7

PINK

Crinum x powellii

Late summer- or fall-flowering bulb
with a long neck producing a group
of strap-shaped, semierect leaves.
Leafless flower stems bear heads of
fragrant, widely funnel-shaped, pink
flowers. H to 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 6 ® Z7-10 Hll-8

Watsonia meriana

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
corm with sword-shaped, erect leaves
at base, with smaller, sheathlike leaves
on the stem. Produces a loose spike of
trumpet-shaped flowers, 2-2 1 /£in (5-6cm)
long, in bright pink to vivid orange or
red. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).

385

ICX- <J Z9—10 H10-9

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

LARGE

SUMMER

PINK

I

RED

Dierama pulcherrimum

Upright, summer-flowering corm
with long, narrow, straplike, evergreen
leaves, above which rise elegant,
arching, wiry stems bearing funnel-
shaped, deep pink flowers. Prefers deep,
rich soil. H to 5ft (1.5m), S to 24in (60cm).

Watson ia pillansii

Summer-flowering corm with long,
sword-shaped, erect leaves, some
basal and some on stem. Stem
carries a dense, branched spike of
tubular, orange-red flowers, each
2 1 /£-3in (6-8cm) long, with 6 short
lobes. H to 3ft (lm), S l-U/rft (30-45cm).

0 A Z8—10 H10-8

0 6 zii-i3 H 12-6

386

Notholirion campanulatum

Early summer-flowering bulb with
long, narrow leaves in a basal tuft.

Leafy stem bears a spike of 10-40
pendent, funnel-shaped flowers, each
lV2-2in (4-5cm) long, with green-tipped,
deep rose-purple petals. H to 3ft (lm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

Watsonia borbonica

Very robust, summer-flowering corm
with narrowly sword-shaped leaves
both at base and on stem. Produces
a loose, branched spike of rich pink
flowers, with 6 spreading, pointed,
rose-red lobes. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m),

S lV 2 -2ft (45-60cm).

0 6 Zll-13 H12-6

Scadoxus multiflorus
subsp. katherinae (Blood lily)

Very robust, clump-forming bulb
with lance-shaped, wavy-edged
leaves. Bears an umbel of up to 200
red flowers in summer. H to 4ft (1.2m),
S l-lVzft (30-45cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z14-15 H12-10

Dracunculus vulgaris

(Dragon's arum)

Spring- and summer-flowering tuber
with deeply divided leaves at apex of
thick, blotched stem. A blackish-maroon
spadix protrudes from a deep maroon
spathe, 14in (35cm) long. H to 3ft (lm),

S l%-2ft (45-60cm).

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Cloriosa superba Rothschildiana'

(Glory lily)

Deciduous, summer-flowering, tuberous,
tendril climber. Upper leaf axils each
bear a large flower that has 6 reflexed,
red petals with scalloped, yellow edges.

H to 6ft (2m), S l-iy 2 ft (30-45cm).

Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 6 ® Z8-10 HI 1-7

Dahlia 'Hillcrest Royal'

Medium-flowered cactus dahlia
producing rich purple flowers,
with incurving petals, held on
strong stems in summer-fall.

H 3y 2 ft (1.1m), S 24in (60cm).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ALSTROEMERIAS

Commonly known as the Peruvian lily, lily of the Incas,
or parrot lily, these South American tuberous perennials
are prized for their delicate funnel-shaped blooms in
yellow, orange, pink, red, white, or purple, with decorative
markings in contrasting colors. They also have an
exceptionally long flowering season, from mid-summer
to the first frost, and make excellent cut flowers. Most
suppliers offer plants, rather than tubers, which are best
planted in spring after the last frost in a sunny site and
free-draining soil, giving the roots time to establish
before winter. Young plants are vulnerable to cold, wet
conditions—protect them in winter with a thick mulch
of well-rotted compost or manure.

A. princess JULIETA ('Zaprijul') ® A. princess ariane ('Zapriari') ®

A. 'Polka' ®

A. 'Friendship' ®

A. 'Blushing Bride' ®

A. 'Serenade' ®

A. aurea 'Orange King' ®

A. inca ice ('Koice') ®

A. psittacina ®

A. inca tropic ('Kotrop') ®

w v A 9

^ « • UTi V

jLi 4

^ WK J r V

L j ® ^cLi'k

LILIES

Lilies (Lilium species and cultivarsl make elegant additions
to summer borders and containers. Their flamboyant flowers
range from nodding, upright, and trumpet-shaped forms, to
turkscaps with recurved petals. The blooms are often spotted
with a darker or contrasting color, or have conspicuous
stamens. Many lilies have a powerful, sweet fragrance, most
notably the Oriental and Longiflorum hybrids, although a
few species are unpleasantly scented. The hybrids thrive
in sun and well-drained soil, and are available in a dazzling
array of colors, from white, pink, and red, to shades of
yellow and orange. Lily species prefer partially-shaded sites;
some also require acidic soil. Leave plants undisturbed once
established, as the bulbs are easily damaged. For more
information, see the Plant Dictionary.

L. 'Casa Blanca'

L. martagon var. album L triumphator ('Zanlophator')

L. longiflorum

L. a urat urn var. platyphyllum L. regale

L. 'Altari'

L 'Tom Pouce'

L. 'Rosita'

L. 'Sumatra'

L. 'Cote d'Azur'

L. rubellum

L mackliniae

L. 'Sweet Lord'

L. 'Tiger Woods'

f. vSy

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i M* >A

l-

L rosthornii

L. pardalinum subsp. wigginsii

L. 'Rosemary North' L. superbum

L. medeoloides

L Conca d Or

L. 'Limelight'

L. Citronella Group

L. 'Boogie Woogie'

L. pyrenaicum

L. 'Bright Star'

L. leichtlinii

L. African Queen Group

L. hansonii

L pyrenaicum f. rubrum

L. 'Crimson Pixie'

L. bulbiferum var. croceum L. henryi

L. 'Grand Cru'

L. 'Orange Pixie'

L. tsingtauense

BULBS

LARGE

SUMMER

PURPLE

Dierama pendulum

(Angel’s fishing rod, wand flower)

Clump-forming, late summer-flowering
corm with arching, basal leaves. Bears
pendulous, loose racemes of bell¬
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers,
lin (2.5cm) long. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 6-8in (15-20cm).

A Z7-9 H9-7

Allium giganteum

Robust, summer-flowering bulb with

j long, wide, semierect, basal leaves.
Produces a sturdy stem with a dense,
spherical umbel, 5in (12cm) across, of
50 or more star-shaped, purple flowers.
H to 6ft (2m), S 12-14in (30-35cm).

Allium 'Globemaster'

Summer-flowering bulb with dense
spherical umbels, 6-8in (15-20cm)
across, of small, star-shaped, deep violet
flowers. Has strap-shaped, semierect,
glossy, gray-green, basal leaves.

H 32in (80cm), S 8in (20cm).

■-0 6 ® Z6—10 H9-5

0 6 Z6-10 H8-1

392

Allium 'Purple Sensation'

Early summer-flowering bulb with
long, strap-shaped, semierect, gray-
green, basal leaves. Produces spherical
umbels of 50 or more star-shaped,
rich purple flowers on sturdy stems
in early summer. Is good for cut
flowers. H 32in (80cm), S 3in (7cm).

Allium 'Gladiator'

Summer-flowering bulb with long,
strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green,
basal leaves. Produces large, densely
packed, spherical umbels of star-shaped,
lilac-purple flowers on sturdy stems in
summer. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8in (20cm).

6 Z4—9 H9-1

0 6 Z5-9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Allium atropurpureum

Summer-flowering bulb with compact,
domed umbels, 3in (8cm) wide, of small,
star-shaped, deep red-purple flowers
borne from early to mid-summer. Basal
leaves are strap-shaped, semierect and
gray-green. H 32in (80cm), S 4in (10cm).

6 Z4-7 H8-i

Dichelostemma congestum

Early summer-flowering bulb with
semierect, basal leaves dying
away when a dense head of funnel-
shaped, purple flowers, each 5 /s- 3 /4in
(1.5-2cm) long, appears. H to 3ft (lm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

6 Z6-10 H10-6

BLUE

Aristea capitata

Robust, evergreen, clump-forming
rhizome with sword-shaped, erect
leaves, to lin (2.5cm) across, and
dense spikes of purple-blue flowers
on short stalks in summer. H to 3ft (lm),
S lV 2 -2ft (45-60cm).

0 6 9-11 11-9

Neomarica caerulea

Summer-flowering rhizome with
sword-shaped, semierect leaves in
basal fans. Stems each bear a leaflike
bract and a succession of iris-like, blue
flowers, with white, yellow and brown
central marks. H to 3ft (lm), S 3-5ft
(1-1.5m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 (k hi i-io

GREEN

Arisaema consanguineum

Summer-flowering tuber with robust,
spotted stems and erect, umbrella-like
leaves with narrow leaflets. Produces
purplish-white- or white-striped, green
spathes, 6-8in (15-20cm) long, and
bright red berries. H to 3ft (lm),

S l-iy 2 ft (30-45cm).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-7

Caltonia viridiflora

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with widely strap-shaped, fleshy,
semi-erect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Leafless stem bears a spike of up to
30 pendent, short-tubed, funnel-shaped,
pale green flowers. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),

S 7-9in (18-23cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

YELLOW

Lilium Golden Splendor Group

Vigorous, variable Division 6a lilies.

In mid-summer, strong, sturdy stems
produce umbels of large, scented,
shallowly trumpet-shaped, almost
bowl-shaped flowers in shades of yellow
with dark burgundy-red bands outside.
H 4-6ft (1.2-2m), S 12in (30cm).

0 6 Z5-8 H8-1

Moraea huttonii

Summer-flowering corm with long,
narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Tough
stem bears a succession of iris-like,
yellow flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across,
with brown marks near the center.

H 2y 2 -3ft (75cm-lm), S 6-10in (15-25cm).

Zantedeschia elliottiana

(Golden calla)

Summer-flowering tuber with heart-
shaped, semierect, basal leaves with
transparent marks. Bears a 6in (15cm)
long, yellow spathe surrounding a
yellow spadix. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm),

S l&-2ft (45-60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

0 6 © Z8-10 H10-1

393

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

CAN NAS

Grown as much for their dramatic foliage as for their
flamboyant flowers, cannas are ideal for lush tropical
planting schemes, as an accent plant in a border, or as
a bold addition to container displays. Large paddle- or
broadly lance-shaped leaves are produced in a range of
colors, from green to dark maroon, and many are striped
or variegated, while the vibrant red, orange, or yellow
flowers bloom for many months from summer to early fall.
Plant these tender South American rhizomatic perennials
after the last frost in spring in fertile soil and full sun—they
require heat to flower well. In fall, cut down the stems and
leaves when frost blackens the foliage, and store the
rhizomes in a frost-free place over winter.

C. 'Striata'

C. 'Stuttgart'

C. 'Lucifer'

C. 'Ambassadour'

C x ehemanii

C. 'Brillant'

C 'Wyoming'

C 'Richard Wallace'

G 'Louis Cottin'

G 'Konigin Charlotte'

C. 'Durban'

LARGE

SUMMER FALL

Canna iridiflora

Very robust, spring- or summer¬
flowering, rhizomatous perennial
with broad, oblong leaves and spikes
of pendent, long-tubed, reddish-pink
or orange flowers, each 4-6in (10-15cm)
long, with reflexed petals. H 10ft (3m),

S iy 2 -2ft (45-60cm).

Littonia modesta

Deciduous, summer-flowering,
tuberous, scandent climber with
slender stems and lance-shaped leaves
with tendrils at apex. Leaf axils bear
bell-shaped, pendent, orange flowers,
114-2in (4-5cm) across. H 3-6ft (l-2m),
S 4-6in (10-15cm). Min. 61°F (16°C).

WHITE

Amaryllis belladonna 'Hathor'

Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy,
purple stem bearing fragrant, pure
white flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with
yellow throats. Strap-shaped, semi-
erect, basal leaves appear in late
winter or spring. H 20-32in (50-80cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

PINK

x Amarcrinum memoria-corsii

Evergreen, clump-forming bulb with
wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
stems carry fragrant, rose-pink flowers
in loose heads in late summer and fall.
H and S to 3ft (lm).

(k Z8-11 HU-1

0 6 HI 1-10

6 ® Z7-10 HI 1-7

0 6 Z13-15 H12-9

Zantedeschia 'Cameo'

Summer-flowering, tuberous perennial
with arrow-shaped, erect, white-spotted,
mid-green leaves. Produces long-lasting,
peach to salmon-orange spathes each
with a dark maroon eye. H 28in (70cm),

S 8in (20cm).

(k ® Z8-10 H10-1

Gladiolus papilio

Clump-forming, summer- or fall¬
flowering corm with stolons. Bears
up to 10 yellow or white flowers,
suffused violet, with hooded, upper
petals and darker yellow patches on
lower petals. H to 3ft (lm), S 6in (15cm).

x Amarygia parkeri

Early fall-flowering bulb. Sturdy stem
carries a large head of funnel-shaped,
deep rose flowers with yellow and
white throats. Produces strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves after flowering.
H to 3ft (lm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm).

6 Z8-io mo-8

0 6 Z9—11 H12-9

Dietes bicolor

Evergreen, tuft-forming, summer¬
flowering rhizome with tough, long and
narrow, erect, basal leaves. Branching
stems each bear a succession of flattish,
iris-like, pale to mid-yellow flowers;
each large petal has a brown patch.

H to 3ft (lm), S 1—2ft (30-60cm).

6 Z8—10 H10-8

Amaryllis belladonna

(Belladonna lily)

Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy, purple
stem bearing fragrant, funnel-shaped,
pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long. Forms
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
after flowering. H 20-32in (50-80cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

■0 6 © Z7-10 HU-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

DAHLIAS

The wide spectrum of dahlia hybrids offers a bold display of color and form
from summer to the first frosts of fall. Flower colors range from deep red,
crimson, purple, mauve, and vibrant pink, to white, apricot, orange, bronze,
and bright scarlet, while the blooms range from tiny 2-in (5-cm) pompons to
huge exhibition blooms more than lOin (25cm) across.

Dahlias flower prolifically—in the right conditions, a single plant may produce
up to 100 blooms. They make beautiful border plants, compact types are ideal
for containers, and all are good for cutting. In addition, no special skills are
required to grow them, but protect the tubers from frost. The flower types
below indicate the recognized groups.

Single —flowers usually
have 8-10 broad petals
surrounding an open,
central disk.

Ball —spherical, fully
double flowers, sometimes
slightly flattened on top,
with densely packed,
almost tubular, petals.

Anemone —fully double
flowers each with one or
more rings of flattened
ray petals surrounding
a dense group of shorter,
tubular petals, usually
longer than petals of
single dahlias.

Pompon —a miniature
form of ball flowers, but
more spherical in shape,
with fully double flowers
no more than 2in (5cm)
in diameter.

Collarette —single
flowers with 8-10 broad,
outer petals, and an inner
"collar" of smaller petals
surrounding an open,
central disk.

Cactus —fully double
flowers have narrow,
pointed petals that can be
straight or curl inward
and have recurved edges
for more than two-thirds
of their length.

Water-lily —fully double
flowers with large,
generally sparse ray
petals, which are flat or
with slightly incurved
or recurved margins,
giving the flower a
flat appearance.

Semi-cactus —fully
double flowers similar
to cactus types, but with
broader-based petals,
the edges of which are
generally recurved
toward their tips.

D. 'Eveline' [decorative]

D. 'Trelyn Kiwi' [semi-cactus] D. 'White Moonlight'

[semi-cactus]

D. 'Cafe au Lait' [decorative]

396

Decorative —fully double
flowers with no visible
central disk, and broad,
flat petals, sometimes
twisted, that incurve
slightly at their margins.

Miscellaneous —flowers
that fall into a wide range
of unclassified types,
including peony-like
(shown right), single,
and double forms.

D. 'Small World' [pompon]

D. 'B.J. Beauty’ [decorative]

D. 'White Alva's' [cactus]

D. 'White Klankstad' [cactus] D. 'White Ballet' [collerette]

D. 'Jura' [semi-cactus]

D. 'Brian's Dream' [decorative]

D. 'Lilac Marston' [decorative] D. 'Sorbet' [semi-cactus]

D. Tiptoe' [decorative]

D. 'Mermaid of Zennor' [single]

D. 'Gallery Art Nouveau' [decorative]

D. 'Wootton Cupid' [ball]

D. 'Cornel' [ball]

D. 'Arabian Night' [decorative]

wm |

D. 'Ruskin Charlotte'

[semi-cactus]

D. 'Ryecroft Gem' [decorative]

D. 'Berwick Wood' [decorative]

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D. 'Gerrie Hoek' [water-lily] D. 'Franz Kafka' [pompon] D. 'New Dimension' [cactus]

D. 'Karma Choc' [decorative] D. 'Bishop of Auckland' [single]

D. 'Preston Park' [single] D. 'Bishop of Llandaff'

[miscellaneous]

D. 'Chimborazo' [collerette] D. 'Akita' [miscellaneous]

D. 'Hamari Gold' [decorative]

D. 'Comet' [anemone]

D. 'Trengrove Millennium' D. 'Hexton Copper' [ball]
[decorative]

D. 'Onslow Renown'

[semi-cactus]

D. 'Yellow Hammer' [single] D. 'Wootton Impact' [semi-cactus]

D. happy single first love [single] D. 'So Dainty* [semi-cactus]

z. . >

t \ji

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flfr Ml

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f \ A ' JaHjl

D. 'Zorro' [decorative]

D. 'Black Narcissus'

D. 'Alva's Supreme' [decorative] D. 'Kenora Superb'

D. 'Biddenham Sunset'

D. 'Charlie Dimmock'

[semi-cactus.]

[semi-cactus]

[decorative]

[water-lily]

D. 'Hamari Accord'

D. 'Moonglow' [cactus]

D. 'Bishop of York' [single]

D. 'Ellen Huston'

D. 'Oosterbeck Remembered'

[semi-cactus]

[miscellaneous]

[semi-cactus]

MEDIUM

SPRING

WHITE

Ornithogalum nutans

Late spring-flowering bulb with 1-sided
racemes of semipendent, funnel-shaped,
silvery-white flowers, with a broad pale
green stripe down the center of each
petal. Strap-shaped, semierect, mid¬
green leaves each have a central, silver
stripe. H lOin (25cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-5

Allium neapolitanum

Spring-flowering bulb with narrow,
semierect leaves on the lower quarter
of flower stems. Stems each develop
an umbel, 2-4in (5-1 Ocm) across, of up
to 40 white flowers. H 8-20in (20-50cm),
S 4-5in (10-12cm).

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Erythronium californicum
'White Beauty'

Vigorous, clump-forming tuber with
basal, mottled leaves. In spring has
a loose spike of 1-10 reflexed, white
flowers, each with a brown ring near
the center. Spreads rapidly. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 4-5in (10-12cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Calochortus venustus

Late spring-flowering bulb with 1 or 2
narrow, erect leaves near the base of
the branched stem. Bears 1-4 white,
yellow, purple or red flowers, with a
dark red, yellow-margined blotch on
each large petal. H 8-24in (20-60cm),

S 2-4in (5-10cm).

Bellevalia romana

Late spring-flowering bulb with loose
conical racemes of bell-shaped, lightly
fragrant, white flowers, %in (8mm) long,
aging to purplish-brown. Strap-shaped,
basal leaves are erect and mid-green.

H 12in (30cm), S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z6-10 H10-6

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Pamianthe peruviana

Evergreen, spring-flowering bulb with
a stemlike neck and semierect leaves

with drooping tips. Stem has a head of
2-4 fragrant, white flowers, each with a
bell-shaped cup and 6 spreading petals.
H 20in (50cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Min. 54°F (12°C).

0 6 HI 1-8

Erythronium oregonum

Clump-forming, spring-flowering
tuber with 2 semierect, mottled, basal
leaves. Has up to 3 pendent, white
flowers, with yellow eyes and often
brown rings near center; petals reflex
as flowers open. Increases rapidly by
offsets. H to 14in (35cm), S 5in (12cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

399

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

400

TULIPS

Tulips are excellent in the rock garden, in formal bedding,
as elegant cut flowers, and for containers. Their bold flowers
are generally simple in outline and held upright, often with
bright, strong colors. Many of the species deserve to be
more widely grown alongside the large variety of hybrids
currently available. Tulipa is classified in 15 divisions, which
are described below.

Div. 1 Single early —cup-shaped, single flowers, often opening
wide in sun, are borne from early to mid-spring.

Div. 2 Double early —long-lasting, double flowers open wide in
early and mid-spring.

Div. 3 Triumph —sturdy stems bear rather conical, single flowers,
becoming more rounded, in mid- and late spring.

Div. 4 Darwin hybrids —large, single flowers are borne on strong
stems from mid- to late spring.

Div. 5 Single late —single flowers, usually with pointed petals,
are borne in late spring and very early summer.

Div. 6 Lily-flowered —strong stems bear narrow-waisted, single
flowers, with long, pointed, often reflexed petals, in late spring.

Div. 7 Fringed —flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have
fringed petals.

Div. 8 Viridiflora —variable, single flowers, with partly greenish
petals, are borne in late spring.

Div. 9 Rembrandt —flowers are similar to those in Div. 6, but have
striped or feathered patterns caused by viruses, and appear in late spring.

Div. 10 Parrot —has large, variable, single flowers, with frilled or fringed
and usually twisted petals, in late spring.

Div. 11 Double late (peony-flowered —usually bowl-shaped, double
flowers appear in late spring.

Div. 12 Kaufmanniana hybrids —single flowers are usually bicolored,
open flat in sun and appear in early spring; leaves often mottled or striped.

Div. 13 Fosteriana hybrids —large, single flowers open wide in the
sun from early to mid-spring. Leaves are often mottled or striped.

Div. 14 Greigii hybrids —large, single flowers appear in mid- and
late spring. Mottled or striped leaves are often wavy-edged.

Div. 15 Miscellaneous —a diverse category of other species and their
cultivars and hybrids. Flowers appear in spring and early summer.

T. 'White Dream' ® T. 'White Triumphator’ ® T. 'Purissima' ®

[Div. 3] [Div 6] [Div 13]

T. saxatilis ® T. 'Shirley' ® T. 'China Pink' ®

[Div 15] [Div 3] [Div 6]

T. 'Albert Heijn' ® T. 'Dreamland' ®

[Div 13] [Div 5]

71‘Ballade' ® [Div 6] T. 'Estella Rijnveld' ® [Div. 10] T. 'Greenland' ® [Div 8] T. 'Esperanto' ® [Div 8]

T. 'Prinses Irene' (D
[Div. 1]

T. 'Madame Lefeber' CD

Tulipa 'Uncle Tom' (D

T. 'Queen of Night' (D

T. 'Golden Apeldoorn' ©

T 'Gluck' (D

T. praestans 'Unicum' ©

T 'Blue Parrot' ©

T. 'Dreaming Maid' ©

T. sylvestris ©

PHPS

EKaPUv

Ur]/

ll\T * Kb

V _

T. orphanidea ©

Tulipa sprengeri ©

T. 'Negrita' ©

[Div. 15]

[Div. 15]

[Div. 3]

i j

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k v tm. 1

BULBS

MEDIUM

SPRING

PINK

RED

Erythronium hendersonii

Spring-flowering tuber with 2 semierect,
basal, brown- and green-mottled leaves.
Flower stem carries up to 10 lavender
or lavender-pink flowers, with reflexed
petals and deep purple, central eyes.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 4-5in (10-12cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

Allium unifolium

Late spring-flowering bulb with one
semierect, basal, gray-green leaf.
Each flower stem carries a domed
umbel, 2in (5cm) across, of up to
30 purplish-pink flowers. H to 12in
(30cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

402

6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Anemone pavonina

Leafy tuber with cup-shaped, single,
dark-centered, scarlet, purple or blue
flowers rising above divided, frilly
leaves in early spring. H 16in (40cm),
S 8in (20cm).

& 6 ® Z8—10 H10-8

Sprekelia formosissima
(Aztec lily, Jacobean lily)

Clump-forming, spring-flowering
bulb with semierect, basal leaves.

Stem bears a deep red flower, 5in (12cm)
wide, that has 6 narrow petals with
green-striped bases. H 6-14in (15-35cm),
S 5-6in (12-15cm).

6 zi3-i5 H12-10

Fritillaria meleagris
(Snake's-head fritillary)

Spring-flowering bulb with slender
stems producing scattered, narrow,
gray-green leaves. Has solitary
bell-shaped, prominently checkered
flowers, in shades of pinkish-purple or
white. H to 12in (30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z4-9 H8-2

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

Fritillaria camschatcensis

(Black sarana)

Spring-flowering bulb. Sturdy stems
carry lance-shaped, glossy leaves,
mostly in whorls. Bears up to 8 deep
blackish-purple or brown flowers.
Needs rich soil. H 6-24in (15-60cm),
S 3-4in (8-1 Ocm).

Z4-8 H8-2

Sauromatum venosum (Voodoo lily)

Early spring-flowering tuber. Bears
a large, acrid, purple-spotted spathe,
then a lobed leaf on a long, spotted
stalk. H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 12-14in
(30-35cm). Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

Z7-10 HI 2-10

Fritillaria pyrenaica

Spring-flowering bulb with scattered,
lance-shaped leaves, often rather
narrow. Develops 1, or rarely 2,
broadly bell-shaped flowers with
flared-tipped, checkered, deep
brownish- or blackish-purple petals.
H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

BLUE

Anemone coronaria De Caen Group
'Mister Fokker'

Spring-flowering perennial with
a knobby tuber. Bears shallowly
cup-shaped, single, violet-blue flowers,
with black stamens, above rounded,
divided, finely lobed, semierect, basal
leaves. H lOin (25cm), S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z8-11 HI1-8

Muscari latifolium

Spring-flowering bulb with one strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal, gray-green
leaf. Has a dense spike of tiny, bell¬
shaped, blackish-violet to -blue flowers
with constricted mouths; upper ones are
paler and smaller. H to lOin (25cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z4-8 H8-1

Hyacinthoides x massartiana
(Spanish bluebell)

Spring-flowering bulb with strap¬
shaped, glossy leaves and pendent,
bell-shaped, blue, white or pink flowers.
H to 12in (30cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z4-io H 9-1

Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket'

Mid-spring-flowering bulb with a dense,
cylindrical spike of highly fragrant,
bell-shaped, waxy, navy-blue flowers
with purple veining. Has lance-shaped,
channeled, erect, bright green, basal
leaves. H lOin (25cm), S 3in (8cm).

6 ® Z5-9 H9-1

Hyacinthoides non-scripta

(English bluebell)

Tuft-forming, spring-flowering bulb
with strap-shaped leaves. An erect stem,
arching at the apex, bears fragrant, blue,
pink or white flowers. H to 16in (40cm),

S to 3in (8cm).

4 ® Z4—10 H9-1

Ixiolirion tataricum

Spring- to early summer-flowering
bulb with long, narrow, semierect leaves
on the lower part of stem. Has
a loose cluster of blue flowers with
a darker, central line along each petal.

H to 16in (40cm), S 3^1in (8-1 Ocm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

DAFFODILS

Narcissus species and hybrids grace the garden from early to late spring
with diverse flowers, ranging from the tiny Cyclamineus types, with their
swept-back petals, to the stately trumpet daffodils. Some are also scented,
including the Poeticus, Jonquilla, and many of the small-flowered forms.
Daffodils can be naturalized to form a carpet in grass or a wild garden,
or used to brighten up beds and borders, but dwarf forms are best in

N. 'Dove Wings' ® [Div. 6] N. 'Ice Follies' ® [Div. 2]

rock or gravel gardens, or planted in pots and troughs.

The genus is classified in 13 divisions. Their flower forms are illustrated
below, with the exception of Div. 12, miscellaneous, and Div. 13, which
comprise mostly wild species. Both have varying flowers, including hoop-
petticoat forms, and are produced between fall and early summer.

Div. 7 Jonquilla and
Apodanthus —sweetly
scented flowers, usually
1-5 per stem. Cups are
short, sometimes flanged;
petals are often flat, fairly
broad, and rounded. Mid-
to late spring-flowering.

Div. 1 Trumpet —usually
solitary flowers, each with
a trumpet that is as long
as, or longer than, the
petals. Early to late
spring-flowering.

N. 'Actaea' © [Div. 9]

N. 'Canaliculatus' ® [Div. 8]

Div. 2 Large-cupped-

solitary flowers, each
with a cup at least one-
third the length of, but
shorter than, the petals.
Spring-flowering.

Div. 8 Tazetta —clusters
of 12 or more small, fragrant
flowers per stem, or 3 or 4
large ones. Cups are small
and often straight-sided;
petals are broad and mostly
pointed. Late autumn- to
mid-spring-flowering.

Div. 3 Small-cupped—

flowers are often borne
singly, each with a cup
not more than one-third
the length of the petals.
Spring- or early
summer-flowering.

Div. 9 Poeticus —1-2

flowers per stem, each
with a small, colored cup
and glistening white petals.
Most are sweetly scented.
Late spring- or early
summer-flowering.

Div. 4 Double —most
have solitary large, fully or
semi-double flowers with
the cup and petals, or just
the cup, replaced by petaloid
structures. Some have
smaller flowers in clusters
of 4 or more. Spring- or
early summer-flowering.

Div. 10 Bulbocodium

flowers usually borne
singly on very short
stems, with insignificant
petals and large, widely
flaring cups. Winter- to
spring-flowering.

Div. 11 Split-cupped—

usually solitary flowers
with cups split along more
than half their length.
Spring-flowering.

Div. 5 Triandrus—

2-6 nodding flowers per
stem, each with a short,
sometimes straight-sided
cup and narrow, reflexed
petals. Spring-flowering.

N. 'Cheerfulness' ® [Div. 4] N. 'Empress of Ireland' ®

[Div. 1]

(a) Collar—wide cup
segments lie back on
the petals.

Div. 6 Cyclamineus—

usually 1 or 2 flowers per
stem with cups that are
sometimes flanged and often
longer than those of Div. 5.
Petals are narrow, pointed,
and reflexed. Early to
mid-spring flowering.

(b) Papillon—narrower
cup segments have tips
arranged at the margin
of the petals.

N. 'Thalia' ® [Div. 5]

N. 'Bridal Crown' ® [Div. 4] N. 'Broadway Star' ® [Div. 11 b]

N. 'Fragrant Breeze' ® [Div. 2]

N. 'Avalanche' (D

N. 'Charity May' ®

N. 'Pencrebar' (D [Div. 4]

N. 'Bartley' ® [Div. 6]

N. 'Passionate' (D [Div. 2] N. 'Irene Copeland' (D [Div. 4] N. 'Spellbinder' (D

N. 'Golden Ducat' (D [Div. 4] N. 'Ambergate' (D [Div. 2] N. 'Altruist' (D [Div. 3]

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BULBS

MEDIUM

SPRING

Fritillaria acmopetala

Spring-flowering bulb with slender
stems that bear narrowly lance-shaped,
scattered leaves, and 1 or 2 broadly
bell-shaped, green flowers, with
brown-stained petals flaring outward
at the tips. H 6-16in (15-40cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Hermodactylus tuberosus

(Widow iris)

Spring-flowering perennial with finger¬
like tubers. Long, narrow, gray-green
leaves are square in cross-section. Has
a fragrant, yellowish-green flower with
large, blackish-brown-tipped petals.

H 8-16in (20-40cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

YELLOW

Calochortus luteus (Yellow mariposa)

Late spring-flowering bulb with long,
narrow, erect leaves near the base
of the loosely branched stem. Each
branch bears a 3-petaled, yellow
flower with central, brown blotches.

H 8-18in (20-45cm), S 2-3in (5-10cm).

Erythronium 'Pagoda'

Robust, spring-flowering tuber with
2 semierect, basal, faintly mottled, glossy
leaves. Flower stem produces up to 10
pendent, pale yellow flowers with
reflexed petals. H 10-14in (25-35cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

0 6 Z5-10 H10-5

0 6 Z4-9 H9-1

Fritillaria pontica

Spring-flowering bulb with stems
carrying lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves, the topmost in a whorl of 3.

Has solitary broadly bell-shaped, green
flowers, VA-VAin (3-4.5cm) long, often
suffused brown. H 6-18in (15-45cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z7-8 H8-7

Arisaema triphyllum

(Jack-in-the-pulpit)

Summer-flowering tuber with 3-lobcd,
erect leaves. Produces green or purple
spathes, hooded at tips, followed by
bright red berries. H 16-20in (40-50cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

406

Fritillaria cirrhosa

Spring-flowering bulb with slender
stems and narrow, whorled leaves;
upper leaves have tendril-like tips.
Produces up to 4 widely bell-shaped
flowers, purple or yellowish-green
with dark purple checkered patterns.
H to 24in (60cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Ixia viridifiora

Spring- to early summer-flowering
corm with very narrow, erect leaves
mostly at stem base. Carries a spike
of flatfish, jade-green flowers, l-2in
(2.5-5cm) across, with purple-black eyes.
H 12-24in (30-60cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

0 6 Z6-8 H8-6

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-7

Fritillaria pallidiflora

Robust, spring-flowering bulb with
broadly lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves, scattered or in pairs on stem.
Has 1-5 widely bell-shaped, yellow
to greenish-yellow flowers, usually
faintly checkered brownish-red within.
H 6-28in (15-70cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z4-9 H8-2

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ORANGE

Tulipa 'Giuseppe Verdi'

Mid-spring-flowering bulb (Div.12)
with purple-marked leaves. Yellow-
margined, carmine-red flowers are
golden-yellow with small, red marks
inside. H and S 8in (20cm).

Hyacinthus orientalis
'City of Haarlem'

Late spring-flowering bulb with
lance-shaped, channeled, erect,
bright green, basal leaves. Has a
dense, cylindrical spike of fragrant,
bell-shaped, primrose-yellow flowers.
H lOin (25cm), S 3in (8cm).

Ferraria crispa

Spring-flowering corm with leafy stem
bearing a succession of upward-facing,
brown or yellowish-brown flowers,
lV£-2in (4-5cm) across, with 6 wavy-
edged, spreading petals that are
conspicuously lined and blotched.

H 8-16in (20-40cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 zio-ii Hii-8

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Stenomesson miniatum

Late spring-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Bears a head of red or orange flowers,
3 A-VMn (2-4cm) long, with yellow
anthers. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 ® Z3—8 H8-1

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-1

0 6 Zll-15 H12-10

Narcissus 'Silver Chimes'

Sturdy, mid- to late spring-flowering
bulb (Div.8) with dark green leaves.
Produces up to 10 fragrant flowers, each
with broad, milk-white petals and a
straight, shallow, creamy-primrose cup.
Thrives in a warm site. H 13in (32cm).

0 6 ® Z3-9 Z9-1

Triteleia ixioides 'Starlight'

Free-flowering, late spring-flowering
corm with grasslike, semierect, basal
leaves. Open umbels, to 5in (12cm)
across, of star-shaped, creamy-yellow
flowers have a central, green stripe
on each petal. Is good for cut flowers.
H 16in (40cm), S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z7-13 H12-7

Arum creticum

Spring-flowering tuber that bears white
or yellow spathes, each bottle-shaped
at the base, slightly reflexed at the apex
and with a protruding, yellow spadix.
Has arrow-shaped, semierect, deep
green leaves in fall. H 12-20in (30-50cm),
S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Stenomesson variegatum

Clump-forming bulb. Bears reddish-
yellow, pink or white flowers, with
6 green lobes at the apex, in winter
or spring. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

407

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

WHITE

Triteleia hyacinthina

Late spring- to early summer-flowering
corm with long, narrow, semierect or
spreading, basal leaves. Heads of white,
sometimes purple-tinged flowers are
borne on wiry stems. H 12-20in
(30-45cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

& 6 Z7-13 H12-7

Pancratium illyricum

Summer-flowering bulb with strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green
leaves. Leafless stem has a head of 5-12
fragrant, 6-petaled, white flowers, 3in
(8cm) across. H to 18in (45cm), S 10-12in
(25-30cm).

Ornithogalum narbonense

Clump-forming, late spring- to
summer-flowering bulb with long,
narrow, semierect, basal, gray-
green leaves. Leafless stem produces
a spike of star-shaped, white flowers,
%in (2cm) wide. H 12-16in (30-40cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 ® Z7-10 H10-7

Zantedescbia aethiopica
'Green Goddess'

Robust, summer-flowering tuber
with arrow-shaped, semierect, basal,
deep green leaves. Bears a succession
of green spathes each with a large,
central, green-splashed, white area.

H lV2-3ft (45cm-lm), S lT4-2ft (45-60cm).

Ismene narcissiflora
(Peruvian daffodil)

Spring- or summer-flowering
bulb with semierect, basal leaves,
dying down in winter. Bears a loose
head of 2-5 fragrant, white flowers.

H to 24in (60cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).

0 6 Z8-11 HI1-8

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-4

6 Hii-io

408 ... _

I 6 ® Z4-9 H9-3

0 £> ® Z7-10 H10-7

0 A Z5-10 H10-5

Arisaema sikokianum

Early summer-flowering tuber with
erect leaves divided into 3-5 leaflets.
Produces deep brownish-purple and
white spathes, 6in (15cm) long, with
clublike, white spadices protruding from
the mouths. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm).

Ornithogalum thyrsoides

(Chincherinchee)

Summer-flowering bulb with strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Bears
a dense, conical spike of cup-shaped,
white flowers, 3 A-VAm (2-3cm) across.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Habenaria radiata

Evergreen-deciduous, terrestrial orchid
with fleshy tubers and linear, gray-
green, basal leaves. In mid-summer,
each slender flower stem bears 2 or 3
white flowers that resemble egret birds
in flight. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).

Ornithogalum arabicum

Early summer-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect leaves in a basal
cluster. Has a flattish head of up
to 15 scented, white or creamy-white
flowers, l%-2in (4-5cm) across, with
black ovaries in centers. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z9-11 HI 1-9

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Allium neapolitanum Cowanii Group

Late spring-flowering bulb with large
umbels of up to 30 star-shaped, white
flowers in late spring or early summer,
after the lance-shaped, semierect,
mid-green, basal leaves have withered.
Is good for cut flowers. H 16in (40cm),

S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Eucomis pallidiflora (Giant pineapple
flower, Giant pineapple lily)

Summer-flowering bulb with sword¬
shaped, crinkly edged, semierect,
basal leaves. Bears a dense spike of
star-shaped, greenish-white flowers,
topped with a cluster of leaflike bracts.

H to 30in (75cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Calochortus superbus

Bulb with linear, gray-green, basal
leaves. In early summer, branched stems
bear 1-3 upward-facing, cup-shaped,
white, creamy-yellow or lavender-blue
flowers, with purplish-brown markings
at the base of each petal. H 16in (40cm),

S 3in (8cm).

0 6 Z8-11 HU-8

-£> ; - 6 Z5—10 H10-6

Eucomis comosa

Clump-forming bulb with strap-shaped,
wavy-margined leaves, spotted purple
beneath. Purple-spotted stem bears
a spike of white or greenish-white,
sometimes pink-tinted flowers, with
purple ovaries. H to 28in (70cm),

S 12-24in (30-60cm).

Allium schubertii

Early summer-flowering bulb with

widely strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Bears large umbels of 40 or more
star-shaped, pink or purple flowers on
very unequal stalks, then brown seed
capsules. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm).

6 Z8-U H10-8

Tritonia disticha subsp. rubrolucens

Late summer-flowering corm with
narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves
in a flattish, basal fan. Has pink flowers
in a loose, one-sided spike. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

6 Z9-10 H10-9

6 ® Z4-io Hio-i

Allium senescens subsp. montanum

Vigorous, clump-forming, summer¬

flowering bulb with strap-shaped, often
twisted, gray-green leaves. Has dense
umbels, %in (2cm) across, of up to 30
long-lasting, cup-shaped, pink flowers.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

-£?- 6 ® Z4-10 H10-1

Allium cernuum

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with narrow, semierect, basal
leaves. Each stem produces up to
30 cup-shaped, pink or white flowers
in a loose, nodding umbel, 3 /4-l%in
(2^1cm) across. H 12-28in (30-70cm),
S 3-5in (8-12cm).

0 6 ©Z3-9 H9-5

409

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

MEDIUM

CROCOSMIA

Cormous perennials with flowers in vibrant shades
of yellow, orange, and red, and sword-shaped, pleated
foliage, crocosmias are real crowd-pleasers. The flowers
are held on elegant arching stems and bloom for many
weeks between mid-summer and fall. Most are easy to
grow, spreading quickly when conditions are right for
them. Plants, rather than corms, are the best choice for
beginners, and should be planted in spring in moist but
well-drained fertile soil in sun or partial shade. Those
that are borderline hardy will benefit from a warm site
near a protective wall.

C. 'George Davison' C. masoniorum C. 'Severn Sunrise'

C. 'Star of the East' C. 'Jackanapes'

SUMMER

RED

Rhodophiala advena

Clump-forming, spring- to summer¬
flowering bulb with basal, gray-green
leaves. Leafless stem carries a head
of 2-8 narrowly funnel-shaped, red
flowers, 2in (5cm) long. H to 16in (40cm),
S 6-8in (15-20cm).

-0 6 Z9-10 H10-9

Ranunculus asiaticus

(Persian buttercup)

Early summer-flowering perennial with
clawlike tubers and long-stalked leaves
both at base and on stem. Has single
or double flowers in red, white, pink,
yellow or orange. H 18-22in (45-55cm),
S 4in (10cm).

0 6 ® Z7-11 Hll-7

Lycoris radiata (Red spider lily)

Late summer-flowering bulb with
a head of 5 or 6 bright rose-red
flowers with narrow, wavy-margined,
reflexed petals and conspicuous anthers.
Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves after flowering time. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 Z7-io mo-7

Phaedranassa carmioli

Spring- and summer-flowering bulb
with upright, elliptic or lance-shaped,
basal leaves. Bears a head of 6-10
pendent, pinkish-red flowers, with
green bases and yellow-edged, green
lobes at each apex. H 20-28in (50-70cm),
S 12-18in (30-45cm).

6 Hii-9

Gladiolus communis
subsp. byzantinus

Early summer-flowering corm with a
dense spike of up to 20 deep purplish-
red or purplish-pink flowers, l}&-2V£in
(4—6cm) long. Produces a fan of sword¬
shaped, erect, basal leaves. H to 28in
(70cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 Z8-10 H10-8

bley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

BLUE

Tulbaghia simmleri

Semievergreen, bulbous perennial
with clusters of narrow, grasslike,
mid-green leaves. Produces terminal
umbels of fragrant, tubular, light to deep
purple flowers in early to mid-summer.

H 24in (60cm), S lOin (25cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H 9-7

Allium cristophii

Summer-flowering bulb with semierect,
hairy, gray leaves that droop at tips. Has
a large, spherical umbel of 50 or more
star-shaped, purplish-violet flowers,
which dry well. H 6-16in (15-40cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 ® Z5—8 H9-5

Roscoea auriculata

Early fall-flowering tuber with linear to
broadly lance-shaped, semierect, dark
green leaves. Orchid-like, rich purple
flowers are borne from upper leaf axils
from late summer to fall. H 18in (45cm),
S 6in (15cm).

(k Z6—9 H9-6

Camassia quamash

(Camass, Quamash)

Clump-forming bulb with racemes of
shallowly cup-shaped, rich to pale blue
or white flowers in late spring and early
summer. Has long, linear, erect, basal
leaves. H 12in (30cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z4-11 HI 1-1

Triteleia laxa 'Koningin Fabiola'

Mid-summer-flowering corm with
linear, semierect, basal leaves. These
often die back before a loose umbel of
funnel-shaped, deep violet-blue flowers,
on long, slender stalks, is produced.

Is good for cut flowers. H 12in (30cm),

S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z6-10 H10-6

Allium caeruleum

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with narrow, erect leaves on the
lower third of slender flower stems,
which bear 30-50 star-shaped, blue
flowers in a dense, spherical umbel,
VA-PMn (3-4cm) across. H 8-32in
(20-80cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 ® Z4—10 H10-1

Triteleia laxa

Early summer-flowering corm
with narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
Stem carries a large, loose umbel of
funnel-shaped, deep to pale purple-
blue flowers, 3 A- 2in (2-5cm) long,
mostly held upright. H 4-20in (10-50cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z6-10 H10-6

411

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

MEDIUM

SUMMER

Eucomis bicolor

Summer-flowering bulb with wavy-
edged, semierect, basal leaves. Stem,
often spotted purple, bears a spike of
green or greenish-white flowers, with 6
purple-edged petals, topped by a cluster
of leaflike bracts. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 12-24in (30-60cm).

0 6 Z8—10 H10-8

Arisaema jacquemontii

Summer-flowering tuber with 1 or 2
erect leaves, divided into wavy-edged
leaflets. Produces slender, white-lined,
green spathes that are hooded at tips
and drawn out into long points.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12-15in
(30-38cm).

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

412

6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Arisaema griffithii

Summer-flowering tuber with
large, erect leaves above a green or
purple spathe, 8-10in (20-25cm) long,
strongly netted with paler veins and
expanded like a cobra's hood. Protect
in winter or lift for frost-free storage.
H to 24in (60cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).

YELLOW

Ranunculus asiaticus var. flavus

(Persian buttercup)

Early summer-flowering perennial
with clawlike tubers and long-stalked,
palmate leaves at base and on stem.
Has single or double flowers in yellow,
white, pink, red or orange. H 18-22in
(45-55cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 ® Z7-11 HI 1-7

Cypella herbertii

Summer-flowering bulb with a fan
of narrow, sword-shaped, erect, basal
leaves. Branched flower stem carries
a succession of short-lived, iris-like,
orange-yellow flowers, each spotted
purple in the center. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Zll HI 1-1

Calochortus barbatus

Summer-flowering bulb with narrow,
erect leaves near the base of the
loosely branched stem. Each branch
bears a pendent, yellow or greenish-
yellow flower that is hairy inside.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm).

0 6 Z6-10 H10-6

Allium flavum

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb. Leaves are linear and semierect
on lower half of slender flower stem.
Produces a loose umbel of up to 60
small, bell-shaped, yellow flowers on
thin, arching stalks. H 4—14in (10-35cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 ® Z4-10 H9-1

Cyrtanthus mackenii var. cooperi

Clump-forming, summer-flowering bulb
with long, narrow, semierect, basal
leaves. Leafless stems each carry a head
of up to 10 fragrant, tubular, cream
or yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) long and
slightly curved. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Zll Hll-6

Ismene x spofforthiae 'Sulphur Queen'

Summer-flowering bulb with strap¬
shaped, dark green, basal leaves.

Bears terminal umbels of up to 6 large,
fragrant, sulfur-yellow flowers, each with
a frilly-edged, light yellow cup with green
stripes and 6 spreading petals. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 zio-n hii-9

Crocosmia 'Golden Fleece'

Clump-forming, late summer-flowering
corm with sword-shaped, erect, basal,
gray-green leaves. Flowers are funnel-
shaped and clear golden-yellow.

H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).

6 Z 6-9 mo -9

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FALL

ORANGE

_

Polianthes geminiflora

Summer-flowering tuber with narrowly
strap-shaped, semierect leaves in a basal
tuft. Stems each carry long spikes of
downward-curving, tubular, red
or orange flowers in pairs. H 8-16in
(20-40cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 HI 1-1

Alstroemeria Ligtu Hybrids

Summer-flowering tuber with narrow,
twisted leaves and heads of widely
flared flowers in shades of pink, yellow
or orange, often spotted or streaked with
contrasting colors. H l!4-2ft (45-60cm),

S 2-3ft (60cm-lm).

0 £> ® Z8—11 HI 1-7

Sandersonia aurantiaca
(Chinese-lantern lily)

Deciduous, summer-flowering,
tuberous climber with a slender stem
bearing scattered, lance-shaped leaves,
some tendril-tipped. Orange flowers
are produced in axils of upper leaves.

H 24in (60cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).

0 6 zii-i4 H 12-10

Tigridia pavonia
(Peacock flower, Tiger flower)

Summer-flowering bulb with sword¬
shaped, pleated, erect leaves near
stem base. A succession of short-lived
flowers vary from white to orange, red
or yellow, often with contrasting spots.
H to 18in (45cm), S 4-6in (12-15cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H12-3

PINK

Zephyranthes carinata

Late summer- to early fall-flowering
bulb with narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves. Each stem
bears a funnel-shaped, pink flower,
held almost erect. H 8-12in (20-30cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z8-11 H12-9

Nerine bowdenii

Fall-flowering bulb with a stout stem
and strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Carries a head of 5-10 glistening,
pink flowers with petals that widen
slightly toward wavy-margined,
recurved tips. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm).

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Scilla scilloides

Late summer- and fall-flowering
bulb with 2-4 narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves. Stem bears a
slender, dense spike of up to 30 flattish,
pink flowers, Vk-Vbin (0.5-lcm) across.

H to 12in (30cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Nerine bowdenii f. alba

Fall-flowering bulb with a sturdy stem
and strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Produces a head of 5-10 white,
often pink-flushed flowers; petals
widen slightly toward wavy-margined,
recurved tips. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm).

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Nerine 'Orion'

Fall-flowering bulb with strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy, leafless
stem bears a head of pale pink flowers
with very wavy-margined petals that
have recurved tips. H 12-20in (30-50cm),
S 8-1 Oin (20-25cm).

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-8

Nerine undulata

Fall-flowering bulb with narrowly
strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Flower stem carries a head
of pink flowers with very narrow
petals crinkled for their whole length.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 4-5in (10-12cm).

0 6 © Z8-10 H10-8

413

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

MEDIUM

SMALL

WINTER

SPRING

ORANGE

WHITE

WHITE

414

Nerine sarniensis (Guernsey lily)

Fall-flowering bulb with strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves. Leafless stem
carries a spherical head of up to 20 deep
orange-pink flowers, 2 1 /£-3in (6-8cm)
across, with wavy-margined petals.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm).

0 6 ® Z8—10 H10-8

Hippeastrum 'Striped'

Winter- to spring-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
produced with or just after flowers.
Sturdy stem has a head of 2-6 widely
funnel-shaped flowers, striped white
and red. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® Hii-i

Veltheimia bracteata

Clump-forming, winter-flowering bulb
with semierect, strap-shaped, basal,
glossy leaves and dense spikes of
pendent, tubular, pink, red or yellowish-
red flowers. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 10-15in (25-38cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

Ornitbogalum balansae

Spring-flowering bulb with 2 almost
prostrate, inversely lance-shaped,
mid-green basal leaves. Has a broad
head of 2-5 flowers, glistening white
inside, bright green outside, that open
wide. H 2-6in (5-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 ® Z7-10 H10-7

Dahlia 'Harvest Inflammation'

Single dahlia bearing orange flowers,
2in (5cm) across, suffused orange-red,
each with a central, orange-yellow
disc, in summer-fall. H 22in (55cm),

S 16in (40cm).

0 6 Z9-11 HI 1-1

Eucharis amazonica

Evergreen, clump-forming bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Bears a head of up to 6 fragrant, slightly
pendent, white flowers at almost
any season. H 16-24in (40-60cm),

S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Hippeastrum 'Red Lion'

Tuft-forming, winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb with a sturdy stem
bearing a head of 2-6 dark red flowers
with yellow anthers. Strap-shaped
leaves appear with or just after flowers.
H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® HI 1-1

Anemone blanda 'White Splendour'

Knobby tuber with semierect leaves
that have 3 deeply toothed lobes. Bears
upright, flattish, white flowers, lV£-2in
(4—5cm) across, with 9-14 narrow petals,
in early spring. H 2-4in (5-10cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

Hippeastrum 'Apple Blossom'

Winter- to spring-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
produced as, or just after, flowers form.
Sturdy stem has a head of 2-6 white
flowers, becoming pink at petal tips.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

Hippeastrum aulicum

Winter- and spring-flowering bulb with
a basal cluster of strap-shaped, semi¬
erect leaves. Sturdy stem bears two red
flowers with green-striped petals and
green throats. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 55-59°F (13-15°C).

Leucojum vernum (Spring snowflake)

Spring-flowering bulb with strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves.

Leafless stem carries 1 or 2 pendent,
bell-shaped flowers, 5 /s-%in (1.5-2cm)
long, with 6 green-tipped, white petals.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 3^1in (8-10cm).

0 6 ® HIT—1

0 A Z4-8 H9-3

0 6 ® HI 1-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Sternbergia Candida

Spring-flowering bulb. Strap-shaped,
semierect, basal, grayish-green leaves
appear together with a fragrant,
funnel-shaped, white flower, 114-2in
(4-5cm) long, borne on a leafless stem.
H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Puschkinia scilloides
var. libanotica 'Alba'

Spring-flowering bulb with usually 2
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Produces a dense spike of star-shaped,
white flowers, 5 /s-%in (1.5-2cm) across.
H 6in (15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Muscari botryoides 'Album'

Late spring-flowering bulb with 3-4
narrow, semierect, basal leaves that
widen slightly at the tips. Produces
dense, cone-shaped racemes of tiny,
fragrant, white flowers. H 6in (15cm),
S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z2-8 H8-1

Erythronium californicum

Clump-forming, spring-flowering tuber.
Has 2 semierect, basal, mottled leaves.
Up to 3 white or creamy-white flowers,
sometimes red-brown externally, have
reflexed petals, yellow eyes and often
brown rings near centers. H 6-14in
(15-35cm), S 4—5in (10-12cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-i

Ornitbogalum montanum

Clump-forming, spring-flowering bulb
with strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
gray-green leaves. Leafless stem
produces a head of star-shaped, white
flowers, VA-PAin (3-4cm) across, striped
green outside. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z6 —10 mo-6

Iris 'Natascha'

Bulbous iris with solitary, slightly
fragrant, very pale blue, almost white
flowers, with a yellow spot on each
petal, borne in early spring. Has
linear, mid-green leaves. H 6in (15cm),
S %in (2cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Ornithogalum lanceolatum

Spring-flowering, dwarf bulb with
a rosette of prostrate, lance-shaped,
basal leaves. Carries a head of
flattish, star-shaped, white flowers,
VA-VAin (3-4cm) across, broadly
striped green outside. H 2^1in (5-1 Ocm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 ® Z5-10 H10-1

Hyacinthus orientalis 'White Pearl'

Mid-spring-flowering bulb with linear
to lance-shaped, channeled, erect, bright
green, basal leaves. Produces a dense,
cylindrical raceme of sweetly scented,
tubular to bell-shaped, pure white
flowers. H to lOin (25cm), S to 3in (8cm).

6 © Z5-9 H9-i

415

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

SPRING

WHITE

Ornithogalum umbellatum

Late spring-flowering bulb with linear,
semierect, mid-green leaves with a
whitish-green midrib. These fade as
stems each bearing 6-20 star-shaped,
white flowers, with green reverses,
are produced in late spring and early
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm).

0 6 ® Z6—10 H10-1

Scilla siberica 'Alba'

Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb with
2-4 broadly linear, erect, basal leaves,
widening toward the tips. Racemes
of small, pendent, bowl-shaped, white
flowers are produced at the same time
as the leaves. H 6in (15cm), S 2in (5cm).

416

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

PINK

Allium akaka

Spring-flowering bulb with 1-3 broad,
prostrate and basal, gray-green leaves
and an almost stemless, spherical umbel,
2-3in (5-7cm) across of 30-40 star¬
shaped, white to pinkish-white flowers
with red centers. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Chionodoxa 'Pink Giant'

Early spring-flowering bulb with
2 narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
Leafless stem produces a spike
of 5-10 flattish, white-eyed, pink
flowers, %-lin (2-2.5cm) across.

H 4-10in (10-25cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Anemone tschaernjaewii

Spring-flowering tuber with 3-palmate,
oval, mid-green leaves, the leaflets
shallowly lobed. Has 5-petaled, saucer¬
shaped, purple-centered, white or pink
flowers, 34-l 3 /4in (2-4.5cm) across. Needs
warm, dry, summer dormancy. H 2-4in
(5-10cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Allium acuminatum

Spring-flowering bulb with 2-4 long,
narrow, semierect, basal leaves. Stem
bears an umbel, 2in (5cm) across, of
up to 30 small, purplish-pink flowers.
H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Allium karataviense

Late spring-flowering bulb with
narrowly elliptic to elliptic, prostrate,
basal, grayish-purple leaves. Stem
bears 50 or more star-shaped, pale
purplish-pink flowers in a spherical
umbel, 6in (15cm) or more across.

H to 8in (20cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).

0 6 ® Z5—9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CROCUSES

Crocus species and cultivars are versatile dwarf bulbous
plants. Most flower in late winter or early spring; a few
bloom in fall. Colors range from white, cream, and yellow to
pinkish-lilac and purple, and many are attractively striped or
feathered with other colors. The goblet-shaped flowers open
wide in full sun, in some cases revealing contrasting centers
or conspicuous stamens. Most crocuses are also fragrant.
Plant in rock or gravel gardens with other early flowering
dwarf bulbs or perennials, in drifts in grass, or beneath
deciduous trees and shrubs, where they will rapidly spread.
If naturalized in grass, delay mowing until the leaves have
died down. Feed with an all-purpose granular fertilizer once
the flowers have faded.

C. sieberi 'Hubert Edelsten' C. vernus 'Remembrance'

C. 'E.P. Bowles'

C. goulimyi [Fall-flowering]

C. 'Eyecatcher'

C. vernus 'Pickwick'

C 'Dorothy'

G hadriaticus [Fall-flowering] G sieberi subsp. sublimis
f. tricolor

G tommasinianus 'Ruby Giant' G speciosus 'Conqueror' C. 'Zwanenberg Bronze'

[Fall-flowering]

C. vernus 'Queen of the Blues'

C. kotschyanus [Fall-flowering] C. speciosus [Fall-flowering] C. 'Cream Beauty'

BULBS

SMALL

SPRING

PINK

Allium oreophilum

Spring- and summer-flowering, dwarf
bulb with 2 narrow, semierect, basal
leaves. Has loose, domed umbels of
up to 10 widely bell-shaped, deep rose-
pink flowers, %-%in (1.5-2cm) across.

H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

418

Cyclamen libanoticum

Spring-flowering tuber with ivy-shaped,
dull green leaves with lighter patterns
and purplish-green undersides. Has
musty-scented, clear pink flowers,
each with deep carmine marks at the
mouth. Grows best in an alpine house.

H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® zn H7-i

Bulbocodium vernum

Spring-flowering corm with stemless,
widely funnel-shaped, reddish-purple
flowers. Narrow, semierect, basal leaves
appear with flowers but do not elongate
until later. Dies down in summer.

H VA-VMn (3-4cm), S lV 4 -2in (3-5cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Erythronium dens-canis

(Dog-tooth violet)

Spring-flowering tuber with 2 basal,
mottled leaves. Stem has a pendent,
pink, purple or white flower, with
bands of brown, purple and yellow
near the center and reflexed petals.

H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-1

Anemone blanda var. rosea 'Radar'

Knobby tuber with semierect, deep
green leaves with 3 deeply toothed
lobes. In early spring, stems each bear
an upright, flattish, white-centered,
deep reddish-carmine flower with
9-14 narrow petals. H 2-4in (5-10cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z4-8 H8-i

RED

Anemone x fulgens

Spring- or early summer-flowering
tuber with deeply divided, semierect,
basal leaves. Sturdy stems each carry
an upright, bright red flower, 2-3in
(5-7cm) across, with 10-15 petals.

H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

■-0 6 ® Z8—11 Hll-8

Sparaxis tricolor

Spring-flowering corm with erect,
lance-shaped leaves in a basal fan. Stem
produces a loose spike of up to 5 flattish,
orange, red, purple, pink or white
flowers, 2-2!4in (5-6cm) across, with
black or red centers. H 4-12in (10-30cm),
S 3-5in (8-12cm).

0 6 Z7-10 H10-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

Iris 'Pixie'

Bulbous iris with solitary, slightly
fragrant, rich deep purple-blue
flowers, with yellow midribs and
white stripes, borne in late winter
and early spring. Has linear, mid-green
leaves. H 6in (15cm), S %in (2cm).

6 ® Z5-9 H9A

Babiana rubrocyanea

(Baboon flower)

Spring-flowering corm with lance¬
shaped, erect, folded leaves in a basal
fan. Carries short spikes of 5-10 flowers,
each with 6 petals, purple-blue at the top
and red at the base. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Hii-io

Anemone blanda 'Violet Star'

Knobby tuber with rounded, semierect,
dark green, basal leaves with divided,
irregularly lobed leaves. In spring,
stems each bear a saucer-shaped, white-
centered, amethyst-violet flower that
resembles a daisy. H and S 6in (15cm).

Z4-8 H8-1

BLUE

Ipheion uniflorum 'Froyle Mill'

Spring-flowering bulb with narrow,
semierect, basal, pale green leaves
that smell of onions if crushed.

Each leafless stem carries a star¬
shaped, violet-blue flower, VA-VMn
(3-4cm) across. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

6 Z5—9 H9-5

Romulea bulbocodium

Spring-flowering corm with long,
semierect, threadlike leaves in a basal
tuft. Slender flower stems each carry
1-6 upward-facing flowers, usually pale
lilac-purple with yellow or white centers.
H 2-4in (5-10cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

0 6 Z5—9 H9-5

Moraea sisyrinchium

Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2
semierect, narrow, basal leaves.

Wiry stems each carry a succession
of lavender- to violet-blue flowers,
VA-VMn (3-4cm) across, with white
or orange patches on the 3 larger petals.
H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 £> Z9-10 H10-8

Bellevalia hyacinthoides

Spring-flowering bulb with prostrate,
narrow leaves in a basal cluster. Bears a
dense spike of up to 20 bell-shaped, pale
lavender-blue, almost white flowers with
darker, central veins. H 2-6in (5-15cm),

S 2in (5cm).

Chionodoxa forbesii

Early spring-flowering bulb with
2 semierect, narrow, basal leaves.

Bears a spike of 5-10 outward-facing,
rich blue-lilac flowers with white eyes.
H 4-10in (10-25cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Anemone blanda 'Atrocaerulea'

Knobby tuber with semierect, dark
green leaves that have 3 deeply toothed
lobes. In early spring, stems each bear
an upright, flattish, bright blue flower,
VA-Zin (4-5cm) across, with 9-14
narrow petals. H 2-4in (5-10cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

& 6 Z7-9 H9-7

6 Z3-9 H9-1

6 ® Z4-8 H8-1

x Chionoscilla allenii

Early spring-flowering bulb with 2
narrow, semierect, basal, dark green
leaves and flattish, star-shaped, deep
blue flowers, %-%in (l-2cm) across,
in a loose spike. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

6 Z3-9 H9-1

Muscari comosum 'Plumosum'

(Feather grape hyacinth)

Spring-flowering bulb with up to
5 strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
gray-green leaves. Sterile flowers
are replaced by a fluffy mass of
purple threads. H to lOin (25cm),
S 4-5in (10-12cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-1

Brimeura amethystina

Late spring-flowering bulb with
very narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
Each leafless stem bears a spike of
up to 15 pendent, tubular, blue flowers.
H 4-10in (10-25cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

6 Z5-9 H9-5

419

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

SPRING

BLUE

Chionodoxa luciliae

Early spring-flowering bulb with
2 somewhat curved, semierect,
basal leaves. Leafless stem bears
1-3 upward-facing, blue flowers
with white eyes. H 2^1in (5-1 Ocm),
S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Scilla mischtschenkoana

Early spring-flowering bulb with
2 or 3 strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
mid-green leaves. Stems elongate
as cup-shaped or flattish, pale blue
flowers, with darker blue veins,
open. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 2in (5cm).

Scilla siberica 'Atrocoerulea'

Early spring-flowering bulb with
2-4 strap-shaped, semierect, basal,
glossy leaves, widening toward tips.
Bell-shaped, deep rich blue flowers,
V 2 -V 8 in (1-1.5cm) long, are borne
in a short spike. H 4—6in (10-15cm),

S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

6 ® Z4-7 H9-6

6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Muscari neglectum

Spring-flowering bulb. Bears 4-6 often
prostrate leaves from fall to early
summer. Has small, ovoid, deep blue
or blackish-blue flowers with white-
rimmed mouths. Increases rapidly.

H 4—8in (10-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

Muscari aucheri

Spring-flowering bulb with 2 strap¬
shaped, grayish-green leaves. Bears
small, almost spherical, bright blue
flowers with white-rimmed mouths;
upper flowers are often paler. H 2-6in
(5-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

420 ...

I -'O'- 6 Z 6-9 H9-5

Muscari armeniacum

Spring-flowering bulb with 3-6 long,
narrow, semierect, basal leaves.

Carries a dense spike of small, fragrant,
bell-shaped, deep blue flowers with
constricted mouths that have a rim
of small, paler blue or white "teeth."

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 3^in (8-10cm).

0 6 Z4—8 H8-1

Tecophilaea cyanocrocus
var. leicbtlinii

Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2
narrowly lance-shaped, semierect,
basal leaves and solitary upward-
facing, widely funnel-shaped, pale
blue flowers with large, white centers.
H 3-4in (8-1 Ocm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

Tecophilaea cyanocrocus
(Chilean blue crocus)

Spring-flowering corm with 1 or 2
lance-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Carries upward-facing, funnel-shaped,
deep gentian-blue flowers, lV£-2in
(4—5cm) across, with white throats.

H 3-4in (8-1 Ocm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

6 Z7-9 H9-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GREEN

YELLOW

Puschkinia scilloides var. libanotica

(Striped squill)

Spring-flowering bulb with usually
2 strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Carries a dense spike of
star-shaped, pale blue flowers with
a darker blue stripe down each petal
center. H 6in (15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-1

Hyacinthella leucopbaea

Spring-flowering bulb with 2 narrowly
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves
and a thin, wiry, leafless flower stem.
Carries a short spike of tiny, bell-shaped,
very pale blue, almost white flowers.

H 4in (10cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Crocus 'Blue Pearl'

Early spring-flowering corm bearing
narrow, semierect, basal leaves, with
white lines along the centers. Fragrant,
long-tubed, funnel-shaped, soft
lavender-blue flowers, bluish-white
within, have golden-yellow throats.

H 3in (7cm), S 2in (5cm).

Ledebouria socialis

Evergreen, spring-flowering bulb
with lance-shaped, semierect,
basal, dark-spotted, gray or green
leaves. Produces a short spike of
bell-shaped, purplish-green flowers.
H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

0 6 Zll HI 1-6

Arum italicum 'Marmoratum'

Late spring-flowering tuber. Produces
semierect leaves, with cream or white
veins, in fall, followed by pale green or
creamy-white spathes, then red berries
in fall. Is good for flower arrangements.
H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm).

0 6 Z9-11 H10-7

0 6 Z3-8 H8-1

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-3

Colchicum luteum

Spring-flowering corm with wineglass¬
shaped, yellow flowers—the only
known yellow Colchicum. Semierect,
basal leaves are short at flowering
time but later expand. H 2-4in (5-10cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Erythronium americanum

Spring-flowering tuber with 2 semi¬
erect, basal leaves, mottled green
and brown, and a pendent, yellow
flower, often bronze outside, with
petals reflexing in sunlight. Forms
clumps by stolons. H 2-10in (5-25cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Z3-9 H9-2

Muscari macrocarpum

Spring-flowering bulb with 3-5 semi¬
erect, basal, grayish-green leaves.
Carries a dense spike of fragrant,
brown-rimmed, bright yellow flowers.
Upper flowers may initially be
brownish-purple. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

421

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

SPRING

SUMMER

ORANGE

WHITE

Dipcadi serotinum

Spring-flowering bulb with 2-5 very
narrow, semierect, basal leaves.
Leafless stem has a loose spike
of nodding, tubular, brown or dull
orange flowers, V 2 - 5 Mn (1-1.5cm) long.
H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

& 6 Z8—10 H10-8

Fritillaria pudica (Yellow fritillary)

Spring-flowering bulb with stems
bearing scattered, narrowly lance¬
shaped, gray-green leaves. Has
1 or 2 deep yellow, sometimes red-
tinged flowers, V 2 -lin (1-2.5cm) long.
H 2-8in (5-20cm), S 2in (5cm).

Arisaema candidissimum

Early summer-flowering tuber with
large, cowl-like, pink-striped, white
spathes, enclosing tiny, fragrant
flowers on spadices, followed by
broad, 3-palmate, semierect leaves,
12in (30cm) long. H 4—6in (10-15cm),
S 12-18in (3045cm).

0 6 ® Z7-9 H9-7

Albuca humilis

Summer-flowering, dwarf bulb with very
narrow, basal, dark green leaves. Carries
a loose head of 1-3 cup-shaped, white
flowers, V£in (1cm) long, striped green,
later reddish, outside. H 2-4in (5-1 Ocm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

422 ...

I --Q:- (J Z2-9 H9-1

0 6 Zio-ll Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Allium schoenoprasum (Chives)

Clump-forming, summer-flowering

bulb with narrow, hollow, erect, dark
green leaves at base. Stems each carry
up to 20 tiny, bell-shaped, pale purple
or pink flowers in a dense umbel up to
2in (5cm) across. H 5-10in (12-25cm),

S 2-4in (5-1 Ocm).

6 ® Z5-ii hi l-i

Allium narcissiflorum

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with very narrow, erect, gray-
green leaves on the lower part of the
flower stem. Has an umbel of up to
15 bell-shaped, pinkish-purple flowers.
H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 3^in (8-10cm).

6 ® Z5-8 H8-5

Cyclamen purpurascens

Summer- and fall-flowering tuber
with rounded, silver-patterned leaves.
Bears very fragrant, lilac-pink to
reddish-purple flowers. H to 4in (10cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z5—9 H9-4

PURPLE

Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with strap-shaped, semierect,
basal, bright green leaves. Leafless
stem bears a head of 6-12 tubular,
orange- or brilliant red flowers
with 6 lobes. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 £> HI 1-10

Anomatheca laxa

Early summer-flowering corm with a
loose spike of up to 6 small, long-tubed,
funnel-shaped, red or orange-red
flowers, with darker red marks on the
lower petals, borne among narrowly
sword-shaped, erect, mid-green leaves.
H 8in (20cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 6 Z8-10 H10-8

Haemanthus coccineus (Blood lily)

Summer-flowering bulb with 2 elliptic
leaves, hairy beneath, that lie flat on the
ground. Spotted stem, forming before
leaves, bears a cluster of tiny, red flowers
with prominent stamens, within fleshy,
red or pink bracts. H to 12in (30cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Roscoea humeana

Summer-flowering tuber. Erect, broadly

lance-shaped, rich green leaves form
a stemlike sheath at base. Has up to
10 long-tubed, purple flowers, each
with a hooded, upper petal, a wide,
pendent lip and 2 narrower petals.

H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 Z7-9 H9-7

Allium cyathophorum var. farreri

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with tufts of narrow, erect, basal
leaves. Each stem bears a small, loose
umbel, 5 /8-lV£in (1.5^cm) wide, of up
to 30 bell-shaped, dark reddish-purple
flowers with sharply pointed petals.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Scilla peruviana

Early summer-flowering bulb with a
basal cluster of up to 10 lance-shaped,
semierect leaves. Stem bears a broadly
conical head of up to 50 flattish, violet-
blue flowers, Vs-VAin (1.5-3cm) across.
H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 ® Hii-io

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

0 6 © Z8-9 H9-8

423

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

SUMMER

FALL

YELLOW

WHITE

Allium moly

Clump-forming, summer-flowering
bulb with 1-3 broad, semierect, basal,
gray-green leaves. Stems each bear
up to 40 star-shaped, yellow flowers
in a fairly dense umbel, l%-3in
(4-8cm) across. H 4-14in (10-35cm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm).

0 6 ® Z3-9 H9-5

Chlidanthus fragrans

Summer-flowering bulb with
narrow, semierect leaves in a basal
tuft. Leafless stem carries a head of
I 3-5 fragrant, funnel-shaped, yellow
flowers, 114-2%in (4-7cm) long.

H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 3-lin (8-10cm).

6 hii-7

Roscoea cautleyoides

Summer-flowering tuber. Erect, lance¬
shaped leaves form a stemlike sheath
at base. Has up to 5 long-tubed, yellow
flowers, each with a hooded, upper
petal, a broad, 2-lobed, lower lip and
2 narrower petals. H 6-10in (15-25cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm).

424 ... »

I 'Q'‘ 6 Z6-9 H9-6

Colchicum speciosum 'Album'

Vigorous, fall-flowering corm with
large, semierect, basal leaves in late
winter or spring. Cup-shaped, white
flowers successfully withstand bad
weather. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Acis autumnalis (Autumn snowflake)

Fall-flowering bulb with threadlike,
erect, basal leaves appearing with,
or just after, flowers. Slender stems
each produce a head of 14 bell-shaped,
white flowers, tinged pink at bases.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Cyclamen hederifolium f. albiflorum

Fall-flowering tuber. Pure white flowers,
with reflexed petals, appear before or
with leaves, which vary but are often
ivy-shaped with silvery-green patterns.
H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z5—7 H9-7

Zephyranthes Candida

Fall-flowering bulb with narrow, erect,
basal leaves forming rushlike tufts.
Each leafless stem carries crocus-like,
white flowers, to 2Vfcin (6cm) across.

H 6-1 Oin (15-25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Cyclamen africanum

Fall-flowering tuber with ivy-shaped,
deep green leaves with lighter patterns.
Bears pendent, white or pink flowers,
with reflexed petals and darker
stains around mouths, as or just
before leaves appear. H to 4in (10cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

0 6Z5-9 H9-1

0 6 Z7-9 H9-6

6 ® Z8-9 H9-8

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Colchicum bivonae

Fall-flowering corm with large,
funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple flowers,
strongly checkered darker purple
and with purple anthers. Produces
8-10 erect leaves in spring. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Colchicum cilicicum

Fall-flowering corm with large,
cup-shaped, pale pink to deep rose-
purple flowers, sometimes slightly
checkered. Very broad, semierect,
basal leaves, ribbed lengthwise,
appear soon after flowers have
faded. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Colchicum 'Waterlily'

Fall-flowering corm with rather broad,
semierect, basal leaves in winter or
spring. Tightly double flowers with 20-40
pinkish-lilac petals. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm).

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Colchicum agrippinum

Early fall-flowering corm. Narrow,
slightly waved, semierect, basal
leaves develop in spring. Bears erect,
funnel-shaped, bright purplish-pink
flowers with a darker checkered pattern
and pointed petals. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm).

6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Cyclamen graecum

Fall-flowering tuber with heart-
shaped, toothed, velvety, dark green
leaves, patterned silver or light
green. Flowers are pink or white,
with purple stains around mouths.
Grows best in an alpine house.

H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 © Z5—9 H9-5

Cyclamen mirabile

Fall-flowering tuber with pale
pink flowers with toothed petals
and dark purple-stained mouths.
Heart-shaped, patterned leaves,
purplish-green beneath, are minutely
toothed on margins. H to 4in (10cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm).

6 ® Z8-9 H9-8

425

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

FALL

PINK

Cyclamen hederifolium

Fall-flowering tuber. Pale to deep pink
flowers, stained darker at mouths,
appear before or with foliage. Leaves
vary but are often ivy-shaped with
silvery-green patterns. H 4in (10cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm).

6 ® Z5—7 H9-7

Cyclamen rohlfsianum

Fall-flowering tuber with coarsely
toothed leaves, zoned with light and
dark green patterns, and pale pink-
lilac flowers, stained darker at mouths.
H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Colchicum x byzantinum

Robust, fall-flowering corm with
up to 20 large, funnel-shaped, pale
purplish-pink flowers, 4—6in (10-15cm)
long. In spring produces very broad,
semierect, basal leaves, ribbed
lengthwise. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Habranthus robustus

Late summer- to early fall-flowering

bulb with narrowly strap-shaped, semi¬
erect, basal leaves. Leafless flower stems
each bear a funnel-shaped, pink flower
inclined at an angle. H 8-12in (20-30cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm).

Colchicum autumnale

(Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron)

Fall-flowering corm with up to 8 long-
tubed, wineglass-shaped, purple, pink
or white flowers, followed by 3-5 large,
strap-shaped, semierect, basal, glossy
leaves in spring. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).

& 6 Z7-10 H10-7

6 ® Z4-9 H9-i

Cyclamen cilicium

Fall-flowering tuber with broadly
heart-shaped leaves that have light and
dark green zones. Has white or pink
flowers, each with a dark purple stain
at the mouth, just before or with leaves.
H to 4in (10cm), S 2^1in (5-10cm).

426

6 ® Z8-9 H9-8

0 6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

6 ® Z5-9 H9-3

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WINTER

WHITE

Calanthus 'Atkinsii'

Vigorous, late winter- and early spring¬
flowering bulb with strap-shaped,
semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Each stem carries a slender, white
flower with a green mark at the apex
of each inner petal. H 4-1 Oin (10-25cm),
S 2-3%in (5-9cm).

4 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Calanthus elwesii

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with semierect, basal, gray-green
leaves that widen gradually toward tips.
Each inner petal of the white flowers
bears green marks at the apex and base,
which may merge. H 4-12in (10-30cm),

S 2-3 in (5-8cm).

A ® Z3-9 H9-1

Crocus sieberi 'Albus'

Spring-flowering corm bearing narrow,
semierect, basal leaves, with white
lines along the centers. Scented, white
flowers have large, deep yellow areas
in throats and purple staining outside.

H l%in-l%in (3-4.5cm), S 2in (5cm).

0 6 73-8 H8-1

Calanthus 'Hill Poe'

Early spring-flowering bulb with
strap-shaped, semierect, gray-green
leaves. Produces rosetted, double,
white flowers, to l!4in (3cm) long, with
4 larger outer petals and shorter, tightly
packed, green-tipped inner petals.

H 4—7in (10-18cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Calanthus nivalis 'Flore Pleno'

(Double common snowdrop)

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with semierect, basal, gray-green
leaves. Bears rosetted, many-petaled,
double, white flowers, some inner
petals having a green mark at the apex.
H 4—6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

© Z3-8 H8-i

Calanthus nivalis 'Pusey Green Tip'

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Each stem bears a white flower with
many mostly green-tipped petals.

H 4—6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Z4—7 H7-4

6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

Calanthus gracilis

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with slightly twisted, strap-shaped,
semierect, basal, gray-green leaves.
Bears white flowers with 3 inner petals,
each marked with a green blotch at
the apex and base. H 4—6in (10-15cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm).

A ® Z3-9 H9-1

Calanthus ikariae

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with strap-shaped, semi-erect,
basal, glossy, bright green leaves.
Produces one white flower, 5 /s-lin
(1.5-2.5cm) long, marked with a green
patch at the apex of each inner petal.

H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

4 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Calanthus plicatus subsp. byzantinus

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb. Semierect, basal, deep green leaves
have a gray bloom and reflexed margins.
White flowers have green marks at bases
and tips of inner petals. H 4-8in
(10-20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

A © Z3-9 H9-1

427

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

BULBS

SMALL

WINTER

WHITE

Calanthus nivalis 'Sandersii'

Late winter- and early spring¬
flowering bulb with narrowly strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal, gray-green
leaves. Flowers, 5 /s- 3 /4in (1.5-2cm) long,
are white with yellow patches at the
apex of each inner petal. H 4in (10cm),
S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

A ® Z3-8 H8-i

Cyclamen coum f. albissimum

Winter-flowering tuber with rounded,
deep green leaves, sometimes silver-
patterned. Carries white flowers, each
with a maroon mark at the mouth.

H to 4in (10cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm).

428 ... _

I 6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Calanthus nivalis 'Scharlockii'

Vigorous, late winter- and early
spring-flowering bulb with semierect,
basal, gray-green leaves. Has white
flowers, with green marks at the apex
of inner petals, overtopped by 2 narrow
spathes that resemble donkeys' ears.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

#•- 4 ® Z3—8 H8-1

Calanthus woronowii

Late winter- to early spring-flowering
bulb with inversely lance-shaped, semi¬
erect, basal, glossy to matt, dark to mid¬
green leaves. Produces white flowers,
%-lin (2-2.5cm) long, with a green mark
at the apex of each inner petal. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

6 Z4-7 H7-4

Calanthus rizehensis

Late winter- and early spring-flowering
bulb with very narrow, strap-shaped,
semierect, basal, dark green leaves.
Produces white flowers, 5 /s- 3 /4in (1.5-2cm)
long, with a green patch at the apex
of each inner petal. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S 2in (5cm).

A Z3-9 H9-1

Cyclamen coum Pewter Group
'Maurice Dryden'

Winter- to early spring-flowering tuber
with rounded, silver leaves edged dark
green. Produces a succession of white
flowers, occasionally pink-flushed, with
dark purple-pink mouths. H and S 4-5in
(10-12cm).

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

YELLOW

PINK

Cyclamen coum Pewter Group

Winter- to early spring-flowering tuber
with rounded, dark green-margined,
silvery-green leaves, each with a
variable-sized, dark green center.
Produces a succession of flowers in
shades of pink with dark purple-pink
mouths. H and S 4-5in (10-12cm).

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

Era nth is hyemalis (Winter aconite)

Clump-forming tuber. Bears stalkless,
cup-shaped, yellow flowers, %-lin
(2-2.5cm) across, from late winter to
early spring. A dissected, leaflike bract
forms a ruff beneath each bloom.

H 2-4in (5-1 Ocm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

6 ® Z4-9 H9-1

Cyclamen coum

Winter-flowering tuber with rounded
leaves, plain deep green or silver-
patterned. Produces bright carmine
flowers with dark stains at mouths.

H to 4in (10cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm).

Cyclamen persicum

Winter- or spring-flowering tuber with
heart-shaped leaves, marked light and
dark green and silver. Bears fragrant,
slender, white or pink flowers, l^-l^in
(3-4cm) long and stained carmine at
mouths. H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Min. 41^5°F (5-7°C).

6 ® Z5-9 H9-5

0 6 ® H6-1

Lachenalia aloides 'Nelsonii'

Winter- to spring-flowering bulb

with 2 strap-shaped, purple-spotted,
semierect, basal leaves. Has a spike of
10-20 pendent, tubular, green-tinged,
bright yellow flowers, PAin (3cm) long.
H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Lachenalia aloides var. quadricolor

Winter- to spring-flowering bulb

with 2 strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Has a spike of 10-20 purplish-
red buds opening to greenish-yellow
or -orange flowers. H 6-1 Oin (15-25cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm).

0 6 Zll Hll-10

&: 6 Zll Hll-10

429

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BULBS

WATER AND
BOG PLANTS

The sound and reflective qualities of water have long been used
to animate garden designs, and whether tiny or large, formal or
informal, every garden has space for a water feature. A pond,
pool, or container also greatly extends the range of plants that
you can grow. They are classified according to the depth of water
required for them to thrive, and include deep-water aquatics,
marginal plants, and moisture-lovers or bog plants. Together,
they offer a succession of interest, providing a diversity of
foliage, form, and flower color. Informal ponds with sloping
sides and richly planted banks will also attract a wide range
of wildlife, including frogs, toads, and birds.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

Still or moving water reflects light and adds a dynamic quality to garden
designs. It also greatly extends the range of plants that you can grow,
with aquatic and moisture-loving types injecting color, texture, and
form into water features. They also provide excellent wildlife habitat.

What are water plants?

The broad definition of water plants
includes all plants that grow rooted,
submerged, or floating in water. They
are further subdivided into deep-water
aquatics, surface- or free-floating plants,
marginals, and bog or moisture-loving
plants, depending on the depth of water
they require.

Water plants are grown for their beauty
and ornamental value, but when a wide
range of plants are grown together, they
also create a healthy ecosystem that
maintains the quality of the water in a
feature or pond. A balanced range of plants
will regulate the levels of light, oxygen, and
nutrients, helping to keep the water clear.

Submerged plants like hornwort
(Ceratophyllum demersum) are known
as "oxygenators." These purify the water
by using up nutrients and excluding light,
which prevents algal growth. Surface-
floaters, such as water hyacinths ( Eichhornia
crassipes), also absorb dissolved nutrients.
Deep-water plants, including water lilies
[Nymphaea), root at the bottom of ponds,
while their flowers and leaves shade the
surface, again helping to prevent the growth
of algae. The roots of marginal plants are
submerged, but their top growth is visible
above the water, providing shelter for fish,
amphibians, and other wildlife.

Ornamental planting

To maximize the planting potential of
your pond, create areas at varying depths
to accommodate different types. Begin
planting at the center of your pond, using
deep-water plants, such as Cape pondweed
[Aponogeton distachyos) with its white
flowers that pop up at the surface, and the
floating water soldier ( Stratiotes abides),
which has spiky leaves; both require a
depth of about 24-36in (60-90cm). (See

ABOVE Patio feature

Tiny but perfectly formed, this patio water feature,
fringed by ferns, supports flowering irises and arum
lilies. Flow from a pump helps to oxygenate the water.

box below for details on plant depths.)

Most water lilies need to root at depths
of 12-36in (30-100cm), depending on the
species or cultivar. Dwarf water lilies, such
as Nymphaea tetragona or slender water
irises [Iris laevigata) are good choices for

PLANTING DEPTHS

A pond with a range of planting depths allows you to grow a wide range
of plants. Place plants at their appropriate depths, measured from the
top of the soil in their containers to the water surface. Support young deep

water aquatics on bricks and lower them to their final depth as they grow.
Fill the pool a few days before planting to allow the water to reach the air
temperature and become populated with beneficial microorganisms.

432

Deep-water aquatic plants
root at the bottom of
the pond.

Oxygenators root at the
bottom of the pond or
float freely in the water.

Bog plants are
planted deeply in

Marginal plants
grow in shallow
water edges.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

a small pond or water feature. Marginal
plants thrive in shallow water. Many are
planted just below the surface, while water
irises prefer a depth of about 6in (15cm)
and pickerel weeds ( Pontederia ) like their
roots submerged to a depth of 12in (30cm).

Marginals help to disguise liners at the
edges of ponds, create reflections, and
provide wildlife cover. They have a range
of habits, from the bog bean ( Menyanthes
trifoliata ) with its clusters of white flowers
in spring, to the flowering rush ( Butomus
umbellatus ) with its umbels of small pink
flowers, and the large, calla-like blooms
of skunk cabbages ( Lysichiton ). Larger
areas can be enhanced by bold clumps
of cattails ( Typha latifolia), while
architectural plants such as Pontederia
cordata provide focal points with their
leaves and flower spikes.

The damp areas around the edges of
a pond provide ideal conditions for bog
natives and moisture-lovers. In very wet
bogs, marginals will survive, but in drier
conditions, opt for moisture-lovers. Bog
gardens must have either drainage or water
flowing through them to provide oxygen
for the plant roots.

Designing with
water plants

Every garden has space for a water feature
and its associated plants, but match your
plants to the size and design of your pond.
Informal pools have sloping sides and
boggy banks to attract birds, amphibians,
and small mammals that prey on garden
pests. In winter, water that is more than
24in (60cm) deep will help creatures
survive freezing temperatures. The great

advantage of an informal pool is that it offers
versatility: its sinuous margins are longer than
straight-sided ponds of a similar size, and the
sloping banks provide a range of planting
depths, increasing your choice of plants.

In small gardens, avoid vigorously
spreading plants, such as the flag iris
(Ms pseudacorus) or Glyceria maxima.

For architectural plants for bogs, try
Filipendula camtschatica and Miscanthus
sacchariflorus. Astilbes, trollius, primulas,
and ferns provide color around the edges.

Seasonal care

In fall, cut away dead foliage, trim over¬
sized plants, and remove weeds. It is also
a good idea to place a net over ponds close
to deciduous trees, as the fallen leaves can

ABOVE Marginal planting

The curving edges of an informal pool offer ideal
conditions for marginals such as Pontederia cordata
and Sagittaria latifolia. Marginals disguise plastic
liners and provide shelter for wildlife.

foul the water. Aim to reach a balance, so
that rotting vegetation releases enough
nutrition for next year's growth, but not
so much as to encourage algae.

Water plants are best divided and
repotted in spring as they start into growth.
Keep planting baskets weeded, removing
annual weed seedlings as they appear, as
well as surplus water-plant seedlings. This
task can be eased by deadheading the
plants after flowering. Small ponds and
water features will also need topping off
in summer, using rainwater if possible.

PLANTING A POND

Submerged plants are planted in baskets rather than pots, using aquatic
potting mix. Carden soil is unsuitable because it often contains nutrients
that encourage the growth of algae. When choosing plants, look for healthy

specimens that are free of algae and pond weeds. All submerged plants,
such as water lilies and oxygenators, can be planted in the same way. Lift
them from the pond for dividing and repotting every two or three years.

Established water lily pond

I Use a pond basket

Choose a pond basket with small
holes to prevent soil from leaking out
into the water. Place a layer of aquatic
potting mix in the bottom.

2 Position the plant

Remove the plant from its pot and
put it in the center of the basket at the
same level. Fill around the plant with
more potting mix, firming as you go.

3 Mulch with gravel

Clean any algae or duckweed
from the plant's leaves and stems.
Wash some pea gravel and apply a
thin layer to stabilize the soil surface.

433

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

434

WHITE

Menyanthes trifoliata (Bog bean)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with 3-parted, green leaves on
floating, spreading stems. To control, cut
off extremities and replant. The fringed,
white flowers open from cerise buds in
early spring. H 9in (23cm), S indefinite.

0 4 Z4—8 H8-1

Lysichiton camtschatcensis

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal
water or bog plant. Pure white spathes,
surrounding spikes of small, insignificant
flowers, are borne in spring, before
large, oblong to oval, bright green leaves
emerge. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

0 4 ® Z5-9 H9-1

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Frogbit)

Deciduous, perennial, floating water
plant with rosettes of kidney-shaped,
olive-green leaves and small, white
flowers during summer. Dormant buds
can be eaten by fish in winter, so move
a few plantlets to a protected place.

S 4-39in (10-100cm).

0 4 Z6—11 Hll-7

Calla palustris (Bog arum)

Deciduous or semievergreen,
perennial, spreading, marginal water
plant with heart-shaped, glossy, mid-
to dark green leaves. In spring produces
large, white spathes usually followed
by red or orange fruits. H lOin (25cm),

S 12in (30cm).

4 ® Z4-8 H8-i

Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf
arrowhead, Duck potato, Wapato)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with curved, soft green leaves and
sprays of white flowers in summer. It
can be invasive, so confine it in a basket.
H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).

4 Z5-11 H12-5

Alisma plantago-aquatica

(Water plantain)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with upright, oval, bright green
leaves held well above water. Bears
loose, conical panicles of small, pinkish
to white flowers in summer. May be
invasive. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 4 Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Saururus cernuus (Lizard's tail)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
or bog plant. Has clumps of heart-
shaped, mid-green leaves and racemes
of creamy flowers in summer. It can
become invasive. In small ponds and
water features keep this confined in
a basket. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 4 Z5—10 H10-5

Astilboides tabularis

Deciduous, clump-forming
perennial, bog plant with rounded,
mid-green leaves, 3ft (lm) across.

In mid-summer produces plumelike
panicles of numerous, tiny, white
flowers. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m).

Acorus calamus 'Argenteostriatus'

Semievergreen, perennial, marginal
water plant. Swordlike, tangerine-

scented, mid-green leaves have cream
variegation and are flushed rose-pink
in spring. Increase by division in mid¬
spring. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).

4 zio-n hi i -2

Aponogeton distachyos

(Cape pondweed, Water hawthorn)

Deciduous, perennial, deep-water
plant with floating, oblong, mid- to dark
green leaves, often splashed with purple.
Very fragrant, "forked," white flowers
are borne throughout summer, often
into winter. S 4ft (1.2m).

Caltha leptosepala

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with heart-shaped, dark green
leaves and buttercup-like, white
flowers produced in late spring and
early summer. Increase by division
in mid-spring. H and S 12in (30cm).

<k Z5-7 H7-5

4 Z9—10 HI 1-10

4 Z5-8 H8-5

Hottonia palustris (Water violet)

Deciduous, perennial, submerged water
plant. Dense whorls of much-divided,
light green leaves form a spreading
mass of foliage. Lilac or whitish flowers
appear above water surface in summer.
Helps to suppress algae. Increase by
division. S indefinite.

4 Z5—li hiia

Acorus gramineus 'Variegatus'

Semievergreen, perennial, marginal or
submerged water plant. Narrow, stiff,
grasslike leaves are dark green with
cream variegation. Other cultivars with
different colored foliage are available.
Useful for patio ponds. H lOin (25cm),

S 6in (15cm).

0 4 Z10-11 Hll-2

Stratiotes abides (Water soldier)

Semievergreen, perennial, submerged,
free-floating water plant. Spiny,
olive-green leaves are arranged in
rosettes. Produces cup-shaped, white,
sometimes pink-tinged flowers in
summer. Increases by producing
small water buds. S 12in (30cm).

0 4 Z5—11 H12-5

435

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WHITE

Aruncus dioicus (Goat's beard)

Hummock-forming perennial carrying
large leaves with lance-shaped leaflets
on tall stems and above them, in
mid-summer, branching plumes of
tiny, creamy-white flowers. H 6ft (2m),
S 4ft (1.2m).

0 6 Z3-7 H7-1

Schoenoplectus lacustris
subsp. tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'

Evergreen, spreading, perennial sedge
with leafless stems, striped horizontally
with white, and brown spikelets in
summer. Withstands brackish water.

H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.

Arundo donax var. versicolor

Herbaceous, rhizomatous, perennial
grass with strong stems bearing broad,
creamy-white-striped leaves. May bear
dense, erect panicles of whitish-yellow
spikelets in late summer. H 8-10ft
(2.5-3m), S 2ft (60cm).

Clyceria maxima 'Variegata'

Herbaceous, spreading, perennial
grass with cream-striped leaves, often
tinged pink at the base. Bears open
panicles of greenish spikelets in summer.
H 30in (80cm), S indefinite.

Z4-9 H10-3

Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet)

Deciduous, perennial, bog plant
with plumelike spikes of creamy-
white flowers in mid-summer. Leafy
stems bear divided, mid-green leaves.
Self-seeds quite vigorously. H 3ft (lm),
S 24in (60cm).

436

£>:- 4 Z6-9 H9-6

0 A Z7-9 HU-1

6 Z5-9 H9-i

Leucojum aestivum

(Summer snowflake)

Spring-flowering bulb with long,
strap-shaped, semi-erect, basal leaves.
Bears heads of pendent, long-stalked,
bell-shaped, green-tipped, white flowers
on leafless stems. H 114-3ft (50cm-lm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm).

A Z3-9 H9-1

Rodgersia podophylla

Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
with large, many-veined leaves that are
bronze when young and later become
mid-green, then copper-tinted. Panicles
of creamy-white flowers are borne well
above foliage in summer. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm).

A Z5-8 H8-5

Trollius x cultorum 'Alabaster'

Clump-forming perennial producing
rounded, yellowish-white flowers in
spring. These emerge from a basal mass
of rounded, deeply divided, mid-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

A Z5-8 H8-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Zantedeschia aethiopica
'Crowborough'

Early to mid-summer-flowering
tuber with arrow-shaped, semi-erect,
basal, deep green leaves. Produces a
succession of arum-like, white spathes,
each with a yellow spadix. H 18-36in
(45cm-90cm), S 14-18in (35-45cm).

Rhynchospora colorata

Slow-growing, deciduous, spreading,
perennial, marginal water plant or bog
plant with pointed, green-tipped, white
bracts surrounding an inconspicuous
flower head in late summer. Has
linear, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves.
H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.

0 6 ® Z8-10 H10-4

0 4 Z7-10 H12-7

Sanguisorba canadensis

(Canadian burnet)

Clump-forming perennial. In late
summer bears slightly pendent spikes
of bottlebrush-like, white flowers on
stems that arise from toothed, divided,
mid-green leaves. H 4-6ft (1.2-2m),

S 2ft (60cm).

0 4 Z3-8 H8-1

Iris laevigata 'Rowden Starlight'

Deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plant with single, white flowers
in late spring and early summer.
Leaves are linear, smooth and mid¬
green. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

Rodgersia sambucifolia

Deciduous, clump-forming, perennial,
bog plant with emerald-green leaves,
sometimes bronze-tinged, divided into
large, lobed leaflets. Bears broad spires
of creamy-white flowers in summer.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

Rodgersia aesculifolia

Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial
that is excellent for a bog garden or
pond margin. In mid-summer, plumes
of fragrant, pinkish-white flowers rise
from crinkled, bronze foliage like that of
a horse-chestnut tree. H and S 3ft (lm).

0 A Z5-8 H8-i

Lysimacbia clethroides

Vigorous, clump-forming, spreading

perennial carrying spikes of small, white
flowers above mid-green foliage in late
summer. H 3ft (lm), S 2-3ft (60cm-lm).

Anemone rivularis

Perennial with stiff, free-branching
stems bearing delicate, cup-shaped,
white flowers in summer above
deeply divided, dark green leaves.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 4 ® Z3-9 H9-i

0 6 Z5-8 H8-5

0 4 Z4—9 H9-1

0 6 © Z6-8 H8-6

437

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

PINK

Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred lotus)

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal

water plant. Sturdy stems carry very
large, platelike, blue-green leaves
and, in summer, large, vivid rose-pink
flowers, maturing to flesh-pink. Grow
under glass. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m) above
water, S 4ft (1.2m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Darmera peltata (Umbrella plant)

Spreading perennial with large, rounded
leaves. Has clusters of white or pale pink
flowers in spring on white-haired stems
before foliage appears. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),
S 24in (60cm).

Cardamine raphanifolia

Deciduous, almost evergreen, perennial,
bog plant with panicles of dark lilac
flowers in late spring. Mid-green leaves
are divided into oval to rounded leaflets.
Self-seeds readily. H 20in (50cm),

S 8in (20cm).

Iris versicolor 'Rowden Cadenza'

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant or bog plant with single, white
flowers heavily veined cerise, borne
in late spring and early summer.

Has linear, erect to slightly arching,
mid-green leaves. H 30in (75cm),

S 18in (45cm).

-£>•- 4 Z4-11 HI 1-3

0 A Z5—9 H9-5

6 Z3-9 H9-1

-:o:- 4 ® Z3-9 H9-i

Butomus umbellatus (Flowering rush)

Deciduous, perennial, rushlike,
marginal water plant with narrow,
twisted, mid-green leaves and umbels
of pink to rose-red flowers in summer.

H 3ft (lm), S mft (45cm).

-£>•- 4 Z3-11 H8-5

438

Cardamine pratensis (Lady's smock)

Deciduous, clump-forming, perennial,
marginal water plant or bog plant with
dense panicles of single or double, lilac
or white flowers in spring. Has rosettes
of glossy, dark green leaves divided
into rounded leaflets. H 18in (45cm),

S 6in (15cm).

A Z5-8 H8-5

Filipendula rubra
(Queen of the prairie)

Vigorous, upright perennial with large,
jagged leaves and feathery plumes of
tiny, soft pink flowers on tall, branching
stems in mid-summer. Will rapidly
colonize a boggy site. H 6-8ft (2-2.5m),
S 4ft (1.2m).

4 Z3-9 H9-1

Chelone obliqua (Turtlehead)

Upright perennial that bears terminal
spikes of hooded, lilac-pink flowers in
late summer and fall. Leaves are dark
green and lance-shaped. H 3ft (lm),

S 20in (50cm).

A Z3-9 H9-3

Liatris spicata

Clump-forming perennial. In late
summer bears spikes of crowded,
rose-purple flower heads on stiff
stems that arise from basal tufts of
grassy, mid-green foliage. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm).

6 Z4—9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

RED

Rheum palmatum 'Atrosanguineum'

Clump-forming perennial with very

large, lobed, deeply cut leaves that are
deep red-purple when young. Bears
large, fluffy panicles of crimson flowers
in early summer. H and S 6ft (2m).

Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal flower)

Deciduous, perennial, bog plant with
narrowly lance-shaped, fresh green
leaves. Produces spires of 2-lipped,
brilliant scarlet flowers in summer.

H 30in (75cm), S 9in (23in).

Astilbe 'Fanal'

Leafy perennial with strong stems. In
summer bears neat, tapering, feathery
panicles of tiny, crimson-red flowers
that turn brown and keep their shape
in winter. Broad leaves are divided into
leaflets. Prefers rich soil. H 24in (60cm),
S to 36in (90cm).

A Z3-8 H8-2

Lobelia 'Cherry Ripe'

Clump-forming perennial bearing
spikes of cerise-scarlet flowers from
mid- to late summer. Leaves, usually
fresh green, are often tinged red-
bronze. H 3ft (lm), S 9in (23cm).

0 6 ® Z5-9 H9-1

A ® Z2-8 H8-1

0 6 ® Z3-8 H8-1

Ceum coccineum

Clump-forming perennial with
irregularly lobed leaves, above which
rise slender, branching, hairy stems
bearing single, orange flowers with
prominent, yellow stamens in summer.
H and S 12in (30cm).

6 Z5-8 H8-5

Iris fulva

Rhizomatous, beardless iris. In late
spring or summer produces a slender.

slightly branched stem with 4-6
(occasionally more) copper- or
orange-red flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm)
across, with 2 flowers per leaf axil.
H 18-32in (45-80cm), S indefinite.

A ® Z6-9 Z9-6

Sarracenia purpurea (Common
pitcher plant, Huntsman's cup)

Evergreen, erect to semi-prostrate,
rosette-forming perennial. Inflated,
green pitchers are tinged purple-red.
In spring, 5-petaled, purple flowers
are borne above. H 12in (30cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Min. 41 °F (5°C ).

A Z2-9 H9-1

439

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER LILIES

These beautiful plants are often the focal point in a pond
or water feature, be it naturalistic or formal. The leaves
and flowers float on the surface, helping to control algae
and providing cover for fish and wildlife. There are nearly
400 species and selections available, with flower colors
in shades of white, yellow, pink, and red. Blue water lilies
are not hardy in frost-prone climates. Lilies vary in size,
and include miniature types that spread up to 24in (60cm)
in diameter and need a water depth of just 8in (20cm);
medium lilies, ranging from 3 to 5ft (1-1.5m); and large
types that extend 5-12ft (1.5-4m) or more—these require
a water depth of 24in (60cm) or more. All water lilies
thrive in full sun and must be grown in still water. For
more details, see the Plant Dictionary.

N. 'Froebelii' [medium]

N. Laydekeri Croup 'Fulgens' N. 'Blue Beauty' [tropical]
[medium]

N. 'James Brydon' [medium]

N. 'American Star' [large] N. 'Rose Arey' [medium] N. 'Black Princess' [medium]

N. odorata var. minor [medium]

N. 'Helvola' [miniature]

N. Marliacea Group
'Chromatella' [large]

'Attraction' [large]

N. 'Lemon Chiffon' [medium]

N. 'Firecrest'

N. Marliacea Group 'Albida' [large]

N. 'Sunrise' [medium]

N. 'Escarboucle' [large]

#

•

r

\4k\

N. 'Gonnere' [large]

N. tetragona 'Alba' [miniature]

4 mA 1

> 11 * 1

E V

BLUE

Mimulus ringens

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant or bog plant with snapdragon¬
like, mauve-blue flowers borne in
the leaf axils on tall stems from early
to mid-summer. Has lance-shaped to
narrowly oblong, toothed, mid-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 6in (15cm).

4 Z4-9 H9-4

Eichhomia crassipes (Water hyacinth)

Fully- or semievergreen, perennial
water plant with glossy leaves and air-
filled stalks. Bears spikes of blue-lilac
flowers in summer in warmer climates
but may be invasive. Ideal for indoor
pools. S 9in (23cm). Min. 34°F (1°C).

0 4 Z9-11 Hll-1

Iris ensata (Japanese iris)

Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.
Branched stem produces 3-15 purple
or red-purple flowers, 3-6in (8-15cm)
across, with a yellow blaze on each fall,
from early to mid-summer. Many garden
forms, including doubles and bicolors.

H 2-3ft (60-90cm), S indefinite.

Iris setosa (Bristle-pointed iris)

Rhizomatous, beardless iris, very variable
in stature. Bears 2-13 deep blue or
purple-blue flowers, 2-3in (5-8cm) across,
from each spathe in late spring and early
summer. Falls have paler blue or white
marks; each standard is reduced to a
bristle. H 4-36in (10-90cm), S indefinite.

Pontederia cordata (Pickerel weed)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant. In late summer, dense spikes
of blue flowers emerge between
lance-shaped, glossy, dark green leaves.
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

4 ® Z3-9 H9-1

4 ® Z3-8 H8-1

4 Z3-ii hi l-i

Iris sibirica (Siberian iris)

Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
From late spring to early summer, a
branched stem bears 2 or 3 dark-veined,
blue or blue-purple flowers, 2-4in
(5-10cm) across, from each spathe.

H 20-48in (50-120cm), S indefinite.

4 ® Z3-8 H9-i

Lobelia siphilitica
(Blue cardinal flower)

Clump-forming perennial with narrowly
oval, green leaves. Racemes of 2-lipped,
blue flowers are produced in late
summer and fall. H 3ft (lm), S 9in (23cm).

6 Z4-8 H8-i

Myosotis scorpioides 'Mermaid'
(Water forget-me-not)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant for mud or very shallow water.
Narrow, mid-green leaves form
sprawling mounds. Bears small, blue,
forget-me-not flowers during summer.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

0 4 Z5-9 H9-5

441

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

BLUE

Iris versicolor (Blue flag, Wild iris)

Robust rhizomatous, beardless iris.
Branched stem produces 3-5 or more

purple-blue, reddish-purple, lavender
or slate-purple flowers, 2-4in (5-1 Ocm)
across, from early to mid-summer. Falls
usually have a central white area veined
purple. H 8-32in (20-80cm).

GREEN

Typha latifolia (Cattail)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with large clumps of mid-green
foliage. Produces spikes of beige flowers
in late summer, followed by decorative,
dark brown seed heads. Invasive.
Smaller species available. H to 8ft (2.5m),
S 2ft (60cm).

Pistia stratiotes (Water lettuce)

Deciduous, perennial, floating water
plant for a pool or aquarium, evergreen
in tropical conditions. Hairy, soft green
foliage is lettuce-like in arrangement.
Does not survive outdoors in cooler
climates. Replace annually. H and S
4in (10cm). Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 4 Z9-ii Hii-4

Trapa natans (Water chestnut)

Annual, floating water plant with
diamond-shaped, mid-green leaves,
often marked purple, arranged in
rosettes. Bears white flowers in summer.
In cooler climates it will not survive the
winter. Replace annually. S 9in (23cm).

0 4 ® Z3-9 H9-1

0 4 Z2-12 H12-1

0 4 Z14-15 H12-1

Veronica beccabunga (Brooklime)

Usually evergreen, marginal water plant
with creeping, hollow, fleshy stems and
rounded, mid-green leaves. Bears blue
flowers with white centers from late
spring to late summer. Grow in wet soil
or water to 5in (12cm) deep. Invasive.

H 4in (10cm) S indefinite.

442 ...

I -:0; 4 Z5-U H12-5

Iris laevigata 'Weymouth Midnight'

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with double, deep blue flowers
in late spring and early summer.

Has linear, smooth, mid-green leaves.
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 4 ® Z3-9 H9-1

Potamogeton crispus
(Curled pondweed)

Deciduous, perennial, submerged water
plant that produces spreading colonies
of seaweed-like, bronze-or mid-green
foliage. Insignificant flowers are borne
in summer. Prefers cool water. Helps
to keep the water clear. S indefinite.

0 4 Z7-11 HU-7

Sparganium erectum

(Branched bur reed)

Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen,
perennial, marginal water plant with
narrow, mid-green leaves. Bears small,
greenish-brown burs in summer. In
small to medium ponds, control
in a basket. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).

0 4 Z5-9 H9-5

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Typha minima

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with grasslike leaves. Spikes
of rust-brown flowers in late summer
are succeeded by decorative, black,
cylindrical seed heads. Confine in
a basket to keep under control.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Cunnera manicata

Architectural perennial with rounded,
prickly-edged leaves, to 5ft (1.5m) across.
Has conical, light green flower spikes
in early summer, followed by orange-
brown seed pods. Needs mulch cover
for crowns in winter and a sheltered site.
H 6ft (2m), S 7ft (2.2m).

£>:- 4 Z3-ii Hi2-i

Myriophyllum verticillatum
(Whorled water milfoil)

Deciduous, perennial, spreading,
submerged water plant, overwintering
by club-shaped winter buds. Slender
stems are covered with whorls of finely
divided, olive-green leaves. An excellent
water conditioner. S indefinite.

0 6 Z7-10 HI 1-7

Peltandra virginica

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with arrow-shaped, glossy, dark
green leaves, lOin (25cm) long. Produces
an inconspicuous, green spathe with
a paler green spadix in late summer.

H and S 24in (60cm).

Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive fern)

Deciduous, creeping fern with
handsome, arching, almost triangular,
divided, fresh pale green fronds, often
suffused pinkish-brown in spring. In
fall, fronds turn an attractive yellowish-
brown. H and S 18in (45cm).

0 4 Z3-11 Hll-1

4 Z5—9 H9-5

# 4 Z4—9 H9-1

Matteuccia struthiopteris

(Ostrich fern)

Deciduous, rhizomatous fern. Lance¬
shaped, erect, divided fronds are
arranged like a shuttlecock; outermost,
fresh green, sterile fronds surround
denser, dark brown, fertile fronds.

H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm).

4 Z2-8 H8-1

Osmunda regalis (Royal fern)

Deciduous fern with elegant, broadly
oval to oblong, divided, bright green
fronds, pinkish when young. Mature
plants bear tassel-like, rust-brown
fertile flower spikes at ends of taller
fronds. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).

4 z2-io H9-i

443

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

YELLOW

Houttuynia cordata 'Chameleon'

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial,
groundcover, marginal water plant.
Aromatic, leathery leaves are splashed
yellow and red. Has small sprays of
white flowers in summer. Needs some
sun to enhance variegation. Potentially
invasive. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.

4 Z5-11 hi l-i

Lysichiton americanus

(Yellow skunk cabbage)

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial, marginal
water or bog plant. In spring, before
large, fresh green leaves appear,
produces showy, bright yellow spathes.
Avoid planting it near streams, as it
spreads rapidly. H 3ft (lm), S 2.5ft (75cm).

Ranunculus lingua

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant with sturdy stems and lance¬
shaped, glaucous leaves. Clusters of
yellow flowers are borne in late spring.
Increase by division in March. Spreads
rapidly. Confine to a basket in smaller
ponds. H 3ft (90cm), S lVfcft (45cm).

Caltha palustris (Marsh marigold)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant that has rounded, dark green
leaves and bears clusters of cup-shaped,
bright golden-yellow flowers in spring.
There are several varieties available.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

4 Z3-7 H7-1

Orontium aquaticum (Golden club)

Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant
or, less suitably, marginal water plant.

In spring, pencil-like, gold-and-white
flower spikes emerge from floating,
oblong, blue-gray or blue-green leaves.
Needs a large basket. Increase by
division or seed. S 24in (60cm).

-£>•- 4 ® Z7-9 H9-7

0 4 ® Z5-9 H9-1

4 Z6-10 H10-4

444

Caltha palustris 'Plena'

Deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plant with rounded, dark green
leaves. Bears clusters of double,
bright golden-yellow flowers in
spring. Increase by division in March.
H and S lOin (25cm).

Nymphoides peltata (Water fringe)

Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant
with floating, small, round, mid-green
leaves, often spotted and splashed with
brown. Produces small, fringed, yellow
flowers throughout summer. In smaller
ponds, keep under control in a basket.

S 24in (60cm).

Nuphar lutea (Yellow water lily)

Vigorous, deciduous, perennial,
deep-water plant for a large pool.
Mid-green leaves are leathery. Small,
sickly-smelling, bottle-shaped, yellow
flowers open in summer, followed by
decorative seed heads. Increase by
division in early spring. S 5ft (1.5m).

4 Z3-7 H7-1

0 4 Z6-11 Hll-6

4 Z3-9 H9-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Primula prolifera

Rosette-forming, evergreen.
Candelabra primula with bell-shaped,
yellow flowers borne in summer.
Leaves are oval, toothed and pale
green. H and S 24in (60cm).

0 A Z4-8 H8-1

Iris pseudacorus var. bastardii

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant or bog plant with single, pale
lemon-yellow flowers in late spring
and early summer. Leaves are broadly
linear, ridged and mid-green. H 3ft (lm),
S 24in (60cm).

Mimulus x hybridus (Monkey flower)

Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant or bog plant bearing snapdragon¬
like, yellow flowers, with red spots
in the throat, from midspring to summer.
Bears toothed, mid- to dark green
leaves. Self-seeds freely. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm).

-0- 6 Z9-io hio-i

Ligularia 'Britt Marie Crawford'

Clump-forming perennial with

heart-shaped, dark purple leaves
and stems. In mid-summer has sturdy
racemes of large, daisylike, orange
flower heads. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).

Ligularia przewalskii

Loosely clump-forming perennial
with stems clothed in deeply cut, round,
dark green leaves. Narrow spires of
small, daisylike, yellow flower heads
appear from mid- to late summer.

H 4-6ft (1.2-2m), S 3ft (lm).

0 4 ® Z5—8 H8-3

Primula florindae (Giant cowslip)

Bold, rosette-forming perennial
with broadly lance-shaped, toothed,
mid-green leaves. In summer produces
large heads of pendent, bell-shaped,
sulfur-yellow flowers. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm).

0 A Z4—8 H8-1

Carex elata 'Aurea'

(Bowles' golden sedge)

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
sedge with golden-yellow leaves.
Solid, triangular stems bear blackish-
brown flower spikes in summer.

H to 16in (40cm), S 6in (15cm).

0 A Z4—8 H8-1

Sarracenia flava (Yellow pitcher plant)

Erect perennial with red-marked.

yellow-green pitchers (modified leaves)
that have hooded tops. From late spring
to early summer bears nodding, yellow
or greenish-yellow flowers. H and S 18in
(45cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Trollius europaeus (Globeflower)

Clump-forming perennial that in spring
bears rounded, lemon- to mid-yellow
flowers above deeply divided, mid-green
leaves. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

0 A Z3-8 H8-1

0 4 Z5-9 H9-3

-0 4 Z7-10 H10-7

0 A Z5-8 H8-5

445

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

WATER AND BOG PLANTS

TENDER AND
EXOTIC PLANTS

Tropical and subtropical regions are home to a huge range
of plants, each thriving in varying growing conditions. If you live
in these areas, you can grow tender plants outside and create
dramatic planting schemes with architectural forms and exotic
flowers. In temperate regions, grow these exotic plants either
under glass or indoors as houseplants. There is a wealth of form,
color, and texture available, from plants with handsome foliage
to those with beautiful blooms, including bougainvilleas and
peace lilies. Unlike those grown outside, indoor plants are not
subject to seasonal extremes, and many need relatively little
attention, apart from watering, fertilizing, and annual repotting.

TENDER AND
EXOTIC PLANTS

448

Gardeners have long been fascinated by tender and exotic plants that
bring color and interest from all corners of the world. In warmer regions
many of these can be grown in the garden, but in cooler areas they're
best treated as houseplants, at least for part of the year.

What are tender and
exotic plants?

This group of plants originate from many
parts of the world, including tropical and
subtropical areas, where they require
temperatures no lower than 34-64°F
(1-18°C), even in winter. Their specific
cultural demands vary between plants and
can be complex. In addition to warmth,
many also require high light levels, long
growing seasons, and often either very
arid or humid growing conditions. A small
few, including cacti and succulents, can
tolerate frost if kept dry, but most cannot.

Where the climate allows, tender and
exotic plants can be grown in the garden;
where it doesn't, they must be grown
indoors. The most tender plants require
permanent protection and are commonly
grown as houseplants, including flamingo

flower, Anthurium andraeanum, peace lily,
Spathiphyllum wallisii, and Madagascar
jasmine, Stephanotis floribunda. Other
plants are more robust and can spend
the summer in sheltered positions in the
garden, being brought back in before the
first frost. These include Banksia coccinea,
the Australian heath, Epracris impressa,
and king protea. Protea cynaroides.

Designing with
tender plants

The range of tender and exotic plants is
vast, and includes many with bold flowers,
attractive foliage, or an architectural habit.
With such a diverse variety to grow, they
are ideal for many different situations and
planting styles. In areas where they can be
grown outdoors all year, they can form the

mainstay of beds and borders, even entire
gardens, from jungle schemes to desert-
style borders. In cooler areas, where they
can only spend the warm summer months
outside, they can still play a prominent role.
Pot-grown plants like Agave americana,
Ensete ventricosum, and even the bird of
paradise, Strelitzia reginae, for example, will
all give a dramatic but temporary display in
the garden, or on a deck or roof terrace.

Indoors, tender and exotic plants can be
put to many uses, from statement plants
in grand reception rooms, and year-round
greenery in conservatory planters, to lone
windowsill potted plants for seasonal color.

BELOW Dramatic foliage

The Japanese sago palm (Cycas revoluta ) is one of
many tender shrubs that can be enjoyed indoors
during winter, but can be put outside for summer.

It is grown for its sculptural foliage and habit.

ABOVE Exotic flowers for indoors

Frangipani (Plumeria rubra ) is famed for its rich scent
and must be grown permanently in a large heated
conservatory, where it can become very large. It needs
a minimum winter temperature of 50°F (10°C).

ABOVE Conservatory climber

Bougainvillea is a vigorous shrubby climber in warmer
climates. It needs a minimum temperature of 45°F
(7°C), and must be treated as a large conservatory
plant in cooler areas.

TENDER AND EXOTIC PLANTS

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

When choosing and positioning tender
plants indoors, consider the conditions they
require. Light levels may be poor, even near
windows, and air-conditioning and central
heating can create a dry atmosphere, which
many plants dislike. Another consideration
is how large the plants will become;
many exotic plants commonly grown as
houseplants, such as Swiss-cheese plant,
Monstera deliciosa, and Bougainvillea,
occupy considerable space over time,
although they can be pruned and trained.

Caring for tender plants

Tender and exotic plants, like any other
garden plant, all have their preferred
growing conditions, so consider your site,
soil, and exposure carefully when planting
outdoors. This is even more important
when growing them indoors as the plants
are reliant on you for their care. The best
approach is to try to mirror their natural
conditions as closely as possible, providing
the same degree of heat, light, shade,
humidity, and ventilation. It is also very

LEFT In a natural setting

In their native hot, dry climates, cacti and other
succulents can achieve spectacular dimensions. Even
in cooler temperate gardens they can still make a bold
impression, but they must be brought in for the winter
and repositioned outside again each summer.

important to observe their natural growing
seasons by fertilizing and watering them
more frequently when they're in growth,
less so, if at all, when they are dormant.

Heated conservatories and greenhouses
provide the best indoor habitat for most
tender plants, although many also thrive in
houses. The care they require depends on
the plant, but as a guide, position sun-loving
plants near the windows, shade-lovers
farther away, and maintain high humidity
levels by standing your plants on trays of
moist gravel and misting them regularly.
Some plants, such as moth orchids,
Phalaenopsis, require good light but not
direct sunlight. This can be achieved by
positioning them by a north-facing window,
or on a shelf close to a bright window. Also
watch out for pests, which can flourish in
the favorable conditions you provide.

Finding areas that provide optimal
growing conditions for houseplants
indoors can be difficult, so it is worth
making best use of them where they occur.
A good approach is to plant "community
planters" and grow plants that enjoy
similar conditions together in a single
container. This is ideal for sun-loving cacti,
as well as epiphytic orchids and bromeliads
that need high humidity, and insectivorous
plants that prefer very moist soil.

MAKING AN ORCHID PLANTER

Orchids, such as Colmanara Masai gx 'Red', all require particular conditions
to perform at their best. Where you have a suitable spot indoors, take full
advantage of it and position two or more plants in the same container, at

least while they're in flower. This will serve as a temporary community-
planter, which will benefit the plants, and also create a more attractive
display than growing them as individual specimens.

The completed planter

I Make a base

Fill the base of a large, plastic-
lined container with clay pebbles
to hold the orchids in place, and to
provide drainage and humidity. In a
permanent community planter, you
should use a suitable planting mix.

2 Position the plants

Place the orchids into the container,
making sure the top of their pots sit just
below the rim. Make sure the plants are
upright and facing the right direction,
before adding more pebbles to hold
the plants in place.

3 Dress the top

Add a layer of moss or decorative
material around the orchids to disguise
the pots underneath. This will also
help maintain humidity, although if
you use natural moss, it will need to
be sprayed regularly to keep it healthy.

449

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND
EXOTIC PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER TREES

WHITE

PINK

Syzygium paniculatum
(Australian brush cherry)

Evergreen tree with glossy leaves,
coppery when young. Has creamy-
white flowers, with reddish sepals,
and fragrant, rose-purple fruits.

H 30ft (10m) or more, S 10-30ft
(3-10m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Agonis flexuosa

(Peppermint tree, Willow myrtle)

Evergreen, weeping tree. Aromatic,
lance-shaped, leathery leaves are
bronze-red when young. In spring-
summer, mature trees bear masses of
small, white flowers. H 20-40ft (6-12m),
S 15-30ft (5-10m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z10 HI 1-6

Dombeya x cayeuxii (Pink snowball)

Evergreen, bushy tree with rounded,
toothed, hairy leaves to 8in (20cm) long.
Pink flowers appear in pendent, ball¬
like clusters in winter or spring.

H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 6-1 Oft (2-3m).

Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

Metrosideros excelsa (New Zealand
Christmas tree, Pohutukawa)

Evergreen, wide-spreading tree.

Oval, gray-green leaves are white felted
beneath. Bears showy tufts of crimson
stamens in winter. H to 70ft (20m),

S 30-70ft (10-20m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

■-0 6 Hll-10

6 zn Hii-io

Chorisia speciosa (Floss silk tree)

Fast-growing, deciduous tree, the
trunk and branches studded with
thick, conical thorns. Pink to burgundy
flowers appear as indented, light green
leaves fall. H 50ft (15m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 Z10-11 H12-1

6 Hll-10

6 E5 mi-8

450 - A ^

I --Q:- 6 ® zn hii-io

0 £> ® Zio-ll Hll-10

0 6 Hll-10

6 eU ® zio-ii hii-io

Ficus elastica 'Doescheri'

(Rubber plant)

Strong-growing, evergreen, upright
then spreading tree with oblong to
oval, leathery, lustrous, deep green
leaves, patterned with gray-green,
yellow and white. H 100-200ft (30-60m),
S 70-200ft (20-60m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Ficus benjamina 'Variegata'

Evergreen, dense, round-headed,
weeping tree, often with aerial roots.
Has slender, pointed, lustrous leaves
that are rich green with white
variegation. H 100ft (30m) or more,

S 50ft (15m) or more. Min. 59-64°F
(15-18°C).

Bauhinia variegata

Deciduous, rounded tree with broadly
oval, deeply notched leaves. Fragrant,
magenta to lavender flowers, to 4in
(10cm) across, appear in winter-spring,
sometimes later. H 25-40ft (8-12m),

S 10-25ft (3-8m). Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

Evergreen, loosely branched tree or
tall shrub. Has leaves divided into 5-11
slender leaflets, silky-downy beneath.
Spider-like, red flowers appear in dense
heads intermittently throughout the
year. H 3-30ft (l-10m), S 6-15ft (2-5m).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

RED

Brachychiton acerifolius
(lllawarra flame tree)

Deciduous tree with clusters of bright
scarlet flowers in late winter, spring
or summer before 3-7-lobed, lustrous
leaves develop. H 50-120ft (15-35m),

S 25-40ft (8-12m). Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

Crevillea banksii

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

PURPLE

SILVER

GREEN

Cordyline australis 'Atropurpurea'

Slow-growing, evergreen tree with
purple to purplish-green leaves. Has
terminal sprays of white flowers in
summer and small, globular, white fruits
in fall. H 10-30ft (3-10m), S 3-12ft (l-4m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-10

Jacaranda mimosifolia

Fast-growing, deciduous, rounded
tree with fernlike leaves of many tiny.

bright green leaflets. Has trusses of
vivid blue to blue-purple flowers in
spring and early summer. H 50ft (15m),
S 22-30ft (7-10m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 £> Hll-10

Leucadendron argenteum (Silver tree)

Evergreen, conical to columnar tree,
spreading with age. Leaves are
covered with long, silky, white hairs.

Has insignificant flowers set in silvery
bracts in fall-winter. H 20-30ft (6-10m),

S 6-12ft (2-4m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Firmiana simplex
(Chinese parasol tree)

Robust, deciduous tree with large,
lobed leaves, small, showy, lemon-
yellow flowers and papery, leaflike
fruits. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Min. 36°F (2°C).

Beaucarnea recurvata

(Elephant's foot, Pony-tail)

Slow-growing, evergreen tree or
shrub with a sparsely branched stem.
Recurving leaves, 3ft (lm) long, persist
after turning brown. H 12—25ft (4-8m),
S 6-12ft (2-4m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

& 6 Z10-11 Hll-10

6 Z7-11 Hll-8

6 Hii-io

Dracaena draco (Dragon tree)

Slow-growing, evergreen tree with
a wide-branched head. Has stiff,
lance-shaped, gray- or blue-green
leaves. Mature trees bear clusters of
orange fruits from mid- to late summer.
H 10-30ft (3-10m) or more, S 6-25ft
(2-8m) or more. Min. 55°F (13°C).

-£j ; - 6 zii Hii-i

Meryta sinclairii (Puka, Pukanui)

Evergreen, round-headed tree with
large, glossy, deep green leaves.
Greenish flowers appear sporadically
in spring to fall, followed by berry-like,
black fruits. H 39ft (10m), S 15ft (5m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Corynocarpus laevigatus

Evergreen, upright tree, spreading
with age. Has leathery leaves and
clusters of small, greenish flowers in
spring-summer. Plumlike, orange fruits
appear in winter. H 30-50ft (10-15m),

S 6-15ft (2-5m). Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

A Z10-11 H12-9

6 zii hii-io

Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm,

Chinese fountain palm)

Slow-growing, evergreen palm with
a sturdy trunk. Has fan-shaped, glossy
leaves, 3-10ft (l-3m) across. Mature
trees bear loose clusters of berry-like,
black fruits in fall. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft
(5m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Zll Hll-10

Washingtonia robusta

(Mexican fan palm)

Fast-growing, evergreen palm with
large, fan-shaped leaves and, in summer,
tiny, creamy-white flowers in large,
long-stalked sprays. Black berries
appear in winter-spring. H 80ft (25m),

S 8-15ft (2.5-5m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

451

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER TREES

GREEN

YELLOW

Dracaena marginata 'Tricolor'

Slow-growing, evergreen, upright
tree or shrub with narrow, strap¬
shaped, cream-striped, rich green
leaves, prominently edged with red.
H 6-15ft (2-5m), S 3-10ft (l-3m).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

Cyathea australis

(Australian tree fern)

Evergreen, upright tree fern with
a robust, almost black trunk. Finely
divided leaves, 6-12ft (2-4m) long,
are light green, bluish beneath.

H 3-10ft (l-3m), S 10-15ft (3-5m).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

Ficus benghalensis
(Banyan, Indian fig)

Evergreen, wide-spreading tree with
trunklike prop roots. Has oval, leathery
leaves, rich green with pale veins,
to 8in (20cm) long, and small, figlike,
brown fruits. H 70-100ft (20-30m),

S 700ft (200m). Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

Tecoma stans

(Yellow bells, Yellow elder)

Evergreen, rounded, upright tree or
large shrub. Leaves have 5-13 leaflets.
Has funnel-shaped, yellow flowers
from spring to fall. H 15-28ft (5-9m),

S 10-15ft (3-5m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

6 Zll Hll-1

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-7

0 6 © HI 1-10

0 6 Zll—15 H12-10

Archontophoenix alexandrae

(Alexandra palm,

Northern bungalow palm)

Evergreen palm with feather-shaped,
arching leaves. Mature trees bear
sprays of small, white or cream
flowers. H 80ft (25m), S 15-22ft (5-7m).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

452 ...

I £x- c, Hii-io

Schefflera actinophylla

(Queensland umbrella tree)

Evergreen, upright tree with large,
spreading leaves of 5-16 leaflets. Has
large sprays of small, dull red flowers
in summer or fall. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft
(6m). Min. 61°F (16°C).

0 6 ® Z14-15 H12-10

Dypsis lutescens

(Golden-feather palm, Yellow palm)

Evergreen, suckering palm, forming
clumps of robust, canelike stems.

Has long, arching leaves of slender,
yellowish-green leaflets. H 28ft (9m),
S 20ft (6m). Min. 61°F (16°C).

0 6 Z14-15 H12-1

Tabebuia chrysotricha
(Golden trumpet tree)

Deciduous, round-headed tree with
dark green leaves, divided into 3-5
oval leaflets, and rich yellow flowers,
3in (7cm) long, borne in late winter or
early spring. H 80ft (25m), S 60ft (18m).
Min. 61^°F (16-18°C).

0 6 Z14-15 H12-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER SHRUBS

ORANGE

Plumeria rubra (Frangipani)

Deciduous, spreading tree or large
shrub, sparingly branched. Has fragrant
flowers, in shades of yellow, orange,
pink, red and white, in summer-fall.

H 22ft (7m), S 15ft (5m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

WHITE

Chamelaucium uncinatum [white]
(Geraldton waxflower)

Evergreen, wiry-stemmed, bushy shrub.
Each needle-like leaf has a tiny, hooked
tip. Flowers ranging from deep rose-
purple to pink, lavender or white appear
in late winter or spring. H 6-15ft (2-5m),
S 6-12ft (2-4m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 eS Hii-io

Azorina vidalii

Evergreen subshrub with erect stems.
Has coarsely serrated, glossy, dark
green leaves and racemes of bell¬
shaped, white or pink flowers in spring
and summer. H and S 16-24in (40-60cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Eriogonum arborescens

Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub.
Small leaves have recurved edges and
woolly, white undersides. Leafy umbels
of small, white or pink flowers appear
from spring to fall. H and S 2-5ft
(60cm-150cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-9

Sparrmannia africana (African hemp)

Evergreen, erect shrub or small tree.
Has large, shallowly lobed leaves
and clusters of white flowers, with
yellow and red-purple stamens, in late
spring and summer. H 10-20ft (3-6m),

S 6-12ft (2-4m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Carissa macrocarpa 'Tuttlei'

Evergreen, compact and spreading
shrub with thorny stems and leathery
leaves. Has fragrant flowers in spring-
summer and edible, plumlike, red
fruits in fall. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m) or more,

S 10ft (3m) or more. Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® Z9-11 Hll-9

Dracaena sanderiana (Ribbon plant)

Evergreen, upright shrub with seldom
branching, canelike stems. Lance¬

shaped leaves, 6-10in (15-25cm) long,
are pale to gray-green, with bold,
creamy-white edges. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 16-32in (40-80cm). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® Hll-10

0 6 Hll-10

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

0 6 Hll-10

Spathodea campanulata

(African tulip tree, FI a me-of-th e-forest)

Evergreen, showy tree. Leaves
have 9-19 deep green leaflets. Clusters
of tulip-shaped, scarlet or orange-
red flowers appear intermittently.

H 60-80ft (18-25m), S 30-60ft (10-18m).
Min. 61-64°F (16-18°C).

0 6 Z13-14 H12-10

Westringia fruticosa
(Australian rosemary)

Evergreen, rounded, compact shrub.
Crowded leaves, in whorls of 4,
are white-felted beneath. White to
palest blue flowers open in spring-
summer. H and S 3—5ft (1-1.5m).

Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-9

Acokantbera oblongifolia

(Wintersweet)

Evergreen, rounded shrub. Has fragrant,
white or pinkish flowers in late winter
and spring and poisonous, black fruits in
fall. H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 5-12ft (1.5-4m).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Calliandra eriophylla (Fairy duster)

Evergreen, stiff, dense shrub. Leaves
have numerous tiny leaflets. From late
spring to fall has pompons of tiny,
pink-anthered, white florets, followed
by brown seed pods. H 3ft (lm),

S 32in (80cm). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® Hll-10

0- 6 Hll-10

453

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER SHRUBS

WHITE

PINK

Pandanus tectorius 'Veitchii'

(Veitch's screw pine)

Evergreen, upright, arching shrub
with rosettes of long, light green leaves
that have spiny, white to cream margins.
H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-12ft (2-4m).

Min. 55-61°F (13-16°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Myoporum parvifolium

Evergreen, spreading to prostrate shrub
with semi-succulent leaves. In summer
has clusters of small, honey-scented
flowers, white or pink with purple
spots, and tiny, purple fruits in fall.

H 24in (60cm), S 24-36in (60-90cm).

Min. 36-41°F (2-5°C).

0 6 Zll Hll-10

Gardenia jasminoides 'Veitchii'

Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, leafy
shrub with oval, glossy leaves up to
4in (10cm) long and fragrant, double,
white flowers from summer to winter.
H 6-40ft (2-12m), S 3-10ft (l-3m).

Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 s!J Hii-io

Plectranthus fructicosus 'lames'

Evergreen, erect, shrub. Purple stems
bear broadly ovate, coarsely toothed,
fleshy, purple-veined, mid-green leaves.
Bears terminal panicles of tubular pink
flowers, with darker spots, to 12in (30cm)
long, in late summer. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
Min. 41 °F (5°C).

0 6 Z9-10 H10-5

Dracaena fragrans Deremensis
Croup 'Warneckei'

Slow-growing, evergreen shrub.
Erect to arching, lance-shaped leaves
are banded gray-green and cream.

H 15-50ft (5-15m), S 3-10ft (l-3m).
Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

454 ...

I & Hii-i

Chamelaucium uncinatum [pink]
(Geraldton waxflower)

Evergreen, wiry-stemmed, bushy shrub.
Each needle-like leaf has a tiny, hooked
tip. Flowers ranging from deep rose-
purple to pink, lavender or white appear
in late winter or spring. H 6-15ft (2-5m),
S 6-12ft (2-4m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 £> E5 Hll-10

Protea cynaroides (King protea)

Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub.

Water lily-shaped flower heads,

5-8in (13-20cm) wide, with silky-haired,
petal-like, pink to red bracts, appear
in spring-summer. Leaves are oval and
mid- to dark green. H and S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

6 hh-9

Protea neriifolia

Evergreen, bushy, upright shrub with
narrow leaves. Flower heads, about
5in (13cm) long, are red, pink or white,
the bracts tipped with tufts of black
hair, and appear in spring-summer.

H and S 10ft (3m). Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

6 eSzii Hi2-io

Pimelea ferruginea

Evergreen, dense, rounded shrub
with tiny, recurved, deep green leaves.
Small, tubular, rich pink flowers appear
in dense heads in spring or early
summer. H 3-6ft (l-2m), S 3-5ft (1-1,5m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 eS hii-io

Chorizema ilicifolium

(Holly flame pea)

Evergreen, sprawling or upright shrub,
with spiny-toothed, leathery leaves.

Has spikes of bicolored, orange and
pinkish-red flowers in spring-summer.
H and S 3-10ft (l-3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

& 6 eS hii-io

Calliandra haematocephala

[pink form]

Evergreen, spreading shrub. Leaves
have 16-24 narrowly oval leaflets.
Flower heads consist of many pink-
stamened florets from late fall to spring.
H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-12ft (2-4m).

Min. 45°F (7°C).

&: 6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Nerium oleander (Oleander)

Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub with
leathery, deep green leaves. Clusters
of salver-form, pink, white, red, apricot
or yellow flowers appear from spring
to fall, often on dark red stalks.

H 6-20ft (2-6m), S 3-1 Oft (l-3m).

Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® HU-1

Justicia carnea (King's crown)

Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub
with velvety-haired leaves. Has spikes
of pink to rose-purple flowers in
summer-fall. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Justicia brandegeeana (Shrimp plant)

Evergreen, rounded shrub intermittently,
but mainly in summer, producing white
flowers surrounded by shrimp-pink
bracts. H 3ft (lm), S 24-36in (60-90cm).
Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis 'The President'

Evergreen, bushy shrub with toothed,
oval, glossy, dark green leaves. In
summer bears large, magenta-centered,
bright pink flowers with prominent,
yellow anthers. H 8-15ft (2.5-5m),

S 5-1 Oft (1.5-3m). Min. 59°F (15°C).

Euphorbia pulcherrima (Poinsettia)

Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub.
Has small, greenish-red flowers

surrounded by bright red, pink, yellow
or white bracts from late fall to spring.
H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 3-8ft (l-2.5m).

Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 HI 1-1

0 6 HU-10

Medinilla magnifica

Evergreen, upright shrub, with sparingly
produced, 4-angled, robust stems and
boldly veined leaves. Pink to coral-red
flowers hang in long trusses beneath
large, pink bracts in spring-summer.

H 3-6ft (l-2m), S 2-5ft (60cm-150cm).
Min. 61-64°F (16-18°C).

0 6 HU-10

Epacris impressa (Australian heath)

Evergreen, usually erect, fairly open,
heather-like shrub with short, red-tipped
leaves. Tubular, pink or red flowers
appear in late winter and spring.

H 12^18in (30-120cm), S 12-36in
(30-90cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 5 ZU H12-10

Creyia sutherlandii

Deciduous or semievergreen, rounded
shrub. Coarsely serrated, leathery
leaves turn red in fall. Spikes of small,
bright red flowers appear in spring
with new foliage. H 6-15ft (2-5m),

S 5-1 Oft (1.5-3m). Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 6 HU-10

455

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER SHRUBS

Nymania capensis

Evergreen, more or less rounded,
rigidly branched shrub or small tree.

In spring has flowers with upright,
pink to rose-purple petals. Bears
papery, inflated, red fruits in fall.

H 6-1 Oft (2-3m) or more, S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

-£>6 Hii-io

Bouvardia ternifolia
(Scarlet trompetilla)

Mainly evergreen, bushy, upright shrub
with leaves in whorls of 3. Has tubular,
bright scarlet flowers from summer
to early winter. H 24-36in (60-90cm),

S 12-24in (30-60cm). Min. 45-50°F
(7-10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Euphorbia milii (Crown of thorns)

Fairly slow-growing, mainly evergreen,
spiny, semi-succulent shrub. Clusters
of tiny, yellowish flowers, enclosed by
2 bright red bracts, open intermittently
during the year. H 3ft (lm) or more,

S 18in (45cm). Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 6 ® Zll Hll-l

Solanum betaceum (Tree tomato)

Evergreen, sparingly branched shrub
or small tree, upright when young, with
large, heart-shaped, rich green leaves.
Has edible, tomato-like, red fruits from
summer to winter. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m),

S 3-6ft (l-2m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

& 6 Zll H12-7

Leucospermum reflexum

Evergreen, erect shrub with ascending
branchlets. Has small, blue-gray or
gray-green leaves. Slender, tubular,
crimson flowers with long styles are
carried in tight, rounded heads in
spring-summer. H 10ft (3m), S 6-12ft
(2-4m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 HI 1-10

Sutherlandia frutescens

Evergreen, upright shrub. Has leaves
of 13-21 gray-haired, deep green leaflets;
bright red flowers in late spring and
summer are followed by pale green,
later red-flushed, inflated seed pods.

H 2-6ft (0.6-2m), S 3-5ft (1-1.5m).

Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Z13-15 H12-9

Ixora coccinea

Evergreen, rounded shrub with glossy,
dark green leaves to 4in (10cm) long.
Small, tubular, red, pink, orange or
yellow flowers appear in dense heads
in summer. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5-6ft (1.5-2m).
Min. 55-61°F (13-16°C).

6 Hii-io

456

0 6 Hii-io

0 £> Hll-10

6 Z8-11 H12-7

6 ® Hll-l

Boronia megastigma

Evergreen, well branched, wiry-
stemmed shrub. Small leaves have 3-5
narrow leaflets. Fragrant, bowl-shaped,
brownish-purple and yellow flowers
hang from leaf axils in late winter and
spring. H 3-10ft (l-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

Banksia coccinea

Evergreen, dense shrub with toothed,
dark green leaves, gray-green beneath.
Flower heads comprising clusters of
bright red flowers with prominent styles
and stigmas are borne in late winter
and spring. H 12-25ft (4-8m), S 5-12ft
(1.5-4m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Ardisia crenata
(Coralberry, Spiceberry)

Evergreen, upright, open shrub. Has
fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers
in early summer, followed by long-
lasting, bright red fruits. H to 6ft (2m),
S 24in (60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Acalypha wilkesiana

(Copperleaf, Jacob's coat)

Evergreen, bushy shrub. Oval, serrated
leaves are 4in (10cm) or more long, rich
copper-green, variably splashed with
shades of red. H 6ft (2m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 61°F (16°C).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Prostanthera ovalifolia

Evergreen, bushy, rounded shrub
with tiny, sweetly aromatic, oval,
thick-textured leaves. Cup-shaped,
2-lipped, purple flowers appear in
short, leafy racemes in spring-summer.
H 8-12ft (2.5-4m), S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-5

Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'

Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree.
Firm-textured leaves are flushed

copper-purple. Has clusters of small,
reddish or purplish seed capsules
in late summer or fall. Makes a good
hedge in a windy site. H 3-15ft (l-5m),
S 3-1 Oft (l-3m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Tibouchina urvilleana (Glory bush)

Evergreen, slender-branched shrub.
Velvet-haired leaves are prominently
veined. Has satiny, blue-purple flowers
in clusters from summer to early winter.
H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-1 Oft (2-3m).

Min. 45°F (7°C).

0- £> eS Z13-15 H12-10

GREEN

Polygala x dalmaisiana

Evergreen, erect shrub with small,
grayish-green leaves. White-veined,
rich purple flowers appear from late
spring to fall. H and S 3-8ft (1-2.5m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 HI 1-9

lochroma cyaneum

Evergreen, semi-upright, slender-
branched shrub. Tubular, deep purple-
blue flowers, with flared mouths, appear
in dense clusters from late fall to early
summer. H 10ft (3m),S 5-6ft (1.5-2m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

Sabal minor (Dwarf palmetto)

Evergreen, suckering fan palm with
stems mainly underground. Has
leaves of 20-30 green or gray-green
lobes. Erect sprays of small, white
flowers are followed by shiny, black
fruits. H 3—6ft (l-2m), S 10ft (3m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Portulacaria afra (Elephant bush)

Semievergreen, upright shrub with
horizontal branches and tiny, fleshy,
bright green leaves. Clusters of pale
pink flowers appear in late spring and
summer. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

Schefflera elegantissima (False aralia)

Evergreen, upright, open shrub. Large

leaves have 7-10 coarsely toothed,
lustrous, gray-green, sometimes
bronze-tinted, leaflets. H 25-50ft (8-15m),
S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 ® Z14-15 H12-1

Cycas revoluta (Japanese sago palm)

Slow-growing, evergreen, palmlike plant
that may produce several trunks. Leaves
have spine-tipped leaflets with rolled
margins. Bears tight clusters
of reddish fruits in fall. H and S 3-6ft
(l-2m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

0 6 Hll-10

0- 6 Hll-6

Brunfelsia pauciflora 'Macrantha'

Evergreen, spreading shrub with
leathery leaves. Blue-purple flowers,
aging to white in about 3 days,
appear from winter to summer.

H 3-1 Oft (l-3m), S 2-5ft (0.6-1.5m).
Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

■0 6 ® Hll-10

Encephalartos ferox

Slow-growing, evergreen, palmlike
plant, almost trunkless for many years.
Feather-shaped leaves, 2-6ft (60-180cm)
long, have many serrated and spine-
tipped, leathery, grayish leaflets. H 3ft
(lm), S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Min. 50-55°F
(10-13°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Mimosa pudica

(Humble plant, Sensitive plant)

Short-lived, evergreen shrub with
prickly stems; needs support. Fernlike
leaves fold when touched. Has minute,
pale mauve-pink flowers in summer-
fall. H 12-30in (30-75cm), S 16-36in
(40-90cm). Min. 55-61°F (13-16°C).

0 6 Hll-10

457

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER SHRUBS

GREEN

YELLOW

Rhapis excelsa (Miniature fan palm)

Evergreen fan palm, eventually forming
clumps. Leaves are 8-12in (20-30cm)
long, composed of 20 or more narrow,
glossy, deep green lobes in fan
formation. H and S 5-15ft (1.5-5m).

Min. 59°F (15°C).

Philodendron bipinnatifidum

Evergreen, unbranched shrub. Glossy

leaves, to 2ft (60cm) or more long,
are divided into many finger-like
lobes. Occasionally produces greenish-
white spathes. H and S 15ft (5m).

Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

C) HU-io

Ficus deltoidea (Mistletoe fig)

Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub
with bright green leaves, red-brown-
tinted beneath. Bears small, greenish-
white fruits that mature to dull yellow.

H 15-22ft (5-7m), S 3-10ft (l-3m).

Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

6 ® Hii-4

Polyscias filicifolia (Fernleaf aralia)

Evergreen, erect, sparingly branched
shrub. Leaves are 12in (30cm) long and
are divided into many small, serrated,
bright green leaflets. H 6-8ft (2-2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

x Citrofortunella microcarpa

(Calamondin)

Evergreen, bushy shrub with leathery,
leaves. Intermittently has tiny, fragrant
flowers followed by orange-yellow
fruits. H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-10ft (2-3m).
Min. 41-50°F (5-10°C).

6 ® hi l-i

6 ® Hii-i

■-0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

458

Polyscias guilfoylei 'Victoriae'

(Lace aralia)

Slow-growing, evergreen, rounded
shrub or small tree with leaves that
are divided into several oval to rounded,
serrated, white-margined, deep green
leaflets. H 5ft (1.5m), S 32in (80cm).

Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

Chamaedorea elegans

(Dwarf mountain palm, Parlor palm)

Evergreen, slender palm, suckering
with age. Feather-shaped leaves of
many glossy leaflets are 2-3ft (60-100cm)
long. H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 64°F (18°C).

6 ® hi l-i

£> Hii-i

Hibbertia cuneiformis

Evergreen, upright, bushy shrub with
small, oval leaves, serrated at tips. Has
small clusters of bright yellow flowers,
with spreading petals, in spring-
summer. H 3-6ft (l-2m), S 3-5ft (1-1.5m).
Min. 41-45°F (5-7°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Acacia pulchella

(Western prickly Moses)

Semievergreen or deciduous shrub of
diffuse habit, with spiny twigs and rich
green foliage. Tiny, deep yellow flowers
appear in dense, globular heads in
spring. H 2-5ft (0.6-1.5m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 41^5°F (5-7°C).

6 zh hi i-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER CLIMBERS

Senna corymbosa

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen
shrub. Leaves have 4-6 oval, bright
green leaflets; sprays of bowl-shaped,
rich yellow flowers appear in late
summer. H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 5-10ft
(1.5m-3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Pachystachys lutea (Lollipop plant)

Evergreen, loose, more or less rounded
shrub, often grown annually from
cuttings. Has tubular, white flowers in
tight, golden-bracted spikes in spring-
summer. H 3ft (lm), S 18-30in (45-75cm).
Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-8

0 6 Zll Hll-10

Reinwardtia indica (Yellow flax)

Evergreen, upright subshrub, branching
from the base. Has grayish-green leaves
and small clusters of yellow flowers
mainly in summer but also during
the year. H and S 21—36in (60-90cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Senna didymobotrya

(Golden wonder)

Evergreen, rounded, sometimes
spreading shrub with leaves of several
leaflets. Spikes of rich yellow flowers
open from glossy, blackish-brown
buds throughout the year. H 8ft (2.5m),
S 5-1 Oft (1.5-3m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

Crotalaria agatiflora

(Canary-bird bush)

Evergreen, loose, somewhat spreading
shrub with gray-green leaves. Racemes
of greenish-yellow flowers appear in
summer and also intermittently during
the year. H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 Z14—15 H12-10

0 6 Hii-io

ORANGE

Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum

(Croton)

Evergreen, erect, sparingly branched
shrub. Leathery, glossy leaves vary
greatly in size and shape, and are
variegated with red, pink, orange or
yellow. H 3-6ft (l-2m), S 2-5ft (0.6-1.5m).
Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

0 4 ® Hll-10

Nematanthus gregarius

Evergreen, prostrate or slightly
ascending shrub with fleshy, glossy
leaves. Inflated, orange and yellow
flowers appear mainly from spring
to fall. H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm)
or more. Min. 55-59°F (13-15°C).

0 4 Hii-9

Isoplexis canariensis

Evergreen, rounded, sparingly branched
shrub. Bears foxglove-like, yellow to
red- or brownish-orange flowers in
dense, upright spikes, to 12in (30cm)
tall, in summer. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Hll-9

WHITE

Pandorea jasminoides (Bower vine)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with leaves of 5-9 leaflets.

Has clusters of funnel-shaped, white
flowers, with pink-flushed throats,
from late winter to summer. H 15ft (5m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Zll Hll-8

Dioscorea dodecaneura
(Ornamental yam)

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Heart-shaped, olive-green
leaves are 5-6in (12-15cm) long,
marbled silver, paler green and brown,
and are red beneath. H to 6ft (2m).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Zll H12-10

Beaumontia grandiflora

(Herald's trumpet)

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber with rich green
leaves that are hairy beneath. Has
large, fragrant, white flowers from
late spring to summer. H 25ft (8m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

459

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER CLIMBERS

WHITE

Bougainvillea glabra 'Snow White'

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber
with rounded-oval leaves. In summer
has clusters of white floral bracts with
green veins. H to 15ft (5m). Min. 45-50°F
(7-10°C).

& 6 HI 1-1

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen'

Fairly fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, root climber. Leaves are
streaked and marbled with white. Is
less robust than the species. H 10-30ft
(3-1 Om). Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

Clerodendrum thomsoniae

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
scandent shrub with oval, rich green
leaves. Flowers with crimson petals and
bell-shaped, pure white calyces appear
in clusters in summer. H 10ft (3m) or
more. Min. 61°F (16°C).

Lophospermum erubescens

Evergreen, soft-stemmed, scandent,
perennial climber, sometimes woody-
stemmed, often grown as an annual.
Stems and leaves are downy. Rose-pink
flowers, 2%in (7cm) long, are borne in
summer-fall. H to 10ft (3m) or more.
Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Hii-io

Hoy a carnosa (Wax plant)

Fairly vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining, root climber. Scented,
star-shaped flowers, white, fading
to pink, with deep pink centers, are
borne in dense trusses in summer-fall.

H to 15ft (5m) or more. Min. 41^15 0 F
(5-7°C).

6 ® hi l-i

£> Hii-i

£> Hii-8

Stephanotis floribunda

(Madagascar jasmine, Wax flower)

Moderately vigorous, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining climber with
leathery, glossy leaves. Scented, waxy,
white flowers appear in small clusters
from spring to fall. H 15ft (5m) or more.
Min. 55-61°F (13-16°C).

6 Z14-15 H12-10

Hoya lanceolate subsp. bella

Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
trailing shrub with narrowly oval,
pointed leaves. In summer bears tiny,
star-shaped, white flowers, with red
centers, in pendulous, flattened clusters.
H 18in (45cm). Min. 50-54°F (10-12°C).

460 ...

XK- 6 Hll-1

Syngonium podophyllum
'Trileaf Wonder'

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, root
climber with tufted stems and arrow-
head-shaped leaves when young.
Mature leaves have 3 glossy leaflets
with pale green or silvery-gray veins.
H 6ft (2m) or more. Min. 64°F (18°C).

6 ® Z 14-15 H 12-10

Man devil la splendens

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. Has lustrous leaves and
trumpet-shaped, rose-pink flowers,
with yellow centers, appearing in late
spring or early summer. H 10ft (3m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

6 ® Hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Mandevilla x amabilis 'Alice du Pont'

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber with oval, impressed
leaves. Has large clusters of trumpet¬
shaped, glowing pink flowers in
summer. H 10ft (3m). Min. 45-50°F
(7-10°C).

Distictis buccinatoria
(Mexican blood flower)

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. Has trumpet-shaped,
rose-crimson flowers, orange-yellow
within, from early spring to summer.

H to 15ft (5m) or more. Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 ® Hii-i

6 Z9-11 Hll-9

Clytostoma callistegioides

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. Each leaf
has 2 oval leaflets and a tendril. Small,
nodding clusters of purple-veined,
lavender flowers, fading to pale
pink, are borne in spring-summer.

H to 15ft (5m). Min. 50-55°F (10-13°C).

Agapetes variegata var. macrantha

Evergreen or semievergreen, loose,
scandent shrub that may be trained
against supports. Has lance-shaped
leaves and narrowly urn-shaped, white
or pinkish-white flowers, patterned
in red, in winter. H 3-6ft (l-2m). Min.
59-64°F (15-18°C).

6 hi i-9

6 S Hii-io

Agapetes serpens

Evergreen, arching to pendulous,
scandent shrub, best grown with
support as a perennial climber. Has
small, lance-shaped, lustrous leaves
and pendent flowers, rose-red with
darker veins, in spring. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 E5 hi l-io

Tropaeolum tricolorum

Herbaceous climber with delicate stems,
small tubers and 5-7-lobed leaves. Small,
orange or yellow flowers with black-
tipped, reddish- orange calyces are
borne from early spring to early
summer. H to 3ft (lm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER CLIMBERS

Kennedia rubicunda

(Dusky coral pea)

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with
leaves divided into 3 leaflets. Coral-
red flowers are borne in small trusses
in spring-summer. H to 10ft (3m). Min.
41^5°F (5-7°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Quisqualis indica (Rangoon creeper)

Fairly fast-growing, deciduous or
semievergreen, scandent shrub, often
grown as an annual. From late spring
to late summer has fragrant flowers,
varying from orange to red, sometimes
pink. H 10-15ft (3-5m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

PURPLE

Hoya macgillivrayi

Strong-growing, twining climber with
thick stems and lustrous, dark green
leaves. From spring to summer, bears
large, cup-shaped, red-purple, purple
or brownish-red flowers, with dark red,
occasionally white-centered coronas.

H 15-25ft (5-8m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 (k Hii-io

Ipomoea indica (Blue dawn flower)

Vigorous, perennial climber with
evergreen, mid-green leaves. From
late spring to fall bears abundant,
funnel-shaped, rich purple-blue to blue
flowers, often maturing to purplish-red.
H 20ft (6m) or more. Min. 45°F (7°C).

Bougainvillea glabra 'Sanderiana'

Vigorous, mainly evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber.

Rounded-oval, dark green leaves are
edged with creamy-white. Has many
bright purple floral bracts in summer.
H to 15ft (5m). Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

Passiflora quadrangularis

(Giant granadilla)

Strong-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed climber with angled, winged
stems. White, pink, red or pale violet
flowers, the crowns banded white and
deep purple, appear mainly in summer.
H 15-25ft (5-8m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Aristolochia littoralis (Calico flower)

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-

stemmed, twining climber with heart-
to kidney-shaped leaves. Heart-shaped,
5in (12cm) wide flowers, maroon with
white marbling, are carried in summer.
H to 22ft (7m). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 hii-io

0 6 ® Hll-9

0 6 Hii-i

0 C) hii-io

Passiflora coccinea
(Red passion flower)

Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber with rounded, oblong
i leaves. Has bright deep scarlet flowers,
with red, pink and white crowns,
from spring to fall. H 10-12ft (3-4m).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

462 ...

I --Q:- (j hii-io

Hardenbergia violacea
'Happy Wanderer'

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. In spring, bears pendent
panicles of deep mauve-purple flowers,
with yellow marks on upper petals.

H to 10ft (3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 £) Hll-10

Bougainvillea glabra

Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber
with rounded-oval leaves. Clusters of
floral bracts, in shades of cyclamen-
purple, appear in summer. H to 15ft (5m).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 6 hi l-i

Cynura aurantiaca
(Purple velvet plant)

Evergreen, woody-based, soft-stemmed,
semi-scrambling climber or lax shrub
with purple-haired stems and leaves.
Clusters of daisylike, orange-yellow
flower heads are borne in winter. H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m), less as a shrub. Min. 61°F (16°C).

0 6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GREEN

Solanum seaforthianum

(Italian jasmine, St. Vincent lilac)

Evergreen, scrambling climber with
nodding clusters of star-shaped, blue,
purple, pink, or white flowers, with
yellow stamens, from spring to fall,
followed by scarlet fruits. H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 ® Z12-15 H12-10

Solanum wendlandii

Robust, mainly evergreen, prickly-
stemmed, scrambling climber with
oblong, variably lobed leaves. Lavender
flowers appear in late summer and fall.
H 10-20ft (3-6m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® Z13-15 H12-10

Petrea volubilis

Strong-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with elliptic,
rough-textured leaves and deep violet
and lilac-blue flowers carried in simple
or branched spikes from late winter to
late summer. H 20ft (6m) or more. Min.
55-59°F (13-15°C).

0 £> HI 1-6

Cissus antarctica (Kangaroo vine)

Moderately vigorous, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climber.

Oval, pointed, coarsely serrated leaves
are lustrous, rich green. H to 15ft (5m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

Monstera deliciosa

(Swiss-cheese plant)

Robust, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
root climber with large-lobed, holed
leaves, 16-36in (40-90cm) long. Mature
plants bear cream spathes, followed by
scented, edible fruits. H to 20ft (6m).
Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

Syngonium podophyllum

Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
root climber with tufted stems and
arrowhead-shaped leaves when young.
Mature plants have leaves of 7-9
glossy leaflets up to 12in (30cm) long.

H 6ft (2m). Min. 61-64°F (16-18°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

■0 6 ® Hll-10

0 6 ® Z14-15 H12-10

Asparagus scandens

Evergreen, scrambling climber with
lax stems and short, curved, leaflike
shoots in whorls of 3. Tiny, nodding,
white flowers appear in clusters of
2-3 in summer, followed by red fruits.
H 3ft (lm) or more. Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® Hll-10

Tetrastigma voinierianum

(Chestnut vine)

Strong-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. Young stems
and leaves are rust-colored and hairy;
mature leaves turn lustrous, deep
green above. H 30ft (10m) or more.
Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

0 6 Z14-15 H12-10

Philodendron scandens (Heartleaf)

Fairly fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
based, root climber. Rich green leaves
are 4-6in (10-15cm) long when young,
to 12in (30cm) long on mature plants.

H 12ft (4m) or more. Min. 59-64°F
(15-18°C).

0 6 ® Hll-10

463

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER CLIMBERS

YELLOW

Tecoma capen sis 'Aurea'

Erect, scrambling, evergreen shrub
or climber with lustrous, mid- to dark
green leaves. Racemes, to 6in (15cm)
long, of slender, tubular, yellow flowers,
to 2in (5cm) long, are borne mainly in
summer. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). Min.
41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Solandra maxima

(Cup of gold, Golden-chalice vine)

Strong-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber with
glossy leaves. In spring-summer bears
fragrant, pale yellow, later golden
flowers. H 23-30ft (7-1 Om) or more.
Min. 55-61°F (13-16°C).

0 6 ® Zll-l H12-6

Thunbergia mysorensis

Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. Has narrow leaves
and pendent spikes of flowers with
yellow tubes and recurved, reddish-
brown lobes from spring to fall.

H 20ft (6m). Min. 59°F (15°C).

& 6 Z14—15 H12-6

Senecio macroglossus 'Variegatus'

Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber with triangular, fleshy leaves.

bordered in white to cream, and, mainly
in winter, daisylike, cream flower heads.
H 10ft (3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

& 6 ® Z12-15 H12-10

Stigmapbyllon ciliatum

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber with heart-
shaped, pale green leaves fringed with
hairs. Bright yellow flowers with ruffled
petals appear in spring-summer. H 15ft
(5m) or more. Min. 59-64°F (15-18°C).

ORANGE

Canarina canariensis
(Canary Island bellflower)

Herbaceous, tuberous, scrambling
climber with triangular, serrated leaves.
Has waxy, orange flowers with red veins
from late fall to spring. H 6-10ft (2-3m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 HU-io

Streptosolen jamesonii
(Marmalade bush)

Evergreen or semievergreen, loosely
scrambling shrub. Has oval, finely
corrugated leaves and, mainly in
spring-summer, many bright orange
flowers. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Z 12-15 Hi2-io

Pyrostegia venusta (Flame flower,
Flame vine, Golden shower)

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber with clusters
of tubular, golden-orange flowers
from fall to spring. H 30ft (10m) or
more. Min. 55-59°F (13-15°C).

Allamanda cathartica 'Hendersonii'

Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. Has
lance-shaped leaves in whorls and
trumpet-shaped, rich bright yellow
flowers in summer-fall. H to 15ft (5m).
Min. 55-59°F (13-15°C).

464

6 ® hi l-io

6 Z14-15 H12-10

6 HU-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER PERENNIALS

WHITE

Streptocarpus 'Crystal Ice'

Herbaceous, stemless, basal-rosetted
perennial with long, narrowly strap¬
shaped, wrinkled, lightly hairy, green
leaves. Produces clusters of 7-13
funnel-shaped, white flowers, with
blue veins, in winter. H 16in (40cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

<k zn H12-10

Coelogyne cristate

Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. In winter produces crisp,
white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, and
marked orange on each lip. Narrowly
oval leaves are 3-4in (8-10cm) long.
Needs good light in summer. H 12in
(30cm), S 24in (60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

<k hi i-6

6 hi l-io

<k Hii-io

6 Z14-15 H12-10

Pilea cadierei (Aluminium plant)

Evergreen, bushy perennial with
broadly oval leaves, each with a sharply
pointed tip and raised, silvery patches
that appear quilted. Has insignificant,
greenish flowers. H and S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Dieffenbachia seguine 'Exotica'

Evergreen, tufted perennial, sometimes
woody at the base. Broadly lance-shaped
leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are blotched
with creamy-white. H and S 3ft (lm)
or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 ® Hii-i

Cblorophytum comosum 'Vittatum'

Evergreen, tufted, rosette-forming
perennial. Long, narrow, lance-shaped,
creamy-white leaves have green stripes
and margins. Irregularly has small, star¬
shaped, white flowers on thin stems.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Ctenanthe oppenheimiana 'Tricolor'

Robust, evergreen, bushy perennial.
Has leathery, lance-shaped leaves, over
12in (30cm) long, splashed with large,
cream blotches, and, intermittently,
spikes of 3-petaled, white flowers.

H and S 3ft (lm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

Ruellia devosiana

Evergreen, bushy subshrub with
spreading, purplish branches. Leaves
are broadly lance-shaped, dark green
with paler veins above and purple below.
Has mauve-tinged, white flowers in
spring-summer. H and S to 18in (45cm)
or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

Anthurium crystallinum
(Crystal anthurium)

Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
Long, velvety, dark green leaves are
distinctively pale green- to white-
veined. Has long-lasting, red-tinged,
green spathes. H to 30in (75cm),

S to 24in (60cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

(k ® hii-io

Episcia dianthiflora (Laceflower)

Evergreen perennial with creeping
prostrate stems. Has thick, velvety
leaves with brownish midribs and,
intermittently, pure white flowers
with fringed petals. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 Hii-6

465

6 hi l-i

Evergreen, bushy perennial with pinkish
leaf stalks. Has oval, fleshy, wrinkled,
dark green leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, with
sunken veins; spikes of white flowers
appear irregularly. H and S to 6in (15cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 hi l-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

ORCHIDS

Elegant and exotic, orchids are prized for their unusual
flowers. There are two main groups. Terrestrials [t] grow
in a wide range of habitats in the wild; many are at least
frost hardy. Epiphytes [e], the more showy of the two
and mostly native to the tropics, cling to tree branches
or rocks, obtaining nourishment through their leaves and
aerial roots. An aura of mystique surrounds these plants,
but their cultivation is not always difficult and some
thrive indoors as houseplants. They need special growing
medium and in cool climates must be grown under glass.
An orchid hybrid is called a grex [gx], from the Latin for a
flock. A grex name applies to all the individual seedlings
from any given cross, the individual plants of which may also
be given cultivar names. Several cultivars may also be given
a Group name within a grex. See also the Plant Dictionary.

Cymbidium Portelet
Bay gx ® [e]

Masdevallia tovarensis [e] Oncidium alexandrae [e] Cypripedium reginae [t]

Spiranthes cernua [t]

Brassavola nodosa [e]

M.

r

K

Calanthe vestita [t]

t l:v

Paphiopedilum

Freckles gx (D [t]

l

Rhynchostele rossii [e]

1

Miltoniopsis Robert Strauss gx Dendrobium infundibulum [e] Coelogyne nitida [e] Coelogyne flaccida [e] Ophrys tenthredinifera [t] Laelia anceps [e]

'Ardingly' [e]

x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Pleione bulbocodioides [t] Dendrobium nobile [e]

Mount Adams gx [e]

Oncidium sotoanum [e]

Vanda Rothschildiana gx [e]

Anacamptis morio [t]

Phalaenopsis Lady Pink Lips gx [e]

Cuarianthe bowringiana [e] Masdevallia coccinea [e]

Zygopetalum Perrenoudii gx [e]

Bletilla striata [t]

Oncidium Hambuhren Stern
'Cheam' [e]

Cymbidium Caithness Ice gx
'Trinity' (D [e]

Phaius tankervilleae [t]

Miltoniopsis Anjou gx
'St. Patrick' [e]

Ada aurantiaca [e]

x Oncidopsis Cambria gx
'Lensing's Favorite' [e]

Oncidium Tigersun gx
'Orbec' [e]

Cymbidium
Strathkanaid gx (D [e]

x Cattlianthe Rojo gx
'Mont Millais' [e]

Masdevallia wagneriana [e] Oncidium Artur Elle gx
'Colombien' [e]

Paphiopedilum
Maudiae gx CD [t]

Paphiopedilum fairrieanum Paphiopedilum armeniacum Rossioglossum grande [e]

CD [t]

Paphiopedilum Lyric gx
'Glendora' (D [t]

Paphiopedilum

rothschildianum

1

£

Paphiopedilum
bellatulum CD [t]

Oncidium Memoria

Commander Wiggs gx 'Kay' lei

Phalaenopsis Lundy gx [e]

Paphiopedilum Buckhurst gx
'Mont Millais' (D [t]

r--1

i ——— -- - - 1

1 ^™

Comesa flexuosa [e]

Brasiliorchis porphyrostele [e]

Oncidium Julie Barbara
Good gx [e]

Lycaste cruenta [e]

x Cattlianthe Hazel Boyd gx
'Apricot Glow' [e]

Cymbidium elegans (D [e] Oncidium tigrinum [e]

Ophrys lutea [t]

Phragmipedium besseae

Psychopsis papilio [e]

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER PERENNIALS

WHITE

Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa'

Robust evergreen, tufted perennial
with rhizomes. Has long, lance¬
shaped, glossy leaves. Irregularly
bears fleshy, white spadices of fragrant
flowers enclosed in large, oval, white
spathes. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

A ® Z14-15 H12-6

Fittonia albivenis Argyroneura Group

(Silver net-leaf)

Evergreen, creeping perennial with
small, oval, white-veined, olive-
green leaves. Remove flowers if they
form. H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite.

Min. 59°F (15°C).

Aglaonema commutatum 'Treubii'

Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
Lance-shaped leaves, to 12in (30cm)
long, are marked with pale green
or silver. Occasionally has greenish-
white spathes. H and S to 18in (45cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

468 ...

! & hii-i

6 ® Hii-i

Tradescantia fluminensis 'Albovittata'

Strong-growing, evergreen perennial
with trailing, rooting stems. Bluish-
green leaves have broad, white stripes.
Bears small, white flowers. H 12in (30cm),
S indefinite. Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 ® zi3-i5 Hi2-i

Spathiphyllum wallisii
(Peace lily, White sails)

Evergreen, tufted, rhizomatous
perennial. Has clusters of long, lance¬
shaped leaves. Fleshy, white spadices
of fragrant flowers in white spathes
are irregularly produced. H and S 12in
(30cm) or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

A ® Z14-15 H12-1

Angraecum sesquipedale

Evergreen, epiphytic orchid. Waxy, white
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with a 12in (30cm)
long spur, are borne, usually 2 to a stem, in
winter. Has narrow, semi-rigid, horizontal
leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in
summer but full light in winter. H and
S 12in (30cm) or more. Min. 55°F (13°C).

6 Hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Achimenes 'Little Beauty'

Bushy perennial with oval, toothed
leaves. Large, funnel-shaped, deep pink
flowers with yellow eyes are carried in
summer. H lOin (25cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-1

Tradescantia sillamontana

Evergreen, erect perennial. Oval, stem-
clasping leaves are densely covered
with white, woolly hairs. Has clusters
of small, bright purplish-pink flowers
in summer. H and S to 12in (30cm).
Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 £> ® Z14-15 H12-10

Streptocarpus 'Nicola'

Evergreen, stemless perennial with a
rosette of strap-shaped, wrinkled leaves.
Funnel-shaped, rose-pink flowers are
produced intermittently in small clusters.
H lOin (25cm), S 20in (50cm). Min.
50-59°F (10-15°C).

Saintpaulia 'Colorado'

Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial
(Standard Group saintpaulia) with
broadly ovate to oval, dark green leaves.
Produces star-shaped, frilled, single,
magenta flowers throughout the year.

H 6-8in (15-20cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 Z13-15 H12-10

C) Hi2-io

Oplismenus africanus 'Variegatus'

Evergreen, creeping, perennial grass
with wiry, rooting stems. White-striped
leaves, with wavy margins, are often
tinged pink. Bears inconspicuous
flowers intermittently. H 8in (20cm)
or more, S indefinite. Min. 54°F (12°C).

C, hi l-i

Kohleria digitaliflora

Erect, bushy, rhizomatous perennial
with white-haired stems. Has scalloped,
hairy leaves and clusters of tubular,
hairy, pink-and-white flowers, with
purple-spotted, green lobes, in
summer-fall. H 24in (60cm) or more,

S 18in (45cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

A hi l-io

Tradescantia zebrina

(Silver inch plant, wandering Jew)

Evergreen, trailing or mat-forming
perennial. Bluish-green leaves, purple-
tinged beneath, have 2 broad, silver
bands. Has pink or violet-blue flowers
intermittently during the year. H 6in
(15cm), S indefinite. Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 © Z14-15 H12-1

469

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER PERENNIALS

PINK

Musa ornata (Flowering banana)

Evergreen, palmlike, suckering perennial
with oblong, waxy, bluish-green leaves
to 6ft (2m) long. In summer has erect,
yellow-orange flowers with pinkish
bracts and greenish-yellow fruits. H to
10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Min. 64°F (18°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Caladium bicolor 'Pink Beauty'

Tufted, tuberous perennial. Has
long-stalked, triangular, pink-mottled,
green leaves, to 18in (45cm) long,
with darker pink veins. White spathes
appear in summer. H and S 36in (90cm).
Min. 66°F (19°C).

470

0 A ® hi i-4

RED

Anigozanthos manglesii

(Red-and-green kangaroo paw)

Vigorous, bushy perennial that bears
racemes of large, tubular, woolly,
red-and-green flowers in spring
and early summer. Has long, narrow,
gray-green leaves. May suffer from
ink disease. H 3ft (lm), S lV 2 ft (45cm).

0 6 eU zio-n Hii-io

Doryanthes palmeri

Evergreen perennial with a rosette of
arching, ribbed leaves, to 6ft (2m) long.
Intermittently bears panicles of small,
red-bracted, orange-red flowers, white
within. Flowers are often replaced by
bulbils. H 6-8ft (2-2.5m), S 8ft (2.5m).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Bromelia balansae (Heart of flame)

Evergreen, clump-forming, basal-rosetted
perennial bearing strap-shaped, arching,
gray-green leaves with hooked spines.
Club-shaped panicles of tubular, red or
purple flowers, with long, bright red
bracts, are borne in spring-summer. H 3ft
(lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Min. 41^5°F (5-7°C).

Columnea x banksii

Evergreen, trailing perennial with
oval, fleshy leaves, glossy above,
purplish-red below. Tubular, hooded,
brilliant red flowers, to 3in (8cm) long,
appear from spring to winter. Makes
a useful plant for a hanging basket.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 hii-io

Russelia equisetiformis (Coral plant)

Evergreen, branching, bushy subshrub
with rushlike stems and tiny leaves.
Showy, pendent clusters of tubular,
scarlet flowers appear in summer-fall.
H to 3ft (lm) or more, S 2ft (60cm).

Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 zn-12 Hi2-i

Kohleria eriantha

Robust, bushy, rhizomatous perennial
with reddish-haired stems. Oval leaves,
to 5in (13cm) long, are edged with
red hairs. Has tubular, red flowers,
with yellow-spotted lobes, in nodding
clusters in summer. H and S 3ft (lm)
or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 Hii-i

0 6 Hll-10

Anthurium andraeanum

(Flamingo flower)

Evergreen, erect perennial. Long-
stalked, oval leaves, with a heart-
shaped base, are 8in (20cm) long. Has
long-lasting, bright red spathes with
yellow spadices. H 24-30in (60-75cm),
S 20in (50cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 A ® Hll-10

Sinningia 'Switzerland'

Short-stemmed, tuberous perennial
with rosettes of oval, velvety leaves,
to 8in (20cm) long. In summer has large,
fleshy, trumpet-shaped, bright scarlet
flowers with ruffled, white borders.

H to 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).

Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 A Z14-15 H12-10

Columnea crassifolia

Evergreen, shrubby perennial with
fleshy, lance-shaped leaves. Erect,
tubular, hairy, scarlet flowers, about
3in (8cm) long, each with a yellow throat,
are carried from spring to fall. H and
S to 18in (45cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 4 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BROMELIADS

Smithiantha 'Orange King'

Strong-growing, erect, rhizomatous
perennial. Large, scalloped, velvety
leaves are emerald-green with dark
red-marked veins. In summer-fall
has tubular, orange-red flowers,
red-spotted within and with yellow lips.
H and S to 24in (60cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 Z14-15 H12-10

Episcia cupreata (Flame violet)

Evergreen, creeping perennial.

Has small, downy, wrinkled leaves,
usually silver-veined or -banded, and,
intermittently, scarlet flowers marked
yellow within. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
Min. 59°F (15°C).

Nautilocalyx lynchii

Robust, evergreen, erect, bushy
perennial. Broadly lance-shaped, slightly
wrinkled leaves are glossy, greenish-red
above, reddish beneath. In summer has
tubular, red-haired, pale yellow flowers
with red calyces. H and S to 24in (60cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 hi i-7

C, hi l-i

Bromeliads, or plants that belong to the family Bromeliaceae,
are distinguished by their bold, usually rosetted foliage
and showy flowers in shades of white, red, or purple, borne
in dense, cylindrical or conical inflorescences in summer.

The flowers are followed by ovoid yellow fruits containing
large brown seeds. Many bromeliads are epiphytes, or
air plants (absorbing their food through moisture in the
atmosphere), and will grow outdoors only in tropical
regions. In cooler climates, bromeliads make attractive
houseplants or will thrive in a warm greenhouse. Follow
watering instructions with care.

Aechmea recurvata

Cryptanthus bivittatus
'Pink Starlight'

Neoregelia concentrica Vriesea splendens

Tillandsia stricta

Tillandsia lindenii

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

Puya chilensis

TENDER PERENNIALS

AFRICAN VIOLETS

African violet is the common name for the genus
Saintpaulia, although it is often applied to the numerous
cultivars derived from S. ionantha. These low-growing,
rosetted, evergreen perennials have a wide range of
attractive flower colors, varying from white, pink, blue,
and violet, to bi- or multicolored. Their petal edges can
be ruffled, rounded, frilled, or fringed, and leaves are
somewhat succulent, usually hairy, and, in some cases,
variegated. They may be grown as summer bedding
in warm, humid climates but also make attractive
houseplants, flowering freely throughout the year if
kept in a suitable draft-free, light, humid location.

S. 'Garden News'

S. 'Powder Keg*

S. 'Porcelain'

S. 'Ice Maiden'

S. 'Falling Raindrops'

TV v.

PURPLE

Peliosanthes arisanensis

Evergreen perennial with slow-
spreading rhizomes. Stems have oblong,
pleated, thin-textured, light green leaves,
8-12in (20-30cm) long, and in spring bear
spikes of up to 20, 6-petaled, nodding,
purple-centered, yellow flowers. H 12in
(30cm), S 16in (40cm). Min. 32°F (0°C).

A £!Z10-11 HU-9

Heterocentron elegans

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with dense, creeping, mid-green
foliage. Massed, bright deep purple
flowers open in summer-fall and,
under glass, in winter. H 2in (5cm),
S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

-0 6 Hll-l

Browallia speciosa (Bush violet)

Bushy perennial, usually grown as an
annual, propagated by seed each year.
Has oval leaves to 4in (10cm) long and
showy, violet-blue flowers with white
eyes, the season depending when sown.
H 24-30in (60-75cm), S 18in (45cm).

Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 6 Z10-11 H8-1

bley. All Rights Reserved.

Tetranema roseum

(Mexican foxglove, Mexican violet)

Short-stemmed perennial with crowded,
stalkless leaves, bluish-green beneath.
Intermittently, has nodding, purple
flowers with paler throats. H to 8in
(20cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 55°F (13°C).

6 Z10-15 H12-10

Calathea sanderiana

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

Broadly oval, leathery, glossy leaves, to
2ft (60cm) long, are dark green with pink
to white lines above, and purple beneath.
Intermittently has short spikes of white
to mauve flowers. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

£> mi

Alocasia cuprea

Evergreen, tufted perennial. Oval
leaves are 12in (30cm) long, with a

metallic sheen and darker, impressed
veins above, purple below; leaf stalks
arise from the lower surface. Purplish
spathes appear intermittently. H and
S to 3ft (lm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 ® Hii-io

Chirita lavandulacea

Evergreen, erect perennial with downy.

pale green leaves to 8in (20cm) long.
In leaf axils has clusters of lavender-
blue flowers with white tubes. May
be sown in succession to flower from
spring to fall. H and S 24in (60cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 hi i-io

Hemigraphis repanda

Evergreen, prostrate perennial with
spreading, rooting stems. Lance-shaped,
toothed, purple-tinged leaves, 2in (5cm)
long, are darker purple below. Has tiny,
tubular, white flowers intermittently.

H to 6in (15cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

£> hi l-i

Elatostema repens
(Watermelon begonia)

Evergreen, creeping perennial with
rooting stems. Broadly oval, olive-green
leaves have purplish-brown edges
and paler green centers. Flowers are
insignificant. H 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
Min. 59°F (15°C).

(k Z8-10 H10-8

Nepenthes x hookeriana

Evergreen, epiphytic, insectivorous
perennial with oval, leathery leaves
to 12in (30cm) lonsg and pendent,
pale green pitchers, with reddish-
purple markings and a spurred lid, to
5in (13cm) long. H 24—30in (60-75cm).
Min. 64°F (18°C).

BLUE

Streptocarpus 'Amanda'

Evergreen, stemless perennial with a
few, long, strap-shaped, wrinkled, finely
hairy, mid-green leaves. Funnel-shaped,
rich blue flowers, with darker veining
and white throat, are produced in tight
clusters in spring. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C ).

GREEN

Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)

Evergreen, insectivorous perennial with
rosettes of 6 or more spreading, hinged
leaves, pink-flushed inside, edged with
stiff bristles. Clusters of tiny, white
flowers are carried in summer. H 4in
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 hi l-i

Drosera spatulata

Evergreen, insectivorous perennial
with rosettes of spoon-shaped leaves
that have sensitive, red, glandular hairs.
Has many small, pink or white flowers
on leafless stems in summer. H and S to
3in (8cm). Min. 41-50°F (5-10°C).

6 hi l-io

<k Zll H12-10

<k zii H 12-1

Dichorisandra reginae

Evergreen, erect, clump-forming
perennial. Glossy, often silver-banded
and flecked leaves are purple-red
beneath. Has small spikes of densely
set, purple-blue flowers in summer-fall.
H 24—30in (60-75cm), S to 12in (30cm).
Min. 68°F (20°C).

C> hi l-io

Pycnostachys dawei

Strong-growing, bushy perennial
with toothed, oblong leaves, 5-12in
(12-30cm) long, that are reddish below.
Has compact spikes of tubular, 2-lipped,
bright blue flowers in winter-spring.

H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S l-3ft (30-90cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Drosera capensis (Cape sundew)

Evergreen, insectivorous perennial.
Rosettes of narrow leaves have sensitive,
red, glandular hairs. Many small,
purple flowers are borne on leafless
stems in summer. H and S to 6in (15cm).
Min. 41-50°F (5-10°C).

&: 6 Z8—10 H10-8

473

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER PERENNIALS

GREEN

Ensete ventricosum

Evergreen, palmlike perennial
with small, banana-like fruits. Has
20ft (6m) long leaves with reddish
midribs and, intermittently, reddish-
green flowers with dark red bracts.

H 20ft (6m),S 10ft (3m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Peperomia marmorata

(Sweetheart peperomia, silver heart)

Evergreen, bushy perennial with
insignificant flowers. Has oval,
long-pointed, fleshy, dull green
leaves, marked with grayish-white
and quilted above, reddish below.

H and S to 8in (20cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Hii-i

Peperomia glabella (Wax privet)

Evergreen perennial with wide-
spreading, red stems. Has broadly
oval, fleshy, glossy, bright green leaves,
to 2in (5cm) long, and insignificant
flowers. H to 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

& 6 Z10-11 HI 1-1

6 Hii-i

474

Asparagus densiflorus

Evergreen, trailing perennial with
clusters of narrow, bright green, leaflike
stems. In summer has pink-tinged,
white flowers, followed by red fruits.
Suits a hanging basket. H to 3ft (lm),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 ® hi l-i

Asparagus densiflorus 'Myersii'

(Foxtail fern)

Evergreen, erect perennial with spikes
of tight, feathery clusters of leaflike
stems and pinkish-white flowers in
summer, then red fruits. H to 3ft (lm),
S 20in (50cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

-#•- 6 ® Hll-l

Peperomia obtu si folia 'Variegata'

Evergreen, bushy perennial with
spade-shaped, fleshy leaves, to
8in (20cm) long, that have irregular,
yellowish-green to creamy-white
margins and usually grayish centers.
Flowers are insignificant. H and
S to 6in (15cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 hi l-io

Pilea nummulariifolia
(Creeping Charlie)

Evergreen, mat-forming perennial
with creeping, rooting, reddish stems.
Rounded, pale green leaves, %in (2cm)
wide, have a ridged surface. Flowers
are insignificant. H to 2in (5cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

C) Hii-i

Xanthosoma sagittifolium

Spreading, tufted perennial with thick
stems. Broadly arrow-shaped leaves,
2ft (60cm) or more long, on long leaf
stalks, are green with a grayish bloom.
Has green spathes intermittently
during the year. H to 6ft (2m) in flower,
S 6ft (2m) or more. Min. 59°F (15°C).

# A ® Z14-15 H12-10

Dieffenbachia seguine
'Rudolph Roehrs'

Evergreen, tufted perennial, sometimes
woody at the base. Leaves, to 18in
(45cm) long, are yellowish-green or
white with green midribs and margins.
H and S 3ft (lm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 ® hi l-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Columnea microphylla 'Variegata'

Evergreen, trailing perennial. Has
rounded leaves narrowly bordered
with cream and tubular, hooded, scarlet
flowers, with yellow throats, in winter¬
spring. H 3ft (lm) or more, S indefinite.
Min. 59°F (15°C).

Calathea zebrina (Zebra plant)

Robust, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial with long-stalked, velvety,
dark green leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long
(less if pot-grown), with paler veins,
margins and midribs. Has short spikes
of white to pale purple flowers. H and
S to 3ft (90cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

Aglaonema pictum

Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial. Oval
leaves, to 6in (15cm) long, are irregularly
marked with grayish-white or gray-
green. Has creamy-white spathes in
summer. H and S to 24in (60cm). Min.
59°F (15°C).

6 ® Hii-i

Aglaonema 'Silver King'

Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.
Broadly lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, are marked
with dark and light green. Has greenish-
white spathes in summer. H and S to
18in (45cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

(k hi i-io

6 zn hii-i

6 ® zn hi l-i

Maranta leuconeura 'Erythroneura'

(Herringbone plant)

Evergreen perennial. Oblong leaves
have veins marked red, with paler
yellowish-green midribs, and are upright
at night, flat by day. H and S to 12in (30cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

Sansevieria trifasciata 'Hahnii'

Evergreen, stemless perennial with
a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, broadly
lance-shaped and pointed leaves,
banded horizontally with pale green
or white. Occasionally has small, pale
green flowers. H 6-12in (15-30cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

£> hi l-i

& 6 Z14-15 H12-1

Calathea makoyana (Peacock plant)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
Horizontal leaves, 12in (30cm) long, are
dark and light green above, reddish-
purple below. Has short spikes of white
flowers intermittently. H to 2ft (60cm),

S to 4ft (1.2m). Min. 59°F (15°C).

Hii-i

475

Maranta leuconeura 'Kerchoveana'

(Rabbit tracks)

Evergreen perennial that intermittently
bears white to mauve flowers. Oblong
leaves with dark brown blotches become
greener with age and are upright at
night, flat by day. H and S to 12in (30cm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

& hi l-i

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER PERENNIALS

YELLOW

Arctotheca calendula

(Cape dandelion)

Carpeting perennial. Leaves are
woolly below, rough-haired above.

Heads of daisylike, bright yellow flowers,
with darker yellow centers, appear
from late spring to fall. H 12in (30cm),

S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HU-10

Hedychium gardnerianum

Upright, rhizomatous perennial. In late
summer and early fall has many spikes
of short-lived, fragrant, lemon-yellow
and red flowers. Lance-shaped leaves
are grayish-green, most markedly when
young. H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 2V 2 ft (75cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii'

Evergreen, stemless perennial with
a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, lance¬

shaped and pointed leaves with yellow
margins. Occasionally has pale green
flowers. Propagate by division to avoid
reversion. H lV2-4ft (45cm-1.2m),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 50-59°F (10-15°C).

0 6 Z14-15 H12-1

Aphelandra squarrosa 'Louisae'

Evergreen, erect perennial. Long, oval,
glossy, slightly wrinkled, dark green
leaves have white veins and midribs.
Bears dense spikes of golden-yellow
flowers from axils of yellow bracts
in late summer to fall. H to 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Min. 55°F (13°C).

Sansevieria trifasciata
'Golden Hahnii'

Evergreen, stemless perennial with
a rosette of about 5 stiff, erect, broadly
lance-shaped leaves with wide, yellow
borders. Sometimes bears small, pale
green flowers. H 6-12in (15-30cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 A Z8—10 HU-9

0 6 HU-10

0 6 Z14-15 HI 2-1

476

Impatiens repens

Evergreen, creeping perennial
with rooting stems. Has small, oval
to rounded leaves and, in summer,
yellow flowers, each with a large,
hairy spur. H to 2in (5cm), S indefinite.
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Peristrophe hyssopifolia
'Aureovariegata'

Evergreen, bushy perennial. Small
leaves are broadly lance-shaped with
long, pointed tips and central, creamy-
yellow blotches. Has tubular, rose-pink
flowers in winter. H to 2ft (60cm) or
more, S 4ft (1.2m). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 A HU-4

0 6 Z10-U H12-7

Anigozanthos flavidus
(Yellow kangaroo paw)

Bushy perennial with racemes of large,
woolly, tubular, yellowish-green flowers,
with reddish anthers, borne in spring-
summer. Narrow leaves, to 2ft (60cm)
long, are mid-green. H 4ft (1.2m),

S lV 2 ft (45cm). Min. 32°F (0°C).

■0 6 HU-10

ORANGE

Strelitzia reginae
(Bird-of-paradise flower)

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial
with long-stalked, bluish-green leaves.
Has beaklike, orange-and-blue flowers
in boat-shaped, red-edged bracts
mainly in spring. H over 3ft (lm),

S 2%ft (75cm). Min. 41-50°F (5-10°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-1

Clivia miniata

Evergreen, tuft-forming rhizome with
strap-shaped, semi-erect, basal, dark
green leaves, 16-24in (40-60cm) long.
Stems each produce a head of 10-20
orange or red flowers in spring or
summer. H 16in (40cm), S 12-24in
(30-60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® Z9-U HU-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GINGERS

Gingers have been cultivated in Europe for over 100 years
and bring colorful, intricate flowers, tropical foliage, and,
quite literally, spice to the garden. Evergreen types need
to be overwintered under glass or gradually dried off in
fall to induce artificial dormancy, whereas many deciduous
types such as Roscoea and Cautleya will die off naturally
and, being frost-hardy, can remain in the ground with
a protective mulch. Most gingers do not tolerate wet
winter conditions and benefit from some shade. A brighter
location encourages flowering, whereas shade encourages
better foliage, so site accordingly. They should not be
allowed to dry out while in growth, and are heavy feeders,
so give them frequent applications of liquid fertilizer.

Alpinia zerumbet

Hedychium thyrsiforme

Hedychium stenopetalum

Roscoea scillifolia

Curcuma zedoaria

Hedychium maximum

Alpinia purpurata

Kaempferia pulchra

Cornukaempferia aurantiiflora 'Jungle Gold'

Hedychium densiflorum

Clobba winitii

Su

Jm't

rvyc

. . V (

slii

I'Mfc

477

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER PERENNIALS

Heliconia psittacorum
(Parrot's flower, Parrot's plantain)

Tufted perennial with long-stalked,
lance-shaped leaves. In summer,
mature plants carry green-tipped,
orange flowers with narrow, glossy,
orange-red bracts. H to 6ft (2m),

S 3ft (lm). Min. 64°F (18°C).

Q mi-io

Aeschynanthus speciosus

Evergreen, trailing perennial with waxy,
narrowly oval leaves usually carried in
whorls. Erect, tubular, bright orange-red
flowers are borne in large clusters in
summer. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm).
Min. 64°F (18°C).

GREEN

Cyperus involucratus

Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge
with leaflike bracts forming a whorl
beneath the clustered flower spikes in
summer. H to 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm).

Min. 39-45°F (4-7°C).

Selaginella martensii

Evergreen, mosslike perennial with
dense, much-branched, frondlike
sprays of glossy, rich green foliage.
H and S 9in (23cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Nephrolepis exaltata (Sword fern)

Evergreen fern. Has erect, sometimes
spreading, lance-shaped, divided, pale
green fronds borne on wiry stems.

H and S 36in (90cm) or more.

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 (k HU-10

Cyperus papyrus
(Paper reed, Papyrus)

Evergreen, clump-forming, perennial
sedge with sturdy, triangular, leafless
stems, carrying in summer huge umbels
of spikelets with up to 100 rays. Grows
in water. H to 10-15ft (3-5m), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 4 Hll-6

Microlepia speluncae

Large, terrestrial fern with a spreading
rhizome and triangular, divided, softly
hairy fronds, consisting of triangular
to lance-shaped pinnae. H to 4ft (1.2m),
S to 6ft (2m). Min. 41-50°F (5-10°C).

& 6 Z12-15 HI 2-1

Pteris cretica 'Wimsettii'

Evergreen or semievergreen fern
with broadly ovate fronds divided into
narrow pinnae, each with an incised
margin and crested tip. H 18in (45cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Hii-io

Phlebodium aureum

Evergreen fern with creeping, golden-
scaled rhizomes. Has arching, deeply
lobed, mid-green or glaucous fronds
with attractive, orange-yellow sporangia
on reverses. H 3-5ft (90cm-1.5m),

S 2ft (60cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

mi -1

Selaginella kraussiana

Evergreen, trailing, more or less
prostrate, mosslike perennial with
bright green foliage. H VHn (1cm),
S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

478 ...

I (k Hll-l

4 hii-io

6 Hll-10

6 Z7-10 H12-1

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

Asplenium nidus (Bird's-nest fern)

Evergreen fern. Produces broadly
lance-shaped, glossy, bright green
fronds in a shuttlecock-like arrangement.
H 2—4ft (60cm-1.2m), S l-2ft (30-60cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 4 HI 1-3

Phlebodium aureum 'Mandaianum'

Evergreen fern with creeping rhizomes.
Has arching, deeply lobed, glaucous
fronds with attractive, orange-yellow
sporangia on reverses; pinnae are
deeply cut and wavy. H 3—5ft (1-1.5m),

S 2ft (60cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

£) hi l-io

Platycerium bifurcation

(Common stag's-horn fern)

Evergreen, epiphytic fern with broad,
platelike sterile fronds and long, arching
or pendent, forked, gray-green fertile
fronds bearing velvety, brownish spore
patches beneath. H and S 3ft (lm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0- A hi l-io

WHITE

Selenicereus grandiflorus
(Queen-of-the-night)

Climbing, perennial cactus. Has
7-ribbed, V 2 - 3 Ain (l-2cm) wide, green
stems with yellow spines. White
flowers, 7-12in (18-30cm) across,
open at night in summer. H 10ft (3m),
S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

Cleistocactus strausii (Silver torch)

Fast-growing, columnar, perennial
cactus with 3in (8cm) wide stems and
short, dense, white spines. Tubular,
red flowers appear in spring on plants
over 2ft (60cm) high. H 10ft (30cm),

S 3-6ft (l-2m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-7

0 6 HI 1-10

Pereskia aculeata

(Barbados gooseberry, Lemon vine)

Fast-growing, deciduous, climbing
cactus with broad, glossy leaves.
Orange-centered, creamy-white flowers
appear in fall, only on plants over 3ft
(lm) high. H to 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 hi l-io

Cephalocereus senilis
(Old-man cactus)

Very slow-growing, columnar,
perennial cactus with a green stem
covered in long, white hairs, masking
short, white spines. Is unlikely to flower
in cultivation. H 50ft (15m), S 6in (15cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Mammillaria hahniana

(Old-lady cactus, Old-woman cactus)

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
with a green stem bearing long, woolly,
white hairs. Carries cerise flowers
in spring and spherical, red fruits in
fall. H 16in (40cm), S 6in (15cm). Min.
41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

479

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

WHITE

Coryphantha cornifera

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
with angular tubercles, each bearing a
curved, dark, central spine and shorter,
radial spines. Has funnel-shaped, yellow
flowers in summer. H 6in (15cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Casteria bicolor var. liliputana

Perennial succulent that forms rosettes
of dark green leaves blotched with
white. Flower stems, to 6in (15cm) long,
bear spikes of bell-shaped, orange-
green flowers in spring. H 3in (7cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Crassula socialis

Spreading, perennial succulent with
short, dense rosettes of fleshy, triangular,
green leaves, to V 2 in (1cm) across.
Produces clusters of star-shaped,
white flowers on PAin (3cm) tall stems
in spring. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Hii-10

Haworthia attenuata

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of triangular,

TJ4in (3cm) long, dark green leaves,
that have pronounced white dots. Has
tubular, white flowers, with spreading
petals, from spring to fall. H 3in (7cm),
S lOin (25cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Mammillaria geminispina

Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Has
a spherical, green stem densely covered
with short, white, radial spines and
very long, white, central spines. Has
red flowers, Vfc-%in (l-2cm) across, in
spring. H lOin (25cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Q Hii-10

$>:- 6 Hii-10

& 6 Hii -10

480

Escobaria vivipara

Spherical, perennial cactus with a
green stem densely covered with gray
spines. Bears funnel-shaped, pink
flowers, PMn (3.5cm) across, in summer.
Is much more difficult to grow than
many other species in this genus.

H and S 2in (5cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Casteria carinata var. verrucosa

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with stiff, dark green leaves, with
raised, white dots and incurved edges.
Has spikes of bell-shaped, orange-
green flowers in spring. H 4in (10cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Mammillaria bocasana

(Powder-puff cactus)

Clump-forming, perennial cactus.

Long, white hairs cover a hemispherical
stem. Has cream or rose-pink flowers
in summer and red seed pods the
following spring-summer. H 4in (10cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hii-10

£> mi-10

0 - 6 mi-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Senecio rowleyanus (String-of-beads)

Pendent, perennial succulent. Very
slender, green stems bear cylindrical,
green leaves. Has heads of fragrant,
tubular, white flowers from spring
to fall. Suits a hanging pot. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

Opuntia polyacantha

Bushy, perennial cactus with a green
stem of 6in (15cm) long, flattened
segments. Areoles bear 6-15 flattened,
8in (20cm) long, hairlike spines. Has
masses of saucer-shaped, red or yellow
flowers in summer. H 20in (50cm),

S 6ft (2m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 ® Z7-10 HI 1-7

Lithops karasmontana

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
divided into 2 unequal-sized, gray
leaves that have pink, upper surfaces
with sunken, darker pink marks.

Bears a white flower in late summer
or early fall. H to VAin (4cm), S 2in (5cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Crassula ovata

(Friendship tree, Jade tree, Money tree)

Perennial succulent with a swollen
stem crowned by glossy, green leaves,
at times red-edged. Bears 5-petaled,
white flowers in fall-winter. H 12ft (4m),
S 6ft (2m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Zll HI 1-1

Echinopsis oxygona

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
with a 13-15-ribbed, green stem and
long spines. Has 4in (10cm) wide,
tubular, white to lavender flowers,
to 8in (20cm) long, in spring-summer.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Strombocactus disciformis

Very slow-growing, hemispherical,
perennial cactus with a gray-green
to brown stem set with a spiral of blunt
tubercles. Woolly crown has bristly
spines, which soon fall off, and cream
flowers in summer. H 114in (3cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z 12-15 Hi2-io

Trichodiadema mirabile

Bushy to prostrate, perennial succulent
with cylindrical, dark green leaves
tipped with dark brown bristles and
covered in papillae. Stem tip bears white
flowers, VAin (4cm) across, from spring
to fall. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

0 6 hi l-io

0 6 Hll-10

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Agave americana 'Striata'

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent.
Has sharply pointed, sword-shaped,
blue-green leaves with yellow edges.
Stem carries white flowers, each
3^in (9cm) long, in spring-summer.
Offsets freely. H and S 6ft (2m).

Min. 32°F (0°C).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-5

Cibbaeum velutinum

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with paired, finger-like, velvety,
bluish gray-green leaves, to 2%in
(6cm) long. Produces daisylike, pink,
lilac or white flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
in spring. H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hii-io

Cymnocalycium gibbosum

Spherical to columnar, perennial
cactus that has a dark green stem
with 12-19 rounded ribs, pale yellow
spines, darkening with age, and
white flowers, to 3in (7cm) long, in
summer. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Furcraea foetida 'Mediopicta'

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
with broad, sword-shaped, green leaves,
striped with creamy-white, to 8ft (2.5m)
long. Has bell-shaped, green flowers,
with white interiors, in summer.

H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Min. 43°F (6°C).

0 6 Hll-10

481

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

AGAVES

Tough plants originating from the Americas, agaves
are able to withstand drought, heat, and full sun. Some
species are frost-hardy too. Agaves arrest attention
with bold rosettes of thick sculptured leaves, often of
great architectural value. The rosette slowly increases in
size over several years before producing a flower spike,
sometimes of treelike proportions, so site carefully. Some
species die after flowering, but may produce seed, bulbils
among the flowers, and offsets around the base of the old
rosette. Care should be taken when planting due to sharp
thorns at the end of the leaves.

A. macroacantha

A. parrasana

A. potatorum

A. polianthiflora

A. parviflora

A. americana 'Marginata'

Vi >i

\ vv-*/

WHITE

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 'Calandiva'

Bushy, perennial succulent with oval

to oblong, toothed, glossy, dark green
leaves. Clusters of tubular, double, red,
orange, pink, purple or white flowers,
■*/4in (0.5cm) across, of any combination
of these colors, appear year-round.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 zn Hit-i

Echinocereus leucanthus

Clump-forming, tuberous cactus with
spined, 6- or 7-ribbed, prostrate stems.

In spring bears often terminal, dark-
throated, white flowers, softly streaked
purple, with green stigmas. H 8in (20cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 46°F (8°C).

Epiphyllum laui

Bushy, perennial cactus, usually with
strap-shaped, red-tinged, glossy stems,
which may also be spiny, cylindrical
or 4-angled. Has fragrant, white
flowers, with brown sepals, in spring-
summer. H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 hi l-i

Espostoa lanata

(Cotton ball, Peruvian old-man cactus)

Very slow-growing, columnar, perennial
cactus with a branching, woolly, green
stem. Foul-smelling, white flowers
appear in summer, only on plants
over 3ft (lm) high. H to 12ft (4m),

S 6ft (2m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Hii-io

Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi 'Variegata'

Bushy, perennial succulent. Blue-green
and cream leaves also color red. Bears
a new plantlet in each leaf notch. Has
brownish-pink flowers in late winter.

H and S to 3ft (lm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 zn hi i-io

A. victoriae-reginae

A. filifera

iley. All Rights Reserved.

PINK

Mammillaria plumosa

Clump-forming, perennial cactus.

Has a spherical, green stem completely
covered with feathery, white spines.
Carries cream flowers in mid-winter.

Is difficult to grow. Add calcium
to soil. H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm).

Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 £> HI 1-10

Neolloydia conoidea

Clump-forming, perennial cactus.

Has a columnar, blue-green stem
densely covered with white, radial
spines and longer, black, central spines.
Bears funnel-shaped, purple-violet
flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Pachycereus pringlei

Slow-growing, columnar, perennial
cactus with a branched, bluish-green
stem that has 10-15 ribs. Large
areoles each have 15-25 black-tipped,
white spines. Is unlikely to flower in
cultivation. H 35ft (11m), S 10ft (3m).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Euphorbia tithymaloides 'Variegata'

(Redbird flower)

Bushy, perennial succulent with stems
angled at each node. Leaves have white
or pink marks. Stem tips carry small,
greenish flowers in red to yellowish-
green bracts in summer. H to 10ft (3m),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® Zll H12-1

Rhipsalis cereuscula (Coral cactus)

Pendent, perennial cactus with 4- or

5-angled or cylindrical, green stems and
branches, to VAin (3cm) long in whorls.
Bell-shaped, white flowers on stem tips
in winter-spring. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
(50cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Aporocactus flagelliformis

(Rat's-tail cactus)

Pendent, perennial cactus with pencil-
thick, green stems bearing short, golden
spines. Has double, cerise flowers along
stems in spring. Is good for a hanging
basket. H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.

Min. 32°F (0°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

0 6 Zll Hll-10

& Hii-io

0- 6 Hll-10

Opuntia microdasys var. a I bispina

Bushy, perennial cactus with green,
flattened, oval segments. Spineless
areoles, with slender, barbed, white
hairs, are set in diagonal rows. Funnel-
shaped, yellow flowers appear in
summer. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Pilosocereus leucocephalus

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
10-12-ribbed stem and white-haired
crown. Bears tubular, pink flowers, with
cream anthers, at night in summer, on
plants over 5ft (1.5m) tall. H to 20ft (6m),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 52°F (11°C).

0 6 ® Zll Hll-9

0 6 Hll-10

Rebutia 'Carnival'

Clump-forming, spherical, perennial

cactus with low, tuberculate ribs bearing
areoles of white hairs and thin spines. In
spring produces masses of funnel-shape
flowers around the stem base; in white,
pink, salmon, orange or orange-red.

H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Min. 41 °F (5°C).

0 6 Zll H12-1

483

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

PINK

Rebutia 'Jenny'

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
low, tuberculate ribs bearing areoles with
short, white spines. In spring produces
funnel-shaped flowers, the outer sepals
dark pink shading to off-white toward
the center of each flower. H 2in (5cm),

S 6in (15cm). Min. 41 °F (5°C).

0 6 Zll H12-1

Echinocereus pentalophus

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
spined, green stems, VA-VAm (3-4cm)
wide, that have 4—8 ribs, later rounded.
Has trumpet-shaped, bright pink
flowers, paler at base, to 5in (12cm)
across, in spring. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Echeveria elegans

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of broad, fleshy,
pale silvery-blue leaves, edged with
red, and yellow-tipped, pink flowers
in summer. Keep dry in winter. Makes
a good bedding plant. H 2in (5cm),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Stenocactus obvallatus

Spherical, perennial cactus with
wavy-margined ribs. White areoles
each bear 5-12 grayish-brown spines.
In spring, has pale yellow to pale
pink flowers, with a purplish-red
stripe on each petal. H and S 3in (8cm).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Z12-15 H12-10

Hesperaloe parviflora

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent,
often with peeling, white fibers at
leaf edges. Flower stems each bear
a raceme of bell-shaped, pink to red
flowers in summer-fall. H 3ft (lm)
or more, S 6ft (2m). Min. 37°F (3°C).

Mammillaria sempervivi

Slow-growing, spherical, perennial
cactus. Has a dark green stem with
short, white spines. Has white wool
between short, angular tubercles on
plants over VMn (4cm) high. Bears cerise
flowers in spring. H and S 3in (7cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

Aptenia cordifolia

Fast-growing, prostrate, perennial
succulent with oval, glossy, green
leaves and, in summer, daisylike, bright
pink flowers. Is ideal for groundcover.

H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Min. 45°F (7°C).

Thelocactus bicolor

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus
with an 8-13-ribbed stem. Areoles each
have 4 usually flattened, yellow, central
spines, or bicolored yellow and red, and
numerous shorter, radial spines. Flowers
are purple-pink. H and S 8in (20cm).

Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Z6—11 H8-6

0 6 HI 1-10

0 6 zn H 12-10

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Conophytum concordans

I Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with 2 fleshy, gray-green leaves that
: are broad, erect and united for most of
their length but have distinctly divided,
upper lobes. Pale pink flowers appear in
late summer. H lin (2.5cm), S (1cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

484 ... A

I ■£): (jZll H12-10

Lampranthus spectabill's

Spreading, perennial succulent
with erect stems and narrow,
cylindrical, gray-green leaves. In
summer produces daisylike flowers,
cerise with yellow centers or golden-
yellow throughout. H 12in (30cm),

S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Echinocereus reichenbachii
var. baileyi

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
slightly branched stem bearing 12-23
ribs and yellowish-white, VAin (3cm)
long spines. Produces pink flowers with
darker bases in spring. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Hii-io

Crassula multicava

Bushy, perennial succulent with oval,
gray-green leaves, 3in (8cm) across.
Carries numerous clusters of small,
star-shaped, pink flowers on elongated
stems in spring, followed by small
plantlets. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (lm).

Min. 45°F (7°C).

hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Crassula schmidtii

Carpeting, perennial succulent with
dense rosettes of linear, dark green
leaves, pitted and marked, each
VA-VAin (3-4cm) long. Bears masses
of star-shaped, bright pinkish-red
flowers in clusters in winter. H 4in (10cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 hi i-io

Oscularia deltoides

Spreading, perennial succulent. Has
chunky, triangular, blue-green leaves, to
V&in (1cm) long, with small-toothed, often
reddened leaf margins. Fragrant, pink
flowers, V 2 - 3 Ain (l-2cm) wide, appear in
early summer. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

Disocactus 'Gloria'

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Strap-shaped, flattened, green stems
have toothed edges. Produces pinkish-
red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in spring.
H 12in (30cm), S 3ft (lm). Min. 5CPF (10°C).

Zll HI2-10

Frithia pulchra

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
with erect, rough, gray leaves,
cylindrical with flattened tips. Produces
masses of stemless, daisylike, bright
pink flowers, with paler centers, in
summer. H VAin (3cm), S 2 1 /£in (6cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Kalanchoe 'Wendy'

Semi-erect, perennial succulent with
narrowly oval, glossy, green leaves,

3in (7cm) long. In late winter bears
bell-shaped, pinkish-red flowers, %in
(2cm) long, with yellow tips. Is ideal for
a hanging basket. H and S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Craptopetalum bellum

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent with
triangular to oval, gray leaves, 2in (5cm)
long. Has clusters of deep pink to red
flowers, %in (2cm) across, in spring-
summer. H VAin (3cm), S 6in (15cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 hi l-io

Disocactus phyllanthoides
'Deutsche Kaiserin'

Pendent, epiphytic, perennial cactus
with flattened, toothed, glossy, green
stems, each 2in (5cm) across. Stem
margins each bear pink flowers, to 4in
(10cm) across, in spring. H 2ft (60cm),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

£>:- 6 hi l-io

& 6 Z8-10 H10-7

& Hii-io

Zll H12-10

Eriosyce napina

Flattened spherical, perennial cactus
with very short, gray spines pressed
flat against a greenish-brown stem.
Produces white, pink, carmine or
brown flowers, 2in (5cm) across, from
the crown in summer. H %in (2cm),

S lVdn (3.5cm). Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 £> Zll H12-10

Disocactus 'M.A. Jeans'

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Strap-shaped, flattened, green stems
have shallowly toothed edges. In spring
has deep pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
with white anthers. H 12in (30cm),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Zll H12-10

Hatiora rosea

Bushy, perennial cactus with slender,
3- or 4-angled, bristly, green stem
segments, usually tinged purple, to
2in (5cm) long. Has masses of bell¬
shaped, pink flowers, to VAin (4cm)
across, in spring. H and S 4in (10cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Hii-io

Pereskia grandifoiia (Rose cactus)

Deciduous, bushy, perennial cactus
with black spines. Single roselike, pink
flowers form in summer-fall only on
plants over 1ft (30cm) high. H 15ft (5m),
S 10ft (3m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

&: 6 HI 1-10

485

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

PINK

Mammillaria zeilmannicina

(Rose pincushion)

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
a spherical, green stem that has hooked
spines and bears a ring of deep pink to
purple flowers in spring. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Parodia mueller-melchersii

Columnar, perennial cactus. Areoles
each have about 15 radial spines and
2 upward- or downward-pointing,
central spines. Has cream-centered,
pink flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm),
S 2in (5cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

RED

Echinopsis chamaecereus

(Peanut cactus)

Clump-forming, perennial cactus
with spined stems, initially erect, then
prostrate. Has funnel-shaped, orange-
red flowers in late spring. H 4in (10cm),
S indefinite. Min. 37°F (3°C).

& 6 HU-10

6 Z9-U H12-7

Oroya peruviana

Spherical, perennial cactus with a
much-ribbed stem covered in yellow
spines, 5 /sin (1.5cm) long, with darker
bases. Pink flowers, with yellow bases,
open in spring-summer. H lOin (25cm),
S 8in (20cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

& 6 ZU H12-7

Schlumbergera 'Gold Charm'

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Has flattened, oblong, green stem
segments with toothed margins. Yellow
flowers in early fall turn pinkish-orange
in winter. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Opuntia verschaffeltii

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
cylindrical, usually spineless stems, to
lOin (25cm) long. Stem tips each bear
short-lived, cylindrical leaves from
spring to fall. Has orange-red flowers
in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

■-0 6 Z9-U H12-7

6 Z13-15 H12-10

-:6:- ® zu hu-9

Senecio articulatus 'Variegatus'

Deciduous, spreading, perennial
succulent with gray-marked stems.
Has cream- and pink-marked,
blue-green leaves in summer and
yellow flower heads from fall to
spring. H 24in (60cm), S indefinite.
Min. 50°F (10°C).

486 ... ^

■:0; 6 ® Z13-15 H12-10

Adenium obesum

Treelike, perennial succulent with a
fleshy, tapering, green trunk and stems
crowned by oval, glossy, green leaves,
dull green beneath. Carries funnel-
shaped, pink to pinkish-red flowers,
white inside, in summer. H 6ft (2m),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

6 ® zu HU-io

Rebutia deminuta

Clump-forming, perennial cactus
with a spherical, spined, green stem,
to V/zin (4cm) across, becoming
columnar with age. Bears masses
of slender-tubed, orange-red flowers
at base in late spring. H 4in (10cm),

S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 ZU H12-1

Rebutia minuscula [red]

Clump-forming, perennial cactus
with a tuberculate, dark green stem.
Bears prominent, white areoles with
very short, white spines. Trumpet¬
shaped, bright red flowers, to 2in (5cm)
across, appear at stem base in spring.

H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 HU-io

Ferocactus hamatacanthus

Slow-growing, spherical to columnar,
perennial cactus with a 13-ribbed
stem that bears hooked, red spines,
to 5in (12cm) long. Has yellow blooms
in summer, then spherical, red fruits.
H and S 24in (60cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Echeveria secunda

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with short stems each crowned by a
rosette of broad, fleshy, light green to
gray leaves, reddened near tips. Bears
cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers
in spring-summer. H VMn (4cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Parodia haselbergii

subsp. haselbergii (Scarlet ball cactus)

Slow-growing, perennial cactus with a
stem covered in white spines. Slightly
sunken crown bears red flowers, with
yellow stigmas, in spring. H 4in (10cm),
S lOin (25cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Stenocactus coptonogonus

Spherical, perennial cactus. White
areoles each have 3-5 flat, upward-
curving, pale brownish-red spines.
Bears purple to white flowers, with
pink-purple or violet-purple stripes,
in spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (16cm).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana

Bushy, perennial succulent with oval
to oblong, toothed, glossy, green leaves.
Produces clusters of yellow, orange,
pink, red or purple flowers, year-round.
Makes an excellent houseplant. H and
S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 £> Zll HI 1-1

0 6 HI 1-10

Parodia microsperma

Clump-forming, perennial cactus.

Has a much-ribbed, green stem densely
covered with brown, radial spines and
red, central spines, some of which are
hooked. Bears blood-red, occasionally
yellow flowers in spring. H 3in (8cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Cymnocaiycium mihanovichii
'Red Head'

Perennial cactus with a red stem,

8 angular ribs and curved spines. Must
be grafted onto any fast-growing stock
as it contains no chlorophyll. Has pink
flowers in spring-summer. H and S as
per graft stock. Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Parodia nivosa

Ovoid, perennial cactus that has a
much-ribbed, green stem with stiff,
white spines, each Vz-^Ain (l-2cm) long.
Has a white, woolly crown and bright
red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in
summer. H to 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Cyphostemma juttae

Perennial succulent. Swollen stem has
peeling bark and deciduous, scandent
branches with broad leaves. Bears
inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers
in summer. Green fruits turn yellow or
red. H and S 6ft (2m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Kalanchoe 'Tessa'

Prostrate to pendent, perennial
succulent with narrowly oval, green
leaves, PAin (3cm) long. Bears tubular,
orange-red flowers, %in (2cm) long, in
late winter. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Schlumbergera truncata

(Crab cactus, Lobster cactus)

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Oblong stem segments have toothed
margins. Bears purple-red flowers
in early fall and winter. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0:- & Hii-io

0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

Rebutia steinbachii
subsp. tiraquensis

Variable, perennial cactus with a green
stem. Elongated areoles bear spines
of gold or bicolored red and white.

Has dark pink- or orange-red flowers
in spring. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Hatiora gaertneri (Easter cactus)

Bushy, perennial cactus with flat,
oblong, glossy, green stem segments,
each to 2in (5cm) long, often tinged
red at edges. Segment ends each bear
orange-red flowers in spring. H 6in
(15cm), S 13in (20cm). Min. 55°F (13°C).

0 6 Zll Hll-l

487

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

PURPLE

Schlumbergera 'Bristol Beauty 7

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus
with flattened, green stem segments
with toothed margins. Bears reddish-
purple flowers, with silvery-white tubes,
in early fall and winter. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Orbea variegata (Star flower)

Clump-forming, branching, perennial
succulent with 4-angled, indented
stems. Flowers, variable in color and
blotched yellow, purple- or red-brown,
appear in summer-fall. H to 4in (10cm),
S indefinite. Min. 52°F (11°C).

BLUE

Crassula deceptor

Slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial succulent with branching
stems surrounded by fleshy, gray leaves
set in 4 rows. Each leaf has minute lines
around raised dots. Bears insignificant
flowers in spring. H and S 4in (10cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

& 6 Hll-10

Opuntia robusta

Bushy, perennial cactus. Silvery-blue
stem has flattened, oval segments with
either no spines or 8-12 white ones,
to 2in (5cm) long, per areole. Saucer¬
shaped, yellow flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, appear in spring-summer.

H and S 15ft (5m). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Browningia bertlingiana

Slow-growing, columnar, perennial
cactus with a silvery-blue stem, golden
spines and tufted areoles. Nocturnal,
white flowers appear in summer, only
on plants over 3ft (lm) high. H 25ft (8m),
S 12ft (4m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Hii-io

Cereus hildmannianus

Columnar, perennial cactus. Has a
branching, silvery-blue stem and
golden spines on 4—8 indented ribs.
Bears cup-shaped, white flowers, 4in
(10cm) across, at night in summer, and
pear-shaped, red fruits. H 15ft (5m),

S 12ft (4m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Z13-15 H12-10 6 Zll Hll-9

Argyroderma delaetii

Prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial
succulent with 2 very fleshy, silvery-
green leaves between which daisylike,
pink-purple flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
appear in late summer. H VMn (3cm),

S 2in (5cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 hii-io

6 ® hi l-i

6 zii Hi2-io

Huernia macrocarpa

: Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with finger-shaped, 4- or 5-sided,
green stems. Produces short-lived,
deciduous leaves and, in fall, bell¬
shaped, white-haired, dark purple
flowers with recurved petal tips.

H and S 4in (10cm). Min. 46°F (8°C).

488 ...

XK- 6 Hll-10

Cereus hankeanus

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
branching, blue-green stem bearing
dark spines on 4-7 prominent ribs.

Has lOin (25cm) long, cup-shaped, white
flowers at night in summer, followed
by red fruits. H 22ft (7m), S 10ft (3m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Zll H12-10

Stapelia grandiflora

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with 4-angled, hairy, toothed, green
stems. In summer-fall carries star¬
shaped, purple-brown flowers, to
4in (10cm) across, ridged with white
or purple hairs. H to 8in (20cm),

S indefinite. Min. 52°F (11°C).

6 Z13-15 H12-10

Aloinopsis schooneesii

Dwarf, mounded, perennial succulent
with tuberous roots and fleshy, almost
spherical, blue-green leaves arranged
tightly in tufts. Produces flatfish, yellow
flowers in winter-spring. H VMn (3cm),
S to 3in (7cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Z10-11 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GRAY

Copiapoa cinerea

Very slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial cactus. Blue-green stem
bears up to 25 ribs and black spines.

Has a woolly, white-gray crown and,
on plants over 4in (10cm) across, yellow
flowers in spring-summer. H 20in (50cm),
S 6ft (2m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Aeonium haworthii (Pinwheel)

Bushy, perennial succulent. Freely
branching stems bear rosettes, 5in
(12cm) across, of blue-green leaves,
often with red margins. Has a terminal
spike of star-shaped, pink-tinged, pale
yellow flowers in spring. H 2ft (60cm),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Agave attenuata

Perennial succulent with a thick stem
crowned by a rosette of sword-shaped,
spineless, pale green leaves. Arching
flower stem, to 5ft (1.5m) long, is
densely covered with yellow flowers
in spring-summer. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

Crassula perfoliata var. falcata
(Aeroplane propeller)

Bushy, perennial succulent that
branches freely. Long leaves each twist
like a propeller. Has large clusters of
fragrant, red flowers in late summer.

H and S 3ft (lm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0- 6 hi i-io

0- 6 hi l-i

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-5

0 6 hi l-io

Echinopsis lageniformis

Columnar, perennial cactus with
4—8-ribbed stems branching at base.
Areoles each produce up to 6 spines.
Scented, funnel-shaped, white flowers
open at night in summer. H to 15ft (5m),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Myrtillocactus geometrizans

(Blue candle)

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
branched, 5- or 6-ribbed, blue-green
stem. Bears short, black spines, on
plants over 1ft (30cm) tall, and white
flowers at night in summer. H to 12ft
(4m), S 6ft (2m). Min. 54°F (12°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Agave parryi

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
with stiff, broad, gray-green leaves,
each to 12in (30cm) long with a solitary
dark spine at its pointed tip. Flower
stem, to 12ft (4m) long, bears creamy-
yellow flowers in summer. H 20in (50cm),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z9-11 Hll-5

Craptopetalum paraguayense
(Mother-of-pearl plant)

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette, 6in (15cm) across,
of gray-green leaves, often tinged
pink. Bears star-shaped, yellow-and-
red flowers in summer. H 4in (10cm),

S 3ft (lm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 & hi l-io

Lithops marmorata

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
divided into 2 unequal-sized, swollen,
pale gray leaves with dark gray marks
on convex, upper surfaces. Bears a
white flower in late summer or early
fall. H 3 A-VAin (2-3cm), S 2in (5cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

489

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

GRAY

Leuchtenbergia principis

Basal-rosetted, perennial cactus with
narrow, angular, dull gray-green
tubercles, each 4in (10cm) long and
crowned by papery spines to 4in (10cm)
long. Crown bears yellow flowers,
to 3in (7cm) across, in summer.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 43°F (6°C).

Dudleya pulverulenta

Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent
with strap-shaped, pointed, silvery-gray
leaves. Bears masses of star-shaped,
red flowers in spring-summer. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Eriosyce villosa

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
a branched, green to dark gray-green
stem. Has dense, sometimes curved,
gray spines, 114in (3cm) long. Produces
tubular, pink or white flowers in spring
or fall. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).

Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 6 HU-10

0 6 HU-10

& 6 zu H12-10

Crassula arborescens

(Silver jade plant)

Perennial succulent with a thick, robust
stem crowned by branches bearing
rounded, silvery-blue leaves, often with
red edges. Has 5-petaled, pink flowers
in fall-winter. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 zu ffli-i

Ceropegia linearis (Heart vine, Rosary
vine, String-of-hearts)

Semievergreen, trailing, succulent
subshrub with tuberous roots. Leaves
redden in sun. Has hairy, pinkish-green
flowers from spring to fall. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Min. 45°F (7°C).

490 ...

XK- 6 HI 1-10

Pachyphytum oviferum (Moonstones,
Sugared-almond plum)

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of oval, pinkish-blue
leaves. Stem bears 10-15 bell-shaped
flowers, with powder-blue calyces
and orange-red petals, in spring. H 4in
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

-0 6 HU-10

x Pachyveria glauca

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a dense, basal rosette of fleshy,
incurved, oval, silvery-blue leaves,
to 2 1 /£in (6cm) long, with darker marks.
Bears star-shaped, yellow flowers,
each with a red tip, in spring.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

Kalanchoe tomentosa

(Panda plant, Pussy ears)

Bushy, perennial succulent with thick,
oval, gray leaves, covered with velvety
bristles and often edged with brown
at tips. Has yellowish-purple flowers
in winter. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 Z10-U H12-3

0 6 ZU HU-1

GREEN

Beschorneria yuccoides

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of up to 20 rough,
grayish-green leaves, to 3ft (lm) long
and 2in (5cm) across. Produces pendent,
tubular, bright red flowers in summer
in spikes over 6ft (2m) tall. H 3ft (lm),

S 10ft (3m). Min. 32°F (0°C).

6 Hii-io

Maihuenia poeppigii

Slow-growing, clump-forming, perennial
cactus. Has a cylindrical, branched,
spiny, green-brown stem. Most branches
produce a spike of cylindrical, green
leaves at the tip, with a funnel-shaped,
yellow flower in summer. H 2 1 /£in (6cm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 5°F (-15°C).

6 zu hu-6

Frailea pygmaea

Columnar, perennial cactus with a much-
ribbed, dark green stem bearing white
to light brown spines. Buds, which
rarely open to flatfish, yellow flowers in
summer, become tufts of spherical, spiny
seed pods. H to 2in (5cm), S %in (2cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

hii-io

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Aeonium tabuliforme

Prostrate, almost stemless, short-lived,
perennial succulent with a basal rosette,
to 12in (30cm) across, like a flat, bright
green plate. Has star-shaped, yellow
flowers in spring, then dies. Propagate
from seed. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z9—11 H9-4

Schwcintesia ruedebuscbii

Mat-forming, perennial succulent
with cylindrical, bluish-green leaves,
l-2in (3-5cm) long, with expanded tips.
Leaf edges each produce 3-7 minute,
blue teeth with brown tips. Has yellow
flowers in summer. H 2in (5cm),

S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Lithops dorotheae

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves,
pale pink-yellow to green with darker
areas and red marks on upper surfaces.
Produces a daisylike, yellow flower
in summer or fall. H 3 /4-l!4in (2-3cm),

S 2in (5cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Pacbypbytum compactum

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of green leaves, each
narrowing to a blunt point, with angular,
paler edges. Stems each bear 3-10
flowers with green to pink calyces and
orange petals in spring. H 6in (15cm),

S indefinite. Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Argyroderma pearsonii

Prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. A united pair of very fleshy,
silvery-gray leaves has a deep fissure
in which a red flower, VAin (3cm) across,
appears in summer. H lHin (3cm),

S 2in (5cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Haworthia arachnoidea

Slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial succulent with a basal rosette
of triangular leaves. Bears soft, white
teeth along leaf margins. Has white
flowers from spring to fall. H 2in (5cm),
S 4in (10cm). Min. 43°F (6°C).

0 6 Hll-10

491

Mammillaria microhelia

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
5 /8in (5cm) wide, green stem bearing
cream or brown spines, discoloring
with age. Has 5 /sin (5cm) wide, yellow
or pink flowers in spring. Offsets slowly
with age. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Echinopsis marsoneri

Columnar, perennial cactus with a
20-25-ribbed, bluish- to dark green
stem that has yellow, radial spines with
longer, darker, central ones. In summer
produces yellow flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, with red throats. H 12in (30cm),
S 6in (15cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Zll H12-6

Echinopsis pentlandii

Clump-forming or solitary, variable,
perennial cactus with a 10-20-ribbed
stem and 6-20 spined aeroles. Has white,
pink, purple or orange flowers, with
paler throats, in summer. H 3in (8cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Echinopsis backebergii

Clump-forming, almost spherical,
perennial cactus with a 10-15-ribbed,
spined, dark green stem. Has funnel-
shaped, pink, red or purple flowers, with
paler throats, in summer. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Lithops lesliei var. albinica

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves;
convex, pale green, upper surfaces have
dark green and yellow marks. Bears
a white flower in late summer or early
fall. H 3 A-VAin (2-3cm), S 2in (5cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Argyroderma fissum

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with finger-shaped, fleshy leaves, 2-4in
(5-10cm) long and often reddish at the
tip. Has light red flowers between leaves
in summer. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

GREEN

Carnegiea gigantea (Saguaro)

Very slow-growing, perennial cactus
with a thick, 12-24-ribbed, spiny, green
stem. Tends to branch and bears short,
funnel-shaped, fleshy, white flowers at
stem tips in summer, only when over
12ft (4m) high. H to 40ft (12m),

S 10ft (3m). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Kalanchoe daigremontiana

(Mexican hat plant)

Erect, perennial succulent with a stem
bearing fleshy, boat-shaped, toothed
leaves. Produces a plantlet in each leaf
notch. Umbels of pink flowers appear
at stem tops in winter. H to 3ft (lm),

S 12in (30cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

492 ... A

-:o:- 6 zu hi l-i

Adromischus maculatus

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with rounded, glossy, green leaves with
purple marks. Leaf tips are often wavy.
Carries tubular, purplish-white flowers,
on a 12in (30cm) tall stem, in summer.

H 2V 2 in (6cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Min. 45°F (7°C).

6 Hii-io

Echinopsis spachiana (Torch cactus)

Clump-forming, perennial cactus

with glossy, green stems bearing 10-15
ribs and pale golden spines. Fragrant,
funnel-shaped, white flowers open at
night in summer. H and S 6ft (2m).

Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Echinopsis candicans

Clump-forming, branching, perennial
cactus with up to 11 ribs. Areoles each
have 10-15 radial spines and 4 central
ones. Fragrant, funnel-shaped, white
flowers open at night in summer.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Min. 46°F (8°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Echinocereus schmollii
(Lamb's-tail cactus)

Erect to prostrate, tuberous cactus
with 8-10-ribbed, purplish-green stems
and mostly white spines. Has pinkish-
purple flowers in spring-summer.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 46°F (8°C).

Haworthia truncata

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal fan of broad, erect, rough,
blue-gray leaves with pale gray lines
and flat ends. Produces small, tubular,
white flowers, with spreading petals,
from spring to fall. H 3 Ain (2cm),

S 4in (10cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

■-0 6 Zll H12-10

Aloe vera

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with basal rosettes of tapering, thick
leaves, mottled green, later gray-green.
Flower stems carry bell-shaped, yellow
flowers in summer. Propagate by offsets
as plant is sterile. H 24in (60cm),

S indefinite. Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 ® Z10-11 Hll-10

C) hii-io

Dioscorea elephantipes

(Elephant's foot)

Very slow-growing, deciduous, perennial
succulent with a domed, woody trunk,
annual, climbing stems and yellow
flowers in fall. H 20in (50cm), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Z8-10 Hll-10

Lophophora williamsii

(Dumpling cactus, Mescal button)

Very slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial cactus with an 8-ribbed,
blue-green stem. Masses of pink flowers
appear in summer on plants over l^in
(3cm) high. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm).

Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 Z9-11 H12-7

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Pachycereus schottii

Columnar, perennial cactus, branching
with age. Olive- to dark green stem.

covered with small, white spines, bears
4-15 ribs. Funnel-shaped, pink flowers
are produced at night in summer.

H 22ft (7m), S 6ft (2m). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 HI 1-10

Rhipsalis floccosa

Pendent, perennial cactus with
cylindrical, green stems, to (1cm)
across, branching less than many other
Rhipsalis species. Has masses of very
pale pink flowers in early summer,
then pinkish-white fruits. H 3ft (lm),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

C) hi l-io

Oreocereus celsianus
(Old man of the Andes)

Slow-growing, perennial cactus.

Has heavy and wispy spines. Mature
plants bear pink flowers in summer.
H 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm). Min. 50°F
(10°C).

0 £> HI 1-1

Epithelantha micromeris

Slow-growing, spherical, perennial
cactus with a green stem completely
obscured by close-set areoles bearing
tiny, white spines. Bears funnel-shaped,
pale pinkish-red flowers, V4in (0.5cm)
across, on a woolly crown in summer.

H and S lV 2 in (4cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Duvalia corderoyi

Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
Has a prostrate, leafless stem with
6 often purple, indistinct ribs. Bears
star-shaped, dull green flowers, VAn
(lcm) across and covered in purple
hairs, in summer-fall. H 2in (5cm),

S 24in (60cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

6 hi l-io

Euphorbia obesa (Living baseball)

Spherical, perennial succulent.
Spineless, dark green stem, often
checkered light green, has 8 low ribs.
Crown bears rounded heads of cupped,
yellow flowers in summer. H 5in (12cm),
S 6in (15cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

0- 6 ® HI 1-10

ALOES

Aloes are abundant in Mediterranean and African
gardens. There is a huge range of species and hybrids
providing a kaleidoscope of growth forms, flowers,
and leaf variegation. Unlike agaves, aloes do not die
after flowering, but gradually produce a trunk, becoming
shrubs or small trees. Aloes typically produce their
leaves singly, and the center of the rosette is usually
hollow, reminiscent of a bromeliad. A few species, such
as A. aristata, are frost-hardy, and can be grown in rock
gardens or at the base of a south-facing wall in mild areas.

A. striata ® A. variegata ®

A. aristata ®

A. ciliaris ® A. hemmingii ®

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersl

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

GREEN

Pachypodium lamerei

Treelike, perennial succulent with a
spiny, pale green stem crowned by linear
leaves. Has fragrant, trumpet-shaped,
creamy-white flowers in summer, on
plants over 5ft (1.5m) tall. Stems branch
after flowering. H 20ft (6m), S 6ft (2m).
Min. 52°F (Min.ll°C).

0 6 Hll-6

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3

H

Pachycereus marginatus

(Organ-pipe cactus)

Columnar, perennial cactus with a 5-
or 6-ribbed, branching, shiny stem.
Areoles bear minute spines. Produces
funnel-shaped, white flowers in summer.
H 22ft (7m), S 10ft (3m). Min. 52°F (11°C).

Epiphyllum anguliger

(Fishbone cactus)

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Has strap-shaped, flattened, green stems
with indented margins. Produces
tubular, 4in (10cm) wide, white flowers
in summer. H 3ft (lm), S 16in (40cm).
Min. 52°F (11°C).

0 6 Zll HI 1-1

Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides

Columnar, perennial cactus. Has
gray-green to dark green stems.

4in (10cm) across, with 8-10 ribs and
1 or 2 black spines per areole. Funnel-
shaped, wine-red flowers appear in
summer. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 59°F (15°C).

YELLOW

Opuntia humifusa

Prostrate, perennial cactus. Each areole
bears up to 3 spines, l^in (3cm) long.
Has flat, rounded to oval, purple-tinged,
dark green stem segments, 3-7in
(7-18cm) long. Bears 3in (8cm) wide,
yellow flowers in spring-summer. Keep
dry in winter. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft (lm).

0 6 ® Zll Hll-9

Conophytum bilobum

Slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial succulent with 2-lobed,
fleshy, green leaves, each VMn (4cm)
long and %in (2cm) wide. Has a flared,
yellow flower, VAin (3cm) across,
in fall. H lV 2 in (4cm), S 6in (15cm).
Min. 39°F (4°C).

Astrophytum myriostigma
(Bishop's cap, Bishop's mitre)

Slow-growing, spherical to slightly
elongated, perennial cactus. A fleshy
stem has 4-6 ribs and is flecked with
tiny tufts of white spines. Bears yellow
flowers in summer. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hii-io

Ferocactus cylindraceus

Slow-growing, columnar, perennial
cactus, spherical when young. Green,
10-20-ribbed stem has large, hooked,
red or yellow spines. Funnel-shaped,
yellow flowers form in summer on plants
over lOin (25cm) across. H 10ft (3m),

S 32in (80cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

0 6 Hll-10

0 6 Hll-10

0 6 hii-io

494

Caralluma joannis

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with blue-gray stems and rudimentary
leaves on stem angles. Bears clusters of
star-shaped, purple flowers, with short,
fine hairs on petal tips, in late summer
near stem tips. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (lm).
Min. 52°F (11°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Melocactus intortus (Melon cactus)

Flattened spherical, perennial cactus.
Has an 18-20-ribbed stem with yellow-
brown spines. Crown matures to a
white column with brown spines. Bears
pink flowers in summer. H 8in (20cm),

S lOin (25cm). Min. 59°F (15°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Mammillaria elongata (Lace cactus)

Clump-forming, perennial cactus. Has
a columnar, green stem, VAin (3cm)
across, densely covered with yellow,
golden or brown spines. Bears
cream flowers in summer. Offsets
freely. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 hii-io

Rhombophyllum rhomboideum

Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
Linear, glossy, gray-green leaves have
expanded middles and white margins.
Stems, %-2in (2-5cm) long, bear 3-7
yellow flowers, to lV 2 in (4cm) across,
in summer. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Astrophytum ornatum

Elongated, spherical, perennial cactus
with a very fleshy, 8-ribbed stem. Crown
of each rib bears 2-VMn (5-1 lcm) long
spines on each raised areole. Has
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
summer. H 6in (15cm), S 5in (12cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Lithops pseudotruncatella
subsp. dendritica

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent.

divided into 2 unequal-sized, gray leaves
with dark green and red marks on upper
surfaces. Has a yellow flower in summer
or fall. H 3 /4-l!4in (2-3cm), S VMn (4cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Pleiospilos bolusii
(Living rock, Mimicry plant)

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with 1 or 2 pairs of gray leaves, often
wider than long and narrowing at
incurved tips. Has golden-yellow flowers
in early fall. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Echinopsis aurea

Columnar, perennial cactus. Has narrow,
much-ribbed, green stems covered
with pale, radial spines often surrounded
by 1-3 very sturdy, central spines,
to lin (2.5cm) long. Produces yellow
flowers in summer. H and S 4in (10cm).
Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Zll H12-10

Clottipbyllum nelii

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with semicylindrical, fleshy, green
leaves, to VMn (5cm) long. Carries
daisylike, golden-yellow flowers,

VMn (5cm) across, in spring-summer.
H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Min.

41°F (5°C).

0 6 HI 1-10

Pleiospilos compactus

Clump-forming, perennial succulent

with 1 or 2 pairs of thick, gray leaves, to
3in (8cm) long. Bears coconut-scented,
yellow flowers in early fall. H 4in (10cm),
S 12in (30cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

Lithops schwantesii

Egg-shaped, perennial succulent,
divided into 2 unequal-sized leaves
with blue or red marks on upper
surface. Has a yellow flower in late
summer or fall. H 3 A-VAin (2-3cm),
S VAin (3cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Aichryson x aizoides var.
domesticum 'Variegatum'

Prostrate, perennial succulent with
stems crowned by rosettes of hairy,
cream-marked, green leaves, sometimes
pure cream. Has star-shaped, yellow
flowers in spring. H 6in (15cm),

S 16in (40cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

& Hii-io

Fenestraria rhopalophylla
subsp. aurantiaca (Baby's toes)

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of glossy leaves.
Has yellow flowers in late summer
and fall. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 43°F (6°C).

0 6 Z10-11 H12-6 0 6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Faucaria tigrina (Tiger-jaws)

Clump-forming, stemless, perennial
succulent. Fleshy, green leaves,

2in (5cm) long, have 9 or 10 teeth
along each margin. Bears daisylike,
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
in fall. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 43°F (6°C).

0 6 Hll-10

Thelocactus setispinus

Slow-growing, perennial cactus with
a 13-ribbed stem and yellow or white
spines. Fragrant, yellow flowers with
red throats appear in summer, only
on plants over 2in (5cm) across.

H and S 12in (30cm). Min. 45°F (7°C).

0 6 Z12-15 H12-10

Sclerocactus scheeri

Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.
Stem bears spines and, in spring,
funnel-shaped, straw-colored flowers.
Lowest and longest spines are darker
and hooked. H 4in (10cm), S 2V£in (6cm).
Min. 45-50°F (7-10°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

495

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

TENDER AND EXOTIC
PLANTS

CACTI AND OTHER SUCCULENTS

YELLOW ORANGE

Titanopsis calcarea

Clump-forming, perennial succulent
with a basal rosette of very fleshy,
triangular, blue-gray leaves covered
in wartlike, gray-white and beige
tubercles. Has yellow flowers from
fall to spring. H VAin (3cm), S 4in (10cm).
Min. 46°F (8°C).

Disocactus 'Jennifer Ann'

Erect, then pendent, perennial cactus.
Has strap-shaped, flattened, green
stems with toothed margins. Bears
yellow flowers, 6in (15cm) across,
in spring. H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm).
Min. 50°F (10°C).

Echinocereus triglochidiatus
var. paucispinus

Clump-forming, perennial cactus with
a 4in (10cm) wide, dark green stem that
has 6 or 7 ribs, and 4-6 spines, VA-VMn
(3-4cm) long, per areole. Has orange-
red flowers in spring. H 8in (20cm),

S 20in (50cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

0 6 Z13-15 H12-10

6 Zll H12-10

& 6 Zll Hll-9

Rebutia arenacea

Spherical, perennial cactus. Has a
brown-green stem with white spines
on spirally arranged tubercles. Has
golden-yellow blooms, to 114in (3cm)
across, in spring. H 2in (5cm),

S 2Vi\n (6cm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Opuntia tunicata

Mounded, perennial cactus. Cylindrical,
green stem segments are covered
with 2in (5cm) long, golden spines,
enclosed in a silver papery sheath.

Bears shallowly saucer-shaped, yellow
flowers in spring-summer. H 2ft (60cm),
S 3ft (lm). Min. 50°F (10°C).

Conophytum frutescens

Slow-growing, spherical, perennial
succulent forming clumps of 2-lobed,
very fleshy, gray-green leaves, often
with a red spot on edge of fissure
between the lobes. Carries copper-
orange flowers in fall. H l^in (3cm),

S indefinite. Min. 39°F (4°C).

& 6 Zll H12-1

0 6 ® Hll-1

-0 6 Zll H12-10

Parodia chrysacanthion

Spherical, perennial cactus with a
I much-ribbed, green stem densely
covered with bristlelike, golden spines,
each V 2 - 3 Ain (l-2cm) long. Crown bears
yellow flowers in spring and, often,
pale yellow wool. H and S 12in (30cm).

Min. 50°F (10°C).

496 - A

6 Hii-io o Z 13-15 H 12-10

-0 6 hii-io

Stapelia gigantea

Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
In summer-fall bears star-shaped,
red-marked, yellow-brown flowers,
12in (30cm) across, with white-haired,
recurved edges. H to 8in (20cm),

S indefinite. Min. 52°F (11°C).

Rebutia fiebrigii

Clump-forming, perennial cactus.

Has a dark green stem densely covered
with soft, white spines, to !4in (0.5cm)
long. Bears bright orange flowers,
3 A-VAm (2-3cm) across, in late
spring. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

Lampranthus aurantiacus

Erect, then prostrate, sparse-branching
perennial succulent with short,
cylindrical, tapering, gray-green
leaves. Masses of daisylike, bright
orange flowers, 2in (5cm) wide,
open in summer sun. H 20in (50cm),

S 28in (70cm). Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 hii-io

Malephora crocea

Erect or spreading, perennial succulent
with semi-cylindrical, blue-green
leaves on short shoots. Carries solitary
daisylike, orange-yellow flowers,
reddened on outsides, in spring-
summer. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (lm).

Min. 41°F (5°C).

6 Hii-io

Kalanchoe delagoensis

Erect, perennial succulent with long,
almost cylindrical, gray-green leaves
with reddish-brown mottling and
flattened, notched tips that form plantlets.
Bears an umbel of orange-yellow flowers
in late winter. H to 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm).
Min. 46°F (8°C).

6 Hll-10

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PLANT DICTIONARY

A complete listing of more than 8,000 plants, suitable for growing in temperate
gardens worldwide. Includes full descriptions of the characteristics and cultivation
of over 4,000 plants not already described in the Plant Catalog.

A

ABELIA

CAPRI FOLIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs, grown for their foliage
and freely borne flowers. Does best
against a south- or west-facing wall at the
limits of hardiness. Requires a sheltered,
sunny position and fertile, well-drained
soil. Remove dead wood in late spring and
prune out older branches after flowering
to restrict growth, if required. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

A.'Edward Goucher', illus. p.153.

A. floribunda (Mexican abelia).
Evergreen, arching shrub. H 10ft (3m),

S 12ft (4m). Has oval, glossy, dark green
leaves and, in early summer, drooping,
tubular, bright red flowers. Z8-11 Hll-8.
A. x grandiflora, illus. p.113. 'Francis
Mason' is a vigorous, semievergreen,
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Has
coppery-yellow young shoots and oval,
yellowish-green leaves, darker in centers.
Bears a profusion of fragrant, bell¬
shaped, white flowers, tinged with pink,
from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z6-9 H9-6.
A. schumannii, illus. p.154.

A. triflora , illus. p.113.

ABELIOPHYLLUM

OLEACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its winter flowers. In cold
regions grow against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Requires plenty of sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Thin out excess
older shoots after flowering each year
to encourage vigorous, young growth.
Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer.

A. distichum (Korean abelialeaf).
Deciduous, open shrub. H and S 4ft
(1.2m). In late winter produces fragrant,
star-shaped, white flowers, tinged with
pink, on bare stems; flowers may be
damaged by hard frosts. Leaves are oval
and dark green. Z5-9 H9-1.

ABIES

Silver fir

PINACEAE

Genus of tall conifers with whorled
branches. Spirally arranged leaves are
needlelike, flattened, usually soft and
often have silvery bands beneath. Bears

erect cones that ripen in their first fall
to release seeds and scales. See also
CONIFERS.

A. alba (European silver fir). Fast¬
growing, conical conifer. H 50-80ft
(15-25m), S 15—25ft (5-8m). Has silvery-
gray bark and dull green leaves, silvery
beneath. Cylindrical cones, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long, ripen to red-brown.

Z5-8 H8-5.

A. amabilis (Pacific fir). Conical conifer.
H 50ft (15m), S 12-15ft (4-5m). Dense,
notched, square-tipped, glossy, dark
green leaves, banded with white beneath,
are borne on hairy, gray shoots. Oblong,
violet-blue cones are 372-6in (9-15cm)
long. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Spreading Star',

H 20in (50cm), S 12-15ft (4-5m), is a
procumbent form suitable for use as
a groundcover.

A. balsamea (Balsam fir), f. hudsonia,

syn. A. balsamea Hudsonia Group is a
dense, dwarf conifer of flattened to
globose habit. H and S 2—3ft (60cm-lm).
Has smooth, gray bark and gray-green
leaves that are semi-spirally arranged.
Z3-6 H6-1. Hudsonia Group. See A.
balsamea f. hudsonia. 'Nana' is another
dwarf form that makes a dense, globose
mound with leaves that are spirally
arranged.

A. cephalonica (Greek fir). Upright
conifer with a conical crown; old trees
have massive, spreading, erect branches.
H 70-100ft (20-30m), S 15-30ft (5-10m).
Sharp, stiff, glossy, deep green leaves
are whitish-green beneath. Cylindrical,
tapered cones, 4-6in (10-15cm) long, are
brown when ripe. Z5-6 H6-5. 'Meyer's
Dwarf' (illus. p.105), H 20in (50cm),

S 5ft (1.5m), has short leaves and forms a
spreading, flat topped-mound.

A. concolor (White fir). Upright conifer.
H 50-100ft (15-30m), S 15-25ft (5-8m). Has
widely spreading, blue-green or gray
leaves and cylindrical, green or pale blue
cones, 3-5in (8-12cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.
'Argentea', illus. p.95. 'Compacta',
syn. A. concolor 'Glauca Compacta'

(illus. p.105), H 6ft (2m), S 6-10ft (2-3m),
is a cultivar with steel-blue foliage.
'Glauca Compacta'. See A. concolor
'Compacta'.

A. delavayi (Delavay's fir). Upright
conifer producing tiered, spreading
branches. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 12-20ft
(4-6m). Has maroon shoots and curved,
bright deep green leaves, spirally
arranged, with vivid silver bands beneath
and rolled margins. Cones are narrowly
cylindrical, 272-6in (6-15cm) long, and
violet-blue. Z8-9 H9-8.

A. forrestii , illus. p.100.

A. grandis , illus. p.98.

A. homolepis (Nikko fir). Conifer that
is conical when young, later columnar.

H 50ft (15m), S 20ft (6m). Pink-gray bark
peels in fine flakes. Has pale green leaves,
silver beneath, and cylindrical, violet-blue
cones, 3-5in (8-12cm) long. Tolerates
urban conditions. Z4-6 H6-4.

A. koreana, illus. p.104.

A. lasiocarpa (Subalpine fir). Narrowly
conical conifer. H 30-50ft (10-15m),

S 10—12ft (3-4m). Has gray or blue-green
leaves and cylindrical, violet-blue cones,
2V2-4in (6-10cm) long. Z5-6 H6-5.
var. arizonica 'Compacta', H 12—15ft
(4-5m), S 5-6ft (1.5-2m), is a slow-
growing, ovoid to conical tree with corky
bark and blue foliage. 'Roger Watson',
H and S 2V2ft (75cm), is dwarf and conical,
with silvery-gray leaves.

A. nordmanniana (Caucasian fir).
Columnar, dense conifer. H 50-80ft
(15-25m), S 15ft (5m). Luxuriant foliage
is rich green. Cylindrical cones, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long, are green-brown,
ripening to brown. Z4-6 H6-4. 'Golden
Spreader', H and S 3ft (lm), is a dwarf
form with a spreading habit and bright
golden-yellow leaves.

A. procera, illus. p.95.

A. veitchii , illus. p.96.

ABUTILON

Flowering maple

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen
or deciduous shrubs, perennials and
annuals, grown for their flowers and
foliage. Needs full sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
containerized specimens freely when in
full growth, less at other times. In the
growing season, young plants may need
tip pruning to promote bushy growth.
Mature specimens may have previous
season's stems cut back hard annually
in early spring. Tie lax-growing species
to a support if necessary. Propagate
by seed in spring or by softwood,
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
may be troublesome.

A. 'Ashford Red', illus. p.137.

A. 'Golden Fleece'. Strong-growing,
evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6—10ft
(2-3m). Has maple- to heart-shaped,
serrated, rich green leaves. Pendent,
bell-shaped, yellow flowers are borne
from spring to fall. Z12-11 H10-1.

A. 'Kentish Belle', illus. p.162.

A. megapotamicum , illus. p.203.

A. pictum of gardens, syn. A. striatum.

'Thompsonii', illus. p.325.

A. striatum. See A. pictum of gardens.

A. x suntense. Fast-growing, deciduous,
upright, arching shrub. H 15ft (5m),

S 10ft (30m) Has oval, lobed, toothed,
dark green leaves. Produces an
abundance of large, bowl-shaped, pale
to deep purple, occasionally white,
flowers from late spring to early summer.
Z13-14 Hll-6. 'Violetta', illus. p.138.

A. vitifolium. Fast-growing, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).
Masses of large, bowl-shaped, purplish-
blue flowers are produced in late spring
and early summer. Has oval, lobed,
sharply toothed, gray-green leaves. Z8-9
H9-8. var. album , illus. p.113. 'Veronica
Tennant', illus. p.114.

ACACIA

Wattle

LEGUM1NOSAE/MIMOSACEAE

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for
their tiny flowers, composed of massed
stamens, and for their foliage. Many
species have phyllodes instead of true
leaves. Requires full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

Red spider mite and mealy bug may
be problematic.

A. baileyana, illus. p.92. 'Purpurea',

illus. p.84.

A. dealhata , illus. p.211.

A. juniperina. See A. ulicifolia.

A. longifolia (Sydney golden wattle).
Evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 20ft
(6m). Has narrowly oblong, dark green
phyllodes. Bears cylindrical clusters of
golden-yellow flowers in early spring.
Z9-11 H12-1.

A. podalyriifolia (Mount Morgan
wattle, Queensland silver wattle).
Evergreen, arching shrub. H 10-15ft
(3-5m), S 10-12ft (3-4m). Has blue-green
phyllodes and produces racemes of bright
yellow flowers in spring. Zll Hll-10.

A. pravissima, illus. p.92.

A. pulchella , illus. p.458.

A. ulicifolia , syn. A. juniperina.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). Has very narrow, cylindrical,
spine-like, rich green phyllodes and,
in mid-spring, globular clusters of pale
yellow flowers. Zll-15 H12-10.

A. verticillata (Prickly Moses).
Evergreen, spreading tree or bushy
shrub. H and S 28ft (9m). Has needlelike,
dark green phyllodes and, in spring,
dense, bottle brushlike spikes of bright
yellow flowers. Zll Hll-10.

497

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ACAENA

ACAENA

New Zealand burr

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of mainly summer-flowering
subshrubs and perennials, evergreen in all
but the severest winters, grown for their
leaves and colored burs and as groundcover.
Has tight, rounded heads of small flowers. Is
good for a rock garden. Some species may
be invasive. Needs sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in early spring or by seed in fall.

A. anserinifolia. See A. novae-zelandiae.
A. buchananii. Vigorous, evergreen,
prostrate perennial. H 3 /4in (2cm), S 30in
(75cm) or more. Bears glaucous leaves
composed of 11-17 oval, toothed leaflets.
Globose, green flower heads are borne
in summer and develop into spiny, yellow-
green burs. Z6-8 H8-6.

A. caerulea. See A. caesiiglauca.

A. caesiiglauca, syn. A. caerulea , illus.
p.374.

A. microphylla, illus. p.374.

A. novae-zelandiae, syn. A. anserinifolia
of gardens. Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate
subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 30in (75cm) or
more. Has brown-green leaves, divided into
9-13 oval, toothed leaflets. In summer, red-
spined, brownish burs develop from
spherical heads of greenish-brown flowers.
Z6-8 H8-6.

A. 'Pewter'. See A. saccaticupula 'Blue
Haze'.

A. saccaticupula 'Blue Haze', syn.

A. 'Pewter'. Vigorous, evergreen, prostrate
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 30in (75cm) or
more. Leaves are divided into 9-15 oval,
toothed, steel-blue leaflets. Produces
spherical, brownish-red flower heads
that develop in fall to dark red burs with
pinkish-red spines. Z7-9 H9-7.

ACALYPHA

EUPHORBIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in
full growth, much less at other times and
in low temperatures. Stem tips of young
plants may be removed in growing season
to promote branching. Propagate by
softwood, greenwood or semiripe cuttings
in summer. Red spider mite, whitefly and
mealy bug may be troublesome.

A. hispida (Chenille plant). Evergreen,
upright, soft-stemmed shrub. H 6ft (2m)
or more, S 3—6ft (l-2m). Has oval, toothed,
lustrous, deep green leaves. Tiny, crimson
flowers hang in long, dense, catkin-like
spikes, intermittently year-round. May be
grown as a short-lived cordon. Zll Hll-6.
A. wilkesiana, illus. p.456.

ACANTHOLIMON

Prickly thrift

PLUMBAGINACEAE

498

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their flowers and tight cushions of spiny
leaves. Is suitable for rock gardens and
walls. Prefers sun and well-drained soil.
Dislikes damp winters. Seed is rarely set in
cultivation. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in late spring.

A. glumaceum, illus. p.363.

A. venustum. Evergreen, cushion¬
forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm).
Small spikes of star-shaped, pink flowers,
on lVdn (3cm) stems, are produced from
late spring to early summer amid rosetted,
spear-shaped, spiny, blue-green leaves
that are edged with silver. Needs a very
hot, well-drained site. Makes an excellent
alpine house plant. Z7-9 H9-7.

Acanthopanax. See Eleutherococcus,
except for A. ricinifolius, for which see
Kalopanax septemlobus.

ACANTHUS

Bear's breeches

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
semievergreen, grown for their large,
deeply cut leaves and their spikes of
flowers. Prefers full sun, warm conditions
and well-drained soil, but will tolerate
shade. Protect crowns in first winter after
planting. Long, thong-like roots make
plants difficult to eradicate if wrongly
placed. Propagate by seed or division in
early fall or spring, or by root cuttings
in winter.

A. balcanicus. See A. hungaricus.

A. dioscoridis. Upright, architectural
perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm). Has
oval, deeply cut, rigid, basal leaves and
hairy stems. Dense spikes of small, funnel-
shaped, purple-and-white flowers are
produced in summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

A. hungaricus, syn. A. balcanicus,

A. longifolius (Balkan bear's breeches).
Upright perennial. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm),

S 3ft (lm). Has long, deeply cut, basal,
dark green leaves. Spikes of white or pink-
flushed flowers, set in spiny, red-purple
bracts, are borne in summer. Z6-9 H9-5.

A. longifolius. See A. hungaricus.

A. mollis (Common bear's breeches).
Semievergreen, stately, upright perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm). Has long, oval,
deeply cut, bright green leaves and, in
summer, produces many spikes of funnel-
shaped, mauve-and-white flowers. Z7-11
HU-7. Hollard's Gold', illus. p.219.

A. spinosus (Spiny bear's breeches),
illus. p.239.

ACCA

syn. FEUOA

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, opposite-leaved
shrubs, grown for their shallowly cup¬
shaped flowers. Needs a sheltered,
sunny site and light, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed sown as soon as ripe
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

A. sellowiana , illus. p.203.

ACER

Maple

ACERACEAE/SAPINDACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees
and shrubs, grown for their foliage, which
often colors brilliantly in fall and, in some
cases, for their ornamental bark or stems.
Small, but often attractive flowers are
followed by 2-winged fruits. Requires sun
or semi-shade and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Many acers produce their best
fall color on neutral to acid soil. Propagate
species by seed as soon as ripe or in fall;

cultivars by various grafting methods in
late winter or early spring, or by budding
in summer. Leaf-eating caterpillars or
aphids sometimes infest plants, and maple
tar spot may affect A. platanoides and
A. pseudoplatanus.

A. buergerianum (Trident maple).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 30ft (10m) or
more, S 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed, glossy, dark
green leaves, usually providing long-lasting
display of red, orange and purple in fall.
Z5-9 H9-5.

A. capillipes, illus. p.77.

A. cappadocicum (Cappadocian maple).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 50ft (15m). Has 5-lobed, bright green
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Z5-7 H7-5.
'Aureum' has bright yellow young leaves
that turn light green in summer and
assume yellow fall tints. Z5-7 H7-5. subsp.
lobeiii, syn. A. lobelii (Lobel's maple)
illus. p.62.

A. carpinifolium, illus. p.88.

A. circinatum (Vine maple). Deciduous,
spreading, bushy tree or shrub. H 15ft (5m)
or more, S 20ft (6m). Rounded, 7-9-lobed,
mid-green leaves turn brilliant orange and
red in fall. Bears clusters of small, purple-
and-white flowers in spring. Z6-9 H9-4.

A. cissifolium (Ivy-leaved maple).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 25ft (8m),

S 40ft (12m). Leaves consist of 3 oval,
toothed leaflets, bronze-tinged when
young, dark green in summer, turning
red and yellow in fall. Prefers partial
shade and neutral to acid soil. Z4-8 H8-1.
subsp. henryi. See A. henryi.

A. crataegifolium (Hawthorn maple).
Deciduous, arching tree. H and S 30ft (10m).
Branches are streaked green and white.
Small, oval, mid-green leaves turn orange
in fall. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Veitchii' illus. p.85.

A. davidii (David's maple, Snakebark
maple), illus. p.78. Deciduous tree with
upright branches. H and S 50ft (15m).
Branches are striped green and white.

Oval, glossy, dark green leaves often
turn yellow or orange in fall. Z5-7 H7-5.
subsp. grosseri. See A. grossed.
'Madeline Spitta', illus. p.76.

A. ginnala. See A. tataricum subsp. ginnala.
A. giraldii. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 30ft (10m). Shoots have blue-gray
bloom. Large, sycamore-like, shallowly
lobed leaves, with long, pink stalks, are
dark green above, blue-white beneath.

Z7-9 H9-7.

A. grandidentatum. See A. saccharum
subsp. grandidentatum.

A. griseum (Paperbark maple), illus. p.78.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 30ft
(10m). Has peeling, orange-brown bark.
Dark green leaves have 3 leaflets and turn
red and orange in fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. grosseri, syn. A. davidii subsp. grosseri
(Snakebark maple), illus. p.78. Deciduous,
upright and spreading tree. H and S 30ft
(10m). Has white-striped trunk and
branches. Broadly oval, deeply lobed, bright
green leaves turn red in fall. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. henryi, syn. A. cissifolium subsp.
henryi, illus. p.76.

A. japonicum (Fullmoon maple, Japanese
maple). Deciduous, bushy tree or shrub.

H and S 30ft (10m). Rounded, lobed leaves
are mid-green, turning red in fall. Clusters
of small, reddish-purple flowers open in
mid-spring. Shelter from strong winds.
Z5-7 H7-1. 'Aconitifolium', illus. p.90.

'Aureum'. See A. shirasawanum 'Aureum'.
'Vitifolium', illus. p.77.

A. laxiflorum, syn. A. pectinatum subsp.
laxiflorum, illus. p.92.

A. lobelii. See A. cappadocicum subsp.
lobelii.

A. macrophyllum, illus. p.60.

A. maximowiczianum, syn. A. nikoense
(Nikko maple). Slow-growing, deciduous,
round-headed tree. H and S 40ft (12m).
Leaves have 3 oval, bluish-green leaflets
that turn brilliant red and yellow in fall.
Z6-9 H9-6.

A. monspessulanum (Montpelier maple).
Deciduous, usually compact, round-headed
tree or shrub. H and S 40ft (12m). Small,
3-lobed, glossy, dark green leaves remain
on tree until late fall. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. negundo (Ash-leaved maple. Box
elder). Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Bright green
leaves have 3-5 oval leaflets. Clusters of
inconspicuous, greenish-yellow flowers
are borne in late spring. Z5-8 H8-3.
'Variegatum', illus. p.74. var. vioiaceum
has purplish branchlets covered in a
glaucous bloom and prominent clusters
of tassel-like, purplish-pink flowers.

A. nikoense. See A. maximowiczianum.

A. opalus (Italian maple). Deciduous,
round-headed tree. H and S 50ft (15m).
Clusters of small, yellow flowers emerge
from early to mid-spring, before foliage.
Leaves are broad, 5-lobed and dark green,
turning yellow in fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

A. palmatum (Japanese maple).

Deciduous, bushy-headed shrub or tree.

H and S 20ft (6m) or more. Palmate, deeply
lobed, mid-green leaves turn brilliant
orange, red or yellow in fall. Clusters of
small, reddish-purple flowers are borne in
mid-spring. Z6-8 H8-2. 'Atropurpureum',
illus. p.89. 'Bloodgood', illus. p.138.
'Butterfly' has gray-green leaves edged
with cream and pink. 'Chitose-yama' has
mid-green foliage that gradually turns
brilliant red from late summer to fall.
'Corallinum', illus. p.123. var. coreanum
has mid-green leaves turning brilliant
red in fall. 'Dissectum Atropurpureum',
syn. A. palmatum 'Ornatum' illus. p.156.
var. heptalobum, illus. p.U7. var.
heptalobum 'Lutescens' has large leaves
that become clear yellow in fall. Winged
fruits follow flowers, var. heptalobum
'Bubrum', illus. p.U5. 'Lorbergii'. See
A. platanoides 'Palmatifidum'. 'Ornatum'.
See A. palmatum 'Dissectum
Atropurpureum'. 'Osakazuki', illus. p.90.
'Sango-kaku', syn. A. palmatum 'Senkaki'
(Coralbark maple), illus. p.78. Young winter
shoots are coral-pink; the orange-yellow
leaves turn green, becoming pink and
finally yellow in fall. Z6-8 H8-2. 'Senkaki'.
See A. palmatum 'Sango-kaku'.
'Shindeshojo', illus. p.123.

A. pectinatum subsp. laxiflorum. See
A. laxiflorum.

A. pensylvanicum, illus. p.79.
'Erythrocladum' (illus. p.78), is a
deciduous, upright tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 20ft (6m). Has brilliant candy-pink, young
shoots in winter and large, boldly lobed,
mid-green leaves that turn bright yellow
in fafi. Z3-7 H7-1.

A. platanoides (Norway maple).

Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Has large, broad,
sharply lobed, bright green leaves that

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

turn yellow or orange in fall and clusters
of yellow flowers borne in mid-spring
before the leaves appear. Considered
invasive in northeastern North America.
Z3-7 H7-1. Columnare', H 40ft (12m),

S 25ft (8m), is dense and columnar.
'Crimson King', illus. p.60.
'Drummondii' has leaves broadly edged
with creamy-white. 'Emerald Queen'
is upright when young. 'Globosum',

H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m), has a dense,
round crown. 'Palmatiiidum', syn. A.
palmatum 'Lorbergii' illus. p.67.

'Royal Red' has deep reddish-purple
leaves. Those of 'Schwedleri' are
bright red when young, maturing to
purplish-green in summer and turn
orange-red in fall. 'Summershade'
has dark green leaves.

A. pseudoplatanus (Sycamore). Fast¬
growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Has broadly
5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes a fine
specimen tree and is good for an exposed
position. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Rrilliantissimum',
illus. p.84. f. erythrocarpum, illus. p.65.
'Simon-Louis Freres', illus. p.73.

A. rubrum, illus. p.66. 'Columnare',
illus. p.76. 'October Glory' is a deciduous,
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m).
Has 3- or 5-lobed, glossy, dark green leaves
that become intense red in fall, particularly
on neutral to acid soil. In spring, bare
branches are covered with clusters of
tiny, red flowers. Z3-9 H9-1. Red Sunset
('Franksred') has dense growth that
also turns brilliant red in fall. Z3-9 H9-1.
'Scanlon', illus. p.66. 'Schlesingeri',
illus. p.66.

A. rufinerve, illus. p.76. f. albolimbatum.

See A. rufinerve 'Hatsuyuki'. 'Hatsuyuki',
syn. A. rufinerve f. albolimbatum is a
deciduous, arching tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 25ft (8m). Branches are striped green
and white. Has 3-lobed, mid-green leaves,
mottled and edged with white, that turn
orange and red in fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

A. saccharinum, illus. p.63.
f. laciniatum 'Wieri' is a fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree with pendent,
lower branches. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft
(15m). Deeply lobed, mid-green leaves,
with silver undersides, turn yellow in
fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. saccharum (Sugar maple), subsp.
grandidentatum, syn. A.
grandidentatum (Sugar maple) is a
deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 30ft
(10m) or more. Broad 3- or 5-lobed,
bright green leaves turn bright
orange-red in early fall. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Green Mountain', H 70ft (20m),

S 40ft (12m), is upright. Large, 5-lobed
leaves turn brilliant scarlet in fall.
'Temple's Upright', illus. p.77.

A. shirasawanum 'Aureum', syn. A.
japonicum 'Aureum', illus. p.89.

A. tataricum subsp. ginnala, syn.

A. ginnala , illus. p.90.

A. triflorum, illus. p.91.

A. velutinum (Persian maple). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m).
Produces large, sycamore-like, lobed, dark
green leaves, with undersides covered
with pale brown down. Z7-9 H9-7. var.
vanvolxemii (Van Volxem's maple) has
even larger leaves, slightly glaucous and
smooth beneath.

ACHILLEA

Yarrow

ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE ~

Genus of mainly upright perennials, some
of which are semievergreen, suitable for
borders and rock gardens. Has fernlike
foliage and large, usually platelike, flower
heads mainly in summer. Flower heads
may be dried for winter decoration.
Tolerates most soils but does best in
a sunny, well-drained site. Tall species
and cultivars need staking. Propagate
by division in early spring or fall or by
softwood cuttings in early summer.

(D Contact with foliage may aggravate
skin allergies.

A. aegyptica. See A. 'Taygetea'.

A. argentea. See Tanacetum argenteum.

A. argentea of gardens. See A. clavennae.
A. 'Belle Epoque', illus. p.247.
Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark
green, basal leaves and bears flat heads
of rose-red flowers, maturing to lemon-
yellow, in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. 'Christine's Pink', illus. p.247.
Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(90cm), S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark
green, basal leaves. In summer produces
flat heads of pale pink flowers, which
fade as they age. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. clavennae , syn. A. argentea , illus. p.359.
A. clypeolata. Semievergreen, upright
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
divided, hairy, silver leaves and dense, flat
heads of small, yellow flowers in summer.
Divide plants regularly in spring. Z3-9 H9-1.
A. 'Coronation Gold'. Upright perennial.
H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery,
silvery leaves. Produces large, flat heads
of small, golden flower heads in summer
that dry well for winter decoration. Divide
and replant every third year. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. 'Fanal', syn. A. The Beacon', illus. p.235.
A. filipendulina (Fernleaf yarrow).
Upright perennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Has deeply divided, pale green,
basal leaves. In summer, erect flowering
stems bear dense, domed heads of tiny,
daisylike, bright yellow flowers. Is good
for cut flowers and drying them. Z3-9
H9-1. 'Gold Plate', illus. p.243. 'Parker's
Variety' (illus. p.247), H to 472ft (1.4m), has
rather rounded flower heads.

A. 'Heidi', illus. p.247. Semievergreen,
upright perennial. H 24in (60cm) or more,

S 16in (40cm). Has feathery, dark green,
basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pink
flowers, maturing to near white, in
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. x kellereri , illus. p.360.

A. 'Lachsschonheit', illus. p.247.
Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm) or more, S 16in (40cm). Has feathery,
dark green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads
of pinkish-orange flowers, maturing to
pinkish-cream, in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. x lewisii 'King Edward'.
Semievergreen, rounded, compact, woody-
based perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm)
or more. Has feathery, soft, gray-green
leaves. Bears compact heads of minute,
buff-yellow flower heads in summer. Is
suitable for a rock garden, wall or bank.
Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Lucky Break'. Semievergreen,
upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more,

S 20in (50cm). Has feathery, silvery-green.

basal leaves. Bears flat heads of pale yellow
flowers, maturing to creamy-white, in
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. millefolium (Yarrow). Variable,
spreading, sometimes invasive perennial.

H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has
long, narrow, divided, dark green, basal
leaves. From late spring to late summer,
erect flowering stems bear flattened heads
of tiny, daisylike, white or sometimes pink
flowers. Thrives on poor soil. Z3-9 H9-1.
'Fire King' has dark green leaves and
rich red flowers in summer. 'Kelwayi'
(illus. p.247), H 2ft (60cm), produces heads
of rich red flower heads. 'Red Velvet'

(illus. p.247), H 24in (60cm), bears rich
rose-red flowers. 'Tickled Pink',

H 32-39in (80-100cm), is variable and
produces flower heads from rich red-pink
to softer, pastel shades.

A. 'Moonshine'. Upright perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has flat heads
of bright yellow flowers throughout
summer above a mass of small, feathery,
gray-green leaves. Divide plants regularly
in spring. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Paprika'. Semievergreen, upright
perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more, S 16in
(40cm). Has feathery, silvery-green, basal
leaves. Bears flat heads of rich rusty-red
flowers in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. 'Pretty Belinda'. Semievergreen,
upright perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 16in
(40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark green,
basal leaves. In summer bears a succession
of rounded, deep pink flower heads, fading
gradually to a softer color, creating a
2-tone effect. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. ptarmica 'The Pearl', illus. p.247.
Upright perennial. H and S 30in (75cm).

Has large heads of small, pompon-like,
white flowers in summer and tapering,
glossy, dark green leaves. May spread
rapidly. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Schwellenburg'. Spreading
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).

Has branched stems and gray-green leaves.
Silvery buds are followed by lemon-yellow
flower heads from early summer to early
fall. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. 'Summerwine'. Semievergreen,
upright perennial. H 32in (80cm) or more,

S 16in (40cm) or more. Has feathery, dark-
green, basal leaves. In summer bears flat
heads of deep red flowers maturing to soft
purplish-brown. Z4-9 H9-2.

A. 'Taygetea', syn. A. aegyptica. Upright
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).

Has lemon-yellow flowers above clumps
of feathery, gray leaves. Divide and replant
every third year. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Terracotta', illus. p.247.
Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has feathery, gray-
green, basal leaves. Bears flat heads of
burnt-orange flowers, maturing to cream,
in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. 'The Beacon'. See A. 'Fanal'.

ACHIMENES

Hot-water plant

GESNERIACEAE

Genus of erect or trailing perennials with
small rhizomes and showy flowers. Prefers
bright light, but not direct sunlight, and
well-drained soil. Use tepid water for
watering pot-grown plants. Allow plants to
dry out after flowering and store rhizomes

ACIS

in a frost-free place over winter. Propagate
by division of rhizomes or by seed, if
available, in spring or by stem cuttings
in summer.

A. antirrhina. Erect perennial. H and
S 14in (35cm) or more. Has oval, toothed
leaves, to 2in (5cm) or more long and of
unequal size in each opposite pair. In
summer bears funnel-shaped, red-orange
flowers, to lVzin (4cm) long, with yellow
throats. Z15 HU-1.

A. 'Brilliant'. Erect, compact perennial.

H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed
leaves and, in summer, large, funnel-
shaped, scarlet flowers. Z15 HU-1.

A. coccinea. See A. erecta.

A. erecta, syn. A. coccinea, A. pulchella.
Erect, bushy, branching perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly oval,
toothed leaves, often arranged in whorls
of 3. Tubular, scarlet flowers with yellow
eyes are produced in summer.

Z15 HU-1.

A. grandifiora. Erect perennial. H and
S to 24in (60cm). Oval, toothed leaves
are often reddish below. In summer has
tubular, dark pink to purple flowers with
white eyes. Z15 HU-1.

A. 'Little Beauty', illus. p.469.

A. 'Paul Arnold'. Erect, compact, free-
flowering perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
Has oval, toothed leaves. Bears large,
funnel-shaped, purple flowers in summer.
Z15HU-1.

A. 'Peach Blossom'. Trailing perennial.

H and S to lOin (25cm). Has oval, toothed
leaves, and large, funnel-shaped, peach-
colored flowers in summer. Z15 HU-1.

A. pulchella. See A. erecta.

Achnatherum calamagrostis. See

Stipa calamagrostis.

Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae.

See Gladiolus murielae.

Acidanthera murielae. See Gladiolus
murielae.

ACIPHYLLA

Bayonet plant , Speargrass
UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
mainly for the architectural value of their
spiky foliage but also for their flowers,
which are produced more freely on male
plants. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Protect neck of plant from winter wet with
a deep layer of stone chippings. Propagate
by seed when fresh, in late summer, or in
early spring.

A. aurea, illus. p.227.

A. scott-thomsonii (Giant Spaniard).
Evergreen, rosette-forming perennial.

H to 14ft (4.5m), S 2-3ft (60cm-lm). Much-
dissected, spiny foliage is bronze when
young, maturing to silver-gray. Prickly
spikes of tiny, creamy-yellow flowers are
rarely produced. Prefers moist but well-
drained soil. Z8-U HU-8.

A. squarrosa, illus. p.242.

ACIS

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or
spring. Some species prefer a moist,
partially shaded site; others do best in sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in spring or early fall or by seed in fall.

499

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ACOKANTHERA

A. autumnalis , syn. Leucojum autumnale
(Autumn snowflake), illus. p.424.

A. rosea, syn. Leucojum roseum. Early
fall-flowering bulb. H to 4in (10cm), S l-2in
(2.5-5cm). Slender stems bear usually
solitary, pale pink flowers, Vzin (1cm) long.
Threadlike, erect, basal leaves appear with,
or just after, flowers. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil. Z3-9 H9-1.

Acnistus australis. See lochroma
australe.

ACOKANTHERA

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Requires full light and
good drainage. Water container plants
moderately, less when not in full growth.
Propagate by seed in spring or fall or by
semiripe cuttings in summer. ® The sap
and small, plum-like fruits that follow
the flowers are highly toxic if ingested.
A. oblongifolia, syn. A. spectabilis,
Carissa spectabilis (Wintersweet), illus.
p.453.

A. spectabilis. See A. oblongifolia.

ACONITUM

Aconite, Monkshood, Wolf's bane

RANUNCULACEAE

A

500

Genus of perennials with poisonous,
tuberous or fibrous roots and upright,
sometimes scandent, stems, bearing
curious, hooded flowers in summer. Leaves
are mostly rounded in outline. Is good
when grown in rock gardens and borders.
Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates
some shade and this may enhance flower
color. Requires fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in fall, every 2-3
years, or by seed in fall. ® Contact with
the foliage may irritate skin; all parts are
highly toxic if ingested.

A. anthora. Compact, tuberous perennial.
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has erect,
leafy stems that bear several hooded,
yellow flowers in summer. Leaves are
divided and dark green. Z5-8 H8-5.

A. x bicolor. See A. x cammarum 'Bicolor'.
A. 'Bressingham Spire'. Compact,
upright, tuberous perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 20in (50cm). Very erect spikes of hooded,
violet-blue flowers are produced in
summer. Bears deeply divided leaves that
are glossy and dark green. Z3-7 H8-3.

A. x cammarum 'Bicolor', syn. A. x
bicolor, illus. p.239.

A. carmichaelii 'Arends', syn. A.
carmichaelii 'Arendsii'. Erect, tuberous
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
divided, rich green leaves and, in fall,
spikes of hooded, rich deep blue flowers.
Upright stems may need staking,
particularly if planted in a shady site.

Z3-8 H8-3. 'Arendsii'. See A. carmichaelii
'Arends'.

A. hemsleyanum, syn. A. volubile, illus.
p.204.

A. 'Ivorine'. Upright, tuberous
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm).
Bears hooded, creamy-white flowers in
erect spikes in early summer. Strong
stems bear deeply divided, glossy, green
leaves. Z3-8 H8-3.

A. lycoctonum subsp. vulparia , syn.
A. orientale, A. vulparia, illus. p.243.

A. napellus (Helmet flower. Monkshood).
Upright, tuberous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 1ft (30cm). Bears tall, slender spires of
hooded, light indigo-blue flowers in late
summer and deeply cut, mid-green
leaves. Z3-8 H8-3. 'Albiflorus'. See
A. napellus subsp. vulgare' Albidum'.
subsp. vulgare 'Albidum', syn.

A. napellus 'Albiflorus' has white flowers.
Z3-8 H8-3.

A. 'Newry Blue'. Upright, tuberous
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm).
Produces hooded, dark blue flowers on
erect stems in summer and has deeply
divided, glossy, dark green leaves.

Z5-8 H8-5.

A. orientale. See A. lycoctonum subsp.
vulparia.

A. 'Spark's Variety'. Upright, tuberous
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm).
Bears violet-blue flowers on branching
stems in summer and has deeply
divided, glossy, dark green leaves.

Z5-8 H8-5.

A. 'Stainless Steel', illus. p.241.

A. volubile. See A. hemsleyanum.

A. vulparia. See A. lycoctonum subsp.
vulparia.

ACORUS

Sweet flag

ACORACEAE

Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
marginal and submerged water plants,
grown for their frequently aromatic
foliage. Needs an open, sunny position.
A. calamus requires up to lOin (25cm)
depth of water. Tidy up fading foliage
in fall and lift and divide plants every
3 or 4 years, in spring, as clumps
become congested.

A. calamus 'Argenteostriatus', illus.
p.435.

A. gramineus var. pusillus (Dwarf
Japanese rush). Semievergreen, perennial,
marginal water plant or submerged
aquarium plant. H and S 4in (10cm). Has
narrow, grasslike, stiff leaves. Rarely,
insignificant, greenish flower spikes are
produced in summer. Z10-11 Hll-2.
'Variegatus' (Variegated Japanese rush),
illus. p.435.

ACRADENIA

RUTACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Requires a
sheltered position in sun or semi-shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best
planted against a south- or west-facing
wall. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

A. frankliniae, illus. p.192.

Acroclinium. See Rhodanthe.

Acroclinium roseum. See Rhodanthe
chlorocephala subsp. rosea.

ACTAEA

Baneberry

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown
for their colorful, poisonous berries. Likes
woodland conditions—moist, peaty soil and
shade. Propagate by division in spring or
by seed in fall. © The berries are highly
toxic if ingested.

A. alba. See A. pachypoda.

A. alba of gardens. See A. rubra f.
neglecta.

A. erythrocarpa. See A. rubra.

A. pachypoda, syn. A. alba (Doll's eyes.
White baneberry), illus. p.246.

A. racemosa. See Cimicifuga racemosa.
A. rubra, syn. A. erythrocarpa (Red
baneberry). Clump-forming perennial.
H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Small,
fluffy, white flowers are followed in
fall by clusters of poisonous, rounded,
scarlet berries, borne above oval,
divided, bright green leaves. Z4-8
H8-1. f. neglecta, syn. A. alba has
white berries.

A. simplex. See Cimicifuga simplex.

ACTINIDIA

ACTINIDIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climbers. Grows in
partial shade but needs sun for fruit
to form and ripen. Grows in any well-
drained soil that does not dry out.

Prune in winter if necessary. Propagate
by seed in spring or fall, by semiripe
cuttings in mid-summer or by layering
in winter.

A. arguta (Hardy kiwi). Deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber.

H 22-30ft (7-10m). Has ovate to oblong-
ovate, bristle-toothed, dark green leaves,
to 5in (12cm) long. In early summer
produces clusters of fragrant, cup-shaped,
white, unisexual flowers which in male
plants have purple anthers. Oblong,
smooth-skinned, edible, yellow-green
fruits, to lin (2.5cm) long, are produced
on female plants. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Issai' is
self-fertile.

A. chinensis. See A. deliciosa.

A. deliciosa, syn. A. chinensis
(Chinese gooseberry. Kiwi fruit).
Vigorous, mainly deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H 28-30ft
(9-10m). Heart-shaped leaves are
5-8in (13-20cm) long. In summer bears
clusters of cup-shaped, white flowers
that later turn yellowish, followed by
edible, hairy, brown fruits. To obtain
fruits, both male and female plants must
usually be grown. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. kolomikta, illus. p.201.

A. pilosula. Vigorous, deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber.

H 16-22ft (5-7m). Has lance-shaped,
pointed, bristle-margined, dark green
leaves with silvery-white markings at
the leaf tips that often also cover half the
leaf surface. Clusters of cup-shaped,
pink, unisexual flowers are borne singly
or in small clusters in the leaf axils in
spring. Egg-shaped, edible, yellow-green
fruits may be produced on female plants.
Z7-9 H9-1.

A. polygama (Silver vine). Mainly
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 12-20ft (4-6m). Heart-shaped
leaves, 3-5in (7-13cm) long, are bronze
when young and sometimes have creamy
upper sections. In summer has scented,
cup-shaped, white flowers, usually
arranged in groups of 3 male, female or
bisexual, followed by edible but not very
palatable, egg-shaped, bright yellow
fruits. Z4-9 H9-7.

ADA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

A. aurantiaca, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 9in (23cm). Bears sprays of tubular,
orange flowers, lin (2.5cm) long, in early
spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4in
(10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.

HI 1-6.

ADANSONIA

Baobab

BOMBACACEAE/MALVACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
mainly spring-flowering trees, grown for
their characteristically swollen trunks, their
foliage and for shade. Has flowers only on
large, mature specimens. Requires full light
and sharply drained soil. Allow soil of
container specimens almost to dry out
between waterings. Propagate by seed
sown in spring. Pot specimens under
glass are susceptible to red spider mite.

A. digitata (Baobab). Slow-growing,
semievergreen, rounded tree. H and S 50ft
(15m) or more. Has palmate leaves of 5-7
lustrous, green leaflets. Produces fragrant,
pendent, long-stalked, white flowers, with
5 reflexed petals, in spring, followed by
edible, sausage-shaped, brown fruits. Zll
Hll-10.

ADENIUM

Desert rose

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents with fleshy,
swollen trunks. Needs sun or partial shade
and well-drained soil; plants are very prone
to rotting. Propagate by seed sown in
spring or summer. ® The milky sap that
exudes from broken stems may irritate skin
and cause severe discomfort if ingested.

A. obesum, illus. p.486.

ADENOCARPUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
shrubs, grown for their profuse, broom¬
like, yellow flowers, which are produced in
spring or early summer Requires a site in
full sun and well-drained soil. Does best
grown against a south-or west-facing wall.
Propagate by seed sown in fall.

A. viscosus. Semievergreen, arching
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Gray-green leaves
with 3 narrowly lance-shaped leaflets
densely cover shoots. Produces dense,
terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers
in late spring. Z10-11 H12-9.

ADENOPHORA

Gland bellflower

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, fleshy-rooted
perennials. Requires a site in full sun and
rich, well-drained but not over-dry soil.
May sometimes become invasive but
resents disturbance. Propagate by basal
cuttings taken in early spring or by seed
sown in fall.

A. potaninii. Rosette-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm) or more, S 24in (60cm).
Arching sprays of bell-shaped, pale bluish-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

lavender flowers are produced in late
summer. Has oval to lance-shaped, basal,
mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

Adhatoda duvernoia. See Justicia
adhatoda.

ADIANTUM

Maidenhair fern

ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns. Prefers semi-shade and
moist, neutral to acid soil (A. aleuticum
prefers alkaline soil). Remove fading fronds
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer.
A. aleuticum , syn. A. pedatum var.
aleuticum, illus. p.291.

A. capillus-veneris (Maidenhair fern).
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and
S 12in (30cm). Has dainty, triangular to
oval, segmented, arching, light green
fronds borne on black stems. Z8-11 Hll-8.
A. cuneatum. See A. raddianum.

A. pedatum, illus. p.291. var. aleuticum.
See A. aleuticum.

A. raddianum, syn. A. cuneatum (Delta
maidenhair). Semievergreen or evergreen
fern. H and S 12in (30cm). Triangular,
divided, pale green segments are borne
on finely dissected fronds that have
purplish-black stems. Zll Hll-10.

'Fritz Liithi' has bright green fronds.
'Grandiceps' (Tassel maidenhair) has
elegant, tasselled fronds.

A. tenerum (Brittle maidenhair fern).
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H 1—3ft
(30cm-lm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Broadly
lance-shaped, much-divided, spreading,
mid-green fronds consist of rounded or
diamond-shaped pinnae. Z9-11 Hll-9.

A. venustum, illus. p.292.

ADLUMIA

PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE

Genus of one species of herbaceous,
biennial, leaf-stalk climber, grown for its
leaves and flowers. Grows in semi-shade
in any soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
A. cirrhosa. See A. fungosa.

A. fungosa, syn. A. cirrhosa (Allegheny
vine. Climbing fumitory). Herbaceous,
biennial, leaf-stalk climber. H 10-12ft
(3-4m). Delicate leaves have numerous
leaflets. Tiny, tubular, spurred, white or
purplish flowers are borne in drooping
panicles in summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

ADONIS

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Some
thrive in semi-shade; others require an
open, well-drained site. Propagate by seed
when fresh, in late summer, or by division
after flowering.

A. amurensis (Amur adonis). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 9-12in
(23-30cm). Mid-green leaves are finely cut.
Bears cup-shaped, golden flowers singly
at the tips of stems in late winter and early
spring. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. brevistyla. Clump-forming perennial.
H and S 6-9in (15-23cm). Mid-green leaves
are finely cut. Has cup-shaped, white
flowers, tinged blue outside and borne
singly at the tips of stems in early spring.
Z4-9 H9-1.

A. vernalis, illus. p.262.

ADROMISCHUS

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents and
evergreen subshrubs with rounded, thin
or fat leaves. Needs partial shade and
very well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

A. cooperi, syn. Cotyledon cooperi,
Echeveria cooperi (Plover eggs). Freely
branching perennial succulent. H 4in
(10cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has grayish-brown
stems and inversely lance-shaped, glossy,
gray-green leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, often
purple-marked above. In summer produces
tubular, green-and-red flowers, with white-
margined, pink or purple lobes, on a stem
lOin (25cm) or more long. Z14-15 Hll-10.
A. maculatus, illus. p.492.

AECHMEA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
epiphytic perennials, cultivated for their
foliage, flowers, and fruits. May be grown
in full light or a semi-shaded site. Provide
a rooting medium of equal parts rich soil
and either sphagnum moss or bark or
plastic chips used for orchid culture. Using
soft water, water moderately in summer,
sparingly at all other times, and keep cup¬
like, rosette centers filled with water from
spring through to fall. Propagate by offsets
in late spring.

A. distichantha. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
S to 3ft (lm). Forms dense rosettes of
narrowly oblong, round-tipped, arching
leaves that are dull green above, gray
and scaly beneath. Has panicles of small,
tubular, purple or blue flowers among
white-felted, pink bracts, usually in
summer. Z15 HI 1-1.

A. fasciata, syn. Billbergia rhodocyanea
(Silver vase plant. Urn plant), illus. p.471.
Evergreen, tubular-rosetted, epiphytic
perennial. H 16-24in (40-60cm), S 12-20in
(30-50cm). Has loose rosettes of broadly
oblong, round-tipped, incurved, arching
leaves with dense, gray scales and silver
cross-banding. Bears dense, pyramidal
panicles of tubular, blue-purple flowers
among pink bracts, just above foliage,
from spring to fall. HI 1-1.

A. Foster's Favorite Group (Lacquered
wine-cup). Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12-24in
(30-60cm). Has loose rosettes of strap¬
shaped, arching, lustrous, wine-red leaves.
Drooping spikes of small, tubular, deep
purple-blue flowers are borne in summer,
followed by pear-shaped, red fruits.
Z15H11-1.

A. fulgens (Coral berry). Evergreen,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
S 16-30in (40-75cm). Forms loose rosettes
of broadly oblong, arching, glossy, mid¬
green leaves with gray scales beneath
and rounded or pointed tips. In summer
produces, above foliage, erect panicles of
small, tubular, violet-purple flowers that
turn red with age. These are succeeded
by small, rounded to ovoid, red fruits on
red stalks. Z15 Hll-1.

A. nudicaulis. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 16-30in
(40-75cm). Produces loose rosettes of a few
broadly strap-shaped, arching, olive-green

leaves with spiny edges and usually banded
with gray scales beneath. Spikes of small,
tubular, yellow flowers open above large,
red bracts in summer. Z9-11 Hll-1.

A. recurvata, illus. p.471. Evergreen,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
S 6-8in (15-20cm). Narrowly triangular,
tapered, spiny-edged, arching, red-flushed,
mid-green leaves are produced in dense
rosettes. In summer bears a short, dense
spike of tubular, red-and-white flowers, with
red bracts, just above leaves. Z9-11 Hll-1.

AEGOPODIUM

Bishop's weed, Goutweed

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of invasive, rhizomatous perennials,
most of which are weeds although
A. podagraria 'Variegatum' provides
excellent groundcover. Tolerates sun or
shade and any well-drained soil. Propagate
by division of rhizomes in spring or fall.

A. podagraria 'Variegatum'. Vigorous,
spreading perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S indefinite. Has lobed, creamy-white-
variegated leaves. Insignificant, white
flowers, borne in summer, are best
removed. Z4-9 H9-1.

AEONIUM

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents, some of
which are short-lived, and evergreen,
succulent shrubs, grown for their rosettes
of bright green or blue-green, occasionally
purple, leaves. Prefers partial shade and
very well-drained soil. Most species grow
from fall to spring and are semi-dormant in
mid-summer. Propagate by seed in summer
or, for branching species, by stem cuttings
in spring or summer.

A. arboreum. Bushy, perennial succulent.
H to 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Branched stems
are each crowned by a rosette, up to
6in (15cm) across, of broadly lance-shaped,
glossy, bright green leaves. In spring
produces cones of small, star-shaped,
golden flowers on 2-3-year-old stems,
which then die back. Z9-11 H9-4.
'Schwarzkopf'. See A. 'Zwartkop'.

A. haworthii, illus. p.489.

A. tabuliforme, illus. p.491.

A. 'Zwartkop', syn. A. arboreum
'Schwarzkopf', illus. p.310.

AESCHYNANTHUS

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, climbing, trailing or
creeping perennials, useful for growing
in hanging baskets. Needs a fairly humid
atmosphere and a position out of direct
sun. Water sparingly in low temperatures.
Propagate by tip cuttings in spring or
summer.

A. 'Black Pagoda'. Semi-trailing
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S to 18in (45cm).
Has elliptic leaves, to 4in (10cm) long,
pale green with dark brown marbling
above, and purple beneath. Bears terminal
clusters of deep burnt-orange flowers,
with green calyces, from summer to winter.
Z15 Hll-10.

A. longicaulis, syn. A. marmoratus,

A. zebrinus. Evergreen, trailing perennial.

H and S to 24in (60cm). Oval, waxy leaves
are dark green, veined yellowish-green

AESCULUS

above, purplish below. Produces tubular,
greenish flowers, with dark brown
markings, borne in terminal clusters
in summer. Z15 Hll-10.

A. marmoratus. See A. longicaulis.

A. pulcher (Lipstick plant. Royal red
bugler). Evergreen, climbing or trailing
perennial. H and S indefinite. Produces
thick, oval leaves and small, tubular,
hooded, bright red flowers, with yellow
throats, borne in terminal clusters from
summer to winter. Z14-15 Hll-10.

A. speciosus, syn. A. splendens, illus.
p.478.

A. splendens. See A. speciosus.

A. zebrinus. See A. longicaulis.

AESCULUS

Buckeye, Horse chestnut

HIP POCASTAN ACEAE/SAPIN DACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their bold, divided leaves and
conspicuous, upright panicles or clusters
of flowers, followed by fruits (horse-
chestnuts) sometimes with spiny outer
casings. Requires sun or semi-shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species
by sowing seed in fall, cultivars by budding
in late summer or by grafting in late winter.
Leaf spot may affect young foliage, and
coral spot fungus may attack damaged
wood. ® All parts of these plants may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

A. californica, illus. p.81.

A. x carnea (Red horse-chestnut). 'Briotii',
illus. p.60.

A. chinensis, illus. p.60.

A. flava, syn. A. octandra, illus. p.76.

A. glabra (Ohio buckeye). Deciduous,
round-headed, sometimes shrubby
tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Leaves, usually
composed of 5 narrowly oval leaflets, are
dark green. Bears 4-petaled, greenish-
yellow flowers in upright clusters in late
spring and early summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

A. hippocastanum (Common horse
chestnut). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
tree. H 60ft (18m), S 50ft (15m). Has large
leaves with 5 or 7 leaflets and spires of white
flowers, flushed pink and yellow in centers
in spring. Spiny fruits contain glossy, brown
nuts in fall. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Baumannii',

H 100ft (30m), has dark green leaves turning
to yellow in fall and double, yellow- or red-
marked, white flowers.

A. indica (Indian horse-chestnut).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 40ft (12m). Glossy, dark green leaves with
usually 7 narrowly oval leaflets are bronze
when young, orange or yellow in fall.
Upright panicles of 4-petaled, pink-tinged,
white flowers, marked with red or yellow,
appear in mid-summer. Z7-8 H8-7.

'Sydney Pearce', illus. p.73.

A. x neglecta (Sunrise horse-chestnut).
'Erythroblastos', illus. p.72.

A. octandra. See A. flava.

A. parviflora, illus. p.113.

A. pavia (Red buckeye). Deciduous, round-
headed, sometimes shrubby tree. H 15ft
(5m), S 10ft (3m). Glossy, dark green leaves
consist of 5 narrowly oval leaflets. Has
panicles of 4-petaled, red flowers in early
summer. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Atrosanguinea',
illus. p.86.

A. turbinata (Japanese horse-chestnut).
Deciduous, spreading, sturdy-branched
tree. H 70ft (20m), S 40ft (12m). Large, dark

A

501

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

AETHIONEMA

green leaves consist of 5 or 7 narrowly oval
leaflets. Panicles of creamy-white flowers
appear in late spring and early summer.
Z6-8 H8-6.

AETHIONEMA

Stonecress

BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE ~

Genus of short-lived, evergreen or
semievergreen shrubs, subshrubs and
perennials, grown for their prolific
flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
spring or by seed in fall. Most species
self-seed readily.

A. armenum , illus. p.364.

A. grandiflorum, syn. A. pulchellum,
illus. p.338.

A. iberideum (Iberis stonecress).
Evergreen or semievergreen, rounded,
compact shrub. H and S 6in (15cm).

Bears small, lance-shaped, gray-green
leaves and, in summer, Vun (2cm)
stems each bear a raceme of small,
saucer-shaped, white flowers.

Z6-8 H8-6.

A. pulchellum. See A. grandiflorum.

A. 'Warley Rose', illus. p.362.

A. 'Warley Ruber'. Evergreen or
semievergreen, rounded, compact
subshrub. H and S 6in (15cm). Has tiny,
linear, bluish-green leaves. Racemes of
small, deep rose-pink flowers are produced
on 3 /4-174in (2-3cm) stems in spring-
summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

AGAPANTHUS

African blue lily

AGAPANTHACEAE

Genus of clump-forming perennials, some
of which are evergreen, with erect stems
that carry large umbels of bell- to tubular-
bell-shaped or trumpet-shaped flowers,
usually blue and often fading to purple
with age. Leaves are strap-shaped.

Grows in full sun and in moist, well-
drained soil. Protect crowns in winter
with ash or mulch. Plants increase slowly
but may be propagated by division in
spring; may also be raised from seed in
fall or spring. Named cultivars will not
come true from seed.

A. africanus (African lily). Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in
(50cm). In late summer has rounded umbels
of deep blue flowers on upright stems,
above broad, dark green leaves. Z9-10
HI 1-1.

A. 'Alice Gloucester'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).
Produces large, dense, rounded umbels of
white flowers in summer, above narrow,
mid-green leaves. Z7-11 H10-7.

A. 'Ren Hope'. Clump-forming perennial.
H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Erect stems
support dense, rounded umbels of deep
blue flowers in late summer and early fall,
borne over narrow, grayish-green leaves.
Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Blue Giant'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Has
rounded heads of open, bell-shaped, rich
blue flowers in mid- to late summer. Z8-11
Hll-1.

502

A. campanulatus. Clump-forming
perennial. H 2—4ft (60cm-1.2m), S 20in
(50cm). Rounded umbels of blue flowers

are borne on strong stems in summer,
above narrow, grayish-green leaves.

Z7-11 Hll-7.

A. 'Cherry Holley'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).
Rounded umbels of dark blue flowers,
borne in summer above narrow leaves,
do not fade to purple with age.

Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Dorothy Palmer'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).
Rounded umbels of rich blue flowers,
fading to reddish-mauve, are borne on
erect stems above narrow, grayish-green
leaves in late summer. Z9-11 H12-7.

A. inapertus. Clump-forming perennial.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Pendent,
narrowly tubular, blue flowers are borne
on very erect stems, above narrow, bluish-
green leaves, in late summer and fall. Z9-11
Hll-7. subsp. pendulus 'Graskop',
illus. p.240.

A. 'Lilliput'. Compact, clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
small, rounded umbels of dark blue flowers
in summer. Leaves are narrow and mid¬
green. Z6-9 H9-4.

A. 'Loch Hope'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 20in (50cm).
Bears large, rounded umbels of deep blue
flowers in late summer and early fall,
above narrow, grayish-green leaves.
Z8-11 H12-1.

A. 'Northern Star', illus. p.241.

A. orientalis. See A. praecox subsp.
orientalis.

A. 'Phantom'. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm) or
more. Large, rounded clusters of white
flowers, flushed pale blue at the edges,
are borne on sturdy stems in mid- to late
summer. Has broadly strap-shaped, bright
green leaves, Z9-11 HI2-1.

A. praecox subsp. orientalis, syn.

A. orientalis, illus. p.242.

A. 'Purple Cloud', illus. p.241.

AGAPETES

syn. PENTAPTERYGIUM
ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
scandent shrubs and semi-scrambling
climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs
full light or partial shade and a rich, well-
drained but not dry, neutral to acid soil.
Water potted specimens freely when in
full growth, but moderately at other
times. Overlong stems may be cut back
to promote branching, but they are best
tied to supports. Propagate by seed sown
in spring or by semiripe cuttings taken in
late summer.

A. incurvata, syn. A. rugosa var. rugosa.
Evergreen, loose shrub with arching or
spreading stems. H and S to 10ft (3m).
Leaves are lance-shaped, wrinkled and
bright green. In spring, clusters of pendent,
urn-shaped, white flowers, patterned
with purple-red, are borne from leaf axils.
Z12-13 Hll-10.

A. 'Ludgvan Cross'. Evergreen,
scandent shrub with arching or pendulous
stems. H and S 6-10ft (2-3m). Lance-shaped
leaves are dark green. Urn-shaped, red
flowers with darker patterns are produced
in spring. Z10-11 Hll-7.

A. macrantha. See A. variegata var.
macrantha.

A. rugosa var. rugosa. See A. incurvata.
A. serpens, illus. p.461.

A. variegata var. macrantha, syn.

A. macrantha, illus. p.461.

AGASTACHE

Mexican giant hyssop
LAB IATAE/LAM IACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
with aromatic leaves. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Plants are short¬
lived and should be propagated each year
by softwood or semiripe cuttings taken in
late summer.

A. 'Black Adder', illus. p.280.

A. mexicana, syn. Brittonastrum
mexicanum, Cedronella mexicana (Mexican
giant hyssop). Upright perennial with
aromatic leaves. H to 3ft (lm), S to 1ft
(30cm). In summer bears whorls of
small, tubular flowers in shades of pink
to crimson. Leaves are oval, pointed,
toothed and mid-green. Z7-11 Hll-7.

Agathaea. See Felicia.

AGATHOSMA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full
light and well-drained, acid soil. Water
container specimens moderately, less when
not in full growth. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

A. pulchella, syn. Barosma pulchella.
Evergreen, rounded, wiry, aromatic shrub.
H and S to 3ft (lm). Has a dense mass
of small, oval, leathery leaves. Small,
5-petaled, purple flowers are freely
produced in terminal clusters in spring-
summer. Z9-10 HI 1-9.

AGAVE

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
with sword-shaped, sharp-toothed leaves.
Small species, to 1ft (30cm) high, flower
only after 5-10 years; tall species, to 15ft
(5m) high, may take 20-40 years to flower.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
or summer.

A. americana (Century plant). Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3-6ft
(l-2m), S 6—10ft (2-3m) or more. Has
sharply pointed, toothed leaves, to
5—6ft (1.5-2m) long. Branched flower stem,
to 25ft (8m) long, bears dense, tapering
spikes of bell-shaped, white
to pale creamy-yellow flowers, each
372in (9cm) long, in spring-summer. Offsets
freely. Z8-11 H12-5. 'Marginata', (illus.
p.482), H and S 6ft (2m), has yellow margins
and a central green zone to each leaf. Z9-11
HI 1-5. 'Mediopicta', H and S 6ft (2m), has
central, yellow stripes along leaves. Z8-11
H12-5. 'Striata', illus. p.481.

A. attenuata, illus. p.489.

A. duplicata. See Polianthes geminiflora.
A. filifera (Thread agave), illus. p.482.
Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 3ft
(lm), S 6ft (2m). Has narrow, green leaves,
each spined at the tip. White leaf margins
gradually break away, leaving long, white
fibers. Produces yellow-green flowers on
a 8ft (2.5m) tall stem in summer. Offsets
freely. Hll-5.

A. flexispina. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 14in (35cm), S 30in (75cm).
Sword-shaped, glaucous to yellowish-
green leaves have wavy margins and
flexible, brown spines. Flower stem, to
1172ft (3.5m) long, bears a rather open
panicle of cylindrical, red-tinged, greenish-
yellow flowers, 3 /4in (2cm) long, in summer.
Z8-10 HI 1-8.

A. macroacantha, illus. p.482. Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 10-16in (25-40cm). Has
narrowly sword-shaped, toothed, bluish-
gray leaves with dark brown spines.
Flower stem, to 6ft (2m) long, bears
slender panicles of tubular, purple-tinged,
green flowers, 2in (5cm) long, and
sometimes bulbils, in summer.

Z8-11 HI 1-4.

A. maculosa, syn. Manfreda maculosa.
Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent.

H 24-72in (20-60cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Lance-shaped, grooved, dark green
leaves, with small, distantly spaced
teeth, sometimes have dark green- or
brown-spotted patterns. Flower stem,
to 6ft (1.8m) long, bears narrow spikes
of bell-shaped, white to yellowish-white
flowers, 5 /8in (1.5cm) long, in summer.
Z8-11 H12-5.

A. parrasana, illus. p.482. Basal-
rosetted, compact, perennial succulent.

H 12-16in (30-40cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).
Ovate, closely packed and overlapping,
thick, rigid, light gray leaves have
toothed margins with short, grayish-
brown spines. Flower stem, 10-13ft
(3-4m) long, produces ellipsoidal panicles
of bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers,

2in (5cm) long, flushed red or purple,
in summer. Z9-11 H12-4.

A. parryi, illus. p.489.

A. parviflora, illus. p.482. Basal-rosetted,
perennial succulent. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in
(50cm). Has narrow, white-marked, dark
green leaves with white fibers peeling from
edges. Produces white flowers in summer.
Hll-10.

A. polianthes. See Polianthes tuberosa.

A. polianthi flora, illus. p.482. Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4-8in
(10-20cm), S 4-12in (10-30cm). Lance¬
shaped, white-marked, mid-green leaves
have wispy, white filaments on the margins;
minute teeth are borne only towards leaf
bases. Red flower stem, 3—6ft (l-2m) long,
bears narrow spikes of tubular, pink and
red flowers, 172in (4cm) long, in summer.
Z10-11 H12-5.

A. potatorum (Buterfly agave), illus.
p.482. Basal-rosetted, compact, perennial
succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Broadly sword-shaped,
glaucous-white to green leaves have
wavy to notched margins and sharp,
sinuous, chestnut-brown spines. Red
to purple flower stem, 10-13ft (3-4m)
long, produces egg-shaped panicles of
bell-shaped, red-tinged, light green to
yellowish flowers, 2-3in (5-8cm) long,
in summer. Z10-11 H12-9.

A. schottii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 8-16in (20-40cm), S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Narrowly linear, yellowish-
green to green leaves have margins bearing
brittle threads. Often crooked flower stem,
to 6ft (2m) long, produces slender spike of
tubular, yellow flowers, 174-172in (3-4cm)
long, in summer. Z8-11 H12-7.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

A. utahensis. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 9in (23cm) or more, S 6ft
(2m). Has rigid, blue-gray leaves, each
with spines up margins and a long,
dark spine at tip. Flower stem, to 5ft
(1.5m) long, bears yellow flowers in
summer. Zll H12-6.

A. victoriae-reginae, illus. p.482.

Very slow-growing, domed, perennial
succulent with a basal rosette of spineless
white-striped and -edged leaves. Has
cream flowers on 12ft (4m) tall stem in
spring-summer after 20-30 years. Z9-11
H12-5. 'Compacta', H 12in (30cm),

S 18in (45cm), has tight fitting, tapered,
deep green leaves, each with a small,
terminal spine and smooth, spineless,
white margins. Flower stem, to 16ft (5m)
long, bears a narrow, dense spike of
funnel-shaped, purple- or red-tinged,
cream flowers, 3 /4-174in (2-3cm) long,
in summer.

A. zebra. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 4ft (lm), S 172-3ft (45-60cm).
Lance-shaped, thick, rigid, rough, wavy-
margined, patterned, light gray leaves have
curved, gray spines. Flower stem, 20-25ft
(6-8m) long, produces narrow, panicle of
bell-shaped, yellow flowers, l 3 /4in (4.5cm)
long, in summer. Zll.

AGERATINA

COM POSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, subshrubs and
shrubs, many of which are evergreen,
grown mainly for their flowers, some
also for their architectural foliage.
Requires full light or partial shade.
Tolerates any conditions, although most
species prefer moist but well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when
in full growth, moderately at other
times. Propagate by seed in spring,
shrubs and subshrubs by softwood
or greenwood cuttings in summer,
perennials by division in early spring or
fall. Red spider mite and whitefly may
be troublesome.

A. altissima, syn. Eupatorium ageratoides,
Eupatorium rugosum, Eupatorium
urticifolium, illus. p.231. Erect perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S lVaft (45cm). Has nettle¬
like, gray-green leaves. In late summer
bears dense, flat, white flower heads.

Z4-8 H8-2

A. ligustrina , syn. Eupatorium
ligustrinum , Eupatorium micranthum,
Eupatorium weinmannianum. Evergreen,
rounded shrub. H and S 6-12ft (2^kn). Has
elliptic to lance-shaped, bright green leaves
and, in fall, fragrant, groundsel-like, white
or pink flowers produced in flattened
clusters, 4-8in (10-20cm) across. Z13-15
HI 1-1.

AGERATUM

Floss flower

COM POSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals and biennials. Grow
in sun and in fertile, well-drained soil,
which should not be allowed to dry out
otherwise growth and flowering will
be poor. Dead-head regularly to ensure
continuous flowering. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in late spring.

A. houstonianum. Moderately fast¬
growing, hummock-forming annual. Tall

cultivars, H and S 12in (30cm); medium,

H and S 8in (20cm); dwarf, H and S 6in
(15cm). All have oval, mid-green leaves
and clusters of feathery, brushlike flower
heads throughout summer and into fall.

Is useful for bedding. Z10-11 Hll-1.

'Blue Danube' (dwarf), illus. p.313. 'Blue
Mink' (tall), illus. p.314. Hawaii Series
includes uniform, compact plants, with
deep to pale blue or white flower heads.
'Pacific' (medium) is neat, with tight
clusters of deep violet-blue flower heads.
'Swing Pink' (dwarf) has pink flower
heads.

AGLAONEMA

Chinese evergreen

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen, erect, tufted
perennials, grown mainly for their foliage.
Tolerates shade, although the variegated
forms need more light, and prefers moist
but well-drained soil. Water moderately
when in full growth, less in winter.
Propagate by division or stem cuttings in
summer. Mealy bug may be a problem.

A. commutation. Evergreen, erect, tufted
perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm) or more.
Broadly lance-shaped leaves are 12in
(30cm) long and dark green with irregular,
grayish-white patches along lateral veins.
Has greenish-white spathes produced in
summer. Z14-15 Hll-1. 'Malay Beauty',
syn. A. commutatum 'Pewter' bears very
dark green leaves mottled greenish-white
and cream. Z15 Hll-1. 'Pewter'. See
A. commutatum 'Malay Beauty'. 'Treubii',
illus. p.468.

A. pictum , illus. p.475.

A. 'Silver King', illus. p.475.

AGON IS

Willow myrtle

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly spring¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
foliage, flowers and graceful appearance.
Needs full light and well-drained but
moisture-retentive soil. Water container
specimens moderately, scarcely at all
in winter. Pruning is tolerated when
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

A. flexuosa , illus. p.450.

AGROSTEMMA

Corn cockle

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals. Grow
in sun; flowers best in very well-drained
soil that is not very fertile. Support with
sticks and deadhead to prolong flowering.
Propagate by seed sown in situ in spring
or early fall. A. githago escapes cultivation
readily and is considered invasive in parts
of North America. 0 Seeds may cause
severe discomfort if ingested.

A. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa.

A. githago. Fast-growing, erect annual
with thin stems. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves and, in summer, produces 5-petaled,
open trumpet-shaped, pink flowers, 3in
(8cm) wide. Seeds are tiny, rounded, dark
brown and poisonous. H9-1. 'Milas',
illus. p.304.

AICHRYSON

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of annual and perennial
succulents, often shrub-like, grown for
their fleshy, spoon-shaped to rounded,
hairy leaves. Most species are short-lived,
dying after flowering. Requires a
position in full sun or partial shade and
very well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed or stem cuttings in spring
or summer.

A. x aizoides. var. domesticum
'Variegatum', syn. A. x domesticum
'Variegatum' illus. p.495.

A. x domesticum 'Variegatum'. See

A. x aizoides var. domesticum 'Variegatum'.

AILANTHUS

SIMAROUBACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
their foliage and 3-5-winged fruits.

They are very tolerant of urban pollution,
drought, and poor soil, but because
of their tendency to escape cultivation
they are considered noxious weeds in
parts of the northeastern United States.
Needs sun or semi-shade. To grow as
shrubs, cut back hard in spring, after
which vigorous shoots bearing very
large leaves are produced. Propagate
by seed sown in fall or by suckers or
root cuttings taken in winter. May be
invasive in parts of North America.

0 Male flowers are unpleasantly
scented; the pollen may cause an
allergic reaction.

A. altissima, syn. A. glandulosa, illus.
p.63.

A. glandulosa. See A. altissima.

AJUGA

Bugleweed

LAB IATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, some
of which are semievergreen or evergreen
and excellent as groundcover. Tolerates
sun or shade and any soil, but grows more
vigorously in moist conditions. Propagate
by division in spring.

A. pyramidalis (Pyramidal bugle).
Semievergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 18in (45cm). Forms a creeping carpet of
oblong to spoon-shaped, deep green
leaves, above which are borne spikes of
whorled, 2-lipped, blue flowers in spring.
Z3-9 H9-1. 'Metallica Crispa' has crisp,
curled leaves, with a metallic-bronze lustre,
and dark blue flowers.

A. reptans 'Atropurpurea'.

Evergreen, groundcover perennial,
spreading freely by runners. H 6in (15cm),
S 36in (90cm). Has small rosettes of ovate
to oblong-spoon-shaped, toothed or
slightly lobed, glossy, deep bronze-purple
leaves. Short spikes of 2-lipped, blue
flowers are borne in spring. Z3-9 H9-1.
'Jungle Beauty', H 15in (38cm), S 24in
(60cm), is semievergreen and has large,
dark green leaves, sometimes suffused
purple. 'Multicolor', syn. A. reptans
'Rainbow', H 5in (12cm), S 18in (45cm),
has dark green leaves, marked with cream
and pink. 'Rainbow'. See A. reptans
'Multicolor'.

ALBUCA

AKEBIA

Chocolate vine

LARDIZABALACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining climbers,
grown for their leaves and flowers.
Individual plants seldom produce fruits;
cross-pollination between 2 individuals
is required for fruit formation. Prefers a
position in full sun and any good, well-
drained soil. Tolerates an east- or north¬
facing position. Dislikes disturbance.
May be propagated in a number of
ways: by seed sown in fall or spring;
by semiripe cuttings taken in summer;
or by layering in winter.

A. lobata. See A. trifoliata.

A. x pentaphylla , illus. p.194.

A. quinata, illus. p.193.

A. trifoliata, syn. A. lobata, illus.
p.204.

ALANGIUM

ALANGIACEAE/CORN ACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees
and shrubs, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Needs full sun and any fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by sowing
seed in spring or by taking softwood
cuttings in summer.

A. platanifolium. Deciduous, upright,
treelike shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
Produces maple-like, 3-lobed, mid-green
leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers
are borne from early to mid-summer.
Z7-8 H8-7.

ALBIZIA

LEGUMIIMOSAE/MIMOSACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
trees, grown for their feathery foliage
and unusual flower heads, composed
of numerous stamens and resembling
bottlebrushes. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. May be short-lived, and its
seedlings may become a nusiance. A.
julibrissin may be grown as a summer
bedding plant for its foliage. Propagate by
seed in fall. Susceptible to fungal disease
verticillum.

A. distachya. See Paraserianthes
lophantha.

A. julibrissin, illus. p.86.

A. lophantha. See Paraserianthes
lophantha.

A

ALBUCA

HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
bulbs. Needs an open, sunny position
and well-drained soil. Dies down in
spring or late summer after flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets
when dormant.

A. canadensis, syn. A. major, A. minor.
Spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has 3-6 narrowly lance¬
shaped, erect, basal leaves. Produces a
loose spike of tubular, yellow flowers,
5 /8- 3 /4in (1.5-2cm) long, with a green
stripe on each petal. Zll Hll-7.

A. humilis, illus. p.422.

A. major. See A. canadensis.

A. minor. See A. canadensis.

503

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ALCEA

ALCEA

Hollyhock

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of biennials and short-lived
perennials, grown for their tall spikes of
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in late summer or
spring. Rust may be a problem.

A. rosea, syn. Althaea rosea (Hollyhock).
Erect biennial. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S to 2ft
(60cm). Has rounded, lobed, rough-
textured leaves. Spikes of single flowers,
in a range of colors including pink, yellow
and cream, are borne in summer and
early fall. Z3-9 H10-3. Chater's Double
Group, H 6-8ft (1.8-2.4m), bears double
flowers in several different colors in
summer and early fall. 'Majorette',

H 24in (60cm), S to 12in (30cm), produces
double flowers, in several different
colors, in summer and early fall.
'Summer Carnival' (annual or biennial),
H 6-8ft (1.8-2.4m), S to 2ft (60cm), has
double flowers in mixed colors.

ALCHEMILLA

Lady's mantle

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of perennials that produce sprays
of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers, with
conspicuous outer calyces, in summer.
Some are good for groundcover. Grow
in sun or partial shade, in all but boggy
soils. Propagate by seed or division in
springor fall.

A. alpina (Alpine lady's mantle). Mound¬
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 24in
(60cm) or more. Rounded, lobed, pale
green leaves are covered in silky hairs.
Bears upright spikes of tiny, greenish-
yellow flowers, with conspicuous, green,
outer calyces, in summer. Is suitable for
groundcover and a dry bank. Z3-7 H8-1.
A. conjuncta, illus. p.275.

A. mollis, illus. p.275.

x ALICEARA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x A. Dark Warrior gx (Dark Warrior).
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H lOin (25cm). Produces
sprays of wispy, mauve-brown, cream-
yellow or green flowers, HAin (4cm)
across; flowering season varies. Leaves,
4in (10cm) long, are narrowly oval. Grow
in partial shade in summer. Z15 HI 1-6.
x A. Eurostar gx, syn. x Beallara Eurostar
gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In
spring bears star-shaped, maroon sepals and
petals, each with white or cream tips and a
large, spade-shaped, weakly 3-lobed lip,
which is white in lower half and pink,
maroon or speckled in upper half. Large,
elliptic, compressed pseudobulb produces
1-3 strap-shaped leaves. Needs shade in
summer. Z15 Hll-6.

ALISMA

Water plantain

ALISMATACEAE

504

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Requires an open, sunny position

in mud or up to lOin (25cm) depth of
water. Tidy up fading foliage in fall and
remove dying flower spikes before
ripening seeds are dispersed. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in late
summer. ® Contact with sap may irritate
skin; all parts may cause mild stomach
upset if ingested.

A. natans. See Luronium natans.

A. plantago-aquatica, illus. p.434.

A. ranunculoides. See Baldellia
ranunculoides.

ALL AM AN DA

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
scrambling climbers, grown for their
trumpet-shaped flowers. Prefers partial
shade in summer and rich, well-drained,
neutral to acid soil. Water regularly, less
when not in full growth. Stems must be
tied to supports. Prune previous season's
growth back to 1 or 2 nodes in spring.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring
or summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
may be troublesome. (D Contact with sap
may irritate skin; all parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

A. cathartica (Golden trumpet).
'Hendersonii' illus. p.464.

ALLIUM

Ornamemtal onion
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
edible, with bulbs, rhizomes or fibrous
rootstocks. Nearly all have narrow,
basal leaves smelling of onions when
crushed, and most have small flowers
packed together in a dense, spherical
or shuttlecock-shaped umbel. Dried
umbels of tall border species are good
for winter decoration. Requires an open,
sunny situation and well-drained soil; is
best left undisturbed to form clumps.
Plant in fall. Propagate by seed in fall or
by division of clumps—spring-flowering
varieties in late summer and summer¬
flowering ones in spring. (D Contact with
the bulbs may irritate skin or aggravate
skin allergies.

A. acuminatum, syn. A. murrayanum,
illus. p.416.

A. aflatunense, illus. p.382.

A. aflatunense of gardens. See A.
hollandicum.

A. akaka, illus. p.416.

A. albopilosum. See A. cristophii.

A. atropurpureum, illus. p.392.

A. azureum. See A. caeruleum.

A. beesianum. Clump-forming, late
summer-flowering bulb. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm). Has linear,
gray-green leaves and, in late summer,
pendent heads of bell-shaped, blue flowers.
Z6-10 H10-6.

A. caeruleum, syn. A. azureum, illus.
p.411.

A. campanulatum. Clump-forming,
summer-flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm),
S 2-4in (5-10cm). Linear, semierect, basal
leaves die away before flowering time.
Bears a domed umbel, l-3in (2.5-7cm)
wide, of up to 30 small, star-shaped, pale
pink or white flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

A. carinatum subsp. pulchellum, syn.
A. pulchellum. Clump-forming, summer¬

flowering bulb. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Linear, semierect leaves
sheathe lower two-thirds of stem. Has
an umbel of pendent, cup-shaped, purple
flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

A. cernuum, illus. p.409.

A. cowanii. See A. neapolitanum.

A. cristophii, syn. A. albopilosum,
illus. p.411.

A. cyaneum. Tuft-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Leaves are threadlike and erect.
Stems each bear a small, dense umbel of
5 or more pendent, cup-shaped, blue or
violet-blue flowers, Vun (0.5cm) long.

Z5-9 H9-5.

A. cyathophorum var. farreri, illus.
p.423.

A. flavum, illus. p.412.

A. giganteum, illus. p.392.

A. 'Gladiator', illus. p.392.

A. 'Globemaster', illus. p.392.

A. hollandicum, syn. A. aflatunense
of gardens. Tuft-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 3ft (lm), S 4in (10cm).

Has mid-green, basal leaves dying away
by flowering time. Carries numerous star¬
shaped, purplish-pink flowers in a dense,
spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z4-11
HI 1-1.

A. kansuense. See A. sikkimense.

A. karataviense, illus. p.416.

A. macranthum. Tuft-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 4-5in
(10-12cm). Has linear leaves on lower part
of flower stem, which bears a loose umbel
of up to 20 bell-shaped, deep purple
flowers, each Van (1cm) long, on slender
stalks. Z4-10 H10-4.

A. mairei. Clump-forming, late summer-
to fall-flowering bulb. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm). Leaves are erect,
threadlike and basal. Wiry stems each bear
a small, shuttlecock-shaped umbel of up
to 20 upright, bell-shaped, pink flowers.
Vain (1cm) long. Z4-10 H10-4.

A. moly, illus. p.424.

A. 'Mount Everest', illus. p.385.

A. murrayanum. See A. acuminatum.

A. murrayanum of gardens. See
A. unifolium.

A. narcissiflorum, syn.

A. pedemontanum, illus. p.422.

A. neapolitanum, syn. A. cowanii, illus.
p.399. Cowanii Group, illus. p.409.

A. oreophilum, syn. A. ostrowskianum,
illus. p.418.

A. ostrowskianum. See A. oreophilum.

A. pedemontanum. See A. narcissiflorum.
A. pulchellum. See A. carinatum subsp.
pulchellum.

A. 'Purple Sensation', illus. p.392.

A. rosenbachianum. Tuft-forming,
summer-flowering bulb. H 3ft (lm), S 4in
(10cm). Has ridged stems and straplike,
gray-green, basal leaves. Produces 50 or
more star-shaped, deep purple flowers in
a spherical umbel, 4in (10cm) across. Z6-9
H9-1.

A. schoenoprasum, illus. p.422.

A. schubertii, illus. p.409.

A. senescens var. calcareum. See

A. senescens subsp. montanum. subsp.
montanum, syn. A. senescens var.
calcareum, illus. p.409.

A. sikkimense, syn. A. kansuense. Tuft¬
forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 4-1 Oin
(10-25cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm). Leaves are
linear, erect and basal. Up to 15 bell¬

shaped, blue flowers, V4-V2in (0.5-lcm)
long, are borne in a small, pendent umbel.
Z6-10 H10-6.

A. sphaerocephalon (Drumstick allium.
Round-headed garlic). Clump-forming,
summer-flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm),
S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has linear, semierect
leaves on basal third of slender, wiry
stems and a very dense umbel, 3 /4-lV2in
(2-4cm) across, of up to 40 small, bell¬
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers. Z4-11
HI 1-1.

A. stipitatum. Summer-flowering bulb.

H 3—4ft (1-1.5m), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Sturdy
stems with straplike, semierect, basal
leaves carry 50 or more star-shaped,
purplish-pink flowers in a spherical umbel,
3-5in (8-12cm) across. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. unifolium, syn. A. murrayanum of
gardens, illus. p.402.

ALNUS

Alder

BETULACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown mainly for their ability to thrive in
wet situations. Flowers are borne in catkins
in late winter or early spring, the males
conspicuous and attractive, the females
forming persistent, woody, cone-like fruits.
Most do best in sun and any moist or even
waterlogged soil, but A. cordata will also
grow well on poor, dry soils. Propagate
species by seed sown in fall, cultivars by
budding in late summer or by hardwood
cuttings taken in early winter.

A. cordata (Italian alder). Fast-growing,
deciduous, conical tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft
(9m). Yellow, male catkins are borne in late
winter and early spring, followed by heart-
shaped, glossy, deep green leaves. Has
persistent, round, woody fruits in fall. Z5-7
H7-5.

A. glutinosa (Black alder. Common alder).
'Aurea' is a slow-growing, deciduous,
conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m).
Has rounded leaves, bright yellow until
mid-summer, later becoming pale green.
Produces yellow-brown catkins in early
spring. Is useful grown in a boggy area.
Z3-7 H7-1. 'Imperialis' illus. p.75.

A. incana, illus. p.61. 'Aurea' is a
deciduous, conical tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 25ft (8m). Has reddish-yellow or orange
shoots in winter and broadly oval, yellow
leaves. Reddish-yellow or orange catkins
are borne in late winter and early spring.

Is useful for cold, wet areas and poor
soils. Z2-6 H6-1. 'Ramulis Coccineis'
has red winter shoots and buds, and
orange catkins.

ALOCASIA

Elephant's ear

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials with
underground rhizomes, grown for their
attractive foliage. Produces tiny flowers
on a spadix enclosed in a leaflike spathe.
Needs high humidity, partial shade and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem
cuttings or division of rhizomes in spring.
® Contact with sap may irritate skin;
all parts may cause mild stomach upset
if ingested.

A. cuprea, illus. p.472.

A. longiloba, syn. A. lowii var. picta,

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

A. lowii var. veitchii, A. veitchii. Evergreen,
tufted perennial. H 3ft (lm) or more, S 30in
(75cm). Narrow leaves, triangular with
arrow-shaped bases, are 18in (45cm) long
and green with grayish midribs, veins and
margins, purple below. Produces greenish
spathes. Z14-15 H12-10.

A. lowii var. picta. See A. longiloba.
var. veitchii. See A. longiloba.

A. macrorrhiza (Giant elephant's ear.
Taro). Evergreen, tufted perennial with
a thick, trunklike stem. H to 10ft (3m) or
more, S 6ft (2m). Broadly arrow-shaped,
glossy, green leaves, to 3ft (lm) long,
are borne on stalks 3ft (lm) long. Has
yellowish-green spathes to 8in (20cm)
high. Zll HI 1-8.

A. veitchii. See A. longiloba.

ALOE

LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosetted trees, shrubs,
perennials and scandent climbers with
succulent foliage and tubular to bell-shaped
flowers. Tree aloes and shrubs with a
spread more than 1ft (30cm) prefer full sun;
most smaller species prefer partial shade.
Needs very well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed, stem cuttings or offsets in spring
or summer.

A. arborescens (Candelabra plant).
Evergreen, bushy, succulent-leaved
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stems are
crowned by rosettes of widely spreading,
long, slender, curved, dull blue-green
leaves with toothed margins. Long flower
stems produce masses of tubular to
bell-shaped, red flowers, lV 2 in (4cm)
long, in late winter and spring. Zll
Hll-10. 'Variegata' (illus. p.493) has
numerous spikes of red flowers in late
winter and spring.

A. aristata (Lace aloe. Torch plant), illus.
p.493. Clump-forming, perennial succulent.
H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a basal
rosette of pointed, dark green leaves
with white spots and soft-toothed edges.
Produces orange flowers in spring. Offsets
freely. Hll-10.

A. barbadensis. See A. vera.

A. brevifolia. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent, producing many offsets. H 6in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly sword¬
shaped, fleshy, blue-green leaves with a
few teeth along edges. In spring, flower
stems, 20in (50cm) long, bear narrowly
bell-shaped, bright red flowers, IV4-IV2 in
(3-4cm) long. Z10-11 Hll-3.

A. broomii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).
Ovate to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves
have minutely-toothed, red-brown
margins and sharp, terminal spines. In
summer unbranched flower stems, to
3ft (lm) long, bear dense spikes of
tubular, pale lemon flowers, 3 Ain (2cm)
long. Z10-11 H12-8.

A. ciliaris, illus. p.493. Climbing,
perennial succulent. H 15ft (5m), S 1ft
(30cm). Has a slender stem crowned by
a rosette of narrow, green leaves and
white teeth where leaf base joins stem.
Bears bell-shaped, scarlet flowers, with
yellow and green mouths, in spring.
Z10-11 H12-10.

A. concinna. See A. squarrosa.

A. descoingsii. Clump-forming, basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). Triangular, dull green leaves
have white-toothed margins and many
raised, white spots. In summer,
unbranched flower stems, 6in (15cm) long,
produce urn-shaped, red-orange flowers,
V 4 in (7mm) long. Z13-15 Hll-10.

A. erinacea. See A. melanacantha var.
erinacea.

A. ferox (Cape aloe), illus. p.493.
Evergreen, succulent tree. H to 10ft (3m),

S 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Has a woody stem
crowned by a dense rosette of sword¬
shaped, blue-green leaves that have spined
margins. Produces an erect spike of bell¬
shaped, orange-scarlet flowers in spring.
Z10-11 Hll-10.

A. haworthioides. Stemless, perennial
succulent suckering to form clumps. H 8in
(20cm), S 4in (10cm). Has dense rosettes
of lance-shaped, dark green leaves, with
many raised, white bristles and margins
with small, white teeth set close together.
Unbranched flower stems, 8-12in
(15-30cm) long, bear bell-shaped, white
to pale pink flowers, 3in (8cm) long, in
summer. Z13-15 Hll-10.

A. hemmingii , illus. p.493. Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H 6in
(15cm), S lOin (25cm). Ovate to lance¬
shaped, olive-green leaves, with dull,
white streaks, have short, sharp teeth
at the margins. Produces unbranched
flower stems, 12in (30cm) long, with
tubular, minutely spotted, flamingo-pink
to pale rose flowers, lin (2.5cm) long,
in summer. Zll HI2-9.

A. humilis. Rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has a dense, basal rosette of narrowly
sword-shaped, spine-edged, fleshy, blue-
green leaves, often erect, with incurving
tips. Flower stems, 12in (30cm) long,
each bear a spike of narrowly bell¬
shaped, orange flowers, lVz-lVdn
(3.5-4.5cm) long, in spring. Offsets
freely. Z10-11 H12-10.

A. mcloughlinii. Solitary or sometimes
clump-forming, perennial succulent.

H 20in (50cm), S to 39in (100cm). Has
dense rosettes of lance-shaped, smooth,
glossy, dark green leaves with many
small, pale green spots and margins
bearing firm, reddish-brown teeth. In
summer produces branched flower
spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, of tubular,
strawberry-red to pink flowers, lin
(2.5cm) long. Zll H12-9.

A. melanacantha var. erinacea, syn.

A. erinacea. Slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in
(30cm). Compact rosettes of triangular to
lance-shaped, dull-green leaves have sharp,
black spines at the margins and a black
spine at each tip. Unbranched flower
stems, to 3ft (lm) long, produce dense,
cylindrical clusters of bell-shaped, scarlet
flowers, lin (3cm) long, fading to yellow,
in summer. Z10-11 HI 1-8.

A. microstigma. Basal-rosetted,
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm),

S 10-24in (25-60cm). Lance-shaped to
triangular, red-tinged, mid-green leaves,
often white spotted, especially beneath,
have reddish-brown margins with small,
reddish-brown teeth. Unbranched flower
stems, 24in (60cm) long, bear conical
racemes of bell-shaped, orange flowers,
lOin (25cm) long, fading to greenish-yellow,
in summer. Z10-11 H12-8.

A. plicatilis. Perennial succulent with
leaves in opposite pairs up the stem.

H and S to 24in (60cm). Has strap-shaped,
smooth, dull to glaucous green leaves with
margins almost without teeth. In summer,
unbranched flower stems, to 20in (50cm)
long, produce cylindrical spikes of bell¬
shaped, scarlet flowers, 2in (5cm) long.

Zll H12-9.

A. punctata. See A. variegata.

A. rauhii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent eventually forming dense
clumps. H to 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Unbranched flower stems, to lOin
25cm) long, of tubular, scarlet flowers,
lin (2.5cm) long, pale red to greenish
towards mouths, are borne throughout
the year. Lance-shaped, grayish or bright
green leaves have many elongated,
white spots and small, white teeth at the
margins. In some forms, the leaves have
raised dots or are almost white with
green dots. Zll Hll-10.

A. somaliensis. Basal-rosetted,
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm),

S lOin (25cm). Lance-shaped, glossy
olive-green leaves, with dull, white
streaks, have short, sharp teeth at the
margins. Branched flower stems,

12-24in (30-60cm) long, with tubular,
minutely spotted, flamingo-pink to pale
rose flowers, lin (2.5cm) long, are borne
in summer. Zll H12-9.

A. squarrosa, syn. A. concinna. Prostrate,
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has lance-shaped, strongly
recurved, toothed, white-speckled, mid¬
green leaves borne along short stems.
Unbranched, pendulous flower stems,

4-1 Oin (10-25cm) long, of tubular, red
flowers, lin (2.5cm) long, are produced in
summer. Zll H12-9.

A. striata (Coral aloe), illus. p.493. Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H and
S 3ft (lm). Has broad, blue-green leaves,
with white margins and marks, that
become suffused red in full sun.

Produces reddish-orange flowers in
spring. Makes a good house plant.

Z10-11 Hll-10.

A. variegata, syn. A. punctata (Partridge¬
breasted aloe), illus. p.493. Humped,
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has triangular, white-marked, dark
green leaves with pronounced keels
beneath. Bears a spike of pinkish-red
flowers in spring. Makes a good house
plant. Z10-11 Hll-10.

A. vera, syn. A. barbadensis, illus. p.492.

A. zebrina. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm).
Lance-shaped, dull green leaves, with white
chevrons, have sharp, brown teeth at the
margins. Branched flower stems, 3ft (lm)
long, of tubular, coral-red to dull red
flowers, UAin (3cm) long, are produced in
summer Z10-11 Hll-10.

ALOINOPSIS

AIZOACEAE

Genus of dwarf, tuberous, perennial
succulents with daisylike flowers from late
summer to early spring. Requires a sunny
site and very well-drained soil. Is very
susceptible to overwatering. Propagate
by seed in summer.

A. schooneesii, illus. p.488.

ALPINIA

ALONSOA

Mask flower

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown as annuals.
May be used for cut flowers. Grow in sun
and in rich, well-drained soil. Flowering
may be poor outdoors in a wet summer.
Young plants should have growing shoots
pinched out to encourage bushy growth.
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in late
spring. Aphids may be troublesome,
particularly when grown in greenhouses.
A. warscewiczii, illus. p.308.

ALOPECURUS

Foxtail grass
GRAM1NEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

A. pratensis 'Aureomarginatus'. See

A. pratensis 'Aureovariegatus'.
Aureovariegatus', syn. A. pratensis
'Aureomarginatus', illus. p.289.

ALOYSIA

VERBENACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
summer-flowering shrubs, grown for
their aromatic foliage and sprays of tiny
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Cut out any dead wood in early
summer. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer.

A. triphylla, syn. Lippia citriodora,
illus. p.132.

ALPINIA

Ginger lily

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of mainly evergreen perennials
with fleshy rhizomes, grown for their
flowers. Needs well-drained soil with
plenty of humus, partial shade and a
moist atmosphere. Is not easy to grow
successfully in containers. Propagate
by division in late spring or early
summer. Red spider mite may be a
problem.

A. calcarata (Indian ginger). Evergreen,
upright, clump-forming perennial. H and
S to 3ft (lm). Has stalkless, aromatic, lance¬
shaped leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long. At any
time of year may bear horizontal spikes
of whitish flowers, with yellow lips,
lin (2.5cm) long, marked reddish-purple.
Z14-15 Hll-10.

A. hainanensis, illus. p.477. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 36-48in
(90-120cm). Has short stalked, lance¬
shaped, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, to
16in (40cm) long. In spring-summer, honey-
scented, white flowers, with red-lined lips,
lin (4.5cm) long, are borne on old stems.
Z13-15 H12-1.

A. nutans. See A. zerumbet.

A. purpurata (Cone ginger), illus.
p.477. Vigorous, evergreen, upright
perennial. H 10ft (to 3m), S 3ft (lm).

In summer produces cone-like spires,

14in (35cm) long, of many small, white
flowers, to lin (2.5cm) long, in the axils
of persistent, red or pink bracts. Has
stalked, oblong, hairless, mid-green
leaves, to 36in (90cm) long. Is good for
cut flowers. Zll Hll-10.

A

505

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ALSTROEMERIA

A. speciosa. See A. zerumbet.

A. zerumbet, syn. A. nutans, A. speciosa
(Shell flower. Shell ginger), illus. p.477.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has racemes of
white flowers, with yellow lips and pink-
or red-marked throats, mainly in summer.
Hll-10.

Alsobia dianthiflora. See Episcia
dianthiflora.

Alsophila. See Cyathea.

Alsophila australis. See Cyathea
australis.

ALSTROEMERIA

Peruvian lily

ALSTROEMERIACEAE

Genus of mostly summer- to fall-flowering,
tuberous perennials with showy, funnel-
shaped, multicolored flowers. Flowers are
good for cutting as they last well. Produces
erect stems with alternate or scattered,
linear to lance-shaped, mid- to gray-green
leaves, usually 3-5in (7-12cm) long, held
on twisted leaf stalks. Where marginally
hardy, protect by covering dormant tubers
with a loose, dry mulch. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in early spring. ® Contact with
foliage may aggravate skin allergies.

A. 'Apollo', illus. p.387. Mid-summer
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Bears large,
open, white flowers with brown markings
and yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. aurantica. See A. aurea.

A. aurea , syn. A. aurantica. Summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (lm),
S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Produces orange
flowers, tipped with green and streaked
dark red. Z7-10 H10-7. 'Orange King'
(illus. p.387) has bright orange flowers,
with brown-speckled throats, from mid¬
summer to fall.

A. 'Blushing Bride', illus. p.387. Mid¬
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm). Produces
cream flowers with brown-speckled, pink
and pale yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Charm'. Mid-summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 272ft (75cm), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces pale peach flowers with
brown speckles and primrose-yellow
throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Elvira', illus. p.387. Mid-summer to
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 272ft
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces cream
flowers with bold, pink flecks on outer
edges of petals and at the throats. Z7-10
H10-7.

506

A. 'Friendship', illus. p.387. Mid-summer
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 272ft (75cm). Produces pale lime-
yellow flowers with brown-red speckled,
yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. hookeri, illus. p.361.

A. Inca Ice ('Koice'), illus. p.387. Late
spring to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial.
H and S to 3ft (lm). Produces cream and
pale yellow flowers with pink throats and
purple-brown speckling on the upper and
lower petals. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. Inca Tropic ('Kotrop'), illus. p.387.
Mid-summer to fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces
orange flowers with yellow throats flecked
with brown markings. Young leaves are
brown tinged. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Koice'. See A. Inca Ice.

A. 'Kotrop'. See A. Inca Tropic.

A. Ligtu Hybrids, illus. p.413.

A. 'Little Miss Tara'. Mid-summer to
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H and
S 6in (15cm). Produces relatively large,
reddish-pink flowers with brown markings
and yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. Margaret ('Stacova'). Mid- to late
summer-flowering tuberous perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Produces
widely flared, funnel-shaped, deep red
flowers. Z8-11 H12-7.

A. 'Moulin Rouge', illus. p.387. Mid¬
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Produces
soft red flowers with dark brown-speckled,
yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Parigo Charm'. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 24in
(60cm). Produces salmon-pink flowers with
primrose-yellow inner tepals, marked
carmine-red. Z8-10 HI 1-7.

A. pelegrina. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 1—2ft (30-60cm),

S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Each leafy stem has 1-3
white flowers, stained pinkish-mauve and
spotted yellow and brownish-purple. Z8-10
H10-8.

A. 'Polka', illus. p.387. Mid-summer to
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 272ft
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright
magenta-blushed, pale pink flowers with
dark brown-speckled, yellow throats. Z7-10
H10-7.

A. Princess Ariane ('Zapriari'), illus.
p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in
(15cm). Produces yellow flowers with
purple-marked petal tips and dark brown
speckled throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. Princess Julieta ('Zaprijul'), illus.
p.387. Mid-summer to fall-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
Produces pale purple flowers with darker
purple markings and white throats.

Z7-10 H10-7.

A. Princess Paola ('Stapripal'). Mid¬
summer to fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 8in (20cm).
Produces pale pink flowers with dark pink
markings and dark brown-speckled, yellow
throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. psittacina , syn. A. pulchella (Parrot
lily), illus. p.387. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 172ft
(45cm). Mauve-spotted stems bear open
umbels of red-marked, green flowers.

Z8-10 HI 1-8.

A. pulchella. See A. psittacina.

A. 'Red Beauty', illus. p.387. Mid-summer
to fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 272ft (75cm). Produces bright scarlet
flowers with dark brownish-black-
speckled, yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Serenade', illus. p.387. Mid-summer to
fall-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 272ft
(75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces pale pink
flowers with deep magenta markings and
black-speckled, yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.
A. 'Stacova'. See A. Margaret.

A. 'Stapripal'. See A. Princess Paola.

A. 'Tara', illus. p.387. Late spring to fall¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4-12in
(10-30cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces dark
brownish-black-speckled, red flowers with
yellow throats. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. 'Walter Fleming'. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S 2—3ft

(60cm-lm). Each leafy stem produces
narrowly lance-shaped, twisted leaves and
widely funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers
flushed purple with reddish-purple spots.
ZB-11 HI 1-7.

A. 'Zapriari'. See A. Princess Ariane.

A. 'Zaprijul'. See A. Princess Julieta.

ALTERNANTHERA

AMARANTH ACEAE

Genus of bushy perennials, grown for
their attractive, colored foliage. Is useful
for carpeting or bedding. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by tip cuttings or division
in spring.

A. amoena. See A. ficoidea var. amoena.

A. dentata 'Purple Knight', illus. p.311.
A. ficoidea (Parrot leaf), var. amoena ,

syn. A. amoena is a mat-forming perennial.
H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Has narrowly oval,
green leaves, marked red, yellow and
orange, with wavy margins. Zll HI 1-1.
'Versicolor', syn. A. versicolor is an erect
form, H and S to 12in (30cm), with rounded
to spoon-shaped leaves shaded brown, red
and yellow.

A. versicolor. See A. ficoidea 'Versicolor'.
Althaea rosea. See Alcea rosea.

ALYSSOIDES

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of one species of short-lived,
evergreen subshrub, grown for its flowers
and swollen fruits. Is particularly suitable
for dry banks and rock gardens. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed sown in fall.

A. utriculata. Evergreen, rounded
subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval,
glossy, dark green leaves. Loose sprays of
small, bright yellow flowers, in spring, are
followed by balloon-like, buff seed pods.
Z6-9 H9-6.

ALYSSUM

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, and annuals, grown for their
flowers. Requires a sunny site and well-
drained soil. Cut back lightly after
flowering. Propagate either by softwood
cuttings taken in late spring or by seed
sown in fall.

A. maritimum. SeeLobularia maritima.

A. montanum. Evergreen, prostrate
perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Leaves are
small, oval, hairy and gray. Flower stems,
6in (15cm) long, each bear an open,
spherical raceme of small, highly fragrant,
soft yellow flowers in summer. Is a good
plant for a rock garden. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. saxatile. See Aurinia saxatilis.

A. spinosum, syn. Ptilotrichum spinosum.
Semievergreen, rounded, compact shrub.

H 8in (20cm) or more, S 12in (30cm).
Intricate branches bear spines and
narrowly oval to linear, silver leaves.
Spherical heads of tiny, 4-petaled, white
to purple-pink flowers are borne in early
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

A. wulfenianum. Prostrate perennial.

H 3 Ain (2cm), S 8in (20cm). Loose heads of
small, bright yellow flowers are produced
in summer above small, oval, gray leaves.
Z6-9 H9-6.

AMARANTH US

AMARANTHACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their dense
panicles of tiny flowers or their colorful
foliage. Grow in a sunny position in rich
or fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
from seed sown outdoors in late spring.
Aphids may be a problem.

A. caudatus, illus. p.307.

A. hypochondriacus, illus. p.308.

A. tricolor (Chinese spinach, Tampala).
'Joseph's Coat' Bushy annual. H to 3ft
(lm), S 172ft (45cm) or more. Has oval,
scarlet, green and yellow leaves, to
8in (20cm) long, and produces small
panicles of tiny, red flowers in summer.

HI 1-1. 'Molten Fire' has crimson, bronze
and purple leaves.

x AMARCRINUM

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Amaryllis x Crinum) of one
robust, evergreen bulb, grown for its large,
funnel-shaped flowers. Needs a sunny
position and well-drained soil. Plant with
neck just covered by soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

x A. memoria-corsii, syn. x Crinodonna
corsii, illus. p.395. Evergreen, clump¬
forming bulb. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
wide, semierect, basal leaves. Sturdy
stems bear fragrant, rose-pink flowers
in loose heads in late summer and fall.

x AMARYGIA

AMARYLLI DACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Amaryllis x Brunsvigia )
of sturdy, fall-flowering bulbs, which are
cultivated for their large, showy flowers.
Needs full sun and, preferably, the shelter
of a wall. Plant bulbs just beneath the
surface of well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring,
x A. parkeri, syn. x Brunsdonna parkeri,
illus. p.395. Early fall-flowering bulb. H to
3ft (lm), S 2—3ft (60-100cm). Sturdy stem
bears a large head of funnel-shaped, deep
rose flowers with yellow and white throats.
Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves after flowering.

AMARYLLIS

AMARYLLI DACEAE ~

Genus of fall-flowering bulbs, grown for
their funnel-shaped flowers. Requires a
sheltered, sunny situation and well-drained
soil. Plant bulbs in at least 3in (8cm) of soil.
Propagate by division in late spring, as
leaves die down, or in late summer, before
growth recommences.

A. belladonna , illus. p.395. 'Hathor',
illus. p.395.

AMBERBOA

Sweet sultan

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of erect annuals or biennials, grown
for their cornflower-like flower heads,
which are borne from spring to fall. Needs
full sun and moderately fertile, well-drained
soil. Deadhead to prolong flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring or fall.

A. moschata, syn. Centaurea moschata
(Sweet sultan). Fast-growing, upright.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

slender-stemmed annual. H 18in (45cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-
green leaves and large, fragrant flower
heads, in a range of colors, in summer and
early fall. HI 1-1.

AMELANCHIER

Juneberry, Serviceberry, Shadbush
ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering trees
and shrubs, grown primarily for their
profuse flowers and their foliage, which
is frequently brightly colored in fall, and
their edible fruit. Requires sun or semi¬
shade and well-drained but not too dry,
preferably neutral to acid soil. Propagate
in fall by seed, in late fall to early spring
by layering or, in the case of suckering
species, by division. Fireblight may
sometimes be troublesome.

A. alnifolia (Alder-leaved serviceberry.
Saskatoon). Deciduous, upright,
suckering shrub. H 12ft (4m) or more,

S 10ft (3m) or more. Leaves are oval to
rounded and dark green. Erect spikes
of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
are borne in late spring, followed by
small, edible, juicy, rounded, purple-black
fruits. Z4-9 H8-3.

A. arborea (Downy serviceberry).
Deciduous, spreading, sometimes shrubby,
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Clusters of
star-shaped, white flowers appear in mid¬
spring as oval, white-haired, young leaves
unfold. Foliage matures to dark green,
turning to red or yellow in fall. Rounded
fruits are small, dry and reddish-purple.
Z4-9 H9-4.

A. asiatica (Asian serviceberry).
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft
(8m), S 30ft (10m). Leaves are oval and dark
green, usually woolly when young and
turning yellow or red in fall. Star-shaped,
white flowers are borne profusely in late
spring, followed by edible, juicy, rounded,
blackcurrant-like fruits. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. canadensis (Shadblow, Shadbush).
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 20ft
(6m), S 10ft (3m). Star-shaped, white
flowers are borne from mid- to late spring
amid unfolding, oval, white-haired leaves
that mature to dark green and turn orange-
red in fall. Fruits are edible, rounded,
blackish-purple, sweet and juicy. Z3-7
H7-1.

A. laevis, illus. p.81.

A. lamarckii, illus. p.110.

Amomyrtus luma. See Luma apiculata.

AMORPHA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and subshrubs,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Is
a useful plant for cold, dry, exposed
positions. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. May be propagated by
softwood cuttings taken in summer or
by seed sown in fall.

A. canescens (Lead plant). Deciduous,
open subshrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m).
Dense spikes of tiny, pealike, purple
flowers, with orange anthers, are produced
in late summer and early fall, amid oval,
gray-haired leaves divided into 21-41
narrowly oval leaflets. Z2-8 H8-1.

AMORPHOPHALLUS

Devil's tongue, Snake palm
ARACEAE ~

Genus of tuberous perennials, cultivated
for their huge and dramatic, but foul-
smelling, spathes, which surround tiny
flowers on sturdy spadices. Requires
partial shade and rich soil kept
continuously moist during the growing
season. Keep tubers dry in winter.
Propagate by seed sown in spring or
by offsets in spring or summer.

A. konjac, syn. A. rivieri (Devil's tongue.
Snake palm. Umbrella arum). Summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H to 16in
(40cm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Produces a
flattish, wavy-edged, dark reddish-brown
spathe, to 16in (40cm) long, from which
protrudes an erect, dark brown spadix.
Brownish-green-mottled, pale green stem,
3ft (lm) long, bears one large, deeply lobed
leaf after flowering. Z13-15 HI 1-10.

A. rivieri. See A. konjac.

AMPELODESMOS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
AND SEDGES.

A. mauritanica, illus. p.287.

AMPELOPSIS

VITACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, some of which are
twining, grown for their leaves. Grow in a
sheltered position, in sun or partial shade
in any soil. Needs plenty of room as grows
quickly and can cover a large area.
Propagate by greenwood or semiripe
cuttings in mid-summer.

A. aconitifolia , syn. Vitis aconitifolia
(Monkshood vine). Fast-growing,
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining,
tendril climber. H to 40ft (12m). Rounded
leaves have 3 or 5 toothed, lobed, dark
green leaflets. Inconspicuous, greenish
flowers, in late summer, are followed by
orange berries. Z5-8 H8-1.

A. brevipedunculata var.
maximowiczii, syn. A. glandulosa
var. brevipendunculata, A. heterophylla,
Vitis heterophylla, illus. p.210.
var. maximowiczii 'Elegans', syn.

A. brevipedunculata 'Tricolor',

A. brevipedunculata 'Variegata', illus.
p.195. 'Tricolor'. See A. brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii 'Elegans'. 'Variegata'.
See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii
'Elegans'.

A. glandulosa var. brevipendunculata.

See A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii.
A. heterophylla. See A. brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii.

A. megalophylla, illus. p.210.

A. sempervirens. See Cissus striata.

A. veitchii. See Parthenocissus
tricuspidata 'Veitchii'.

AMSONIA

Bluestar

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming,
summer-flowering perennials. Needs
full sun and well-drained soil. Is best left
undisturbed for some years. Propagate

by division in spring, by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

® Contact with the milky sap may
irritate skin.

A. orientalis, syn. Rhazya orientalis, illus.
p.271.

A. tabernaemontana (Willow bluestar).
Clump-forming perennial. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are small
and narrow. Willowy stems bear drooping
clusters of small, tubular, pale blue flowers
in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

ANACAMPTIS

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

A. morio, syn. Orchis morio (Gandergoose,
Green-veined orchid), illus. p.466.

Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 16in (40cm).
Reddish-purple, mauve or rarely white
flowers. Van (1cm) long, with green veins
on the cupped sepals, open along stems in
spring. Has a basal cluster of lance-shaped
or broadly oblong, pale to mid-green leaves,
4-6in (10-16cm) long. Requires sun or
partial shade. Z12-15 H12-6.

Anacharis densa. See Egeria densa.

ANACYCLUS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering, prostrate
perennials with stems radiating from a
central rootstock. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in spring or by seed in fall.

A. depressus. See A. pyrethrum var.
depressus.

A. pyrethrum var. depressus, syn.

A. depressus, illus. p.360.

ANAGALLIS

Pimpernel

PR1MULACEAE

Genus of annuals and creeping perennials,
grown for their flowers. Plant in an open,
sunny site in fertile, moist soil. Propagate
by seed or division in spring. Raise A.
tenella by soft-tip cuttings in spring or
early summer.

A. tenella. 'Studland' illus. p.353.

ANANAS

Pineapple

BROMEL1ACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their foliage and
edible fruits (pineapples). Prefers full
light, but tolerates some shade. Needs
fertile, well-drained soil. Water
moderately during growing season,
sparingly at other times. Propagate by
suckers or cuttings of 'leafy' fruit tops
in spring or summer.

A. bracteatus (Red pineapple. Wild
pineapple), var. tricolor, syn.

A. bracteatus 'Striata', A. bracteatus
'Tricolor' (illus. p.471) is an evergreen,
basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 3ft (lm).
Forms dense rosettes of strap-shaped,
spiny-edged, arching, deep green leaves,
longitudinally yellow-striped and often with
marginal, red spines. Dense spikes of small,
tubular, lavender-violet flowers, with
prominent, reddish-pink bracts, are borne

ANCHUSA

usually in summer. These are followed by
brownish-orange-red fruits that are 6in
(15cm) or more long. Z15 HI 1-1. 'Striata'.
See A. bracteatus var. tricolor. 'Tricolor'.
See A. bracteatus var. tricolor.

A. comosus 'Variegatus'. Evergreen,
basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 24in
(60cm) or more. Very narrowly strap¬
shaped, channeled, rigid, gray-green
leaves are suffused pink, have cream
margins, are gray-scaled beneath and
sometimes have spiny edges. Produces
tubular, purple-blue flowers with
inconspicuous, green bracts; fruits
are the edible pineapples grown
commercially, but are much smaller
on pot-grown plants. Zll HI 1-1.

ANAPHALIOIDES

Pearly everlasting
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE

Genus of summer flowering perennials
and dwarf shrubs grown for silver foliage
and "everlasting" flower heads. Requires
full sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by heel or semiripe cuttings
in summer.

A. bellidioides, syn. Helichrysum
bellidioides. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.

H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). Has small,
rounded, fleshy, dark green leaves and,
in early summer, terminal clusters of
daisylike, white flower heads.

ANAPHALIS

Pearly everlasting
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
Genus of perennials with heads of small,
papery flowers, used dried for winter
decoration. Prefers sun but will grow in
semi-shade. Soil should be well-drained
but not too dry. Propagate by seed in fall
or by division in winter or spring.

A. margaritacea, illus. p.231.

A. nepalensis var. monocephala,
syn. A. nubigena. Dwarf, leafy perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 6in (15cm).

Woolly, silvery stems bear lance-shaped
leaves. Bears dense, terminal clusters
of white flower heads in late summer.
Z5-8 H8-5.

A. nubigena. See A. nepalensis var.
monocephala.

A. triplinervis. Variable, clump-forming
perennial. H 32-36in (80-90cm), S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Has obovate to elliptic, white-
woolly leaves, prominently 3-veined. In
mid- to late summer produces clusters
of white-bracted, yellow-centered flower
heads. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Sommerschnee',
syn. A. triplinervis 'Summer Snow'
illus. p.231. 'Summer Snow'. See
A. triplinervis 'Sommerschnee'.

ANCHUSA

Alkanet

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
some of which are evergreen, with usually
blue flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
soil; resents too much winter wet. Tall,
perennial species may need to be staked
and allowed room to spread. Propagate
perennials by root cuttings in winter,
annuals and biennials by seed in fall
or spring.

507

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANDROMEDA

A. azurea, syn. A. italica. 'Little John' is
a clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 24in (60cm). Mainly basal leaves are
narrowly oval and hairy. Bears branching
racemes of large, open cup-shaped, dark
blue flowers in early summer. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Loddon Royalist', illus. p.241. 'Opal',

H 4ft (1.2m), has paler blue flowers.

A. caespitosa. See A. cespitosa.

A. capensis. 'Blue Angel', illus. p.315.
'Blue Bird' is a bushy biennial, grown as
an annual. H to 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm).
Has lance-shaped, bristly, mid-green leaves
and, in summer, heads of shallowly bowl¬
shaped, sky-blue flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. cespitosa, syn. A. caespitosa, illus. p.356.
A. italica. See A. azurea.

Ancistrocactus megarhizus. See

Sclerocactus scheeri.

Ancistrocactus scheeri. See Sclerocactus
scheeri.

Ancistrocactus uncinatus. See

Sclerocactus uncinatus.

ANDROMEDA

Bog resemary

ERICACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs with an open,
twiggy habit. Needs full light and rich,
moist, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings taken in late summer or by seed
sown in spring.

A. polifolia. Evergreen, open, twiggy
shrub. H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 24in (60cm).
Has narrow, leathery, glossy, mid-green
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of pitcher¬
shaped, pink flowers in spring and early
summer. Z2-6 H6-1. 'Alba' illus. p.332.
'Compacta' illus. p.333.

ANDROSACE

Rock jasmine

PRIMULACEAE

508

Genus of annuals and evergreen perennials,
usually compact cushion-forming and often
with soft, hairy leaves. Many species are
suitable for cold greenhouses and troughs
with winter cover. Needs sun and very well-
drained soil; some species prefer acid soil.
Resents wet foliage in winter. Propagate by
tip cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. Is
prone to botrytis and attack by aphids.

A. carnea, illus. p.350. subsp. laggeri
illus. p.353.

A. chamaejasme. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted, variable perennial with easily
rooted stolons. H lV^Vzin (3-6cm),

S to 6in (15cm). Has open, hairy rosettes
of oval leaves. In spring bears clusters of
2-8 flattish, white flowers, each with a
yellow eye that sometimes turns red with
age. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. cylindrica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H V^Ain (l-2cm), S 4in (10cm).
Leaves are linear and glossy. Flower stems
each bear up to 10 small, flattish, white
flowers, each with a yellow-green eye,
in early spring. Is suitable for a cold
greenhouse. Z6-7 H7-6.

A. hedraeantha. Evergreen, tight
cushion-forming perennial. H V 2 - 3 Ain
(1-2cm), S to 4in (10cm). Bears loose
rosettes of narrowly oval, glossy leaves.
Umbels of 5-10 flattish, yellow-throated,
pink flowers are produced in spring. Is
best in a cold greenhouse. Z6-7 H7-6.

A. hirtella. Evergreen, tight cushion¬

forming perennial. H Vain (1cm), S to 4in
(10cm). Produces rosettes of small, thick,
linear to oblong, hairy leaves. Almond-
scented, flattish, white flowers are borne
in spring on very short stems, 1 or 2 per
rosette. Z6-8 H8-6.

A. imbricata. See A. vandellii.

A. lanuginosa, illus. p.363.

A. pyrenaica, illus. p.350.

A. sarmentosa. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial, spreading by runners. H l72-4in
(4-10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has open rosettes of
small, narrowly elliptic, hairy leaves. Large
clusters of flattish, yellow-eyed, bright pink
flowers open in spring. Is a good rock plant
in all but extremely wet areas. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. sempervivoides. Evergreen, mat¬
forming, rosetted perennial with stolons.

H V2-3in (1-7cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
leathery, oblong or spoon-shaped leaves.

In spring produces small heads of 4-10
flattish, pink flowers, with yellow, then red,
eyes. Is a good rock plant. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. vandellii, syn. A. imbricata, illus. p.347.
A. villosa, illus. p.349. var . jacquemontii
illus. p.366.

Anemanthele lessioniana. See Stipa
lessoniana.

ANEMONE

Windflower

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of spring-, summer- and fall¬
flowering perennials, sometimes tuberous or
rhizomatous, with mainly rounded, shallowly
cup-shaped flowers. Leaves are rounded to
oval, often divided into 3-15 leaflets. Most
thrive in full light or semi-shade in rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in spring,
by seed sown in late summer, when fresh, or
by root cuttings in winter. ® Contact with
the sap may irritate skin.

A. apennina (Apennine anemone).
Spreading, spring-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).

Fernlike leaves have 3 deeply toothed
lobes. Each stem bears a large, upright,
flattish, blue, white or pink flower, with
10-20 narrow petals. Z5-9 H9-3.

A. blanda. Spreading, early spring¬
flowering perennial with a knobby tuber.

H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Leaves
are broadly oval and semierect, with 3
deeply toothed lobes. Each stem bears an
upright, flattish, blue, white or pink flower,
lV2-2in (4-5cm) across, with 9-14 narrow
petals. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Atrocaerulea', illus.
p.419. 'Ingramii' bears purple-backed,
deep blue flowers. 'Radar'. See A. blanda
var. rosea 'Radar', var. rosea 'Radar',
syn. A. blanda 'Radar', illus. p.418. 'Violet
Star', illus. p.418. 'White Splendour'
illus. p.414.

A. coronaria. Spring-flowering perennial
with a misshapen tuber. H 2-1 Oin (5-25cm),
S 4-6in (10-15cm). Produces parsley-like,
divided, semierect leaves. Each stiff stem
bears a large, 5-8-petaled, shallowly cup¬
shaped flower in shades of red, pink, blue
or purple. Garden groups include De Caen
Group and Saint Bridgid Group, which
have larger flowers varying in color from
white through red to blue. Z8-11 HI 1-8.

De Caen Group 'Mister Fokker' illus.
p.403.

A. x fulgens, illus. p.418.

A. hepatica. See Hepatica nobilis.

A. hupehensis (Chinese anemone.

Japanese anemone). Erect perennial with
a creeping, woody-based rootstock. H 36in
(100cm), S 36in (100cm) or more. Large,
rounded, dark green leaves have 3-toothed
lobes. In late summer, flower stems bear
smaller leaves and 5-petaled, slightly
cupped, pale pink or white flowers,

2-272in (5-6cm) across, with yellow
stamens. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Bowles's Pink'

(illus. p.222) bears rich pink-purple flowers.
'Hadspen Abundance' illus. p.247.
var. japonica 'Bressingham Glow',
syn. A. x hybrida 'Bressingham Glow', illus.
p.222, H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 60cm (2ft), has
semidouble, rose-purple flowers on wiry
stems, var .japonica 'Pamina', illus.
p.222, H 32in (80cm), bears masses of
rather small, semidouble, reddish-purple
flowers. Z4-8 H8-5. var .japonica 'Prinz
Heinrich', syn. A. x hybrida 'Prince
Henry' has single, deep pink flowers on
slender stems. 'Praecox' (illus. p.222),

H 32in (80cm), bears single, pink flowers
in mid-summer. 'September Charm'. See
A. x hybrida 'September Charm'.

A. x hybrida, syn. A. japonica (Japanese
anemone). Group of vigorous, branching
perennials. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
shallowly cup-shaped, single, semidouble
or double flowers in late summer and early
fall. Leaves are deeply divided and dark
green. Z4-8 H8-5. 'Bressingham Glow'.
See A. hupehensis var. japonica
'Bressingham Glow'. 'Eiegans', syn.

A. x hybrida 'Max Vogel' has semidouble,
pinkish-mauve flowers on wiry stems.
'Honorine Jobert', illus. p.220. 'Konigin
Charlotte' (illus. p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has
large, semidouble, bright pink flowers.
'Lady Gilmour', H 3ft (lm), produces
crested leaves and pink flowers with often
uneven, twisted petals. 'Max Vogel'. See
A. x hybrida 'Eiegans'. 'Montrosa', H 4ft
(1.2m), has large, double, soft reddish-pink
flowers with rather twisted petals. 'Prince
Henry'. See A. hupehensis var. japonica
'Prinz Heinrich'. 'Richard Ahrens', H 4ft
(1.2m), bears large, single, soft pink flowers
in mid-summer. 'Robustissima' (illus.
p.222), H 4ft (1.2m), has single, dark
pink flowers borne on reddish stems.
'September Charm', syn. A. hupehensis
'September Charm' (illus. p.222), H 30in
(75cm), S 20in (50cm), has single, clear
pink flowers on wiry stems. Z5-7 H7-5.
'Whirlwind', syn. A. x hybrida
'Wirbelwind' (illus. p.222), H 32-39in
(80-100cm), bears irregularly formed
double, white flowers, with some petals
green flushed. 'Wirbelwind'. See A. x
hybrida 'Whirlwind'.

A. x intermedia. See A. x lipsiensis.

A. japonica. See A. x hybrida.

A. x lipsiensis, syn. A. x intermedia, A. x
seemannii, illus. p.262.

A. narcissiflora, illus. p.255.

A. nemorosa (Wood anemone). Vigorous,
carpeting, rhizomatous perennial. H 6in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces masses
of star-shaped, single, white flowers, with
prominent, yellow stamens, in spring and
early summer, above deeply cut, mid-green
leaves. Likes woodland conditions. Z4-8
H8-1. 'AJlenii' produces many large, cup¬
shaped, single, rich lavender-blue flowers
in spring. 'Robinsoniana' has lavender-
blue flowers, pale creamy-gray beneath,
on maroon stems. 'Vestal' has anemone-
centered, double, white flowers. 'Wilks'

Giant', syn. A. nemorosa 'Wilk's Giant'
has larger, single, white flowers.

A. pavonina, illus. p.402.

A. ranunculoides, illus. p.263. 'Flore
Pleno'. See A. ranunculoides 'Pleniflora'.
'Pleniflora', syn. A. ranunculoides
'Flore Pleno' is a spreading, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Bears
buttercup-like, double, yellow flowers in
spring. Leaves are divided. Likes damp,
woodland conditions. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. rivularis, illus. p.437.

A. x seemannii. See A. x lipsiensis.

A. sylvestris , illus. p.255. 'Macrantha'
is a clump-forming perennial that can be
invasive. H and S 12in (30cm). Large,
fragrant, semi-pendent, shallowly cup¬
shaped, white flowers are produced in
spring and early summer. Leaves are
divided and mid-green. Z3-9 H9-1.

A. thaiictroides 'SchoaFs Double'. See
Anemonella thaiictroides 'Oscar Schoaf'.

A. tomentosa, syn. A. vitifolia. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial with a creeping
rootstock. H 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m) or
more. Large, 3-7 lobed mid-green leaves
with toothed margins have white-hairy
undersides. In summer, flower stems
bear 5-petaled, slightly cupped, pale
pink flowers, with yellow stamens.

Z5-9 H9-3.

A. trullifolia, illus. p.350.

A. tschaernjaewii, illus. p.416.

A. vitifolia (Grape-leaved anemone).
Branching, clump-forming perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). In summer
bears open cup-shaped, occasionally
pink-flushed, white flowers with yellow
stamens. Vine-like leaves are woolly
beneath. Z5-8 H8-3.

A. vitifolia of gardens. See A. tomentosa.

ANEMONELLA

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of one species of tuberous perennial,
grown for its flowers. Needs shade and
rich, moist soil. Propagate by seed when
fresh or by division every 3-5 years in fall.
A. thaiictroides , illus. p.350. 'Oscar
Schoaf', syn. Anemone thaiictroides
'Schoaf's Double' is a slow-growing,
tuberous perennial. H 4in (10cm), S lVrin
(4cm) or more. Has delicate, fernlike leaves.
From spring to early summer bears small,
cup-shaped, double, strawberry-pink
flowers, singly on finely branched, slender
stems. Z4-7 H7-1.

ANEMONOPSIS

False anemone

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of one species of perennial, related
to Anemone. Likes a sheltered, semi-
shaded position and rich, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed sown in late summer,
when fresh.

A. macrophylla (False anemone), illus.
p.270.

ANEMOPAEGMA

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs partial
shade in summer and rich, well-drained
soil. Water regularly and freely when in

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

full growth, less at other times. Provide
support and in summer thin out stems
at intervals; shorten all growths by half in
spring. Propagate by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in spring or summer.

A. chamberlaynei. Fast-growing,
evergreen, tendril climber. H to 20ft (6m).
Leaves have 2 pointed, oval leaflets and a
3-hooked tendril. Foxglove-like, primrose-
yellow flowers are borne in pairs from
upper leaf axils in summer. Z12-15 Hll-10.

ANGELICA

UM BELLI FERAE/AP1ACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering, often short¬
lived perennials, some of which have
culinary and medicinal uses. Grows in sun
or shade and in any well-drained soil.
Remove seed heads when produced,
otherwise plants may die. Propagate by
seed when ripe.

A. archangelica, illus. p.219.

ANGELONIA

SCROPH U LARIACEAE/
PLANTACINACEAE

Genus of evergreen subshrubs and soft-
stemmed perennials, grown for their
shallowly cup-shaped, summer flowers.
Makes good bedding plants in containers
and borders. Needs sun and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
or softwood cuttings in spring.

A. angustifolia AngelMist Series
'AngelMist Lavender Stripe', illus. p.311.

ANGRAECUM

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

A. sesquipedale , illus. p.468.

ANGULOA

Cradle orchid, Tulip orchid

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

A. clowesii (Cradle orchid). Deciduous,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 24in (60cm). Fragrant, erect, cup-shaped,
lemon-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) long,
each with a loosely hinged, yellow lip, are
produced singly in early summer. Broadly
oval, ribbed leaves are 18in (45cm) long.
Grow in partial shade in summer. Z13-15
Hll-10.

ANIGOZANTHOS

Kangaroo paw

HAEMODORACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with thick rootstocks
and fans of sword-shaped leaves, grown
for their curious flowers. Needs an open,
sunny position and does best in well-
drained, peaty or leafy, acid soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed when
fresh, in late summer.

A. flavidus , illus. p.476.

A. manglesii, illus. p.470.

A. rufus. Tufted perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Panicles of 2-lipped, rich
burgundy flowers, covered with purple
hairs, are produced in spring. Has long,
sword-shaped, stiff, mid-green leaves.
Z10-11 Hll-10.

ANISODONTEA

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light and
well-drained soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, very little at other
times. In growing season, young plants may
need tip pruning to promote a bushy habit.
Propagate by seed in spring or by greenwood
or semiripe cuttings in late summer.

A. capensis , syn. Malvastrum capensis.
Evergreen, erect, bushy shrub. H to 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm) or more. Each oval leaf has 3-5
deep lobes. Bowl-shaped, 5-petaled, rose-
magenta flowers, with darker veins, are
borne from spring to fall. Z8-9 H9-8.

ANNONA

Cherimoya, Custard apple, Sweet sop
ANNONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their edible fruits
and ornamental appearance. Needs full
light or partial shade and fertile, moisture-
retentive but well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately when in full
growth, sparingly in winter. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer. Red spider mite may be a nuisance.
A. reticulata (Bullock's heart. Custard
apple). Mainly deciduous, rounded tree.

H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has
oblong to lance-shaped leaves, 5-10in
(13-25cm) long. Cup-shaped, olive-green
flowers, often flushed purple, are borne in
summer, followed by edible, heart-shaped,
red-flushed, greenish-brown fruits, 5in
(13cm) long. Z14-15 H12-10.

Anoiganthus breviflorus. See

Cyrtanthus breviflorus.

Anoiganthus luteus. See Cyrtanthus
breviflorus.

ANOMATHECA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of upright, summer-flowering
corms, grown for their trumpet- to funnel-
shaped, red flowers, followed by egg-
shaped seed pods that split to reveal red
seeds. Plant 2in (5cm) deep in an open,
sunny situation and in well-drained soil.

In cold areas, lift corms and store dry
for winter. Propagate by seed in spring.

A. cruenta. See A. laxa.

A. laxa, syn. A. cruenta, Lapeirousia
cruenta, Freesia laxa, Lapeirousia laxa, illus.
p.423.

ANOPTERUS

ESCALLONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs or small
trees, grown for their foliage and flowers.
Needs full or semi-shade and moist but
well-drained, lime-free soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

A. glandulosus , illus. p.110.

ANREDERA

Madeira vine, Mignonette vine
BASELLACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, tuberous, twining
climbers, grown for their luxuriant
foliage and small, scented flowers. If grown

in cool areas will die down in winter.
Requires a position in full light and well-
drained soil. Water moderately in growing
season, but sparingly at other times.
Provide support. Cut back the previous
season's growth by half or to just above
ground level in spring. Propagate by
tubers, produced at stem bases, in spring
or by softwood cuttings in summer.

A. cordifolia, syn. Boussingaultia
baselloides (Madeira vine. Mignonette
vine), illus. p.197.

ANTENNARIA

Cat's ears

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
perennials, grown for their almost
stemless flower heads and mats of often
woolly leaves. Makes good groundcover.
Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring.
A. dioica (Common pussy-toes).
Semievergreen, mat-forming, dense
perennial. H lin (2.5cm), S lOin (25cm).
Leaves are tiny, oval, usually woolly and
greenish-white. Short stems bear fluffy,
white or pale pink flower heads in late
spring and early summer. Is good when
grown in a rock garden. Z5-9 H9-4.
'Nyewoods' a compact plant with very
deep rose-pink flowers, var. rosea. See
A. rosea.

A. rosea, syn. A. dioica var. rosea,
illus. p.351.

ANTHEMIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of carpeting and clump-forming
perennials, some of which are evergreen,
grown for their daisylike flower heads and
fernlike foliage. Prefers a position in sun
and well-drained soil. May need staking
for support. Cut to ground level after
flowering to produce good leaf rosettes in
winter. Propagate by division in spring or,
for some species, by basal cuttings in late
summer, fall or spring.

A. nobilis. See Chamaemelum nobile.

A. punctata subsp. cupaniana,
illus. p.264.

A. sancti-johannis. Evergreen, spreading,
bushy perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). In
summer bears many daisylike, bright orange
flower heads among fernlike, shaggy, mid¬
green leaves. Z3-8 H8-3.

A. tinctoria (Golden marguerite. Ox-eye
chamomile). Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 3ft (lm). Produces a
mass of daisylike, yellow flower heads in
mid-summer, borne singly above a basal
clump of fernlike, crinkled, mid-green
leaves. Propagate by basal cuttings in
spring or late summer. Z3-8 H8-3.

'E.C. Buxton' illus. p.243.

ANTHERICUM

Spider plant

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of upright perennials with saucer-
or trumpet-shaped flowers rising in
spike-like racemes from clumps of
leaves. Prefers a sunny site and fertile,
well-drained soil that does not dry out
in summer. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall.

ANTIGONON

A. graminifolium. See A. ramosum.

A. liliago, illus. p.263.

A. ramosum, syn. A. graminifolium.
Upright perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm).
Erect racemes of small, saucer-shaped,
white flowers are borne in summer above
a clump of grasslike, grayish-green leaves.
Z5-8 H8-5.

Antholyza paniculata. See Crocosmia
paniculata.

ANTHURIUM

Flamingo flower. Tail flower

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen, erect, climbing or
trailing perennials, some grown for
their foliage and others for their bright
flower spathes. Prefers bright light in
winter and indirect sun in summer;
needs a fairly moist atmosphere and
moist, but not waterlogged, peaty soil.
Propagate by division in spring. ® All
parts may cause mild stomach disorder
if digested; contact with sap may
irritate skin.

A. andraeanum, illus. p.470.

A. crystallinum, illus. p.465.

A. scherzerianum (Flamingo flower).
Evergreen, erect, tufted perennial.

H and S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has oblong,
leathery, dark green leaves, to 8in (20cm)
long. Produces large, long-lasting,
bright red spathes and fleshy, orange
to yellow spadices. Zll Hll-10.
'Rothschildianum', H and S 12in (30cm),
bears white-spotted, red spathes and
yellow spadices.

A. veitchii (Queen anthurium). Evergreen,
erect, short-stemmed perennial. H 3ft (lm)
or more, S to 3ft (lm). Glossy, corrugated
leaves, to 3ft (lm) long, are oval, with
heart-shaped bases on leaf stalks, 2—3ft
(60cm-lm) long. Intermittently bears a
long-lasting, leathery, green to white
spathe that surrounds a cream spadix.

Zll H12-10.

ANTHYLLIS

LEGUMIIMOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of rounded, bushy perennials,
grown for their flowers and finely divided
leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

A. hermanniae. Rounded, bushy
perennial. H and S to 24in (60cm). Spiny,
tangled stems bear simple or 3-parted,
bright green leaves. Has small, pealike,
yellow flowers in summer. Is good for a
rock garden. Z6-8 H8-6.

A. montana, illus. p.338. 'Rubra' is a
rounded or spreading, woody-based
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Divided
leaves consist of 17-41 narrowly oval
leaflets. Heads of clover-like, bright
pink flowers are borne in late spring
and early summer. Is good for a rock
garden. Z6-8 H8-6.

ANTIGONON

Coral vine

POLYGONACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage
and profuse clusters of small flowers.
Grow in full light and any fertile, well-

509

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ANTIRRHINUM

drained soil. Water freely in growing
season, sparingly at other times. Needs
tropical conditions to flower well. Provide
support. Thin out congested growth in early
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by
softwood cuttings in summer.

A. leptopus (Confederate vine, Mexican
creeper). Fast-growing, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 20ft
(6m). Has crinkly, pale green leaves.
Dense trusses of bright pink, sometimes
red or white, flowers grow mainly in
summer, but all year in tropical
conditions. Z15 Hll-10.

ANTIRRHINUM

Snapdragon

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of perennials and semievergreen
subshrubs, usually grown as annuals,
flowering from spring to fall, or as winter
annuals in warm regions. Needs sun and
rich, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong
flowering season. Propagate by seed sown
outdoors in late spring or by stem
cuttings in early fall or spring. Rust disease
may be a problem with A. majus, but rust-
resistant cultivars are available.

A. asarina. See Asarina procumbens.

A. Balumhopi'. See A. Luminaire Series
Luminaire Hot Pink.

A. Luminaire Series Luminaire Hot
Pink ('Balumhopi'), illus. p.303.

A. majus. Erect perennial that branches
from the base. Cultivars are grown as
annuals and are grouped according to
size and flower type: tall, H 2—3ft
(60cm-lm), S 12-18in (30-45cm);

A intermediate, H and S 18in (45cm); dwarf,
H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12in (30cm); regular
tubular-shaped (hyacinth-like) flowers;
penstemon, trumpet-shaped flowers;
double; and irregular tubular-shaped
flowers. All have lance-shaped leaves
and, from spring to fall, bear spikes of
usually 2-lipped, sometimes double,
flowers in a variety of colors, including
white, pink, red, purple, yellow and
orange. Z9-11 Hll-1. Bells Series
(dwarf, regular) is early-flowering, with
long-lasting flowers in purple, purple and
white, red, rose-pink, pink, bronze,
yellow, or white. 'Black Prince' illus.
p.306. Chimes Series (dwarf, regular) is
very compact, producing flowers in a
wide color range including several
bicolors. Chimes Series (yellow), illus.
p.320. Coronette Series (tall, regular) is
compact with tubular, 2-lipped flowers
in a wide range of colors. 'Floral
Showers' (dwarf, regular) is early-
flowering, bearing flowers in up to 10
colors, including some bicolors; tolerates
wet weather. Kim Series (intermediate,
regular) has flowers in scarlet, deep rose,
deep orange, primrose-yellow and white
as well as orange bicolor. Liberty
Classic Series 'Liberty Yellow', illus.
p.319. Madame Butterfly Series (tall,
peloric) is available in a mixture of colors.
Rocket Series (tall, regular) is vigorous,
with flowers in a broad color range; they
are excellent for cut flowers. Sonnet
Series (intermediate, regular) is bushy
and has flowers in a variety of colors.
'Trumpet Serenade' (dwarf,

510 penstemon) has bicolored flowers in a
_ mixture of pastel shades.

APHELANDRA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
grown for their showy flowers. Prefers
bright light but keep out of direct sun in
summer. Use soft water and keep soil moist
but not waterlogged. Benefits from feeding
when flower spikes are forming. Propagate
by seed or tip cuttings from young stems in
spring.

A. squarrosa (Zebra plant). 'Dania' is
an evergreen, compact perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Oval, glossy, dark
green leaves, to 1ft (30cm) long, have
white veins and mid-ribs. Produces
dense, 4-sided spikes, to 6in (15cm) long,
of 2-lipped, bright yellow flowers in axils
of yellow bracts in fall. Z14-15 Hll-10.
'Louisae', illus. p.476.

APHYLLANTHES

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
perennial. Grow in a sunny, warm,
sheltered corner, preferably in an alpine
house, and in well-drained, sandy, peaty
soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by
seed in fall or spring.

A. monspeliensis. Tuft-forming
perennial. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 2in (5cm).
Star-shaped, pale to deep blue flowers are
borne singly or in small groups at tops of
wiry, glaucous green stems from early to
mid-summer. Leaves are reduced to red-
brown sheathers surrounding stems.

Z9-10 Hll-10.

APONOGETON

APONOGETONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water
plants, grown for their floating foliage and
often heavily scented flowers. Requires an
open, sunny position. Tidy fading foliage in
fall. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed when fresh.

A. distachyos, illus. p.435.

APOROCACTUS

Rat's tail cactus

CACTACEAE

Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
pendent, slender, fleshy stems and bright
flowers. Is suitable for hanging baskets.
Needs partial shade and very well-drained
soil. Occasional light watering in winter
will stop stems dying back from the tips.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or
summer.

A. flagelliformis, syn. Disocactus
flagelliformis, illus. p.483.

APTENIA

AIZOACEAE

Genus of fast-growing, perennial
succulents, with trailing, freely branching
stems, that make good groundcover.
Requires full sun and very well-drained
soil. Keep dry in winter. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
A. cordifolia, syn. Mesembryanthemum
cordifolium, illus. p.484. 'Variegata' is
a fast-growing, prostrate, perennial
succulent. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

Has oval, glossy, bright green leaves.

with creamy-white margins, and small,
daisylike, bright pink flowers in summer.
Z12-15 H12-10.

AQUILEGIA

Columbine

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, short-lived
perennials, grown for their mainly bell¬
shaped, spurred flowers in spring and
summer. Is suitable for rock gardens and
woodland gardens. Prefers an open, sunny
site and well-drained soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall or spring. Selected
forms, such as A. vulgaris var. stellata
'Nora Barlow', only occasionally come
true from seed as they cross freely. Is
prone to aphid attack. ® Contact with sap
may irritate skin.

A. akitensis. See A. flabellata var. pumila.
A. alpina, illus. p.334.

A. atrata (Black columbine). Clump¬
forming perennial H 24-28in (60-70cm),

S 12in (30cm). Bell-shaped, fluted, deep
purple-violet flowers with spreading sepals
and strongly hooked spurs, V-iin (1cm) long,
are borne in early summer above mid¬
green, glaucous-backed leaves divided into
9 segments. Z4-8 H7-1.

A. bertolonii, syn. A. reuteri. Clump¬
forming, compact perennial. H 4-12in
(10-30cm), S 3-8in (8-20cm). Bell-shaped,
blue-violet flowers with spreading sepals
and curved spurs, V4in (1cm) long, are
borne in late spring and early summer
above dark green leaves divided into 9
segments. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. Biedermeier Group. Short-stemmed,
compact perennials. H 12-14in (30-35cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm). More or less upward-
facing, open-bell-shaped flowers in colors
varying from purple-blue to lilac, red, pink
or white are produced from late spring to
mid-summer above divided, bluish-green
foliage. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. 'Bluebird' (Songbird Series), illus.
p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial.

H 24-28in (60-70cm), S 14-16in (35^10cm).
Very large, open bell-shaped, fluted flowers
with white petals, soft pale violet-blue
sepals and long, slightly curved spurs are
borne in late spring and early summer
above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves.
Z4-9H9-1.

A. 'Bunting' (Songbird Series), illus.
p.226. Clump-forming, compact perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm). Open
bell-shaped, fluted flowers with blue-
flushed, white petals, violet-blue sepals and
long spurs are produced in late spring and
early summer above fernlike, divided, mid¬
green leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. canadensis (Canadian columbine),
illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial.
H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early
summer bears semi-pendent, bell-shaped
flowers, with yellow sepals and red spurs,
several per slender stem, above fernlike,
dark green foliage. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Cardinal' (Songbird Series).
Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 20in
(50cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm). Open bell¬
shaped, fluted flowers with white petals,
deep red-pink at the base, dark red sepals
and long, curved spurs are produced in late
spring and early summer above fernlike,
divided, mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. chrysantha (Yellow columbine), illus.

p.226. Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears semi-
pendent, bell-shaped, pale to bright yellow
flowers, with long spurs, several per stem,
in early summer. Has fernlike, divided, mid¬
green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Yellow Queen'
has golden-yellow flowers.

A. coerulea (Rocky mountain columbine),
illus. p.226. Upright perennial. H 24-32in
(60-80cm), S 12-16in (30-40cm). More or
less upward-facing flowers, with open¬
spreading, white sepals, pale to deep sky-
blue petals and long spurs are borne from
late spring to mid-summer above divided,
mid-green leaves. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. 'Dove' (Songbird Series), illus. p.226.
Clump-forming, compact perennial. H 30in
(75cm), S 14-16in (35-40cm). Large, open
bell-shaped, fluted flowers, with white
petals, sepals and long spurs, are produced
in late spring and early summer above
fernlike, divided, light green leaves. Z4-9
H9-1.

A. 'Dragonfly', illus. p.226. Upright
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
Large, upright to semierect, bell-shaped,
fluted, yellow flowers, with basally red-
flushed petals and purplish-red sepals and
spurs, are produced from late spring to
mid-summer above fernlike, divided, mid¬
green leaves. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. flabellata (Fan columbine). Clump¬
forming perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 4in
(10cm). Bell-shaped, soft blue flowers, each
with fluted petals and a short spur, are
produced in summer. Rounded, finely
divided leaves form an open, basal rosette.
Needs partial shade and moist soil.

Z4-9 H9-1. var. alba 'White Jewel' has
white flowers. Jewel Series, flowers vary
from blue to pink or white. 'Ministar' has
slightly nodding blooms with purple-blue,
spreading sepals and blue-based, white
petals. 'Nana Alba'. See A. flabellata var.
pumila f. alba. var. pumila , syn.

A. akitensis (illus. p.226) grows to 4in
(10cm) and has deep blue and white petals,
var. pumila f. alba , syn. A. flabellata
'Nana Alba', H 4in (10cm), is compact and
has white flowers.

A. 'Florida' (State Series). Clump¬
forming, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted,
mid-yellow flowers, with creamy-yellow,
spreading sepals and long spurs, are
produced in late spring and early summer
above fernlike, divided, light green leaves.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. fragrans. Upright perennial. H 6-16in
(15-40cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Nodding,
bell-shaped, fragrant flowers, with creamy-
white petals and bluish- or pinkish-white
sepals, are borne in mid-summer above
finely divided, bluish-green leaves. Z4-8
H8-1.

A. 'Goldfinch' (Songbird Series).

Clump-forming, compact perennial.

H 24-28in (60-70cm), S 14in (35cm). Open
bell-shaped, fluted, bright yellow flowers
are borne in late spring and early summer
above fernlike, divided, mid-green leaves.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. 'Hensol Harebell', illus. p.226. Clump¬
forming, compact perennial. H 2ft (60cm),

S 1ft (30cm). Has fernlike, divided, pale
green leaves. In late spring, tall, slender
stems bear pendent, bell-shaped, short-
spurred, soft blue flowers. Z4-7 H7-1.

A. jonesii , illus. p.368.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

A. karelinii. Clump-forming perennial.

H 8-32in (20-80cm), S 5-12in (12-30cm).
Nodding, bell-shaped, violet to wine-purple
flowers, with spreading sepals and short,
hooked spurs, are produced in early
summer above slightly glaucous, light
green leaves. Z3-9 H8-1.

A. longissima (Longspur columbine),
illus. p.226. Clump-forming, leafy perennial.
H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bell-shaped,
pale yellow flowers, with very long, bright
yellow spurs, are borne, several per stem,
in early summer, above fernlike, divided,
mid-green leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. 'Mrs. Scott Elliott'. See A. Mrs. Scott
Elliott Hybrids.

A. Mrs. Scott Elliott Hybrids, syn.

A. 'Mrs. Scott Elliott'. Clump-forming, leafy
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm). Bell¬
shaped flowers of various colors, often
bicolored, have long spurs and are borne
in early summer on branching, wiry stems.
Has fernlike, divided, bluish-green leaves.
Z4-7 H7-1.

A. 'Nuthatch' (Songbird Series).

Clump-forming, compact perennial.

H 24-28in (60-70cm), S 12in (30cm). Open
bell-shaped, fluted, pink-based, white
flowers, with deep pink sepals and long
spurs, are produced in late spring and
early summer above fernlike divided,
mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. reuteri. See A. bertolonii.

A. 'Robin' (Songbird Series). Clump¬
forming, compact perennial. H 24in (60cm),
S 12in (30cm). Open bell-shaped, fluted,
white flowers, pink-flushed at the base,
with spreading, dusky pink sepals and long
spurs, are produced in late spring and early
summer above fernlike, divided, pale to
mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. rockii. Upright perennial. H 20-32in
(50-80cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm). Nodding
to semierect, narrowly bell-shaped, deep
purple flowers, with spreading sepals and
curved spurs, are borne in late spring and
early summer above divided, mid-green
leaves, glaucous beneath. Z6-8 H7-1.

A. scopulorum. Clump-forming
perennial. H 2Vdn (6cm), S 3V2in (9cm). In
summer produces bell-shaped, fluted, pale
blue, or rarely pink, flowers, each with a
cream center and very long spurs. Leaves
are divided into 9 oval, glaucous leaflets.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. 'Sunburst Ruby'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).
Semi-upright, semidouble to double, deep
ruby-red flowers are borne in late spring
and early summer above fernlike, divided,
golden leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. triternata, illus. p.226. Upright
perennial. H 8-24in (20-60cm), S 8-12in
(20-30cm). Nodding, narrowly bell-shaped,
short-petaled, yellow flowers, sometimes
red-flushed, with red sepals, are produced
in early summer above 3-parted, mid-green
leaves. Z3-9 H8-1.

A. viridiflora , illus. p.226. Upright, short¬
lived perennial. H 8-20in (20-50cm), S 4-8in
(10-20cm). In late spring and early summer
produces fragrant, nodding, bell-shaped,
purple, chocolate-brown, or sometimes
yellow-green, flowers, with green sepals,
above 3-parted, mid-green leaves. Z4-8
H8-1.

A. vulgaris (Granny's bonnets). Clump¬
forming, leafy perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in
(50cm). Many funnel-shaped, short-spurred

flowers, in shades of pink, crimson, purple
and white, are borne, several per long
stem, in early summer. Leaves are gray-
green, rounded and divided into leaflets.
Z3-8 H8-1. var. alba produces white
flowers. 'Magpie'. See A. vulgaris 'William
Guiness'. 'Munstead White'. See A.
vulgaris 'Nivea'. 'Nivea', syn. A. vulgaris
'Munstead White' (illus. p.226) has gray-
green leaves and glistening white flowers,
var. steilata 'Black Barlow', illus. p.223.
bears spurless, double, deep purple-black
flowers, var. steilata 'Nora Barlow'
(illus. p.226) produces double red flowers,
pale green at the tips. var. steilata 'Ruby
Port' (illus. p.226) has spurless, deep ruby-
red double flowers. 'William Guiness',
syn. A. vulgaris 'Magpie' (illus. p.226) has
nodding, deep blue-purple flowers with
white-tipped petals.

A. 'Winky Red-White' (Winky Series).

Clump-forming, compact perennial.

H 14-20in (35-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Double
or semidouble, red-and-white flowers are
produced in late spring and early summer
above fernlike, divided, pale to mid-green
leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

ARABIS

Rock cres

CRUCIFERAE/BRASS1CACEAE ~

Genus of robust, evergreen perennials.
Makes excellent groundcover in a rock
garden. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

A. aibida. See A. alpina subsp. caucasica.
A. alpina subsp. caucasica , syn.

A. aibida, A. caucasica (Wall rock cress).
Evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 6in
(15cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears loose rosettes
of obovate, toothed, mid-green leaves
and, in late spring and summer, fragrant,
4-petaled, white, occasionally pink,
flowers. Is excellent on a dry bank. Trim
back after flowering. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Douler
Angevine', illus. p.352. 'Flore Pleno',
syn. A. caucasica 'Plena' has double, white
flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Variegata', syn. A.
caucasica 'Variegata', illus. p.347.

A. x arendsii 'Rosabella', syn.

A. caucasica 'Rosabella'. Evergreen,
mat-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has large rosettes of small,
oval, soft green leaves and a profusion of
single, deep pink flowers in spring and
early summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

A. blepharophylla (California rock cress.
Rose cress. Fringed rock cress). Short¬
lived, evergreen, mat-forming perennial.

H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). Dislikes winter
wet. Has oval, toothed, dark green leaves,
with hairy, gray margins, borne in loose
rosettes. Fragrant, 4-petaled, bright pink
to white flowers are produced in spring.
Z5-8 H8-5. 'Fruhlingszauber', syn. A.
blepharophylla 'Spring Charm', illus. p.353.
'Spring Charm'. See A. blepharophylla
'Fruhlingszauber'.

A. caucasica. See A. alpina subsp.
caucasica. 'Plena'. See A. alpina subsp.
caucasica 'Flore Pleno'. 'Rosabella'. See
A. x arendsii 'Rosabella'. 'Variegata'.

See A. alpina subsp. caucasica 'Variegata'.
A. ferdinandi-coburgi 'Variegata'.

See A. procurrens 'Variegata'.

A. procurrens 'Variegata', syn. A.
ferdinandi-coburgi 'Variegata', illus. p.375.

ARALIA

ARALIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs and
perennials, grown for their bold leaves
and small, but profusely borne flowers.
Requires sun or semi-shade, some shelter
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
those listed below by seed in fall or by
suckers or root cuttings in late winter.

A. elata (Japanese aralia tree). Deciduous
tree or suckering shrub with sparse,
sturdy, prickly stems. H and S 30ft (10m).
Has large, dark green leaves with
numerous oval, paired leaflets. Billowing
heads of tiny, white flowers, forming a
large panicle, 12-24in (30-60cm) long, are
borne in late summer and fall. Z4-9 H9-1.
'Albomarginata'. See A. elata 'Variegata'.
'Aureovariegata' has leaflets broadly
edged with yellow. 'Variegata', syn.

A. elata 'Albomarginata' illus. p.93.

A. elegantissima. See Schefflera
elegantissima.

A. japonica. See Fatsiajaponica.

A. sieboldii. See Fatsia japonica.

ARAUCARIA

ARAUCARIACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

A. araucana,, illus. p.98.

A. excelsa. See A. heterophylla.

A. heterophylla, syn. A. excelsa (Norfolk
Island pine). Upright conifer. H 100ft (30m),
S 15—25ft (5-8m). Has spirally set,
needlelike, incurved, fresh green leaves.
Cones are seldom produced in cultivation.
Is often grown as a shade-tolerant house
plant. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

ARAUJIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers
with woody stems that exude milky juice
when cut. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by stem cuttings in late summer or
early fall.

A. sericifera, illus. p.195.

ARBUTUS

Manzanita, Strawberry tree
ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their leaves, clusters of small,
urn-shaped flowers, ornamental bark
and strawberry-like fruits, which are
edible but insipid. Must be protected
from strong, cold winds when young.
Prefers full sun and needs fertile, well-
drained soil; A. menziesii requires acid
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
late summer or by seed in fall.

A. andrachne (Grecian strawberry tree).
Evergreen, spreading tree or shrub. H and
S 20ft (6m). Has oval, glossy, dark green
leaves and peeling, reddish-brown bark.
Panicles of urn-shaped, white flowers in late
spring are followed by orange-red fruits.
Prefers a sheltered position. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. x andrachnoides, illus. p.79.

A. menziesii (Madrona, Madrone).
Evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 50ft
(15m). Has smooth, peeling, reddish bark
and oval, dark green leaves. Large, upright,
terminal panicles of urn-shaped, white

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS

flowers in early summer are followed by
orange or red fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. unedo, illus. p.93.

ARCHONTOPHOENIX

King palm

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
majestic appearance. Needs full light or
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens moderately,
less when temperatures are low. Propagate
by seed in spring at not less than 75°F
(24°C). Red spider mite may be
troublesome.

A. alexandrae , illus. p.452.

A. cunninghamiana (Illawarra palm,
Piccabeen palm). Evergreen palm.

H 50-70ft (15-20m), S 6-15ft (2-5m). Has
long, arching, feather-shaped leaves.
Mature trees produce large clusters of
small, lavender or lilac flowers in summer
followed by large, egg-shaped, red fruits.
Z10-11 HI 1-9.

Arcterica nana. See Pieris nana.

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS

Manzanita

ERICACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits.
Some species are also grown for their bark,
others as groundcovers. Provide shelter
from strong winds. Does best in full sun
and well-drained, acid soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

A. alpina, syn. Arctous alpinus (Alpine
bearberry). Deciduous, creeping shrub.

H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm). Produces
drooping, terminal clusters of tiny, urn¬
shaped, pink-flushed, white flowers in late
spring. These are followed by rounded,
purple-black berries. Leaves are oval,
toothed, glossy and bright green. Z2-7
H7-1.

A. diversifolia, syn. Comarostaphylis
diversifolia (Summer holly). Evergreen,
upright shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft
(3m). Leaves are oblong, glossy and dark
green. Terminal racemes of fragrant, urn¬
shaped, white flowers are borne from early
to mid-spring, followed by spherical, red
fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. 'Emerald Carpet', illus. p.147.

A. hookeri 'Monterey Carpet', syn.

A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri 'Monterey
Carpet'. Evergreen, open shrub. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. Has
hairy branchlets bearing glossy, pale
green leaves and, in early summer,
urn-shaped, white flowers, sometimes
flushed pink, which are followed by
globose, red fruits. Z8-9 H9-8.

A. manzanita (Manzanita, Parry
manzanita). Evergreen, upright shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m) or more. Has peeling,
reddish-brown bark and oval, leathery,
gray-green leaves. From early to mid¬
spring produces small, urn-shaped, deep
pink flowers. Z8-10 H9-8.

A. nevadensis (Pine-mat manzanita).
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),

S 3ft (lm). Has small, oval leaves. In
summer, pendent, urn-shaped, white
flowers are borne in clusters in leaf axils,
followed by globose, brownish-red fruits.

511

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ARCTOTHECA

Is useful as groundcover. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. nummularia (Fort Bragg manzanita).
Evergreen, erect to prostrate shrub. H 1ft
(30cm) or more, S 3ft (lm). Leaves are
small, rounded, leathery and toothed.
Pendent, urn-shaped, white flowers are
borne in clusters from leaf axils in summer,
followed by globose, green fruits. Makes
good groundcover. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. patula, illus. p.144.

A. stanfordiana (Stanford manzanita).
Evergreen, erect shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
Bark is smooth and reddish-brown. Has
narrowly oval, glossy, bright green leaves.
Drooping clusters of urn-shaped, pink
flowers are borne from early to mid-spring.
Z6-9 H9-6.

A. uva-ursi, illus. p.376. 'Point Reyes'
illus. p.375. 'Vancouver Jade' is an
evergreen, trailing, sometimes arching
shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
small, oval, bright green leaves and bears
urn-shaped, white flowers in summer.

Z2-6 H6-1.

A. uva-ursi subsp. hookeri 'Monterey
Carpet'. See A. hookeri 'Monterey Carpet'.

ARCTOTHECA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of creeping perennials. Requires a
position in bright light and fertile, well-
drained soil; dislikes humid conditions.
Propagate by seed or division in spring.

A. calendula , syn. Cryptostemma
calendulaceum (Cape dandelion), illus. p.476.

ARCTOTIS

syn. x VENIDIOARCTOTIS
African daisy
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
their flower heads and foliage. Requires full
sun and leafy loam with sharp sand added.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring or by
stem cuttings year-round.

A. Harlequin Hybrids, syn. A. x hybrida.
Fairly slow-growing, upright, branching
perennial, usually grown as an annual.

H and S 18in (45cm). Lance-shaped, lobed
leaves are grayish-green above, white
below. In summer has large, daisylike
flower heads in many shades, including
yellow, orange, bronze, purple, pink, cream
and red. 'Bacchus', has purple flower
heads; 'China Rose' deep pink;
'Sunshine' yellow; 'Tangerine' orange-
yellow; and 'Torch' bronze. Z13-15
Hll-10.

A. x hybrida. See A. Harlequin Hybrids.

A. stoechadifolia. See A. venusta.

A. venusta, syn. A. stoechadifolia (African
daisy). Compact perennial, often grown as
an annual. H 20in (50cm) or more, S 16in
(40cm). Daisylike, creamy-white flower
heads with blue centers are borne singly
throughout summer and into fall.
Chrysanthemum-like leaves are dark green
above, gray beneath. Z13-15 Hll-10.

Arctous alpinus. See Arctostaphylos
alpina.

ARDISIA

MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE

512

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their fruits and foliage. Needs
partial shade and rich, well-drained but

not dry soil. Water potted plants freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Cut back old plants in early spring
if required. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

A. crenata, syn. A. crenulata, illus. p.456.
A. crenulata. See A. crenata.

Areca lutescens. See Dypsis lutescens.

Arecastrum romanozofhanum. See

Syagrus romanozoffianum.

Aregelia carolinae. See Neoregelia
carolinae.

ARENARIA

Sandwort

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
annuals and perennials, some of which
are evergreen. Most need sun and well-
drained, sandy soil. Propagate by division
or softwood cuttings in early summer or
by seed in fall or spring.

A. balearica, illus. p.347.

A. montana, illus. p.360.

A. purpurascens, illus. p.351.

A. tetraquetra, illus. p.348.

ARGEMONE

Prickly poppy

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of robust perennials, most of
which are best treated as annuals. Grow
in sun and in very well-drained soil
without supports. Deadhead to prolong
the flowering season. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in late spring.

A. mexicana, illus. p.321.

ARGYRANTHEMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen subshrubs, grown for
their daisylike flowers. Needs full sun and
moderately fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or root greenwood cuttings in spring.

A. Butterfly ('Ulyssis'), illus. p.319.

A. frutescens, syn. Chrysanthemum
frutescens (Marguerite), illus. p.298.

A. 'Jamaica Primrose', syn.
Chrysanthemum frutescens 'Jamaica
Primrose', illus. p.319.

A. 'Mary Wootton', syn.
Chrysanthemum frutescens 'Mary
Wootton'. Evergreen, woody-based,
bushy perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
fernlike, divided, pale green foliage and
bears daisylike, pink flower heads
throughout summer. Z10-11 HI 1-1.

A. 'Summer Melody', illus. p.300.

ARGYREIA

CONVOLVULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
closely allied to Ipomoea and grown for
their showy flowers. Needs full light and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when
in full growth, sparingly at other times.
Support is needed. Thin out previous
season's growth in spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer. Red spider
mite and whitefly may be troublesome.

A. nervosa, syn. A. speciosa (Woolly
morning glory). Evergreen, twining

climber. H 25-30ft (8-10m). Has oval, silver-
backed leaves, 7-llin (18-27cm) long.
Clusters of funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers, with darker bases and white
downy in bud, are produced in summer-
fall. Z13-15 HI 1-1.

A. speciosa. See A. nervosa.

Argyrocytisus battandieri. See

Cytisus battandieri.

ARGYRODERMA

AIZOACEAE

Genus of perennial succulents, grown for
their very fleshy, gray-green leaves united
in a prostrate, egg shape. In summer,
daisylike flowers appear in central split
between leaves. Needs full sun and
extremely well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in summer.

A. aureum. See A. delaetii.

A. blandum. See A. delaetii.

A. brevipes. See A. fissum.

A. delaetii, syn. A. aureum, A. blandum,
illus. p.488.

A. fissum, syn. A. brevipes, illus. p.491.
A. pearsonii, syn. A. schlechteri, illus.
p.491.

A. schlechteri. See A. pearsonii.

ARIOCARPUS

Living rock

CACTACEAE

Genus of very slow-growing, perennial
cacti with large, swollen roots. Has
flattened, spherical, green stems with
angular tubercles and tufts of wool. Prefers
full sun and extremely well-drained, lime-
rich soil. Is very prone to rotting. Propagate
by seed in spring or summer.

A. fissuratus (Living rock). Very slow-
growing, flattened spherical, perennial
cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Gray
stem is covered with rough, triangular
tubercles each producing a tuft of wool.
Bears pink-red flowers, lVan (4cm) across,
in fall. Z12-15 Hll-10.

ARISAEMA

ARACEAE

Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
their large, curious, hooded spathes, each
enclosing a pencil-shaped spadix. Forms
spikes of fleshy, red fruits in fall, before
dying down. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained rich soil. Plant tubers
6in (15cm) deep in spring. Propagate by
seed in fall or spring or by offsets in spring.
A. atrorubens. See A. triphyllum.

A. candidissimum, illus. p.422.

A. consanguineum, illus. p.393.

A. griffithii, illus. p.412.

A. jacquemontii, illus. p.412.

A. ringens (Cobra jack). Early spring¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 10-12in
(25-30cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears 2
erect leaves, each with 3 long-pointed
lobes, and a widely hooded, green spathe,
enclosing the spadix, that has paler green
stripes and is edged with dark brown-
purple. Z6-9 H9-6.

A. sikokianum, illus. p.408.

A. tortuosum. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 1—3ft (30cm-lm),

S l-lVzft (30-45cm). Each dark green-
mottled, pale green stem bears 2-3 erect
leaves, divided into several oval leaflets.

A hooded, green or purple spathe, with a
protruding, S-shaped spadix, overtops
leaves. Produces spikes of fleshy, red fruits
in fall. Z8-9 H9-7.

A. triphyllum, syn. A. atrorubens,
illus. p.406.

ARISARUM

ARACEAE

Genus of tuberous perennials, grown
mainly for their curious, hooded spathes
enclosing spadices with minute flowers.
Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate in fall by dividing
established clumps of tubers, which
produce offsets freely.

A. proboscideum (Mouse plant).
Clump-forming, spring-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm). Leaves are arrow-
shaped and prostrate. Produces a spadix
of minute flowers concealed in a hooded,
dark brown spathe that is drawn out into
a tail up to 6in (15cm) long, creating a
mouse-like effect. Z7-9 H9-7.

ARISTEA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennials, grown for their
spikes of blue flowers in spring or summer.
Prefers a sunny position and well-drained
soil. Established plants cannot be moved
satisfactorily. Propagate by seed in fall or
spring.

A. capitata, syn. A. major, A. thyrsiflora,
illus. p.393.

A. ecklonii. Evergreen, clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 8-16in (20-40cm). Has long,
sword-shaped, tough leaves, overtopped
in summer by loosely branched spikes of
saucer-shaped, blue flowers, produced in
long succession. Z9-10 H10-9.

A. major. See A. capitata.

A. thyrsiflora. See A. capitata.

ARISTOLOCHIA

Birthwort

AR1STOLOCHIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining and scrambling
climbers, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Requires partial shade in
summer and well-drained soil. Water
regularly, less when not in full growth.
Provide support. Cut back previous
season's growth to 2 or 3 nodes in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
mite and whitefly may be a nuisance.

A. durior. See A. macrophylla.

A. elegans. See A. littoralis.

A. gigas. See A. grandiflora.

A. grandiflora, syn. A. gigas (Pelican
flower. Swan flower). Fast-growing,
evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 22ft (7m) or more. Leaves are
broadly oval, 6-10in (15-25cm) long. In
summer bears large, unpleasant-smelling,
tubular, purple-veined, white flowers, each
with a long tail and expanding at the mouth
into a heart-shaped lip. Z13-15 Hll-10.

A. griffithii, syn. Isotrema griffithii.
Moderately vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H 15-20ft

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

(5-6m). Deciduous in cold winters. Has
heart-shaped leaves and tubular, dark red
flowers, each with an expanded, spreading
lip, in summer. Z10-11 Hll-7.

A. littoralis, syn. A. elegans , illus. p.462.
A. macrophylla, syn. A. durior, A. sipho,
illus. p.204.

A. sipho. See A. macrophylla.

ARISTOTELIA

ELAEOCARPACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and deciduous
trees, grown for their foliage. Needs
separate male and female plants in order to
obtain fruits. Needs sun or semi-shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

A. chilensis, syn. A. macqui. Evergreen,
spreading shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m).
Leaves are oval, glossy and deep green.
Tiny, star-shaped, green flowers are borne
in summer, followed by small, spherical,
black fruits. Z9-11 Hll-7.

A. macqui. See A. chilensis.

ARMERIA

Sea pink , Thrift
PLUMBAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials and,
occasionally, subshrubs, grown for their
tuftlike clumps or rosettes of leaves and
their flower heads. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

A. 'Bees Ruby', syn. A. pseudarmeria
'Bees Ruby'. Evergreen, clump-forming
subshrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Round
heads of many small, ruby-red flowers
are produced in summer on stiff stems
above narrow, grasslike, dark green
leaves. Z5-7 H9-4.

A. caespitosa. See A. juniperifolia.

A. juniperifolia, syn. A. caespitosa ,
illus. p.352. 'Bevans Variety' is an
evergreen, densely cushioned subshrub.

H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrow,
pointed, mid- to gray-green leaves in loose
rosettes. Round heads of small, deep pink
flowers are borne in late spring and early
summer. Z5-7 H9-4.

A. latifolia. See A. pseudarmeria.

A. maritima. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial or subshrub. H 4in (10cm), S 6in
(15cm). Leaves are narrow, grasslike and
dark green. Stiff stems bear round heads
of many small, white to pink flowers in
summer. Makes a good edging plant. Z3-9
H9-1. 'Vindictive' illus. p.365.

A. pseudarmeria, syn. A. latifolia, illus.
p.336. 'Bees Ruby'. See A. 'Bees Ruby'.

ARNEBIA

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of perennials with hairy leaves,
suitable for rock gardens and banks. Needs
sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in fall, by root cuttings in winter or
by division in spring.

A. echioides. See A. pulchra.

A. pulchra, syn. A. echioides,
Macrotomia echioides, Echioides
longiflorum (Prophet flower). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 9-12in (23-30cm),

S lOin (25cm). Leaves are lance-shaped
to narrowly oval, hairy and light green.

In summer produces loose racemes of

tubular, bright yellow flowers, each with
5 spreading lobes and fading dark spots
at petal bases. Z6-8 H8-6.

ARNICA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown for
their large, daisylike flower heads. Is suitable
for large rock gardens. Prefers sun and rich,
well-drained soil. Propagate by division or
seed in spring. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested, and contact with sap
may aggravate skin allergies.

A. montana. Tufted, rhizomatous
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).

Bears narrowly oval to oval, hairy, gray-
green leaves and, in summer, solitary
daisylike, golden flower heads, 2in (5cm)
wide. Prefers acid soil. Z5-8 H8-5.

ARONIA

Chokeherry

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their flowers, fruits and colorful fall foliage.
Needs sun (for fall color at its best) or semi¬
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer, by seed sown in fall
or by division from early fall to spring.

A. arbutifolia (Red chokeberry), illus.
p.142. Deciduous shrub, upright when
young, later arching. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft
(1.5m). Clusters of small, white flowers,
with red anthers, in late spring, are
followed by red berries. Dark green leaves
turn red in fall. Z5-9 H8-4.

A. melanocarpa , illus. p.128.

A. x prunifolia (Purple chokeberry).
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m),

S 8ft (2.5m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves
redden in fall. Produces star-shaped, white
flowers in late spring and early summer,
followed by spherical, purplish-black fruits.
Z5-9 H9-5.

ARRHENATHERUM

Oat grass

GRAM IN EAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

A. elatius (False oat grass), subsp.
bulbosum 'Variegatum' (False oat grass)
is a loosely tuft-forming, herbaceous,
perennial grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has a basal stem swelling, hairless,
gray-green leaves, with white margins,
and open panicles of brownish spikelets
in summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

ARTEMISIA

Wormwood

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials and spreading, dwarf
subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are
evergreen or semievergreen, grown mainly
for their fernlike, silvery foliage, which is
sometimes aromatic. Prefers an open,
sunny, well-drained site; dwarf types
benefit from a winter protection of sharp
grit or gravel. Trim lightly in spring.
Propagate by division in spring or fall or by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
A. abrotanum, illus. p.165.

A. absinthium 'Lambrook Silver'.

Evergreen, bushy perennial, woody at
base. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm). Has a
mass of finely divided, aromatic, silvery-
gray leaves. Produces tiny, insignificant,
gray flower heads, borne in long panicles,
in summer. Needs protection in an exposed
site. Z4-8 H9-1.

A. alba 'Canescens', syn. A. canescens, A.
splendens. Semievergreen, bushy perennial.
H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has delicate,
finely cut, curling, silvery-gray leaves. In
summer, insignificant, yellow flower heads
are borne on erect, silver stems. Makes
good groundcover. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. arborescens, illus. p.165. 'Brass
Band'. See A. 'Powis Castle'. 'Faith
Raven' is an evergreen, upright shrub.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Differs from the
species only in that it is hardier. Has finely
cut, aromatic, silvery-white foliage and, in
summer and early fall, rounded heads of
small, bright yellow flowers. Z5-9 H9-5.

A. assoana. See A. caucasica.

A. canescens. See A. alba 'Canescens'.

A. caucasica, syn. A. assoana, A. lanata,

A. pedemontana. Evergreen or
semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H and
S 12in (30cm). Fernlike foliage is densely
covered with silvery-white hairs. Small
clusters of small, rounded, yellow flower
heads are borne in summer. Suits a rock
garden or wall. Z5-9 H9-1.

A. frigida. Semievergreen, mat-forming
perennial with a woody base. H 12in (30cm)
in flower, S 12in (30cm) or more. Bears
small, fernlike, aromatic, silky, gray-white
leaves, divided into many linear lobes. In
summer produces narrow panicles of small,
rounded, yellow flower heads. Z3-8 H8-3.

A. lactiflora, illus. p.216.

A. lanata. See A. caucasica.

A. ludoviciana (Western mugwort.
White sage). Semievergreen,
rhizomatous, clump-forming perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has aromatic,
lance-shaped, woolly, silvery-gray leaves
with jagged margins. Bears slender
plumes of tiny, grayish-white flower
heads in summer. Z4-9 H9-1. 'Silver
Queen', H 30in (75cm), has densely
white-woolly panicles of brownish-yellow
flower heads from mid-summer to fall.
Z4-9 H9-1. 'Valerie Finnis' illus. p.274.
A. pedemontana. See A. caucasica.

A. pontica (Roman wormwood).

Vigorous, upright perennial. H 24in (60cm),
S 8in (20cm). Has aromatic, feathery, silver-
green foliage and tall spikes of small,
grayish flower heads in summer. May
spread. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. 'Powis Castle', syn. A. arborescens
'Brass Band', illus. p.242.

A. schmidtiana (Silvermound).
Semievergreen, hummock-forming
perennial with creeping stems. H 3-12in
(8-30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fernlike, very
finely and deeply cut, silver leaves and, in
summer, produces short racemes of small,
rounded, pale yellow flower heads. Is good
for a large rock garden, wall or bank.

Needs sandy, peaty soil. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Nana'
illus. p.374.

A. splendens. See A. alba 'Canescens'.

A. stelleriana (Beach wormwood).
Evergreen, rounded, rhizomatous perennial
with a woody base. H 1—2ft (30-60cm),

S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). White-haired, silver
leaves are deeply lobed or toothed. Bears
slender sprays of small, yellow flower

ARUNCUS

heads in summer. Needs light soil. Z3-7
H7-1. 'Boughton Silver', syn. A.
stelleriana 'Mori', A. stelleriana 'Silver
Brocade', S 3ft (lm), is vigorous and
arching in habit. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Mori'. See
A. stelleriana 'Boughton Silver'. 'Silver
Brocade'. See A. stelleriana 'Boughton
Silver'.

ARTHROPODIUM

L1L1ACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
flowers. Prefers a position against a sunny,
sheltered wall in fertile soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in spring or
fall.

A. cirratum, syn. A. cirrhatum
(Rienga lily. Rock lily). Branching
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Bears
sprays of nodding, shallowly cup-shaped,
white flowers on wiry stems in early
summer. Has a basal tuft of narrowly
sword-shaped leaves and fleshy roots.
Z8-9 H9-8.

A. cirrhatum. See A. cirratum.

ARUM

ARACEAE

Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
their leaves and spathes, each enclosing
a pencil-shaped spadix of tiny flowers.
Requires sun or partial shade and moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in fall or by division in early fall.

A. creticum, illus. p.407.

A. dioscoridis. Spring-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 8-14in (20-35cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has a sail-like, green
or purple spathe, blotched dark purple,
surrounding a blackish-purple spadix.
Arrow-shaped, semierect leaves are
produced in fall. Needs a sheltered,
sunny site. Z7-9 H9-7.

A. dracunculus. See Dracunculus vulgaris.
A. itaiicum 'Marmoratum', syn. A.
italicum 'Pictum', illus. p.421. 'Pictum'.

See A. italicum 'Marmoratum'.

A. pictum. Fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Arrow-shaped, semierect,
glossy leaves, with cream veins, appear at
same time as cowl-like, deep purple-brown
spathe and dark purple spadix. Z6-9 H9-6.

ARUNCUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
hummocks of broad, fernlike leaves and
their plumes of white flowers in summer.
Thrives in full light and any well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division
in spring or fall.

A. dioicus, syn. A. Sylvester, Spiraea
aruncus (Goat's beard), illus. p.436.
'Kneiffii' illus. p.231.

A. Sylvester. See A. dioicus.

Arundinaria anceps. See Yushania
anceps.

Arundinaria auricoma. See Pleioblastus
viridistriatus.

Arundinaria falconeri. See

Himalayacalamus falconeri.

Arundinaria fastuosa. See

Semiarundinaria fastuosa.

Arundinaria fortunei. See Pleioblastus
variegatus.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

ARUNDO

Arundinaria japonica. See Pseudosasa
japonica.

Arundinaria jaunsarensis. See Yushania
anceps.

Arundinaria murieliae. See Fargesia
murieliae.

Arundinaria nitida. See Fargesia nitida.
Arundinaria variegata. See Pleioblastus
variegatus.

ARUNDO

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

A. donax (Giant reed). Herbaceous,
rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 20ft
(6m), S 3ft (lm). Has thick stems that bear
broad, floppy, blue-green leaves. Produces
dense, erect panicles of whitish-yellow
spikelets in summer. Can be grown in
moist soil. Z6-9 HI 1-1. var. versicolor,
syn. A. donax 'Variegata' illus. p.436.
'Variegata'. See A. donax var. versicolor.

ASARINA

SCROPHULAR1ACEAE/

PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen climbers and
perennials, often with scandent stems,
grown for their flowers. Is herbaceous in
cold climates. Needs full light and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
A. barclayana. See Maurandya
barclayana.

A. erubescens. See Lophospermum
erubescens.

A. procumbens, syn. Antirrhinum
asarina, illus. p.371.

ASARUM

syn. HEXASTYLIS

Wild ginger

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

514

Genus of rhizomatous perennials, some of
which are evergreen, with pitcher-shaped
flowers carried under kidney- or heart-
shaped leaves. Makes good groundcover,
although leaves may become damaged in
severe weather. Prefers shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring. Self-seeds readily.

A. caudatum. Evergreen, prostrate,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (8cm), S lOin
(25cm) or more. Heart-shaped, leathery,
glossy, dark green leaves, 2-4in (5-10cm)
across, conceal small, pitcher-shaped,
reddish-brown or brownish-purple
flowers, with tail-like lobes, in early
summer. Z7-9 Z9-7.

A. europaeum, illus. p.375.

A. hartwegii (Sierra wild ginger).
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S lOin (25cm) or
more. Pitcher-shaped, very dark brown,
almost black, flowers, with tail-like lobes,
are produced in early summer beneath
heart-shaped, silver-marked, mid-green
leaves, 2-4in (5-10cm) wide. Z2-8 H8-1.

A. shuttleworthii (Shuttleworth ginger).
Evergreen, prostrate, rhizomatous
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S lOin (25cm) or
more. Has broadly heart-shaped, usually
silver-marked, mid-green leaves, 3in (8cm)
across. Bears pitcher-shaped, dark brown
flowers, mottled violet inside, in early
summer. Z5-9 H9-1.

ASCLEPIAS

Milkweed

ASCLEP1ADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of tuberous perennials or
subshrubs, some of which are evergreen,
grown for their flowers which attract poll.
Stems exude milky, white latex when cut.
Hardy species prefer a position in sun and
rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by
division or seed in spring. Tender species
require sun and a moist atmosphere;
cut back during periods of growth.

Water very sparingly in low temperatures.
Propagate by tip cuttings or seed in spring.
(D Contact with the milky sap may irritate
skin.

A. curassavica (Bloodflower). Evergreen,
bushy, tuberous subshrub. H and S 3ft (lm).
Has narrowly oval leaves, to 6in (15cm)
long. Umbels of small but showy, 5-horned,
orange-red flowers, with yellow centers,
are produced in summer-fall and are
followed by narrowly ovoid, pointed
fruits, 3in (8cm) long, with silky seeds.
Z9-11 HI 1-6.

A. hallii. Upright, tuberous perennial. H to
3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oblong leaves, to
5in (13cm) long. Umbels of small, 5-horned,
dark pink flowers are borne in summer;
tightly packed silky seeds are enclosed in
narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long.
Z9-11 Hll-10.

A. physocarpa. See Gomphocarpus
physocarpus.

A. syriaca (Common milkweed). Upright,
tuberous perennial. H and S 3ft (lm) or
more. Bears oval leaves, to 8in (20cm) long.
Produces umbels of small, 5-horned,
purplish-pink flowers borne on drooping
flower stalks in summer, are followed by
narrowly ovoid fruits, to 6in (15cm) long
and filled with silky seeds. Z3-9 H9-2.

A. tuberosa (Butterflyweed), illus. p.246.

ASIMINA

ANNONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Prefers full sun and fertile, deep,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in fall or by layering or root cuttings
in winter.

A. triloba (Pawpaw). Deciduous, open
shrub or small tree. H and S 12—25ft (4-8m).
Large, oval, mid-green leaves emerge in
late spring or early summer, just after, or
at the same time as, 6-petaled, purplish-
brown flowers. Edible fruits are small,
globular and pale green. Leaves turn yellow
in fafi. Z6-8 H8-6.

ASPARAGUS

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and scrambling
climbers and shrubs, some of which are
evergreen, grown for their foliage. Grow
in partial shade or bright light, but not
direct sun, in any fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed or division in
spring.

A. densiflorus , illus. p.474. 'Myersii',

syn. A. meyeri, A. 'Myers' (Foxtail fern),
illus. p.474.

A. meyeri. See A. densiflorus 'Myersii'.

A. 'Myers'. See A. densiflorus 'Myersii'.

A. scandens , illus. p.463.

ASPERULA

Woodruff

RUBIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials; some
species make good alpine houseplants.
Most species need sun and well-drained
soil with moisture at roots. Dislikes
winter wet on crown. Propagate by
softwood cuttings or seed in early
summer.

A. athoa. See A. suberosa.

A. odorata. See Galium odoratum.

A. suberosa, syn. A. athoa, illus. p.362.

ASPHODELINE

Jacob's rod

LI LIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE

Genus of perennials with thick, fleshy
roots. Requires sun and not over-rich soil.
Propagate by division in early spring,
taking care not to damage roots, or by
seed in fall or spring.

A. liburnica. Neat, clump-forming
perennial. H 10-24in (25-60cm), S 12in
(30cm). In spring produces racemes of
shallowly cup-shaped, yellow flowers on
slender stems above linear, gray-green
leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

A. lutea, illus. p.227.

ASPHODELUS

Asphodel

LI LIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE ~

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
annuals and perennials. Requires sun; most
prefer fertile, well-drained soil. A. albus
prefers light, well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall.

A. acaulis. Prostrate perennial. H 2in
(5cm), S 9in (23cm). In spring or early
summer, stemless, funnel-shaped, flesh-
pink flowers are produced in the center
of each cluster of grasslike, mid-green
leaves. Is suitable for an alpine house.

Z9-10 H10-9.

A. aestivus, syn. A. microcarpus
(Asphodel). Upright perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 1ft (30cm). Dense panicles of star-shaped,
white flowers are borne in late spring. Has
basal rosettes of upright, then spreading,
grasslike, channeled, leathery, mid-green
leaves. Z7-10 H10-7.

A. albus, illus. p.230.

A. microcarpus. See A. aestivus.

ASPIDISTRA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials that spread slowly, grown
mainly for their glossy foliage. Although
very tolerant, is best grown in a cool,
shady position away from direct sunlight
and in well-drained soil. Water frequently
when in full growth, less at other times.
Propagate by division of rhizomes in
spring.

A. attenuata. Evergreen, rhizomatous
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm)
or more. Has long-stalked, pointed,
elliptic, yellow-spotted, glossy, deep
green leaves, 18-20in (45-50cm) long.
Small, urn-shaped red and yellow flowers
are produced at ground level in spring or
fall. Z10-13 H12-1.

A. daibuensis. Evergreen, rhizomatous

perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm)
or more. Produces lance-shaped, yellow-
spotted, glossy, deep green leaves, 16-
24in (40-60cm) long. Cup-shaped, yellow
flowers are borne near ground level, in
summer-fall. Z10-13 H12-1.

A. elatior (Cast-iron plant). Evergreen,
rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 18in (45cm). Has upright, narrow,
pointed-oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
Inconspicuous, cream to purple flowers
are occasionally produced on short stalks
near soil level. Z7-11 Hll-4. 'Asahi' has
variegated leaves each with a narrow,
inverted wedge-shaped, white zone
extending down the leaf from the apex.
Z7-11 Hll-4. 'Variegata', illus. p.277.

A. zongbayi 'Uan Fat Lady'.
Evergreen, rhizomatous perennial. H 20in
(50cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Slender
leaf stalks bear broadly oval, wavy-
margined, bright green leaves, 8in (20cm)
long, speckled with greenish-yellow and
with a central, broad, pale stripe. Cup¬
shaped, purple flowers are produced near
ground level from late summer to fall.
Zll-14 H12-1.

ASPLENIUM

ASPLENIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
ferns. Plants described prefer partial
shade, but A. trichomanes tolerates full
sun. Grow in any moist soil, although
container plants should be cultivated in a
compost that includes chopped sphagnum
moss or coarse peat. Regularly remove
any fronds that are fading. Propagate
by spores or bulbils, if produced, in late
summer.

A. bulbiferum (Hen-and-chicken fern.
Mother spleenwort). Semievergreen or
evergreen fern. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in
(30cm). Lance-shaped, finely divided, dark
green fronds produce bulbils from which
young plants develop. Z9-11 HI 1-8.

A. ceterach, syn. Ceterach officinarum,
illus. p.293.

A. nidus, illus. p.479.

A. scolopendrium, syn. Phyllitis
scolopendrium, Scolopendrium vulgare,
illus. p.292. Marginatum Group, syn.
Phyllitis scolopendrium 'Marginatum', illus.
p.292.

A. trichomanes, illus. p.291.

ASTELIA

ASTELIACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming perennials, grown
mainly for their foliage. Prefers full sun or
semi-shade and fertile soil that does not dry
out readily. Propagate by division in spring.
A. chathamica, illus. p.242.

A. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.

H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has long, sword¬
shaped, arching, silvery-gray leaves, above
which, in summer, rise branching panicles
of small, star-shaped, pale brown flowers.
Z8-9 H9-8.

ASTER

Michaelmas daisy

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and deciduous or
evergreen subshrubs with daisylike flower
heads borne in summer-fall. Prefers sun or

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil,
with adequate moisture all summer. Tall
asters require staking. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in spring or by division
in spring or fall. Some species may suffer
from powdery mildew. See also feature
panel p.249.

A. acris. See A. sedifolius.

A. albescens, syn. Microglossa albescens.
Deciduous, upright, slender-stemmed
subshrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has
narrowly lance-shaped, gray-green leaves
and flattish sprays of lavender-blue flower
heads, with yellow centers, in mid-summer.
Z7-10 H10-7.

A. alpinus, illus. p.367. 'Dark Beauty'.

See A. alpinus 'Dunkle Schone'. 'Dunkle
Schone', syn. A. alpinus 'Dark Beauty' is
a clump-forming perennial. H lOin
(25cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are lance¬
shaped and dark green. Deep purple
flower heads are borne from mid- to late
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. amellus (Italian aster). 'King
George' illus. p.250. 'Mauve Beauty' is
a bushy perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). In
fall bears clusters of large, terminal,
daisylike, violet flower heads with yellow
centers. Leaves are lance-shaped, coarse
and mid-green. Z5-8 H8-1. 'Nocturne',

H 30in (75cm), has deep lilac flower heads
with yellow centers. Z5-8 H8-1.

'Budolph Goethe' with large, violet-
blue flower heads, Z5-8 H8-1. 'Sonia'
with pink flower heads and Z5-8
H8-1. 'Veiichenkonigin', syn. A.
amellus 'Violet Queen' with deep violet
flower heads are other good cultivars.
Z5-8 H8-1. 'Violet Queen'. See A.
amellus 'Veiichenkonigin'.

A. capensis. See Felicia amelloides.

A. 'Coombe Fishacre', illus. p.249.
Clump-forming, upright perennial. H to
36in (90cm), S 14in (35cm). Has lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer,
erect stems bear masses of daisylike,
pinkish-mauve flower heads with yellow
centers that age to red. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. cordifolius 'Silver Spray', illus.
p.249. Bushy perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft
(lm). Dense, arching stems bear sprays of
small, pink-tinged, white flower heads in
fall. Mid-green leaves are lance-shaped.
Needs staking. Z5-8 H8-1.

A. diffusus. See A. lateriflorus.

A. divaricatus (White wood aster),
illus. p.249. Spreading, upright perennial.
H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has pointed,
oval, toothed, glossy, dark green leaves.

In late summer, purplish-black, wiry,
branching, arching stems bear daisylike,
white flower heads. Is best in shade,
where it makes good groundcover.
Z4-8H9-1.

A. ericoides (Heath aster). Clump¬
forming, bushy perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 12in (30cm). From late summer to late
fall produces daisylike, yellow-centered,
white flower heads, sometimes shaded
pink or blue, in lax panicles. Has small,
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and
slender, freely branched stems. Z5-8
H8-1. 'Blue Star', H 32in (80cm), has
soft mauve-blue ray florets. Z5-8 H8-1.
'Golden Spray' (illus. p.249) produces
pink-tinged, white flower heads, with
golden-yellow centers. Z5-8 H8-1. 'Pink
Cloud', H 32in (80cm), is vigorous, with

arching sprays of pale pink flower heads.
Z5-8 H8-1. f. prostratus, H to 8in
(20cm), S 24in (60cm), makes good
groundcover and has tiny, needlelike
leaves and white or pale mauve flower
heads. Z5-8 H8-1. f. prostratus 'Snow
Flurry' has pure white flowers; is good
in gravel or in a rock garden. Z5-8 H8-1.
'White Heather' (illus. p.249) produces
long-lasting, neat, white flower heads in
late fall and wire stems that may need
support. Z5-8 H8-1.

A. x frikartii 'Monch'. Bushy perennial.
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears
daisylike, single, soft lavender-blue
flower heads with yellowish-green
centers continuously from mid-summer
to late fall. Leaves are oval and rough.
May need staking. Z5-8 H8-1. 'Wunder
von Stafa' (illus. p.249) has lavender
flowers. Z5-8 H8-1.

A. 'Kylie'. Clump-forming, upright
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm).
Has lance-shaped, mildew-resistant, deep-
green leaves. In late summer, upright then
arching sprays of small, daisylike, clear
pastel-pink flower heads are borne in
profusion. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. laevis (Smooth aster). Variable, clump¬
forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mildew-
resistant, mid-green leaves. In late summer,
upright purplish stems bear abundant
sprays of daisylike, pale purple flowers.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Bluebird' has violet-blue
flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. lateriflorus, syn. A. diffusus (Calico
aster). Branching perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 20in (50cm). Bears sprays of
tiny, mauve flower heads, with pinkish-
brown centers, in fall. Lance-shaped
leaves are small and dark green. Z4-8
H8-1. var. horizontalis has flower
heads that are sometimes tinged pink,
with darker pink centers. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Lady in Black', H 4ft (1.2m), has bronze-
purple leaves and yellow-centered, white
flower heads and retains its leaf coloring
well during growing season. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Prince', H 20in (50cm), has bronze-purple
leaves, which fade to dark green, and
small, pink-centered, white flower heads.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. linosyris, illus. p.254.

A. 'Little Carlow', illus. p.249. Clump¬
forming, upright perennial. H 48in
(120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mildew-resistant, deep-green leaves. In
fall, upright sprays bear masses of
daisylike, bright mauve-blue flower
heads. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. novae-angliae (New England aster).
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Andenken an Alma
Potschke' Vigorous, upright perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S to 24in (60cm). In fall
produces clusters of single, pink flower
heads on stiff stems. Has lance-shaped,
rough leaves. May need staking.

'Autumn Snow'. See A. novae-angliae
'Herbstschnee'. 'Barr's Pink' bears
semidouble, bright rose-pink flower
heads in summer-fall. 'Harrington's
Pink', (illus. p.249), H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m),
has single, clear pink flower heads with
yellow centers. 'Herbstschnee', syn. A.
novae-angliae 'Autumn Snow', H 272-
372ft (75cm-l.lm), are white with yellow
centers. 'Rosa Sieger' (illus. p.249), H 4ft
(1.2m), has pink flower heads. 'Violetta'

(illus. p.249), H 5ft (1.5m), produces
yellow-centered, bright violet-purple
flower heads.

A. novi-belgii (New York aster). Z4-8
H8-1. 'Apple Blossom' (illus. p.249)
Vigorous, spreading perennial. H 36in
(90cm), S 24-30in (60-75cm). Panicles of
single, pale soft pink flowers are borne in
fall amid lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
'Carnival ' (illus. p.249), H 30in (75cm),

S to 18in (45cm), bears double, cerise-red
flower heads with yellow centers. Leaves
are dark green. Is prone to mildew.
'Chequers' (illus. p.249), H 36in (90cm),

S 24-30in (60-75cm), has single, purple
flowers. 'Climax', H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
(60cm), bears single, light blue flowers. Is
mildew-resistant. The flower heads of
'Fellowship', H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm),
are large, double, and clear, deep pink;
those of 'Freda Ballard' (illus. p.249)
are semidouble and rich rose-red.
'Kristina', H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm),
has large, semidouble, white flower heads
with yellow centers. 'Lassie', H 4ft
(1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces large,
single, clear pink flowers. 'Little Pink
Beauty', H 18in (45cm), S 20in (50cm), is
a good dwarf semidouble, pink cultivar.
'Marie Ballard' (illus. p.249), H to 3ft
(lm), S to 18in (45cm), has double, mid¬
blue flowers. Is prone to mildew.
'Orlando' (illus. p.249), H 3ft (lm), S to
18in (45cm), has large, single, bright pink
flower heads with golden centers. Leaves
are bright green. Mildew may be a
problem. 'Patricia Ballard', H 4ft
(1.2m), S 30in (75cm), produces
semidouble, pink flowers. The large,
single flowers of 'Peace' are mauve;
those of 'Professor Anton
Kippenberg' (illus. p.249), H 12in
(30cm), S to 18in (45cm), are clear blue
with yellow centers; and those of
'Raspberry Ripple' H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm), are smaller and reddish-
violet. 'Royal Ruby', H and S to 18in
(45cm), bears semidouble, rich red flower
heads with yellow centers. Is prone to
mildew. 'Royal Velvet', H 4ft (1.2m),

S 30in (75cm), has single, deep
violet flowers. 'Sandford White Swan',
H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm), bears white
flower heads.

A. 'Photograph', illus. p.249. Clump¬
forming, upright, compact perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Has heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves. In fall, upright then
arching, branched sprays bear masses
of daisylike, glowing violet-blue flower
heads. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. pilosus var. demotus, syn. A.
tradescantii. Erect perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 20in (50cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In fall, clusters of small, white
flower heads appear on wiry, leafy stems
and provide a good foil to bright, fall leaf
colors. Z5-9 H9-1.

A. 'Ringdove'. Clump-forming, upright,
compact perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm).
Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In fall, upright then arching,
branched sprays bear masses of small,
daisylike, yellow-centered, soft lilac flower
heads. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. sedifolius, syn. A. acris. Bushy
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
clusters of almost star-shaped, lavender-
blue flower heads, with yellow centers, in

ASTILBE

fall. Has small, narrowly oval, bright green
leaves. Z4-7 H8-1. 'Nanus', H and S 20in
(50cm), makes a compact dome of blooms.
Z4-7 H8-1.

A. 'Sunhelene', illus. p.249. Clump¬
forming, upright, compact perennial.

H 36in (100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has lance¬
shaped, mildew-resistant, mid-green
leaves. In late summer and fall, upright,
branched sprays bear masses of daisylike,
double, blue-mauve flower heads.

Z4-7 H8-1.

A. thomsonii. Upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 20in (50cm). Produces long-petaled,
pale lilac flower heads, freely in fall. Leaves
are slightly heart-shaped. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Nanus' is more compact, H 18in (45cm),

S 9in (23cm). Z4-8 H8-1.

A. tongolensis (East Indies aster). Mat¬
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 12in (30cm). Large, lavender-blue
flower heads, with orange centers,
are borne singly in early summer. Has
lance-shaped, hairy, dark green leaves.
Z4-8 H8-1.

A. tradescantii. See A. pilosus var.
demotus.

A. turbinellus. Clump-forming
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Has
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In late
summer and fall, upright, wiry, purplish-
green stems bear panicles of daisylike,
yellow-centered, pale violet flowers.

Z4-8 H8-1.

ASTERANTHERA

CESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, root
climber. May be grown up mossy tree-
trunks, trained against walls or used as
groundcover. Needs a dampish, semi-
shaded position and neutral to slightly
acid soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in
summer or by stem cuttings in late
summer or early fall.

A. ovata. Evergreen, root climber with
stems covered in white hairs. H to 12ft (4m).
Has small, oblong, toothed leaves. Tubular,
reddish-pink flowers, 2-272in (5-6cm) long,
often with yellow-striped, lower lips, are
borne singly or in pairs in leaf axils in
summer. Z8-9 H9-8.

ASTILBE

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their panicles of flowers that
remain handsome even when dried
brown in winter. Is suitable for borders
and rock gardens. Needs partial shade
for most species, and rich, moist soil.
Leave undisturbed if possible, and
give a spring mulch of well-rotted
compost. Propagate species by seed
sown in fall; others by division in
spring or fall.

A. 'Amethyst' (x arendsii hybrid), illus.
p.232. Clump-forming perennial. H and
S 3ft (lm). Tiny, star-shaped, vivid purple
flowers are borne in long, rather open,
slightly arching panicles in mid-summer
above sharply divided, matt, dark green
leaves. Is good towards the back of a
border. Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Beauty of Ernst' (x arendsii hybrid).
Clump-forming perennial. H 10-12in
(25-30cm), S 18in (45cm). Compact, oval.

515

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ASTILBE

sharply divided, vivid green leaves
become increasingly tinted wine-red
and purple, then develop fiery fall
colors. Tiny, star-shaped, pale pink
flowers, maturing to apricot, are borne
in open sprays in early summer.

Z4-8 H8-1.

A. 'Brautschleier' (x arendsii hybrid),
syn. A. 'Bridal Veil'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 30in (75cm).

Conical plumes of tiny, star-shaped,
white flowers open in mid-summer
from bright green buds then fade to
cream. Oval, sharply divided leaves are
glossy and bright green. Is less
vigorous than many taller cultivars.
Z3-8 H8-2.

A. 'Bressingham Beauty'. Leafy,
clump-forming perennial. H and S to
3ft (lm). In summer bears feathery,
tapering panicles of small, star-shaped,
rich pink flowers on strong stems. Broad
leaves are divided into oblong to oval,
toothed leaflets. Z3-8 H8-2.

A. 'Bridal Veil'. See A. 'Brautschleier'.

A. 'Bronce Elegans' ( simplicifolia
hybrid). Compact, clump-forming
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S lOin (25cm).
Pyramidal, slightly drooping panicles of
tiny, star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers
are borne in late summer on reddish
stems. Oval, sharply divided, dark green
leaves slowly turn to reddish-purple.

A

516

Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Bumalda' (x arendsii hybrid).
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 30in
(75cm). Tiny, star-shaped, bright white
flowers are borne in open panicles in
mid-summer. Has more or less oval,
jaggedly toothed, red-tinted, bronze
leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. chinensis var. pumila Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Lower two-thirds of flower
stem bears deeply dissected, coarse,
toothed, hairy, dark green leaves.

Dense, fluffy spikes of tiny, star-shaped,
deep raspberry-red flowers appear in
summer. Is good for a shaded, moist
rock garden. Z4-8 H8-2. var. taquetii
'Superba', H and S 4Vzft (1.3m), is
vigorous and has narrow, upright
spikes of vivid magenta-purple flowers.
'Vision in Red', H 28in (70cm), S 26in
(65cm), has a vigorous, upright habit, very
dark, slightly metallic green leaves and
strong, dark purple stems and leaf stalks
bearing purple flowers.

A. x crispa 'Perkeo', syn. A. 'Perkeo',
illus. p.339.

A. 'Deutschland' (japonica hybrid), illus.
p.232. Early-flowering, slow-spreading,
clump-forming, robust perennial. H 20in
(50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, sharply
divided, bright green leaves. Slightly
arching panicles of tiny, star-shaped,
white flowers are produced in late spring.
Z4-9 H8-2.

A. 'Dusseldorf' (japonica hybrid).
Tightly clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces
neat, regular panicles of tiny, star-shaped,
salmon-pink flowers in mid-summer
above oval, sharply divided, slightly
bronze- or deep-red tinted, dark green
leaves. Z4-8 H8-2.

A. Elizabeth Bloom ('Eliblo') (x arendsii
hybrid). Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).

Oval, densely packed panicles of tiny,
star-shaped, pale purplish pink flowers
are borne in mid-summer. Has oval,
sharply divided, glossy, very dark
green leaves. Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Europa' (japonica hybrid), illus.
p.232. Early-flowering, clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

In early summer produces tiny, star¬
shaped, unusually broad-petaled, pale
purplish-pink flowers in dense panicles.
Has oval, sharply divided, glossy, mid¬
green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Fanal', illus. p.439.

A. 'Feuer' (x arendsii hybrid), syn.

A. 'Fire', illus. p.232. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 3ft (lm). Conical
plumes of tiny, star-shaped, rich purplish-
red flowers are borne in early summer
above oval, sharply divided, glossy, bright
green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Fire'. See A. 'Feuer'.

A. glaberrima var. saxatilis. Mound¬
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). In summer produces tiny,
star-shaped, white-tipped, mauve
flowers in short spikes. Oval, sharply
divided, glossy, deeply toothed, dark
green leaves are tinted red underneath.
Thrives in consistently moist soil.

Z3-8 H8-1.

A. 'Gnom', syn. A. simplicifolia 'Gnom'.
Arching, clump-forming, slender¬
stemmed perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 4in (10cm). Has oval, deeply lobed or
cut, crimped, reddish-green leaves in a
basal rosette. Produces dense racemes
of tiny, star-shaped, pink flowers in
summer. Is good for a shaded, moist rock
garden or peat bed. Self-seeds in damp
places but will not come true. Z4-8 H8-2.
A. 'Granat', illus. p.232. Clump-forming,
leafy perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S to 3ft (lm).
Produces pyramidal trusses of tiny, star¬
shaped, deep red flowers in summer above
broad, bronze-flushed, rich green leaves,
which are divided into oblong to oval,
toothed leaflets. Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Irrlicht', illus. p.232. Leafy
perennial. H lV2-2ft (45-60cm), S to 3ft
(lm). Bears tapering, feathery plumes of
tiny, white flowers in summer. Foliage is
dark green and flowers remain on the
plant, dried and brown, well into winter.
Z4-9 H8-2.

A. 'Koln' (japonica hybrid). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Panicles of tiny, star-shaped,
deep pink flowers are borne in mid¬
summer. Oval, sharply divided, dark
green leaves are tinted bronze or deep
red. Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Montgomery', illus. p.232. Leafy
perennial. H 2Vzft (75cm), S to 3ft (lm).
Bears tapering, feathery plumes of tiny,
deep salmon-red flowers in summer.
Foliage is broad and divided into leaflets;
flowers, brown when dried, remain on the
plant well into winter. Z3-8 H8-2.

A. 'Ostrich Plume'. See A.
'Straussenfeder'.

A. 'Perkeo'. See A. x crispa 'Perkeo'.

A. 'Professor van der Wielen'

(thunbergii hybrid). Clump-forming
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Arching
sprays of tiny, star-shaped, pure white
flowers are borne in early summer above
oval, sharply divided, fresh green leaves.
Z4-8 H8-2.

A. 'Rheinland' (japonica hybrid). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 18in
(45cm). Compact, conical, upright panicles
of tiny, star-shaped, deep pink flowers are
produced in early and mid-summer above
conspicuously divided, mid-green leaves.
Z4-8 H8-2.

A. simplicifolia 'Gnom'. See A. 'Gnom'.
A. 'Sprite', illus. p.232. Clump-forming,
dwarf, leafy perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S to 3ft (lm). Has feathery, tapering
panicles of tiny, star-shaped, shell-pink
flowers in summer, borne above broad
leaves divided into narrowly oval,
toothed leaflets. Z4-8 H8-1.

A. 'Straussenfeder', syn. A. 'Ostrich
Plume', illus. p.232. Leafy perennial. H
and S to 3ft (lm). Has divided leaves.
Arching, feathery, tapering plumes of
tiny, coral-pink flowers are produced in
summer; dry, brown flowers remain on
plant well into winter. Z3-8 H8-2.

A. 'Venus', illus. p.234.

A. 'Willie Buchanan' ( simplicifolia
hybrid). Clump-forming perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces
neat clumps of divided, red- or bronze-
tinted, green leaves. Loose, conical sprays
of tiny, star-shaped, pale pink flowers, with
white petals, are borne in mid- and late
summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

ASTILBOIDES

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Genus of one species of hardy perennial,
grown for its foliage, which turns reddish
in fall. Needs partial shade and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by division or
seed in fall.

A. tabularis , syn. Rodgersia tabularis,
illus. p.435.

ASTRANTIA

Masterwort

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE

Genus of perennials, widely used in
flower arrangements. Requires sun or
semi-shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
seed when fresh, in late summer.

A. major (Masterwort). Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces greenish-white, sometimes
pink-tinged flower heads throughout
summer-fall above a dense mass of
divided, mid-green leaves. Z4-7 H7-1.
subsp. carinthiaca. See A. major
subsp. involucrata 'Hadspen Blood'
has dark red bracts and flowers,
subsp. involucrata, syn. A. major
subsp. carinthiaca has pink-tinged
flowerheads with long bracts through
summer. 'Roma', illus. p.278. 'Ruby
Wedding', illus. p.238.

A. maxima, illus. p.278.

ASTROPHYTUM

CACTACEAE

Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti,
grown for their freely produced, flattish,
yellow flowers, some with red centers.
Frost tender, min. 41°F (5°C). Prefers
sun and very well-drained, lime-rich
soil. Allow to dry completely in winter.

Is prone to rot if wet. Propagate by seed
sown in spring or summer.

A. asterias, syn. Echinocactus asterias
(Sea urchin. Silver dollar cactus). Slow-
growing, slightly domed, perennial
cactus. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S 4in (10cm).
Spineless stem has about 8 low ribs
bearing small, tufted areoles. Produces
bright yellow flowers, to 2 V 2 in (6cm)
across, in summer. Z13-15 Hll-10.

A. myriostigma, syn. Echinocactus
myriostigma , illus. p.494.

A. ornatum, syn. Echinocactus ornatus,
illus. p.495.

Asystasia hella. See Mackaya bella.

ATHEROSPERMA

ATHEROSPERMATACEAE/

MONIMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
their foliage and flowers in summer.
Needs full light or partial shade and well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less in winter. Pruning is
tolerated if necessary. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

A. moschatum (Australian sassafras,
Tasmanian sassafras). Evergreen,
spreading tree, conical when young. H 50-
80ft (15-25m), S 15-30ft (5-10m). Has lance¬
shaped, nutmeg-scented, glossy leaves,
slightly toothed and covered with white
down beneath. Produces small, saucer¬
shaped, creamy-white flowers in summer.
Z9-11 HI 1-9.

ATHROTAXIS

Tasmanian cedar
TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE

Genus of conifers with awl-shaped
leaves that clasp stems. See also
CONIFERS.

A. selaginoides (King William pine).
Irregularly conical conifer. H 50ft (15m)
or more, S 15ft (5m). Has tiny, thick-
textured, loosely overlapping, dark
green leaves and insignificant, globular
cones. Z8-9 H9-8.

ATHYRIUM

ATHYRIACEAE/WOODSIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or, occasionally,
semievergreen ferns. Needs shade
and rich, moist soil. Remove fading
fronds regularly. Propagate by spores
in late summer or by division in fall or
winter.

A. blix-femina (Lady fern). Deciduous
fern. H 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m), S l-3ft (30cm-
lm). Dainty, lance-shaped, much-divided,
arching fronds are pale green. Has very
variable frond dissection. Z4-9 H9-1.

A. 'Ghost', illus. p.290.

A. goeringianum. See A. niponicum.

A. niponicum, syn. A. goeringianum ,

A. nipponicum (Japanese painted fern),
var. pictum 'Burgundy Lace'
illus. p.290.

A. nipponicum. See A. niponicum.

A. otophorum. Semievergreen
fern. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
arching, broadly ovate, divided, mid¬
green or purple-tinged fronds, 18-30in
(45-75cm) long. Stalk and midrib are
deep wine-purple. Z5-8 H8-2.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ATRIPLEX

CHENOPODIACEAE/AMARANTHACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen or semievergreen shrubs,
grown for their foliage. Grows well by
the coast. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

A. halimus (Tree purslane).
Semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S 10ft (3m). Oval leaves are silvery-gray.
Produces flowers very rarely. Z7-9 H9-7.
A. hortensis var. rubra (Red mountain
spinach. Red orach). Fast-growing,
erect annual. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1ft (30cm).
Triangular, deep red leaves, to 6in (15cm)
long, are edible. Bears insignificant
flowers in summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

AUBRIETA

Aubretia

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, trailing and mound¬
forming perennials. Is useful on dry
banks, walls and in rock gardens.

Thrives in a sunny position and in any
well-drained soil. To maintain a compact
shape, cut back hard after flowering.
Propagate by greenwood cuttings in
summer or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer or fall.

A. 'Carnival'. See A. 'Hartswood Purple'.
A. 'Cobalt Violet'. Evergreen,
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has small, soft green leaves.
Single, blue-violet flowers are borne
in short, terminal spikes in spring.

Z5-7 H7-5.

A. deltoidea 'Argenteovariegata',

illus. p.354.

A. 'Doctor Mules'. Vigorous, evergreen,
mound-forming perennial. H 2-3in (5-8cm),
S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, toothed, soft
green leaves and, in spring, large, single,
rich purple flowers on short spikes.

Z5-7 H7-5.

A. 'Greencourt Purple', illus. p.354.

A. 'Gurgedyke'. Evergreen, mound¬
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in
(20cm). Bears rounded, toothed, soft green
leaves. Produces 4-petaled, deep purple
flowers in spring. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. 'Hartswood Purple', syn. A.
'Carnival'. Vigorous, evergreen,
mound-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has small, soft green
leaves and many short spikes of large,
single, violet-purple flowers borne in
spring. Z5-7 H7-5.

A. 'J.S. Baker', illus. p.354.

A. 'Joy', illus. p.353.

A. 'Purple Charm', illus. p.355.

AUCUBA

CORNACEAE/GARRYACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage and fruits. To obtain fruits,
grow both male and female plants. Makes
good houseplants when kept in a cool,
shaded position. Tolerates full sun
through to dense shade. Grow in any but
waterlogged soil. To restrict growth, cut
old shoots back hard in spring. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings taken in summer.

A. japonica (Japanese aucuba).

Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub. H and

S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy, green shoots and
glossy, dark green leaves. Small, purplish
flowers in mid-spring are followed on
female plants by rounded to egg-shaped,
bright red berries. Z6-10 HU-6.
'Crotonifolia', H 6ft (2m), S 6ft (2m), has
leaves heavily mottled yellow. 'Gold Dust'
has gold-speckled, dark green leaves.
'Picturata' the bright green leaves (male)
each have a central, golden blotch. Some
plants of 'Crotonifolia' and 'Picturata' are
known to be female and have produced
fruits.

AURINIA

BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
for their gray-green foliage and showy
flower sprays. Is suitable for rock gardens,
walls and banks. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in early summer or
by seed in fall.

A. saxatilis, syn. Alyssum saxatile, illus.
p.335. 'Citrina' illus. p.335. 'Dudley
Nevill' is an evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has oval, hairy, gray-green leaves and, in
late spring and early summer, produces
racemes of many small, 4-petaled, buff-
yellow flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Variegata'
illus. p.335.

AUSTROCEDRUS

CUPRESSACEAE ~

Genus of conifers with flattish sprays of
scalelike leaves. See also CONIFERS.

A. chilensis, syn. Libocedrus chilensis,
illus. p.100.

Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica.

See Opuntia cylindrica.

Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii.

See Opuntia verschaffeltii.

Avena Candida. See Helictotrichon
sempervirens.

Avena sempervirens. See Helictotrichon
sempervirens.

AZARA

FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and for their yellow
flowers, which are composed of a mass of
stamens. Where marginally hardy, plants
are best grown against a south- or west¬
facing wall for added protection. Grows
in sun or shade and in fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

A. lanceolata. Evergreen, bushy shrub
or spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has
narrowly oval, sharply toothed, bright
green leaves. Has small, rounded clusters
of pale yellow flowers in late spring or
early summer. Z8-10 HU-10.

A. microphylla, illus. p.U8. 'Variegata'
illus. p.U9.

A. serrata, illus. p.195.

AZOLLA

AZOLLACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating
water ferns, grown for their foliage
and also to control algal growth by

reducing light in water beneath. Grows
in sun or shade. If not kept in check, may
be invasive; reduce spread by removing
portions with a net. Propagate by
redistributing clusters of plantlets
when they appear.

A. caroliniana. See A. tiliculoides.

A. tiliculoides, syn. A. caroliniana
(Fairy moss. Water fern). Deciduous,
perennial, floating water fern. S
indefinite. Divided fronds vary from
red to purple in full sun and from pale
green to blue-green in shade. Z7-U
HU-1.

AZORELLA

UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, tufted or spreading
perennials, grown for their flowers and
neat, rosetted foliage. Is useful as an
alpine house plant. Thrives in full light
and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

A. nivalis. See A. trifurcata.

A. trifurcata, syn. A. nivalis, illus. p.376.

AZORINA

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of one species of erect, evergreen
shrub with bell-shaped flowers. Needs
full light and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer.

A. vidalii, syn. Campanula vidalii,
illus. p.453.

Azureocereus. See Browningia.

Azureocereus hertlingianus. See

Browningia hertlingiana.

BALLOTA

B

BAB I AN A

Baboon flower

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and early summer¬
flowering corms, grown for their brightly
colored flowers, which are somewhat like
freesias. Requires a position in sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate in fall by seed
or natural division of corms.

B. disticha. See B. fragrans.

B. fragrans, syn. B. disticha, B. plicata.
Spring-flowering corm. H 4-8in (10-20cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has a fan of lance-shaped,
erect, basal leaves and short spikes of
funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers, lV2-2in
(4-5cm) long, with yellow-patched petals.
Z13-15 H12-10.

B. plicata. See B. fragrans.

B. rubrocyanea (Winecups), illus. p.418.
B. stricta. Spring-flowering corm.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).
Produces a fan of narrowly lance-shaped,
erect, basal leaves and short spikes of up
to 10 funnel-shaped, purple, blue, cream
or pale yellow flowers, l-lVan (2.5-4cm)
long and sometimes red-centered. Z13-15
HU-10.

BACCHARIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly
fall-flowering shrubs, grown for their
foliage and fruits. Is useful for exposed,
coastal gardens and dry soil. Requires a
position in full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer.
B. halimifolia (Bush groundsel).
Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 12ft (4m). Has oval, sharply
toothed, gray-green leaves. Large clusters
of tiny, white flower heads in mid-fall are
followed by fluffy, white heads of tiny
fruits. Z3-7 H7-1.

Bahia lanata. See Eriophyllum lanatum.

BALDELLIA

ALISMATACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
perennial, bog plants and submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage.
Prefers a position in sun, but tolerates
shade. Remove fading foliage and excess
growth as required. Propagate by division
in spring or summer.

B. ranunculoides, syn. Alisma
ranunculoides, Echinodorus ranunculoides.
Deciduous, perennial, bog plant or
submerged water plant. H 9in (23cm),

S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves and, in summer, umbels of small,
3-parted, pink or white flowers with basal,
yellow marks. Z5-8 H8-5.

BALLOTA

LABIATEA/LAMIACEAE

Genus of perennials and evergreen or
deciduous subshrubs, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Requires very well-
drained soil and full sun. Cut back in
spring before growth starts. Propagate

517

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BAMBUSA

by semiripe cuttings in summer.

B. acetabulosa, illus. p.165.

B. pseudodictamnus (False dittany),
illus. p.347.

BAMBUSA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

B. glaucescens. See B. multiplex.

B. multiplex, syn. B. glaucescens (Hedge
bamboo). Evergreen, clump-forming
bamboo. H to 50ft (15m), S indefinite. Has
narrow leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long. Is
useful for a hedge or windbreak. Z8-11
HI 1-1.

BANKSIA

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and foliage.
Requires full light and sharply drained,
sandy soil that contains little phosphate
or nitrate. Water container plants
moderately when in full growth,
sparingly at other times. Freely ventilate
plants grown under glass. Propagate
by seed in spring.

B. baxteri. Evergreen, spreading, open
shrub. H and S 6-10ft (2-3m). Leathery,
mid-green leaves are strap-shaped, cut
from the midrib into triangular, sharply
pointed lobes. Produces dense, spherical
heads of small, tubular, yellow flowers in
summer. Z10-11 HI 1-10.

B. coccinea, illus. p.456.

B. ericifolia (Heath banksia). Evergreen,
irregularly rounded, wiry, freely branching
shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has small,
needlelike leaves and dense, upright,
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long, of small, tubular, bronze-red or
yellow flowers in late winter and spring.

Z10-11 HI 1-10.

B. serrata. Evergreen, bushy, upright
shrub or tree. H 10-30ft (3-10m), S 5-10ft
(1.5-3m). Oblong to lance-shaped, saw¬
toothed, leathery leaves are mid- to deep
green. Small, tubular, reddish-budded,
cream flowers are borne in dense, upright,
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long, from spring to late summer. Z10-11
Hll-10.

BAPTISIA

False indigo

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their flowers. Requires full sun
and deep, well-drained, preferably neutral
to acidic soil. Is best not disturbed once
planted. Propagate by division in early
spring or by seed in fall.

B. australis, illus. p.240.

Barbacenia elegans. See Vellozia
elegans.

BARBAREA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

518

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
biennials and annuals. Most species are
weeds or winter salad plants, but the
variegated form of B. vulgaris is grown
for decorative purposes. Grows in a sunny
or shady position and in any well-drained

but not very dry soil. Propagate by seed
or division in spring. May be invasive in
parts of North America.

B. vulgaris (Winter Cress, Yellow rocket).
Z4-9 H9-1. 'Variegata' is a rosette¬
forming perennial. H 10-18in (25-45cm),

S to 9in (23cm). Has long, toothed, glossy
leaves, blotched with cream. Produces
heads of small, silvery-yellow flowers in
early summer. Z4-9 H9-1.

BARLERIA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and perennials,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light
or partial shade and fertile soil. Water
container plants well when in full growth,
moderately at other times. In the growing
season, prune tips of young plants to
encourage branching. For a more compact
habit, shorten long stems after flowering.
May be propagated by seed in spring or by
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
B. cristata (Philippine violet). Evergreen,
semierect shrub. H and S 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m).
Has elliptic, coarsely haired leaves. Tubular,
light violet flowers, sometimes pale pink or
white, are produced from upper leaf axils
in summer. Z10-11 Hll-10.

B. obtusa. Evergreen, erect, spreading
shrub. H and S to 3ft (lm). Leaves are
elliptic. Tubular, mauve flowers are
produced from upper leaf axils in winter¬
spring. Z9-12 H12-9.

Barosma pulchella. See Agathosma
pulchella.

BARTLETTINA

COM POSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, subshrubs and
shrubs, many of which are evergreen,
grown mainly for their flowers, some also
for their architectural foliage. Requires
full light or partial shade. Will grow in
any conditions, although most species
prefer moist but well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Prune
shrubs lightly after flowering or in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring; shrubs and
subshrubs may also be propagated by
softwood or greenwood cuttings in
summer, perennials by division in early
spring or fall. Red spider mite and whitefly
may be troublesome.

B. sordida, syn. Eupatorium ianthinum,
Eupatorium sordidum. Evergreen, rounded,
robust stemmed shrub. H and S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Oval, serrated, deep green leaves
are red haired. Produces fragrant,
pomponlike, violet-purple flower heads in
flattened clusters, 4in (10cm) wide, mainly
in winter. Z13-15 H12-1.

Bartonia aurea. See Mentzelia lindleyi.

BASS IA

syn. KOCHIA

CHENOPODIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their habit, the feathery effect of their
leaves and their fall tints. Does best in sun
and in fertile, well-drained soil. May require
support in very windy areas. Propagate
by seed sown under glass in early to mid¬
spring, or outdoors in late spring.

B. scoparia f. trichophyila, illus. p.316.

BAUERA

CUNONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly
for their flowers. Needs full sun and rich,
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container plants moderately, less when
not in full growth. Remove straggly stems
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

B. rubioides. Evergreen, bushy, wiry-
stemmed shrub, usually of spreading habit.
H and S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Leaves each have
3 oval to lance-shaped, glossy leaflets.
Bowl-shaped, pink or white flowers are
borne in early spring and summer. Z13-15
HI 1-1.

BAUHINIA

Orchid tree

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous trees, shrubs and scandent
climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water container specimens freely when
in full growth, less in winter. Thin out
congested growth after flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring.

B. galpinii, syn. B. punctata (Red
bauhinia). Semievergreen or evergreen,
spreading shrub, occasionally semi¬
climbing. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2m). Has
2-lobed leaves and, in summer, fragrant,
bright brick-red flowers. Z13-15 Hll-10.

B. punctata. See B. galpinii.

B. variegata, illus. p.450. "Candida'
is a deciduous tree, rounded when
young, spreading with age. H 8ft (2m),

S 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval, deeply
notched leaves and fragrant, pure
white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in
winter-spring or sometimes later.

Z13-15 Hll-10.

x Bealiara Eurostar gx. See x Aliceara
Eurostar gx.

BEAUCARNEA

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown mainly for their intriguing overall
appearance. Needs full light and sharply
drained, fertile soil; drought conditions are
tolerated. Water container specimens
moderately; allow potting mix almost to
dry out between waterings. Propagate by
seed or suckers in spring or by stem-tip
cuttings in summer.

B. recurvata, syn. Nolina recurvata,

Nolina tuberculata, illus. p.451.

BEAUMONTIA

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their large,
fragrant flowers and handsome leaves.
Requires fertile, well-drained soil and full
light. Water freely in growing season,
sparingly at other times. Provide support.
Thin out previous season's growth after
flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in late summer.

B. grandiflora, illus. p.459.

BEGONIA

BEGONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
and small, treelike plants, perennials and
annuals, grown for their colorful flowers
and/or ornamental leaves. Prefers slightly
acidic soil. Is susceptible to powdery
mildew and botrytis from late spring to
early fall. Commonly cultivated begonias
are divided into the following groupings,
each with varying cultivation requirements.
See also feature panel p.317.
Cane-stemmed begonias
Evergreen, woody perennials, many known
as "Angelwings," with usually erect, cane¬
like stems bearing regularly spaced,
swollen nodes and flowers in large,
pendulous panicles. Encourage branching
by pinching out growing tips. New growth
develops from base of plant. Grow under
glass in good light but not direct sun (poor
light reduces quantity of flowers) and in
free-draining, soil-based potting mix. Stake
tall plants. Propagate in spring by seed or
tip cuttings.

Rex-cultorum begonias

Mostly evergreen, rhizomatous perennials
of variable habit derived from crosses of
B. rex and related species. They are grown
for their brilliantly colored, oval to lance¬
shaped leaves, 3-12in (8-30cm) long, that
are sometimes spirally twisted. Prefer
40-75% relative humidity. Grow under
glass in cool climates, in partial shade
and well-drained soil; water only sparingly.
Do not allow water to remain on the leaves,
otherwise they become susceptible to
botrytis. Propagate in spring by seed,
leaf cuttings or division of rhizomes.
Rhizomatous begonias
Variable, mostly evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their foliage and
small, single flowers. Smooth, crested or
puckered, green or brown leaves, 3-12in
(8-30cm) long, often marked silver, are
sometimes spirally twisted. Creeping
cultivars are more freely branched than
erect ones and are useful for hanging
baskets. Prefer 40-75% relative humidity.
Grow under glass in cool climates, in
partial shade and well-drained soil; water
only sparingly. Do not allow water to
remain on the leaves, otherwise they
become susceptible to botrytis. Propagate
in spring by seed, leaf cuttings or division
of rhizomes.

Semperflorens begonias

Evergreen, bushy perennials, derived from
B. cucullata var. hookeri, B. schmidtiana and
other species, often grown as half-hardy
bedding annuals. Stems are soft, succulent
and branch freely, bearing generally
rounded, green, bronze or variegated
leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Flowers are single
or double. Pinch out growing tips to
produce bushy plants. Needs sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate in
spring by seed or stem cuttings.

Shrublike begonias
Evergreen, multistemmed, bushy
perennials, usually freely branched with
flexible, erect or pendent stems, often hairy.
Leaves may be hairy or glabrous and up to
6in (15cm) across, 4-12in (10-30cm) long.
Single flowers are pink, cream or white.
Prefer 55% relative humidity. Grow under

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BEGONIA

glass in good light and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate in spring by seed
or stem cuttings.

Tuberous begonias (including the
Tuberhybrida, Multiflora and Pendula
begonias)

Mostly upright, bushy, tuberous, winter-
dormant perennials grown for their foliage
and flowers. Tuberhybrida begonias, H and
S 30in (75cm), vary from pendent to erect,
with sparsely branched, succulent stems
and oval, pointed, glossy, bright to dark
green leaves, 8in (20cm) long. Most are
summer flowering and mainly double-
flowered. Multiflora cultivars, H and S 12in
(30cm), are more bushy and have 3in (8cm)
long leaves and single, semidouble or
double flowers, each lVz-2in (4-5cm)
across, in summer; tolerates full sun.
Pendula cultivars, H to 3ft (lm), have long,
thin, trailing stems; leaves are 2V2-3in
(6-8cm) long. Masses of single or double
flowers are borne in summer. Outdoors,
grow in dappled shade and moist
conditions; under glass, plant in cool shade
with 65-70% relative humidity. Tubers are
dormant in winter. Start into growth in
spring for mid-summer to early fall
flowering. Remove all flower buds until
stems show at least 3 pairs of leaves; with
large-flowered types allow only central
male bud to flower, so remove flanking
buds. Plants may require staking.

Propagate in spring by seed, stem or
basal cuttings or division of tubers.
Winter-flowering begonias
Evergreen, low-growing, very compact
perennials, with succulent, thin stems,
that are often included in the tuberous
group. Two main groups are recognized:
the single-flowered, usually pink or white,
Lorraine, Cheimantha or Christmas
begonias; and the single, semidouble
or double, Elatior and Rieger begonias,
which occur in a wide range of colors.
Leaves are green or bronze, 2in (5cm) long.
Flowers are borne mainly from late fall to
mid-spring. Prefer 40% relative humidity.
Prefers indirect sun and moist soil.

Cut back old stems to 4in (10cm) after
flowering. Propagate in spring by seed
or stem cuttings.

B. albopicta, illus. p.317. Fast-growing,
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 3ft
(lm), S 1ft (30cm). Freely branched, green
stems turn brown-green when mature.
Narrowly oval to lance-shaped, wavy-
edged, green leaves are silver-spotted. Has
clusters of single, green-white flowers in
summer-fall. Hll-1.

B. angularis, syn. B. compta, B.
stipulacea, B. zebrina. Evergreen, cane¬
stemmed begonia. H 2—4ft (60cm-1.2m),

S 1ft (30cm). Bears well-branched, angular
stems and oval, wavy-edged, gray-green
leaves, 8in (20cm) long, with silver-gray
veins, pale green beneath. Single, white
flowers are produced in winter-spring.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Apricot Cascade'. Pendent
Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 2ft (60cm).
Has emerald-green leaves and, from early
summer to mid-fall, double, orange-apricot
flowers. Other cascades are "Bridal
Cascade' (pink-edged, white petals),
"Crimson Cascade', "Gold Cascade',
"Orange Cascade'. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Beatrice Haddreli'. Evergreen,

creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm). Oval leaves
are deeply cleft, 3-6in (8-15cm) long and
dark green with paler veins. Produces
single, pink flowers, above foliage, in
winter and early spring. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Bethlehem Star'. Evergreen,
creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm). Oval,
slightly indented, almost black leaves, less
than 3in (8cm) long, each have a central,
creamy-green star. Bears masses of single,
pale pink flowers, with darker pink spots,
from late winter to early spring. Z13-15
Hll-1.

B. "Billie Langdon'. Upright
Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). In summer has masses of heavily
veined, double, white flowers, 7in (18cm)
across, each with a perfect rose-bud center.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Bokit'. Evergreen, erect, rhizomatous
begonia. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 10-14in
(25-35cm). Has oval, spirally twisted,
yellow-green leaves with brown tiger
stripes. Bears masses of single, white
flowers, flecked with pink, in winter.

Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. boliviensis "Bonfire', illus. p.317.
Semi-trailing begonia.H 30in (75cm),

S 36in (100cm). Succulent stems bear lance¬
shaped, slightly hairy leaves, 5in (12cm)
long, with narrow, toothed, red edges.
Produces abundant, pendulous, single,
orange-red flowers from late spring to fall.
Hll-1.

B. bowerae (Eyelash begonia), illus. p.317.
Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia.
H 10-12in (25-30cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).
Has oval, bright green leaves, lin (2.5cm)
long, with chocolate marks and bristles
around edges. Bears single, pink-tinted,
white flowers freely in winter. Hll-1.

B. "Can-can'. See B. "Herzog von Sagan'.
B. "City of Ballarat'. Vigorous, upright
Tuberhybrida begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Leaves are rich dark green.
Produces double, glowing orange flowers,
7in (18cm) across, with broad petals and
formal centers, in summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.
B. coccinea (Angelwing begonia).
Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces narrowly
oval, glossy, green leaves, buff-colored
beneath, and, in spring, many single, pink
or coral-red flowers. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Cocktail Series'. Semperflorens
begonia. H and S 8-12in (20-30cm).
Produces rounded, wavy, green-bronze
leaves and pink, red or white flowers from
summer until fall frosts. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. compta. See B. angularis.

B. "Corallina de Lucerna'. See B.
"Lucerna'.

B. "Curly Merry Christmas'. Rex-
cultorum begonia. H lOin (25cm), S 12in
(30cm). Is a sport of B. "Merry Christmas'
with spirally twisted leaves. Z13-15 Hll-1.
B. dichroa. Evergreen, cane-stemmed
begonia. H 14in (35cm), S lOin (25cm). Oval,
mid-green leaves are 5in (12cm) long;
occasionally new leaves bear silver spots.
Produces small, single, orange flowers,
each with a white ovary, in summer.

Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. Dragon Wing Bed ("Bepared')
(Dragon Wing Series), illus. p.317.
Vigorous, Semperflorens begonia. H and
S 18in (45cm). Semi-trailing, succulent

stems bear oval, slightly waxy, mid-green
leaves, 2-3in (5-7.5cm). Produces clusters
of single, scarlet flowers from late summer
to fall. Hll-1.

B. dregei (Mapleleaf begonia), illus. p.317.
Semi-tuberous begonia. H 30in (75cm),

S 14in (35cm). Has small, maple-like, lobed,
purple-veined, bronze leaves, red beneath
and at times silver-speckled when young.
Profuse, pendent, single, white flowers are
borne in summer. Needs winter rest.

Hll-1.

B. "Duartei'. Rex-cultorum begonia.

H and S 18-24in (45-60cm). Has spirally
twisted, red-haired, very dark green leaves,
more than 6in (15cm) long, with silver-gray
streaks and almost black edges. Is difficult
to grow to maturity. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. x erythrophylla. See B.

"Erythrophylla'.

B. "Erythrophylla', syn. B. x
erythrophylla, B. "Feastii'. Evergreen,
creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 8in
(20cm), S 9-12in (23-30cm). Thick, mid¬
green leaves, 3-6in (8-15cm) long, are
almost rounded, with leaf stalks attached
to center of red undersides; slightly wavy
margins have white hairs. Produces single,
light pink flowers well above foliage, in
early spring. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Feastii'. See B. "Erythrophylla'.

B. "Flamboyant'. Upright Tuberhybrida
begonia. H 7in (17cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves
are slender and bright green. Has single,
scarlet flowers in profusion in summer.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. foliosa. Evergreen, shrublike begonia.
H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm).
Bears erect, then arching stems and oval,
toothed, dark green leaves, V 2 in (1cm) long.
Has very small, single, white flowers in
spring and fall. Is susceptible to whitefly.
Z13-15 Hll-1. var. miniata, syn. B.
fuchsiioides (Fuchsia begonia), H to 4ft
(1.2m), S 1ft (30cm), has leaves lV 2 in (4cm)
long and pendent, single, bright red
flowers borne in winter. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. fuchsiioides. See B. foliosa var.
miniata.

B. "Gloire de Lorraine' (Christmas
begonia, Lorraine begonia). Evergreen,
winter-flowering, Cheimantha begonia.

H 12in (30cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm). Is well-
branched with rounded, bright green
leaves and single, white to pale pink
flowers. Male flowers are sterile, female
ones highly infertile. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. gracilis var. martiana , syn. B.
martiana. Tuberous begonia. H 24-30in
(60-75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has small, oval
to lance-shaped, lobed, pale green or
brown-green leaves with tapering tips and
large, fragrant, single, pink flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, in summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.
B. grandis subsp. evansiana , illus.
p.278.

B. haageana. See B. scharffii.

B. "Helen Lewis'. Rex-cultorum
begonia. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm).

Has an erect rhizome and silky, deep
royal purple leaves, 6-8in (15-20cm)
long, with silver bands. Slightly hairy,
single, cream flowers are produced in
early summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Herzog von Sagan', syn. B. 'Can¬
can', illus. p.322.

B. "Ikon White Blush', illus. p.317.
Semperflorens begonia. H and S to 6in
(15cm). Has broadly oval, pointed, slightly

bronzed, mid-green leaves. Produces
clusters of single, pink and white flowers
in summer-fall. Hll-1.

B. Illumination Series. Double and
semidouble Pendula begonia. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
brightly veined, mid- to dark green leaves.
Bears prolific, double flowers, 3in (7.5cm)
across, in red, pink, orange and yellow
shades and white including bicolors.

Z13-15 Hll-1. "Illumination Salmon
Pink' (illus. p.317) is pale salmon-pink.
Hll-1.

B. imperialis. Rhizomatous begonia.

H 5in (13cm), S 9in (23cm). Ovate, toothed,
light green leaves, 4in (10cm) long, have
puckered edges and silver-green splashes
on the main veins. Has sprays of sparse
white flowers, to V 2 in (1.5cm) wide, in
winter. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Ingramii', illus. p.317. Evergreen,
shrublike begonia. H 28in (70cm), S 18in
(45cm). Produces elliptic, toothed, bright
green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and,
intermittently from spring to fall, masses of
single, pink flowers on spreading branches.
Hll-1.

B. "Iron Cross'. See B. masoniana.

B. "Krefeld'. Evergreen, winter-flowering,
Rieger begonia. H lOin (25cm), S 12in
(30cm). Is semi-tuberous with succulent
stems, oval, mid-green leaves and masses
of single, vivid orange or bright crimson
flowers. Is very susceptible to botrytis and
mildew at base of stems, so water by pot
immersion. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Lucerna', syn. B. "Corallina de
Lucerna'. Vigorous, evergreen, cane¬
stemmed begonia. H 6—7ft (2-2.2m),

S l72-2ft (45-60cm). Has oval, silver-
spotted, bronze-green leaves, 10-14in
(25-35cm) long, with tapered tips and, year-
round, large panicles of single, deep pink
flowers; male flowers remain almost closed.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. "Mac's Gold'. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H and S 8-1 Oin
(20-25cm). Star-shaped, lobed, yellow
leaves, 3-6in (8-15cm) long, have
chocolate-brown marks. Has single, pink
flowers intermittently in spring-summer
but in moderate quantity. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Madame Richard Galle'. Upright
Tuberhybrida begonia. H lOin (25cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has masses of small, double, soft
apricot flowers in summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.
B. manicata. Evergreen, erect,
rhizomatous begonia. H 24in (60cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Bears large, oval,
brown-mottled, green leaves and, below
each leaf base, a collar of stiff, red hairs
around leaf stalk. Produces single, pale
pink flowers in very early spring.

Propagate by plantlets during growing
season. Z13-15 Hll-1. "Crispa', syn. B.
manicata 'Cristata' has deeper pink flowers
and light green leaves with crested
margins. "Cristata'. See B. manicata
'Crispa'.

B. martiana. See B. gracilis var. martiana.
B. masoniana, syn. B. 'Iron Cross' (Iron
cross begonia), illus. p.317. Evergreen,
creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears oval,
toothed, rough, bright green leaves, 6in
(15cm) long, with tapering tips and cross¬
shaped, black or dark brown centers. Has
single, pink-flushed, white flowers in
summer. Hll-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BEGONIA

B. mazae. Evergreen, trailing,
rhizomatous begonia. H to 9in (23cm),

S indefinite. Bears rounded, red-veined,
bronze-green leaves and, in early spring,
fragrant, single, red-spotted, pink flowers.

Is good for a hanging basket. Z13-15 HI 1-1.
B. 'Merry Christmas', syn. B. 'Ruhrtal',
illus. p.317. Rex-cultorum begonia. H and
S 10-12in (25-30cm). Has satiny, red leaves,
6-8in (15-20cm) long, each with an outer,
broad band of emerald-green and a deep
velvet-red center, sometimes edged with
gray. HI 1-1.

B. metallica (Metal-leaf begonia).
Evergreen, shrublike begonia. H 20in-4ft
(50cm-1.2m), S 18in (45cm). Bears white-
haired stems and oval, toothed, silver-
haired, bronze-green leaves, 7in (18cm)
long, with dark green veins, red beneath.
Has single, pink flowers, with red bristles,
in summer-fall. Z13-15 HI 1-1.

B. 'Oliver Twist'. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H 18-24in (45-60cm),
S 10-18in (25-45cm). Oval, pale to mid¬
green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long, have
heavily crested edges. Bears single, pink
flowers in early spring. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. olsoniae. Evergreen, compact, shrub¬
like begonia. H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 12in
(30cm). Rounded, satiny, bronze-green
leaves have cream veins. Bears single, very
pale pink flowers, year-round, on arching
stems, 12in (30cm) long. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Orange Rubra', illus. p.317. Slow-
growing, evergreen, cane-stemmed
begonia. H 20in (50cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval
leaves are light green. Produces abundant
clusters of single, orange flowers year-
round. Hll-1.

B. 'Organdy'. Weather-resistant
Semperflorens begonia. H and S 6in (15cm).
Has rounded, waxy, green-bronze leaves
and pink, red or white flowers throughout
summer until fall frosts. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Orpha C. Fox', illus. p.317.

Evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H 3ft
(lm), S 1ft (30cm). Oval, silver-spotted, olive-
green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, are maroon
beneath. Produces large clusters of single,
bright pink flowers year-round. Hll-1.

B. paulensis. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H and S 10-12in
(25-30cm). Erect stems produce rounded,
mid-green leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with
"seersucker" surfaces crisscrossed with
a spider web of veins. Produces single,
cream-white flowers, with wine-colored
hairs, in late spring. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'President Carnot'. Vigorous,
evergreen, cane-stemmed begonia. H to 7ft
(2.2m), S 172ft (45cm). Erect stems bear
llin (28cm) long, "angelwing," green
leaves, with lighter spots. Produces large
panicles of single, pink flowers, 172in (4cm)
across, year-round. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Princess of Hanover'. Rex-cultorum
begonia. H and S 10-12in (25-30cm). Has
spirally twisted, deep green leaves, 8in
(20cm) long, with bands of silver edged
with ruby-red; entire leaf surfaces are
covered with fine, pink hairs. Z13-15
Hll-1.

520

B. prismatocarpa, illus. p.317.

Evergreen, creeping, rhizomatous begonia.
H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).
Leaves are oval, lobed, light green and less
than 3in (8cm) long. Produces single, bright
yellow flowers year-round. Needs 60-65%
relative humidity. Hll-1.

B. pustulata. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Bears oval, fine-haired,
dark green leaves, with small blisters or
pustules, and single, rose-pink flowers in
summer. Prefers 70-75% relative humidity.
Z13-15 Hll-1. 'Argentea', syn. B. 'Silver'
has silver-splashed leaves and creamy-
white flowers.

B. 'Red Ascot'. Semperflorens begonia.

H and S 6in (15cm). Has rounded, emerald-
green leaves and masses of crimson-red
flowers in summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. rex. Rhizomatous begonia, the parent
of the Rex-cultorum begonias. H lOin
(25cm), S 12in (30cm). Has heart-shaped,
deep green leaves, 8-10in (20-25cm) long,
with a metallic sheen, zoned silvery-white
above. Produces pink flowers in winter.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Roy Hartley'. Upright Tuberhybrida
begonia. H 2ft (60cm), S 18in (45cm). In
summer bears double, salmon-colored
flowers, with soft pink tinge. Color depth
depends on light intensity. Has few side
shoots. Z12-15 Hll-1.

B. 'Ruhrtal'. See B. 'Merry Christmas'.

B. scharfBi, syn. B. haageana, illus.
p.317. Evergreen, shrublike begonia.

H 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Stems
are often covered with white hairs. Has
oval, fine-haired, dark metallic-green
leaves, llin (28cm) long, with tapered tips
and reddish-green undersides. Produces
single, pinkish-white flowers, each with a
pink beard, from fall to summer. Hll-1.

B. 'Scherzo'. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H 10-12in (25-30cm),
S 12-14in (30-35cm). Oval leaves are small,
highly serrated and yellow with black
marks. Bears single, white flowers in early
spring. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. serratipetala, illus. p.317.

Evergreen, trailing, shrublike begonia.

H and S 18in (45cm). Obliquely oval
leaves are highly serrated and bronze-
green, with raised, deep pink spots.
Produces mostly female, single, deep
pink flowers intermittently throughout
the year. Prefers 60% relative humidity,
but with fairly dry roots. Hll-1.

B. 'Silver'. See B. pustulata 'Argentea'.

B. 'Silver Helen Teupel'. Rex-cultorum
begonia. H and S 12-14in (30-35cm). Has
long, deeply cut, silver leaves, each with
a glowing pink center, giving a feathered
effect. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. stipulacea. See B. angularis.

B. 'Sugar Candy'. Tuberhybrida begonia.
H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Leaves are
mid-green. Produces double, clear pink
flowers in summer. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. sutherlandii, illus. p.317. Trailing,
tuberous begonia. H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.
Slender stems bear small, lance-shaped,
lobed, bright green leaves, with red veins,
and, in summer, loose clusters of single,
orange flowers in profusion. In late fall,
leaves and stems collapse prior to winter
dormancy. Makes an excellent hanging-
basket plant. Is particularly susceptible
to mildew. Hll-1.

B. taliensis, illus. p.278.

B. 'Thurstonii'. Evergreen, shrublike
begonia. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 172ft (45cm). Has
rounded to oval, smooth, glossy, bronze-
green leaves, with dark red veins, and, in
summer, bears single, pink flowers. Z13-15
Hll-1.

B. 'Tiger Paws', illus. p.317. Evergreen,
creeping, rhizomatous begonia. H 6in
(15cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm). Small,
rounded, bright green leaves, with yellow
and brown splashes, have bristly, white
hairs on margins. Many clusters of small,
white flowers are borne well above foliage
in spring. Hll-1.

B. x tuberhybrida Mocha Series.

Bushy, dark-leaved, Tuberhybrida begonia.
H and S 12in (30cm). Has green-veined,
chocolate-brown leaves and, held tightly
above the foliage, double flowers, 3-4in
(7.5-10cm) across, in about 6 varied,
individual colors. Z13-15 Hll-1. 'Mocha
Scarlet' (illus. p.317) is deep red with very
dark leaves. Hll-1.

B. x tuberhybrida Non Stop Series.

Bushy Tuberhybrida begonia. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has double flowers, 3-4in (7.5-
10cm) across, in about 12 varied individual
colors and mixtures held close to heart-
shaped, mid-green leaves. Z13-15 Hll-1.
'Non Stop White' (illus. p.317) has
creamy-centered, white flowers opening
from pink buds. Hll-1.

B. versicolor. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H 6in (15cm),

S 6-12in (15-30cm). Produces broadly oval
or oblong, velvety leaves, 3in (8cm) long, in
shades of mahogany, apple-green and
maroon, and, in spring-summer, single,
salmon-pink flowers. Provide 65-70%
relative humidity. Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. x weltoniensis. See B. 'Weltoniensis'.
B. 'Weltoniensis', syn. B. x weltoniensis
(Mapleleaf begonia). Semi-tuberous
begonia with a shrublike habit. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, oval,
long-pointed, toothed, dark green leaves.
Heads of 5-8 single, pink or white flowers
are produced from leaf axils in summer.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. xanthina. Evergreen, bushy, creeping,
rhizomatous begonia. H 10-12in (25-30cm),
S 12-14in (30-35cm). Bears oval, dark green
leaves, 6-9in (15-23cm) long, with yellow
veins, purple and hairy beneath. Pendent,
single, orange-yellow flowers are borne in
summer. Provide 75% relative humidity.
Z13-15 Hll-1.

B. zebrina. See B. angularis.

BELAMCANDA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their iris-like flowers. Requires sun and
well-drained, rich soil. Propagate by seed
in spring.

B. chinensis , syn. Iris domestica
(Blackberry lily). Summer-flowering bulb.

H l72-3ft (45cm-lm), S 6-10in (15-25cm).
Produces a fan of sword-shaped, semierect
leaves. A loosely branched stem bears a
succession of flattish, orange-red flowers,
l72-2in (4-5cm) across, with darker
blotches. Seeds are shiny and
black. Z5-9 H9-5.

BELLEVALIA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar
to Muscari, but with longer, more tubular
flowers. Some species have ornamental
value, but most are uninteresting
horticulturally. Needs an open, sunny
position and well-drained soil that dries

out in summer. Propagate by seed,
preferably in fall.

B. hyacinthoides, syn. Strangweja
spicata, illus. p.419.

B. paradoxa. See B. pycnantha.

B. pycnantha, syn. B. paradoxa, Muscari
pycnantha. Spring-flowering bulb. H to
16in (40cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal, grayish-green
leaves. Tubular, deep dusky-blue flowers,
74in (0.5cm) long and with yellow tips, are
produced in a dense, conical spike. Z7-9
H9-7.

B. romana, illus. p.399.

BELLIS

Daisy

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some grown as
biennials for spring bedding. Grow in
sun or semi-shade and in fertile, very
well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly.
Propagate by seed in early summer or
by division after flowering.

B. perennis (Common daisy).
Stoloniferous, carpeting perennial.

Cultivars are grown as biennials. H and
S 6-8in (15-20cm). All have inversely lance¬
shaped to spoon-shaped, mid-green leaves
and semidouble to fully double flower
heads in spring. Large-flowered
(flower heads to 3in (8cm) wide) and
miniature-flowered (flower heads to
lin (272cm) wide) cultivars are available.
Habanera Series cultivars bear long-
petaled, pink, white or red flower heads,
to 272in (6cm) across, in early summer.
Pomponette Series cultivars bear
double, pink, white or red flower heads,
to ll_2in (4cm) across, with quilled petals.
Roggli Series cultivars flower early and
prolifically, with semidouble, red, rose-
pink, salmon-pink or white flower heads,
to ITdn (3cm) across. Tasso Series
cultivars have double, pink, white or red
flower heads, to 272in (6cm) across, with
quilled petals.

Beloperone guttata. See Justicia
brandegeeana.

BERBERIDOPSIS

FLACOURTIACEAE/BERBERIDOPSIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. Dislikes strong
winds and strong sun and is best grown
in a north- or west-facing site. Needs moist
but well-drained, preferably lime-free soil.
Cut out dead growth in spring; train to
required shape. Propagate by seed in
spring or by stem cuttings or layering
in late summer or fall.

B. corallina, illus. p.202.

BERBERIS

Barberry

BERBERIDACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen, spiny shrubs, grown mainly
for their rounded to cup-shaped flowers,
with usually yellow sepals and petals, and
for their fruits. The evergreens are also
cultivated for their leaves, the deciduous
shrubs for their colorful fall foliage.
Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
waterlogged soil. Propagate species by
seed in fall, deciduous hybrids and cultivars

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BESCHORNERIA

by softwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer, evergreen hybrids and cultivars
by semiripe cuttings in summer. B.
thunbergii has escaped cultivation in
northeastern North America. (D All parts
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested;
contact with the spines may irritate skin.

B. aggregata. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oblong to oval, mid¬
green leaves redden in fall. Dense clusters
of pale yellow flowers, borne in late spring
or early summer, are followed by egg-
shaped, white-bloomed, red fruits. Z6-9
H9-6.

B. buxifolia. Semievergreen or
deciduous, arching shrub. H 8ft (2.5m),

S 10ft (3m). Has oblong to oval, spine-
tipped, leathery, dark green leaves. Deep
orange-yellow flowers, borne from early
to mid-spring, are followed by spherical,
black fruits with a white bloom. Z6-9 H9-6.
B. calliantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 3—5ft (1-1.5m). Has oblong, sharply
spiny, glossy, green leaves, white beneath,
and large, pale yellow flowers in late
spring, followed by egg-shaped, black
fruits with a white bloom. Z7-9 H9-7.

B. candidula (Paleleaf barberry).
Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Leaves are narrowly oblong,
glossy, dark green, white beneath. Has
bright yellow flowers in late spring, then
egg-shaped, blue-purple fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.
B. x carminea. 'Pirate King' is a
deciduous, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft
(3m). Has oblong, dark green leaves. In late
spring and early summer produces clusters
of yellow flowers, followed by spherical,
pale red fruits. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Rarbarossa',
illus. p.141.

B. 'Chenault'. See B. 'Chenaultii'.

B. 'Chenaultii', syn. B. 'Chenault'.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged,
glossy, dark green leaves set off golden-
yellow flowers in late spring and early
summer. Bears egg-shaped, blue-black
fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

B. coxii. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Produces narrowly
oval, glossy, dark green leaves with white
undersides and, in late spring, yellow
flowers. Egg-shaped, blue-black fruits
have a gray-blue bloom. Z6-9 H9-6.

B. darwinii (Darwin's barberry), illus.
p.lll.

B. empetrifolia, illus. p.148.

B. gagnepainii var. lanceifolia,

illus. p.127.

B. jamesiana. Vigorous, deciduous,
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Yellow
flowers in late spring are followed by
pendent racemes of spherical, red berries.
Oval, dark green leaves redden in fall.

Z7-9 H9-7.

B. julianae (Wintergreen barberry).
Dense, bushy, evergreen shrub. H 8ft
(2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has glossy, dark green
leaves, yellow flowers in late spring-early
summer, and egg-shaped, blue-black fruits
in faU. Z6-9 H9-4.

B. linearifolia 'Orange King', illus.
p.127.

B. x lologensis. Vigorous, evergreen,
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has
broadly oblong, glossy, dark green leaves.
Profuse clusters of orange flowers are
borne from mid- to late spring. Z6-9 H9-6.
'Stapehill', illus. p.127.

B. x ottawensis f. purpurea
'Superba', syn. B. x ottawensis
'Purpurea', is a deciduous, arching shrub.
H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces rounded to
oval, deep reddish-purple leaves. Bears
small, red-tinged, yellow flowers in late
spring, then egg-shaped, red fruits in
fall. Z4-8 H8-3. 'Purpurea'. See B. x
ottawensis f. purpurea 'Superba'.

B. 'Park Jewel'. See B. 'Parkjuweel'.

B. 'Parkjuweel', syn. B. 'Park Jewel'.
Semievergreen, bushy, rounded shrub.

H and S 3ft (lm). Leaves are oval, glossy
and bright green; some turn red in fall.
Flowers are of little value. Z6-9 H9-6.

B. polyantha. See B. prattii.

B. prattii , syn. B. polyantha. Deciduous,
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Produces
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Large
clusters of small, yellow flowers in late
summer are followed by a profusion of
long-lasting, egg-shaped, coral-pink fruits.
Z6-9 H9-6.

B. x rubrostilia. See B. 'Rubrostilla'.

B. 'Rubrostilla', syn. B. x rubrostilla,
illus. p.162.

B. sargentiana. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oblong, glossy,
bright green. Yellow flowers produced
in late spring and early summer are
succeeded by egg-shaped, blue-black fruits.
Z5-8 H8-5.

B. x stenophylla , illus. p.127. 'Corallina
Compacta' illus. p.336.

B. thunbergii (Japanese barberry).
Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H 6ft
(2m), S 10ft (3m). Broadly oval, pale to
mid-green leaves turn brilliant orange-
red in fall. Small, red-tinged, pale yellow
flowers are produced in mid-spring,
followed by egg-shaped, bright red
fruits. Z5-8 H8-5. f. atropurpurea, illus.
p.123. 'Atropurpurea Nana',
syn. B. thunbergii 'Crimson Pygmy',

H and S 24in (60cm), bears reddish-purple
foliage. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Aurea', illus. p.160.
'Crimson Pygmy'. See B. thunbergii
'Atropurpurea Nana'. 'Erecta' upright
branches spread with age. 'Golden
Ring' has purple leaves narrowly
margined with golden-yellow, turning
red in fall, and produces red fruit.

Z5-8 H8-5.

'Rose Glow', illus. p.137.

B. valdiviana, illus. p.lll.

B. verruculosa (Warty barberry). Slow-
growing, evergreen, bushy shrub. H and
S 5ft (1.5m). Glossy, dark green leaves have
blue-white undersides. Clusters of small,
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in late
spring and early summer are followed by
blue-black fruits. Z6-9 H9^L
B. wilsoniae. Deciduous or
semievergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oblong, gray-green
leaves turn bright orange-red in fall. In late
spring and early summer produces yellow
flowers, then showy, spherical, coral-red
fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

BERCHEMIA

RHAMNACEAE

Genus of deciduous, twining climbers,
grown for their leaves and fruit. Is useful
for covering walls, fences and tree stumps.
Grow in sun or shade, in any well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring, by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by layering

or root cuttings in winter. May be invasive
in parts of North America.

B. racemosa 'Variegata'. Deciduous,
twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more.
Produces heart-shaped, green leaves,
lV4-3in (3-8cm) long and paler beneath,
that are variegated creamy-white. Small,
bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers in
summer are followed by rounded, green
fruits that turn red, then black. Z6-9
H9-6.

BERGENIA

syn. MEGASEA
Bergenia

SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials with thick,
usually large, rounded to oval or spoon¬
shaped, leathery leaves, with indented
veins, that make ideal groundcover.
Tolerates sun or shade and any well-
drained soil, but leaf color is best on poor
soil and in full sun. Propagate by division
in spring after flowering.

B. 'Abendglut', syn. B. 'Evening Glow'.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 9in
(23cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears rosettes of
oval, crinkled, short-stemmed, maroon
leaves, from which arise racemes of open
cup-shaped, semidouble, deep magenta
flowers in spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

B. 'Ballawley'. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Large,
rounded to oval, flat, deep green leaves
turn red in winter. Racemes of cup-shaped,
bright crimson flowers are borne on red
stems in spring. Shelter from cold winds.
Z6-9 H9-6.

B. beesiana. See B. purpurascens.

B. 'Beethoven', illus. p.256.

B. ciliata, illus. p.256.

B. cordifolia (Heartleaf bergenia).
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Leaves are
rounded, puckered and crinkle-edged.
Produces racemes of open cup-shaped,
light pink flowers in spring. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Purpurea', H and S 20in (50cm). Has
large, rounded, purple-tinged, deep green
leaves. Clusters of bell-shaped, rose-pink
flowers are borne on red stems from late
winter to early spring.

B. crassifolia (Winter-blooming
bergenia). Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has
oval- or spoon-shaped, fleshy, flat leaves
that turn mahogany in winter. Bears spikes
of open cup-shaped, lavender-pink flowers
in spring. Z3-8 H8-1.

B. 'Eric Smith'. Evergreen, groundcover
perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or
more. Has large, rounded, rather upright,
leathery, mid-green leaves, which in winter
are reddish tinted. Rich pink flowers are
borne on sturdy stalks in spring. Z4-8
H8-1.

B. 'Evening Glow'. See B. 'Abendglut'.

B. 'Morgenrote', syn. B. 'Morning
Red'. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Leaves are rounded, crinkled and deep
green. Spikes of open cup-shaped,
deep carmine flowers in spring are
often followed by a second crop in
summer. Z4-9 H9-2.

B. 'Morning Red'. See B. 'Morgenrote'.

B. purpurascens, syn. B. beesiana, illus.

p.280.

B. x schmidtii. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm).
Oval, flat leaves have toothed margins.
Sprays of open cup-shaped, soft pink
flowers are borne in early spring on short
stems. Z4-8 H8-1.

B. 'Silberlicht', syn. B. 'Silver Light',
illus. p.255.

B. 'Silver Light'. See B. 'Silberlicht'.

B. stracheyi. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
Small, rounded, flat leaves form neat
rosettes, among which nestle heads of
open cup-shaped, white or pink flowers
in spring. Z4-8 H8-1.

B. 'Sunningdale'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Rounded, slightly crinkled, deep
green leaves are mahogany beneath.
Bears racemes of open cup-shaped, lilac-
carmine flowers on red stalks in spring.
Z3-8H8-1.

BERKHEYA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Where marginally hardy, grow most
species against a south- or west-facing
wall. Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Sow seed in fall or divide in spring.

B. macrocephala, illus. p.243.

B. purpurea, illus. p.269.

BERTOLONIA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
for their foliage. Requires a fairly shaded
position and high humidity, although soil
should not be waterlogged. Propagate by
tip or leaf cuttings in spring or summer.

B. marmorata. Evergreen, rosette¬
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more
in flower, S 18in (45cm). Broadly oval,
slightly fleshy leaves have heart-shaped
bases, silvery midribs and puckered
surfaces, and are reddish-purple below,
velvety green above. Intermittently
produces spikes of saucer-shaped,
pinkish-purple flowers. Z14-15 HU-10.

BERZELIA

BRUNIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, heather-like, summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
Requires full sun and well-drained, neutral
to acidic soil. Water container plants
moderately, less when not in full growth.
Plants may be cut back lightly after
flowering. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

B. lanuginosa. Evergreen, erect shrub
with soft-haired, young shoots. H and S
to 3ft (lm). Has small, heather-like leaves.
Compact, spherical heads of tiny, creamy-
white flowers are borne in dense, terminal
clusters in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

BESCHORNERIA

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of perennial succulents with narrowly
lance-shaped leaves forming erect, almost
stemless, basal rosettes. Needs full sun and
very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring or summer.

B. yuccoides, illus. p.490.

521

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BESSERA

BESSERA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their brightly colored flowers. Needs
an open, sunny situation and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring. May be
invasive in parts of North America.

B. elegans (Coral drops). Summer¬
flowering bulb. H to 24in (60cm), S 3-4in
(8-10cm). Has long, narrow, erect, basal
leaves. Each leafless stem bears pendent,
bell-shaped, bright red flowers on long,
slender stalks. Z13-15 Hll-10.

Betonica officinalis. See Stachys
officinalis.

BETULA

Birch

BETULACEAE

B

522

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their bark and fall color. Needs
sun and moist but well-drained soil; some
species prefer acidic soil. Transplant young
trees in fall. Propagate by grafting in late
winter or by softwood cuttings in early
summer.

B. albosinensis (White Chinese birch),
illus. p.78. Deciduous, open-branched tree.
H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has oval to
lance-shaped, serrated, pale green leaves.
Peeling bark is honey-colored or reddish-
maroon with a gray bloom. Z5-8 H8-5.

B. alleghaniensis, syn. B. lutea (Yellow
birch). Deciduous, upright, open tree, often
multi-stemmed. H 40ft (12m) or more, S 10ft
(3m). Smooth, glossy, golden-brown bark
peels in thin shreds. Oval, mid- to pale
green leaves rapidly turn gold in fall. Bears
yellow-green catkins in spring. Z4-7 H7-1.
B. ermanii (Erman birch), illus. p.78.
Deciduous, open-branched tree. H 70ft
(20m), S 40ft (12m). Oval, glossy, green
leaves turn yellow in fall. Has peeling,
pinkish-white bark, distinctively marked
with large lenticels. Z5-8 H8-5.

B. jacquemontii. See B. utilis var.
jacquemontii.

B. 'Jermyns'. See B. utilis var.
jacquemontii'Jermyns'.

B. lenta , illus. p.79.

B. lutea. See B. alleghaniensis.

B. maximowicziana (Monarch birch).
Fast-growing, deciduous, broad-headed
tree with orange-brown or pink bark.

H 60ft (18m), S 10ft (3m). Has racemes of
yellowish catkins in spring. Large, oval,
mid-green leaves turn bright butter-yellow
in fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

B. nana, illus. p.335.

B. nigra (River birch), illus. p.78.
Deciduous, conical then spreading tree
with peeling, pink-orange bark, which
becomes fissured with age. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). Diamond-shaped, glossy, mid¬
green leaves turn golden-orange in fall.
Bears yellow, male catkins in spring. Can
be coppiced to encourage multiple, brightly
colored stems. Grows well in damp soil.
Z4-9 H9-1. Many excellent cultivars are
available, including 'Heritage', which has
larger, glossier leaves.

B. papyrifera , illus. p.67.

B. pendula (Silver birch). Deciduous,
broadly columnar or conical tree. H 80ft
(25m) or more, S 30ft (10m). Has slender,
drooping shoots and silver-white bark that

becomes black and rugged at base of
trunk with age. Yellow-brown catkins
appear in spring. Oval, bright green leaves
turn yellow in fall. Unfortunately very
susceptible to bronze birch borer, which
reduces the lifespan of this species. Z2-7
H7-1. 'Dalecarlica' has a more upright
habit, with pendent, shorter shoots at the
end of the branches, and has much more
deeply cut leaves. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Laciniata'
develops a narrow crown. Z2-7 H7-1.
'Tristis', illus. p.68. 'Youngii', illus. p.88.
B. platyphylla var. szechuanica. See
B. szechuanica.

B. szechuanica , syn. B. platyphylla var.
szechuanica (Szechuan birch). Vigorous,
deciduous, open tree with stiff branches.

H 46ft (14m), S 8ft (2.5m). Bark is chalky-
white when mature. Has triangular to oval,
serrated, leathery, deep green leaves that
turn brilliant gold in fall. Produces yellow-
green catkins in spring. Z5-7 H7-5.

B. utilis (Himalayan birch). Deciduous,
upright, open tree. H 60ft (18m), S 30ft
(10m). Paper-thin, peeling bark varies from
creamy-white to dark copper-brown.
Yellow-brown catkins are borne in spring.
Oval, mid-green leaves, hairy beneath
when young, turn golden-yellow in fall.
Z5-7 H7-5. var .jacquemontii, syn. B.
jacquemontii has bright white bark and
oval, serrated, mid-green leaves that turn
clear yellow in fall. var. jacquemontii
'Grayswood Ghost', illus. p.78. has
bright, white bark, slightly pendent
branchlets and dark green leaves, var.
jacquemontii 'Jermyns', syn. B.
'Jermyns' (illus. p.78), H 50ft (15m), S 30ft
(10m), produces bright white bark and
very long, elegant, yellow, male catkins.

BIARUM

ARACEAE

Genus of mainly fall-flowering, tuberous
perennials with tiny flowers carried on a
pencil-shaped spadix, enclosed within
a tubular spathe. Upper part of spathe
is hooded or flattened out and showy.

In winter protect in a cold frame or
greenhouse. Needs a sunny position and
well-drained soil. Dry out tubers when
dormant in summer. Propagate in fall by
seed or offsets.

B. eximium. Early fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H and S 3-4in (8-10cm). Lance¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves follow
stemless, tubular, velvety, blackish-maroon
spathe, up to 6in (15cm) long and often
lying flat on ground. Upper part is flattened
out. Spadix is upright and black. Z7-9
H9-7.

B. tenuifolium. Late summer- or fall¬
flowering tuberous perennial. H to 8in
(20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Produces
clusters of acrid, narrow, erect, basal
leaves after which stemless, upright and
often twisted, blackish-purple spathes
appear. Z7-9 H9-7.

BIDENS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their large, yellow flowers and finely
dissected leaves. A few perennials,
usually treated as annuals, are grown as
creeping hanging basket and container
plants. Grow in full sun and reasonably

fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or divide
perennials in spring.

B. atrosanguinea. See Cosmos
atrosanguineus.

B. 'Gold Star', illus. p.319.

BIGNONIA

Cross vine

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, tendril
climber. In colder areas may lose its leaves
in winter. Requires sun and fertile soil to
flower well. If necessary, prune in spring.
Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or
fall or by layering in winter.

B. capensis. See Tecoma capensis.

B. capreolata, syn. Doxantha capreolata
(Cross vine. Trumpet flower). Evergreen,
tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Each
leaf has 2 narrowly oblong leaflets and
a branched tendril. In summer, funnel-
shaped, reddish-orange flowers are borne
in clusters in leaf axils. Pea-pod-shaped
fruits, to 6in (15cm) long, are produced
in fall. Z6-9 H9-5.

B. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora.

B. jasminoides. See Pandorea
jasminoides.

B. pandorana. See Pandorea pandorana.
B. radicans. See Campsis radicans.

B. stans. See Tecoma stans.

B. unguis-cati. See Macfadyena unguis-
cati.

Bilderdykia. See Fallopia.

BILLARDIERA

PITTOSPORACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown mainly for their
fruits. Grow in any well-drained soil, in
a sheltered position and partial shade.
Propagate by seed in spring or stem
cuttings in summer or fall.

B. longiflora , illus. p.210.

BILLBERGIA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their flowers and
foliage. Requires semi-shade and well-
drained soil, ideally adding sphagnum
moss or plastic chips used for orchid
culture. Water moderately when in full
growth, sparingly at other times. Propagate
by division or offsets after flowering or
in late spring.

B. nutans (Queen's tears). Evergreen,
clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial.
H and S to 16in (40cm). Strap-shaped leaves
are usually dark green. In spring, pendent
clusters of tubular, purple-blue-edged,
lime-green flowers emerge from pink
bracts. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

B. rhodocyanea. See Aechmea fasciata.

B. x windii (Angel's tears). Evergreen,
clump-forming, tubular-rosetted perennial.
H and S to 16in (40cm). Is similar to
B. nutans , but produces broader, spreading,
gray-green leaves and larger bracts.
Flowers intermittently from spring to fall.
Z9-15 H12-10.

Biota orientalis. See Platycladus
orientalis.

BLECHNUM

Hard fern

BLECHNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
ferns. Most species prefer semi-shade.
Requires moist, neutral to acidic soil.
Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate
B. penna-marina by division in spring,
other species by spores in late summer.

B. alpinum. See B. penna-marina.

B. chilense, syn. B. tabulare, illus. p.292.

B. penna-marina , syn. B. alpinum , illus.
p.290.

B. spicant (Hard fern). Evergreen fern.

H 12-30in (30-75cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm).
Bears narrowly lance-shaped, indented,
leathery, spreading, dark green fronds.
Prefers shade and peaty or leafy soil.

Z10-11 Hll-10.

B. tabulare. See B. chilense.

BLETILLA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

B. hyacinthina. See B. striata.

B. striata , syn. B. hyacinthina (Chinese
ground orchid), illus. p.466. Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H to 24in (60cm). In late
spring or early summer produces magenta
or white flowers, lV-tin (3cm) long, and
broadly lance-shaped leaves, 20in (50cm)
long. Needs shade in summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

BLOOMERIA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of onion-like, spring-flowering
bulbs, with spherical flower heads on
leafless stems, which die down in summer.
Requires a sheltered, sunny situation and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or by division in late summer or fall.

B. crocea. Late spring-flowering bulb.

H to 12in (30cm), S to 4in (10cm). Long,
narrow, semierect, basal leaves die at
flowering time. Each leafless stem bears
a loose, spherical head, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, of star-shaped, dark-striped, yellow
flowers. Z8-9 H9-8.

Bocconia cordata. See Macleaya
cordata.

BOENNINGHAUSENIA

RUTACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous
subshrub, usually with soft, herbaceous
stems, grown for its foliage and flowers.
Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained but
not too dry soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

B. albiflora. Deciduous, bushy subshrub.
H and S 3ft (lm). Has pungent, mid-green
leaves, divided into oval leaflets. Bears
loose panicles of small, cup-shaped, white
flowers from mid-summer to early fall.
Z6-10 H10-6.

BOLAX

UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, hummock- and
cushion-forming perennials, often included
in Azorella. Is grown for its symmetrical
rosettes of small, thick, tough leaves.
Flowers only rarely in cultivation. Is

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

suitable for gritty screes, troughs and
alpine houses. Needs sun and rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by rooting rosettes
in summer.

B. gummifer, illus. p.376.

BOMAREA

ALSTROEMERIACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous or evergreen,
tuberous-rooted, scrambling and twining
climbers, grown for tubular or bell-shaped
flowers. Needs full light and well-drained
soil. Water regularly in growth, sparingly
when dormant. Provide support. Some
species grow well out of doors planted
beneath shrubs through which they can
climb; mulch to protect tubers before
winter. Cut out old flowering stems at
ground level when leaves yellow. Propagate
by seed or division in early spring.

B. andimarcana, syn. B. pubigera.
Deciduous, scrambling climber with
straight, slender stems. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m).

Has lance-shaped leaves, white and hairy
beneath. Bears nodding, tubular, green-
tipped, pale yellow flowers, suffused pink,
from early summer to fall. Z9-10 H10-9.

B. caldasii. See B. multiflora.

B. edulis, illus. p.201.

B. hirsuta. Herbaceous, twining climber.

H 3—6ft (l-2m). Has narrowly ovate, mid¬
green leaves, softly hairy beneath. Bears
tight clusters of pendent, bell-shaped,
reddish-orange flowers, with yellow-
orange interiors, from mid-summer to
fall. Z9-11 H12-9.

B. kalbreyeri of gardens. See B.
multiflora.

B. multiflora, syn. B. caldasii,

B. kalbreyeri of gardens, illus. p.207.

B. pubigera of gardens. See B.
andimarcana.

B. sals ilia. Herbaceous, twining climber.

H 3—5ft (1-1.5m). Ovate leaves are grayish-
green. Produces open clusters of pendent,
bell-shaped, green-tipped, cerise flowers
in summer. Z9-11 H12-9.

BORAGO

Borage

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for culinary use as well as for their
flowers. Requires sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. For culinary use gather
only young leaves. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in spring. Some species
will self-seed prolifically and may become
invasive.

B. officinalis (Borage), illus. p.315.

BORONIA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown mainly
for their flowers. Requires full light and
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container specimens moderately, less when
they are not in full growth. For a compact
habit, shorten long stems after flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in late summer. Red spider mite
may be a problem.

B. megastigma, illus. p.456.

Borzicactus. See Cleistocactus.

BOUGAINVILLEA

Bougainvillea

NYCTAG1NACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climbers, grown for
their showy, floral bracts. Grow in fertile,
well-drained soil in full light. Water
moderately in the growing season; keep
container plants almost dry when dormant.
Tie to a support. Cut back previous
season's lateral growths in spring, leaving
3 /4-lV4in (2-3cm) long spurs. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by
hardwood cuttings when dormant.

Whitefly and mealy bug may attack.

B. x buttiana. Vigorous, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber.

H 25-40ft (8-12m). Has ovate, mid-green
leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, lighter below.
Bears large clusters of strongly waved,
golden-yellow, purple or red floral bracts
from summer to fall. Z13-15 HI 1-1. 'Enid
Lancaster', syn. B. x buttiana 'California
Gold', B. x buttiana 'Golden Glow' floral
bracts are orange-yellow. Z13-15 HI 1-1.
'Miss Manila', syn. B. 'Miss Manila', B.
'Tango' has pink floral bracts. 'Mrs. Butt',
syn. B. x buttiana 'Crimson Lake' has
crimson-magenta floral bracts; 'Scarlet
Queen' are scarlet.

B. x buttiana 'California Gold'. See B. x

buttiana 'Enid Lancaster'.

B. x buttiana 'Crimson Lake'. See B. x

buttiana 'Mrs. Butt'.

B. x buttiana 'Golden Glow'. See B. x

buttiana 'Enid Lancaster'.

B. 'Dania'. Vigorous, mainly evergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber.

H 15ft (to 5m). Has rounded-oval, mid¬
green leaves and bears clusters of deep
pink floral bracts in summer. Z12-15
HI 1-1.

B. glabra, illus. p.462. 'Sanderiana',

illus. p.462. 'Snow White', illus. p.460.

B. 'Miss Manila'. See B. x buttiana 'Miss
Manila'.

B. spectabilis. Strong-growing, mainly
evergreen, woody-stemmed, scrambling
climber; stems usually have a few spines.

H to 22ft (7m). Has elliptic to oval leaves
and, in summer, large trusses of red-purple
floral bracts. Z9-11 Hll-1.

B. 'Tango'. See B. x buttiana 'Miss Manila'.

Boussingaultia baselloides of

gardens. See Anredera cordifolia.

BOUTELOUA

Grama grass
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

B. gracilis, syn. B. oligostachya (Blue
grama. Mosquito grass). Semievergreen,
tuft-forming, narrow-leaved, perennial
grass. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm). In
summer bears comblike flower spikes,
lVan (4cm) long, held at right-angles to
stems. Z5-9 H9-5.

B. oligostachya. See B. gracilis.

BOUVARDIA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown
for their flowers. Prefers full light and

fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Cut back stems by half to three-
quarters after flowering. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in spring or by
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly and mealy bug may
be troublesome.

B. humboldtii. See B. longiflora.

B. longiflora, syn. B. humboldtii.
Semievergreen, spreading shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm) or more. Has lance-shaped
leaves, and terminal clusters of fragrant,
white flowers, with slender tubes and
4 petal lobes, from summer to early winter.
Z13-15 Hll-10.

B. ternifolia, syn. B. triphylla (Scarlet
trompetilla), illus. p.456.

B. triphylla. See B. ternifolia.

BOWIEA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, bulbous
succulents with scrambling, branched,
green stems that produce no proper leaves.
Needs sun and well-drained soil; plant with
half of bulb above soil level. Support with
sticks or canes. Propagate by seed, sown
under glass in winter or spring. May
produce offsets.

B. volubilis. Bulbous summer-flowering
succulent. H 3-6ft (l-2m), S 172-2ft
(45-60cm). Has climbing, much-branched,
slender stems and no proper leaves.
Produces small, star-shaped, green flowers
at tips of stems. Provide support. Z14-15
Hll-10.

BOYKIN IA

SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of mound-forming perennials.

Most species require shade and rich,
moist but well-drained, acidic soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall.

B. aconitifolia. Mound-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 6in (15cm).

Has rounded to kidney-shaped, lobed
leaves. In summer, flower stems carry
very small, bell-shaped, white flowers.
Z5-9 H9-5.

B. jamesii. Mound-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 6in (15cm). Each woody
stem bears a rosette of kidney-shaped
leaves with lacerated edges. In early
summer bears open bell-shaped, frilled,
pink flowers with green centers. Z5-9
H9-6.

Brachychilum horsheldii. See

Hedychium horsfieldii.

BRACHYCHITON

STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly
spring- and summer-flowering trees,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Needs full light and rich,
well-drained, preferably acidic soil. Water
container plants moderately, much less
in winter. Prune if needed. Propagate by
seed in spring at min. 75°F (24°C). Red
spider mite may be a nuisance.

B. acerifolius, syn. Sterculia acerifolia
(Illawarra flame tree), illus. p.450.

B. populneus, syn. Sterculia diversifolia
(Kurrajong). Evergreen, conical tree.

BRACHYSCOME

pyramidal when young. H and S 50-70ft
(15-20m). Pointed or 3-5 lobed, glossy,
deep green leaves are chartreuse when
young. In spring-summer has panicles of
saucer-shaped, cream or greenish-white
flowers with red, purple or yellow throats.
Z9-11 Hll-10.

BRACHYGLOTTIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAir

B

BRACHYSCOME

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their daisylike flower heads and very
variable, often finely divided foliage.

Requires sun, a sheltered position and
rich, well-drained soil. Pinch out growing
shoots of young plants to encourage a
bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in spring or outdoors in
late spring.

B. iberidifolia (Swan River daisy).

Moderately fast-growing, thin-stemmed,
bushy annual. H and S to 18in (45cm).

Has deeply cut leaves and small, fragrant,
daisylike flowers, usually blue but also
pink, mauve, purple or white, in summer
and early fall. Hll-1.

B. 'Strawberry Mousse', illus. p.300.

Bracteantha bracteata. See

Xerochrysum bracteatum.

Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis. See Opuntia 523
brasiliensis.

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their bold foliage and daisylike
flower heads. Needs full light or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely in summer,
moderately at other times. Take semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

B. compacta, syn. Senecio compactus.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 6ft (2m). Feltlike, white hairs cover the
shoots. Bears small, oval, white-edged,
dark green leaves, white below, and
daisylike, bright yellow flowers in clustered
heads from mid- to late summer. Z9-10
H10-9.

B. Dunedin Group, syn. Senecio Dunedin
Hybrids, Senecio greyi, Senecio laxifolius,
illus. p.161.

B. laxifolia, syn. Senecio laxifolius.
Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 6ft (2m). Oval, gray-white leaves
become dark green. Has large clusters
of daisylike, golden-yellow flower heads
in summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

B. monroi, syn. Senecio monroi, illus.

p.161.

B. repanda (Pukapuka, Rangiora).
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree, upright
when young. H 10ft (3m), S 10ft (3m) or
more. Has robust, downy, white stems
and veined leaves that are white beneath.
Produces fragrant, white flower heads
in summer. Z12-15 Hll-10.

B. rotundifolia, syn. Senecio reinholdii,
Senecio rotundifolius. Evergreen, rounded,
dense shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Has
rounded, leathery, glossy leaves, dark
green above, white-felted below, and tiny,
yellow flower heads from early to mid¬
summer. Withstands salt winds in mild
coastal areas. Z9-10 H10-9.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BRASILIORCHIS

BRASILIORCHIS

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

B. picta, syn. Maxillaria picta. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 9in (23cm). Fragrant, deep yellow to
white flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, marked
purple to dark reddish-brown outside, are
produced singly beneath foliage in winter.
Has narrowly oval leaves, 6-9in (15-23cm)
long. Requires partial shade in summer.
Z14-15 H12-6.

B. porphyrostele, syn. Maxillaria
porphyrostele, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 3in (8cm). White- and red-lipped, yellow
flowers. Van (1cm) across, are borne singly
in summer-fall. Narrowly oval leaves are
3in (8cm) long. Needs good light in
summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

Brassaia. See Schefflera.

BRASSAVOLA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

B. nodosa (Lady-of-the-night), illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
Narrow-petaled, pale green flowers, 2in
(5cm) across and each with a white lip, are
produced, 1-3 to a stem, in spring; they are
fragrant at night. Leaves, 3-4in (8-10cm)
long, are thick and cylindrical. Is best
grown on a bark slab. Provide good light
in summer. Hll-10.

BRASSICA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and evergreen biennials
and perennials. Most are edible vegetables,
e.g. cabbages and kales, but forms of
B. oleracea are grown for ornamental
foliage. Grow in sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Lime-rich soil is preferable,
though not essential. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in spring or under glass in
early spring. Is susceptible to club root.

B. Northern Lights Series, illus. p.306.
B. oleracea forms (Ornamental cabbage).
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
rounded biennial, grown as an annual.

H and S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has heads
of large, often crinkled leaves, in
combinations of red/green, white/pink,
pink/green. Do not allow to flower. Z7-11
H6-1.

x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx.

See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Mount
Adams gx.

x Brassolaeliocattleya Hetherington
Horace gx 'Coronation'. See

x Rhyncholaeliocattleya Hetherington
Horace gx 'Coronation'.

x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx.

See x Rhyncholaeliocattleya St. Helier gx.

Bravoa geminiflora. See Polianthes
geminiflora.

BREYN IA

EUPHORBIACEAE/PHYLLANTHACEAE

524

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage. Requires full light
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained

soil. Water container plants freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.
Large bushes should be cut back hard after
flowering. Propagate by greenwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly,
red spider mite and mealy bug may be
troublesome.

B. disticha, syn. B. nivosa, Phyllanthus
nivosus (Snow bush). Evergreen, well-
branched shrub with slender stems.

H 3ft (lm) or more, S 24-39in (60-100cm).
Ovate, dark green leaves have white
marbling. Tiny, greenish flowers, borne
intermittently, have no petals. Z14-15
Hll-10. 'Roseopicta', H and S to 3ft
(lm), has green leaves variably
bordered and splashed with white
and flushed pink.

B. nivosa. See B. disticha.

Bridgesia. See Ercilla.

BRIGGSIA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their rosettes of hairy leaves. Needs shade
and peaty soil with plenty of moisture in
summer and good air circulation in winter.
Protect against damp in winter. Propagate
by seed in spring.

B. muscicola. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S 9in (23cm).
Leaves are oval, silver-haired and pale
green. Arching flower stems bear loose
clusters of tubular, pale yellow flowers,
with protruding tips, in early summer. Is
best grown in an alpine house. Z12-15
Hll-10.

BRIMEURA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, similar
to miniature bluebells, cultivated for their
flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and
shrub borders. Requires partial shade
and prefers rich, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or by division
in late summer.

B. amethystina, syn. Hyacinthus
amethystinus, illus. p.419.

Brittonastrum mexicanum. See

Agastache mexicana.

BRIZA

Quaking grass

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

B. maxima (Greater quaking grass).
Robust, tuft-forming, annual grass. H to
20in (50cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Mid-green
leaves are mainly basal. Produces loose
panicles of up to 10 pendent, purplish-
green spikelets, in early summer, that dry
particularly well for winter decoration.
Self-seeds readily. HI 1-1.

B. media (Common quaking grass).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, rhizomatous,
perennial grass. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Mid-green leaves are
mainly basal. In summer produces open
panicles of up to 30 pendent, purplish-
brown spikelets that dry well for winter
decoration. Z4-11 HI 1-1.

BRODIAEA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs
with colorful flowers produced in loose
heads on leafless stems. Needs a sheltered,
sunny situation and light, well-drained soil.
Dies down in summer. Propagate in fall by
seed or in late summer and fall by freely
produced offsets.

B. capitata. See Dichelostemma
pulchellum.

B. congesta. See Dichelostemma
congestum.

B. coronaria , syn. B. grandiflora (Harvest
brodiaea). Late spring- to early summer¬
flowering bulb. H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 3-4in
(8-10cm). Long, narrow, semierect, basal
leaves die down by flowering time. Leafless
stems each carry a loose head of erect,
funnel-shaped, violet-blue flowers on long,
slender stalks. Z8-10 H10-8.

B. grandiflora. See B. coronaria.

B. hyacinthina. See Triteleia hyacinthina.
B. ida-maia. See Dichelostemma ida-maia.
B. ixioides. See Triteleia ixioides.

B. lactea. See Triteleia hyacinthina.

B. laxa. See Triteleia laxa. 'Queen
Fabiola'. See Triteleia laxa 'Koningin
Fabiola'.

B. lutea. See Triteleia ixioides.

B. peduncularis. See Triteleia
peduncularis.

B. pulchella. See Dichelostemma
pulchellum.

BROMELIA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their overall
appearance. Needs full light and well-
drained soil. Water moderately in summer,
sparingly at other times. Propagate by
suckers in spring.

B. balansae, illus. p.470.

BROMUS

Brome

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

B. ramosus (Hairy brome grass).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.

H to 6ft (2m), S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves
are lax and hairy. Produces long, arching
panicles of nodding, gray-green spikelets
in summer. Prefers shade. H12-1.

BROUSSONETIA

MORACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and unusual
flowers. Male and female flowers are
produced on different plants. Requires
full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

B. papyrifera, illus. p.74.

BROWALLIA

Amethyst flower

SOLANACEAE

Genus of shrubby perennials, usually
grown as annuals, with showy, open
trumpet-shaped flowers. Grows best in

sun or partial shade and in fertile, well-
drained soil that should not dry out
completely. Feed when flowering if
container-grown and pinch out young
shoots to encourage bushiness.
Propagate by seed in spring; for winter
flowers, sow in late summer.

B. americana, syn. B. elata. Moderately
fast-growing, bushy perennial, usually
grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
(15cm). Produces oval, mid-green leaves
and, in summer, trumpet-shaped, blue
flowers, lVan (4cm) wide. Z10-11 H8-1.
B. elata. See B. americana.

B. speciosa , illus. p.472.

BROWNINGIA

syn. AZUREOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, eventually treelike,
perennial cacti. Spiny, silvery- or green-
blue stems, with up to 20 or more ribs,
are crowned by stiff, erect, green-blue
branches. Requires full sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

B. hertlingiana , syn. Azureocereus
hertlingianus, illus. p.488.

Bruckenthalia spiculifolia. See Erica
spiculifolia.

BRUGMANSIA

Angels' trumpets

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
shrubs, trees and annuals, grown for
their flowers borne mainly in summer-
fall. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely in full growth, moderately at other
times. May be pruned hard in early
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
early summer or later. Whitefly and red
spider mite may be troublesome. ® All
parts are highly toxic if ingested.

B. arborea, syn. B. versicolor (Common
angels' trumpet). Evergreen or
semievergreen, rounded, robust shrub.

H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears narrowly oval
leaves, 8in (20cm) or more long. Produces
strongly fragrant, pendent, trumpet¬
shaped, white flowers, 6-8in (16-20cm)
long with a spathe-like calyx, in summer-
fall. Zll Hll-10.

B. aurea. Evergreen, rounded shrub or
tree. H and S 20-35ft (6-llm). Has oval
leaves, 6in (15cm) long. In summer-fall
produces pendent, trumpet-shaped, white
or yellow flowers, 6-10in (15-25cm) long.
Zll Hll-10.

B. x Candida. Semievergreen, rounded
shrub or small tree. H 10-15ft (3-5m),

S 5—8ft (1.5-2.5m). Has oval, downy leaves
and strongly scented, pendulous, white
flowers, sometimes cream or pinkish, in
summer-fall. Zll Hll-10. 'Grand
Marnier', syn. B. 'Grand Marnier' illus.
p.319.

B. 'Grand Marnier'. See B. x Candida
'Grand Marnier'.

B. rosei. See B. sanguinea.

B. sanguinea , syn. B. rosei (Red angels'
trumpet). Semievergreen, erect to rounded
shrub or small tree. H 10—15ft (3-5m),

S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Has lobed, young leaves
and large, trumpet-shaped, yellow and

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

orange-red flowers from late summer to
winter. Zll Hll-10.

B. versicolor. See B. arborea.

BRUNFELSIA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Needs semi-shade and rich, well-
drained soil. Water container plants
moderately, much less in low temperatures.
Remove stem tips to promote branching
in growing season. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Mealy bug and
whitefly may be a problem.

B. calycina. See B. pauciflora.

B. eximia. See B. pauciflora.

B. pauciflora , syn. B. calycina , B. eximia
(Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow).
Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft
(60cm) or more. Bears oblong to lance¬
shaped, leathery, glossy leaves. Blue-purple
flowers, each with a tubular base and 5
overlapping, wavy-edged petals, are
produced from winter to summer. Z12-15
Hll-10. 'Macrantha', illus. p.457.

BRUNNERA

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials.
Prefers light shade and moist soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall
or by seed in fall.

B. macrophylla (Siberian bugloss).
Clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm). Delicate sprays of small,
star-shaped, forget-me-not-like, bright
blue flowers in early spring are followed
by heart-shaped, rough, long-stalked
leaves. Makes good groundcover. Z3-7
H7-1. ‘'Dawson's White' has delicate
sprays of small, bright blue flowers in
spring. Shelter from wind to prevent
leaf damage. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Jack Frost'
illus. p.261.

x Brunsdonna parkeri. See x Amarygia
parkeri.

BRUNSVIGIA

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of fall-flowering bulbs with heads
of showy flowers. Requires sun and well-
drained soil. Water in fall to encourage
bulbs into growth and continue watering
until summer, when the leaves will die
away; dormant bulbs should be kept fairly
dry and warm. Propagate by seed sown
in fall or by offsets in late summer.

B. josephinae (Josephine's lily). Fall¬
flowering bulb. H to 18in (45cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm). Bears a sturdy,
leafless stem with a spherical head of
20-30 funnel-shaped, red flowers,

3-3V2in (7-9cm) long, with recurved
petal tips. Semierect, oblong leaves are
produced after flowering. Z12-15 H12-10.

Bryophyllum. See Kalanchoe.

BUDDLEJA

Butterfly bush

BUDDLEJACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAlT

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their clusters of small, often fragrant
flowers. Requires full sun and fertile.

well-drained soil. B. crispa , B. davidii, B.
fallowiana, B. 'Lochinch' and B. x
weyeriana should be cut back hard in
spring. Prune B. alternifolia by removing
shoots that have flowered. Other species
may be cut back lightly after flowering.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

B. agathosma. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Large,
triangular-shaped, feltlike, silvery-green
leaves have wavy margins. Fragrant,
tubular, lilac flowers, with orange
centers, are borne in late spring.

Z5-7 H7-4.

B. alternifolia (Fountain butterfly bush),
illus. p.114. Deciduous, arching shrub
that can be trained as a weeping tree.

H and S 12ft (4m). Has slender, pendent
shoots and narrow, gray-green leaves.
Neat clusters of fragrant, lilac-purple
flowers are borne in early summer.

Z6-9 H10-1.

B. asiatica. Evergreen, arching shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Long plumes of very
fragrant, tubular, white flowers appear
amid long, narrow, dark green leaves in
late winter and early spring. Grow
against a south- or west-facing wall.

Z8-9 H9-8.

B. colvilei. Deciduous, arching shrub,
often treelike with age. H and S 20ft (6m).
Has lance-shaped, dark green foliage
among which large, tubular, white-
throated, deep pink to purplish-red
flowers are borne in drooping racemes in
early summer. Z8-9 H9-8. 'Kewensis'
(illus. p.114), H and S 15ft (5m), has white-
throated, deep red flowers. Z8-9 H9-8.

B. crispa, illus. p.204.

B. davidii (Butterfly bush). Variable, fast¬
growing, deciduous shrub. H 10-16ft
(3-5m), S to 16ft (5m). Long, arching
branches bear lance-shaped, pointed,
mid- to gray-green leaves, to lOin (25cm)
long. Bears dense, semi-pendent panicles,
to 8in (20cm) or more, of small, very
fragrant, tubular, lilac to purple or white
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Is
tolerant of dry conditions. Z6-9 H9-1.
'Black Knight' (illus. p.114) has dark
green leaves with white-felted undersides
and dark violet-purple flowers.
'Dartmoor' (illus. p.114) has deeply cut
leaf margins and produces large,
branched panicles of deep rich lilac-
purple flowers. 'Empire Blue' has rich
violet-blue flowers. 'Harlequin' has red-
purple flowers. 'Peace' bears long
plumes of white flowers. 'Pink Delight'
(illus. p.114) has panicles, 12in (30cm)
long, of orange-eyed, bright pink flowers.
'Pink Pearl' produces pale lilac-pink
flowers. 'Boyal Red' has rich purple-red
flowers. 'White Profusion' (illus. p.114)
bears masses of snow-white flowers,
each with a yellow eye. Z6-9 H9-1.

B. fallowiana. Deciduous, arching
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Shoots and
lance-shaped leaves, when young, are
covered with white hairs; foliage then
becomes dark gray-green. Has fragrant,
tubular, lavender-purple flowers in late
summer and early fall. Is often damaged
in very severe winters; grow against a
wall in cold areas. Z6-9 H9-6. var. alba
has white flowers.

B. globosa, illus. p.116.

B. 'Lochinch', illus. p.114. Deciduous,

arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Long
plumes of fragrant, tubular, lilac-blue
flowers are borne above lance-shaped,
gray-green leaves in late summer and
fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

B. madagascariensis, syn. Nicodemia
madagascariensis. Evergreen, arching
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Has
narrowly lance-shaped, dark green
leaves, white beneath, and, in late
winter and spring, long clusters of
tubular, orange-yellow flowers. Grow
against a south- or west-facing wall.
Z12-15 HI 1-1.

B. salviifolia (South African sage wood),
illus. p.114. Semievergreen, arching shrub.
H 13ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Has sage-like,
lance-shaped, wrinkled, blue-green leaves,
covered in fine hairs. Fragrant, tubular,
white to pale lilac flowers are produced in
early summer. Z8-11 Hll-8.

B. x weyeriana. Deciduous, arching
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves, and loose,
rounded clusters of tubular, orange-
yellow flowers, often tinged purple,
from mid-summer to fall. Z5-9 H9-2.
'Moonlight' (illus. p.114) bears pale
cream flowers with deep orange-yellow
throats. 'Sungold' (illus. p.114) has
dense clusters of dark orange-yellow
flowers.

BULBOCODIUM

LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering corms, related
to Colchicum and with funnel-shaped
flowers. Is particularly suitable for rock
gardens and cool greenhouses. Requires
an open, sunny site and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or by division in
late summer and early fall.

B. vernum, illus. p.418.

BULBOPHYLLUM

ORCHI DACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

B. careyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.

H 3in (8cm). Oval leaves are 3-4in (8-10cm)
long. In spring produces tight sprays of
many slightly fragrant, brown flowers.

Van (0.5cm) across. Grows best in a
hanging basket. Needs partial shade
in summer. Z13-15 Hll-10.

BUPHTHALMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Requires full sun; grows well in any but
rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
fall or by division in fall. Needs frequent
division to curb invasiveness.

B. salicifolium , illus. p.276.

B. speciosum. See Telekia speciosa.

BUPLEURUM

UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Grows
well in coastal gardens. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

B. fruticosum, illus. p.139.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

BUXUS

BUTIA

Yatay palm

ARECACEAE/PALMAE

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
their overall appearance. Grow in
fertile, well-drained soil and in full light
or partial shade. Water regularly, less
in winter. Red spider mite may be a
problem.

B. capitata, syn. Cocos capitata (Jelly
palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm.

H 12-20ft (4-6m), S 10-15ft (3-5m).
Feather-shaped leaves, 6ft (2m) or more
long and composed of many leathery
leaflets, are strongly arching to recurved.
Zll Hll-10.

BUTOMUS

BUTOMACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous,
perennial, rushlike, marginal water plant,
grown for its fragrant, cup-shaped flowers.
Requires an open, sunny situation in up to
lOin (25cm) depth of water. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in spring or
late summer.

B. umhellatus , illus. p.438.

BUXUS

Boxwood , box

BUXACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and habit. Is
excellent for edging, hedging and
topiary work. Flowers are insignificant.
Requires sun or semi-shade and any but
waterlogged soil. Trim hedges in summer.
Promote new growth by cutting back
stems to 12in (30cm) or less in late spring.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer. ® Contact with boxwood sap
may irritate skin.

B. balearica (Balearic boxwood), illus.
p.145.

B. microphylla (Small-leaved boxwood).
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). Forms a dense, rounded
mass of small, oblong, dark green
leaves. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Green Pillow',
illus. p.167.

B. sempervirens (Common boxwood).
Evergreen, bushy shrub or tree. H and
S 15ft (5m). Produces leaves that are
oblong, glossy and dark green. Is useful
for hedging and screening. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Handsworthensis', illus. p.144.
'SufFruticosa', illus. p.167.

B. wallichiana (Himalayan boxwood).
Slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub
with open habit. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
long, narrow, glossy, bright green leaves.
Z9-10 H10-8.

B

525

CABOMBA

CABOMBA

CABOMBACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
perennial, submerged water plants with
finely divided foliage. Is suitable for
aquariums. Prefers partial shade. Propagate
by stem cuttings in spring or summer.

C. caroliniana (Fanwort, Fish grass,
Washington grass). Deciduous or
semievergreen, perennial, submerged
water plant. S indefinite. Forms dense,
spreading hummocks of fan-shaped,
coarsely cut, bright green leaves. Is used
as an oxygenating plant in aquariums or
ponds. Z6-11 HI 1-6.

Cacalia. See Emilia.

CAESALPINIA

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs,
trees and scrambling climbers, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Needs full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall or spring.

C. gilliesii, syn. Poinciana gilliesii, illus.

p.116.

C. pulcherrima, syn. Poinciana
pulcherrima (Barbados pride). Evergreen,
erect to spreading shrub or tree. H and S 10-
20ft (3-6m). Has fernlike leaves composed of
many small, mid-green leaflets. In summer
bears cup-shaped, yellow flowers, lV-dn
(3cm) wide, with very long, red anthers, in
short, dense, erect racemes. Z9-11 Hll-9.

CALADIUM

ARACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with tubers from
which arise long-stalked, ornamental
leaves. Requires partial shade and moist,
rich soil. After leaves have died down,
store tubers in a frost-free, dark place.
Propagate by separating small tubers
when planting in spring. (D Contact with
all parts may irritate skin, and may cause
mild stomach upset if ingested.

C. bicolor (fancy-leaf caladium). Z15
HI 1-4. 'Candidum' is a tufted perennial.

H and S to 36in (90cm). Triangular, green-
veined, white leaves, to 18in (45cm) long,
have arrow-shaped bases and long leaf
stalks. Intermittently bears white spathes;
small flowers clustered on spadix
sometimes produce whitish berries. 'John
Peed' has purple stems and waxy, green
leaves with metallic orange-red centers and
scarlet veins. 'Pink Beauty' illus. p.470.
'Pink Cloud' has large, dark green leaves
with mottled pink centers, and pink to
white areas along the veins.

CALAMAGROSTIS

526

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. brachytricha, illus. p.284.

Calandrinia megarhiza of gardens.
See Claytonia megarhiza.

CALANTHE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

C. sieboldii. See C. striata.

C. striata, syn. C. sieboldii, illus. p.275.

C. vestita, illus. p.466. Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H 24in (60cm). In winter
bears sprays of many white flowers, lVan
(4cm) across, each with a large, red-marked
lip. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft leaves,
12in (30cm) long. In summer requires
partial shade and regular feeding. Hll-10.

CALATHEA

MARANTACEAE

Genus of frost-sensitive evergreen
perennials, grown for their brightly
colored and patterned leaves. Prefers
a shaded, humid position, without
fluctuations of temperature, in rich, well-
drained soil. Water with rain- or filtered
water, sparingly in low temperatures,
but do not allow to dry out completely.
Propagate by division in spring.

C. lindeniana. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Lance¬
shaped, long-stalked, more or less upright
leaves, 1ft (30cm) or more long, are dark
green, with paler green, feathered midribs
above and marked reddish-purple below.
Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of
3-petaled, pale yellow flowers. Z14-15
Hll-10.

C. majestica 'Roseolineata', syn.

C. ornata 'Roseolineata'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, stemless perennial. H to 6ft (2m),

S to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly oval, leathery
leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are dark green,
with close-set, fine, pink stripes along the
lateral veins and reddish-purple below.
Intermittently bears short, erect spikes of
3-petaled, white to mauve flowers. Z14-15
Hll-1. 'Sanderiana'. See C. sanderiana.

C. makoyana, illus. p.475.

C. oppenheimiana. See Ctenanthe
oppenheimiana.

C. ornata 'Roseolineata'. See

C. majestica 'Roseolineata'.

C. sanderiana, syn. C. majestica
'Sanderiana', illus. p.472.

C. zebrina, illus. p.475.

CALCEOLARIA

Pouch flower. Slipper flower
SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen
perennials, subshrubs and scandent
climbers, some of which are grown as
annuals. Most prefer sun but some like a
shady, cool site and moist but well-drained
soil, incorporating sharp sand and
compost, and dislike wet conditions in
winter. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in late spring or summer or by seed in fall.
C. acutifolia. See C. polyrrhiza.

C. Anytime Series. Compact, bushy
annuals or biennials. H 8in (20cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has oval, slightly hairy, mid-green
leaves and, in spring-summer, heads of
rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm)
long, in red and yellow shades, including
bicolors. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. arachnoidea, illus. p.341.

C. 'Bright Bikinis'. Compact, bushy
annual or biennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has
oval, slightly hairy, mid-green leaves, and

heads of small, rounded, pouch-shaped
flowers in shades of yellow, orange or red
in summer. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. darwinii. See C. uniflora var. darwinii.
C. fothergillii. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, short-lived perennial. H and
S 5in (12cm). Has a rosette of rounded,
light green leaves with hairy edges and,
in summer, solitary pouch-shaped, sulfur-
yellow flowers with crimson spots. Is good
for a sheltered rock ledge or trough or in
an alpine house. Needs gritty, rich, acidic
soil. Is prone to aphid attack. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. integrifolia. Evergreen, upright
subshrub, usually grown as an annual.

H to 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer
bears crowded clusters of pouch-shaped,
yellow to red-brown flowers above
oblong to elliptic, mid-green leaves,
sometimes rust-colored beneath. Z8-9
H6-1. 'Sunshine', H and S 8in (20cm), is
compact and bushy with bright golden-
yellow flowers in late spring and summer.
C. 'John limes', illus. p.277.

C. 'Monarch'. Group of bushy annuals
or biennials. H and S 12in (30cm). Has oval,
lightly hairy, mid-green leaves and, in
spring-summer, bears heads of large,
rounded, pouch-shaped flowers, 2in (5cm)
long, in a wide range of colors. Z8-9 H6-1.
C. pavonii. Robust, evergreen, scandent
climber. H 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval,
serrated, soft-haired leaves with winged
stalks. Pouch-shaped, yellow flowers with
brown marks are produced in large trusses
from late summer to winter. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. polyrrhiza, syn. C. acutifolia. Evergreen,
prostrate perennial. H lin (2.5cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has rounded, hairy, mid-green
leaves along flower stem, which bears
pouch-shaped, purple-spotted, yellow
flowers in summer. Is good for a shady
rock garden. May also be propagated by
division in fall or spring. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. tenelia, illus. p.371.

C. uniflora var. darwinii, syn.

C. darwinii. Evergreen, clump-forming,
short-lived perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 4in
(10cm). Bears rounded, wrinkled, glossy,
dark green leaves. In late spring, flower
stems carry pendent, pouch-shaped, yellow
flowers with dark brown spots on lower
lips and central, white bands. Is difficult
to grow. Needs a sheltered, sunny site in
moist, gritty, rich acidic soil. Is prone to
attack by aphids. Z8-9 H6-1.

C. 'Walter Shrimpton', illus. p.372.

CALENDULA

Marigold

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs.
Grow in sun or partial shade and in any
well-drained soil. Dead-head regularly to
prolong flowering. Propagate annuals by
seed sown outdoors in spring or fall, shrubs
by stem cuttings in summer. Annuals may
self-seed. Cucumber mosaic virus and
powdery mildew may cause problems.

C. officinalis (English marigold). Fast¬
growing, bushy annual. Tall cultivars,

H and S 24in (60cm); dwarf forms, H and
S 12in (30cm). All have lance-shaped,
strongly aromatic, pale green leaves.
Daisylike, single or double flower heads in
a wide range of yellow and orange shades
are produced from spring to fall. Z8-9
H6-1. 'Daisy May' (dwarf) illus. p.321.

'Fiesta Gitana' Fiesta Gitana Group
(dwarf), syn. C. officinalis 'Fiesta Gitana'
illus. p.325. 'Geisha Girl' (tall) illus. p.326.
Pacific Beauty Series 'Lemon Queen'
(dwarf) illus. p.322. See C. officinalis Fiesta
Gitana Group.

CALIBRACHOA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of shrubby perennials, once
included in Petunia, grown for their showy
flowers. Is good as a hanging basket or
container plant. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in spring.

C. Cabaret Series Cabaret Apricot
('Balcabapt') Mound-forming and
trailing, prolific tender perennial, grown as
an annual. H 5in (13cm), S 18in (45cm). Has
twiggy stems with narrowly ovate, dark
green leaves. Trumpet-shaped flowers,
lV4-lV2in (3-4cm) across, flecked in apricot,
cream and yellow, are borne in summer-
fall. Caberet Light Pink ('Balcablitpi')
illus. p.300.

C. Million Bells Series Million Bells
Cherry Pink ('Sunbelrichipi'),

illus. p.306.

CALLA

ARACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous or
semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
marginal water plant, grown for its
foliage and showy spathes that surround
insignificant flower clusters. Requires a
sunny position, in mud or in shallow
water to lOin (25cm) deep. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in late
summer. 0 Contact with the foliage
may aggravate skin allergies.

C. palustris, illus. p.434.

CALLIANDRA

LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
scandent semi-climbers, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Requires
full sun or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when in
full growth, much less when temperatures
are low. To restrict growth, cut back stems
by one-half to two-thirds after flowering.
Propagate by seed sown indoors in spring.
Whiteflies and mealy bug may be
troublesome.

C. eriophylla, illus. p.453.

C. haematocephala (Red powder puff) is
an evergreen, spreading shrub. H 10-20ft
(3-6m), S 6—12ft (2-4m). Leaves have 16-24
leaflets. Flower heads comprising many
white-stamened florets appear from late fall
to spring, illus. p.454. Z12-15 Hll-10.

CALLIANTHEMUM

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
daisylike flowers and thick, dissected
leaves. Is excellent for rock gardens
and alpine houses. Needs sun and moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
when fresh.

C. coriandrifolium, syn. C. rutifolium.
Prostrate perennial with upright flower
stems. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves,

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

forming open rosettes, are long-stalked,
very dissected and blue-green. In spring
has short-stemmed, many-petaled,
white flowers with yellow centers. Is
susceptible to slugs. Z4-7 H7-1.

C. rutifolium. See C. coriandrifolium.

CALLICARPA

Beautyberry

VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their small but striking,
clustered fruits. Does best in full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

C. bodinieri (Bodinier beautyberry).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft
(2.5m). Has oval, dark green leaves. Tiny,
star-shaped, lilac flowers in mid-summer
are followed by dense clusters of spherical,
violet fruits. Z5-8 H8-3. var. giraldii illus.
p.141.

CALLISIA

COMM ELI NACEAE

Genus of evergreen, prostrate perennials,
grown for their ornamental foliage and
trailing habit. Grow in full light, but out of
direct sunlight, in fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by tip cuttings in spring, either
annually or when plants become straggly.
C. navicularis, syn. Tradescantia
navicularis. Evergreen, low-growing
perennial with creeping, rooting shoots.

H 2-3in (5-8cm), S indefinite. Has 2 rows
of oval, keeled leaves, lin (2.5cm) long,
sheathing the stem, and stalkless clusters
of small, 3-petaled, pinkish-purple flowers
in leaf axils in summer-fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. repens. Evergreen, creeping
perennial with rooting stems. H 4in
(10cm), S indefinite. Has densely packed
leaves, sometimes white-banded and
often purplish beneath. Rarely, has
inconspicuous, white flowers in winter.
Z14-15 Hll-10.

CALLISTEMON

Bottlebrush

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, usually
with narrow, pointed leaves, grown for
their clustered flowers, which, with their
profusion of long stamens, resemble
bottlebrushes. Where marginally hardy,
grow against a south- or west-facing wall
or in a cool greenhouse. Requires full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall or spring.

C. citrinus 'Splendens', illus. p.203.

C. pallidus , illus. p.139.

C. paludosus. See C. sieberi.

C. pityoides. Evergreen, compact, upright
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Fully hardy.

Is densely covered with sharply pointed
dark green leaves, and has short spikes of
yellow flowers in mid- and late summer.
Z12-15 Hll-10.

C. rigidus, illus. p.137.

C. sieberi, syn. C. paludosus. Evergreen,
bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Has short, narrowly lance-shaped, rigid,
mid-green leaves and, from mid- to late
summer, small clusters of pale yellow
flowers. Z10-11 Hll-10.

C. speciosus (Albany bottlebrush).
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Produces long, narrow, gray-green leaves.
Cylindrical clusters of bright red flowers
are produced in late spring and early
summer. Z10-11 Hll-10.

C. subulatus, illus. p.203.

C. viminalis (Weeping bottlebrush).
Evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Narrowly oblong, bronze, young
leaves mature to dark green. Bears clusters
of bright red flowers in summer. Z9-11
Hll-10.

CALLISTEPHUS

China aster

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of one species of annual. Requires
sun, a sheltered position and fertile, well-
drained soil. Tall cultivars need support; all
should be dead-headed. Propagate by seed
sown in a cold frame in spring; seed may
also be sown outdoors in mid-spring. Wilt
disease, viruses, root rot and aphids may
be a problem.

C. chinensis. Moderately fast-growing,
erect, bushy annual. Tall cultivars, H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm); intermediate, H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H 10-12in
(25-30cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm); very dwarf,
H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). All have oval,
toothed, mid-green leaves and flower in
summer and early fall. Different forms are
available in a wide color range, including
pink, red, blue and white. H9-1. Duchesse
Series (tall) has incurved, chrysanthemum¬
like flower heads. Milady Super Series
(dwarf) has incurved, fully double flower
heads available either in mixed or single
colors, illus. p.304, p.312. Ostrich Plume
Series (tail) illus. p.303. Pompon Series
(tail) has small, double flower heads.
Princess Series (tail) has double flower
heads with quilled petals.

CALLUNA

ERICACEAE ~

See also HEATHERS.

C. vulgaris. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Slightly
fleshy, linear leaves, in opposite and
overlapping pairs, may range in color from
bright green to many shades of gray,
yellow, orange and red. Spikes of bell- to
urn-shaped, single or double flowers are
produced from mid-summer to late fall.
Unlike Erica, most of the flower color
derives from the sepals. The following
cultivars are H 18in (45cm), have mid-green
leaves and bear single flowers in late
summer and early fall, unless otherwise
stated. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Alba Plena', H 12-18in
(30-45cm), bears double, white flowers.
'Alexandra', H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm),
has an upright habit, dark green foliage,
and deep crimson buds until early winter.
'Alicia', H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has
white buds until early winter, and a neat,
compact habit. 'Allegro', H 24in (60cm),
is compact in habit and produces purple-
red flowers. 'Alportii', H 24-36in (60—
90cm), has purple-red flowers. 'Anette',

H 14in (35cm), S 16in (40cm), has clear
pink buds until early winter. 'Annemarie'
(illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm),
has double, rose-pink flowers, ideal for
cutting. 'Anthony Davis' has gray leaves

and white flowers. 'Beoley Gold' (illus.
p.166), S 20in (50cm), has golden foliage
and white flowers. 'Beoley Silver',

H 16in (40cm), has silver foliage and
white flowers. 'Blazeaway', H 14in
(35cm), S 24in (60cm), has gold foliage
in summer that turns orange, then fiery
red in winter. 'Bonfire Brilliance',

H 12in (30cm), has bright, flame-colored
foliage and mauve-pink flowers.
'Boskoop', H 12in (30cm), is compact
with golden foliage that turns deep orange
in winter and lilac-pink flowers. 'County
Wicklow', H 12in (30cm), S 14in (35cm),
is compact with double, shell-pink flowers.
'Dark Beauty', H 8in (20cm), S 14in
(35cm), is neat and compact, and bears
bright, semidouble, crimson flowers.
'Darkness', H 16in (40cm), S 14in (35cm),
is compact with crimson flowers. 'Dark
Star' (illus. p.166), H 8in (20cm), S 14in
(35cm), has short racemes of semidouble,
deep crimson flowers. 'Elsie Purnell' is
a spreading cultivar with grayish-green
leaves and double, pale pink flowers.
'Finale' bears dark pink flowers from late
fall to early winter. 'Firefly', H 20in (50cm),
with deep mauve flowers, has foliage that
is terra-cotta in summer, brick-red in
winter. 'Foxii Nana', H 6in (15cm), forms
low mounds of bright green foliage and
produces a few mauve-pink flowers. 'Fred
J. Chappie' has bright pink- and coral-
tipped foliage in spring; mauve-pink
flowers are borne on long stems. 'Golden
Feather' has bright yellow foliage, turning
orange in winter, and mauve-pink flowers.
'Gold Haze' has bright golden foliage and
white flowers. 'Hammondii Aureifolia',

H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm), has white
flowers. Foliage is light green, tipped
yellow in spring and early summer. 'H.E.
Beale', H 20in (50cm), is one of the best
double-flowered heathers, with pale pink
flowers on long stems. 'J.H. Hamilton',

H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm), is compact with
double, salmon-pink flowers. 'Joy
Vanstone' has golden foliage, turning to
orange and bronze, and mauve-pink
flowers. 'Kerstin', H 12in (30cm),
produces mauve flowers and has downy,
deep lilac-gray foliage in winter, tipped
pale yellow and red in spring.
'Kinlochruel', H 12in (30cm), S 14in
(35cm), bears an abundance of large,
double, white flowers. 'Loch Turret',

H 12in (30cm), has emerald-green foliage
and produces white flowers in early
summer. 'Mair's Variety', an old cultivar,
has white flowers on long spikes.
'Marleen' is unusual in that its long-
lasting, dark mauve flower buds, borne
from early to late fall, do not open fully.
'Mullion', H lOin (25cm), S 20in (50cm), is
a spreading cultivar with rich mauve-pink
flowers. 'Multicolor', H 8in (20cm 8in), is
compact with foliage in shades of yellow,
orange, red and green year-round; flowers
are mauve-pink. 'My Dream', syn. C.
vulgaris 'Snowball', H 20in (50cm),
produces double, white flowers that are
borne on long, tapering stems. 'Peter
Sparkes' (illus. p.166), H 20in (50cm),

S 22in (55cm), bears double, deep pink
flowers. 'Robert Chapman' is a
spreading cultivar and grown mainly for its
foliage, which is golden-yellow in summer,
turning orange and brilliant red in winter;
flowers are mauve-pink. 'Ruth Sparkes',

CALOCHORTUS

H lOin (25cm), has golden foliage and white
flowers. 'Silver Knight', H 12in (30cm), is
of upright habit with gray leaves and
mauve-pink flowers. 'Silver Queen',

H 16in (40cm), S 22in (55cm), is a spreading
cultivar with dark mauve-pink flowers. 'Sir
John Charrington' has bright-colored
foliage, varying from golden-yellow in
summer to orange and red in winter, and
dark mauve-pink flowers. 'Sister Anne',

H 6in (15cm), has gray leaves and pale
mauve-pink flowers. 'Snowball'. See
C. vulgaris 'My Dream'. 'Spring Cream'
has bright green leaves, which have cream
tips in spring, and white flowers. 'Spring
Torch', H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm), has
mauve flowers with cream, orange and red
tips in spring. 'Sunset', H lOin (25cm), has
brightly colored foliage, changing from
golden-yellow in spring to orange in
summer and fiery red in winter; flowers are
mauve-pink. 'Tib' (illus. p.166), H 12in
(30cm), S 16in (40cm), is the earliest
flowering double cultivar, producing small,
double, deep pink flowers in early summer.
'White Lawn', H 4in (10cm), is a creeping
cultivar with bright green foliage and white
flowers on long stems; is suitable for a rock
garden. 'Wickwar Flame' (illus. p.166) is
primarily a foliage plant with leaves in
shades of yellow, orange and flame that are
particularly effective in winter; flowers are
mauve-pink.

CALOCEDRUS

CUPRESSACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

C. decurrens, syn. Libocedrus decurrens,

illus. p.101. Q

Caiocephaius brownii. See

Leucophyta brownii.

CALOCHONE

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light
and rich, well-drained soil. Water regularly,
less in cold weather. Needs tying to a
support. Thin out stems after flowering.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
C. redingii. Moderately vigorous,
evergreen, scrambling climber. H 10-15ft
(3-5m). Has oval, pointed, hairy leaves,
3-5in (7-12cm) long. Trusses of primrose¬
shaped, red to orange-pink flowers are
produced in winter. Z14-15 Hll-10.

CALOCHORTUS

Cat's ears. Fairy lanterns, Mariposa
lilies

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their spring and
summer flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny
site and well-drained soil. In cold, damp
climates, cover or lift spring-flowering
species when dormant, or grow in cold
frames or cool greenhouses. After flowering,
remove bulbils for propagation. Propagate
by seed or bulbils: spring-flowering species
in fall, summer-flowering species in spring.

C. albus (Fairy lantern). Spring-flowering
bulb. H 8-20in (20-50cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm).

Has long, narrow, erect, gray-green leaves
near the base of the loosely branched stem.

Each branch bears a pendent, globose, 527
white or pink flower. Z6-10 H10-6.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CALODENDRUM

C. barbatus, syn. Cyclobothra lutea, illus.
p.412.

C. luteus, illus. p.406.

C. monophyllus. Summer-flowering bulb.
H 3-8in (8-20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has an erect,
branched stem with 1-3 slender leaves and
1 long, narrow basal leaf. Bears cup¬
shaped, deep yellow flowers, often with a
reddish mark on the claws. Petals are
fringed and densely bearded. Z7-10 H9-6.
C. splendens. Late spring-flowering bulb.
H 8-24in (20-60cm), S 2^1in (5-10cm). Bears
1 or 2 linear, erect leaves near base of
branched stem and 1-4 upward-facing,
saucer-shaped, pale purple flowers, 2-3in
(5-7cm) across, with a darker blotch at the
base of each of the 3 large petals. Z8-10
H9-6.

C. superbus, illus. p.409.

C. venustus, illus. p.399.

C. vestae. Late spring-flowering bulb.

H 8-24in (20-60cm), S 2^1in (5-10cm). Is
similar to C. splendens, but flowers are
white or purple, with a rust-brown mark
near the base of each of the 3 large petals.
Z5-10 H10-5.

C. weedii. Summer-flowering bulb.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 2^in (5-10cm). Has
a linear, erect leaf near base of stem.
Produces usually 2 upright, saucer-shaped,
orange-yellow flowers, l72-2in (4-5cm)
across, with brown lines and flecks and
hairy inside. Z7-10 H9-6.

CALODENDRUM

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
flowers, which are produced mainly in
spring-summer. Needs full light and fertile,
moist but well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely when in full
growth, less at other times. Tolerates some
pruning. Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. capense (Cape chestnut). Fairly fast¬
growing, evergreen, rounded tree. H and
S to 50ft (15m) or more. Has oval leaves
patterned with translucent dots. Terminal
panicles of 5-petaled, light pink to deep
mauve flowers are produced from spring
to early summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

CALOMERIA

syn. HUMEA

COMPOS1TAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs.
Only C. amaranthoides is cultivated, usually
as a biennial. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown in a
cold frame in mid-summer.

C. amaranthoides, syn. C. elegans
(Incense plant). Erect, branching biennial.

H to 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (90cm). Has lance¬
shaped leaves and heads of tiny, pink,
brownish-red or crimson flowers, with a
strong fragrance of incense, in summer-
fall. Z12-15 Hll-10.

C. elegans. See C. amaranthoides.

Calonyction aculeatum. See Ipomoea
alba.

CALOSCORDUM

LI LIACEAE/ALLIACEAE

528

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
bulb, related and similar to Allium. Is
suitable for rock gardens. Needs an open.

sunny situation and well-drained soil. Lies
dormant in winter. Propagate in early
spring by seed or division before growth
starts.

C. neriniflorum, syn. Nothoscordum
neriniflorum. Clump-forming bulb.

H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Threadlike, semierect, basal leaves die
down at flowering time. Each leafless
stem produces a loose head of 10-20
small, funnel-shaped, pinkish-red
flowers in late summer. Z5-10 H10-5.

CALOTHAMNUS

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Thrives in a dryish, airy
environment. Requires full sun and well-
drained, sandy soil. Water container plants
moderately when in full growth, less at
other times. Propagate by seed or semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. quadrifidus (Common net bush).
Erect to spreading, evergreen shrub.

H 6—12ft (2-4m), S 6-15ft (2-5m). Has
linear, grayish to dark green or gray
leaves. Irregular, axillary, one-sided
spikes of rich red, feathery flowers, lin
(2.5cm) long, are produced from late
spring to fall, often forming clusters,

8in (20cm) or more across, around the
stems. Z12-15 Hll-10.

CALTHA

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, bog plants and rock garden
plants, grown for their flowers. Most prefer
an open, sunny position. Smaller-growing
species are suitable for rock gardens,
troughs and alpine houses and require
moist but well-drained soil; larger species
are best in marginal conditions. Propagate
species by seed in fall or by division in fall
or early spring, selected forms by division
in fall or early spring.

C. leptosepala , illus. p.435.

C. palustris , illus. p.444. var. alba, syn.

C. palustris 'Alba' is a compact, deciduous,
perennial, marginal water plant. H 9in
(22cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, glossy,
dark green leaves, and bears solitary, white
flowers, with yellow stamens, in early
spring, often before the foliage develops.
'Alba'. See C. palustris var. alba. 'Flore
Pleno'. See C. palustris 'Plena'. 'Plena',
syn. C. palustris 'Flore Pleno', illus. p.444.

CALYCANTHUS

CALYCANTHACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their purplish- or
brownish-red flowers with strap-shaped
petals. Requires sun or light shade and
fertile, deep, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

C. floridus (Allspice, Sweetshrub).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
Has oval, aromatic, dark green leaves and,
from early to mid-summer, fragrant,
brown-red flowers with masses of
spreading petals. Z5-9 H9-1.

C. occidentalis, illus. p.137.

CALYPSO

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

C. bulbosa. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.
H 2-8in (5-20cm). Cormlike stem produces
a single, oval, pleated leaf, 174-4in (3-10cm)
long. Purplish-pink flowers, Vs-Vfin (1.5-
2cm) long, with hairy, purple-blotched,
white or pale pink lips, are produced singly
in late spring or early summer. Requires a
damp, partially shaded position with a
mulch of leaf mold. Z6-9 H9-6.

CAM ASS IA

Camass

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, suitable
for borders and pond margins. Requires
sun or partial shade and deep, moist soil.
Plant bulbs in fall, 4in (10cm) deep. Lies
dormant in fall-winter. Propagate by seed
in fall or by division in late summer. If seed
is not required, cut off stems after
flowering.

C. esculenta. See C. quamash.

C. leichtlinii, illus. p.383. 'Semiplena' is

a tuft-forming, summer-flowering bulb.

H 3—5ft (1-1.5m), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has
long, narrow, erect, basal leaves. Each
leafless stem bears a dense spike of
narrow-petaled, double, creamy-white
flowers, 172-3in (4-8cm) across.

C. quamash, syn. C. esculenta, illus. p.411.

CAMELLIA

THEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and foliage.

Flowers are classified according to the
following types: single, semidouble,
anemone-form, peony-form, rose-form,
formal double and irregular double. See
feature panel pp.124-5 for illustrations and
descriptions. Grows well against walls and
in containers. Most forms prefer a
sheltered position and semi-shade. Well-
drained, neutral to acidic soil is essential.
Prune to shape after flowering. Propagate
by semiripe or hardwood cuttings from
mid-summer to early winter or by grafting
in late winter or early spring. Aphids,
thrips and scale insects may cause
problems under glass.

C. 'Black Lace', illus. p.121. Slow-
growing, dense, upright shrub. H 5—8ft
(1.5-2.5m), S 3—8ft (1-2.5m). Has ovate, dark
green leaves, 3in (8cm) long, and large,
formal double, deep velvet-red flowers
from early to late spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. chrysantha. See C. nitidissima.

C. 'Cornish Snow', illus. p.120. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, upright, bushy shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped
leaves, bronze when young, maturing to
dark green. In early spring bears a
profusion of small, cup-shaped, single,
white flowers. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. cuspidata. Evergreen, upright shrub
becoming bushy with age. H 10ft (3m), S 5ft
(1.5m). Has small, lance-shaped leaves,
bronze when young, maturing to purplish-
green. Small, cup-shaped, single, pure
white flowers are freely produced from leaf
axils in early spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Dr. Clifford Parks'. Evergreen,
spreading shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).

In mid-spring has large, flame-red flowers,
often semidouble, peony- and anemone-
form on the same plant. Leaves are large,
oval and dark green. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Francie L.'. Vigorous shrub with long,
fan-shaped branches. H 15ft (5m), S 20ft
(6m). Leaves are lance-shaped and dark
green, 27a-4in (6-10cm) long. Has large,
semidouble, salmon-red to deep rose-red
flowers from late winter to late spring.

Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Freedom Bell', illus. p.121.

Evergreen, dense, rounded shrub. H and
S 7ft (2.2m). Has masses of semidouble,
bright red flowers, from late winter to early
spring, and ovate, glossy, rich green leaves.
Z7-8 H8-7.

C. granthamiana. Evergreen, open
shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval,
leathery leaves are crinkly and glossy, deep
green. In late fall bears large, saucer¬
shaped, single, white flowers, to 7in (18cm)
across, with up to 8 broad petals. Z7-8
H8-7.

C. hiemalis. Evergreen, upright, bushy
shrub. H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has
small, lance-shaped leaves and fragrant,
single, cup-shaped, semi- or irregular
double, white, pink or red flowers borne in
late fall and winter. Is good for hedging.
Z7-8 H8-7.

C. hongkongensis. Evergreen, bushy
shrub or tree. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
Lance-shaped leaves, 4in (10cm) long, are
dark red when young, maturing to dark
green. Bears cup-shaped, single, deep
crimson flowers, velvety beneath, in late
spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Innovation'. Evergreen, open,
spreading shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).
Has large, oval, leathery leaves and, in
spring, produces large, peony-form,
lavender-shaded, wine-red flowers with
twisted petals. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Inspiration', illus. p.121. Evergreen,
upright shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).

Leaves are oval and leathery. Saucer¬
shaped, semidouble, phlox-pink flowers are
freely produced in spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. japonica (Japanese camellia).

Evergreen shrub or small tree that is very
variable in habit, foliage and floral form.

H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Numerous
cultivars are available; they are spring¬
flowering unless otherwise stated. Z7-8
H8-7. 'Adolphe Audusson' (illus. p.121)
is a very reliable, old cultivar that is suitable
for all areas and will withstand lower
temperatures than most other variants.
Produces large, saucer-shaped, semidouble,
dark red flowers with prominent, yellow
stamens. Leaves are broadly lance-shaped
and dark green. 'Alba Plena' (illus. p.120)
has an erect habit with elliptic, mid-green
leaves and large, formal double, white
flowers. 'Alba Simplex' is bushy in habit
with broadly lance-shaped, mid-to yellow-
green leaves and cup-shaped, single, white
flowers in early spring. 'Alexander
Hunter', an upright, compact shrub, has
flattish, single, deep crimson flowers, with
some petaloids, and lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. 'Althaeiflora' has a
vigorous, bushy habit, large, peony-form,
dark red flowers and broadly oval, very
dark green leaves. 'Apollo', syn. C.
japonica 'Paul's Apollo' is a vigorous,
branching shrub that produces semidouble,
red flowers sometimes blotched with white.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Leaves are glossy, dark green. 'Berenice
Boddy' is a vigorous shrub that bears
semidouble, light pink flowers amid lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves. 'Betty
Sheffield Supreme' is upright in habit
with lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Irregular double flowers have white petals
bordered with shades of rose-pink. 'Bob's
Tinsie' (illus. p.121) has a dense, upright
habit, and bears miniature, anemone-form,
brilliant red flowers from early to late
spring. 'Brushfield's Yellow' (illus. p.121)
has an erect, compact habit, elliptic, dark
green leaves and anemone-form, cream
flowers, each with a pale yellow center.
'Coquettii', syn. C. japonica 'Glen 40' is a
slow-growing, erect shrub. In early and
mid-spring bears profuse, medium to large,
deep red flowers, sometimes formal
double, sometimes peony-form. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Donckelaeri'. See C. japonica
'Masayoshi'. 'Elegans' has a spreading
habit and anemone-form, deep rose-pink
flowers with central petaloids often
variegated white. Leaves are broadly lance¬
shaped and dark green. 'Glen 40'. See
C. japonica 'Coquettii'. 'Gloire de Nantes'
is an upright shrub, becoming bushy with
age, that bears flattish to cup-shaped,
semidouble, bright rose-pink flowers over
a long period. Has oval to lance-shaped,
glossy, dark green leaves. 'Guilio Nuccio'
is an upright, free-flowering cultivar that
spreads with age. Produces large, cup¬
shaped, semidouble, rose-red flowers with
wavy petals and often a confused center of
petaloids and golden stamens. Dark green
leaves are lance-shaped and occasionally
have "fishtail" tips. 'Hagoromo', syn.

C. japonica 'Magnoliiflora' (illus. p.120) has
a bushy habit and flattish to cup-shaped,
semidouble, blush-pink flowers. Twisted,
light green leaves point downward. 'Janet
Waterhouse' (illus. p.120) is strong¬
growing and has semidouble, white
flowers with golden anthers borne amid
dark green foliage. 'Julia Drayton' has an
upright habit and large, crimson flowers
varying from formal double to rose-form.
Dark green leaves are oval to lance-shaped
and slightly twisted. 'Jupiter' is an upright
shrub that bears lance-shaped, dark green
leaves and large, saucer-shaped, single,
pinkish-red flowers with golden stamens.
'Kumasaka', syn. C. japonica 'Lady
Marion' has an upright habit with narrowly
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Produces
formal double, or occasionally peony-form,
deep rose-pink flowers. 'Lady Marion'.
See C. japonica 'Kumasaka'. 'Lady
Vansittart' is upright, with unusual, holly¬
like, twisted, mid-green foliage. Saucer¬
shaped, semidouble, white flowers are
flushed rose-pink; flower color is variable
and often self-colored mutations appear.
'Lavinia Maggi' (illus. p.121) has an
upright habit and formal double, white
flowers striped with pink and carmine.
Sometimes sports red flowers.
'Magnoliiflora'. See C. japonica
'Hagoromo'. 'Margaret Davis' (illus.
p.121) is a spreading cultivar, with oval to
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Has
irregular double blooms with ruffled,
creamy-white petals, often lined with pink.
Edges of each petal are bright rose-red.
'Masayoshi', syn. C. japonica
'Donckelaeri' is slow-growing, bushy and
pendulous with saucer-shaped, semidouble.

red flowers, often white-marbled. Has
lance-shaped, dark green leaves.
'Mathotiana' illus. p.137. 'Mrs. D.W.
Davis' is a dense, spreading cultivar that
bears very large, pendulous, cup-shaped,
semidouble, delicate pink flowers that are
backed by oval to lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. 'Nobilissima' (illus. p.120) has a
semierect habit, elliptic, dark green leaves
and peony-form, lemon-tinted, white
flowers in late winter and early spring.
'Paul's Apollo'. See C. japonica 'Apollo'.
'R.L. Wheeler' has robust, upright
growth; large, broadly oval, leathery, very
dark green leaves and very large, flattish,
anemone-form to semidouble, rose-pink
flowers, with distinctive rings of golden
stamens, often including some petaloids.
'Rubescens Major' is an upright cultivar,
becoming bushy with age, with oval to
lance-shaped, dark green leaves. Bears
formal double, crimson-veined, rose-red
flowers. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Sieboldii'. See C.
japonica 'Tricolor'. 'Tomorrow's Dawn'
is similar to 'Tomorrow Park Hill', but
produces pale pink flowers, each with a
white border and frequently red-streaked.
'Tomorrow Park Hill', one of the best of
many mutations of 'Tomorrow', is of
vigorous, upright habit. Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves and bears irregular
double flowers with deep pink, outer petals
gradually fading to soft pink centers that
are often variegated with white. 'Tricolor',
syn. C. japonica 'Sieboldii' (illus. p.121) has
bright green, crinkled, holly-like leaves,
and bears medium, single or semidouble,
red flowers, striped pink and white, in early
spring.

C. 'Leonard Messel', illus. p.121.
Evergreen, open shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft
(2.5m). Has large, oval, leathery, dark green
leaves. In spring bears a profusion of large,
flattish to cup-shaped, semidouble, rose-
pink flowers. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. x maliflora. Evergreen, upright, bushy
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Has small,
lance-shaped, thin-textured, light green
leaves and, in spring, produces flattish to
cup-shaped, semidouble, pale pink- or
white-centered flowers with rose-pink
margins. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. nitidissima, syn. C. chrysantha. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, open shrub or tree.

H 20ft (6m) or more, S 10ft (3m). Has large,
oval, leathery, veined leaves. Small, stalked,
cup-shaped, single, clear yellow flowers are
produced from leaf axils in spring. Z7-8
H8-7.

C. oleifera (Tea-oil camellia). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Leaves
are oval and dull green. Has cup-shaped,
single, sometimes pinkish, white flowers in
early spring. Z6-9 H9-5.

C. reticulata. Evergreen, open, treelike
shrub. H 30ft (10m) or more, S 15ft (5m).

Has large, oval, leathery leaves; large,
saucer-shaped, single, rose-pink and
salmon-red flowers are borne in spring.
Needs shelter. Z7-8 H8-7. 'Arch of
Triumph' bears very large, loose peony-
form, orange-tinted, crimson-pink flowers.
'Butterfly Wings'. See C. reticulata
'Houye Diechi'. 'Captain Rawes' (illus.
p.121) has a profusion of large, semidouble,
carmine-rose blooms. 'Houye Diechi',
syn. C. reticulata 'Butterfly Wings'
produces very large, flattish to cup-shaped,
semidouble, rose-pink flowers with wavy.

central petals. 'Mandalay Queen' has
large, semidouble, deep rose-pink flowers.
'Robert Fortune'. See C. reticulata
'Songzilin'. 'Songzilin', syn. C. reticulata
'Robert Fortune' is upright and has large,
formal double, deep red flowers.

C. rosiflora. Evergreen, spreading shrub.

H and S 3ft (lm). Leaves are oval and dark
green. In spring bears small, saucer-shaped,
single, rose-pink flowers. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. saluenensis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
bushy shrub. H to 12ft (4m), S to 8ft (2.5m).
Has lance-shaped, stiff, dull green leaves.
Cup-shaped, single, white to rose-red
flowers are freely produced in early spring.
Some forms may withstand lower
temperatures. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. sasanqua (Sasanqua camellia). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, dense, upright shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped,
glossy, bright green leaves. In fall bears a
profusion of fragrant, flattish to cup¬
shaped, single, rarely semidouble, white
flowers; they may occasionally be pink or
red. Does best in a hot, sunny site. Z7-8
H8-7. 'Hugh Evans' is vigorous and has
an upright habit, so can be trained against
a wall, and bears single, pale pink flowers
in winter. 'Jean May' produces
large, peony-form to double, pale pink
flowers, from winter to early spring.
'Narumigata' has large, cup-shaped,
single, white flowers, sometimes pink-
flushed. 'Shishigashira' has small,
semidouble to rose-form, double, pinkish-
red flowers.

C. 'Satan's Robe'. Vigorous, erect shrub.
H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 6-10ft (2-3m). Leaves
are broadly elliptic, glossy and dark green,
5-6in (12-16cm) long. From early to late
spring produces large, semidouble, bright
carmine-red flowers, with yellow stamens.
Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Shiro-wabisuke'. Slow-growing,
compact shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Has narrow, mid-green leaves. From mid¬
winter to early spring produces small,
single, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z7-8
H8-7.

C. 'Spring Festival', illus. p.121.
Evergreen, upright shrub. H 6-13ft (2-4m),

S 2—6ft (0.6-2m). Has elliptic, dark green
leaves. Miniature, formal double, pink
flowers, maturing to pale pink, are
produced in mid-spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. tsaii. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 12ft
(4m), S 10ft (3m). Small, lance-shaped, light
green leaves turn bronze with age. Small,
cup-shaped, single, white flowers are freely
produced in spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. x vernalis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
upright shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Has lance-shaped, bright green leaves and,
in late winter, fragrant, flattish to cup¬
shaped, single, white, pink or red flowers.
Some forms produce irregular double
flowers. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'William Hertrich'. Strong-growing,
evergreen, open shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft
(3m). Is free-flowering with large, flattish to
cup-shaped, semidouble blooms of a bright
cherry-red in spring. Petal formation is
very irregular, and petals often form a
confused center with only a few golden
stamens. Leaves are large, oval and deep
green. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. x williamsii. 'Anticipation' Robust,
evergreen, upright shrub. H 10ft (3m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green

CAMPANULA

leaves. Large, peony-form, deep rose-pink
blooms are freely produced in spring. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Bow Bells', H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m),
has a spreading habit with small, mid¬
green leaves and, in early spring, masses
of cup-shaped, single, rose-pink flowers
with deeper pink centers and veins.

'Brigadoon' is a bushy shrub, bearing
semidouble, rose-pink flowers with broad,
down-curving petals. 'Debbie' (illus. p.121)
bears large, peony-form, rose-pink flowers.

Z7-8 H8-7. 'Donation' (illus. p.121) is a
compact, upright plant that is very
floriferous, with large, cup-shaped,
semidouble, pink flowers. Z7-8 H8-7.

'Dream Boat' has a spreading habit, and
bears medium, formal double, pale
purplish-pink flowers, with incurved petals,
in mid-spring. 'E.G. Waterhouse' (illus.
p.122) is an upright, free-flowering cultivar
bearing formal double, pink flowers among
pale green foliage. 'Elizabeth de
Rothschild' is vigorous and upright;
cup-shaped, semidouble, rose-pink flowers
are produced among glossy foliage. 'Elsie
Jury' has glossy, deep green leaves and
large, full peony-form, clear pink flowers.

'Francis Hanger' has an upright habit
and bears single, white flowers with gold
stamens. 'George Blandford' is
spreading and bears semidouble, bright
crimson-pink flowers in early spring.

'Golden Spangles' is a cup-shaped,
single, deep pink cultivar with unusual,
variegated foliage, yellowish in centers of
leaves with dark green margins. 'J.C.

Williams' (illus. p.121) is of pendulous

habit when mature and bears cup-shaped,

single, pink flowers from early winter to

late spring. Z7-8 H8-7. 'Joan Trehane' C

has strong, upright growth and large,

rose-form, double, rose-pink flowers.

'Jury's Yellow' (illus. p.121) is narrow
and erect, bearing medium, anemone-
form, white flowers, with centers of yellow
petaloids. Z7-8 H8-7. 'Ruby Wedding'
produces anemone to peony-form, vivid
red flowers, which are sometimes specked
white in the center. 'Saint Ewe' has
glossy, light green foliage and funnel-
shaped, single, deep pink flowers. 'Water
Lily' (illus. p.121) is an upright, compact
cultivar with dark green leaves and bears
formal double, mid-pink flowers with
incurving petals in mid- to late spring.

Z7-8 H8-7. 'Wilber Foss' is rounded
with dark green foliage and large, broad,
peony-form, brilliant pink-red flowers.

CAMPANULA

Bellflower

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
annuals, biennials and perennials, some of
which are evergreen. Grows in sun or
shade, but delicate flower colors are
preserved best in shade. Most forms thrive
in moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood or basal cuttings in summer or by
seed or division in fall or spring. Is prone
to slug attack, and rust may be a problem
in fall.

C. alliariifolia , illus. p.241. Mound¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has heart-shaped leaves, above
which rise nodding, bell-shaped, creamy-
white flowers borne along arching, wiry 529
stems throughout summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CAMPANULA

C. armena, syn. Symphyandra armena.
Upright or spreading perennial. H 1—2ft
(30-60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Produces panicles
of upright, bell-shaped, blue or white
flowers in summer. Leaves are oval,
irregularly toothed, hairy and mid-green.
Z7-9 H9-7.

C

530

C. barbata, illus. p.342.

C. betulifolia. Prostrate, slender-stemmed
perennial. H 3 Ain (2cm), S 12in (30cm). In
summer, long, branching flower stems each
bear a cluster of open bell-shaped, single,
white to pink flowers, deep pink outside.
Leaves are wedge-shaped. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. 'Birch Hybrid', illus. p.368.

C. x burghaltii. See C. 'Burghaltii'.

C. 'Burghaltii', syn. C. x burghaltii.
Mound-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Leaves are oval, soft and
leathery. Produces long, pendent, funnel-
shaped, pale lavender flowers on erect,
wiry stems in summer. May need staking.
Z4-8H8-1.

C. carpatica (Carpathian harebell). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S to
12in (30cm). Leafy, branching stems bear
rounded to oval, toothed leaves and, in
summer, broadly bell-shaped, blue or white
flowers. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Bressingham
White' illus. p.360. 'Jewel' illus. p.367.
'Turbinata', syn. C. carpatica var.
turbinata has pale lavender flowers, var.
turbinata. See C. carpatica 'Turbinata'.

C. cochleariifolia, syn. C. pusilla, illus.
p.369.

C. 'G.F. Wilson', illus. p.368.

C. garganica. Spreading perennial. H 2in
(5cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, ivy-shaped
leaves along stems. Bears clusters of star¬
shaped, single, pale lavender flowers from
leaf axils in summer. Makes an excellent
plant for a wall or slope. Z4-7 H7-1. 'W.H.
Paine' has bright lavender-blue flowers,
each with a white eye.

C. glomerata 'Superba', illus. p.241.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.

H 272ft (75cm), S 3ft (lm) or more. Has
dense, rounded heads of large, bell-shaped,
purple flowers borne in summer. Bears
oval leaves in basal rosettes and on flower
stems. Must be divided and replanted
regularly. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. x hayiodgensis. See C. x haylodgensis
'Plena'. 'Plena', syn. C. x haylodgensis. is
a spreading perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has small, heart-shaped leaves and,
in summer, pomponlike, double, deep
lavender-blue flowers. Is suitable for a rock
garden or wall. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. isophylla (Italian bellflower).

Evergreen, dwarf, trailing perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, star¬
shaped, blue or white flowers are borne
above small, heart-shaped, toothed leaves.
Is ideal for a hanging basket. Z13-15 H9-1.
Kristal Hybrids 'Stella Blue', H 6-8in
(15-20cm), S to 12in (30cm), is compact and
free-flowering; large, upright, saucer¬
shaped, pale blue flowers are produced in
mid-summer.

C. 'Joe Elliott'. Mound-forming
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 5in (12cm). In
summer, large, funnel-shaped, mid¬
lavender-blue flowers almost obscure
small, heart-shaped, downy, gray-green
leaves. Is good for an alpine house, trough
or rock garden. Needs well-drained,
alkaline soil. Protect from winter moisture.
Is prone to slug attack. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. 'Kent Belle'. Sturdy, spreading but
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),

S 18in (45cm) or more. Has rounded,
toothed, glossy, mid-green leaves. In
summer produces large, pendent, bell¬
shaped, violet-blue flowers. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. lactiflora (Milky bellflower). Upright,
branching perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). In summer, slender stems bear
racemes of large, nodding, bell-shaped,
blue, occasionally pink or white flowers.
Leaves are narrowly oval. Needs staking
on a windy site. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Loddon
Anna' (illus. p.241) has soft dusty-pink
flowers. 'Prichard's Variety' (illus. p.241)
has violet-blue flowers from early summer
to late fall

C. latifolia (Great bellflower). 'Amethyst'
Clump-forming, spreading perennial.

H 36-39in (90-100cm), S 24in (60cm).

Strong stems are clothed with large,
open bell-shaped, pastel amethyst-blue
flowers in summer. Oval, toothed leaves
are rough-textured. 'Brantwood' has
violet-purple flowers.

C. latiloba. Rosette-forming perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 172ft (45cm). Leaves are oval.
Widely cup-shaped flowers, in shades of
blue, occasionally white, are borne in
summer. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Hidcote Amethyst'
has large, vivid violet-blue flowers with
purple highlights. 'Percy Piper' has
lavender flowers.

C. medium (Canterbury bell). Slow-
growing, evergreen, erect, clump-forming
biennial. Tall cultivars, H 3ft (lm), S 1ft
(30cm); dwarf, H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).

All have lance-shaped, toothed, fresh green
leaves. Bell-shaped, single or double
flowers, white or in shades of blue and
pink, are produced in spring and early
summer. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Bells of Holland'
illus. p.313.

C. morettiana. Tuft-forming perennial.

H lin (2.5cm), S 3in (7cm). Leaves are ivy¬
shaped with fine hairs. Arching flower
stems each bear a solitary, erect, bell¬
shaped, violet-blue flower in late spring and
early summer. Needs gritty, alkaline soil and
a dry but not arid winter climate. Red spider
mite may be troublesome. Z5-7 H7-5.

C. pendula, syn. Symphyandra pendula.
Arching perennial. H 1—2ft (30-60cm), S 1ft
(30cm). Produces panicles of pendent, bell¬
shaped, cream flowers in summer. Has
oval, hairy, pale green leaves. Becomes
woody at base with age. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. persicifolia (Peachleaf bellflower).
Rosette-forming, spreading perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). In summer,
nodding, bell-shaped, papery, white or
blue flowers are borne above narrowly
lance-shaped, bright green leaves. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Chettle Charm' (Ulus, p.241), H
60cm (2ft), bears large, white flowers with
violet-blue margins. 'Fleur de Neige'
has double, white flowers. 'Pride of
Exmouth' bears double, powder-blue
flowers. 'Telham Beauty' illus. p.242.

C. portenschlagiana, illus. p.368.

C. poscharskyana , illus. p.367.

C. pulla. Often short-lived perennial
that spreads by underground runners.

H lin (2.5cm), S 4in (10cm). Tiny, rounded
leaves form rosettes, 72in (1cm) wide, each
bearing a flower stem with a solitary,
pendent, bell-shaped, deep violet flower
from late spring to early summer. Is good
for a scree or rock garden. Needs gritty.

alkaline soil that is not too dry. Slugs may
prove troublesome. Z5-7 H7-5.

C. punctata (Spotted bellflower). Vigorous,
clump-forming but spreading perennial.

H 16in (40cm), S 24in (60cm) or more. Has
heart-shaped, light green, basal leaves. In
summer, tall flowering stems bear sprays
of pendent, tubular, dusky-pink flushed,
creamy-white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Alina's
Double', H 12in (30cm), has large, hose-in¬
hose, double, rich pink flowers. 'Cherry
Bells' (illus. p.241), H 20in (50cm), bears
cream-tipped, rose-pink flowers. 'Wine 'n'
Rubies', H 12in (30cm), has dark green
leaves and bears large, rich purple-red
flowers, with heavily speckled interiors,
in mid-summer.

C. 'Purple Sensation'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12in (30cm) or
more. Has oval, dark green leaves. Pendent,
tubular, deep violet-black flowers are
produced in summer. Z5-9 H8-1.

C. pusilla. See C. cochleariifolia.

C. pyramidalis (Chimney bellflower).
Erect, branching biennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces long racemes of star¬
shaped, blue or white flowers in summer.
Leaves are heart-shaped. Needs staking.
Z6-8 H8-6.

C. raineri. Perennial that spreads by
underground runners. H I7zin (4cm), S 3in
(8cm). Leaves are oval, toothed and gray-
green. Rower stems each bear a large,
upturned, bell-shaped, pale lavender flower
in summer. Is suitable for an alpine house or
trough that is protected from winter
moisture. Requires partial shade. Z5-7 H7-5.
C. takesimana (Korean bellflower), illus.
p.241. Vigorous, spreading perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 39in (100cm). Forms
rosettes of heart-shaped, glossy, mid-green
leaves. In summer and fall, flowering stems
bear pendent, tubular to bell-shaped, ivory-
white flowers with red speckled interiors.

Is best in sun. Z5-7 H7-5.

C. trachelium (Nettle-leaved bellflower).
Upright perennial. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has oval, pointed, rough, serrated,
basal leaves. Widely bell-shaped, blue or
purple-blue flowers are borne along erect
stems in summer. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Bernice'
(illus. p.241) has double purple-violet
flowers.

C. vidalii. See Azorina vidalii.

C. wanneri, syn. Symphyandra wanneri,
illus. p.342.

C. zoysii. Tuft-forming perennial. H 2in
(5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has tiny, rounded,
glossy green leaves. In summer, flower
stems each bear a bottle-shaped, lavender
flower held horizontally. Needs gritty,
alkaline soil. Is difficult to grow and
encourage to flower, dislikes winter wet
and is prone to slug attack. Z5-7 H7-5.

CAMPSIS

Trumpet vine

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
root climbers, grown for their flowers.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water regularly in summer. Prune in
spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by layering in winter.

C. chinensis. See C. grandiflora.

C. grandiflora, syn. C. chinensis,
Bignonia grandiflora, Tecoma grandiflora,
illus. p.203.

C. radicans, syn. Bignonia radicans.
Vigorous, deciduous, woody-stemmed,
root climber. H to 40ft (12m). Leaves of
7-11 oval, toothed leaflets are downy
beneath. Small clusters of trumpet-shaped,
orange, scarlet or yellow flowers, 27z-3in
(6-8cm) long, are borne in late summer and
early fall. Z5-9 H9-3. 'Flamenco' illus.
p.208. f. flava, syn. C. radicans 'Yellow
Trumpet' illus. p.206. 'Indian Summer'
illus. p.193. 'Yellow Trumpet'. See C.
radicans f. flava.

C. x tagliabuana 'Madame Galen', illus.

p.208.

CANARINA

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous, tuberous, scrambling
climbers, grown for their flowers. Grow in
full light and in any fertile, well-drained
soil. Water moderately from early fall to
late spring, then keep dry. Needs tying to a
support. Remove dead stems when
dormant. Propagate by basal cuttings or
seed sown in spring or fall.

C. campanula. See C. canadensis.

C. canariensis, syn. C. campanula, illus.
p.464.

Candollea. See Hibbertia.

CANNA

CANNACEAE ~

Genus of robust, showy, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their striking flowers
and ornamental foliage. Is generally used
for summer-bedding displays and in
containers. Requires a warm, sunny position
and rich, moist soil. If grown for summer
bedding, encourage into growth in spring at
61°F (16°C) and store rhizomes in slightly
damp soil in winter. Most cannas survive in
the ground if mulched. Propagate in spring
by division or in winter by seed sown at
68°F (20°C) or more.

C. 'Ambassadour', illus. p.394.
Rhizomatous perennial. H to 6ft (2m),

S 24-36in (60-90cm). Has broadly lance¬
shaped, slightly glaucous, mid-green leaves.
From mid-summer to fall produces large,
creamy-white flowers flushed orange-yellow
within at the bases. Z8-11 HI 1-1.

C. 'Assault'. See C. 'Assaut'.

C. 'Assaut', syn. C. 'Assault'. Summer¬
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H to 4ft
(1.2m), S 172-2ft (45-60cm). Has sturdy,
leafy stems bearing wide, purple-green
leaves with a spike of scarlet flowers
surrounded by purple bracts. Z8-11 Hll-1.
C. 'Bengal Tiger'. See C. 'Striata'.

C. 'Black Knight'. Rhizomatous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 172-2ft (45-60cm).
Sturdy stems bear broadly lance-shaped,
bronze-green leaves. From mid-summer to
early fall has large racemes of gladiolus¬
like, very dark red flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, with wavy petals. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Brillant', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm). Produces iris-like,
bright red flowers and broadly lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Durban', illus. p.394. Mid-summer
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. H 572ft (1.6m), S 20in (50cm).
Produces gladiolus-like, dark orange-red
flowers above broadly elliptical, pink-veined,
purple leaves fading to orange. Z8-11 Hll-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

C. x ehemanii, syn. C. iridiflora
'Ehemanii', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Broadly elliptical,
dark bluish-green leaves have red margins.
Produces trumpet-shaped, bright pinkish-
red flowers. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Ermine'. Clump-forming, mid-summer
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 20in (50cm).
Has broadly lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Very large, gladiolus-like, creamy-
white flowers are pale yellow flushed
toward the centers. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Gnom'. Mid-summer to early-fall-
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces gladiolus¬
like, salmon-pink flowers, with overlapping
petals, and broadly elliptical, mid-green
leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. iridiflora, illus. p.395. 'Ehemanii'. See

C. x ehemanii.

C. 'King Midas'. See C. 'Richard Wallace'.
C. 'Konigin Charlotte', syn. C. 'Queen
Charlotte', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Has broadly
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. From mid¬
summer to early fall produces velvety,
blood-red flowers, with canary-yellow-
margined petals. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Louis Cottin', illus. p.394. Mid-summer
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S lVzft (50cm).
Produces trumpet-shaped, apricot flowers
and broadly lance-shaped, dark blackish-
green leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Lucifer', illus. p.394. Compact, mid¬
summer to early-fall-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 20in (50cm). Produces relatively small,
iris-like, red and yellow flowers and elliptic,
mid-green leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Musifolia'. Mid-summer to early-fall-
flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 10ft
(3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears small, iris-like,
orange flowers. Very long, oval, mid-green
leaves have dark margins and red-tinted
midribs. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Picasso', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 20in (50cm). Produces
gladiolus-like, yellow flowers with orange
and red spots. Has large, broadly ovate,
mid-green leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Pretoria'. See C. 'Striata'.

C. 'Queen Charlotte'. See C. 'Konigin
Charlotte'.

C. 'Richard Wallace', syn. C. 'King
Midas', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to early-
fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial. H 5ft
(1.5m), S lVaft (50cm). Produces gladiolus¬
like, bright yellow flowers, with spotted
throats and frilly-edged petals, and
elliptical, apple-green leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.
C. 'Striata', syn. C. 'Bengal Tiger', C.
'Pretoria', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 5ft (1.5m), S lVzft (50cm). Gladiolus-like,
bright orange flowers are produced above
ovate, light green to yellow-green leaves,
with bright yellow veins. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Stuttgart', illus. p.394. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 7ft (2.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces small,
iris-like, pale apricot flowers, fading to
pink. Broadly lance-shaped, white-and-
green leaves require some shade to prevent
burning. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Whithelm Pride'. Mid-summer to
early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
H 3ft (lm), S 172ft (50cm). Produces large,
gladiolus-like, pink flowers and ovate,
bronze leaves. Z8-11 Hll-1.

C. 'Wyoming', illus. p.394. Mid-summer
to early-fall-flowering, rhizomatous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m), S 20in (50cm).
Produces gladiolus-like, soft orange
flowers and large, ovate, purple-bronze
leaves, with darker purple veins. Z8-11
Hll-1.

CANTUA

POLEMONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
showy flowers in spring. Only one species
is in general cultivation. Often benefits
from being grown against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Requires full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. buxifolia, syn. C. dependens, illus. p.146.
C. dependens. See C. buxifolia.

CAPSICUM

SOLANACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, subshrubs and
short-lived perennials, usually grown as
annuals. Some species produce edible fruits
(e.g. sweet peppers), others small,
ornamental ones. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Spray flowers with water
to encourage fruit to set. Propagate by seed
sown under glass in spring. Red spider
mite may cause problems.

C. annuum (Ornamental pepper). Z9-11
Hll-1. 'Holiday Cheer' is a moderately
fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial,
grown as an annual. H and S 8-12in
(20-30cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves.
Bears small, star-shaped, white flowers in
summer and, in fall-winter, spherical,
green fruits maturing to red.

CARAGANA

Peashrub

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun
and fertile but not over-rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate species by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall,
cultivars by softwood or semiripe cuttings
or budding in summer or by grafting
during winter.

C. arborescens (Siberian peashrub). Fast¬
growing, deciduous, upright shrub. H 20ft
(6m), S 12ft (4m). Has spine-tipped, dark
green leaves, each composed of 8-12
oblong leaflets. Produces clusters of
pealike, yellow flowers in late spring.

Z2-8 H8-1. Arching 'Lorbergii', H 10ft
(3m), S 8 ft (2.5m) has very narrow leaflets
and smaller flowers and is often grown as
a tree by top-grafting. 'Nana' illus. p.148.
'Walker', H 1ft (30cm), S 6-10ft (2-3m),
is prostrate but is usually top-grafted to
form a weeping tree, H 6ft (2m), S 272ft
(75cm).

C. frutex 'Globosa'. Slow-growing,
deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 1ft
(30cm). Mid-green leaves each have
4 oblong leaflets. Pealike, bright yellow
flowers are borne only rarely in late
spring. Z2-8 H8-1.

CARALLUMA

ASCLEPIADACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents with
4-6-ribbed, finger-like, blue-gray or
blue-green to purple stems. Needs sun
and extremely well-drained soil. Water
sparingly, only in the growing season.
May be difficult to grow. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in summer.

C. europaea, syn. Stapelia europaea.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent.

H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (lm). Rough, 4-angled,
erect to procumbent, gray stems often
arch over and root. Has clusters of small,
star-shaped, yellow and brownish-purple
flowers near stem crown from mid- to
late summer, then twin-horned, gray seed
pods. Flowers smell faintly of rotten
meat. Is one of the easier species to
grow. Z13-15 Hll-10.

C. joannis , illus. p.494.

CARDAMINE

Bitter cress

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering annuals and
perennials. Some are weeds, but others
are suitable for informal and woodland
gardens. Requires sun or semi-shade
and moist soil. Propagate by seed or
division in fall.

C. enneaphyllos, syn. Dentaria
enneaphyllos. Lax perennial spreading by
fleshy, horizontal rootstocks. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm). In spring,
nodding, pale yellow or white flowers are
produced at the ends of shoots arising
from deeply divided leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. latifolia. See C. raphanifolia.

C. pentaphyllos, syn. Dentaria
pentaphyllos, illus. p.260.

C. pratensis, illus. p.438. 'Flore Pleno'
is a neat, clump-forming perennial. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears dense sheaves
of double, lilac flowers in spring. Mid¬
green leaves are divided into rounded
leaflets. May also be propagated by leaf-tip
cuttings in mid-summer. Prefers a moist or
wet site.

C. raphanifolia, syn. C. latifolia, illus.
p.438.

C. trifolia, illus. p.348.

CARDIOCRINUM

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, lily-like
bulbs, grown for their spectacular
flowers. Needs partial shade and deep,
rich, moist soil. Plant bulbs just below
soil surface, in fall. Water well in summer
and mulch with humus. Provide a deep
mulch in winter. After flowering, main
bulb dies, but produces offsets. To
produce flowers in up to 5 years,
propagate by offsets in fall; may also be
propagated by seed in fall or winter and
will then flower in 7 years.

C. giganteum, illus. p.385. var.
yunnanense is a sturdy, leafy-stemmed
bulb. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S 27 2 -3ft (75cm-lm).
Has bold, heart-shaped, bronze-green
leaves. Fragrant, pendent, trumpet-shaped,
cream flowers, 6in (15cm) long, with
purple-red streaks inside, are borne in long
spikes in summer and are followed by
decorative seed heads.

CARISSA

CARDIOSPERMUM

SAPINDACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous or deciduous, shrubby
climbers, grown mainly for their attractive
fruits. Is useful for covering bushes or
trellises. Grow in full light and any soil.
Propagate by seed in spring.

C. halicacabum (Balloon vine).

Deciduous, shrubby, scandent, perennial
climber, usually grown as an annual
or biennial. H to 10ft (3m). Has toothed
leaves of 2 oblong leaflets. Inconspicuous,
whitish flowers are produced in summer,
followed by downy, spherical, inflated,
3-angled, straw-colored fruits containing
black seeds, each with a heart-shaped,
white spot. Z10-11 Hll-1.

CAREX

Sedge

CYPERACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. buchananii (Leatherleaf sedge).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.

H to 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Very narrow,
copper-colored leaves turn red toward base.
Solid, triangular stems bear insignificant,
brown spikelets in summer. Z6-9 H9-5.

C. elata, syn. C. stricta (Tufted sedge).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.
H to 3ft (lm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are
somewhat glaucous. Solid, triangular
stems bear blackish-brown spikelets in
summer. Z5-9 H9-3. 'Aurea' illus. p.445.
C. flagellifera, illus. p.289.

C. grayi (Gray's sedge). Evergreen, tuft¬
forming, perennial sedge. H to 24in (60cm),
S 8in (20cm). Has bright green leaves.
Large, female spikelets, borne in summer,
mature to pointed, knobby, greenish-
brown fruits. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. hachijoensis 'Evergold'. See C.
oshimensis 'Evergold'.

C. morrowii of gardens. See C.
oshimensis.

C. oshimensis, syn. C. morrowii.
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial sedge.

H 8-20in (20-50cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).

Has narrow, mid-green leaves. Solid,
triangular stems bear insignificant spikelets
in summer. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Evergold', syn.

C. hachijoensis 'Evergold' illus. p.288.

C. pendula (Pendulous sedge). Evergreen,
tuft-forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has narrow, green leaves. Solid,
triangular stems freely produce pendent,
greenish-brown flower spikes in summer.
Z5-9 H9-5.

C. riparia (Greater pond sedge).
'Variegata' is a vigorous, evergreen,
perennial sedge. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm),

S indefinite. Has broad, white-striped, mid¬
green leaves and solid, triangular stems
that bear narrow, bristle-tipped, dark
brown spikelets in summer.

C. stricta. See C. elata.

CARISSA

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers
and overall appearance. Needs partial
shade and well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately, less when
temperatures are low. Propagate by seed

531

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CARLINA

when ripe or in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer. ® The seeds are
poisonous.

C. grandiflora. See C. macrocarpa.

C. macrocarpa, syn. C. grandiflora
(Natal plum). Z9-11 HI 1-9. 'Tuttlei' illus.
p.453.

C. spectabilis. See Acokanthera
oblongifolia.

CARLINA

Carline thistle
COMPOS1TAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and
perennials, grown for their ornamental
flower heads. Requires a sunny position
and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed: annuals in spring, perennials
in fall.

C. acaulis , illus. p.361.

CARMICHAELIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAP1LIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous, usually leafless
shrubs, grown for their profusion of
tiny flowers in summer. Flattened, green
shoots assume function of leaves. Needs
full sun and well-drained soil. Cut out
dead wood in spring. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall or spring.

C. arborea. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Small clusters of
pealike, pale lilac flowers are borne from
early to mid-summer. May need staking
when mature. Z9-10 H9-7.

C. carmichaeliae, syn. Notospartium
carmichaeliae (Pink broom). Leafless,
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Short, dense spikes of pealike, purple-
blotched, pink flowers are produced in
mid-summer on slender, drooping, green
shoots. Z8-10 H9-7.

C. enysii. Deciduous, mound-forming,
dense shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm). Shoots
are rigid. Pealike, violet flowers are borne
in mid-summer. Is best grown in a rock
garden. Z9-10 H10-8.

C. stevensonii, syn. Chordospartium
stevensonii. Deciduous, almost leafless,
arching shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
Produces small, pealike, purplish-pink
flowers in cylindrical racemes in mid¬
summer. Z8-10 H10-7.

CARNEGIEA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of one species of very slow-growing,
perennial cactus with thick, 12-24-ribbed,
spiny stems. Is unlikely to flower or branch
at less than 12ft (4m) high. Requires full sun
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or summer.

C. gigantea, illus. p.492.

CARPENTERIA

HYDRANGEACEAE

532

Genus of one species of evergreen,
summer-flowering shrub, cultivated for its
flowers and foliage. Grows well against a
south- or west-facing wall. Prefers full sun
and fairly moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

C. californica, illus. p.197.

CARPINUS

Hornbeam

CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage, fall color and clusters of small,
winged nuts. Needs sun or semi-shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species
by seed in fall, cultivars by budding in late
summer.

C. betulus (European hornbeam).
Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft
(25m), S 70ft (20m). Has a fluted trunk
and oval, prominently veined, dark green
leaves that turn yellow and orange in fall.
Bears green catkins from late spring to
fall, when clusters of winged nuts
develop. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Fastigiata',
syn. C. betulus 'Pyramidalis' illus. p.93.
'Pyramidalis'. See C. betulus
'Fastigiata'.

C. caroliniana (American hornbeam).
Deciduous, spreading tree with branches
that droop at tips. H and S 30ft (10m).

Has a fluted, gray trunk, green catkins
in spring and oval, bright green leaves
that turn orange and red in fall, when
clusters of winged nuts develop.

Z3-9 H9-1.

C. tschonoskii (Yeddo hornbeam).
Deciduous, rounded tree with branches
drooping at tips. H and S 40ft (12m). Has
oval, sharply toothed, glossy, dark green
leaves. Green catkins are produced in
spring and clusters of small, winged nuts
develop in fall. Z6-9 H9-1.

C. turczaninowii. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Green
catkins are borne in spring. Produces
clusters of small, winged nuts in fall, when
small, oval, glossy, deep green leaves turn
orange. Z6-9 H9-1.

CARPOBROTUS

Ice plant

A1ZOACEAE ~

Genus of mat-forming, perennial
succulents with triangular, fleshy, dark
green leaves and daisylike flowers.

Is excellent for binding sandy soils.

Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

C. edulis (Hottentot fig). Carpeting,
perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm),

S indefinite. Prostrate, rooting branches
bear leaves 5 /sin (1.5cm) thick and 5in
(12cm) long. Yellow, purple or pink flowers,
5in (12cm) across, open in spring-summer
from about noon in sun. Bears edible,
figlike, brownish fruits in late summer and
fall. Z12-14 HI 1-10.

CARRIEREA

FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees. Only C. calycina,
grown for its flowers, is in general
cultivation. Requires full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

C. calycina. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, mid¬
green leaves set off upright clusters of cup¬
shaped, creamy-white or greenish-white
flowers borne in early summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

CARTHAMUS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and herbaceous
perennials, grown for their flowers, foliage
and medicinal properties. Needs full sun
and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring.

C. tinctorius , illus. p.323.

CARYA

Hickory

JUGLANDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
stately habit, divided leaves, fall color and,
in some cases, edible nuts. Has insignificant
flowers in spring. Requires sun or semi¬
shade and deep, fertile soil. Plant young
seedlings in a permanent position during
their first year since older plants resent
transplanting. Propagate by seed in fall.

C. cordiformis (Bitternut hickory. Swamp
hickory). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
tree. H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Bark is
smooth at first, later fissured. Bright yellow,
winter leaf buds develop into large, dark
green leaves, with usually 7 oval to oblong
leaflets; these turn yellow in fall. Nuts are
pear-shaped or rounded, 3 /4-172in (2-4cm)
long, each with a bitter kernel. Z4-9 H9-1.
C. glabra (Pignut, Pignut hickory).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with
usually 5 narrowly oval leaflets, turn bright
yellow and orange in fall. Pear-shaped or
rounded nuts, 3 /4-lV2in (2-4cm) long, each
have a bitter kernel. Z5-8 H8-1.

C. ovata, illus. p.67.

CARYOPTERIS

Bluebeard

VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown for
their foliage and small, but freely produced,
blue flowers. Prefers full sun and light,
well-drained soil. Cut back hard in spring.
Propagate species by greenwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall; increase cultivars by cuttings only, in
summer.

C. x clandonensis (Blue mist shrub,
Bluebeard). Z6-9 H9-1. 'Arthur
Simmonds' illus. p.157. 'Heavenly Blue'

is a deciduous, bushy subshrub. H and S 3ft
(lm). Forms an upright, compact mass of
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Dense
clusters of tubular, blue to purplish-blue
flowers, with prominent stamens, are
borne from late summer to fall.

C. incana, syn. C. mastacanthus (Common
bluebeard). Deciduous, bushy subshrub.

H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears tubular, violet-
blue flowers, with prominent stamens,
amid lance-shaped, gray-green leaves from
late summer to early fall. Z6-9 H9-1.

C. mastacanthus. See C. incana.

CASSIA

Senna

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their flowers mainly produced
from winter to summer. Needs full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely when in full

growth, moderately to sparingly in winter.
Pruning is tolerated, severe if need be, but
trees are best left to grow naturally.
Propagate by seed in spring.

C. artemisioides. See Senna
artemisioides.

C. corymbosa. See Senna corymbosa.
var. plurijuga of gardens. See Senna
x floribunda. Z12-15 H12-10.

C. didymobotrya. See Senna
didymobotrya.

C. fistula (Golden shower, Indian
laburnum. Pudding pipe-tree). Fast¬
growing, almost deciduous, ovoid tree.

H 25-30ft (8-10m), S 12-20ft (4-6m). Leaves,
each with 4-8 pairs of oval leaflets, are
coppery when young. In spring produces
racemes of small, fragrant, 5-petaled, cup¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers. Cylindrical,
dark brown pods, to 24in (60cm) long, yield
cassia pulp. Zll Hll-10.

C. x floribunda. See Senna x floribunda.

C. siamea. See Senna siamea.

CASSINIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

C. fulvida. See C. leptophylla subsp.
fulvida.

C. leptophylla subsp. fulvida , syn.

C. fulvida. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and
S 6ft (2m). Has yellow shoots, small, oblong,
dark green leaves and, in mid-summer,
clustered heads of minute, white flowers.
Z8-9 H9-8. subsp. vauvilliersii, syn.

C. vauvilliersii illus. p.150.

C. vauvilliersii. See C. leptophylla subsp.
vauvilliersii.

CASSIOPE

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
shrubs, suitable for peat beds and walls
and for rock gardens. Needs a sheltered,
shaded or semi-shaded site and moist,
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe or
greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall or spring.

C. 'Edinburgh'. Evergreen, dwarf shrub.
H and S 8in (20cm). Has tiny, dark green
leaves tightly pressed to upright stems. In
spring, many small, bell-shaped, white
flowers are borne singly in leaf axils. Z2-6
H6-1.

C. fastigiata. Evergreen, upright, loose
shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). In
spring, bell-shaped, creamy-white flowers,
resting in green or red calyces, are borne
on short stalks in leaf axils. Leaves are tiny
and scalelike. Needs partial shade. Z2-6
H6-1.

C. lycopodioides , illus. p.349.

C. mertensiana, illus. p.349.

C. 'Muirhead', illus. p.332.

C. selaginoides. Evergreen, spreading
shrub. H lOin (25cm), S 6in (15cm). Stem is
hidden by dense, scalelike, mid-green
leaves. Bears solitary, relatively large,
pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers in
spring. Needs a shaded site. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. tetragona, illus. p.332.

C. wardii. Evergreen, upright to
spreading, loose shrub. H 6in (15cm),

S 8in (20cm). Semi-upright stems are

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

densely clothed with scalelike, dark
green leaves that give them a squared
appearance. Bell-shaped, white flowers,
set close to stems, are produced in
spring. Needs shade in all but cool areas.
May also be propagated by division of
runners in spring. Z4-6 H6-1.

CASTANEA

Chestnut

FAGACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees and shrubs, grown for their foliage,
stately habit, flowers and edible fruits
(chestnuts). Requires sun or semi-shade;
does particularly well in hot, dry areas.
Needs fertile, well-drained soil; grows
poorly on shallow, chalky soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall, cultivars by
budding in summer or by grafting
in late winter.

C. dentata (American chestnut).
Deciduous, spreading tree with rough
bark. H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Oblong,
toothed, dull green leaves turn orange-
yellow in fall. Has catkins of greenish-
white flowers in summer, then typical
spiny "chestnut" fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. sativa (Spanish chestnut. Sweet
chestnut). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark becomes
spirally ridged with age. Oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in
fall. Produces spikes of small, creamy-
yellow flowers in summer, followed by
edible fruits in rounded, spiny husks.

Z5-7 H7-5. 'Albomarginata' illus. p.61.

CASTANOPSIS

FAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their habit and foliage.
Flowers are insignificant. Needs a
sheltered position in sun or semi-shade
and fertile, well-drained but not too
dry, acidic soil. Propagate by seed when
ripe, in fall.

C. cuspidata. Evergreen, bushy,
spreading shrub or tree with drooping
shoots. H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Bears
long, oval, slender-tipped, leathery leaves,
glossy, dark green above, bronze beneath.
Z9-11 Hll-10.

CASTANOSPERMUM

Black bean tree, Moreton Bay
chestnut

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its overall appearance and for
shade. Requires full light and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Propagate by
seed in spring.

C. australe. Strong-growing, evergreen,
rounded tree. H 50ft (15m) or more,

S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have
8-17 oval leaflets. Racemes of large,
pealike, yellow flowers, that age to
orange and red, are produced in fall, but
only on mature trees, and are followed
by cylindrical, reddish-brown pods, lOin
(25cm) long, containing large, chestnut-like
seeds. Zll Hll-10.

CATALPA

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees and shrubs, extremely resistant to
urban pollution, grown for their foliage
and bell- or trumpet-shaped flowers with
frilly lobes. Trees are best grown as isolated
specimens. Prefers full sun and does best in
hot summers. Needs deep, fertile, well-
drained but not too dry soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall, cultivars by
softwood cuttings in summer or by
budding in late summer.

C. bignonioides, illus. p.73. 'Aurea' illus.
p.76.

C. x erubescens 'Purpurea'. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 50ft (15m). Broadly
oval or 3-lobed, very dark purple, young
leaves age to dark green. Fragrant, bell¬
shaped, white flowers, marked with yellow
and purple, are produced from mid- to late
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. fargesii f. duclouxii, illus. p.73.

C. ovata (Northern catalpa). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears
3-lobed, purplish leaves when young,
maturing to pale green. Has large clusters
of bell-shaped, white flowers, spotted with
red and yellow, from mid- to late summer.
Z4-8 H8-1.

C. speciosa , illus. p.72.

CATANANCHE

Cupid's dart

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with daisylike flower
heads that may be successfully dried for
winter flower arrangements. Needs sun
and light, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or by root cuttings in winter.
C. caerulea 'Major', illus. p.270.

CATHARANTHUS

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. C. roseus is often grown annually
from seed or cuttings and used as a
summer bedding plant in cool climates.
Needs full light and well-drained soil.

Water container specimens moderately,
less when temperatures are low. Prune
long or straggly stems in early spring to
promote a more bushy habit. Propagate by
seed in spring or by greenwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. roseus, syn. Vinca rosea, illus. p.298.
Boa Series 'Boa Peach' illus. p.300.
Cobra Series 'Cobra Burgundy' illus.
p.306.

CATTLEYA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

C. bowringiana. See Guarianthe
bowringiana.

C. cinnabarina, syn. Laelia cinnabarina.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm).
Produces sprays of slender, orange flowers,
2in (5cm) or more across, usually in winter.
Has narrowly oval, rigid leaves, 3-4in
(8-10cm) long. Needs full light in summer.
Z14-15 H12-6.

C. J.A. Carbone gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.

H 18in (45cm). Large heads of fragrant,
pinkish-mauve flowers, 4in (10cm) across
and each with a yellow-marked, deep pink
lip, are borne in early summer. Has oval,
stiff leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long. Avoid
spraying from overhead. Z12-14 Hll-6.

C. Trizac gx 'Purple Emperor', syn. x
Sophrolaeliocattleya Trizac gx 'Purple
Emperor'. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
an intermediate greenhouse. H 4in (10cm).
In spring bears crimson-lipped, pinkish-
purple flowers, 2 V 2 in (6cm) across, in small
heads. Has oval, rigid leaves, 4in (10cm)
long. Provide full light in summer. Z12-14
Hll-6.

x CATTLIANTHE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x C. Hazel Boyd gx 'Apricot Glow',

syn. x Sophrolaeliocattleya Hazel Boyd gx
'Apricot Glow', illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). In spring and
early summer produces small heads of
apricot-orange flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
with crimson marks on lips. Has oval,
rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Grow in
full light in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.
x C. Rojo gx 'Mont Millais', syn. x
Laeliocattleya Rojo gx 'Mont Millais', illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). In
winter-spring bears arching heads of
slender, reddish-orange flowers, Win (2cm)
across. Oval leaves are up to 6in (15cm)
long. Provide full light in summer. Z14-15
H12-6.

CAULOKAEMPFERIA

ZINGIBERACEAE

Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their small but
numerous, bright flowers, from late spring
to fall, produced from the same stem as the
leaves. Requires a shady, sheltered position
and moist, rich soil. Propagate by division
or seed in early spring.

C. petelotii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has 6-8
narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Clusters of broad-lipped, bright canary-
yellow flowers, surrounded by long,
narrow, green bracts, are borne from
spring into fall.

CAUTLEYA

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
perennials. Needs a sunny, sheltered
position and deep, rich, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in spring.

C. spicata, illus. p.279.

CAYRATIA

VITACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their leaves and
fall color. Tendril tips have sucker-like pads
that cling to supports. Insignificant
greenish flowers appear in summer. Grow
in shade or semi-shade and well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood or greenwood
cuttings in summer or by hardwood

CEANOTHUS

cuttings in early spring. ® The berries may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

C. thomsonii, syn. Parthenocissus
thomsonii, illus. p.209.

CEANOTHUS

RHAMNACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
and small trees, grown for their small but
densely clustered, mainly blue flowers. At
the limits of hardiness, plant against a
south- or west-facing wall. Needs a
sheltered site in full sun and light, well-
drained soil. Cut dead wood from
evergreens in spring and trim their
sideshoots after flowering. Cut back shoots
of deciduous species to basal framework in
early spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. arboreus "Trewithen Blue', illus.
p.194.

C. 'Autumnal Blue', illus. p.138.

C. 'Blue Mound'. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Forms
a mound of oblong, glossy, dark green
leaves, covered, in late spring, with
rounded clusters of deep blue flowers.
Z9-10 H10-8.

C. 'Burkwoodii', illus. p.205.

C. 'Burtonensis'. Evergreen, bushy,
spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 12ft
(4m) Has small, rounded, almost spherical,
crinkled leaves that are lustrous and dark
green. Small, deep blue flowers are
produced in clusters, 3 Ain (2cm) wide, from
mid- spring to early summer. Z9-10 H10-8.
C. 'Cascade'. Vigorous, evergreen,
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Leaves
are narrowly oblong, glossy and dark
green. Large panicles of powder-blue
flowers are borne in late spring and early
summer. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

C. 'Delight'. Fast-growing, evergreen,
bushy shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Bears
oblong, glossy, deep green leaves. Long
clusters of rich blue flowers are borne in
late spring. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. x delileanus 'Glore de Versailles'.
See C. 'Gloire de Versailles'.

C. dentatus (Point Reyes ceanothus).
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Produces small, oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves and is covered, in
late spring, with rounded clusters of bright
blue flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. dentatus of gardens. See C. x lobbianus.
C. 'Gloire de Versailles', syn. C. x
delileanus 'Glore de Versailles', illus. p.157.
C. gloriosus. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oval and
dark green. Rounded clusters of deep blue
or purplish-blue flowers are produced from
mid- to late spring. May suffer from
chlorosis on chalky soil. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. impressus, illus. p.138. 'Puget Blue'.
See C. 'Puget Blue'.

C. incanus, illus. p.129.

C. 'Italian Skies'. Evergreen, bushy,
spreading shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft (3m).
Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
Produces dense, conical clusters of bright
blue flowers in late spring. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. x lobbianus, syn. C. dentatus of
gardens. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Rounded clusters of
bright, deep blue flowers are borne in late
spring and early summer amid oval, dark
green leaves. Z8-10 H10-7.

C

533

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CEDRUS

C. 'Marie Simon'. Deciduous, bushy
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has broadly oval,
mid-green leaves. Conical clusters of soft
pink flowers are produced in profusion from
mid-summer to early fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

C. papillosus. Evergreen, arching shrub.

H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves are
narrowly oblong, glossy, dark green and
sticky. Produces dense racemes of blue or
purplish-blue flowers in late spring. Z9-10
H10-9.

C. 'Perle Rose', illus. p.153.

C. 'Puget Blue', syn. C. impressus 'Puget
Blue', illus. p.205.

C. rigidus. See C. rigidus var. rigidus. var.
rigidus, syn. C. rigidus (Monterey
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy shrub of
dense, spreading habit. H 4ft (1.2m), S 8ft
(2.5m). Bears oblong to rounded, glossy,
dark green leaves and, from mid-spring to
early summer, produces rounded clusters of
deep purplish-blue flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. 'Southmead' (Santa Barbara
ceanothus). Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub.
H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves. Deep blue flowers
are produced in rounded clusters in late
spring and early summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. thyrsiflorus (Blueblossom). Evergreen,
bushy shrub or spreading tree. H and S 20ft
(6m). Has broadly oval, glossy, mid-green
leaves and, in late spring and early summer,
rounded clusters of pale blue flowers. Z7-11
H10-3. var. repens illus. p.159.

C. x veitchianus. Vigorous, evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Dense,
oblong clusters of deep blue flowers are
borne in late spring and early summer
amid oblong, glossy, dark green leaves.
Z9-10 H10-9.

Cedrela sinensis. See Toona sinensis.

Cedronelia mexicana. See Agastache
mexicana.

CEDRUS

Cedar

PINACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

C. atlantica , syn. C. libani subsp. atlantica
(Atlas cedar). Conifer that is conical when
young, broadening with age. H 50-80ft
(15-25m), S 15-30ft (5-10m). Leaves are
spirally arranged, needlelike, dull green or
bright blue-gray. Has ovoid cones, males
pale brown, females pale green, ripening
to brown. Z6-9 H9-6. f. fastigiata, syn.

C. atlantica Fastigiata Group, S 12—15ft
(4-5m), has a narrower, more upright habit.
Fastigiata Group. See C. atlantica
f. fastigiata. f. glauca , syn. C. atlantica
Glauca Group, illus. p.95. Glauca Group.
See C. atlantica f. glauca.

C. deodara , illus. p.96. 'Aurea', illus. p.104.
C. libani , illus. p.97. subsp. atlantica.

See C. atlantica. 'Comte de Dijon', H 3—6ft
(l-2m), S 2—4ft (60cm-1.2m), is a dwarf
form that grows only 2in (5cm) a year.
'Sargentii', H and S 3—5ft (1-1.5m), has
horizontal, then weeping branches and
makes a bush that is rounded in shape.

CEIBA

BOMBACACEAE

534

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen
or deciduous trees, grown for their
overall appearance and for shade. Requires
full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist

but well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely while in full growth, less
at other times. Pruning is tolerated if
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. pentandra (Kapok, Silk cotton tree).
Fast-growing, semievergreen tree with a
spine-covered trunk. H and S 80ft (25m) or
more. Hand-shaped leaves have 5-9 elliptic
leaflets, red when young, becoming mid¬
green. Bears clusters of 5-petaled, white,
yellow or pink flowers in summer, followed
by woody, brownish seed pods containing
silky kapok fiber. Z13-15 HI 1-10.

C. speciosa. See Chorisia speciosa.

CELASTRUS

Bittersweet

CELASTRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and twining
climbers, grown for their fruits. Most
species bear male and female flowers on
separate plants, so both sexes must be
grown to obtain fruits; hermaphrodite
forms of C. orbiculatus are available. Grow
in any soil and in full or partial shade. Likes
regular feeding. Prune in spring to cut out
old wood and maintain shape. Propagate
by seed in fall or spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. articulatus. See C. orbiculatus.

C. orbiculatus, syn. C. articulatus (Asian
bittersweet). Vigorous, deciduous, twining
climber. H to 46ft (14m). Has small,
rounded, toothed leaves. Clusters of 2-4
small, green flowers are produced in
summer; tiny, long-lasting, spherical fruits
begin green, turn black in fall, and finally
split and show yellow insides and red
seeds. Tends to self-seed and is considered
invasive in some regions. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Diana' illus. p.209.

C. scandens. Deciduous, twining climber.
H to 30ft (10m). Oval leaves are 2^-in
(5-10cm) long. Tiny, greenish flowers are
borne in small clusters in leaf axils in
summer. Long-lasting, spherical fruits are
produced in bunches, 2-3in (5-8cm) long;
each fruit splits to show an orange interior
and scarlet seeds. Z3-8 H8-1.

CELMISIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, late spring- and
summer-flowering perennials, grown for
their foliage and daisylike flower heads.

Is suitable for rock gardens and peat beds,
but may be difficult to grow in hot, dry
climates. Needs a sheltered, sunny site and
rich, moist but well-drained, sandy, acidic
soil. Propagate by division in early summer
or by seed when fresh.

C. bellidioides. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H 3 /4in (2cm), S to 6in (15cm). Has
rounded, leathery, dark green leaves. Bears
almost stemless, white flower heads. Van
(lcm) across, in early summer. Z8-9 H9-8.

C. coriacea of gardens. See C.
semicordata.

C. ramulosa, illus. p.360.

C. semicordata, syn. C. coriacea, illus.
p.346.

C. traversii. Slow-growing, evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 8in (20cm). Sword-shaped, dark green
leaves have reddish-brown margins and
cream undersides. In summer bears white

flower heads, 272-3in (6-7cm) across. Is
difficult to establish.

C. walkeri, syn. C. webbiana, illus. p.336.
C. webbiana. See C. walkeri.

CELOSIA

Cockscomb

AMARANTHACEAE

Genus of erect perennials, grown as
annuals. Prefers a sunny, sheltered position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed sown under glass in spring.

C. argentea. Moderately fast-growing,
erect, bushy perennial, grown as an annual.
H 12-24in (30-60cm), S to 18in (45cm). Has
oval to lance-shaped, pale to mid-green
leaves and, in summer, pyramid-shaped,
feathery, silvery-white flower heads, to 4in
(10cm) long. Cultivars are available in red,
orange, yellow and cream. H9-2. Dwarf
cultivars, H 12in (30cm), include 'Fairy
Fountains', which has flower heads, to
6in (15cm) long, in a wide range of colors
in summer-fall, and Olympia Series
(Yunnan hackberry), which has crested,
coral-like heads of tightly clustered flower
heads, 3-5in (8-12cm) across, in colors such
as golden-yellow, scarlet, light red, deep
cerise and purple.

CELTIS

Hackberry

U LM ACEAE/CAN N ABACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, with
inconspicuous flowers in spring, grown for
their foliage and small fruits. Needs full sun
(doing best in hot summers) and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
C. australis, illus. p.62.

C. occidentalis (Common hackberry).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
(20m). Oval, sharply toothed, glossy, bright
green leaves turn yellow in fall, when they
are accompanied by globose, yellowish-
red, then red-purple fruits. Z2-9 H9-1.

C. sinensis (Chinese hackberry).
Deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft
(10m). Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
with fine teeth, and small, globose, orange
fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

CENTAUREA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
their flower heads that each have a thistle¬
like center surrounded by a ring of slender
ray petals. Requires sun; grows in any well-
drained soil, even poor soil. Propagate by
seed or division in fall or spring.

C. cyanus, illus. p.315. Fast-growing,
upright, branching annual. H 1—3ft
(30cm-lm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
gray-green leaves and, in summer and
early fall, branching stems with usually
double, daisylike flower heads in shades of
blue, pink, red, purple or white. Flowers
are excellent for cutting. Tall (blue, illus.
p.315) and dwarf cultivars are available.
Baby Series (Persian cornflower) (dwarf),
H to 1ft (30cm), has blue, white or pink
flower heads.

C. deaibata. Erect perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-purple flower heads are
borne freely in summer, one or more to each
stem. Has narrowly oval, finely cut, light
green leaves. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Steenbergii',

H 2ft (60cm), has carmine-lilac flowers.

C. hypoleuca 'John Coutts', illus. p.265.
C. macrocephala (Mountain bluet).
Robust, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer, sturdy stems
bear large, yellow flower heads, within
papery, silvery-brown bracts. Mid-green
leaves are narrowly oval and deeply cut.
Z3-7 H7-1.

C. montana, illus. p.269.

C. moschata. See Amberboa moschata.

C. pulcherrima, illus. p.232.

CENTRADENIA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Tip
prune young plants to promote a bushy
habit; old plants become straggly unless
trimmed each spring. Propagate from early
spring to early summer by seed or by
softwood or greenwood cuttings. If grown
as container plants, propagate annually.

C. floribunda. Evergreen, loosely
rounded, soft-stemmed shrub. H and S to
24in (60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are
prominently veined, glossy, green above,
bluish-green beneath. Large, terminal
clusters of 4-petaled, pink or white flowers
develop from pink buds in late winter and
spring. Z13-15 Hll-10.

CENTRANTHUS

VALERIANACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of late spring- to fall-flowering
perennials. Requires sun. Thrives in an
exposed position and in poor, alkaline soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

C. ruber, illus. p.248.

CENTROPOGON

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of herbaceous or subshrubby,
upright, scrambling or climbing, deciduous
or evergreen perennials, grown for their
tubular flowers and uppermost leaves,
which are sometimes patterned or
variegated. Needs sun or partial shade and
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring.

C. ayavacensis, syn. C. willdenowianus.
Deciduous, trailing perennial. H and S 3ft
(lm). Flexuous, purple stems have rounded
to broadly elliptic, mid-green leaves, to 2in
(5cm) long. Bears tubular, cerise flowers,
2-27dn (5-6cm) long, with reflexed petals,
from early spring to summer. Needs a
sunny position. Protect roots from frost.

C. cordifolius. Herbaceous, weakly
climbing or trailing perennial. H 17zft
(0.5m), S 3—6ft (l-2m). Red stems have
heart-shaped, toothed, gray-green leaves,
to 3in (7.5cm) long, and bear flared, tubular,
cerise flowers, lVan (4cm) long, from late
spring to summer. Requires a sunny
position. Protect roots from frost.

C. ferrugineus. Herbaceous, trailing
perennial. H 172-6ft (0.5-2m), S 3-6ft
(l-2m). Long, wiry, pendent stems bear
narrowly ovate, silver-marked, mid-green
leaves, 27a-5in (6-13cm) long, with
narrowly toothed margins. Flared, tubular,
bright pink flowers, l72-2in (4-5cm) long.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

from summer into fall, are followed by
spherical fruits. Is best in a container.

C. willdenowianus. See C. ayavacensis.

CEPHALARIA

DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE ~

Genus of coarse, summer-flowering
perennials, suitable for large borders and
wild gardens. Prefers sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

C. gigantea, syn. C. tatarica (Giant
scabious. Yellow scabious). Robust,
branching perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft
(1.2m). In early summer, wiry stems bear
pincushionlike heads of primrose-yellow
flowers above lance-shaped, deeply cut,
dark green leaves. Z3-7 H7-1.

C. tatarica. See C. gigantea.

CEPHALOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, columnar,
perennial cacti with 20-30-ribbed,
green stems. Prefers full sun and extremely
well-drained, lime-rich soil. Is prone
to rot if overwatered. Propagate by
seed in spring or summer.

C. senilis , illus. p.479.

CEPHALOPHYLLUM

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, bushy, perennial
succulents with semicylindrical to
cylindrical, green leaves. Flowers are borne
after 1 or 2 years. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

C. alstonii (Red spike). Prostrate,
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 3ft
(lm). Has cylindrical, gray-green leaves, to
3in (7cm) long. Produces daisylike, dark red
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer.
Z12-14 Hll-10.

C. pillansii (Griffith's leadwort). Clump¬
forming, perennial succulent. H 3in (8cm),

S 24in (60cm). Leaves are cylindrical, 272in
(6cm) long, dark green and covered in
darker dots. Short flower stems produce
daisylike, red-centered, yellow flowers,
272in (6cm) across, from spring to fall.
Z13-15 H12-10.

CEPHALOTAXUS

Plum yew

CEPHALOTAXACEAE/TAXACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

C. harringtonii (Plum yew). Bushy,
spreading conifer. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).
Needlelike, flattened leaves are glossy, dark
green, grayish beneath, radiating around
erect shoots. Bears ovoid, fleshy, green
fruits that ripen to brown. Z6-9 H9-3.

CERASTIUM

CAROPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their star-shaped flowers. Some species
are useful as groundcover. Needs sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

C. alpinum (Alpine chickweed). Prostrate
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 16in (40cm). Tiny,
oval, gray leaves cover stems. Flower stems

bear solitary, star-shaped, white flowers,
72in (1cm) wide, throughout summer.
Z3-7 H7-1.

C. tomentosum , illus. p.350.

CERATOPHYLLUM

CERATOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage.

Is suitable for ponds and cold-water
aquariums. Prefers an open, sunny
position, but tolerates shade better than
most submerged plants. Propagation
occurs naturally when scaly young shoots
or winter buds separate from main plants.
Take stem cuttings in growing season.

C. demersum (Hornwort). Deciduous,
perennial, spreading, submerged water
plant that occasionally floats. S indefinite.
Has small, dark green leaves with 3 linear
lobes. Is best suited to a cool-water pool.
Z6-9 H9-6.

CERATOPTERIS

PARKERIACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
perennial, floating water ferns, grown
for their foliage. Is suitable for aquariums.
Prefers a sunny position. Remove fading
fronds regularly. Propagate in summer by
division or by buds that develop on the
leaves.

C. thalictroides (Water fern).
Semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
floating water fern that sometimes roots
and becomes submerged. S indefinite.
Lance-or heart-shaped, soft green fronds
are wavy-edged. Z13-15 Hll-10.

CERATOSTIGMA

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and perennials, grown for
their blue flowers and fall color. Requires a
sunny position and well-drained soil. Cut
out dead wood from shrubs in spring.
Propagate shrubs by softwood cuttings in
summer, perennials by division in spring.

C. grifRthii (Leadwort). Evergreen or
semievergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Spoon-shaped, bristly,
purple-edged, dull green leaves redden in
fall. Clusters of tubular, bright blue flowers,
with spreading petal lobes, are borne in
late summer and fall. Z7-10 H10-7.

C. plumbaginoides , illus. p.346.

C. willmottianum, illus. p.159.

CERCIDIPHYLLUM

CERCIDIPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage and often spectacular fall color. Late
frosts may damage young foliage, but do
not usually cause lasting harm. Requires
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
C. japonicum , illus. p.66.

CERCIS

Redbud

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees with
sometimes shrubby growth, grown for
their foliage and small, pealike flowers.

borne profusely in spring. Requires full
sun and deep, fertile, well-drained soil.
Plant out as young specimens. Resents
transplanting. Propagate species by seed
in fall, cultivars by budding in summer.

C. canadensis (Eastern redbud).
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H and
S 30ft (10m). Heart-shaped, dark green
leaves turn yellow in fall. Pealike flowers
are magenta in bud, opening to pale pink
in mid-spring before leaves emerge. Z4-9
H9-2. 'Forest Pansy' illus. p.84.

C. siliquastrum , illus. p.83.

CEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with
spiny stems, most having 4-10 pronounced
ribs. Cup-shaped flowers usually open at
night. Needs full sun and very well-drained
soil. Propagate in spring by seed or, for
branching species, by stem cuttings.

C. forbesii. See C. hankeanus.

C. hankeanus , syn. C. forbesii , illus. p.488.
C. hildmannianus , syn. C. peruvianus,
illus. p.488. 'Monstrosus' (Honeywort) is
a columnar, perennial cactus. H 15ft (5m),

S 12ft (4m). Swollen, occasionally fan¬
shaped, silvery-blue stems bear golden
spines on 4-8 (or more) uneven ribs. Is
unlikely to flower in cultivation. Zll H12-10.
C. peruvianus of gardens. See C.
hildmannianus.

C. spachianus. See Echinopsis spachiana.

CERINTHE

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials
with somewhat fleshy stems and leaves.
Requires full sun, and dry to moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or
spring.

C. major 'Purpurascens', illus. p.312.

CEROPEGIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of semievergreen, succulent shrubs
and subshrubs, most with slender, climbing
or pendent stems, grown for their unusual
flowers. Needs partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or summer. C. linearis
subsp. woodii is often used as grafting
stock for difficult asclepiads.

C. distincta subsp. haygarthii. See C.
haygarthii.

C. haygarthii , syn. C. distincta subsp.
haygarthii (Orange cestrum).
Semievergreen, climbing, succulent
subshrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S indefinite.
Bears oval or rounded, dark green leaves,
72- * * 3 /4in (l-2cm) long. In summer produces
masses of small, white or pinkish-white
flowers, each with a pitcher-shaped tube,
widening towards the top and then united
at the tip by purplish-spotted petals that
form a short stem ending in 5 "knobs"
edged with fine hairs. The whole resembles
an insect hovering over a flower. Z12-15
H12-10.

C. linearis , syn. C. linearis subsp. woodii,
C. woodii, illus. p.490. subsp. woodii. See
C. linearis.

C. sandersoniae. See C. sandersonii.

C. sandersonii, syn. C. sandersoniae
(Fountain flower. Parachute plant).

CHAENOMELES

Semievergreen, scrambling, succulent
subshrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Leaves
are triangular to oval, fleshy and 3 /4in (2cm)
long. In summer-fall has tubular, green
flowers, 2in (5cm) long, with paler green to
white marks; the petals are flared widely at
tips to form "parachutes". Z12-14 Hll-10.
C. woodii. See C. linearis.

CESTRUM

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and semi-scrambling climbers, grown
for their showy flowers. Foliage has an
unpleasant scent. Requires a sheltered,
sunny position and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Support is needed for scrambling
species. Propagate frost-hardy species
by softwood cuttings in summer, tender
species by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. aurantiacum (Red cestrum). Mainly
evergreen semi-scrambler that remains a
rounded shrub if cut back annually. H and
S to 6ft (2m). Deciduous at low
temperatures. Bears oval, bright green
leaves. Tubular, bright orange flowers are
borne in large, terminal trusses in summer
and may be followed by spherical, white
fruits. Prune annually, cutting out old stems
to near base after flowering. Zll Hll-10.

C. elegans, syn. C. purpureum of gardens,
illus. p.202.

C. 'Newellii', illus. p.203.

C. parqui. Deciduous, open shrub. H and
S 6ft (2m). Large clusters of tubular,
yellowish-green flowers, fragrant at night,
are borne in profusion in summer amid
narrowly lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Z8-11 HI 1-8.

C. purpureum of gardens. See C. elegans.

Ceterach ofRcinarum. See Asplenium
ceterach.

CHAENOMELES

Flowering quince

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous, usually thorny, spring¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their showy
flowers and fragrant fruits, produced in fall

and used for preserves. Prefers sun and
well-drained soil. On wall-trained shrubs
cut back sideshoots after flowering to 2 or

3 buds and shorten shoots growing away
from wall during growing season.
Propagate species by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
Fireblight and, on alkaline soil, chlorosis
are common problems.

C. cathayensis (Common flowering
quince), illus. p.142. Deciduous, spreading,
open shrub with thorns. H and S 10ft (3m)
or more. Produces long, narrow, pointed,
mid-green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, pink-
flushed, white flowers are produced from
early to mid-spring, followed by large, egg-
shaped, yellow-green fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. japonica (Japanese flowering quince).
Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub with
thorns. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, mid¬
green leaves and, in spring, a profusion of
5-petaled, red or orange-red flowers, then
spherical, yellow fruits. Z5-9 H9-1.

C. speciosa. Vigorous, deciduous, bushy

535

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CHAM AEBATI ARIA

shrub with thorns. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m).
Leaves are oval, glossy and dark green.
Clustered, 5-petaled, red flowers are borne
from early to mid-spring, and are followed
by spherical, greenish-yellow fruits. Z5-9
H9-1. 'Moerloosei' illus. p.122. 'Nivalis'
has pure white flowers. 'Simonii', H 3ft
(lm), S 6ft (2m), bears masses of semidouble,
deep red flowers. 'Snow' illus. p.146.

C. x superha 'Etna', is a deciduous,
bushy, dense shrub with thorns. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, dark
green leaves. Bears masses of 5-petaled,
scarlet flowers, with conspicuous, golden-
yellow anthers, in spring, followed by
round, yellow fruits. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Crimson
and Gold' illus. p.193. 'Knap Hill
Scarlet' (Fernbush), H 5ft (1.5m), S 10ft
(3m), produces large, brilliant red flowers.
'Nicoline' illus. p.147. 'Rowallane' illus.
p.147.

CHAMAEBATIARIA

ROSACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its foliage and summer flowers.
Needs a sheltered, sunny position and well-
drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. millefolium. Deciduous, upright, open
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Has finely divided,
aromatic, gray-green leaves. Shallowly cup¬
shaped, white flowers, with yellow stamens,
are borne in terminal, branching panicles
from mid- to late summer. Z4-7 H7-4.

Chamaecereus silvestrii. See

Echinopsis chamaecereus.

CHAMAECYPARIS

False cypress

CUPRESSACEAE

536

(D Contact with the foliage may aggravate
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS.

C. lawsoniana (Lawson false cypress).
Upright, columnar conifer with branches
drooping at tips. H 50-80ft (15-25m),

S 10—12ft (3-4m). Bears flattened sprays of
scalelike, aromatic, dark green leaves and
globular cones, the males brick-red, the
females insignificant and green. Z5-9 H9-5.
'Columnaris' illus. p.103. 'Ellwoodii',

H 10ft (3m), S 5ft (1.5m), is erect with
incurved, blue-gray leaves. 'Fletcheri',

H 15-40ft (5-12m), S 6-10ft (2-3m), has gray
leaves that are incurved. 'Gnome', H and
S 20in (50cm), is a dwarf, bun-shaped form
with blue foliage. 'Green Pillar' illus.
p.102. 'Intertexta' illus. p.96.
'Kilmacurragh', H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 3ft
(lm), has very bright green foliage. 'Lanei
Aurea', illus. p.102. 'Minima', H and S 3ft
(lm), is dwarf and globular, and has light
green foliage. 'Pembury Blue' illus. p.99.
'Tamariscifolia', syn. C. lawsoniana
Tamariscifolia Group, H 10ft (3m), S 12ft
(4m), is a dwarf, spreading form.
Tamariscifolia Group. See C. lawsoniana
'Tamariscifolia'. "Triornf van Boskoop',

H 70ft (20m), is broadly columnar, with
gray-blue foliage. 'Wisselii', H 50ft (15m),

S 6-10ft (2-3m), is fast-growing, with erect
branches and blue-green leaves.

C. nootkatensis (Alaska cedar, Nootka
false cypress). Almost geometrically conical
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 20ft (6m). Bears
long, pendent sprays of scalelike, aromatic,
gray-green leaves and globular, hooked.

dark blue and green cones that ripen to
brown. Z4-7 H9-1. 'Pendula' has a gaunt
crown of arching, weeping foliage.

C. obtusa (Hinoki false cypress). Conical
conifer. H 50-70ft (15-20m), S 15ft (5m).

Has stringy, red-brown bark and scalelike,
aromatic, dark green leaves with bright
silver lines at sides and incurving tips.
Small, rounded cones ripen to yellow-
brown. Z4-8 H8-1. 'CoraUiformis',

H to 20in (50cm), S 3ft (lm), is dwarf, with
threadlike shoots. 'Crippsii' illus. p.104.
'Intermedia', H to 12in (30cm), S 16in
(40cm), is a globular, open, dwarf shrub
with downward-spreading, light green
foliage. 'Kosteri', H 3—6ft (l-2m), S 6—10ft
(2-3m), forms a sprawling bush with
twisted, lustrous foliage. Is extremely slow-
growing. 'Nana' eventual H 3ft (lm),

S 5—6ft (1.5-2m), makes a flat-topped bush.
'Nana Aurea', H and S 6ft (2m), has
golden-yellow leaves. 'Nana Gracilis'
(illus. p.105), H 6ft (2m), S 5-6ft (1.5-2m),
has glossy foliage. 'Tetragona Aurea',

H 30ft (10m), S 6-10ft (2-3m), produces
golden- or bronze-yellow leaves.

C. pisifera (Sawara false cypress). Conical
conifer with horizontal branches. H 50ft
(15m), S 15ft (5m). Has ridged, peeling, red-
brown bark, scalelike, aromatic, fresh
green leaves, white at sides and beneath,
and angular, yellow-brown cones. Z4-8
H8-1. 'Boulevard' has silver-blue foliage.
'Filifera' has whiplike, hanging shoots
and dark green foliage. 'Filifera Aurea'
(illus. p.105), H 40ft (12m), S 10-15ft (3-5m),
also has whiplike shoots, but with golden-
yellow leaves. 'Filifera Nana', H 2ft
(60cm), S 3ft (lm), is a dwarf form with
whiplike branches. 'Nana', H and S 20in
(50cm), is also dwarf, with dark bluish-
green foliage. 'Plumosa' is broadly conical
to columnar, with yellowish-gray-green
leaves. 'Plumosa Rogersii', H 6ft (2m),

S 3ft (lm), has yellow foliage. Slow-
growing 'Squarrosa', H to 70ft (20m), has
a broad crown and soft, blue-gray foliage.
C. thyoides, illus. p.101. 'Andelyensis'
is a slow-growing, conical, dwarf conifer.

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has wedge-shaped
tufts of scalelike, aromatic, blue-green
leaves. Globular cones are glaucous blue-
gray.

CHAMAECYTISUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen and deciduous trees,
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for pealike
flowers. Best in full sun and moderately
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in fall or spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

C. albus, syn. Cytisus albua, Cytisus
leucanthus. Deciduous, spreading shrub.

H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm). Has oval leaves,
each with 3 tiny leaflets and, from early to
mid-summer, creamy-white flowers borne
in dense clusters. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. demissus, syn. C. hirsutus var.
demissus , Cytisus demissus. Slow-growing,
deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 3in (8cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm). Densely hairy stems
bear tiny, bright green leaves with
3-palmate, obovate leaflets. Produces
axillary clusters of 2-4 bright yellow
flowers, each with a brown keel, in early
summer. Is good for a rock garden or
trough. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. hirsutus var. demissus. See C.

demissus.

C. purpureus, syn. Cytisus purpureus
(Purple broom). Deciduous, arching shrub.
H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Semierect
stems are clothed with leaves of 3-palmate,
obovate leaflets. Clusters of 2-3 pale lilac to
purple flowers are produced in early
summer on previous year's wood. Is
suitable for a bank or sunny border. Z6-9
H9-6. f. albus illus. p.337.

C. supinus, syn. Cytisus supinus.
Deciduous, bushy, rounded shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Dense, terminal heads of large,
yellow flowers are borne from mid-summer
to fall amid gray-green leaves with
3-palmate, oblong-elliptic leaflets. Z5-9
H9-5.

CHAMAEDAPHNE

ERICACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
grown for its white flowers. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
C. calyculata (Leatherleaf). Evergreen,
arching, open shrub. H 2V2ft (75cm), S 3ft
(lm). Leaves are small, oblong, leathery
and dark green. Leafy racemes of small,
urn-shaped flowers are borne on slender
branches in mid- to late spring. Z3-6 H6-1.

CHAMAEDOREA

ARECACEAE/PALMAE

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
overall appearance. Needs full or partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately, less when
temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in
spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red
spider mite may be troublesome.

C. elegans, syn. Neanthe bella, illus. p.458.

CHAMAEMELUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, suitable
as groundcover or for a lawn. Flowers may
be used to make tea. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall.

C. nobile, syn. Anthemis nobilis
(Chamomile). Evergreen, mat-forming,
invasive perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has finely divided, aromatic leaves
and daisylike, white flower heads, with
yellow centers, borne in late spring or
summer. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Treneague' is a
non-flowering, less invasive cultivar that,
requiring less mowing, is better for a lawn.

Chamaenerion. See Epilobium.
Chamaepericlymenum canadense. See

Cornus canadensis.

CHAMAEROPS

ARECACEAE/PALMAE

Genus of evergreen palms, cultivated for
their overall appearance. Needs full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately, less when not
in full growth. Propagate by seed in spring
at not less than 72°F (22°C) or by suckers in
late spring. Red spider mite may be a
nuisance.

C. humilis, illus. p.165.

Chamaespartium sagittate. See

Genista sagittalis.

Chamaespartium sagittate subsp.
delphinense. See Genista delphinensis.

CHAMELAUCIUM

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Requires
full sun and well-drained, sandy, neutral to
acidic soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in growth, sparingly at
other times. To maintain a more compact
habit, cut back flowered stems by half
when the last bloom falls. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

C. uncinatum [white], illus. p.453; [pink],
illus. p.454.

CHASMANTHE

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of corms, grown for their showy
flowers. Needs a site in full sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil, with plenty of
water in late winter and early spring.
Reduce watering in summer-fall. Propagate
by division in fall.

C. aethiopica. Spring- and early
summer-flowering corm. H to 32in
(80cm), S 5-7in (12-18cm). Has narrowly
sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves in a flat
fan. Produces a spike of scarlet flowers,
all facing one way, with yellow tubes, 2-
272in (5-6cm) long, and hooded, upper
lips. Z8-10 H10-8.

C. floribunda (Wild oats). Summer¬
flowering corm. H to 32in (80cm),

S 5-7in (12-18cm). Is similar to C.
aethiopica , but the leaves are much wider,
and the longer, orange or scarlet
flowers do not all face the same way.
Z9-10 H10-9.

CHASMANTHIUM

GRAM INAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. latifolium , illus. p.288.

CHEILANTHES

ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen ferns. Needs full
sun and rich, well-drained soil. Do not
overwater container plants or splash
water on fronds. Remove fading foliage
regularly. Propagate by spores
in summer.

C. lanosa of gardens. See C. tomentosa.

C. tomentosa , syn. C. lanosa. Evergreen
fern. H and S 6-9in (15-23cm). Leaves are
triangular or lance-shaped and have much
divided, soft green fronds on hairy, black
stems. Z6-9 H9-6.

Cheiranthus 'Bowles' Mauve'. See

Erysimum 'Bowles's Mauve'.

Cheiranthus 'Bredon'. See Erysimum
'Bredon'.

Cheiranthus cheiri. See Erysimum cheiri.
Cheiranthus cheiri 'Harpur Crewe'.

See Erysimum x kewense 'Harpur Crewe'.

Cheiranthus 'Moonlight'. See Erysimum
'Moonlight'.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CHEIRIDOPSIS

A1ZOACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents with pairs of semicylindrical
leaves. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Water in fall to encourage flowers.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

C. candidissima. See C. denticulata.

C. denticulata, syn. C. candidissima.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 4in
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has semicylindrical,
slender, fleshy, blue-gray leaves, each with
a flat top, joined in pairs for almost half
their length. Bears daisylike, shiny,
white flowers, to 2V2in (6cm) across,
in spring. Z9-11 HI 1-10.

C. purpurata. See C. purpurea.

C. purpurea, syn. C. purpurata.
Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 4in
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has semicylindrical,
thick, short, glaucous green leaves, each
with a flat top. In early spring produces
daisylike, purple-pink flowers, lVdn
(4cm) across. Z13-15 Hll-10.

CHELIDONIUM

Greater celandine

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of one species of perennial that
rapidly forms groundcover. Grows in sun
or shade and in any but very wet soil.
Propagate by seed or division in fall.

® Contact with the sap may cause skin
blisters.

C. majus 'Flore Pleno', illus. p.227.

CHELONE

Turtlehead

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE^

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist
soil. Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in
summer or by division or seed in fall or
spring.

C. barbata. See Penstemon barbatus.

C. obliqua, illus. p.438.

CHIASTOPHYLLUM

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen
perennial, grown for its succulent leaves
and sprays of small, yellow flowers. Thrives
in rock crevices. Needs shade and well-
drained soil that is not too dry. Propagate
by sideshoot cuttings in early summer or
by seed in fall.

C. oppositifolium, syn. Cotyledon
simplicifolia, illus. p.335.

CHIMONANTHUS

CALYCANTHACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, winter¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
At limits of hardiness reduce susceptibility
of flowers to frost by training plants
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed when ripe, in
late spring and early summer, cultivars by
softwood cuttings in summer.

C. fragrans. See C. praecox. var. luteus.
See C. praecox 'Luteus'.

C. praecox, syn. C. fragrans, illus. p.144.

var. concolor. See C. praecox 'Luteus'.
'Luteus', syn. C. var. luteus, C. praecox
var. concolor, C. praecox 'Concolor' has
pure yellow flowers.

CHIMONOBAMBUSA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. timidissinoda, illus. p.287.

CHIONANTHUS

Fringetree

OLEACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their profuse, white flowers. Flowers
more freely in areas with hot summers.
Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained
but not too dry soil. Propagate by seed in
faU.

C. retusus (Chinese fringe tree).
Deciduous, often treelike, arching shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). From early to mid¬
summer, star-shaped, pure white flowers
are produced in large clusters amid oval,
bright green leaves. Z5-9 H9-3.

C. virginicus, illus. p.112.

CHIONOCHLOA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. conspicua (Hunangemoho grass).
Evergreen, tussock-forming, perennial
grass. H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Very
long, mid-green leaves are tinged reddish-
brown. Has sturdy, arching stems with
long, loose, open panicles of cream
spikelets in summer. Z7-10 H10-7.

C. rubra, illus. p.285.

CHIONODOXA

Glory-of-the-snow

LI LI ACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, related
to Scilla. Is suitable for rock gardens
and for naturalizing under shrubs, in
sun or partial shade. Requires well-
drained soil, top-dressed with leaf mold
or mature garden compost in fall.
Propagate by seed in fall or by division
in late summer or fall.

C. forbesii, syn. C. luciliae, C. siehei,

C. tmolusii, illus. p.419.

C. gigantea. See C. luciliae.

C. luciliae, syn. C. gigantea, illus. p.420.

C. luciliae of gardens. See C. forbesii.

C. 'Pink Giant', illus. p.416.

C. sardensis. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 4-8in (10-20cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).
Has 2 narrowly lance-shaped, semierect,
basal leaves. Leafless stem has 4-15 flattish,
slightly pendent or outward-facing, deep
rich blue flowers, Vs-Win (1.5-2cm) across
and with, or without an indistinct, white
eye. Z3-9 H9-1.

C. siehei. See C. forbesii.

C. tmolusii. See C. forbesii.

x CHIONOSCILLA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Chionodoxa x Scilla ) of
spring-flowering bulbs, suitable for rock
gardens. Needs full sun or partial shade

and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in late summer or fall,
x C. allenii, illus. p.419.

CHI RITA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials or
subshrubs, grown for their flowers.
Requires well-drained soil, a fairly humid
atmosphere and a light position out of
direct sunlight. Propagate by tip cuttings in
summer or, if available, seed in late winter
or spring.

C. lavandulacea, illus. p.473.

C. sinensis. Evergreen, stemless,
rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S lOin
(25cm) or more. Has oval, almost fleshy
leaves, the corrugated, hairy surfaces
usually patterned with silver marks.

In spring-summer, clusters of tubular,
lavender flowers are held above leaves.
Z14-15 Hll-10.

CHLIDANTHUS

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
bulb, grown for its showy, funnel-shaped
flowers. Needs a sunny site and well-
drained soil. Plant in the open in spring.
After flowering, if necessary, lift and dry
off for winter. Propagate by offsets in
spring.

C. fragrans, illus. p.424.

CHLOROGALUM

LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
more for botanical interest than for floral
display. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

C. pomeridianum. Summer-flowering
bulb. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Semierect, basal leaves are long, narrow
and gray-green, with wavy margins.
Produces a large, loosely branched head of
small, saucer-shaped, white flowers, with a
central, green or purple stripe on each
petal, that open after midday.

CHLOROPHYTUM

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen, stemless perennials
with short rhizomes, grown for their
foliage. Grow in a light position, away from
direct sun, in fertile, well-drained soil.
Water freely in growing season but
sparingly at other times if container-grown.
Propagate by seed, division or plantlets
(produced on flower stems of some species)
at any time except winter.

C. capense. Evergreen, tufted perennial.
H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Forms
rosettes of lance- or strap-shaped, bright
green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Tiny,
white flowers in racemes, to 24in (60cm)
long, are borne in summer. Does not
produce plantlets. Z13-15 Hll-10.

C. capense of gardens. See C. comosum.

C. comosum, syn. C. capense (Spider
plant). Evergreen, tufted perennial. H 12in
(30cm), S indefinite. Very narrow leaves,
to 18in (45cm) long, spread from a
rosette. Racemes of many small, star¬
shaped, white flowers are produced on
thin stems, 24in (60cm) or more long, at

CHRYSANTHEMUM

any time. Small rosettes of leaves may
appear on flower stems, forming
plantlets. Z13-15 Hll-10.

'Vittatum' illus. p.465.

CHOISYA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in late summer.

C. 'Aztec Pearl', illus. p.122.

C. ternata, illus. p.122. Sundance ('Lich')
illus. p.148.

Chordospartium stevensonii. See

Carmichaelia stevensonii.

CHORISIA

Floss silk tree

BOM BACACEAE/M ALVACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, usually with
spine-covered trunks, grown mainly for
their flowers in fall and winter and their
overall appearance. Needs full light and
well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth, very
little when leafless. Pruning is tolerated if
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring.
Red spider mite may be troublesome.

C. speciosa, syn. Ceiba speciosa, illus.
p.450.

CHORIZEMA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen subshrubs, shrubs and
scandent climbers, grown mainly for their
flowers. Requires full light and rich, well-
drained, sandy soil, preferably neutral to
acidic. Water container plants moderately,
less when not in full growth. Tie climbers to
supports, or grow in hanging baskets.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. ilicifolium, illus. p.454.

Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. See

Dypsis lutescens.

CHRYSANTHEMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials, some of
which are evergreen, and evergreen
subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Each
flower head is referred to horticulturally as
a flower, even though it does in fact
comprise a large number of individual
flowers or florets; this horticultural usage
has been followed in the descriptions
below. Leaves are usually deeply lobed or
cut, often feathery, oval to lance-shaped.
Florists' chrysanthemums (nowadays
considered to belong to the genus
Dendranthema ) comprise the vast majority
of chrysanthemums now cultivated and are
perennials grown for garden decoration,
cutting and exhibition. Florists'
chrysanthemums (and the other
chrysanthemums treated here) generally
perform well in Z5-9 H9-5; for extra
protection, crowns should be lifted and
stored in a frost-free place over winter.
Needs a sunny site and reasonably fertile,
well-drained soil. If grown for exhibition,
requires regular feeding. Pinch out
growing tips to encourage lateral growths

537

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CHRYSANTHEMUM

on which flowers will be borne, and stake
tall plants with canes. Propagate annuals
by seed sown in position in spring; thin
out, but do not transplant. Propagate hardy
perennials by division in fall, after
flowering, or in early spring. Florists'
chrysanthemums should be propagated
from basal softwood cuttings in spring.
Spray regularly to control aphids, capsids,
froghoppers, earwigs, mildew and white
rust.

Florists' chrysanthemums

Florists' chrysanthemums are grouped
according to their widely varying flower
forms, approximate flowering season
(early, mid- or late fall) and habit. They are
divided into disbudded and non-disbudded
types. For descriptions and illustrations of
flower forms, see feature panel pp.252-3.
Disbudded types—single, anemone-
centered, incurved, intermediate and
reflexed—are so called because all buds,
except the one that is to flower, are
removed from each stem. To produce
exhibition flowers, incurved, intermediate
and reflexed chrysanthemums may be
restricted to only 2 blooms per plant by
removing all except the 2 most vigorous
lateral growths. In gardens, allow 4 or 5
blooms per plant to develop. Single and
anemone-centered flowers should be
reduced to 4-8 blooms per plant for
exhibition, according to their vigor, and 10
or more for garden decoration or cutting.
Non-disbudded types—charm, pompom
and spray chrysanthemums—have several
flowers per stem.

Charm chrysanthemums are dwarf plants
that produce hundreds of star-shaped,
single flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, densely
covering each plant to form a
hemispherical to almost spherical head.

For exhibition, finish growing in at least
12in (30cm) pots. Plants for indoor
decoration are grown in smaller pots and
have correspondingly smaller, though
equally dense, heads of blooms.

Pompom chrysanthemums are also dwarf.
Each plant has 50 or more dense, spherical
or occasionally hemispherical, fully double
flowers that have tubular petals (for
illustrations see p.252). They are excellent
for growing in borders.

Semi-pompom chrysanthemums,
sometimes called Japanese pompom, have
similar flowers to those of the pompom but
as they mature the yellow centers are
revealed.

Spray chrysanthemums have a variety of
flower forms: single, anemone-centered,
intermediate, reflexed, pompom, spoon¬
shaped (in which each straight, tubular
floret opens out like a spoon at its tip),
quill-shaped and spider-form. Each plant
should be allowed to develop 4 or 5 stems
with at least 5 flowers per stem. Grow 1
ate-flowering sprays on up to 3 stems
per plant. With controlled day length, to
regulate flowering dates for exhibition
purposes, late sprays should be allowed
to develop at least 12 flowers per stem;
without day length control, 6 or 7 flowers
per stem.

538

Korean Group chrysanthemums

Korean Group chrysanthemums have a
variety of flower forms: anemone-centered,
pompom, reflexed, single, intermediate,
spider, quill and spoon. All are derived
from plants originally developed in

Connecticut in the 1930s and the prime
quality, which they all have in common, is
their dependable hardiness: they can be left
in the ground all winter without protection.
They are ideal for general garden use, in
fact they require little special treatment
other than good winter drainage; their
hardiness can be compromised if grown in
poorly drained soil. Some are usefully late
in coming into flower; some need support
while others are short and bushy. The taller
types make good cut flowers.

Those most suitable for garden decoration
are sprays, pompoms and early reflexed
chrysanthemums. All are suitable for
cutting, except for charms. Late-flowering
chrysanthemums are suitable for growing
only under glass as flowers need protection
from poor weather; they should be grown
in pots and placed in a greenhouse in early
fall, when the flower buds have developed.
Intermediate cultivars are also less suitable
for garden decoration as florets may collect
and retain rain and thus become damaged.
Those cultivars suitable for exhibition are
noted below. Measurements of flowers
given are the greatest normally achieved
and may vary considerably depending on
growing conditions.

C. 'Alison Kirk'. Incurved florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1—2ft
(30-60cm). Produces white flowers, to
5-6in (12-15cm) across, in early fall. Is
more suitable for exhibition than for
garden use.

C. alpinum. See Leucanthemopsis alpina.
C. 'Amber Yvonne Arnaud'.

Reflexed florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Is a sport of
C. 'Yvonne Arnaud' with fully reflexed,
amber flowers in early fall.

C. 'Anastasia', illus. p.253. Semi-pompom
chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has flat-topped, dark purplish-pink
flowers, lTdn (3cm) across, with yellow
centers, in mid-fall.

C. 'Apollo', illus. p.253. Korean Group
chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm), S 30in
(75cm). Single, bronze-red flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, with petals of uneven length,
open from dark red buds in late fall.

C. 'Aunt Millicent', illus. p.252. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Produces abundant, single,
silvery-pink flowers, lV 2 in (4cm) across,
each with a pale zone around the yellow
center, in mid-fall. Has rather large leaves.
C. 'Autumn Days'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 372-4ft (1.1-1.2m),

S to 272ft (75cm). Bears loosely incurving,
bronze flowers, 5in (12cm) across, in early
fall.

C. 'Beacon'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears red, sometimes bronze, flowers, to
7in (18cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for
exhibition.

C. 'Bill Wade'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472ft (1.35m), S 2ft
(60cm). Loosely incurving, white flowers,
7-8in (18-20cm) across, are borne in early
fall. Is more suitable for exhibition than for
garden use.

C. 'Brietner'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 372-4ft (1.1-1.2m),

S 272ft (75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers,
to 5in (12cm) wide, are borne in early fall.

C. 'Bronze Elegance', illus. p.253.
Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H 24in

(60cm), S 20in (50cm). Light bronze flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, with yellow centers, are
borne on small-leaved plants in mid-fall.

C. 'Bronze Fairie'. Pompon florists'
chrysanthemum. H 1—2ft (30-60cm), S 2ft
(60cm). Has bronze flowers, HAin (4cm)
across, in early fall.

C. 'Bronze Hedgerow'. Single florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272-3ft
(75cm-lm). Produces bronze flowers, 5in
(12cm) across, in late fall.

C. 'Bronze Yvonne Arnaud'. Reflexed
florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Is a sport of C. 'Yvonne
Arnaud' with fully reflexed, bronze flowers
in early fall.

C. 'Buff Margaret'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 272ft
(75cm). Has reflexed, pale bronze flowers,
to 372in (9cm) wide, in early fall.

C. carinatum. See Ismelia carinata.

C. 'Carmine Blush', illus. p.253.

Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces single,
clear rose-pink flowers, HAin (4cm) across,
each with a greenish-yellow center, from
mid-fall to early winter.

C. 'Chelsea Physic Garden', illus. p.253.
Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 45in
(115cm), S 36in (90cm). In late fall bears
double, bronze flowers, 272in (6cm) across,
with yellow-petaled undersides.

C. 'Chesapeake', illus. p.252. Spider-form
florists' chrysanthemum. H 48in (1.2m),

S 20in (50cm). Quill-shaped, white flowers,
to 8in (20cm) across, are borne in fall when
disbudded.

C. 'Chessington'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 6—7ft (2-2.2m), S 272ft
(75cm). Produces fairly tightly incurving,
white flowers, 7-8in (18-20cm) across, in
early fall. Is more suitable for exhibition
than for garden use.

C. 'Christina'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472-5ft (1.35-1.5m),

S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Bears loosely
incurving, white flowers, to 572in (14cm)
wide, in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition.
C. 'Claire Louise'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4-472ft (1.2-1.35m),

S 272ft (75cm). Produces fully reflexed,
bronze flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, in
early fall. Is ideal for exhibition.

C. 'Clara Curtis', illus. p.247.

C. coccineum. See Tanacetum coccineum.
C. coronarium. See Xanthophthalmum
coronarium.

C. 'Cottage Apricot', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Single, bright orange
flowers, 272in (6cm) across, each with a
narrow yellow ring around the yellow
center, are borne in mid-fall.

C. densum. See Tanacetum densum subsp.
amani.

C. 'Doctor Tom Parr', illus. p.253.
Semi-pompon chrysanthemum. H and
S 18in (45cm). Rather flat, rose-madder
flowers, lYdn (3cm) across, with gold
flashes fading to beige, are produced in
mid-fall. Is a darker sport of C. 'Anastasia'.
C. 'Duchess of Edinburgh', illus. p.253.
Korean Group chrysanthemum. H and
S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-fall bears
semidouble, rich coppery-red flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, with yellow centers, some
with tufts of petals in the center. Z4-8 H8-4.
C. 'Elsie Prosser'. Fully reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472-5ft (1.3-1.5m), S 1ft

(30cm). Bears pink flowers, lOin (25cm)
wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Emperor of China', illus. p.252.
Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Double, silvery pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with quilled
petals, are borne in late fall above red-
tinted leaves.

C. 'Enbee Wedding', illus. p.252. Spray
florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 272ft (75cm). Has single, light pink
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall.

Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Fairweather'. Incurved florists'
chrysanthemum. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears pale purplish-pink flowers,
572in (14cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for
exhibition.

C. 'Fiona Lynn'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272ft
(75cm). Fully reflexed, pink flowers, to
7-8in (18-20cm) across, are produced in
early fall. Is ideal for exhibition.

C. frutescens. See Argyranthemum
frutescens. 'Jamaica Primrose'. See
Argyranthemum 'Jamaica Primrose'.

'Mary Wootton'. See Argyranthemum
'Mary Wootton'.

C. 'George Griffiths', illus. p.253.
Reflexed florists' chrysanthemum. H 4-^PAft
(1.2-1.35m), S 27 2 ft (75cm). Produces fully
reflexed, deep red flowers, to 572in (14cm)
wide, in early fall. Is excellent for
exhibition.

C. 'Gigantic'. Tightly incurved or loosely
reflexed florists' chrysanthemum, its form
depending on the amount of warmth
provided. H 472ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
salmon-pink flowers, 10-1 lin (25-27cm)
wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Ginger Nut'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Bears tightly incurving, light
bronze flowers, to 572in (14cm) across,
occasionally closing at top to form a true
incurved flower, in early fall. Is good for
exhibition.

C. 'Golden Chalice', illus. p.253. Charm
florists' chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (lm).
Bears single, yellow flowers, lin (2.5cm)
wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Golden Gigantic'. Tightly incurved
or loosely reflexed florists' chrysanthemum.
H 472ft (1.3m), S 1ft (30cm). Produces large,
gold flowers, 10-1 lin (25-27cm) wide, in
late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Golden Woolman's Glory'. Single
florists' chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
(lm). Golden flowers, to 7in (18cm) across,
are borne in late fall. Is excellent for
exhibition.

C. 'Grandchild', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 18in (45cm),

S 16in (40cm). Has double, bright mauve
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in early fall.

C. 'Green Satin'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces loosely incurving, green flowers,
to 5in (12cm) wide, in late fall.

C. haradjanii. See Tanacetum haradjanii.

C. hosmariense. See Rhodanthemum
hosmariense.

C. 'Idris'. Incurved florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472ft (1.3m), S HAft
(45cm). Has salmon-pink flowers, 8-10in
(21-25cm) wide, in late fall.

C. 'Innocence', illus. p.252. Rubellum
Group chrysanthemum. H 32in (80cm),

S 20in (50cm). Single, palest pink flowers.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

272in (6cm) across, with several layers of
petals and a narrow, white ring round the
green-centered, yellow disc, are produced
in mid- and late fall over red-tinted leaves.
C. 'John Wingfield'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 172-2ft
(45-60cm). Produces white, often pink-
flushed, flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, in late
fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Keith Luxford'. Incurved florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 172ft
(45cm). Bears pink flowers, 8-10in
(21-25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good
for exhibition.

C. 'Lemon Rynoon'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30-39in
(75-100cm). Has single, yellow-centered
flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in pale
lemon-yellow fading to white, in late fall.

C. 'Lundy'. Fully reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 172ft
(45cm). Bears white flowers, 8-10in
(21-25cm) wide, often broader than they
are deep, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.
C. 'Madeleine'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 272ft
(75cm). Has reflexed, pink flowers, to 3in
(8cm) across, in early fall. Is good for
exhibition.

C. 'Majestic'. Fully reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472ft (1.3m), S 172ft
(45cm). Has light bronze flowers, 8-10in
(21-25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good for
exhibition.

C. 'Maria'. Pompom florists'
chrysanthemum. H 172ft (45cm), S 1—2ft
(30-60cm). Bears masses of pink flowers,
to I72in (4cm) across, in early fall.

C. 'Marian Gosling'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4-472ft (1.2-1.35m),

S 2ft (60cm). Fully reflexed, pale pink
flowers, to 572in (14cm) wide, are produced
in early fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Marion'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 272ft
(75cm). Produces reflexed, pale yellow
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, from late
summer.

C. 'Mary Stoker', illus. p.253. Rubellum
Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (100cm),

S 36in (90cm). Bears slightly ragged-
looking, single, creamy-apricot flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, each with a domed, yellow
center, in mid-fall. Tends to run at the roots.
Z4-8 H8-4.

C. 'Mason's Bronze'. Single florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472-5ft (1.35-1.5m), S to
3ft (lm). Has bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm)
wide, in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition.
C. maximum of gardens. See
Leucanthemum x superbum.

C. 'Mei-kyo'. Semi-pompom
chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In
mid- and late fall produces pale mauve
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, each with a
small, yellow center and with new petals in
the center a darker shade. Has small leaves.
C. 'Mrs. Jessie Cooper', illus. p.253.
Rubellum Group chrysanthemum. H 36in
(90cm), S 24in (60cm). Single, vivid cerise-
pink, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, each with
a slender, white ring around the domed,
yellow center, are borne in mid- and late
fall above broad, dark green leaves.

C. 'Myss Saffron'. Spray
chrysanthemum. H 34in (85cm), S 30in
(75cm). In late summer and early fall bears
erect sprays of double, yellow flowers,

272in (6cm) across, fading to cream.

CHUSQUEA

C. 'Nancye Furneaux'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 172ft
(45cm). Has yellow flowers, 8-1 Oin
(21-25cm) wide, in late fall. Is good
for exhibition.

C. 'Nantyderry Sunshine', illus. p.253.
Semi-pompom chrysanthemum. H and
S 20in (50cm). Bright yellow flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, each with a small, yellow
center, are borne in mid- to late fall. May
occasionally revert to the pink of C. 'Mei-
kyo'.

C. 'Nell Gwynn', illus. p.252. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Single, rose-pink flowers,
2 3 /4in (6.5cm) across, each with a primrose-
yellow ring around the yellow center, are
produced in late summer and early fall
above broad, mid-green leaves.

C. 'Oracle'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-2 x /zft (60—
75cm). Produces loosely incurving, pale
bronze flowers, to 5in (12cm) wide, in early
fall. Is useful for exhibition.

C. parthenium. See Tanacetum
parthenium.

C. 'Paul Boissier', illus. p.253. Rubellum
Group chrysanthemum. H 39in (lm), S 30in
(75cm). Has semidouble, orange-bronze
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with sharp-
pointed petals, in mid- to late fall.

C. 'Peach Brietner'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 372-4ft (1.1-1.2m),

S 272ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. 'Brietner'
with fully reflexed, peach-colored flowers.
C. 'Pennine Alfie'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Spoon-shaped, pale bronze
flowers, to 272-3in (6-8cm) wide, are borne
in early fall. Is suitable for exhibition. Z4-9
H9-1.

C. 'Pennine Flute'. Quill-shaped florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Is similar to C. 'Pennine Alfie',
but has pink flowers.

C. 'Pennine Oriel', illus. p.252.

Spray florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Anemone-
centered, white flowers, to 9cm (3V2in)
across, are produced in early fall. Is very
good for exhibition.

C. 'Perry's Peach', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 20in (50cm),

S 16in (40cm). Single, peach-pink flowers,
2in (5cm) across, each with a narrow,
cream band round the golden-yellow
center, are produced in mid-fall over red-
tinted leaves.

C. 'Peterkin'. Semi-pompom
chrysanthemum. H and S 20in (50cm). In
mid- and late fall bears golden-yellow
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, with each petal
tipped in rusty-orange, becoming paler
with age, and with a small, yellow center.
Has small leaves.

C. 'Peter Rowe'. Incurved florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472ft (1.35m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Produces yellow flowers, to
572in (14cm) across, in early fall. Is ideal for
exhibition.

C. 'Primrose Fairweather'. Incurved
florists' chrysanthemum. H 3-372ft
(1-1.lm), S to 272ft (75cm). Produces pale
yellow flowers, to 572-6in (14-15cm) wide,
in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Primrose John Hughes'. Perfectly
incurved florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2-27 2 ft (60-75cm). Bears
primrose-yellow flowers, 5-572in (12-14cm)

wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Primrose West Bromwich'.

Reflexed florists' chrysanthemum. H 7ft
(2.2m), S 172-2ft (45-60cm). Fully reflexed,
pale yellow flowers, to 7in (18cm) or more
wide, are borne in mid-fall. Use only for
exhibition.

C. 'Purieigh White', illus. p.252. Semi¬
pompom chrysanthemum. H and S 20in
(50cm). In mid- and late fall bears white
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, slightly blushed
in pink, each with a small, yellow center.
Has small leaves.

C. 'Purple Pennine Wine'. Spray
florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Bears reflexed,
purplish-red flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in
early fall. Is very good for exhibition.

C. 'Ringdove'. Charm florists'
chrysanthemum. H and S 3ft (lm). Has
masses of pink flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
in late fall. Is excellent for exhibition.

C. 'Robeam'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272-3ft
(75-100cm). Produces reflexed, yellow
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in late fall. Is
good for exhibition.

C. 'Rose Yvonne Arnaud'. Reflexed
florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Is a sport of C. 'Yvonne
Arnaud', producing fully reflexed, red
flowers in early fall. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Roy Coopland'. Intermediate to
loosely incurved florists' chrysanthemum.

H 47 2 ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
bronze flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, in late fall.
Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Ruby Mound', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm),

S 32in (80cm). Prolific, fully double, rich
deep maroon flowers, 272in (6cm) across,
are borne in mid- and late fall.

C. 'Rumpelstilzchen', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm),

S 20in (50cm). Single, rich red flowers,

172in (4cm) across, with several layers of
petals and a narrow, yellow ring around
the yellow center, are produced in early fall.
Dislikes wet soil in winter.

C. 'Rytorch'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 30-39in
(75-100cm). Produces single, light bronze,
yellow-centered flower heads, to 3in (8cm)
across, in late fall.

C. 'Salmon Fairie'. Pompom florists'
chrysanthemum. H 1—2ft (30-60cm), S 2ft
(60cm). Is similar to C. 'Bronze Fairie', but
has salmon flowers.

C. 'Salmon Margaret'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S to 272ft
(75cm). Is similar to C. 'Buff Margaret', but
has salmon flowers.

C. 'Sea Urchin', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 24in (60cm),

S 20in (50cm). Produces spider-form, fully
double, lemon-yellow flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, in early and mid-fall. Dislikes winter
wet.

C. segetum. See Xanthophthalmum
segetum.

C. 'Senkyo Emiaki'. Spider-form florists'
chrysanthemum. H 1—2ft (30-60cm), S to 2ft
(60cm). Bears light pink flowers, 6in (15cm)
wide, in early fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. serotinum. See Leucanthemella
serotina.

C. 'Spartan Seagull', illus. p.252. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm). Slightly ruffled, single, white

flowers, 3in (7cm) across, are borne in early
fall. Has dark green leaves.

C. x superbum. See Leucanthemum x
superbum.

C. 'Talbot Jo'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 472ft (1.3m), S 30in
(75cm). Bears single, yellow-centered, pink
flower heads, 3in (8cm) across, in early fall.
Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Tapestry Rose', illus. p.253. Korean
Group chrysanthemum. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm). Slightly messy, rich rose-
pink flowers, I72in (4cm) across, with
green-centered, yellow discs, are produced
in mid-fall.

C. tricolor. See Ismelia carmata.

C. ulignosum. See Leucanthemella
serotina.

C. 'Venice'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Reflexed, pink flowers, to 6in
(15cm) wide, are produced in early fall. Is
good for exhibition.

C. 'Wendy'. Spray florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Produces reflexed, pale bronze
flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide, in early fall. Is
excellent for exhibition. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. weyrichii. Mat-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). In
fall bears single, yellow-centered, pink or
white flowers, 5cm (2in) across. Z5-9 H9-5.
C. 'Woking Rose'. Intermediate florists'
chrysanthemum. H 5ft (1.5m), S 172ft
(45cm). Has rose-pink flowers, to 8in (21cm)
wide, in late fall. Is good for exhibition.

C. 'Yellow Brietner'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 372-4ft (1.1-1.2m),

S 272ft (75cm). Is a sport of C. 'Brietner' with
fully reflexed, yellow flowers in early fall.

C. 'Yellow John Hughes', illus. p.253.
Incurved florists' chrysanthemum. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2-27 2 ft (60-75cm). Yellow flowers,
to 5-572in (12-14cm) wide, are produced in
late fall. Is excellent for exhibition.

C. 'Yvonne Arnaud'. Reflexed florists'
chrysanthemum. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2-272ft
(60-75cm). Fully reflexed, purple flowers, to
5in (12cm) wide, are produced in early fall.

CHRYSOGONUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer- to fall¬
flowering perennial. Is suitable for rock
gardens. Needs partial shade and moist but
well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed when
fresh.

C. virginianum, illus. p.344.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Genus of creeping hardy perennials, grown
for their foliage and early spring flowers.
Requires a shady position and moist, poor
to moderately fertile, rich soil. Propagate
by division or soft-tip cuttings in spring or
by seed in fall.

C. macrophyllum , illus. p.256.

CHUSQUEA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. culeou, illus. p.288.

539

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CICERBITA

CICERBITA

syn. MULGEDIUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their flower
heads. Needs shade and damp but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall. Some species may
be invasive.

C. alpina, syn. Lactuca alpina (Mountain
sow thistle). Branching, upright perennial.

H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Mid-green leaves
are lobed, with a large, terminal lobe. Bears
elongated panicles of thistle-like, pale blue
flower heads in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. bourgaei, syn. Lactuca bourgaei.
Rampant, erect perennial. H to 6ft (2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are oblong to lance¬
shaped, toothed and light green. Many-
branched panicles of thistle-like,
mauve-blue or purplish-blue flower heads
appear in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

CICHORIUM

Chicory

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown mainly in herb or kitchen gardens
(C. intybus has edible leaves). Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in fall or spring. ©Contact with all
parts of the plants may irritate skin or
aggravate skin allergies.

C. intybus , illus. p.242.

CIMICIFUGA

Black cohosh, Bugbane
RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
flowers, which have an unusual, slightly
unpleasant smell. Requires partial shade
and moist soil. Needs staking. Propagate by
seed when fresh or by division in spring.
Sometimes included in the closely related
genus Actaea , which has fleshy, berry-like
fruits, whereas the pods of Cimicifuga are
dry and not fleshy.

C. cordifolia, syn. C. racemosa var.
cordifolia, C. rubifolia (Black snakeroot).
Clump-forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
(60cm). Feathery plumes of star-shaped,
creamy-white flowers are produced in mid¬
summer above broadly oval to lance-shaped,
dissected, light green leaves. Z6-6 H8-5.

C. racemosa, syn. Actaea racemosa
(Kamchatka bugbane). Clump-forming
perennial. H 1—5ft (30-150cm), S 2ft (60cm).
Spikes of bottlebrush-like, pure white flowers
are borne in mid-summer above broadly
oval, divided, fresh green leaves. Z3-8 H9-1.
var. cordifolia. See C. cordifolia.

C. rubifolia. See C. cordifolia.

C. simplex, syn. Actaea simplex, illus.
p.220. 'Elstead' is an upright perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Purple stems bear
arching racemes of fragrant, bottlebrush¬
like, white flowers in fall. Has broadly oval
to lance-shaped, divided, glossy leaves.

Z4-8 H9-1. 'Prichard's Giant' (Camphor
tree), H 7ft (2.2m), has large, much-divided
leaves and produces white flowers on
arching panicles. Z4-8 H9-1.

540

Cineraria cruentus of gardens. See
Pericallis x hybrida.

Cineraria x hybridus. See Pericallis x
hybrida.

CINNAMOMUM

LAURACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage and to provide shade. Requires full
light or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth, less
at other times. May be pruned if necessary.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

C. camphor a. Moderately fast-growing,
evergreen, rounded tree. H and S 40ft (12m)
or more. Oval, lustrous, rich green leaves,
tinted blue-gray beneath, reddish or
coppery when young, are camphor-scented
when bruised. Produces insignificant
flowers in spring. Z8-10 H10-8.

CIONURA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous, twining
climber, grown for its flowers. Grow in any
soil and in full sun. Prune after flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
cuttings in late summer or early fall.

® Contact with the latex exuded by cut
leaves and stems may irritate skin or cause
blisters, and may cause severe discomfort if
ingested.

C. erecta, syn. Marsdenia erecta.
Deciduous, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or
more. Heart-shaped, grayish-green leaves
are l74-274in (3-6cm) long. In summer,
clusters of fragrant, white flowers, with 5
spreading petals, are borne in leaf axils,
followed by fruits, 3in (7cm) long,
containing many silky seeds, in fall. Z9-10
Hll-10.

CIRSIUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials.
Most species are not cultivated—indeed,
some are pernicious weeds—but C. rivulare
has decorative flower heads. Tolerates sun
or shade and any but wet soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall.

C. rivulare 'Atropurpureum'. Erect
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Heads
of pincushionlike, deep crimson flowers are
borne on erect stems in summer. Leaves
are narrowly oval to oblong or lance¬
shaped and deeply cut, with weakly spiny
margins. Z4-8 H8-1.

CISSUS

VITACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
mainly tendril climbers, grown for their
foliage. Bears insignificant, greenish
flowers, mainly in summer. Needs fertile,
well-drained soil, and partial shade in
summer. Water regularly, less in cold
weather. Needs tying to supports. Thin out
crowded stems in spring. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. antarctica, illus. p.463.

C. bainesii. See Cyphostemma bainesii.

C. discolor (Rex begonia vine).
Moderately vigorous, evergreen, tendril
climber with slender, woody stems. H to
10ft (3m). Oval, pointed leaves, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long, are deep green with
silver bands above, maroon beneath.

Zll Hll-10.

C. hypoglauca. Evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. H 6-10ft
(2-3m). Leaves are divided into 4 or 5 oval
leaflets that are pale green above and blue-
gray beneath. Z13-15 Hll-10.

C. juttae. See Cyphostemma juttae.

C. rhombifolia, syn. Rhoicissus
rhombifolia, Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Grape
ivy). Moderately vigorous, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 10ft
(3m) or more. Has lustrous leaves divided
into 3 coarsely toothed leaflets. Z12-14
Hll-10.

C. striata , syn. Ampelopsis sempervirens,
Parthenocissus striata, Vitis striata (Ivy of
Uruguay, Miniature grape ivy). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has
leaves of 3-5 oval, serrated, lustrous, green
leaflets. Mature plants may produce pea¬
shaped, glossy, black fruits in fall. Z12-14
Hll-10.

C. voinieriana. See Tetrastigma
voinierianum.

Cistanthe tweedyi. See Lewisia
tweedyi.

CISTUS

Rock rose

CISTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their succession of freely borne, short¬
lived, showy flowers. Is good in coastal
areas, withstanding sea winds well.
Prefers full sun and light, well-drained
soil. Resents being transplanted. Cut out
any dead wood in spring, but do not
prune hard. Propagate species by
softwood or greenwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall, hybrids and
cultivars by cuttings only in summer.

C. x aguilarii 'Maculatus', illus. p.150.

C. albidus (Crimson-spot rockrose).
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (lm).
Leaves are oblong and white-felted.
Saucer-shaped, pale rose-pink flowers,
each with a central, yellow blotch, are
produced in early summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

C. aigarvensis. See Halimium ocymoides.
C. x argenteus 'Peggy Sammons',
illus. p.153.

C. x corbariensis. See C. x hybridus.

C. creticus, syn. C. incanus subsp.
creticus, illus. p.154.

C. x cyprius, illus. p.150.

C. x dansereaui, syn. C. x lusitanicus of
gardens. Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub.
H and S 3ft (lm). Leaves are narrowly
oblong and dark green. Saucer-shaped,
white flowers, each with a central, deep red
blotch, are borne from early to mid¬
summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

C. x hybridus, syn. C. x corbariensis, illus.
p.150.

C. incanus subsp. creticus. See C.

creticus.

C. ladanifer, syn. C. ladaniferus, illus.
p.150.

C. ladaniferus. See C. ladanifer.

C. laurifolius. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oval,
aromatic, dark green leaves and, in
summer, saucer-shaped, white flowers,
each with a central, yellow blotch. Z8-10
H10-8.

C. x lenis 'Graysword Pink', syn. C.
'Silver Pink'. Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft
(60cm), S 3ft (lm). Oval, dark green leaves

set off large, saucer-shaped, clear pink
flowers, each with conspicuous, yellow
stamens, from early to mid-summer.

Z8-10 H10-8.

C. x lusitanicus of gardens. See C. x
dansereaui.

C. monspeliensis. Evergreen, bushy
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has narrow,
wrinkled, dark green leaves and small,
white flowers freely borne from early to
mid-summer. Z8-11 HI 1-8.

C. parviflorus (Sageleaf rockrose).
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Small, saucer-shaped, pale
pink flowers are produced among oval,
gray-green leaves in early summer.

Z8-10 H10-8.

C. x purpureus. Evergreen, bushy,
rounded shrub. H and S 3ft (lm).

Produces saucer-shaped, deep purplish-
pink flowers, each blotched with deep
red, from early to mid-summer. Leaves
are narrowly lance-shaped and gray-
green. Z9-10 H10-8.

C. revolii of gardens. See Halimiocistus
sahucii.

C. salviifolius, illus. p.150.

C. 'Silver Pink'. See C. x lenis 'Graysword
Pink'.

C. x skanbergii, illus. p.152.

x CITROFORTUNELLA

RUTACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Citrus x Fortunella ) of
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their flowers, fruits and overall appearance.
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained but
not dry soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Propagate by seed when ripe
or by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly, red spider mite, mealy
bug, lime-induced and magnesium-
deficiency chlorosis may be troublesome,
x C. microcarpa, syn. x C. mitis. Citrus
mitis, illus. p.458.
x C. mitis. See x C. microcarpa.

Citrus mitis. See Citrofortunella
microcarpa.

CLADANTHUS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of annual, grown for
its fragrant foliage and daisylike flower
heads. Grow in sun and in reasonably
fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head to
prolong flowering. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in mid-spring.

C. arabicus, illus. p.321.

Cladastris lutea. See Cladrastis
kentukea.

CLADRASTIS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their pendent, wisteria¬
like flower clusters and fall foliage.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by root
cuttings in late winter. The wood is
brittle: old trees are prone to damage
by strong winds.

C. kentukea, syn. Cladastris lutea, illus.
p.79.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLEMATIS

CLARKIA

syn. GODETIA

ONAGRACEAE

Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers,
which are good for cutting. Needs sun and
reasonably fertile, well-drained soil. Avoid
rich soil as this encourages vegetative
growth at the expense of flowers.
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
spring, or in early fall in mild areas.

Botrytis may be troublesome.

C. amoena. Fast-growing annual with
upright, thin stems. H to 24in (60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Spikes of 5-petaled, single or double
flowers, in shades of lilac to pink, are
produced in summer. Tall forms, H 24in
(60cm), have double flowers in shades of
pink or red. H7-1. Grace Series
(intermediate), H to 20in (50cm), has single,
lavender-pink, red, salmon-pink or pink
flowers with contrasting centers. Princess
Series (dwarf), H 12in (30cm), has frilled
flowers in shades of pink. Satin Series
(dwarf), H to 8in (20cm), has single flowers
in various colors, many with white margins
or contrasting centers. 'Sybil Sherwood'
illus. p.305.

C. 'Brilliant', illus. p.305.

CLAYTON IA

PORTULACACEAE ~

Genus of mainly evergreen perennials with
succulent leaves; is related to Lewisia.
Grows best in alpine houses. Fully hardy.
Tolerates sun or shade and prefers well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in fall. May be difficult to grow.

C. megarhiza , syn. Calandrinia
megarhiza. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial with a long taproot. H Vz in (1cm),

S 3in (8cm). Leaves are spoon-shaped and
fleshy. Bears small heads of tiny, bowl¬
shaped, white flowers in spring. Prefers
sun and gritty soil. Is prone to aphid attack.
Z5-7 H7-5. var. nivalis illus. p.351.

C. virginica (Spring beauty). Clump¬
forming perennial with flat, black tubers.

H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or more.
Narrowly spoon-shaped leaves, reddish
when young, later turn green and glossy.
Branched stems bear cup-shaped, white or
pink flowers, striped deep pink, in early
spring. Needs shade. Z4-9 H6-1.

CLEISTOCACTUS

syn. BORZICACTUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of columnar, perennial cacti with
branched, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems
with spines. Is one of the faster-growing
cacti, some reaching 6ft (2m) in 5 years or
less. Tubular flowers contain plenty of
nectar and are pollinated by
hummingbirds. Needs full sun and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

C. baumannii. Erect, then prostrate,
perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm) or more, S 15ft
(5m). Thick stems produce long, uneven,
variable-colored spines. Has S-shaped,
tubular, bright orange-red flowers in
spring-summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

C. celsianus. See Oreocereus celsianus.

C. smaragdiflorus. Erect, then prostrate,
perennial cactus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20ft (6m).

Is similar to C. baumannii, but has straight,
tubular flowers with green-tipped petals.
Z13-15 Hll-10.

C. strausii , illus. p.479.

C. troilii. See Oreocereus trollii.

CLEMATIS

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, mainly
twining climbers and herbaceous
perennials, cultivated for their mass of
flowers, often followed by decorative seed
heads, and grown on walls and trellises
and together with trees, shrubs and other
host plants. Only early-flowering species
are evergreen, although some later-
flowering species are semievergreen. Most
species have nodding, bell-shaped flowers,
with 4 petals (botanically known as
perianth segments), or flattish flowers,
each usually with 4-6 generally pointed
petals. Large-flowered cultivars also bear
flattish flowers, but with 4-10 petals.

Flower color may vary according to
climatic conditions: in general, the warmer
the climate, the darker the flower color.

May be grown in partial shade or full sun,
but prefers rich, well-drained soil with
roots shaded. Propagate cultivars in early
summer by softwood or semiripe cuttings
or layering, species from seed in fall.
Aphids, mildew and clematis wilt may
cause problems.

Clematis may be divided into groups
according to their flowering seasons, habit
and pruning needs. See also feature panel
pp. 198-200.

Group 1

Early-flowering species prefers a
sheltered, sunny site with well-drained
soil. Small, single flowers, either bell¬
shaped or open-bell-shaped, 72-2in
(2-5cm) long, or saucer-shaped, 174-2in
(4-5cm) across, are borne on the previous
season's ripened shoots in spring or,
occasionally, in late winter. Leaves are
evergreen and glossy, or deciduous, and
usually divided into 3 lance-shaped,

5in (12cm) long leaflets or into 3 fernlike,

2in (5cm) long leaflets.

C. a/p/na, C. macropetala and their
cultivars tolerate cold, exposed positions.
Small, bell-shaped to open bell-shaped,
single, semidouble or double flowers,

2in (5cm) across, are borne on the previous
season's ripened shoots in spring,
occasionally also on the current season's
shoots in summer. Deciduous, pale to
mid-green leaves are divided into 3-5
lance-shaped to broadly oblong, toothed
leaflets, lVun (3cm) long.

C. montana and its cultivars are
vigorous, deciduous climbers, suitable for
growing over large buildings and trees.
Small, flat to saucer-shaped, usually single
flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across, are borne on
the previous season's ripened shoots in late
spring. Leaves are mid- to purplish-green
and divided into 3 lance-shaped to broadly
oval, serrated leaflets, 3in (8cm) long with
pointed tips.

Prune all group 1 clematis after flowering
to allow new growth to be produced and
ripened for the following season. Remove
dead or damaged stems and cut back other
shoots that have outgrown their allotted
space. This will encourage new growth to
bear flowers in the following season.

Group 2

Early- to mid-season, large-flowered
cultivars bearing mostly saucer-shaped,
single, semidouble or fully double flowers,

4- 8in (10-20cm) across, that are borne on
the previous season's ripened shoots, in
late spring and early summer, and on new
shoots in mid- and late summer. Generally
the second flush of flowers on semidouble
and double forms produces single flowers.
Deciduous, pale to mid-green leaves are
usually 4-6in (10-15cm) long and divided
into 3 ovate or lance-shaped leaflets, or are
simple and ovate, and to 4in (10cm) long.

Prune before new growth starts, in early
spring. Remove any dead or damaged
stems and cut back all remaining shoots
to where strong buds are visible. These
buds provide a framework of second-year
shoots which, in turn, produce sideshoots
that flower in late spring and early summer.
The flowers may then be removed. Young
shoots bear more flowers later in the
summer.

Group 3

Late, large-flowered cultivars

producing outward-facing, usually saucer¬
shaped, single flowers, 3-6in (7-15cm)
across, borne on new shoots in summer or
early fall. Leaves are deciduous and similar
to those of early cultivars (group 2),
described above.

Late-flowering species and small-
flowered cultivars that bear small, single
or double flowers on the current season's
shoots in summer-fall. Flowers vary in
shape and may be star-shaped, tubular,
bell-shaped, flattish or resembling nodding
lanterns; they vary in size from Vain (1cm)
to 4in (10cm) across. Have generally
deciduous, pale to dark green or gray-
green leaves divided into 3 lance-shaped to
broadly oval leaflets, each V 2 in (1cm) long,
or hairy and/or toothed leaves divided into
5 or more lance-shaped to broadly oval
leaflets, each 72-4in (l-10cm) long.
Herbaceous species and cultivars
producing single flowers that are either
saucer-shaped, 72- 3 /4in (l-2cm) wide, or
bell-shaped or tubular, V 2 -IV 2 U 1 (l-4cm)
long, and are produced on the current
season's shoots in summer. Mid- to dark
green or gray-green leaves are simple and
lance-shaped to elliptic, l-6in (2.5-15cm)
long, or are divided into 3-5 lance-shaped
to ovate, serrated leaflets, each 4-6in
(10-15cm) long with a pointed tip. Prune
all group 3 clematis before new growth
begins, in early spring. Cut back all the
previous season's stems to a pair of strong
buds, 6-8in (15-20cm) above soil level.

C. 'Abundance', syn. C. viticella, illus.
p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3).

H 6—10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Produces
flattish, deep purplish-red flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, with cream anthers, in
summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Alabast ('Poulala') (Alpine clematis).
Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group

2) . H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Freely produces
large, rounded, creamy-green flowers,

5- 6in (12-15cm) across, with creamy-yellow
anthers, in late spring and again from mid-
to late summer.

C. 'Alionushka', illus. p.199. Semi-
herbaceous, non-clinging clematis (group

3) . H 3-4ft (l-1.2m), S 3ft (lm). In mid¬
summer to early fall produces single, rich
mauvish-pink flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm)

across, with a satin sheen when young,
with deep ridges on the reverse and
crumpled edges; the petal tips recurve and
twist as they age.

C. aipina. Alpina clematis (group 1).

H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has lantern¬
shaped, single, blue flowers, 172-3in
(4-7cm) long, in spring and, occasionally,
summer. Forms fluffy, silvery seed heads in
summer. Is ideal for a north-facing or very
exposed site. Z4-9 H9-6. 'Columbine'. See
C. 'Columbine'. 'Constance'. See C.
'Constance'. 'Frances Rivis'. See C.
'Frances Rivis'. 'Frankie'. See C. 'Frankie'.
C. 'Andromeda', illus. p.198. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Semidouble, white
flowers, with bright pink stripes in the
center of each sepal, are produced in
spring and again later in the year when
they are single.

C. Angelique ('Evipo017'). Compact,
mid- to late season clematis (group 2).

H 3—4ft (90cm-1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Produces
an abundance of lilac-blue, brown-
anthered flowers, 4in (10cm) across, from
early summer to late fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Anna Louise ('Evithree'), illus. p.200.
Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 3-4ft (l-1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

Freely produces single flowers with violet
petals with a red-purple central bar, and
striking brown anthers, in late spring to
early summer, and again in late summer to
early fall. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. Arctic Queen ('Evitwo'), illus. p.198.
Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). From early summer
to early fall freely produces double, clear
creamy-white flowers, 4-7in (10-18cm)
across, with yellow anthers. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. armandii (Evergreen clematis), illus.
p.198. Strong-growing, evergreen, early-
flowering clematis (group 1). H 10—15ft
(3-5m), S 6-10ft (2-3m). Bears scented,
flattish, single, white flowers, HAin (4cm)
across, in early spring. Needs a sheltered,
south- or south-west-facing site. Z7-11
H9-7.

C. 'Ascotiensis'. Vigorous, late, large-
flowered clematis (group 3). H 10-12ft
(3-4m), S 3ft (lm). Single, bright violet-blue
flowers, 372-5in (9-12cm) across, with
pointed petals and brownish-green
anthers, are produced in summer. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. Avant-garde ('Evipo033'), illus. p.200.
Vigorous, mid-season clematis (group 3).

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Freely produces
deep red flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, with
central pompoms of pink, petaloid stamens,
from mid-summer to fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Barbara Dibley', illus. p.199. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In late spring produces
single, petunia-red flowers, to 9in (23cm)
across, with carmine-red to red-purple
stripes along each sepal and red-purple
stamens.

C. 'Barbara Jackman', illus. p.199. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). In early summer produces
single, bluish-mauve flowers, with crimson
stripes and creamy-white stamens,
followed in late summer by a further flush.
Grow in partial shade as flowers fade in full
sun. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Bees Jubilee'. Compact, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLEMATIS

S 3ft (lm). In early summer bears a
profusion of single, deep pink flowers,

4-5in (10-12cm) across, with brown anthers
and a central, rose-madder stripe on each
petal. Prefers partial shade. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. ‘'Bella', illus. p.198. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H to 3m (10ft),
S lm (3ft). Single, white flowers, with white
anthers and purple-red filaments, are
produced in spring and again in late
summer. Z6-11 H9-6.

C. 'Betty Corning', illus. p.200. Late,
small-flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft
(4m), S 3ft (lm). Slightly scented, bell¬
shaped, lilac to pinkish-mauve flowers,

172- 272in (4-6cm) across, are borne from
early summer to early fall. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Bill MacKenzie'. Vigorous, late-
flowering clematis (group 3). H 22ft (7m),

S 10-12ft (3-4m). Has dark green leaves.
From mid-summer to late fall produces
open bell-shaped, yellow flowers, 2V2-3in
(6-7cm) across. Is best pruned with shears.
Z6-11 H9-6.

C. 'Black Prince', illus. p.200. Late, small-
flowered clematis (group 3). H to 13ft (4m),

S 3ft (lm). In mid-summer produces bell¬
shaped, semi-nodding, very dark blackish-
claret-red flowers, to 372in (9cm) across,
with maroon stamens.

C. Blue Moon ('Evirin'), illus. p.199.
Compact, free-flowering, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8-10ft
(2.5-3m), S 3ft (lm). In late spring to early
summer bears single, white flowers, 6-7in
(15-18cm) across, suffused with pale lilac
becoming darker at the wavy petal edges.
In late summer to early fall, flowers are
slightly smaller and darker. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. Bonanza ('Evipo031'). Vigorous, mid¬
season clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft
(lm). Freely produces blue-purple flowers,
to 3in (7cm) across, with pale yellow
anthers, from mid-summer to fall. Z5-9
H9-5.

C. Bourbon ('Evipo018'), illus. p.200.
Compact, mid-season clematis (group 2).

H 4-6ft (1.2-2m), S 3ft (lm). Produces an
abundance of vibrant, yellow-centered, red
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, from early to
mid-summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Broughton Star', syn. C. montana
'Broughton Star'. Vigorous Montana
clematis (group 1). H 12—15ft (4-5m),

S 6—13ft (2-4m). Bears semidouble to fully
double, cup-shaped, dusty pink flowers,
with slightly darker veins, from spring to
early summer.

C. calycina. See C. cirrhosa.

C. 'Carnaby'. Compact, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). In early summer has a profusion
of single, deep pink flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
across, with a darker stripe on each petal
and red anthers. Prefers partial shade.
Z4-11 H9-5.

542

C. x cartmanii (C. marmorata x C.
paniculata). Evergreen, clump-forming,
bushy shrub (group 1) with some
procumbent stems. H 8-10in (20-25cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has dissected, leathery,
shiny, dark green leaves varying in shape.
Leafy panicles of shallowly cup-shaped,
pure white flowers, 3 /4-lV2in (2-4cm)
across, with white anthers, are freely
produced in early spring. Z7-9 H9-6.
'Avalanche' (illus. p.198), H and S 10—16ft
(3-5m), has roughly ovate, deeply toothed
leaves and white flowers flushed pale green

at the base. 'Joe' (illus. p.198), H to 6ft (2m),
has 3-parted, toothed leaves; procumbent
stems can be trained upward.

C. Cassis ('Evipo020'). Vigorous, late,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H and
S 6—10ft (2-3m). Freely produces rosetted,
fully double, plum-red flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, from early summer to early fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Cezanne ('Evipo023'). Compact,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3-4ft
(90cm-1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Freely produces
sky-blue flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
broad overlapping sepals and yellow
anthers, from early summer to late fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Chantilly ('Evipo021'), illus. p.199.
Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 3-4ft (90cm-1.2m), S 3ft (lm).
Freely produces single, occasionally
semidouble, pale pink flowers, to 4in
(10cm) across, the sepals with a
pronounced, deeper pink central bar, from
early summer to late fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Charissima', illus. p.199. Free-
flowering, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 8-10ft (2.5-3m), S 3ft (lm). In
late spring to early summer produces
single flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm) across, with
pointed, cerise-pink petals, a deeper pink
bar and veins throughout the flower, and
dark maroon anthers. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. Chinook ('Evipo013'). Scandent, non¬
clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces numerous, nodding, mid-
violet-blue flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
twisted sepals, each with a prominent,
central boss of yellow stamens, from mid¬
summer to early fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. cirrhosa, syn. C. calycina, illus. p.199.
Evergreen, early-flowering clematis (group
1). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m). Produces
bell-shaped, cream flowers, lVtin (3cm)
across and spotted red inside, in late winter
and early spring during frost-free weather.
Z7-11 H9-7. var. balearica has fragrant,
pale cream flowers, speckled reddish-
brown. Z7-11 H10-7. var. purpurascens
'Freckles' (illus. p.200) has creamy-pink
flowers, H 2-3in (5-8cm) across, heavily
speckled red within.

C. Clair de Lune ('Evirin'). Vigorous,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8-10ft
(2.5-3m), S 3—5ft (1-1.5m). Produces an
abundance of large, blue-purple flowers, to
5in (12cm) across, with paler central bands
on the sepals and dark anthers, from late
spring to early summer and again from late
summer to early fall.

C. 'Columbine', syn. C. alpina
'Columbine' (Atragene Group) (Atragene
Group). Deciduous, early-flowering
clematis (group 1). H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 3ft
(lm). In early and mid-spring produces
nodding, bell-shaped, soft lavender-blue
flowers, 172-2in (4-5cm) across, with
creamy-white or green staminodes;
sometimes blooms again in summer.

C. 'Columella' (Atragene Group), illus.
p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering clematis
(group 1). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). From mid-
to late spring produces strongly scented,
pendent, broadly bell-shaped, purplish-
violet to deep rosy-pink flowers, to 2 3 Ain
(6.5cm) across, with yellow staminodes.

C. 'Comtesse de Bouchaud'. Strong¬
growing, late, large-flowered clematis
(group 3). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In
summer has masses of single, bright

mauve-pink flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) across,
with yellow anthers. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Confetti ('Evipo036'). Vigorous,
small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Nodding, open bell-shaped,
pink flowers, 172in (4cm) across, are
produced freely from mid-summer to fall.
Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Constance', syn. C. alpina 'Constance'
(Atragene Group) (Atragene Group).
Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group

1) . H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 3ft (lm). Nodding,
bell-shaped, semidouble, rich purple-pink
or reddish-pink flowers, l-2V2in (2.5-6cm)
across, with purple or creamy-white
staminodes, are produced from early to
mid-spring and occasionally again in
summer. Z4-9 H9-6.

C. 'Corona', illus. p.199. Moderately
vigorous, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H to HVzft (3.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Bears numerous single, rich velvety-
crimson flowers, 6in (15cm) across, with
red and white stamens, in late spring and
early summer, followed in late summer by
a further flush of slightly smaller, paler
flowers. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Crystal Fountain ('Evipo038').
Compact, large-flowered clematis (group

2) . H 4— 6ft (1.5-2m), S 3ft (lm). Produces
an abundance of double, deep lilac-blue
flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with a central
boss of narrow staminodes, from late
spring to early summer and again in early
fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Daniel Deronda'. Vigorous,
early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has double and
semidouble, deep purple- blue flowers,
4-572in (10-14cm) across, with cream
anthers, then single flowers in late summer.
Z7-9 H9-7.

C. 'Doctor Ruppel'. Early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Single flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across,
with deep rose-pink petals with darker
central bands and light chocolate anthers,
are freely produced throughout summer.
Z4-11 H8-1.

C. 'Duchess of Albany'. Vigorous,
small-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In summer and early fall
has masses of small, tulip-like, single, soft
pink flowers, 2 V 2 in (6cm) long, with brown
anthers and a deeper pink stripe inside
each petal. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Duchess of Edinburgh'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In summer produces
double, white flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
across, with yellow anthers and green,
outer petals. May be weak-growing. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. x durandii. Semi-herbaceous, late-
flowering clematis (group 3). H 3—6ft (l-2m),
S 172-5ft (45cm-1.5m). In summer has
flattish, single, deep blue flowers, 272-3in
(6-8cm) across, with 4 petals and yellow
anthers. Leaves are elliptic. Z5-11 H9-5.

C. 'Early Sensation' (Forsteri Group),
illus. p.198. Evergreen, late-flowering
clematis (group 1). H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm).
Dark green leaves are bronzed when
young. From early to mid-spring bears
scented, bell- to cup-shaped, white flowers,
2-3in (5-7.5cm) across, with yellow anthers
often tinged purple.

C. 'Elizabeth', syn. C. montana
'Elizabeth'. Vigorous Montana clematis

(group 1). H 30-40ft (10-12m), S 6-10ft
(2-3m). Has scented, single, soft pink
flowers, 2-2V2in (5-6cm) across, with
widely spaced petals, in late spring.

Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Elsa Spath'. Early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 6—10ft (2-3m), S 3ft
(lm). Bears masses of single, rich mauve-
blue flowers, 5in (12cm) wide, with
overlapping petals and red anthers,
throughout summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Ernest Markham', illus. p.200.
Vigorous, late, large-flowered clematis
(group 3). H 10-12ft (3^1m), S 3ft (lm). In
summer bears single, vivid magenta
flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with blunt-tipped
petals and chocolate anthers. Thrives in full
sun. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Etoile Violette', syn. C. viticella 'Etoile
Violette', illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
flowering clematis (group 3). H 10-15ft
(3-5m), S 5ft (1.5m). Produces masses of
flattish, single, violet-purple flowers,
l72-2 1 /2in (4-6cm) wide, with yellow
anthers, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Evifour'. See C. Royal Velvet.

C. Evijohill. See C. 'Josephine'.

C. 'Evione'. See C. Sugar Candy.

C. 'EvipoOOl'. See C. Wisley.

C. 'Evipo002'. See C. Rosemoor.

C. 'Evipo003'. See C. Ice Blue.

C. 'Evipo004'. See C. Harlow Carr.

C. 'Evipo005'. See C. Peppermint.

C. 'Evipo006. See C. Vienetta.

C. 'Evipo007'. See C. Victor Hugo.

C. 'Evipo008'. See G Franziska Maria.

C. 'Evipo009'. See G Hyde Hall.

C. 'Evipo012'. See G Parisienne.

C. 'Evipo013'. See G Chinook.

C. 'Evipo014'. See G Gazelle.

C. 'Evipo015'. See G Savannah.

C. 'Evipo017'. See G Avant-Garde.

C. 'Evipo018'. See G Bourbon.

C. 'Evipo019'. See G Medley.

C. 'Evipo020'. See G Cassis.

C. 'Evipo021'. See G Chantilly.

C. 'Evipo023'. See G Cezanne.

C. 'Evipo031'. See G Bonanza.

C. 'Evipo032'. See G Galore.

C. 'Evipo033'. See G Angelique.

C. 'Evipo036'. See G Confetti.

C. 'Evipo038'. See G Crystal Fountain.

C. 'Evirida'. See G Florida Pistachio.

C. 'Evirin'. See G Clair De Lune.

C. 'Evirin'. See G Blue Moon.

C. 'Evisix'. See G Petit Faucon.

C. 'Evithree'. See G Anna Louise.

C. 'Evitwo'. See G Arctic Queen.

C. fasciculiflora, illus. p.198. Evergreen,
early-flowering species (group 1). H and
S 20ft (6m) or more. Dark green leaves have
silver midribs. From late winter to mid¬
spring produces solitary or clustered,
fragrant, bell-shaped, nodding, creamy-
white to yellowish-white flowers, 72- 3 /4in
(1.5-2cm) across. Needs a warm, sunny
position. Z7-9 H9-6.

C. 'Fireworks', illus. p.199. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 13ft (4m),

S 3ft (lm). In late spring and early summer
produces single, blue-mauve flowers, 4-6in
(10-15cm) across, with wine-red and white
stamens and a central, bright cerise-purple
stripe on each sepal. Late summer flowers
are slightly smaller.

C. flammula, illus. p.200. Vigorous, late-
flowering clematis; may be semievergreen
(group 3). H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 6ft (2m).
Produces masses of almond-scented.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLEMATIS

flattish, single, white flowers, 3 Ain (2cm)
across, in summer and early fall. Z4-11
H9-7.

C. florida. 'Bicolor'. See C. florida var.
sieboldiana. Pistachio ('Evirida'), illus.
p.199. is a vigorous, small-flowered
clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
From early summer to late fall produces an
abundance of rounded, creamy-white
flowers, 2 1 /2-3 1 /2in (6-9cm) across, each with
a central cluster of pinkish-gray anthers
and green styles. Z7-11 H10-6. var.
sieboldiana, syn. C. florida 'Bicolor',

C. florida 'Sieboldii', illus. p.199. H 6-10ft
(2-3m), is weaker growing and produces
creamy-white flowers each with a domed
boss of petal-like, rich purple stamens;
needs a sheltered site. Z7-11 H10-6.
'Sieboldii'. See C. florida var. sieboldiana.
C. Trances Rivis', syn. C. alpina 'Frances
Rivis' (Atragene Group), illus. p.200.
Deciduous, early-flowering clematis (group
1). H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 3ft (lm). In early and
mid-spring produces an abundance of
nodding, bell-shaped, deep blue flowers,
2-3in (5-8cm) across, with white
staminodes. Z4-9 H9-6.

C. 'Frankie', syn. C. alpina 'Frankie'
(Atragene Group), illus. p.200. Deciduous,
early-flowering clematis (group 1). H 7—12ft
(2.2-4m), S 3ft (lm). In early and mid-spring
produces nodding, bell-shaped, mid-blue to
deep mauve-blue flowers, 1-2Vain (2.5-6cm)
across, with blue-tipped, creamy-white
staminodes.

C. Franziska Maria ('Evipo008').

Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 5-10ft (1.5-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Produces masses of fully double, deep
blue-purple flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, with yellow anthers, from early
summer to early fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Galore ('Evipo032'). Vigorous, mid¬
season, small-flowered clematis (group 3).

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). From mid-summer
to fall has numerous, deep purple flowers,
to 3in (7cm) across, with yellow anthers.
Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Gazelle ('Evipo014'). Scandent,
non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm). Produces numerous slightly
scented, nodding, white flowers, to 2 V 2 in
(6cm) across, with twisted sepals and
yellow stamens, from mid-summer to early
fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'General Sikorski'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m),

S 3ft (lm). Has numerous single, blue
flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with large,
overlapping petals and cream anthers, in
summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Gipsy Queen'. Vigorous, late, large-
flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m),

S 3ft (lm). Bears single, velvety, violet-
purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with red
anthers, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Gravetye Beauty', illus. p.200.
Vigorous, small-flowered clematis (group
3). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In summer and
early fall has masses of small, tulip-like,
single, bright red flowers, 272in (6cm) long,
with brown anthers. Is similar to C.
'Duchess of Albany', but flowers are more
open. Z4-11 H9-5.

C. 'Guernsey Cream', illus. p.198. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). Bears single flowers, 5in
(12cm) across, with creamy yellow petals
and anthers, in early summer. Rowers are

smaller and creamy white in late summer.
Fades in full sun. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Hagley Hybrid'. Vigorous, late, large-
flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft (2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Produces single, rose-mauve
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide, with red
anthers, in summer. Prefers partial shade.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Harlow Carr ('Evipo004'). Scandent,
herbaceous clematis (group 3). H 6—10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). From early to late
summer produces semi-pendent, dark
violet-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across,
each with 4 twisted petals, dark brown
anthers and white filaments. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Henryi', illus. p.199. Vigorous, early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Has single, white flowers,
5in (12cm) wide, with dark chocolate
anthers, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. heracleifolia var. davidiana. See C.
tubulosa.

C. heracleifolia of gardens. See C.
tubulosa.

C. 'H.F. Young'. Compact, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Bears single, violet-tinged, blue
flowers, 4in (10cm) wide, with cream
anthers, in summer. Is ideal for a container
or patio garden. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Huldine', illus. p.199. Very vigorous,
late, large-flowered clematis (group 3).

H 10—12ft (3-4m), S 6ft (2m). In summer has
single, white flowers, 272in (6cm) wide,
mauve beneath and with cream anthers.

Is ideal for an archway or pergola. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. Hyde Hall ('Evipo009'). Vigorous,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-8ft
(2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm). Flowers prolifically
from early to mid-summer producing
single, creamy-white flowers, 5-7in
(12-18cm) across, sometimes tinged pink
or green, with chocolate-brown anthers.
Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Ice Blue ('Evipo003'). Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-8ft
(2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In late spring and early
summer produces an abundance of single,
ice-blue flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) across,
repeat-flowering during late summer and
early fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. integrifolia. Herbaceous clematis
(group 3). H and S 30in (75cm). Leaves are
narrowly lance-shaped. In summer bears
bell-shaped, single, deep blue flowers,
lV-dn (3cm) long, with cream anthers,
followed by gray-brown seed heads. Z4-11
H7-1.

C. 'Jackmanii', illus. p.200. Vigorous, late,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Bears masses of velvety,
single, dark purple flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
across, fading to violet, with light brown
anthers, in mid-summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Jackmanii Superba'. Vigorous, late,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Is similar to C. 'Jackmanii',
but has more rounded, darker flowers.
Z4-9H9-1.

C. 'Jacqueline du Pre' (Atragene
Group), illus. p.199. Deciduous, early-
flowering clematis (group 1). H 8-13ft
(2.5-4m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has nodding, bell¬
shaped, rosy-mauve flowers, 2-21/2 in
(5-6cm) across, with silvery-pink petal
margins and pink-flushed, white
staminodes, in spring.

C. 'Jan Lindmark' (Atragene Group),

illus. p.199. Deciduous, early-flowering
clematis (group 1). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (lm).
In spring produces pendent, bell-shaped,
purple-mauve flowers, l72-3in (4-8cm)
across, with purple, outer stamens and
shorter, white, inner staminodes. Z4-9
H9-3.

C. 'John Huxtable'. Late, large-flowered
clematis (group 3). H 6-1 Oft (2-3m), S 3ft
(lm). Bears masses of single, white flowers,
3in (8cm) wide, with cream anthers, in mid¬
summer. Z7-9 H9-1.

C. Josephine ('Evijohill'). Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). From early summer to early fall
bears double flowers, 5in (12cm) across,
with almost bronze, green-tinged petals
with a darker central bar; the petals
become lilac in mid-summer, with a pink
bar. Colors best in sun. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. x jouiniana (Spider flower). Sprawling,
subshrubby, late-flowering clematis (group
3). H 3ft (lm), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse
foliage and, in summer, masses of tubular,
single, soft lavender or off-white flowers,
3 Ain (2cm) wide, with reflexed petal tips. Is
non-clinging. H3-8 H8-1. 'Praecox'. See
C. 'Praecox'.

C. 'Kakio', syn. C. Pink Champagne, illus.
p.199. Early, large-flowered clematis (group
2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). In late spring and
early summer produces single, vivid
purple-red to deep pink flowers, with
central, white stripes on each petal. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. 'Kardynal Wyszynski', illus. p.200.
Early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Produces single,
bright crimson flowers, with pale violet
filaments and dark brown anthers, from
early to late summer.

C. 'Kathleen Wheeler'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8-10ft
(2.5-3m), S 3ft (lm). Has single, plum-
mauve flowers, 5-5V2in (12-14cm) across
with yellow anthers, in early summer.

Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Lasurstern'. Vigorous, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6—10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In summer bears single,
blue flowers, 4-5in (10-12cm) across, with
overlapping, wavy-edged petals and cream
anthers. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Lincoln Star', illus. p.199. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Has single, raspberry-
pink flowers, 4-5in (10-12cm) wide, with
red anthers, in early summer. Early flowers
are darker than late ones, which have very
pale pink petal edges. Prefers partial shade.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. macropetala (Downy clematis).
Macropetala clematis (group 1). H 10ft (3m),
S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring and summer
has masses of semidouble, mauve-blue
flowers, 2in (5cm) long, lightening in color
toward the center, then fluffy, silvery seed
heads. Z4-9 H9-3. 'Markham's Pink' has
pink flowers.

C. 'Madame Edouard Andre'. Late,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). Freely produces single,
deep red flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) across,
with silver undersides, pointed petals and
yellow anthers, in mid-summer. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. 'Madame Julia Correvon', syn.

C. viticella 'Madame Julia Correvon', illus.
p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3).

H 8-1 lft (2.5-3.5m), S 3ft (lm). Has flattish,
single, wine-red flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm)
wide, with twisted petals, in summer. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. 'Madame Le Coultre'. See C. 'Marie
Boisselot'.

C. 'Marie Boisselot', syn. C. 'Madame Le
Coultre'. Vigorous, early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
Bears single, white flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, with overlapping petals and cream
anthers, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Medley ('Evipo019'). Scandent, non¬
clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall
produces slightly scented, nodding, light
pink flowers, 172-2in (4-5cm) across, with
twisted sepals that open to reveal a boss of
yellow stamens in the center. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Miss Bateman'. Compact, early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). Masses of single, white
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) across, with red
anthers, are produced in summer. Is good
for a container or patio garden. Z4-11
H9-1.

C. montana (Anemone clematis), illus.
p.198. Vigorous, Montana clematis (group
1). H 22-40ft (7-12m), S 6-10ft (2-3m). In
late spring bears masses of single, white
flowers, 172-2in (4-5cm) across, with
yellow anthers. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Broughton
Star'. See C. 'Broughton Star'. 'Elizabeth'.
See C. 'Elizabeth', var. rubens, illus.
p.199. var. rubens 'Tetrarose' (illus.
p.199), H 22-25ft (7-8m), has coarse leaflets,
3in (8cm) long, and deep satin pink flowers,
272—3in (6-7cm) across.

C. 'Mrs. Cholmondeley'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In summer has single,
light bluish-lavender flowers, 4-5in
(10-12cm) across, with widely spaced
petals and light chocolate anthers.

Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Mrs. George Jackman'. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 6-1 Oft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Bears
semidouble, creamy-white flowers,

4in (10cm) wide, with light brown
anthers, in early summer. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Mrs. N. Thompson'. Compact,
early, large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In summer
produces masses of single, magenta
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide, with a
central, slightly darker stripe on each
bluish-purple-edged petal and red
anthers. Is good for a container or
patio garden. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Nelly Moser', illus. p.199. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H lift
(3.5m), S 3ft (lm). In early summer has
single, rose-mauve flowers, 5-6V2in
(12-16cm) wide, with reddish-purple
anthers and, on each petal, a carmine
stripe that fades in strong sun. Prefers a
shaded, east-, west- or north-facing site.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Niobe'. Early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm).
Throughout summer produces masses of
single, rich deep red flowers, 4-572in
(10-14cm) across, with yellow anthers.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. orientalis. Late-flowering clematis
(group 3). H 10-12ft (3-4m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Leaves are gray- to dark green. In summer,
lantern-shaped, single, greenish-yellow

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CLEMATIS

flowers, lTdn (3cm) wide, with recurved
petal tips, are followed by feathery seed
heads. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. Parisienne ('Evipo012'). Compact,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 3-4ft
(90-120cm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces an
abundance of single, pale violet flowers,
3-4in (7-10cm) across, with wavy-edged
sepals and red anthers, from early summer
to late fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Peppermint ('Evipo005'). Vigorous,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). From early summer to
late fall has numerous rosetted, creamy-
white flowers, 3-4in (7-10cm) across, with
6 large, outer sepals, which drop as the
tight, inner rosette of smaller sepals
expand. The late season's flowers are
greenish-white. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Perle d'Azur', illus. p.200. Late,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Single, azure-blue flowers,
3in (8cm) across, with recurved petal tips
and creamy-green anthers, are borne in
summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Petit Faucon ('Evisix'). Vigorous,
scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3).

H 3—5ft (1-1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). From
summer to early fall produces nodding to
semi-pendent, broadly bell-shaped, deep
blue-violet flowers, 2-3in (5-8cm) across,
with violet filaments and orange-yellow
anthers. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. Pink Champagne. See C. 'Kakio'.

C. 'Polish Spirit', illus. p.200. Strong¬
growing, late, large-flowered clematis
(group 3). H to 13ft (4m), S 3ft (lm). Single,
velvety, deep purple flowers, with dark
purple-red and greenish-white stamens,
are produced from early summer to early
fall. Z4-11 H9-5.

C. 'Praecox', syn. C. xjouiniana 'Praecox'.
Sprawling, subshrubby, non-clinging,
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 3ft
(lm), S 10ft (3m). Has coarse foliage and,
in summer, masses of tubular, single, soft
lavender or off-white flowers, 3 Ain (2cm)
wide, with reflexed petal tips.

C. 'Purpurea Plena Eiegans', syn.

C. viticella 'Purpurea Plena Eiegans', illus.
p.200. Late-flowering clematis (group 3).

H 6—10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Bears abundant,
double, purplish-mauve flowers, lVan
(3.5cm) long, occasionally with green outer
petals, and no anthers, from mid-summer
to late fall. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Ramona'. Early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
Has coarse, dark green leaves offset, in
summer, by single, pale blue flowers, 4-5in
(10-12cm) across, with red anthers. Prefers
a south-or south-west-facing position.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. recta. Clump-forming, herbaceous
clematis (group 3). H 3—6ft (l-2m), S 20in
(50cm). Leaves are dark or gray-green.
Bears masses of sweetly scented, flattish,
single, white flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across, in
mid-summer. Z4-11 H7-1.

C. rehderiana, illus. p.200. Vigorous,
late-flowering clematis (group 3). H 20-22ft
(6-7m), S 6-10ft (2-3m). Bears loose clusters
of fragrant, tubular, single, yellow flowers,
72- 3 Ain (l-2cm) long, in late summer and
early fall. Leaves are coarse-textured. Z6-9
H9-6.

544

C. 'Rhapsody'. Compact, early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft (2.5m),

S 3ft (lm). From early summer to early fall

bears single, sapphire-blue flowers, 4-5in
(10-13cm) across, with splayed, creamy-
yellow anthers. Color deepens with age.
Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Richard Pennell'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-1 Oft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Produces single, rich
purple-blue flowers, 4-5in (10-12cm) wide,
with golden-yellow anthers, in summer.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Rosemoor ('Evipo002'), illus. p.200.
Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group
2). H 6-8ft (2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm). From early
summer to fall, single, deep red flowers,
5-6in (12-15cm) across, with yellow
anthers, are produced in abundance.

Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Rosy O'Grady' (Atragene Group),
illus. p.200. Deciduous, early-flowering
clematis (group 1). H 10-13ft (3-4m), S 3ft
(lm). Open bell-shaped, semidouble, deep
pink to mauve-pink flowers, 2V2-5in
(6-12cm) across, with creamy-white
staminodes, are produced from late spring
to early summer and again in fall. Z4-9
H9-3.

C. 'Rouge Cardinal'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 3). H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In summer has single,
velvety, crimson flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
across, with red anthers. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Royal Velvet ('Evifour'). Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2).

H 6-8ft (2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In early and
mid-summer bears single, bluish, rich
velvet-purple flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
wide, with darker central bands on petals,
and red anthers. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. Savannah ('Evipo015'). Scandent,
non-clinging clematis (group 3). H 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm). From mid-summer to fall
produces nodding, single, dark pink
flowers, to 2Vzin (6cm) across, with twisted
sepals that open to reveal clusters of yellow
stamens in the center. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Silver Moon', illus. p.200. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H to
13ft (4m), S 3ft (lm). Produces single,
silvery-mauve flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, from late spring to early fall.

Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Souvenir du Capitaine Thuilleaux'.

Compact, early, large-flowered clematis
(group 2). H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (lm). In early
summer bears single, deep pink-striped,
cream-pink flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide,
with red anthers. Is ideal for a container or
patio garden. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Star of India'. Vigorous, late, large-
flowered clematis (group 3). H 10ft (3m),

S 3ft (lm). Bears masses of single, deep
purple-blue flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide,
with light brown anthers, in mid-summer;
each petal has a deep carmine-red stripe.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Sugar Candy ('Evione') (Golden
clematis). Vigorous, early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
Has masses of pinkish-mauve to light
purple flowers, 4-6in (10-18cm) across,
with darker, central bars on the petals and
yellow anthers. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Sunrise', illus. p.199. Vigorous,
Montana clematis (group 1). H and
S 25-30ft (8-10m). Leaves are reddish-
purple when young. Slightly scented,
semidouble or double, deep pink flowers,
2in (5cm) across, are borne in spring.

C. tangutica. Vigorous, late-flowering

clematis (group 3). H 15-20ft (5-6m),

S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Has lantern-shaped, single,
yellow flowers, lVdn (4cm) long,
throughout summer and early fall; these
are followed by fluffy, silvery seed heads.
Z5-11 H9-6.

C. 'The President'. Early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 6—10ft (2-3m), S 3ft
(lm). In early summer bears masses of
single, rich purple flowers, 4in (10cm) wide,
silver beneath, with red anthers. Z4-11 H9-1.
C. tubulosa , syn. C. heracleifolia var.
davidiana, C. heracleifolia. Herbaceous
clematis (group 3). H 3ft (lm), S 272 ft
(75cm). In summer, thick stems bear
axillary clusters of scented, tubular, single,
pale blue flowers, 3 A-174in (2-3cm) long,
with reflexed petal tips. Z4-8 H8-3.
'Wyevale' has strongly scented, dark blue
flowers.

C. Victor Hugo ('Evipo007'). Vigorous,
scandent, non-clinging clematis (group 3).

H 8-10ft (2.5-3m), S 3ft (lm). Produces an
abundance of red-violet flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, with dark, violet-tipped stamens,
from early summer to fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. Viennetta ('Evipo006'), illus. p.199.
Vigorous, large-flowered clematis (group
3). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm). From early
summer to fall produces passion-flower¬
like, creamy-white flowers, with purple,
modified stamens and a dark center. In fall,
the outer petals develop a greenish hue.
Z5-9 H9-5.

C. 'Ville de Lyon'. Late, large-flowered
clematis (group 3). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3ft
(lm). In mid-summer has single, bright
carmine-red flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) across,
with darker petal edges and yellow anthers.
Lower foliage tends to become scorched by
late summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Vino ('Poulvo') illus. p.200. (Italian
clematis). Vigorous, early, large-flowered
clematis (group 2). H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).
Produces numerous, single, deep petunia-
red flowers, 4-7in (10-18cm) across, with
white to cream filaments and yellow
anthers, in late spring and again in late
summer and early fall. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. viticella. Late-flowering clematis
(group 3). H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3ft (lm).
Produces nodding, open bell-shaped,
single, purple-mauve flowers, PAin
(3.5cm) long, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

See C. 'Abundance'. 'Etoile Violette'.

See C. 'Etoile Violette'. 'Madame Julia
Correvon'. See C. 'Madame Julia
Correvon'. 'Purpurea Plena Eiegans'.
See C. 'Purpurea Plena Eiegans'.

C. 'Vyvyan Pennell'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6—10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). Has double, lilac
flowers, 4-5in (10-12cm) wide, with a
central, lavender-blue rosette of petals
and golden-yellow anthers, in early
summer, then single, blue-mauve
flowers. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'W.E. Gladstone'. Vigorous, early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 10—12ft
(3-4m), S 3ft (lm). Produces single,
lavender flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with red
anthers, in summer. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'Westerplatte', illus. p.200. Early,
large-flowered clematis (group 2). H 8ft
(2.5m), S 3ft (lm). From late spring to early
summer, and again from late summer to
early fall, produces single, dark velvet-red
flowers, with white filaments and deep red
anthers. Z4-11 H9-1.

C. 'White Columbine' (Atragene Group),
illus. p.198. Deciduous, early-flowering
clematis (group 1). H and S 6—10ft (2-3m).

In spring produces purple-tinted buds
that open into nodding, bell-shaped,
single, creamy-white flowers, 17z-2in
(4-5cm) across, maturing to pure white,
with petal-like, greenish-white staminodes.
C. 'WiUiam Kennett'. Early, large-
flowered clematis (group 2). H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 3ft (lm). In summer has masses
of single, lavender-blue flowers, 4-5in
(10-12cm) across, with red anthers and
tough petals, each bearing a central, darker
stripe that fades as the flower matures.
Z4-11 H9-1.

C. Wisley ('EvipoOOl'). Strong-growing,
large-flowered clematis (group 3). H 8-1 Oft
(2.5-3m), S 3ft (lm). From mid-summer
to early fall produces numerous, slightly
nodding, violet-blue flowers, 4-5in
(10-12cm) across, with yellow anthers.

Z5-9 H9-5.

CLEOME

Spider flower

CAPPARACEAE/CLEOMACEAE

Genus of annuals and a few evergreen
shrubs, grown for their unusual, spidery
flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Remove dead flowers. Propagate by
seed sown outdoors in late spring. Aphids
may be a problem.

C. hassleriana , syn. C. spinosa. Fast¬
growing, bushy annual. H to 4ft (1.2m),

S 172ft (45cm). Has hairy, spiny stems and
mid-green leaves divided into lance-shaped
leaflets. Large, rounded heads of narrow-
petaled, pink-flushed, white flowers, with
long, protruding stamens, are produced in
summer. Zll HI 1-1. 'Colour Fountain'
illus. p.304. 'Rose Queen' (Cashmere
bouquet) has rose-pink flowers.

C. spinosa of gardens. See C. hassleriana.

CLERODENDRUM

Glorybower

VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, small
trees, shrubs, subshrubs and woody-
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
their showy flowers. Needs rich, well-
drained soil and full sun, with partial shade
in summer. Water freely in growing season,
less at other times. Stems require support.
Thin out crowded growth in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring, by softwood
cuttings in late spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider
mite and mealy bug may be a problem.

C. bungei , illus. p.141.

C. chinense var. chinense, syn.

C. chinense 'Pleniflorum', C. fragrans
'Pleniflorum', C. philippinum. Evergreen
or deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S to 8ft
(2.5m). Leaves are broadly oval, coarsely
and shallowly toothed and downy.

Fragrant, double, pink or white flowers are
borne in domed, terminal clusters in
summer. Zll HI 1-1.

C. fallax. See C. speciosissimum.

C. fragrans 'Pleniflorum'. See
C. chinense var. chinense.

C. philippinum. See C. chinense var.
chinense.

C. speciosissimum , syn. C. fallax.
Evergreen, erect to spreading, sparingly

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

branched shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Bears
broadly heart-shaped, wavy-edged leaves,
to 1ft (30cm) across, on long stalks and,
from late spring to fall, tubular, scarlet
flowers, with spreading petal lobes, in
terminal clusters 1ft (30cm) long. Makes a
good container plant. Z12-14 HI 1-10.

C. splendens (Bleeding heart
glorybower). Vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H 10ft (3m) or
more. Has oval to elliptic, rich green leaves.
Clusters of 5-petaled, tubular, scarlet
flowers, lin (2.5cm) wide, are produced in
summer. Zll Hll-10.

C. thomsoniae, illus. p.460.

C. trichotomum (Japanese clethra), illus.
p.142. Deciduous, upright, bushy-headed,
treelike shrub. H and S 15-20ft (5-6m).
Clusters of deep pink and greenish-white
buds open to fragrant, white flowers above
large leaves from late summer to mid-fall,
followed by blue fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

CLETHRA

CLETHRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their fragrant, white
flowers. Needs partial shade and moist,
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

C. alnifolia (Summersweet, Sweet pepper-
bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and
S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, toothed, mid-green
leaves and, in late summer and early fall,
slender spires of small, bell-shaped
flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

C. arborea (Lily-of-the-valley tree).
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or tree.

H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Bears long,
nodding clusters of small, strongly
fragrant, bell-shaped, white flowers among
oval, toothed, rich green leaves from late
summer to mid-fall. Z8-9 H9-8.

C. barbinervis, illus. p.129.

C. delavayi r illus. p.113.

CLEYERA

THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage
and flowers. Requires a sheltered position
in sun or partial shade and moist, acidic
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

C. fortunei 'Variegata'. See C. japonica
'Fortunei'

C. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Small, fragrant, bowl¬
shaped, creamy-white flowers are borne
in summer amid narrowly oblong to
oval-oblong, glossy, dark green leaves.
Occasionally has small, spherical, red
fruits, ripening to black. Z8-11 HI 1-7.
'Fortunei', syn. C. fortunei 'Variegata',
Eurya japonica 'Variegata', H and S 6ft
(2m), produces pink-flushed, young leaves,
later green edged with creamy-white.

CLIANTHUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers. Grow outdoors
in warm areas in well-drained soil and full
sun. In cooler areas needs to be under
glass. In spring, prune out growing tips to

give a bushier habit and cut out any dead
wood. Propagate by seed in spring or by
stem cuttings in late summer.

C. puniceus, illus. p.193. f. albus, illus.
p.192.

CLINTON IA

LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE ~

Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering,
rhizomatous perennials. Prefers shade and
moist but well-drained, peaty, neutral to
acidic soil. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in fall.

C. andrewsiana (Bluebead). Clump¬
forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). In early summer
produces clusters of small, bell-shaped,
pinkish-purple flowers at tops of stems,
above sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich
green leaves. Bears globose, blue fruits
in fall. Z8-9 H9-1.

C. borealis. Clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early
summer produces small, nodding, bell¬
shaped, yellowish-green flowers, followed
by small, globose, blackish fruits. Has
sparse, broadly oval, glossy, rich green
leaves. Z2-7 H8-1.

C. uniflora (Bride's bonnet). Spreading,
rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has oval, glossy, green
leaves. Slender stems bear solitary star¬
shaped, white flowers in late spring, then
large, globose, blue-black fruits. Z4-8 H8-1.

CLITORIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs
and twining climbers, grown for their
large, pealike flowers. Grow in full light
and in any fertile, well-drained soil. Water
moderately, less when not in full growth.
Provide support for stems. Thin out
crowded stems in spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by softwood cuttings in
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may
be a problem.

C. ternatea. Evergreen, twining climber
with slender stems. H 10-15ft (3-5m).
Leaves are divided into 3 or 5 oval leaflets.
Clear bright blue flowers, 3-5in (7-12cm)
wide, are borne in summer. Zll Hll-10.

CLIVIA

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of robust, evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their funnel-shaped
flowers. Is suitable for borders and large
containers. Needs partial shade and well-
drained soil. Water well in summer, less in
winter. Propagate by seed in winter or
spring or by division in spring or summer
after flowering. Mealy bugs may cause
problems. 0 All parts of C. miniata may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested, and
the sap may irritate skin.

C. miniata, illus. p.476.

C. nobilis (Violet trumpet vine).
Evergreen, spring- or summer-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves, 16-24in
(40-60cm) long. Each leafless stem bears a
dense, semi-pendent head of more than 20
narrowly funnel-shaped, red flowers, with
green tips and yellow margins to petals.
Z12-14 Hll-10.

CLUSIA

CLUSIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering climbers, shrubs and trees, grown
for their foliage and flowers. Needs partial
shade and well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately, very little when
temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated if
necessary. Propagate by layering in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
and red spider mite may be a problem.

C. major. See C. rosea.

C. rosea, syn. C. major (Autograph tree,
Copey, Fat pork tree. Pitch apple). Slow-
growing, evergreen, rounded tree or shrub.
H and S to 50ft (15m). Bears oval, lustrous,
deep green leaves. Cup-shaped, pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced in
summer, followed by globose, greenish
fruits that yield a sticky resin. Z14-15
H12-10.

CLYTOSTOMA

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their flowers.
Grow in well-drained soil, with partial
shade in summer. Water freely in summer,
less at other times. Provide support for
stems. Thin out congested growth after
flowering or in spring. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. callistegioides, syn. Pandorea
lindleyana, illus. p.461.

COBAEA

COBAEACEAE/POLEMONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody-
stemmed, tendril climbers. Only one
species, C. scandens, is generally cultivated.
Grow outdoors in warm areas in full
sun and well-drained soil. In cool regions
may be grown under glass or treated as an
annual. Propagate by seed in spring.

C. scandens, illus. p.204. f. alba (Asian
bellflower) is an evergreen, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. H 12—15ft (4-5m).
Has long-stalked, bell-shaped, green, then
white flowers from late summer until first
frosts. Leaves have 4 or 6 oval leaflets.
Zll-13 H12-10.

Cocos capitata. See Butia capitata.

CODIAEUM

EUPHORBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage. Prefers partial shade and
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
tips from young plants to promote a
branched habit. Propagate by greenwood
cuttings from firm stem tips in spring or
summer. Mealy bug and soft scale may be
a nuisance. 0 Contact with the foliage may
aggravate skin allergies.

C. variegatum var. pictum, illus. p.459.

CODONOPSIS

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of perennials and mostly
herbaceous, twining climbers, grown
for their bell- or saucer-shaped flowers.
Needs partial shade and light, well-drained
soil. Train over supports or leave to

COLCHICUM

scramble through other, larger plants.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

C. clematidea. Herbaceous, twining
climber. H to 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oval,
mid-green leaves. In summer produces
nodding, bell-shaped, blue-tinged, white
flowers, lin (2.5cm) long, marked inside
with darker veining and 2 purple rings.
Z7-9 H9-7.

C. convolvulacea, illus. p.205.

C. ovata. Upright perennial with scarcely
twining stems. H and S to 12in (30cm). Has
small, oval leaves and, in summer, small,
bell-shaped, pale blue flowers, often with
darker veins. Z7-9 H9-7.

COELOGYNE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

C. cristata, illus. p.465.

C. flaccida, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6in (15cm). In spring bears drooping
spikes of fragrant, star-shaped, light buff
flowers, lVdn (4cm) across, with yellow
and brown marks on each lip. Has
narrowly oval, semi-rigid leaves, 3-4in
(8-10cm) long. Needs partial shade in
summer. HI 1-6.

C. nitida, syn. C. ochracea, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 5in (12cm). In spring
produces sprays of very fragrant, white
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across and with a
yellow mark on each lip. Narrowly oval,
semi-rigid leaves are 3-4in (8-10cm) long.
Requires partial shade in summer. HI 1-6.

C. ochracea. See C. nitida.

C. speciosa. Vigorous, evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H lOin (25cm). In summer
produces pendent, light green flowers,
2 V 2 in (6cm) across, with brown- and white-
marked lips, that open in succession along
stems. Has broadly oval leaves, 9-1 Oin
(23-25cm) long. Needs full light in summer.
Z14-15 HI 1-6.

COIX

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. lacryma-jobi (Job's tears). Tuft¬
forming, annual grass. H 18-36in
(45-90cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has broad
leaves and insignificant spikelets followed
by hard, beadlike, green fruits turning
shiny, grayish-mauve in fall. Z7-11 HU-1.

COLCHICUM

Autumn crocus, Meadow saffron

LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE

Genus of spring- and fall-flowering corms,
grown for their mainly goblet-shaped
blooms, up to 8in (20cm) long, most of
which emerge before leaves. Each corm
bears 2-7 narrowly strap-shaped to
broadly elliptic, basal leaves. Needs an
open, sunny situation and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in fall. 0 All
parts are highly toxic if ingested and, if in
contact with skin, may cause irritation.

C. agrippinum, illus. p.425.

C. autumnale, illus. p.426. 'Alboplenum'
is an fall-flowering corm. H and S 4-6in
(10-15cm). In spring has 3-5 large.

545

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

COLEONEMA

semierect, basal, glossy, green leaves.
Produces a bunch of up to 8 long-tubed,
rounded, double, white flowers with 15-30
narrow petals. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Beaconsfield'. Robust, fall-flowering
corm. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears large,
goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-purple flowers,
faintly checkered and white in centers.
Large, semierect, basal leaves are borne
in spring. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. bivonae, syn. C. bowlesianum,

C. sibthorpii, illus. p.425.

C. bowlesianum. See C. bivonae.

C. x byzantinum , illus. p.426.

C. cilicicum , illus. p.425.

C. 'Lilac Wonder'. Vigorous, fall¬
flowering corm. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Has goblet-shaped, deep lilac-pink flowers,
6-8in (15-20cm) long. Broad, semierect,
basal leaves are produced in spring. Z4-9
H9-1.

C. luteum, illus. p.421.

C. sibthorpii. See C. bivonae.

C. speciosum. Vigorous, fall-flowering
corm. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears
goblet-shaped, pale to deep pinkish-purple
flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) long, often with
white throats. Large, semierect, basal
leaves develop in winter or spring. Z4-9
H9-1. 'Album', illus. p.424.

C. 'The Giant'. Robust, fall-flowering
corm. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm). Produces
up to 5 funnel-shaped, deep mauve-pink
flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) long, fading to
white in the center. Broad, semierect, basal
leaves are produced in winter or spring.
Z4-9 H9-1.

C. variegatum. Fall-flowering corm.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Bears
widely funnel-shaped, reddish-purple
flowers with strong checkered patterns.
More or less horizontal, basal leaves with
wavy margins are produced in spring.
Needs a hot, sunny site. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Waterlily', illus. p.425.

COLEONEMA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Requires full sun and well-
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container plants moderately when in full
growth, sparingly at other times. For a
more compact habit, clip after flowering.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

C. pulchrum. Evergreen, spreading to
domed shrub with wiry stems. H 2-4ft
(60cm-1.2m), S 3—5ft (1-1.5m). Has soft,
needlelike, bright green leaves. Produces
5-petaled, pale pink to red flowers in
spring-summer. Z8-11 Hll-8.

Coleus blumei var. verschaffeltii.

See Solenostemon scutellarioides.

Coleus thyrsoideus. See Plectranthus
thyrsoideus.

COLLETIA

RHAMNACEAE

546

Genus of deciduous, usually leafless
shrubs, grown for their curious, spiny
shoots and profuse, small flowers. Shoots
assume function of leaves. Requires a
sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

C. armata. See C. hystrix.

C. cruciata. See C. paradoxa.

C. hystrix, syn. C. armata , illus. p.130.
'Rosea' is a deciduous, sturdily branched
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). Shoots have
rigid, gray-green spines. Bears fragrant,
tubular, pink flowers in late summer and
early fall. Z7-11 H12-7.

C. paradoxa, syn. C. cruciata, illus. p.131.

COLLINSIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of spring- to summer-flowering
annuals. Needs partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Support with thin sticks.
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in spring
or early fall.

C. grandiflora, illus. p.312.

COLOCASIA

ARACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
perennial, marginal water plants, grown
for their foliage. Has edible tubers, known
as "taros," for which it is widely cultivated.
Is suitable for the edges of frost-free ponds;
may also be grown in wet soil in pots.
Grows in sun or light shade and in mud
or shallow water. Propagate by division
in spring. 0 All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested without cooking,
and contact with the sap may irritate the
skin.

C. antiquorum. See C. esculenta.

C. esculenta, syn. C. antiquorum.
'Fontanesii' is a deciduous, perennial,
marginal water plant. H 3Vzft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Has large, bold, oval, mid-green
leaves with dark green veins and margins
and blackish-violet leaf stalks and spathe
tubes. Z9-11 H12-8. 'Ulustris' has
brownish-purple leaf stalks and dark green
leaf blades with purple spots.

COLQUHOUNIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
shrubs, grown for their flowers in late
summer and fall. Needs a sheltered, sunny
position and well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

C. coccinea, illus. p.141.

COLUMNEA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, creeping or trailing
perennials or subshrubs, grown for their
showy flowers. Trailing species are useful
for hanging baskets. Needs bright but
indirect light, a fairly humid atmosphere
and moist soil, except in winter. Propagate
by tip cuttings after flowering.

C. x banksii, illus. p.470.

C. crassifolia, illus. p.470.

C. gloriosa (Goldfish plant). Evergreen,
trailing perennial with more or less
unbranched stems. H and S to 3ft (90cm).
Oval leaves have reddish hairs. Has tubular,
hooded, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long,
with yellow throats, in winter-spring.
Z13-15 Hll-10.

C. microphylla. Evergreen perennial,
sparsely branched on each trailing stem.

H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Has small,
rounded leaves with brown hairs. Hooded,

tubular, scarlet flowers, to 3in (8cm) long,
with yellow throats, are produced in
winter-spring. Z14-15 Hll-10. 'Variegata',
illus. p.475.

COLUTEA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their foliage, pealike
flowers and bladder-shaped seed pods.
Grow in full sun and any but waterlogged
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall. 0 The seeds
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
C. arborescens, illus. p.139.

C. x media, illus. p.140.

C. orientalis. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Has blue-gray leaves
consisting of 7 or 9 oval leaflets. Clusters
of yellow-marked, coppery-red flowers
produced in summer are followed by
inflated, green, then pale brown seed
pods. Z6-9 H9-6.

Comarostaphylis diversifolia. See

Arctostaphylos diversifolia.

COMBRETUM

COMBRETACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
scandent to twining climbers, grown for
their small, showy flowers. Provide rich,
well-drained soil, with partial shade in
summer. Water freely in summer, less at
other times. Support for stems is necessary.
Thin out and spur back congested growth
after flowering. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may
be a problem.

C. grandiflorum. Moderately vigorous,
evergreen, scandent to twining climber.

H to 20ft (6m). Has oblong to elliptic,
pointed leaves, 4-8in (10-20cm) long.
Tubular, bright red flowers with long
stamens are borne in summer in one-sided
spikes, 4-5in (10-13cm) long. Zll Hll-10.

C. indicum. See Quisqualis indica.

COMMELINA

Day flower
COMMELINACEAE

Genus of perennials, usually grown as
annuals. Needs a sunny, sheltered position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Crowns
should be lifted before the frosts and
overwintered in slightly moist, frost-free
conditions. Propagate by seed sown under
glass or by division of the crown in spring.
C. coelestis, syn. C. tuberosa Coelestis
Group, illus. p.315.

C. tuberosa Coelestis Group. See C.

coelestis.

CONANDRON

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of tuberous perennial,
grown for its fleshy leaves and drooping
flower clusters. Grow in alpine houses.
Needs shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Keep container plants moist in summer, dry
when dormant in winter. Propagate by
division or seed in spring.

C. ramondoides. Hummock-forming,
tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 8in
(20cm). Produces broadly oval, fleshy,
wrinkled, mid-green leaves with toothed

edges. In mid-summer, each flower stem
bears 5-25 tubular flowers, usually lilac, but
white, purple or pink forms also occur.

Z7-8 H8-7.

CONIFERS

Group of trees and shrubs, distinguished
botanically from others by producing seeds
exposed or uncovered on the scales of
fruits. Most conifers are evergreen, have
needlelike leaves and bear woody fruits
(cones). All genera in the Cupressaceae
family, however, have needlelike juvenile
leaves and, excepting many junipers and
some other selected forms, scalelike adult
leaves. Conifers described in this book are
evergreen unless otherwise stated.

Conifers are excellent garden plants.
Most provide year-round foliage, which
may be green, blue, gray, bronze, gold or
silver. They range in height from trees 130ft
(40m) or more tall to dwarf shrubs that
grow less than 2in (5cm) every 10 years.

Tall conifers may be planted as specimen
trees or to provide shelter, screening or
hedging. Dwarf conifers make good
features in their own right as well as in
groups; they also associate well with
heathers, add variety to rock gardens and
provide excellent groundcover. They may
also be grown in containers.

Position and soil
Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis, Larix and
Pinus need full sun. Cedrus, Juniperus
and Pseudolarix do not tolerate shade. All
other conifers will thrive in sun or shade,
and most Abies and all Cephalotaxus,
Podocarpus, Taxus, Thuja, Torreya and
Tsuga will grow in deep shade once
established. Wollemia prefers a sheltered
location out of full sun.

Conifers grow well on most soils, but
certain genera and species will not do well
on soils over chalk or limestone. In this
book, such conifers are: Abies, Pseudolarix,
Pseudotsuga and Tsuga-, also Picea, except
P. likiangensis, P. omorika and P. pungens-,
and Pinus, except P. aristata, P. armandii,

P. cembroides, P. halepensis, P. heldreichii,

P. nigra, P. peuce and P. wallichiana.

Certain conifers tolerate extreme
conditions. Abies alba, A. homolepis,

A. nordmanniana, Cryptomeria,
Cunninghamia, Metasequoia, Pinus coulteri,
P. peuce, P. ponderosa, Sciadopitys,

Sequoia, Sequoiadendron and Taxodium
will grow on heavy clay soils. Picea
omorika, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta,
Sciadopitys verticillata and Thuja plicata are
all happy on wet soil, and Metasequoia and
Taxodium thrive in waterlogged conditions.
Cupressus, Juniperus and Pinus grow well
on dry, sandy soil.

Pruning

If a conifer produces more than one leader,
remove all but one. Bear in mind when
trimming hedges that most conifers will not
make new growth when cut back into old
wood or from branches that have turned
brown. This does not, however, apply to
Cephalotaxus, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia,
Sequoia, Taxus, Torreya and Wollemia, and
these conifers may be kept to a reasonable
size in the garden by cutting back the main
stem, which will later coppice (make new
growth). Young specimens of Araucaria,
Ginkgo, Metasequoia and Taxodium will
sometimes do the same.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Propagation

Seed is the easiest method of
propagation, but forms selected for leaf
color (other than blue in some species)
do not come true. Sow in fall or spring.
All genera apart from Abies, Cedrus,
Picea (except young plants or dwarf
forms), Pinus, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga
and Tsuga (except young plants or dwarf
forms) may be raised fairly easily from
cuttings: current growth from fall to
spring for evergreens, softwood cuttings
in summer for deciduous conifers. Tall-
growing forms of Pinaceae [Abies,
Cedrus, Picea, Pinus, Pseudolarix,
Pseudotsuga and Tsuga ) are usually
propagated by grafting in late summer,
winter or early spring. Layering may be
possible for some dwarf conifers. It is
illegal to propagate Wollemia nobilis.

Pests and diseases

Honey fungus attacks many conifers,
especially young plants. Most resistant to
the disease are Abies, Calocedrus, Larix,
Pseudotsuga and Taxus. Green spruce
aphid may be a problem on Picea, and
conifer spinning mite may defoliate Abies,
Picea and some Pinus.

Conifers are illustrated on pp.95-105,
dwarf forms on pp.105. See also Abies,
Araucaria, Athrotaxis, Austrocedrus,
Calocedrus, Cedrus, Cephalotaxus,
Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria,
Cunninghamia, Cupressus, x Cuprocyparis,
Fitzroya, Ginkgo, Juniperus, Larix,
Metasequoia, Microbiota, Phyllocladus,
Picea, Pinus, Platycladus, Podocarpus,
Prumnopitys, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga,
Saxegothaea, Sciadopitys, Sequoia,
Sequoiadendron, Taxodium, Taxus,

Thuja, Thujopsis, Torreya, Tsuga
and Wollemia.

CONOPHYTUM

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, clump-forming,
perennial succulents with spherical or
2-eared leaves that grow for only 2 months
each year, after flowering. In early summer,
old leaves gradually shrivel to papery
sheaths from which new leaves and flowers
emerge in late summer. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter.
Propagate by seed from spring to fall or by
division in late summer.

C. bilobum, illus. p.494.

C. concordans, syn. Ophthalmophyllum
villetii, illus. p.484.

C. frutescens, syn. C. notabile, illus. p.496.
C. longum, syn. Ophthalmophyllum
herri, Ophthalmophyllum longum.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent.

H lVdn (3cm), S 5 /sin (1.5cm). Has 2
almost united, erect, cylindrical, very
fleshy, gray-green to brown leaves.

In late summer bears daisylike, white
to pink flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across.

Z12-14 Hll-10.

C. notabile. See C. frutescens.

C. truncatum (Larkspur). Slow-growing,
clump-forming, perennial succulent.

H 5 /8in (1.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has pea¬
shaped, dark-spotted, blue-green
leaves, each with a sunken fissure at
the tip. Produces daisylike, cream
flowers, 5 /8in (1.5cm) across, in fall.

Z12-15 Hll-10.

CONSOLIDA

Larkspur

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, providing excellent cut
flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Support stems of tall-growing plants
with sticks. Propagate by seed sown
outdoors in spring, or in early fall in mild
areas. Protect young plants from slugs and
snails. 0 The seeds are poisonous.

C. ajacis, syn. C. ambigua, Delphinium
consolida. Fast-growing, upright,
branching annual. Giant forms, H to 4ft
(1.2m), S 1ft (30cm); dwarf, H and S 1ft
(30cm). All have feathery, mid-green leaves
and, throughout summer, spikes of
rounded, spurred flowers. H9-1. Dwarf
Hyacinth Series has spikes of tubular
flowers in shades of pink, mauve, blue or
white. Giant Imperial Series (Giant
larkspur) has spikes of rounded, spurred,
double flowers in pink, blue or white.

C. ambigua. See C. ajacis.

CONVALLARIA

Lily-of-the-valley

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous
perennials. Prefers partial shade and rich,
moist soil. Propagate by division after
flowering or in fall. 0 The seeds of C.
majalis may cause mild stomach upset if
ingested.

C. majalis, illus. p.255. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Flore
Pleno' is a low-growing, rhizomatous
perennial. H 9-12in (23-30cm), S indefinite.
Sprays of small, very fragrant, pendent, bell¬
shaped flowers that are double and white
are produced in spring. Narrowly oval
leaves are mid- to dark green. 'Fortin's
Giant', H 18in (45cm), has larger flowers
and leaves that appear a little earlier.

CONVOLVULUS

CONVOLVULACEAE

Genus of dwarf, bushy and climbing
annuals, perennials and evergreen shrubs
and subshrubs. Grow in sun and in poor to
fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead to
prolong flowering. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in mid-spring for hardy
plants or under glass in spring for tender
plants; increase perennials and subshrubs
by softwood cuttings in late spring or
summer.

C. althaeoides, illus. p.362.

C. cneorum, illus. p.149.

C. mauritanicus. See C. sabatius.

C. minor. See C. tricolor.

C. purpureus. See Ipomoea purpurea.

C. sabatius, syn. C. mauritanicus, illus.
p.342.

C. tricolor, syn. C. minor. Moderately
fast-growing, upright, bushy or climbing
annual. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 8in (20cm).
Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In summer bears saucer-shaped,
blue or white flowers, lin (2.5cm) wide,
with yellowish-white throats. Tall, climbing
forms, H to 10ft (3m), are half-hardy and
have flowers to 4in (10cm) wide. Z9-11
Hll-10. 'Blue Flash' (bushy) illus. p.314.
'Flying Saucers' (climber) has blue-and-
white-striped flowers.

COPIAPOA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, perennial cacti
with funnel-shaped, yellow flowers. Many
species have large taproots. Needs partial
shade and very well-drained soil.

Propagate by seed or grafting in spring or
summer.

C. cinerea, illus. p.489.

C. coquimbana. Clump-forming,
spherical, then columnar, perennial cactus.
H to 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm). Dark gray-green
stem has 10-17 ribs. Areoles each bear
8-10 dark brown radial spines and 1 or 2
sturdier central spines. Yellow flowers,
lVfln (3cm) across, are borne in summer.

Is slow to form clumps. Z13-15 H12-10.

C. echinoides. Flattened spherical,
perennial cactus, ribbed like a sea urchin.

H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Solitary gray-
green stem bears dark brown spines, lV-dn
(3cm) long, which soon fade to gray. In
summer produces pale yellow flowers,
lVan (4cm) across. Z13-15 H12-10.

C. marginata. Clump-forming, perennial
cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Gray-
green stem bears very close-set areoles
with dark-tipped, pale brown spines, to
lVfln (3cm) long. Has yellow flowers,

3 A-2in (2-5cm) across, in spring-summer.
Z13-15 H12-10.

COPROSMA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and fruits.
Separate male and female plants are
needed to obtain fruits. Prefers full
light and well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely in summer,
moderately at other times. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in late summer.

C. baueriana. See C. repens.

C. baueri of gardens. See C. repens.

C. x kirkii. Evergreen, prostrate, then
semierect, densely branched shrub. H to 3ft
(lm), S 4—6ft (1.2-2m). Narrowly oblong to
lance-shaped, leathery, glossy leaves are
borne singly or in small clusters. In late
spring has insignificant flowers, followed
on female plants by tiny, egg-shaped,
translucent, white fruits with red speckles.
Z8-10 H10-8. 'Variegata', illus. p.152.

C. repens, syn. C. baueriana, C. baueri.
Evergreen, spreading, then erect shrub.

H and S to 6ft (2m). Has broadly oval,
leathery, lustrous, rich green leaves.
Produces insignificant flowers in late
spring, followed on female plants by
egg-shaped, orange-red fruits from late
summer to fall. Z8-10 H10-8. Leaves of
'Picturata' each have a central, cream
blotch.

CORDYLINE

AGAVACEAE/ASPARACACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown mainly for their foliage, although
some also have decorative flowers. Provide
fertile, well-drained soil and full light or
partial shade. Water container plants
moderately, less in winter. Propagate by
seed or suckers in spring or by stem
cuttings in summer. Red spider mite may
be a nuisance.

COREOPSIS

C. australis, syn. Dracaena australis (New
Zealand cabbage palm). Slow-growing,
evergreen, sparsely branched tree. H 50ft
(15m) or more, S 15ft (5m) or more. Each
stem is crowned by a rosette of strap¬
shaped leaves, 1—3ft (30cm-lm) long. Has
small, scented, white flowers in large, open
panicles in summer and, in fall, globose,
white fruits. Z10-11 Hll-10.
'Atropurpurea', illus. p.451. Long,
sword-shaped leaves of 'Veitchii' have red
bases and midribs.

C. fruticosa, syn. C. terminalis (Ti plant).
Slow-growing, evergreen, upright shrub,
sparingly branched and suckering. H 6—12ft
(2-4m), S 3—6ft (l-2m). Broadly lance¬
shaped, glossy, deep green leaves are 1—2ft
(30-60cm) long. Produces branched
panicles of small, white, purplish or reddish
flowers in summer. Zll Hll-7. Foliage of
'Baptistii' is deep green with pink and
yellow stripes and spots. 'Imperialis' has
red- or pink-marked, deep green leaves.

C. indivisa, syn. Dracaena indivisa. Slow-
growing, evergreen, erect tree or shrub.

H 10ft (3m) or more, S 6ft (2m). Bears lance¬
shaped, green leaves, 2—6ft (60cm-2m) long,
orange-brown veined above, blue-gray
tinted beneath. In summer, tiny, star¬
shaped, white flowers in dense clusters, 2ft
(60cm) or more long, are followed by tiny,
spherical, blue-purple fruits. Z9-10 Hll-10.
C. terminalis. See C. fruticosa.

COREOPSIS

Tickseed

compositae/asteraceaeT

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their daisylike flower heads. Needs full
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
annuals by seed in spring; C. lanceolata by
seed or division in spring; C. auriculata
'Superba' and C. grandiflora 'Badengold'
by softwood cuttings or division in spring
or summer; and C. verticillata by division in
spring.

C. auriculata 'Superba' (Tickseed).

Bushy perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
Daisylike, rich yellow flower heads, with
central, purple blotches, are borne in
summer. Oval to lance-shaped leaves are
lobed and light green. Some plants grown
as C. auriculata are the closely related
annual C. basalis. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. Coloropsis Series 'Jive'. Bushy, well-
branched, prolific perennial grown as an
annual. H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. Daisylike, deep crimson
flower heads, 2in (5cm) across, margined in
pure white, are borne in summer-fall.

C. 'Goldfink'. See C. lanceolata 'Goldfink'.
C. grandiflora. Z4-9 HI 1-1. 'Badengold'
Short-lived, erect perennial with lax stems.
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large,
daisylike, rich buttercup-yellow flower
heads in summer and broadly lance¬
shaped, divided, bright green leaves.
'Sunray', syn. C. 'Sunray' illus. p.321.

C. lanceolata, illus. p.276. 'Goldfink',
syn. C. 'Goldfink' is a short-lived, dwarf,
bushy perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
Sprays of daisylike, deep yellow flower
heads are held in summer above narrowly
oval, deep green leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

C. 'Limerock Buby', illus. p.268.

C. rosea 'American Dream'. Upright
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Has

C

547

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CORIARIA

small, lance-shaped, dark green leaves.
Produces masses of daisylike, yellow-
centered, pink flower heads, borne on
self-supporting, branched stems, in mid¬
summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

C. 'Rum Punch', illus. p.326.

C. 'Sunray'. See C. grandiflora 'Sunray 7 .

C. tinctoria, illus. p.321. 'Golden Crown'
(Threadleaf coreopsis) is a fast-growing,
upright, bushy annual. H 24in (60cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green
leaves and, in summer and early fall, large,
daisylike, deep yellow flower heads with
brown centers. Z4-9 HI2-1.

C. verticillata , illus. p.276.

CORIARIA

CORIARIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, spring- or summer¬
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
for their habit, foliage and fruits. Needs full
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall. ® The leaves and fruits of some
species may cause severe stomach upset if
ingested; in other species, the fruits are
edible, although the seeds are thought to
be poisonous.

C. terminalis. Deciduous, arching
subshrub. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Broadly
lance-shaped, fernlike, mid-green leaves
turn red in fall. Minute, green flowers in
late spring are followed by small, spherical,
black fruits. Z9-11 HI 1-1. var.
xanthocarpa, illus. p.161.

CORNUKAEMPFERIA

Q ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of herbaceous
perennial with underground rhizomes,
grown for its large, colorful leaves and
flowers. Grow in moist but well-drained
soil in partial or full shade. Keep dry when
dormant. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in spring.

C. aurantiflora. Herbaceous, rhizomatous
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
ovate, ribbed, dark green and silver leaves,
to lOin (25cm) long, with purple
undersides, borne close to the ground.
Tubular, orange flowers, 2in (5cm) long, are
borne, in summer, from short stalks in the
leaf axils. Requires full shade. 'Jungle
Gold' (illus. p.477) has largely silver leaves
and deep orange-red buds that open into
orange-gold flowers, with red lines.

CORNUS

Dogwood

CORNACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous
or evergreen trees, grown for their flowers,
foliage or brightly colored winter stems.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Those grown for winter stem
color do best in full sun. C. florida, C. kousa
and C. nuttallii dislike shallow, chalky soil.

C. canadensis prefers acidic soil. Plants
grown for their stems should be cut back
almost to ground level each year in early
spring. Propagate C. alba and C. sericea
'Flaviramea' by softwood cuttings in
summer or by hardwood cuttings in fall or
~ winter; variegated forms of C. altemifolia
548 and C controversa by grafting in winter; C.
_ canadensis by division in spring or fall; C.

capitata, C. florida and C. kousa by seed in
fall or by softwood cuttings in summer; C.
nuttallii by seed in fall; all others described
here by softwood cuttings in summer.

® The fruits of some species may cause
mild stomach upset if ingested; contact
with the leaf hairs may irritate skin.

C. alba (Tatarian dogwood). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright, then spreading shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Young shoots are bright
red in winter. Has oval, dark green leaves,
often red or orange in fall. Bears flattened
heads of star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
in late spring and early summer, followed
by spherical, sometimes blue-tinted, white
fruits. Z2-8 H8-1. 'Aurea' (illus. p.126) has
pale greenish-yellow leaves in summer.
'Elegantissima' (illus. p.126) has white-
edged, gray-green leaves. 'Gouchaultii'
has pink-flushed leaves broadly edged with
yellow. 'Kesselringii' (illus. p.126) has
dark green leaves flushed reddish-purple in
fall. 'Sibirica' illus. p.143. 'Sibirica
Variegata' (illus. p.142) has gray-green
leaves with creamy-white margins.
'Spaethii' (Pagoda dogwood) (illus. p.126)
has bright green leaves with yellow edges.
C. altemifolia, illus. p.87. Deciduous,
spreading tree or bushy shrub, with tiered
branches. H and S 20ft (6m). Oval, bright
green leaves, which each taper to a point,
often turn red in fall. Clusters of tiny, star¬
shaped, creamy-white flowers in early
summer are followed by small, rounded,
blue-black fruits. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Argentea'
(Giant dogwood), illus. p.87 has narrowly
oval, white-variegated leaves.

C. canadensis, syn. Chamaepericlymenum
canadense, illus. p.360.

C. capitata, syn. Dendrobenthamia
capitata (Evergreen dogwood), illus. p.87.
Evergreen or semievergreen, spreading
tree. H and S to 40ft (12m). Pale yellow
bracts, surrounding insignificant flowers,
are produced in early summer, followed by
large, strawberry-like, red fruits. Has oval,
gray-green leaves. Is good for a mild
coastal area. Z8-9 H9-8.

C. controversa (Flowering dogwood),
illus. p.87. Deciduous tree with layered
branches. H and S 50ft (15m). Leaves are
oval, pointed and bright green, turning
purple in fall. Clusters of small, star¬
shaped, white flowers are borne in
summer. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Variegata' (Giant
dogwood), H and S 25ft (8m), leaves are
bright green with broad, creamy-white
margins and turn yellow in fall.

C. 'Eddie's White Wonder', illus. p.87.
Deciduous, spreading tree or shrub. H 20ft
(6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, white bracts,
surrounding insignificant flowers, are
produced in late spring. Oval leaves are
mid-green, turning red and purple in fall.
Z5-8 H8-5.

C. florida (Flowering dogwood).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 20ft (6m),

S 25ft (8m). In late spring bears white or
pinkish-white bracts surrounding tiny,
insignificant flowers. Oval, pointed, dark
green leaves turn red and purple in fall.
Z5-8 H8-3. 'Apple Blossom' has pale
pink bracts. 'Cherokee ChieF (illus. p.87)
bears pink-red bracts, fading to white close
to each flower. 'Cherokee Princess'

(illus. p.87) has bronze-colored leaves that
mature to dark green. 'Rainbow' (illus.
p.87) has a compact, erect habit, white
bracts and yellow-edged leaves turning

purple-red in fall. f. rubra bears pink or
red bracts. 'Spring Song' has pink bracts.
'Welchii', illus. p.89. 'White Cloud' has
large white bracts.

C. kousa, illus. p.85. var. chinensis (illus.
p.87) has larger flower heads and more
narrowly pointed bracts, var. chinensis
'China Girl' (Bigleaf dogwood) (illus. p.87)
bears creamy-white bracts and mid-green
leaves turning orange-red in fall. 'Miss
Satomi' (illus. p.87) has deep pink bracts
and bright green leaves turning orange
and red in fall. 'National' (illus. p.87) is
vigorous, has bright green leaves turning
to orange and red in fall, and bears large,
white bracts that mature to pink.

C. macrophylla. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Glossy,
bright green leaves are large, pointed and
oval. Clusters of small, creamy-white
flowers are produced in summer. Z7-8
H8-7.

C. mas (Cornelian cherry), illus. p.87.
Deciduous, spreading, open shrub or tree.

H and S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves
change to reddish-purple in fall. Produces
small, star-shaped, yellow flowers on bare
shoots in late winter and early spring, then
edible, oblong, bright red fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Aureoelegantissima', syn. C. mas
'Elegantissima' (illus. p.87), H 6ft (2m),

S 10ft (3m), has pink-tinged leaves edged
with yellow. 'Elegantissima'. See C. mas
'Aureoelegantissima'. 'Variegata' is bushy
and dense and produces white-edged, dark
green leaves.

C. 'Norman Hadden'. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Creamy-
white bracts around tiny flowers turn to
deep pink in summer. These are often
followed by strawberry-like fruits in fall.
Z5-8 H8-5.

C. nuttallii (Western dogwood).
Deciduous, conical tree. H 40ft (12m),

S 25ft (8m). Has oval, dark green leaves
and large, white bracts, surrounding tiny
flowers, borne in late spring. Z7-8 H8-7.
'Monarch' (illus. p.87) is a vigorous,
spreading tree with rounded, white bracts
in mid-spring and purple-blushed shoots
bearing mid-green leaves.

C. 'Porlock' (Kousa dogwood), illus. p.87.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 15ft (5m). Creamy-white bracts around
tiny flowers turn to deep pink in summer.
These are often followed by heavy crops of
strawberry-like fruits in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

C. sanguinea (Bloodtwig dogwood), illus.
p.142. Deciduous, upright shrub. H to 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Reddish-green, sometimes
entirely green, winter shoots are a deep red
color when young. Ovate, mid-green leaves
turn reddish-purple in fall. Flattened heads
of star-shaped, white flowers, in late
spring, are followed by egg-shaped, blue-
black fruits. Thrives in damp soil. Z4-7
H7-1. 'Midwinter Fire' (illus. p.126)
produces flame-colored stems—yellow at
the bases rising to scarlet-red on younger
growth. 'Winter Beauty' (illus. p.126) has
orange-yellow winter stems, tipped with
crimson, and yellow-red fall leaf color.

C. sericea, syn. C. stolonifera (Red osier
dogwood). Z3-8 H8-1. 'Flaviramea' (illus.
p.126) is a vigorous, deciduous shrub. H 6ft
(2m), S 13ft (4m). Has olive-green to yellow,
young shoots in winter and ovate, mid¬
green leaves. Flattened heads of small, star¬
shaped cream flowers, in late spring and

early summer, are followed by ovoid,
creamy-white fruits. 'Kelseyi' (illus. p.126),
H 272ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m), is compact and
has yellow-green winter stems tipped with
orange-red. 'White Gold', syn. C. sericea
'White Spot' (illus. p.126) has mid-green
leaves margined and mottled with white.
'White Spot'. See C. sericea 'White Gold'.
C. stolonifera. See C. sericea.

COROKIA

escalloniaceae/argophyllaceaF

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
habit, foliage, flowers and fruits. Is good in
mild, coastal areas, where it is very wind-
tolerant. Protect from strong winds at
limits of hardiness. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

C. buddlejoides. Evergreen, upright
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has slender,
gray shoots and narrowly oblong, glossy,
dark green leaves. Bears panicles of star¬
shaped, yellow flowers in late spring,
followed by spherical, blackish-red
fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. cotoneaster, illus. p.144.

C. x virgata. Evergreen, upright, dense
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are oblong
and glossy, dark green above, white
beneath. Produces star-shaped, yellow
flowers in mid-spring, then egg-shaped,
bright orange fruits. Makes a good hedge,
especially in coastal areas. Z8-10 H10-8.

CORONILLA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and perennials, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Requires full sun and light, well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

C. glauca. See C. valentina subsp. glauca.

C. valentina subsp. glauca, syn. C.
glauca, illus. p.195.

CORREA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Prefers full light or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained, neutral to acidic
soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less when not in flower.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

C. backhouseana. Evergreen, rounded,
well-branched shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
Leaves are oval to elliptic and dark green,
with dense, pale buff down beneath.
Tubular, pale yellow-green to white flowers
are produced in spring and intermittently
until fall. Z9-10 H10-8.

C. x harrisii. See C. 'Mannii'.

C. 'Mannii', syn. C. x harrisii, C. 'Harrisii'.
Evergreen, bushy, slender-stemmed
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has narrowly
oval leaves with short hairs beneath.
Tubular, scarlet flowers are borne in
summer-fall, sometimes in other seasons.
Z9-10 H10-9.

C. pulchella, illus. p.164.

C. reflexa, syn. C. speciosa. Evergreen,
bushy, slender-stemmed shrub. H and S to
6ft (2m). Oval leaves have thick down
beneath. Bears tubular, greenish-yellow to
crimson or rose flowers, with greenish-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

white petal tips, in summer-fall, sometimes
in other seasons. Z9-10 H10-9.

C. speciosa. See C. reflexa.

CORTADERIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. richardii, illus. p.284.

C. selloana (Pampas grass). Evergreen,
clump-forming, stately, perennial grass.

H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrow,
very sharp-edged, outward-curving leaves,
5ft (1.5m) long. In late summer, erect,
plumelike, silvery panicles, up to 2ft (60cm)
long, are borne above mid-green leaves.
Male and female flowers are produced on
separate plants; females, with long, silky
hairs, are more decorative. Z7-11 HI 1-7.
'Aureoiineata', syn. C. selloana 'Gold
Band', H to 7ft (2.2m), is compact, and has
leaves with rich yellow margins aging to
dark golden-yellow. 'Gold Band'. See C.
selloana 'Aureolineata'. 'Silver Comet'
illus. p.285. 'Sunningdale Silver', illus.
p.284.

CORTUSA

PRIMULACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, spring- and
summer-flowering perennials, related to
Primula, with one-sided racemes of bell¬
shaped flowers. Is not suitable for hot, dry
climates as needs shade and rich, moist
soil. Propagate by seed when fresh or by
division in fall.

C. matthioli, illus. p.341.

CORYDALIS

PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
annuals and tuberous or fibrous-rooted
perennials, some of which are evergreen,
grown for their tubular, spurred, 2-lipped
flowers or for their fernlike leaves. Needs
full sun or partial shade and well-drained
soil; some require rich soil and cool
growing conditions. Propagate by seed in
fall or by division when dormant: fall for
spring-flowering species, spring for
summer-flowering species.

C. ambigua of gardens. See C.
fumariifolia.

C. bulbosa of gardens. See C. cava.

C. cashmeriana. Tuft-forming, fibrous-
rooted perennial. H 4-10in (10-25cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has divided, semierect,
basal leaves and, in summer, dense spikes
of 2-lipped, brilliant blue flowers. Needs
cool, partially shaded, rich, neutral to acidic
soil. Is good for a rock garden. Dies down
in winter. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. cava, syn. C. bulbosa. Spring¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4-8in
(10-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Leaves
are semierect, basal and much divided.
Produces dense spikes of tubular, dull
purple flowers. Dies down in summer.
Z6-8 H8-6.

C. cheilanthifolia, illus. p.335.

C. diphylla, illus. p.354.

C. fumariifolia, syn. C. ambigua.

Tuberous perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S to
4in (10cm). Stem bears much-divided
leaves and a short spike of 2-lipped, azure-
blue or purplish-blue flowers, with

flattened, triangular spurs, from spring to
early summer. Dies down in summer.

Z5-8 H8-5.

C. halleri. See C. solida.

C. lutea, syn. Pseudofumaria lutea, illus.
p.344.

C. nobilis. Perennial with long, fleshy,
fibrous roots. H and S 8-14in (20-35cm).
Bears much-divided leaves on lower part of
flower stems, each of which bears a dense
spike of long-spurred, pale yellow flowers,
with lips tipped green or brown, in early
summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. ochroleuca of gardens, syn.
Pseudofumaria alba, Pseudofumaria
ochroleuca, illus. p.337.

C. popovii, illus. p.349.

C. solida, syn. C. halleri. Tuft-forming,
tuberous perennial. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S 3-5in (8-12cm). Leaves alternate on
flower stems, each of which bears a dense
spike of dull purplish-red flowers in spring.
Dies down in summer. Z5-7 H7-3. 'George
Baker', syn. C. solida 'G.P. Baker', illus.
p.353. 'G.P. Baker'. See C. solida 'George
Baker'.

C. wilsonii, illus. p.335.

CORYLOPSIS

Winterhazel

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
grown for their fragrant, yellow flowers,
which are produced before hazel-like
leaves emerge. Late frosts may damage
flowers. Prefers partial shade and fertile,
moist but well-drained, acidic soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

C. glabrescens, illus. p.lll.

C. pauciflora, illus. p.126.

C. sinensis, syn. C. willmottiae. Vigorous,
deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H and
S 12ft (4m). Leaves are bright green above,
blue-green beneath. Clusters of bell¬
shaped, pale yellow flowers are produced
from early to mid-spring. Z5-9 H9-2.
'Spring Purple' (Spike winter hazel) has
deep plum-purple, young leaves.

C. spicata. Deciduous, spreading, open
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bristle¬
toothed leaves are dull, pale green above,
blue-green beneath. Drooping clusters of
bell-shaped, pale yellow flowers are borne
in mid-spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. willmottiae. See C. sinensis.

CORYLUS

Hazel

CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their habit, catkins and often
edible fruits (nuts). Prefers sun or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut out
suckers as they arise. Propagate species by
seed in fall, cultivars by grafting in late
summer or by suckers or layering in late
fall to early spring. Mildew may cause
defoliation; other fungi and insects may
spoil nuts.

C. avellana (European filbert). 'Contorta'
illus. p.118.

C. colurna (Turkish hazel). Deciduous,
conical tree. H 70ft (20m), S 22ft (7m).

Has broadly oval, strongly toothed, almost
lobed, dark green leaves. Long, yellow
catkins are borne in late winter. Clusters

of nuts are set in fringed husks. Z5-7 H7-5.
C. maxima (Giant filbert). Vigorous,
deciduous, bushy, open shrub or tree.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, toothed,
mid-green leaves, long, yellow catkins in
late winter and edible, egg-shaped, brown
nuts. Z4-9 H9-1. 'Purpurea' illus. p.115.

CORYNOCARPUS

CORYNOCARPACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage and overall appearance. Needs full
light or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately, less when
temperatures are low. Pruning is tolerated
if necessary. Propagate by seed when ripe
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. laevigatus, illus. p.451.

CORYPHANTHA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of perennial cacti with roughly
spherical, spiny, green stems. Stems have
elongated areoles in grooves running along
upper sides of tubercles; many species show
this groove only on very old plants. Funnel-
shaped flowers are produced in summer,
followed by cylindrical, green seed pods.
Needs full sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

C. cornifera, syn. C. radians, illus. p.480.
C. radians. See C. cornifera.

C. vivipara. See Escobaria vivipara.

COSMOS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering
annuals and tuberous perennials. Needs
sun and does best in moist but well-drained
soil. In mild areas, tubers of half-hardy
C. atrosanguineus may be overwintered in
ground if protected with a deep mulch.
Propagate half-hardy species by basal
cuttings in spring, annuals by seed in fall
or spring.

C. atrosanguineus, syn. Bidens
atrosanguinea, illus. p.238. Chocamocha
('Thomocha') illus. p.306.

C. bipinnatus. Upright, bushy annual.

H to 5ft (1.5m), S lVzft (45cm). Has feathery,
mid-green leaves, and, throughout
summer, produces solitary, bowl- or
saucer-shaped flower heads in white, pink,
or crimson, with yellow centers. H12-1.
'Candy Stripe', H to 3ft (90cm), has white
flower heads, edged and flecked with
crimson. 'Sea Shells', H to 3ft (90cm),
produces carmine-red, pink, or white
flower heads with tubular florets.
Sensation Series illus. p.305.

C. sulphureus Ladybird Series. Group
of upright, bushy annuals. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, mid¬
green leaves, and in summer produces
clusters of bowl-shaped, semidouble flower
heads in yellow, orange, or scarlet, with
black centers. H12-1.

COSTUS

Ginger lily , Spiral flag
ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of mostly clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennials, grown for their
showy, solitary or paired, tubular flowers

COTON EASTER

with basal bracts. Grow in a humid
atmosphere, out of direct sunlight, in rich
soil. Propagate by division in spring.
Container-grown plants may be attacked
by red spider mite.

C. speciosus (Malay ginger), illus. p.477.
Clump-forming, rhizomatous perennial.

H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (lm). Has narrowly
oval, downy leaves, to lOin (25cm) long.
Reddish bracts are spine-tipped, each
surrounding a white or pink-flushed flower,
to 4in (10cm) wide, with a broad, yellow-
centered lip; flowers are produced
intermittently throughout the year. HI 1-9.

COTIN US

ANACARDIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage, flower heads and
fall color. Individual flowers are
inconspicuous. Requires a position in full
sun or partial shade, with fertile but not
over-rich soil. Purple-leaved forms need
full sun to bring out their best colors.
Propagate species by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, cultivars by cuttings only in summer.
C. americanus. See C. obovatus.

C. coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus (Smoke
bush). Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and
S 15ft (5m). Leaves are rounded or oval and
light green, becoming yellow or red in fall.
From late summer, as insignificant fruits
develop, masses of tiny flower stalks form
plumelike, pale fawn, later gray clusters.
Z5-9 H9-3. 'Flame'. See C. 'Flame'.

Golden Spirit ('Ancot') illus. p.116.
'Notcutt's Variety' illus. p.115. 'Royal
Purple' has deep pink plumes and deep
purplish-red leaves.

C. 'Flame', syn. C. coggyria 'Flame', illus.
p.117.

C. obovatus, syn. C. americanus, Rhus
cotinoides (Creeping cotoneaster).

Vigorous, deciduous, bushy shrub or tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has large, oval
leaves that are bronze-pink when young,
maturing to mid-green and turning orange,
red and purple in fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

COTONEASTER

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their foliage, flowers and fruits. Some
species make fine specimen plants; others
may be used for hedging or groundcover.
Deciduous species and cultivars prefer full
sun, but evergreens do well in either sun or
partial shade. All resent waterlogged soil
and are particularly useful for dry sites.
Propagate species by cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall, hybrids and cultivars by
cuttings only, in summer. Take semiripe
cuttings for evergreens and
semievergreens, softwood cuttings for
deciduous plants. Fireblight is a common
problem. (D The seeds may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

C. adpressus. Deciduous, arching shrub.
H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Rounded, wavy-
edged, dark green leaves redden in fall.
Produces small, 5-petaled, pink flowers in
early summer, then spherical, red fruits.
Z5-7 H7-1.

C. 'Autumn Fire'. See C. 'Herbstfeuer'.

C. bullatus 'Firebird', syn. C. 'Firebird'.

549

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

COTON EASTER

Deciduous, bushy, open shrub. H and S 10ft
(3m). Large, oval, deeply veined, dark green
leaves redden in fall. Small, 5-petaled,
white flowers in early summer are followed
by masses of spherical, bright red fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6. var. macrophyllus. See
C. rehderi.

C. cashmiriensis, syn. C. cochleatus,

C. microphyllus var. cochleatus of gardens
(Pyrenees cotoneaster). Evergreen,
prostrate shrub. H to lVaft (45cm), S 6ft
(2m). Has small, oval, notched, dark green
leaves. Small, white flowers are produced
in late spring, followed by spherical, red
fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. cochleatus of gardens. See
C. cashmiriensis.

C. congestus (Wintergreen cotoneaster).
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in (20cm),

S 6ft (2m). Forms dense mounds of oval,
dull green leaves. Produces small,

5-petaled, pinkish-white flowers in early
summer, followed by spherical, bright red
fruits. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7-8
H8-7.

C. conspicuus, syn. C. conspicuus var.
decorus, illus. p.142. Evergreen, prostrate,
arching shrub. H 1ft (30cm), S 6—10ft
(2-3m). Has oblong, glossy, very dark green
leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in
late spring are succeeded by large,
spherical, scarlet or orange-red fruits. Z6-8
H8-6. var. decorus. See C. conspicuus.

C. 'Coral Beauty'. Evergreen, arching,
dense shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Has
small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves and,
in early summer, produces small, 5-petaled,
white flowers. Fruits are spherical and
bright orange-red. Z7-8 H8-7.

C C. 'Cornubia', illus. p.117.

C. dielsianus (Spreading cotoneaster).
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 8ft
(2.5m). Slender shoots are clothed in oval,
dark green leaves. Produces small,
5-petaled, pink flowers in early summer,
followed by spherical, glossy, red fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6.

C. divaricatus, illus. p.122.

C. 'Exburiensis'. Evergreen or
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, bright
green leaves, small, 5-petaled, white
flowers, in early summer, and spherical,
yellow fruits, sometimes tinged pink later.
Z6-8 H8-6.

C. 'Firebird'. See C. bullatus 'Firebird'.

C. franchetii. Evergreen or
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft
(3m). Oval, gray-green leaves are white
beneath. Bears small, 5-petaled, pink-
tinged, white flowers in early summer, then
a profusion of oblong, bright orange-red
fruits. Z7-9 H9-7. var. sternianus. See C.
stemianus.

C. frigidus (Tree cotoneaster), illus. p.142.
Vigorous, deciduous tree, upright when
young, arching when mature. H and S 30ft
(10m). Has large, broadly oval, wavy-
edged, dull green leaves and broad heads
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers borne in
early summer, followed by large clusters of
small, long-lasting, spherical, bright red
fruits. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. glaucophyllus. Evergreen, arching,
open shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
oval, dark green, bluish-white beneath.

— Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in
550 mid-summer, followed by small, spherical,
deep red fruits in fall. Z7-8 H8-7. var.

serotinus. See C. serotinus.

C. 'Gnom', syn. C. 'Gnome', C. salicifolius
'Gnom'. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 8in
(20cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears narrowly lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves, small, 5-petaled,
white flowers, in early summer, and
clusters of small, spherical, red fruits.
Makes good groundcover. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. 'Gnome'. See C. 'Gnom'.

C. 'Herbstfeuer', syn. C. 'Autumn Fire'.
Evergreen, prostrate or arching shrub.

H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft (2m). Has lance-shaped,
bright green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white
flowers in early summer are followed by
spherical, bright red fruits. May be grown
as groundcover or as a weeping standard.
Z5-8 H8-5.

C. horizontalis, illus. p.208.

C. hupehensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, bright green
leaves turn yellow in fall. Masses of small,
5-petaled, white flowers in late spring are
succeeded by large, spherical, bright red
fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. 'Hybridus Pendulus'. Evergreen,
prostrate shrub, almost always grown as a
weeping standard. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Has oblong, dark green leaves. Small,
5-petaled, white flowers in early summer
are followed by spherical, deep red fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6.

C. integrifolius, syn. C. microphyllus of
gardens. Evergreen, spreading, dense
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Rigid shoots
are clothed in small, oval, dark green
leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white flowers in
late spring are followed by spherical, red
fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. lacteus, illus. p.117.

C. linearifolius , syn. C. microphyllus var.
thymifolius of gardens. Evergreen,
prostrate shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m).
Rigid branches bear tiny, narrow, blunt-
ended, glossy leaves. Produces small, white
flowers in late spring, followed by
spherical, red fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. microphyllus of gardens. See
C. integrifolius. var. cochleatus of
gardens. See C. cashmiriensis. var.
thymifolius of gardens. See
C. linearifolius.

C. prostratus of gardens. See
C. rotundifolius.

C. rehderi , syn. C. bullatus var.
macrophyllus. Deciduous, bushy, open
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Very large,
oval, deeply veined, dark green leaves turn
red in fall. Clusters of small, 5-petaled, pink
flowers, borne in late spring and early
summer, are succeeded by spherical, bright
red fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. 'Rothschildianus'. Evergreen or
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Has narrowly oval, bright green
leaves, small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in
early summer, and large clusters of
spherical, golden-yellow fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.
C. rotundifolius, syn. C. prostratus
(Willowleaf cotoneaster). Evergreen,
arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft (2.5m).

Has small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
Produces small, 5-petaled, white flowers in
early summer, followed by spherical, deep
red fruits. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. salicifolius, illus. p.142. Vigorous,
evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. Small, 5-petaled, white
flowers, in early summer, are followed by

clusters of small, spherical, red fruits. Z6-8
H8-3. 'Gnom'. See C. 'Gnom'.

C. serotinus, syn. C. glaucophyllus var.
serotinus. Evergreen, arching, open shrub.
H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, dark green
leaves. Small, white flowers are borne from
mid- to late summer and the egg-shaped to
almost spherical, bright red fruits last until
spring. Z7-8 H8-7.

C. simonsii, illus. p.143.

C. 'Skogsholmen'. See C. x suecicus
'Skogholm'.

C. sternianus, syn. C. franchetii var.
stemianus, illus. p.141.

C. x suecicus 'Skogholm', syn. C.
'Skogsholmen'. Evergreen, arching, wide-
spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 10ft (3m).
Leaves are small, oval and glossy, dark
green. Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers
in early summer, then rather sparse,
spherical, red fruits. Makes good
groundcover. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. x watereri 'John Waterer', illus.
p.142. Vigorous, evergreen or
semievergreen, arching shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves.
Bears small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in
early summer, followed by a profusion of
spherical, red fruits in large clusters. Z6-8
H8-6.

COTULA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and a few marginal
water plants, most of which are evergreen,
grown for their neat foliage and button-like
flower heads. Many species are useful for
cracks in paving stones, but may be
invasive. Most need a position in full sun,
with well-drained soil that is not too dry.
Propagate by division in spring.

C. atrata. See Leptinella atrata.

C. coronopifolia (Brass buttons). Short¬
lived, deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
fleshy stems, small, lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves and, in summer, button-like,
yellow flower heads. Z7-9 H9-7.

COTYLEDON

CRASSULACEAE

Genus of evergreen, succulent shrubs and
subshrubs, grown for their diverse foliage
that ranges from large, oval, gray leaves to
small, cylindrical, mid-green leaves. Prefers
a sunny or partially shaded site and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

C. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi.

C. orbiculata. Evergreen, upright,
succulent shrub. H and S 20in (50cm) or
more. Swollen stem bears thin, oval, mid¬
green leaves, densely coated in white wax
and sometimes red-edged. Flower stems,
to 28in (70cm) long, have pendent, tubular,
orange flowers in fall. Z12-15 H12-10. var.
oblonga , syn. C. undulata has flat, wavy
tips to the leaves and bell-shaped, orange
flowers.

C. paniculata. See Tylecodon paniculatus.
C. reticulata. See Tylecodon reticulatus.

C. simplicifolia. See Chiastophyllum
oppositifolium.

C. tomentosa subsp. ladismithensis.

Evergreen, freely branching, later
prostrate, succulent subshrub. H and S 8in
(20cm). Has fleshy, green leaves, swollen

and blunt at tips and covered with short,
golden-brown hairs. Clusters of tubular,
brownish-red flowers are borne in fall. Z12
Hll-10.

C. undulata. See C. orbiculata var.
oblonga.

C. wallichii. See Tylecodon wallichii.

CRAM BE

BRASSICACEAE/CRUCIFERAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their bold leaves and large sprays of
white flowers in summer. Leaf shoots of
C. maritima are eaten as a spring vegetable.
Grow in any well-drained soil; prefers an
open position in full sun but tolerates some
shade. Propagate by division in spring or
by seed in fall or spring.

C. cordifolia, illus. p.216.

C. maritima, illus. p.264.

CRASPEDIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of basal-rosetted, summer-flowering
perennials, some of which are best treated
as annuals. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed when very fresh, in
summer.

C. incana. Basal-rosetted perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 4in (10cm). Has
narrowly oval, basal leaves, with dense,
woolly, white hairs beneath, and smaller
leaves on flower stem. In summer, many
domed heads of 3-10 tiny, tubular, yellow
flowers are produced in large, terminal
clusters. Z9-10 H10-9.

CRASSULA

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents and
evergreen, succulent shrubs and
subshrubs, ranging from 3 Ain (2cm) high,
very succulent-leaved species to 15ft (5m)
shrubby types. Most are easy to grow.

Most prefer full sun; others like partial
shade. Needs very well-drained soil and a
little water in winter. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or fall.

C. arborescens, illus. p.490.

C. argentea of gardens. See C. ovata.

C. coccinea, syn. Rochea coccinea.
Evergreen, erect, succulent shrub. H to
24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
Alternate pairs of fleshy, oval to oblong-
oval, hairy-margined, dull green leaves,
each united at the base, are arranged at
right angles in 4 rows up woody, green
stems. Produces umbels of tubular,
bright red flowers in summer or fall.
Z12-15 H12-10.

C. cooperi. See C. exilis subsp. cooperi.

C. deceptor, syn. C. deceptrix, illus. p.488.
C. deceptrix. See C. deceptor.

C. exilis subsp. cooperi, syn. C. cooperi.
Carpeting, perennial succulent. H 3 /4in
(2cm), S 12in (30cm). Has small, spoon- to
lance-shaped, light green leaves, pitted
with darker green or blackish-green marks.
Produces clusters of minute, 5-petaled,
white to pale pink flowers in winter. Z12-15
H12-10.

C. falcata. See C. perfoliata var. falcata.

C. lactea. Prostrate to semierect, perennial
succulent. H 8in (20cm), S 3ft (lm). Leaves
are triangular-oval, glossy and dark green.
In winter produces masses of small.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

5-petaled, white flowers in terminal
clusters. Likes partial shade. Z12-15
H12-10.

C. lycopodioides. See C. muscosa.

C. multicava, illus. p.484.

C. muscosa, syn. C. lycopodioides. Dense,
bushy, woody-based, perennial succulent.

H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears small,
scalelike, neatly overlapping, mid-green
leaves arranged in 4 rows around erect
stems. In spring produces tiny, 5-petaled,
greenish-yellow flowers. Likes partial
shade. Z12-15 H12-10.

C. ovata, syn. C. argentea, C. portulacea,
illus. p.481.

C. perfoliata var. falcata, syn. C. falcata,
illus. p.489.

C. portulacea. See C. ovata.

C. sarcocaulis, illus. p.339.

C. schmidtii, illus. p.485.

C. socialis, illus. p.480.

+ CRATAEGOMESPILUS

ROSACEAE ~

Group of grafted, hybrid, deciduous trees
(Crataegus and Mespilus), grown for their
flowers, foliage and fruits. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by grafting in late summer.

+ C. dardarii (Bronvaux medlar). 'Jules
d'Asnieres' is a deciduous, spreading
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has drooping
branches and spiny shoots. Variable, oval
or deeply lobed, dark green leaves, gray
when young, turn orange and yellow in fall.
Clusters of saucer-shaped, sometimes rose-
tinted, white flowers in late spring or early
summer are followed by small, rounded,
red-brown fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

CRATAEGUS

Hawthorn

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, or more rarely
semievergreen, spiny, often spreading trees
and shrubs, grown for their clustered,
5-petaled, occasionally double flowers in
spring-summer, ornamental fruits and, in
some cases, fall color. Prefers full sun but is
suitable for most sites and may be grown in
any but very wet soil. Is useful for growing
in polluted urban areas, exposed sites and
coastal gardens. Propagate species by seed
in fall, cultivars by budding in late summer.
Fireblight is sometimes a problem. ® The
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if
ingested.

C. cordata. See C. phaenopyrum.

C. crus-galli (Cockspur hawthorn).
Deciduous, flat-topped tree. H 25ft (8m),

S 30ft (10m). Has shoots armed with long,
curved thorns and oval, glossy, dark green
leaves that turn bright crimson in fall.
Clusters of white flowers, with pink
anthers, in late spring are followed by
long-lasting, rounded, bright red fruits.
Z4-7 H7-1.

C. crus-galli of gardens. See C. x
persimilis 'Prunifolia'.

C. ellwangeriana. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Broadly oval, dark
green leaves are shallowly toothed and
lobed. Bears clusters of white flowers, with
pink anthers, in late spring, followed by
rounded, glossy, crimson fruits. Z5-7 H7-5.
C. flava, illus. p.80.

C. laciniata of gardens. See C. orientalis.

C. laevigata, syn. C. oxyacantha (English
hawthorn). 'Paul's Scarlet', illus. p.84.
'Punicea' is a deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 20ft (6m). In late spring and early
summer, oval, lobed, toothed, glossy, dark
green leaves set off clusters of crimson
flowers, which are followed by rounded,
red fruits. Z5-8 H8-3.

C. x lavallei 'Carrierei'. Vigorous,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 22ft (7m),

S 30ft (10m). Oval, glossy, dark green leaves
turn red in late fall. Has clusters of white
flowers in late spring, followed by long-
lasting, rounded, orange-red fruits. Z5-7
H7-4.

C. macrosperma var. acutiloba (Downy
hawthorn). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has broad, sharply
toothed, dark green leaves. White flowers
with red anthers in late spring are followed
by bright red fruits in fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

C. mollis. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 40ft (12m). Large, broadly
oval, lobed, dark green leaves have white-
haired undersides when young. Bears
heads of large, white flowers in late spring,
followed by short-lived, rounded, red fruits.
Z3-6 H6-1.

C. monogyna (Singleseed hawthorn).
Deciduous, round-headed tree. H 30ft
(10m), S 25ft (8m). Has broadly oval, deeply
lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters of
fragrant, white flowers are borne from late
spring to early summer, followed by
rounded, red fruits. Makes a dense hedge.
Z5-7 H7-4. 'Biflora' (Glastonbury thorn)
has flowers and leaves in mild winters as
well as in spring.

C. orientalis, syn. C. laciniata, illus. p.80.

C. oxyacantha of gardens. See C.
laevigata.

C. pedicellata, illus. p.90.

C. x persimilis 'Prunifolia', syn. C. crus-
galli, C. x prunifolia. Deciduous, spreading,
thorny tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval,
glossy, dark green leaves turn red or
orange in fall. Has clusters of white
flowers, with pink anthers, in early
summer, then rounded, dark red fruits.

Z6-7 H7-6.

C. phaenopyrum, syn. C. cordata
(Washington thorn). Deciduous, round-
headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly oval
leaves are sharply lobed, glossy and dark
green. Clusters of white flowers, with pink
anthers, are produced from early to mid¬
summer, followed by rounded, glossy, red
fruits that last through winter. Z4-8 H8-1.

C. x prunifolia. See C. x persimilis
'Prunifolia'.

C. tanacetifolia (Tansy-leaved hawthorn).
Deciduous, upright, usually thornless tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has oval to
diamond-shaped, deeply cut, gray-green
leaves, clusters of fragrant, white flowers,
with red anthers, in mid-summer and
small, apple-shaped, yellow fruits. Z6-7
H7-6.

CREMANTHODIUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of basal-rosetted perennials, grown
for their pendent, half-closed, daisylike
flower heads. Is often very difficult to grow
in all but very cool areas with snow cover.
Dislikes winter wet. Needs shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed when fresh.

C. reniforme. Basal-rosetted perennial.
H and S 8in (20cm). Leaves are large and
kidney-shaped. Sturdy stems each bear a
large, daisylike, yellow flower head in
summer.

CREPIS

Hawk's beard

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and perennials, some of which
are evergreen, with long taproots and
leaves in flat rosettes. Many species are
persistent weeds, but some are grown for
their many-petaled, dandelion-like flower
heads. Tolerates sun or shade and prefers
well-drained soil. Propagate annuals and
biennials by seed in fall, perennials by root
cuttings (not from taproot) in late winter,
although most species self-seed freely.

C. aurea, illus. p.345.

C. incana (Pink dandelion). Basal-rosetted
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Bears
oblong, divided, hairy, grayish-green
leaves. Uneven discs of ragged, pink flower
heads are produced on stiff stems in
summer. Is good for a sunny rock garden
or border. Z5-7 H7-4.

C. rubra. Fairly fast-growing, rosette¬
forming annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has lance-shaped, serrated leaves.
In summer bears dandelion-like, pink,
occasionally red or white flower heads.
Z5-7 H7-4.

CRINODENDRON

ELAEOCARPACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and foliage.
Requires full or partial shade, with plant
base in cool shade. Soil should be fertile,
moist but well-drained, and acidic.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

C. hookerianum, syn. Tricuspidaria
lanceolata, illus. p.202.

C. patagua, illus. p.113.

x Crinodonna corsii. See x

Amarcrinum memoria-corsii.

CRINUM

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of robust bulbs, grown for their
often fragrant, funnel-shaped flowers.
Needs full sun, shelter and rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by offsets in spring
or by seed when fresh or in spring. ® All
parts may cause severe discomfort if
ingested; contact with the sap may irritate
skin.

C. americanum. Tuft-forming, spring-
and summer-flowering bulb. H 16-30in
(40-75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has 6-10 strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Leafless
stem bears a head of up to 6 fragrant, long-
tubed, white flowers with narrow petals.
Z8-11 HI 1-8.

C. asiaticum. Clump-forming bulb.

H lV2-2ft (45-60cm), S 2-3ft (60cm-lm).

Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal, dark
green leaves, 3ft (lm) long. Leafless flower
stems produce heads of long-tubed, white
flowers, with narrow petals, in spring or
summer. Z8-11 Hll-8.

C. bulbispermum, syn. C. longifolium.
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (lm), S 2ft

CROCOSMIA

(60cm). Leafless flower stem has a head of
fragrant, long-tubed, white or pinkish-red
flowers with darker red stripes. Bears long,
strap-shaped, semierect leaves grouped in
a tuft on a short stalk. Z7-11 H12-8.

C. longifolium. See C. bulbispermum.

C. macowanii. Fall-flowering bulb.

H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Is similar to
C. bulbispermum, but leaves are wavy-
edged. Z10-11 HI 1-10.

C. moorei, illus. p.383.

C. x powellii, illus. p.385. 'Album' illus.
p.383.

CROCOSMIA

Montbretia

IRIDACEAE

Genus of corms, grown for their brightly
colored flowers produced mainly in
summer. Forms dense clumps of sword¬
shaped, erect leaves. Requires well-drained
soil and an open, sunny site. In very cold
areas, plant in a sheltered position or lift
and store corms over winter. Propagate by
division as growth starts in spring.

C. aurea. Tuft-forming, summer-flowering
corm. H 20-30in (50-75cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Erect, basal leaves are long,
narrow and sword-shaped. Produces a
loosely branched spike of tubular, orange
or yellow flowers, l-2in (3-5cm) long, each
with 6 spreading petals. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Bressingham Blaze'. Clump¬
forming, late summer-flowering corm.

H 30in (75cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Has erect,
sword-shaped, pleated, basal leaves.

Branched stem bears widely funnel-
shaped, fiery-red flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Citronella' of gardens. See C. 'Golden C

Fleece'.

C. x crocosmiiflora. Robust, sometimes
invasive, variable, late summer-flowering
corm. H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
sword-shaped, pale green, basal leaves.

Produces thin, slightly arching, sometimes
branched spikes of funnel-shaped, orange
or yellow flowers in summer. Z6-9 H9-3.

'George Davison' See C. 'George
Davison'. 'Honey Angels' See C. 'Honey
Angels'. 'Solfatare' See C. 'Solfatare'.

C. 'Emily McKenzie'. Compact, late
summer-flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Leaves are erect, basal
and sword-shaped. Bears a dense spike of
widely funnel-shaped, deep orange flowers,
each with a dark mahogany throat. Z6-9
H9-2.

C. 'George Davison', syn. C.
x crocosmiiflora 'George Davison' (illus.
p.410). Mid- to late summer-flowering
corm. H 3—4ft (90cm-1.2m), S 6in (15cm).

Has erect, sword-shaped, pleated, mid¬
green, basal leaves. Produces branched
stems bearing large, trumpet-shaped, pale
orange-yellow flowers, tinted deeper
orange externally. Z6-9 H10-9.

C. 'Golden Dew'. Late summer-flowering
corm. H 30in (75cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.

Produces large, funnel-shaped, yellow and
gold flowers on wiry, dark reddish stems.

Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Golden Fleece', syn. C. 'Citronella',
illus. p.412.

C. 'Harlequin'. Late summer-flowering
corm. H 36in (90cm), S 3in (8cm). Has erect,
sword-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. 551
Well-branched, upright stems bear funnel- _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CROCUS

shaped, bright yellow flowers with
alternate, red and orange outer petals.

Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Honey Angels', syn. C.
x crocosmiiflora 'Honey Angels' (illus.
p.410). Summer-flowering corm. H 30in
(75cm), S 6in (15cm). Has erect, sword¬
shaped, pleated, bronzed-green leaves
and trumpet-shaped, pale yellow flowers.
Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Jackanapes', illus. p.410. Clump¬
forming, late summer-flowering corm.

H 16-24in (40-60cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves.
Produces bicolored, yellow and orange-
red flowers. Z8-10 HI 1-3.

C. 'John Boots'. Mid- to late summer¬
flowering corm. H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm).
Has erect, sword-shaped, mid-green, basal
leaves. Bears funnel-shaped, golden-yellow
flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Lucifer', illus. p.410. Robust, clump¬
forming corm. H to 3ft (lm), S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Has erect, sword-shaped, basal,
bright green leaves. Bears funnel-shaped,
deep rich red flowers in dense, branching
spikes in mid-summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. masoniorum, syn. C. masonorum,
illus. p.410. Robust, clump-forming corm.

H to 5ft (1.5m), S l-lVzft (30-45cm). Has
erect, deep green, basal leaves, pleated
lengthways. Erect, branched stem has
a horizontal, upper part, which bears
upward-facing, funnel-shaped, reddish-
orange flowers in summer-fall. Z6-9
H9-2 Rowallane Yellow', H 3ft
(lm), S 3in (8cm), has warm yellow
flowers.

C. masonorum. See C. masoniorum.

C. paniculata , syn. Antholyza paniculata,
Curtonus paniculatus. Summer-flowering
corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1-lVzft (30-45cm).
Has erect, sword-shaped, basal leaves,
pleated lengthwise. Produces long-tubed,
orange flowers on branched stems, which
are strongly zigzag in shape. Z6-9 H9-2.

C. 'Severn Sunrise', illus. p.410. Late
summer-flowering corm. H 36in (90cm),

S 3in (8cm). Has erect, sword-shaped,
mid-green, basal leaves. Produces tightly
clustered, funnel-shaped flowers in shades
of salmon, apricot and yellow. Z6-9 H9-6.
C. 'Solfatare', syn. C. x crocosmiiflora
'Solfatare' (illus. p.410). Mid- to late
summer-flowering corm. H 26-28in
(65-70cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears erect,
sword-shaped, pleated, bronzed-green
leaves and trumpet-shaped, pale to mid¬
yellow flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

C. 'Star of the East', illus. p.410. Late
summer-flowering corm. H 28in (70cm),

S 8in (3in). Has erect, sword-shaped, mid¬
green, basal leaves. Bears horizontal¬
facing, funnel-shaped, clear orange
flowers, with a paler orange center, on
branched stems. Z6-9 H9-6.

CROCUS

IRIDACEAE

552

Genus of mainly spring- or fall-flowering
corms with funnel-shaped to rounded,
long-tubed flowers. Has long, very narrow,
semierect, basal leaves, each with a white
line along center, usually 1-5 per corm.

Some fall-flowering species have no leaves
at flowering time, these appearing in winter
or spring. Most species are less than 4in
(10cm) tall when in flower and have a spread

of l-3in (2.5-8cm). Is ideal for rock gardens
and for forcing in bowls for an early indoor
display. Most require well-drained soil and a
sunny situation; C. banaticus prefers moist
soil and partial shade. Plant 2-2Van (5-6cm)
deep, in late summer or early fall. Propagate
in early fall by seed or division of corm
clumps. See also feature panel p.417.

C. 'Advance'. Late winter- to mid-spring¬
flowering corm. Funnel-shaped flowers are
buttercup-yellow inside and paler yellow
outside, suffused violet-bronze. Z3-8 H8-1.
C. aerius of gardens. See C. biflorus
subsp. pulchricolor.

C. ancyrensis. Spring-flowering corm.
Produces up to 7 fragrant, bright orange-
yellow flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. angustifolius, syn. C. susianus (Cloth-
of-gold crocus). Spring-flowering corm.
Fragrant flowers are bright golden-yellow,
striped or stained bronze outside. Z3-8
H8-1.

C. aureus. See C. flavus.

C. balansae. See C. olivieri subsp.
balansae.

C. banaticus, syn. C. iridiflorus. Fall¬
flowering corm. Usually has solitary, long-
tubed, pale violet flower; outer 3 petals are
much larger than inner 3. Very narrow,
semierect, basal leaves, each with a paler
line along the center, are produced in
spring. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. baytopiorum. Spring-flowering corm.
Each corm bears 1 or 2 rounded, clear
turquoise-blue flowers with slightly darker
veins. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. biflorus. Early spring-flowering corm.
Has semierect, narrow, basal leaves, each
with a white line along the center. Bears
fragrant, white or purplish-white flowers,
with yellow throats, vertically striped
purple outside. Z3-8 H8-1. subsp.
alexandri has fragrant, deep violet
flowers, with white insides, subsp.
pulchricolor, syn. C. aerius has rich deep
blue flowers with golden-yellow centers.

C. 'Blue Bird', illus. p.417. Late winter- to
mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel-shaped
flowers are white inside with deep yellow
throats and violet margined with white
outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. 'Blue Pearl', illus. p.421.

C. boryi. Fall-flowering corm. Flowers are
ivory-white, sometimes veined or flushed
with mauve outside. Z4-8 H8-1.

C. cancellatus. Fall-flowering corm.
Slender flowers are pale blue, slightly
striped outside. Leaves form after
flowering, in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. cartwrightianus. Fall-flowering corm.
Produces leaves at same time as strongly
veined, violet or white flowers, H lVz-ZVsm
(4-6cm) across, each with 3 long, bright red
stigmas, similar to those of C. sativus. Z6-8
H8-6.

C. chrysanthus. Spring-flowering corm.
Scented flowers are orange-yellow
throughout with deeper orange-red
stigmas. Z3-8 H10-1. 'Zwanenberg
Bronze'. See C. 'Zwanenberg Bronze'.

C. 'Cream Beauty', illus. p.417. Spring¬
flowering corm. Scented, rich cream
flowers, with deep yellow throats, are
stained purplish-brown outside at base.
Bears semierect, very narrow, dark green,
basal leaves, each with a white, central line.
Z3-8 H8-1.

C. cvijicii. Spring-flowering corm. Usually
has solitary funnel-shaped, yellow flower.

Produces semierect, very narrow, basal
leaves, each with a white line along the
center, which scarcely show at flowering
time. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. dalmaticus. Spring-flowering corm.
Semierect, very narrow leaves have central,
white lines. Bears 1-3 purple-veined, pale
violet flowers, with yellow centers, overlaid
with silver or yellow outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. 'Dorothy', illus. p.417. Spring¬
flowering corm. Scented flowers are pale
lemon-yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. 'Dutch Yellow'. See C. Golden
Yellow'.

C. 'E.P. Bowles', illus. p.417. Early
spring-flowering corm. Has scented,
funnel-shaped, deep yellow flowers,
stained bronze near base on outside. Has
semierect, narrow leaves, each with a
central white line. Increases well by offsets.
Z3-8H8-1.

C. etruscus. Spring-flowering corm. Has
semierect, very narrow, dark green, basal
leaves with central, white lines. Bears long-
tubed, funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue
flowers, washed silver outside, with violet
veining. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Zwanenburg' (illus.
p.417) has pale purple-blue flowers,
washed with biscuit-brown and flecked
violet outside.

C. 'Eyecatcher', illus. p.417. Late winter-
to mid-spring-flowering corm. Funnel-
shaped, yellow-throated, gray-white
flowers have white-edged, deep purple
outer segments. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. flavus, syn. C. aureus. Spring-flowering
corm. Fragrant flowers are bright yellow
or orange-yellow throughout; often several
flowers are produced together or in quick
succession. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. gargaricus. Spring-flowering corm.
Bears yellow flowers. Increases by stolons.
Tolerates slightly damper conditions than
most crocuses. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. 'Golden Yellow', syn. C. 'Dutch
Yellow', C. x luteus 'Golden Yellow'. Very
vigorous, clump-forming, spring-flowering
corm. Bears yellow flowers faintly striped
outside at bases. Naturalizes well in grass.
Z3-8H8-1.

C. goulimyi, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering
corm. Usually has solitary, long-tubed, pale
lilac to pinkish-lilac flower, with a white
throat and 3 inner petals usually paler than
the 3 outer ones. Leaves and flowers are
produced together. Needs a warm site.

Z3-8 H8-1.

C. hadriaticus, illus. p.417. Fall-flowering
corm. Leaves are produced at same time as
white flowers, which usually have yellow
throats and may be lilac-feathered at the
base. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. imperati. Bicolored, spring-flowering
corm. Develops 1 or 2 scented, purple
flowers, fawn with purple striping outside
and with yellow throats. Z3-8 H8-1. In 'De
Jager' flowers are rich violet-purple inside
and biscuit-colored with violet feathering
outside.

C. iridiflorus. See C. banaticus.

C. korolkowii (Celandine crocus). Spring¬
flowering corm. Produces up to 20 narrow
leaves. Produces fragrant, yellow flowers
that are speckled or stained brown or
purple outside. When open in sun, petals
have glossy surfaces. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. kotschyanus, syn. C. zonatus, illus.
p.417. Fall-flowering corm. Pinkish-lilac or
purplish-blue flowers have yellow centers

and white anthers. Semierect, narrow,
basal leaves, with white lines along centers,
are produced in winter-spring. Z3-8 H8-1.
var. leucopharynx has pale lilac-blue
flowers with white centers and white
anthers.

C. 'Ladykiller'. Late winter- to mid¬
spring-flowering corm. Has funnel-shaped
flowers, white or pale lilac within and deep
violet-purple with white margins outside.
Z3-8 H8-1.

C. laevigatus. Very variable corm,
flowering intermittently for a month or
more in fall or winter depending on the
form. Fragrant flowers are produced with
leaves and are usually lilac-purple with
bold stripes on outside; inside each has a
yellow eye and cream-white anthers. Z3-8
H8-1.

C. longiflorus. Fall-flowering corm.
Produces fragrant, slender, purple flowers,
which are striped darker purple outside, at
the same time as leaves. Flowers have
yellow centers and anthers and red
stigmas. Z5-8 H8-5.

C. x luteus 'Golden Yellow'. See C.
'Golden Yellow'.

C. malyi. Spring-flowering corm. Has 1 or
2 funnel-shaped, white flowers with yellow
throats, brown or purple tubes and bright
orange stigmas. Leaves are semierect, very
narrow and basal with central, white lines.
Z3-8 H8-1.

C. medius. Fall-flowering corm. Has
1 or 2 funnel-shaped, uniform rich purple
flowers, with yellow anthers and red
stigmas cut into many threadlike branches.
Linear, basal leaves are produced in
winter-spring, after flowering. Z3-8 H8-1.
C. minimus. Late spring-flowering corm.
Has semierect, very narrow, dark green,
basal leaves that have central, white lines.
Bears 1 or 2 flowers, purple inside and
stained darker violet or sometimes darker
striped on outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. niveus. Fall-flowering corm. Produces
1 or 2 white or pale lavender flowers, with
yellow throats. Leaves are produced at
same time as flowers or just afterward.
Needs a warm, sunny site. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. nudiflorus (Autumn-flowering crocus).
Fall-flowering corm. Has linear, basal
leaves in winter-spring. Usually bears
solitary, slender, long-tubed, rich purple
flower, with a frilly, bright orange or yellow
stigma. Naturalizes in grass. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. olivieri. Spring-flowering corm. Bears
rounded, bright orange flowers. Z5-8
H8-5. Flowers of subsp. balansae, syn.

C. balansae are stained or striped bronze-
brown outside.

C. pulchellus. Fall-flowering corm. Bears
long-tubed, pale lilac-blue flowers with
darker veins, conspicuous, yellow throats
and white anthers. Leaves are semierect,
very narrow and basal, with white lines
along centers. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. salzmannii. See C. serotinus subsp.
salzmannii.

C. sativus, syn. C. sativus var.
cashmirianus (Saffron crocus). Fall¬
flowering corm. Leaves are produced with
saucer-shaped, dark-veined, purple
flowers, each with 3 long, bright red
stigmas that yield saffron. Z5-8 H8-1.
var. cashmirianus. See C. sativus.

C. serotinus subsp. salzmannii, syn.

C. salzmannii. Fall-flowering corm. Lilac-
blue flowers, sometimes with yellow

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

throats, are produced at the same time as
leaves. Z5-8 H8-1.

C. sieberi. Spring-flowering corm.

Fully hardy. Has scented, white flowers with
yellow throats and purple staining outside,
either in horizontal bands or vertical stripes.
Z3-8 H8-1. 'Albus', syn. C. sieberi 'Bowles'
White' illus. p.427. subsp. atticus has pale
lilac to violet-blue flowers with frilly, orange
stigmas. 'Bowles' White'. See C. sieberi
'Albus'. 'Hubert Edelsten' (illus. p.417)
has yellow-throated, pale lilac flowers, the
outer segments of which are white-tipped,
centrally marked and feathered with rich
purple, subsp. sublimis f. tricolor
(illus. p.417) has unusual flowers, divided
into 3 distinct bands of lilac, white and
golden yellow.

C. 'Snow Bunting', illus. p.417. Spring¬
flowering corm. Fragrant, long-tubed,
funnel-shaped, white flowers have
mustard-yellow centers and orange
stigmas. Semierect, very narrow, basal
leaves are dark green with white, central
lines. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. speciosus , illus. p.417. Fall-flowering
corm. Produces lilac-blue to deep purple-
blue flowers, usually with a network of
darker veins and a much-divided, orange
stigma. Leaves are produced in winter¬
spring. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Conqueror' (illus.
p.417) has large, deep sky-blue flowers.
'Oxonian' produces dark violet-blue
flowers with prominent, darker veining
externally.

C. susianus. See C. angustifolius.

C. tommasinianus. Spring-flowering
corm. H to 4in (10cm), S l-3in (2.5-8cm).
Bears slender, long-tubed, funnel-shaped
flowers, varying in color from lilac or
purple to violet, sometimes with darker tips
to petals and occasionally silver outside.
Naturalizes well. Z3-8 H8-1. f. albus has
white flowers. 'Ruby Giant' (illus. p.417)
bears clusters of large, rich reddish-purple
flowers. 'Whitewell Purple' has slender,
reddish-purple flowers.

C. tournefortii. Fall-flowering corm.
Leaves appear at same time as 1 or 2 pale
lilac-blue flowers that open flattish to reveal
a much-divided, orange stigma and white
anthers. Requires a warm, sunny site. Z5-8
H8-1.

C. vernus (Dutch crocus. Spring crocus).
Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in (10cm),

S l-3in (2.5-8cm). Variable in color from
white to purple or violet and often striped
and feathered. Stigmas are large, frilly
and orange or yellow. Is suitable for
naturalizing. Z3-8 H8-1. subsp. albiflorus
has small, white flowers, sometimes slightly
marked or striped purple. 'Jeanne d'Arc'
has white flowers with a deep purple base.
'Pickwick' (illus. p.417) has pale, grayish-
white flowers, with dark violet stripes and
purplish bases. 'Prinses Juliana' has
mid-purple flowers with darker veins.
'Purpureus Grandiflorus' has shiny,
violet-purple flowers. 'Queen of the
Blues' (illus. p.417) has rich blue flowers
that have higher margins and a darker
base. 'Remembrance' (illus. p.417) has
shiny, violet flowers. 'Vanguard', a very
early cultivar, has bluish-lilac flowers, paler
and silvered outside.

C. 'Zephyr'. Fall-flowering corm. Bears
very pale silver-blue flowers, veined darker,
each with a yellow throat and white
anthers. Z3-8 H8-1.

C. zonatus. See C. kotschyanus.

C. 'Zwanenberg Bronze', syn. C.
chrysanthus 'Zwanenberg Bronze', illus.
p.417. Spring-flowering corm. H to 4in
(10cm), S l-3in (2.5-8cm). Has bicolored
flowers, rich yellow inside, stained bronze
outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

CROSSANDRA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers.
Needs partial shade or full light and rich,
well-drained soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. For a strong branch system,
cut back flowered growth by at least half in
late winter. Propagate by seed in spring or
by greenwood cuttings in late spring or
summer. Whitefly may be troublesome.

C. infundibuliformis, syn. C. undulifolia.
Evergreen, erect to spreading, soft-
stemmed shrub or subshrub. H to 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to lance-shaped,
glossy, deep green leaves and, in summer-
fall or earlier, fan-shaped, salmon-red
flowers in conical spikes, 4in (10cm) long.
Z14-15 H12-1.

C. nilotica. Evergreen, upright to
spreading, leafy shrub. H 12-24in (30-
60cm), S to 14in (35cm). Has oval, pointed,
rich green leaves. Small, tubular, apricot to
pale brick-red flowers, with spreading
petals, are borne in short spikes from
spring to fall. Z14-15 H12-9.

C. undulifolia. See C. infundibuliformis.

CROTALARIA

LEGUMIIMOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, perennials and
annuals, grown mainly for their flowers.
Requires full light and well-drained soil.
Water container specimens freely when in
full growth, less at other times. For a more
compact habit, cut back old stems by half
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Red spider mite may be troublesome.

C. agatiflora, illus. p.459.

Crucianella stylosa. See Phuopsis
stylo sa.

CRUSEA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their showy flowers. Needs partial to
full shade in moist but well-drained, rich
soil. Propagate by seed in spring, by
division in spring or summer or by cuttings
in summer.

C. coccinea, illus. p.268.

CRYPTANTHUS

BROMELIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs
partial shade and well-drained soil,
preferably mixed with sphagnum moss.
Water moderately in the growing season,
sparingly at other times. Propagate by
offsets or suckers in late spring.

C. acaulis (Green earth star). Evergreen,
clump-forming, basal-rosetted perennial.

H to 4in (10cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm). Loose,
flat rosettes of lance-shaped to narrowly

triangular, wavy, mid-green leaves have
serrated edges. A cluster of fragrant,
tubular, white flowers is produced from
each rosette center, usually in summer. Z15
H12-10. 'Ruber' has red-flushed foliage.
Z15 Hll-10.

C. bivittatus. Evergreen, clump-forming,
basal-rosetted perennial. H to 6in (15cm),

S 10-15in (25-38cm). Loose, flat rosettes of
broadly lance-shaped, wavy, mid- to
yellowish-green leaves have finely toothed
margins and are striped lengthwise with 2
coppery-fawn to buff bands. Small clusters
of tubular, white flowers are produced
from center of each rosette, usually in
summer. Z15 H12-10. 'Pink Starlight'
(illus. p.471), H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in
(35cm) or more, has green leaves striped
yellowish-green, and heavily suffused deep
pink. Hll-10.

C. bromelioides (Rainbow star).
Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, S 14in
(35cm) or more. Strap-shaped, wavy, finely
toothed, arching, mid- to bright green
leaves are produced in dense rosettes.
Occasionally bears clusters of tubular,
white flowers in center of each rosette,
usually in summer. Z15 H12-10. 'Tricolor'
has carmine-suffused, white-striped
foliage.

C. zonatus. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12-16in
(30-40cm). Forms loose, flat rosettes of
strap-shaped, wavy, finely toothed, sepia-
green leaves, cross-banded with gray-buff
and with grayish-white scales beneath.

A cluster of tubular, white flowers is
produced in each rosette, usually in
summer. Z15 H12-10. 'Zebrinus' produces
silver-banded foliage. Z15 Hll-10.

x CRYPTBERCIA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Hybrid genus ( Cryptanthus x Billbergia ) of
evergreen, rosette-forming perennials,
grown for their foliage. Needs partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
moderately during the growing season,
sparingly in winter. Propagate by suckers
or offsets in spring.

x C. 'Rubra'. Evergreen, clump-forming,
basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 6-12in
(15-30cm). Loose rosettes comprise strap¬
shaped, pointed, bronze-red leaves. Rarely,
small, tubular, white flowers are produced
in rosette centers in summer. Z15 H12-10.

CTENANTHE

hooded, purplish spathes are produced
intermittently among lance-shaped,
purplish-green leaves. Z10-11 Hll-10.

CRYPTOGRAM MA

ADIANTACEAE/PTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
ferns. Needs partial shade and moist but
well-drained, neutral or acidic soil. Remove
fading fronds. Propagate by spores in late
summer.

C. crispa, illus. p.293.

CRYPTOMERIA

TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

C. japonica (Japanese cryptomeria). Fast¬
growing, columnar to conical, open conifer.
H 50-70ft (15-20m), S 15-25ft (5-8m). Has
soft, fibrous, red-brown bark, needlelike,
incurved, mid- to dark green leaves,
spirally arranged, and globular, brown
cones. Z6-9 H9-4. 'Bandai-sugi', H and
S 6ft (2m), makes an irregularly rounded
shrub with foliage that turns bronze in
winter. 'Cristata' illus. p.104. 'Elegans
Compacta', H 6-15ft (2-5m), S 6ft (2m), is a
dwarf form. 'Pyramidata' illus. p.104.
'Sekkan-sugi', H 30ft (10m), S 10-12ft
(3-4m), has semi-pendulous branches and
light golden-cream foliage. 'Spiralis',

H and S 6-10ft (2-3m), forms a tree or
dense shrub with spirally twisted foliage
and is very slow-growing. 'Vilmoriniana',
H and S 3ft (lm), forms a globular mound
of yellow-green foliage that turns bronze in
winter.

CRYPTOSTEGIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs fertile, well-
drained soil and full light. Water regularly
when in growth, less at other times. Stems
require support. Spur back previous
season's old flowering stems in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
softwood cuttings in summer.

C. grandifiora (Rubber vine). Strong¬
growing, evergreen, twining climber. H 30ft
(10m) or more. Has oval, thick-textured,
glossy leaves. Funnel-shaped, reddish to
lilac-purple flowers are borne in summer.

® Stems yield a poisonous latex that may
cause severe discomfort if ingested. Zll
H12-10.

C

CRYPTOCORYNE

ARACEAE

Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
submerged water plants and marsh plants,
grown for their foliage. Is suitable for
tropical aquariums. Needs sun and rich
soil. Remove fading foliage, and divide
plants periodically. Propagate by division in
spring or summer.

C. beckettii var. ciliata. See C. ciliata.

C. ciliata, syn. C. beckettii var. ciliata.
Semievergreen, perennial, submerged
water plant. S6in (15cm). Lance-shaped,
deep green leaves have paler midribs.

Small, hooded, fringed, purplish spathes
are produced intermittently at base of
plant. Z10-11 H12-10.

C. spiralis. Semievergreen, perennial,
submerged water plant. S6in (15cm). Small,

Cryptostemma calendulaceum. See

Arctotheca calendula.

CTENANTHE

MARANTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials,
grown for their ornamental foliage.
Requires a humid atmosphere, even
temperature and partial shade. Prefers
moist but well-drained soil and soft water;
do not allow to dry completely. Propagate
by division in spring.

C. lubbersiana. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, bushy perennial. H and S to 30in
(75cm) or more. Long-stalked, lance¬
shaped, sharply pointed leaves are lOin
(25cm) long, green above, irregularly
marked and striped with pale yellowish-
green, and pale greenish-yellow below.

553

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CUNNINGHAM IA

Intermittently bears dense, one-sided
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white
flowers. Z15 H12-10.

C. oppenheimiana, syn. Calathea
oppenheimiana. Robust, evergreen, bushy
perennial. H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Lance¬
shaped, leathery leaves are 1ft (30cm) or
more long, red below, dark green above
with pale green or white bands along veins
on either side of midribs. Dense, one-sided
spikes of many small, 3-petaled, white
flowers are borne intermittently. Z14-15
H12-10. ■'Tricolor' illus. p.465.

Cudrania tricuspidata. See Madura
tricuspidata.

CUNNINGHAMIA

TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

C. lanceolata, illus. p.100.

C. glabra. See C. arizonica var. glabra.

C. lusitanica (Cedar of Goa, Mexican
cypress). Conical conifer. H 70ft (20m),

S 15—25ft (5-8m). Has fissured bark and
spreading, spirally arranged sprays of
scalelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves.
Bears small, globular cones that are
glaucous blue when young, ripening to
glossy brown. Z9-10 H10-8.

C. macrocarpa (Monterey cypress). Fast¬
growing, evergreen conifer, columnar
when young, often wide-spreading with
age. H 70ft (20m), S 20-80ft (6-25m). Bark is
shallowly fissured. Scalelike, aromatic,
bright to dark green leaves are borne in
plumelike sprays. Globular cones are
glossy and brown. Z7-11 HI 1-7.
'Goldcrest' illus. p.104.

C. sempervirens 'Stricta', illus. p.102.

C. torulosa 'Cashmeriana'. See C.
cashmeriana.

CUNONIA

CUNONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers
and overall appearance. Requires full light
and well-drained soil. Water container
plants moderately, less in winter. Pruning is
tolerated. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

C. capensis (African red alder).
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
rounded tree. H and S 30-50ft (10-15m),
more in rich soil. Has lustrous, dark green
leaves, divided into pairs of lance-shaped,
serrated leaflets. Tiny, long-stamened,
white flowers are produced in dense,
bottlebrush-like spikes, 4-5in (10-13cm)
long, in late summer. Z10-11 Hll-10.

CUPHEA

LYTHRACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen shrubs and subshrubs, grown
for their flowers. Prefers full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.
Remove flowered shoots after flowering to
maintain a bushy habit. Propagate by seed
in spring or by greenwood cuttings in
spring or summer. Red spider mite may be
troublesome.

C. cyanea , illus. p.162.

C. ignea, syn. C. platycentra, illus. p.308.

C. platycentra. See C. ignea.

C. x purpurea 'Firecracker', illus. p.306.

x Cupressocyparis leylandii. See

x Cuprocyparis leylandii.

CUPRESSUS

Cypress

CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

C. arizonica var. glabra, syn. C. glabra
(Arizona cypress. Smooth cypress). Conical
conifer. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 10-15ft
(3-5m). Has smooth, flaking, reddish-purple
bark and upright, spirally arranged sprays
of scalelike, aromatic, glaucous blue-gray
leaves that are flecked with white resin.
Globular cones are chocolate-brown. Z6-9

554

H9-2.

C. cashmeriana, syn. C. torulosa
'Cashmeriana', illus. p.95.

x CUPROCYPARIS

CUPRESSACEAE

® Contact with the foliage may aggravate
skin allergies. See also CONIFERS,
x C. leylandii, syn. x Cupressocyparis
leylandii. 'Harlequin' is a very fast¬
growing, columnar conifer with a conical
tip. H 80-120ft (25-35m), S 12-15ft (4-5m).
Gray-green foliage, with patches of clear
ivory-white, is held in plumelike sprays.
'Leighton Green' bears flattened sprays
of paired, scalelike, rich green leaves and
globular, glossy, dark brown cones.
'Robinson's Gold', H 50-70ft (15-20m),
has bright golden leaves. 'CastleweUan',
illus. p.99. 'Haggerston Grey', illus. p.95.

CURCUMA

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous perennials, grown for
their patterned leaves and showy bracts
atop the flower spikes. The lower bracts
form pouches from which the flowers
emerge; the upper bracts are without
flowers, but are larger and brightly colored
or white. Needs partial shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Keep
completely dry in winter. Propagate by
division of rhizome in spring.

C. cordata. See C. zedoaria.

C. petiolata, illus. p.477. Herbaceous,
clump-forming perennial. H 48in (120cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly ovate, strongly
ribbed, mid-green leaves, 24in (60cm) long.
In summer produces a spike, to 14in (35cm)
long, of lemon-yellow flowers and bright
pink upper bracts. Hll-10.

C. zedoaria, syn. C. cordata (Zedoary),
illus. p.477. Herbaceous, clump-forming
perennial. H 60in (150cm), S 20in (50cm).
Has ovate, ribbed, mid-green leaves, to
36in (90cm) long, with dark red stripes
on upper sides. In mid- to late spring
bears a spike, 2-3in (5-8cm) long, of
yellow flowers and pink to purple-red
upper bracts.

Curtonus paniculatus. See Crocosmia
paniculata.

CYANANTHUS

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of late summer-flowering
perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls
and troughs. Needs partial shade and rich.

moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in spring or by seed
in fall.

C. lobatus. Prostrate perennial. H 3 Ain
(2cm), S 8in (20cm). Branched stems are
clothed in small, wedge-shaped, dull green
leaves. In late summer, each stem bears a
funnel-shaped, blue flower. Z6-7 H7-6.
f. albus illus. p.359.

C. microphyllus, illus. p.369.

CYAN OTIS

COMMELINACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
grown for their foliage. Prefers a position
in sun or partial shade, with rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by tip cuttings from
spring to fall.

C. kewensis (Teddy-bear vine). Evergreen
perennial forming rosettes with trailing
stems. H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Clasping
the stem are 2 rows of overlapping, oval
leaves, to 2in (5cm) long, dark green above,
purple with velvety, brown hairs below.
Stalkless clusters of 3-petaled, purplish-
pink flowers are produced in axils of
leaflike bracts almost all year round.

Z13-15 H12-10.

C. somaliensis (Pussy ears) Evergreen,
creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),

S indefinite. Small, narrow, glossy, dark
green leaves, with white hairs, surround
stems. Has purplish-blue flowers in leaf
axils in winter-spring. Z13-15 H12-10.

CYATHEA

syn. ALSOPHILA, SPHAEROPTERIS
CYATHEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen tree ferns, grown for
their foliage and overall appearance. Needs
a humid atmosphere, sun or partial shade
and rich, moisture-retentive but well-
drained soil. Water container plants freely
in summer, moderately at other times.
Propagate by spores in spring.

C. australis, syn. Alsophila australis, illus.
p.452.

C. medullaris (Black tree fern, Mamaku).
Evergreen, upright tree fern with a slender,
black trunk. H 22-52ft (7-16m), S 20-40ft
(6-12m). Has arching fronds, to 22ft (7m)
long, divided into small, oblong, glossy,
dark green leaflets, paler beneath. Z10-11
Hll-10.

Cyathodes colensoi. See Leucopogon
colensoi.

CYBISTAX

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
spring flowers and for shade. Needs full
light and fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Will not bloom when confined to a
container. Young plants may be pruned to
shape when leafless; otherwise pruning is
not required. Propagate by seed or air¬
layering in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

C. donnell-smithii, syn. Tabebuia
donnell-smithii. Fairly fast-growing,
deciduous, rounded tree. H and S 30ft (10m)
or more. Leaves have 5-7 oval leaflets, 2-
8in (5-20cm) long. Bell-shaped, 5-lobed,
bright yellow flowers are produced, often
in great profusion, in spring before the
leaves. Z14-15 H12-10.

CYCAS

CYCADACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed perennials, grown for their palm¬
like appearance. Prefers a position in full
light and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately when in
full growth, less at other times. Propagate
in spring by seed or suckers taken from
mature plants.

C. revoluta, illus. p.457.

CYCLAMEN

PRIMULACEAE ~

Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
which are occasionally evergreen, grown
for their pendent flowers, each with 5
reflexed petals and a mouth often stained
with a darker color. Needs sun or partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. If grown
in containers, in summer dry off tubers of
all except C. purpurascens (which is
evergreen and flowers in summer); repot in
fall and water to restart growth. Propagate
by seed in late summer or fall. C. persicum
and its cultivars are susceptible to black
root rot. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

C. africanum, illus. p.424.

C. alpinum, syn. C. trochopteranthum.
Spring-flowering, tuberous perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm). Bears rounded or
heart-shaped leaves, zoned with silver.
Produces musty-scented, pale carmine or
white flowers, stained dark carmine at
mouths; petals are twisted and propeller¬
shaped. Z8-9 H9-8.

C. caucasicum. See C. coum subsp.
caucasicum.

C. cilicium, illus. p.426.

C. coum, illus. p.429. f. albissimum, syn.
C. coum 'Album' illus. p.428. 'Album'. See
C. coum f. albissimum. subsp.
caucasicum, syn. C. caucasicum is a
winter-flowering, tuberous perennial. H to
4in (10cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm). Has heart-
shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
produces a succession of bright carmine
flowers, each with a dark stain at the
mouth. Pewter Group illus. p.429.

Pewter Group 'Maurice Dryden' illus.
p.428.

C. creticum. Spring-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2^1in (5-10cm).
Produces heart-shaped, dark green leaves,
sometimes silver-patterned, and fragrant,
white flowers. Z6-9 H9-7.

C. cyprium. Fall-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 2-4in (5-10cm).
Heart-shaped, toothed, dark green leaves,
patterned with lighter green, are produced
with or just after fragrant, white flowers,
each with carmine marks around the
mouth. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. europaeum. See C. purpurascens.

C. fatrense. See C. purpurascens.

C. graecum, illus. p.425.

C. hederifolium , syn. C. neapolitanum,
illus. p.426. f. albiflorum illus. p.424.

C. libanoticum, illus. p.418.

C. mirabile, illus. p.425.

C. neapolitanum. See C. hederifolium.

C. persicum, illus. p.429. 'Esmeralda' is
a winter-flowering tuberous perennial.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 6-Bin (15-20cm). Has
heart-shaped, silver-patterned leaves and
fragrant, broad-petaled, carmine-red

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

flowers. Z13-15 H6-1. Halios Series,

H 12in (30cm), S 7in (18cm), has blunt¬
toothed, dark green leaves with silver
marbling and produces a succession of
white, pink, scarlet, lilac or purple flowers
in late summer or fall. Z13-15 H6-1. Kaori
Series produces flowers in a wide range of
colors in winter. Z13-15 H6-1. 'Pearl
Wave', S4-6in (10-15cm), has leaves
marked light and dark green and silver and
in winter and spring produces slender,
deep pink flowers, with frilly-edged petals.
Z13-15 H6-1. 'Renown', S4-6in (10-15cm),
has silver-green leaves, each with a central,
dark green mark, and produces slender,
scarlet flowers in winter-spring. Z13-15
H6-1. 'Scentsation', H 6in (15cm), bears
strongly scented flowers in pink, carmine-
red or crimson from early winter to early
spring. Z13-15 H6-1.

C. pseudibericum. Spring-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has heart-shaped, toothed
leaves patterned with silvery- and dark
green zones. Flowers are deep carmine-
purple with darker, basal stains and white-
rimmed mouths. Z8-9 H9-8.

C. purpurascens, syn. C. europaeum, C.
fatrense, illus. p.422.

C. repandum. Spring-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10—
15cm). Has heart-shaped, jagged-toothed,
dark green leaves with lighter patterns.
Bears fragrant, slender, reddish-purple
flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. rohlfsianum, illus. p.426.

C. trochopteranthum. See C. alpinum.

Cyclobothra lutea. See Calochortus
barbatus.

CYDONIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, spring¬
flowering tree, grown for its flowers and
fruits, which are used as a flavoring and for
preserves. Grow against a south- or west¬
facing wall at the limits of hardiness.
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed in fall, cultivars
by softwood cuttings in summer. Mildew,
brown rot and fireblight are sometimes a
problem.

C. oblonga (Common quince). Z5-9 H9-3.
'Lusitanica' is a deciduous, spreading
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Broadly oval, dark
green leaves are gray-felted beneath. Has a
profusion of large, 5-petaled, pale pink
flowers in late spring, followed by fragrant,
pear-shaped, deep yellow fruits. 'Vranja'
illus. p.88.

C. sinensis. See Pseudocydonia sinensis.

Cylindropuntia tunicata. See Opuntia
tunicata.

CYMBAL ARIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLAIMTAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and short¬
lived perennials, related to Linaria, grown
for their tiny flowers on slender stems.

Is good for rock gardens, walls and
banks, but may be invasive. Needs shade
and moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
Self-seeds readily.

C. muralis (Ivy-leaved toadflax,
Kenilworth ivy). Spreading perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S 5in (12cm). Bears small.

ivy-shaped, pale green leaves and, in
summer, masses of tiny, tubular, spurred,
sometimes purple-tinted, white flowers.
Z4-8 H8-1.

CYMBIDIUM

ORCHIDACEAE ~

(D Contact with the foliage may aggravate
skin allergies. See also ORCHIDS.

C. Caithness Ice gx 'Trinity', illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a
cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Sprays of
green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, each with
a red-marked, white lip, are borne in early
spring. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in
(60cm) long. Needs a position in partial
shade in summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

C. Christmas Angel gx 'Cooksbridge
Sunburst'. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In
winter produces sprays of yellow flowers,
4in (10cm) across and with red-spotted lips.
Narrowly oval leaves are up to 24in (60cm)
long. Grow in partial shade in summer.
Z12-15 H12-6.

C. devonianum. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in
(60cm). In early summer bears pendent
spikes of olive-green flowers, lin (2.5cm)
wide, overlaid with purple and with purple
lips. Has semi-rigid, broadly oval leaves, to
12in (30cm) long. Needs partial shade in
summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

C. elegans, syn. Cyperorchis elegans , illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a
cool greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Dense,
pendent sprays of fragrant, tubular, yellow
flowers, lVzin (4cm) across, are produced
in early summer. Has narrowly oval leaves,
to 24in (60cm) long. Requires partial shade
in summer. Z12-15 HI2-6.

C. grandiflorum. See C. hookerianum.

C. hookerianum, syn. C. grandiflorum.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). In winter
produces sprays of deep green flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, each with a hairy, brown-
spotted, creamy-white lip. Narrowly oval
leaves are up to 24in (60cm) long. Grow in
partial shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

C. King's Loch gx 'Cooksbridge'.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). Sprays of green
flowers, 2in (5cm) across and each with a
purple-marked, white lip, open in spring.
Leaves are narrowly oval and up to 24in
(60cm) long. Provide partial shade
in summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

C. Pontac gx 'Mont Millais'. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 30in (75cm). In spring bears sprays of
rich deep red flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
edged and marked with white. Has
narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
Needs partial shade in summer. Z14-15
H12-6.

C. Portelet Bay gx, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 30in (75cm). Red-lipped,
white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne
in sprays in spring. Has narrowly oval
leaves, to 24in (60cm) long. Provide partial
shade in summer. HI 1-6.

C. Strathbraan gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 24in
(60cm). In spring produces slightly arching
spikes of off-white flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, with red marks on each lip. Leaves

are narrowly oval, to 24in (60cm) long.
Requires partial shade in summer. Z14-15
H12-6.

C. Strathdon gx 'Cooksbridge Noel'.

Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 3ft (lm). Sprays of rich pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with red-spotted,
yellow-tinged lips, are produced in winter.
Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in (60cm)
long. Needs partial shade in summer.
Z14-15 H12-6.

C. Strathkanaid gx, illus. p.467.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm). In spring
bears arching spikes of deep red flowers,
2in (5cm) across. Lips are white, marked
deep red. Has narrowly oval leaves, to 24in
(60cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. HI 1-1.

C. tracyanum. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 30in
(75cm). In fall produces long spikes
of fragrant, olive-green flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, overlaid with reddish dots
and dashes. Has narrowly oval leaves,
to 24in (60cm) long. Needs partial shade
in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

CYNARA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of architectural perennials, grown
for their large heads of flowers. The plant
described is grown both as a vegetable and
as a decorative border plant. Requires sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or division in spring.

C. cardunculus , illus. p.216.

CYNOGLOSSUM

Hound's tongue

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown for their long flowering period from
late spring to early fall. Needs sun and fertile
but not over-rich soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall or spring.

C. amabile 'Firmament', illus. p.315.

CYPELLA

1RIDACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their short-lived, iris-like flowers that
have 3 large, spreading outer petals and
3 small, incurved inner ones. May survive
outdoors in marginal areas if planted near
a sunny wall. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil. Lift bulbs when dormant;
partially dry off in winter. Propagate by
seed in spring.

C. herbertii, illus. p.412.

Cyperorchis elegans. See Cymbidium
elegans.

CYPERUS

CYPERACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

C. albostriatus, syn. C. diffusus, C.
elegans. Evergreen, perennial sedge. H 24in
(60cm), S indefinite. Stem has prominently
veined, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
up to 8 leaflike, green bracts surrounding a
well-branched umbel of brown spikelets.
Z10-11 HI 1-4. 'Variegatus' has white-
striped leaves and bracts.

CYPRIPEDIUM

C. alternifolius of gardens. See C.
involucratus.

C. diffusus of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
C. elegans of gardens. See C. albostriatus.
C. flabelliformis. See C. involucratus.

C. involucratus, syn. C. alternifolius , C.
flabelliformis, illus. p.478.

C. isocladus of gardens. See C. papyrus
'Nanus'.

C. longus (Galingale). Deciduous,
spreading, perennial sedge. H 5ft (1.5m),

S indefinite. Bears rough-edged, glossy,
dark green leaves and, in summer, umbels
of narrow, flattened, milk-chocolate-
colored spikelets that keep their color well.
Tolerates its roots in water. Z3-11 HI 1-1.

C. papyrus , illus. p.478. 'Nanus', syn. C.
isocladus is an evergreen, spreading,
perennial sedge with a red rhizome; it is
a dwarf variant of the species, sometimes
considered distinct, and is often grown
under misapplied names. H 32in (80cm),

S indefinite. Triangular, leafless stems bear
umbels of brown spikelets, on stalks 3-4in
(8-10cm) long, in summer. Z13-15 H12-6.

Cyphomandra betacea. See Solanum
betaceum.

Cyphomandra crassicaulis. See

Solanum betaceum.

CYPHOSTEMMA

VITACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial succulents
with very thick, fleshy, almost woody
caudices and branches. Leaf undersides
often exude droplets of resin. Needs full
sun and very well-drained soil. Keep dry in
winter. Is difficult to grow. Propagate
by seed in spring.

C. bainesii, syn. Cissus bainesii.
Deciduous, perennial succulent. H and
S 24in (60cm). Has a thick, swollen, bottle¬
shaped trunk, often unbranched, covered
in peeling, papery, yellow bark. Fleshy,
silvery-green leaves, with deeply serrated
edges, are divided into 3 oval leaflets,
silver-haired when young. Bears tiny, cup¬
shaped, yellow-green flowers in summer,
then grapelike, red fruits. Z13-15 H12-10.

C. juttae, syn. Cissus juttae, illus. p.487.

CYPRIPEDIUM

Lady's slipper

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

C. acaule (Pink lady's-slipper). Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H to 16in (40cm).
Yellowish-green or purple flowers, IV 2 -
2 V 2 in (4-6cm) long, each with a pouched,
pink or white lip, are borne singly in
spring-summer. Has broadly lance-shaped,
pleated leaves, 4-12in (10-30cm) long.
Prefers partial shade. Z3-7 H7-1.

C. calceolus. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 30in (75cm). In spring-summer
bears paired or solitary yellow-pouched,
purple flowers, ll_4-3in (3-7cm) long.
Broadly lance-shaped leaves, 2-8in
(5-20cm) long, are arranged in a spiral up
stem. Stems and leaves are slightly hairy.
Prefers partial shade. Z3-7 H7-1. var.
pubescens. See C. pubescens.

C. macranthon. See C. macranthos.

C. macranthos, syn. C. macranthon.
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 20in
(50cm). Pouched, violet or purplish-red
flowers, lVz^Vzin (4-6cm) long, usually

555

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

CYRILLA

borne singly, are produced in spring-
summer. Stems and oval leaves, 172-3in
(4-7cm) long, are slightly hairy. Prefers
partial shade. Z3-7 H7-1.

C. pubescens, syn. C. calceolus var.
pubescens. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.

H 30in (75cm). Has large, purple-marked,
greenish-yellow flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
long, in spring-summer. Large, broadly
lance-shaped leaves, 6-8in (15-20cm) long,
are arranged in a spiral up stem. Stems and
leaves are hairy. Prefers partial shade. Z3-7
H7-1.

C. reginae, illus. p.466. Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H to 3ft (lm). In spring-
summer, white flowers, 3 A-2in (2-5cm)
long, each with a pouched, white-streaked,
pink lip, are borne singly or in groups of
2 or 3. Stem and oval leaves, 4-10in
(10-25cm) long, are hairy. Prefers partial
shade. Z2-7 H7-1.

C. Ulla Silkens gx, illus. p.256.

CYRILLA

CYRILLACEAE ~

Genus of one very variable species of
deciduous or evergreen shrub, grown for
its flowers in late summer and fall. Prefers
full sun and needs peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
C. racemiflora (Leatherwood).

Deciduous or evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 4ft (1.2m). Oblong, glossy, dark
green leaves redden in fall. Slender spires
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers are borne
in late summer and fall. Z6-9 H9-5.

r CYRTANTHUS

AMARYLLI DACEAE

Genus of bulbs with brightly colored
flowers, usually in summer. Requires full
sun and free-draining, light soil. In frost-
free areas, may flower for much of the year.
Plant in spring. Water freely in the growing
season. Propagate by seed or offsets in
spring.

C. brachyscyphus, syn. C. parviflorus,
illus. p.423.

C. breviflorus, syn. Anoiganthus
breviflorus, Anoiganthus luteus. Clump¬
forming, summer-flowering bulb. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has semierect,
narrowly strap-shaped, basal leaves.
Leafless flower stem bears up to 6 funnel-
shaped, yellow flowers, 3 /4-174in (2-3cm)
long. Prefers a warm, sheltered situation.
Z10-11 Hll-10.

C. elatus, syn. C. purpureus, Vallota
speciosa. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm). Bears semierect, widely
strap-shaped, bright green, basal leaves.
Sturdy stem produces a head of up to 5
widely funnel-shaped, scarlet flowers, 3-4in
(8-10cm) long. Makes an excellent house
plant. Z8-10 H10-8.

C. mackenii. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Bears semierect, strap¬
shaped, basal leaves. Leafless stems each
bear an umbel of up to 10 fragrant, tubular,
white flowers, 2in (5cm) long and slightly
curved. Zll Hll-6. var. cooperi illus.
p.412. illus. p.412

C. obliquus. Clump-forming, summer-
556 flowering bulb. H 8-24in (20-60cm), S 5-6in
_ (12-15cm). Bears semierect, widely strap¬

shaped, grayish-green, basal leaves,
twisted lengthwise. Produces a head of up
to 12 pendent, tubular, red-and-yellow
flowers, 3in (7cm) long. Z10-11 Hll-10.

C. parviflorus. See C. brachyscyphus.

C. purpureus. See C. elatus.

C. sanguineus. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 5-6in (12-15cm). Has semierect, strap¬
shaped, bright green, basal leaves. Sturdy
stem bears 1 or 2 long-tubed, scarlet
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) long. Z10-11
Hll-10.

CYRTOMIUM

DRYOPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen ferns. Does best in
partial shade and rich, moist soil. Remove
fading fronds. Propagate by division in
spring or summer or by spores in summer.
C. falcatum, illus. p.291.

C. fortunei, syn. Phanerophlebia fortunei.
Evergreen fern. H 24in (60cm), S 16in
(40cm). Has erect, dull, pale green fronds,
12-24in (30-60cm) long, with broadly
sickle-shaped pinnae, l-2in (2.5-5cm) long.
Z7-10 H10-7.

CYSTOPTERIS

WOODSIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for rock
gardens. Prefers partial shade and soil that
never dries out. Remove fronds as they
fade. Propagate by division in spring, by
spores in summer or by bulbils when
available.

C. bulbifera (Bulblet bladder fern).
Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm).
Broadly lance-shaped, much-divided,
dainty, pale green fronds produce tiny
bulbils along their length. Propagate by
bulbils as soon as mature. Z4-8 H8-1.

C. dickieana. Deciduous fern. H 6in
(15cm), S 9in (23cm). Has broadly lance¬
shaped, divided, delicate, pale green
fronds, with oblong, blunt, indented
pinnae, that arch downward. Z2-7 H7-1.

C. fragilis (Brittle bladder fern).

Deciduous fern. H 6in (15cm), S 9in (23cm).
Broadly lance-shaped, pale green fronds
are delicate and much divided into oblong,
pointed, indented pinnae. Z4-8 H8-1.

CYTISUS

Broom

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs,
grown for their abundant, pealike flowers.
Prefers full sun and fertile, but not over¬
rich, well-drained soil. Resents being
transplanted. Propagate species by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, hybrids and cultivars by semiripe
cuttings in late summer. Some species are
considered invasive; check with local
experts before planting. ® All parts,
especially the seeds, may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

C. albua. See Chamaecytisus albus.

C. ardoinii. See C. ardoinoi.

C. ardoinoi, syn. C. ardoinii , illus. p.372.
C. battandieri , syn. Argyrocytisus
battandieri, illus. p.116.

C. x beanii, illus. p.335.

C. canariensis of gardens. See Genista
x spachiana.

C. demissus. See Chamaecytisus
demissus.

C. 'Firefly'. Deciduous, bushy shrub with
slender, arching shoots. H and S 5—6ft
(1.5-2m). Small, mid-green leaves are
oblong and have 3 tiny leaflets. Produces
masses of yellow flowers, marked with red,
from late spring to early summer. Z6-9
H9-6.

C. x kewensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
H 1ft (30cm), S to 6ft (2m). Has leaves, each
composed of 3 tiny leaflets, along downy
stems. In late spring bears creamy-white
flowers. Is good for a bank or large rock
garden. Z6-8 H8-6.

C. leucanthus. See Chamaecytisus albus.
C. nigricans, syn. Lembotropis nigricans ,
illus. p.160.

C. x praecox (Broom). 'Allgold' illus.
p.148. 'Warminster' illus. p.148.

C. purpureus. See Chamaecytisus
purpureus.

C. racemosus of gardens. See Genista
x spachiana.

C. scoparius (Scotch broom),
f. andreanus, illus. p.162. subsp.
maritimus, syn. C. scoparius var.
prostratus is a decidous, prostrate shrub
forming dense mounds of interlocking
shoots. H 8in (20cm) S 4-6ft (1.2-2m). Small
gray-green leaves usually have 3 oblong
leaflets, but may be reduced to a single
leaflet. Has masses of golden-yellow
flowers in late spring and early summer.
Z6-8 H8-6. var. prostratus. See
C. scoparius subsp. maritimus.

C. supinus. See Chamaecytisus supinus.

C. 'Windlesham Ruby'. Deciduous,
bushy shrub with slender, arching shoots.
H and S 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Small, mid-green
leaves have 3 oblong leaflets. Large, rich
red flowers are borne in profusion in late
spring and early summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

C. 'Zeelandia'. Deciduous, bushy
shrub with slender, arching shoots. H and
S 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Small, mid-green leaves
have 3 oblong leaflets. Has masses of
bicolored, creamy-white and lilac-pink
flowers from late spring to early summer.
Z6-9 H9-6.

D

DABOECIA

Irish heath

ERICACEAE ~

See also HEATHERS.

D. azorica (Azores heath). Evergreen,
compact shrub. H to 6in (15cm), S to 24in
(60cm). Lance-shaped leaves are dark
green above, silver-gray beneath. Urn-
to bell-shaped, vivid red flowers are borne
in late spring or early summer. Z6-8 H8-6.
D. cantabrica (Cantabrian heath, Irish
heath, St. Dabeoc's heath). Evergreen,
straggling shrub. H to 18in (45cm), S 24in
(60cm). Top growth may be damaged by
frost and cold winds, but plants respond
well to hard pruning and produce new
growth from base. Leaves are lance-shaped
to oval, dark green above, silver-gray
beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
single or double, white, purple or mauve
flowers from late spring to mid-fall. Z6-8
H8-6. 'Bicolor' (illus. p.166) bears white,
purple and striped flowers on the same
plant. 'Praegerae', H 14in (35cm), has
glowing, deep pink flowers, subsp.
scotia. See D. x scotica: 'Snowdrift'
has bright green foliage and long racemes
of large, white flowers.

D. x scotica, syn. D. cantabrica subsp.
scotia. Evergreen, compact shrub. H to 6in
(15cm), S to 2ft (60cm). Lance-shaped to
oval leaves are dark green above, silver-
gray beneath. Bears bell- to urn-shaped,
white, purple or mauve flowers from late
spring to mid-fall. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Jack
Drake', H 8in (20cm), has small, dark
green leaves and ruby-colored flowers.
'Silverwelis' has small, bright green
leaves and large, white flowers. 'William
Buchanan', H 18in (45cm), is a vigorous
cultivar with dark green leaves and deep
purple flowers.

DACTYLIS

GRAM IN EAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

D. glomerata. 'Variegata' is an

evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.

H 3ft (lm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Silver-
striped, red-green leaves arise from tufted
rootstock. In summer bears panicles of
densely clustered, awned, purplish-green
spikelets. Z5-9 H9-5.

DACTYLORHIZA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

D. el at a, syn. Orchis elata (Marsh orchid).
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 372 ft
(1.1m). Spikes of pink or purple flowers,
72- 3 Ain (l-2cm) long, are borne in spring-
summer. Lance-shaped leaves, 6-10in (15—
25cm) long, are spotted with brownish-
purple and arranged spirally on stem.
Requires shade outdoors; keep pot plants
partially shaded in summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

D. foliosa , syn. D. maderensis, Orchis
maderensis , illus. p.265.

D. maderensis. See D. foliosa.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DAHLIA

DAHLIA

COM POSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of bushy, summer- and fall-flowering,
tuberous perennials, grown as bedding
plants or for their flower heads, which are
good for cutting or exhibition. Dwarf forms
are used for mass-planting and are also
suitable for containers. Needs a sunny
position and well-drained soil. All apart
from dwarf forms require staking. After
flowering, lift tubers and store in a frost-free
place; replant once all frost danger has
passed. In frost-free areas, plants may be left
in ground as normal herbaceous perennials,
but they benefit from regular propagation to
maintain vigor. Propagate dwarf forms
by seed sown under glass in late winter,
others in spring by seed, basal shoot
cuttings or division of tubers. Dahlias may
be subject to attack by aphids, red spider
mite and thrips. In recent years, powdery
mildew has become a problem in certain
areas, and spraying is essential. Dahlias also
succumb quickly to virus infection. See also
feature panel pp.396-98.

Border dahlias

Prolific and long-flowering, various species
of Dahlia have been hybridized and, with
constant breeding and selection, have
developed into many forms and have a
wide color range (although there is no
blue). Shoots may be stopped, or pinched
out, to promote vigorous growth and
a bushy shape. Spread measurements
depend on the amount of stopping carried
out and the time at which it is done: early
stopping encourages a broader shape,
stopping later in the growing season
results in a taller plant with much less
spread, even in the same cultivar. Leaves
are generally mid-green and divided into
oval leaflets, some with rounded tips and
some with toothed margins. Each flower
head is referred to horticulturally as a
flower, even though it does in fact comprise
a large number of individual flowers. This
horticultural usage has been followed in
the descriptions below. All forms with
flower heads to 6in (15cm) across are
suitable for cutting; those suitable for
exhibition are so noted.

Groups and flower sizes
Dahlias are divided into groups, according
to the size and type of their flower heads,
although the latter may vary in color
and shape depending on soil and weather
conditions. The groups are: (1) single;

(2) anemone; (3) collerette; (4) water-lily;

(5) decorative; (6) ball; (7) pompon; (8) cactus;
(9) semi-cactus; (10) miscellaneous;

(11) fimbriated; (12) single orchid; (13) double
orchid. For illustrations and descriptions
see p.396. Certain groups have been
subdivided; flower sizes are as follows:
Groups 4, 5, 8 and 9
A—giant-flowered; usually over lOin
(25cm) in diameter. B—large-flowered;
usually 8-10in (20-25cm) in diameter.

C—medium-flowered; usually 6-8in
(15-20cm) in diameter. D—small-flowered;
usually 4-6in (10-15cm) in diameter.

E—miniature-flowered; usually not
exceeding 4in (10cm) in diameter.

Group 6

A—small ball dahlias; usually 4-6in
(10-15cm) in diameter. B—miniature ball
dahlias; usually 2-4in (5-10cm) in diameter.

Group 7

Pompon dahlias; not exceeding 2in (5cm)
in diameter.

D. "Akita' (illus. p. 398). Miscellaneous
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer
and fall produces dark crimson to red
flowers, to 5in (13cm) across, with yellow
centers. The reverses of the petals are
tipped white. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. "Alva's Supreme' (illus. p. 398). Giant-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow flowers in
summer-fall. Is suitable for exhibition.
Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. "Anniversary Ball', syn. D. "Brookfield
Enid'. Miniature ball dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces lilac and pink flowers in
summer-faU. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Appetiser'. SmaU-flowered semi¬
cactus dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces yeUow-and-pink flowers in
summer-fan. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Arabian Night' (ihus. p.397). Small-
howered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 172ft (50cm). Has dark green leaves.
Double, dark burgundy-red flowers are
borne in summer-faU. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. "Aranka'. Collerette dahlia. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers,
with white-tipped, dark pink outer petals,
white inner petals and yeUow centers, in
summer-fab. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Autumn Fairy'. Miniature-Qowered
semi-cactus dahha. H 16in (40cm), S 12in
(30cm). Soft orange flowers, with darker
centers, are produced from mid-summer
to faU. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Avoca Cree'. SmaU-howered semi¬
cactus dahha. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces masses of bright orange bowers
in summer-fall. Is good for cutting. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. "Avoca Kiowa'. SmaU-howered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces masses of lavender-tipped, pale
yeUow flowers in summer-fan. Is good for
cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Barry Williams'. Medium-howered
decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears pink-and-yeUow flowers in summer-
faU. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Berwick Wood' (Ulus, p.397).
Medium-howered decorative dahlia.

H 472ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-faU
produces dark-centered, purple bowers on
strong stems. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. "Bicentenary'. Medium-howered
decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
In summer-faU produces dark orange
bowers, fading to pale orange at the tips.

Is good for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Biddenham Sunset' (Ulus. p. 398).
SmaU-howered decorative dahha. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Orange-red bowers
are borne in mid-summer and faU. Z9-11
HI 1-1.

D. "Bishop of Auckland' (Ulus, p.397).
Single dahlia. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces matt, blackish-green leaves and
open-centered, single, dusky-red bowers
from mid-summer to faU. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Bishop of Llandaff' (Ulus. p. 398).
Miscellaneous dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 18in
(45cm). Has bronze-green leaves and
open-centered, semidouble, dark red
bowers in summer-fan. Is exceUent as
a bedding plant. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Bishop of York' (Ulus. p. 398). Single
dahha. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm).

Produces dark purple leaves and open-
centered, single, orange-blushed, golden
bowers from mid-summer to faU. Z9-11
Hll-1.

D. "B.J. Beauty' (iUus. p.396). Medium-
howered decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Double, white bowers are
borne on strong stems in summer-faU.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Black Narcissus' (ihus. p. 398).
Medium-howered semi-cactus dahha.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
intensely dark red blooms in summer-fall.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Brian's Dream' (Ulus, p.397).
Miniature-bowered decorative dahha.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
creamy-white bowers with the tips of the
petals suffused purplish-pink, in summer-
faU. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Brookfield Enid'. See D.

'Anniversary Bah'.

D. "Butterball'. Miniature-bowered
decorative dahha. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
Produces bright yeUow bowers in early
summer. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. "Cafe au Lait' (Ulus, p.396). Giant-
bowered decorative dahha. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm). Cream bowers that merge
into pale peach in centers are borne from
mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Cameo'. SmaU-howered water-hly
dahha. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Cream
bowers, with yeUow bases, are produced
from mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Candy Cupid'. Miniature bah dahha.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer and
fah bears lavender-pink bowers that are
good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Carolina Moon' (Ulus, p.397). SmaU-
howered decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Lilac-edged, white bowers
are produced from mid-summer to fah.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Charlie Dimmock' (Ulus. p. 398).
SmaU-howered water-hly dahlia. H 572ft
(1.6m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces apricot
bowers on a pale yeUow ground, in
summer-faU. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Chat Noir'. Medium-howered semi¬
cactus dahha. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces deep reddish-black bowers
from mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Cherokee Beauty'. Giant-bowered
decorative dahha. H 472ft (1.3m), S 24-32in
(60-80cm). In summer-faU has pink bowers.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Cherwell Skylark'. SmaU-howered
semi-cactus dahha. H 3ft (lm), S 20-24in
(50-60cm). Bears orange-bushed, salmon-
pink blooms in summer-faU. Z9-11 H12-1.
D. "Chimborazo' (Ulus. p. 398). Collerette
dahha. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
are glossy, dark green. Flowers have red,
outer petals and yeUow, inner petals, in
summer-faU. Is good for exhibition. Z9-11
Hll-1.

D. "Clair de Lune'. Collerette dahha.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers have
lemon-yehow, outer petals and paler
yeUow, inner petals, in summer-faU. Is
good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. coccinea (ihus. p.397). Tuberous-rooted
herbaceous perennial. H 6—10ft (2-3m),

S 3—6ft (l-2m). From summer to late fah
produces sprays of single, yeUow, orange-
red, maroon or purple-red bowers, 2-3in
(5-8cm) across. Is a parent of many garden
dahlias. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Coltness Gem'. Weh-branched, erect,
bushy, tuberous perennial, grown as an
annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has deeply
lobed leaves and daisylike, single bower
heads in many colors throughout summer
until fah frosts. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Comet' (ihus. p. 398). Anemone dahha.
H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
glossy, dark green. Dark red bowers are
produced in summer-faU. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Cornel' (ihus. p.397). SmaU-howered
bah dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Deep
maroon-red bowers are produced from
mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Cottesmore'. Medium-howered
water-hly dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces purphsh-pink bowers,
with yeUow shading at the petal bases,
in summer-faU. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Currant Cream'. Smah bah dahha.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-faU
produces dark pink bowers with the pink-
and-white petal bases. Is good for cutting.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. Dahlietta Series "Surprise Kelly',

ihus. p.327.

D. "Dancing Queen'. SmaU-howered
semi-cactus dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). In summer-faU produces pink
bowers, with deeper pink centers. Petals
are primrose-yellow at the bases. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. "Dandy', ihus. p.327.

D. "Davenport Sunlight'. Medium-
howered semi-cactus dahha. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has bright yeUow bowers
in summer-faU. Is good for exhibition.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Deborah's Kiwi'. SmaU-howered
cactus dahha. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces pink bowers, with white bases to
the petals, in summer-faU. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Demi Schneider'. Coherette dahha.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-faU
produces single, red bowers with yeUow
centers. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. 'Downham Boyal'. Miniature-
bowered bah dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Produces deep claret-red bowers
from mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Dutch Triumph'. Large-howered
water-hly dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears yehow-pink bowers in
summer-fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "East Anglian'. SmaU-howered
decorative dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Has orange-yehow bowers in summer-faU.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Easter Sunday'. Coherette dahha.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy,
dark green. Flowers have white, inner and
outer petals and dark yeUow centers, in
summer-faU. Is good for exhibition. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. "Ellen Huston' (ihus. p. 398). Dwarf
bedding dahha. H 16in (40cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has dark bronzed leaves and
produces rich orange bowers from mid¬
summer to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Embrace'. Smah-bowered cactus
dahlia. H 37 2 ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Pale
orange bowers are borne from mid¬
summer to fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. "Eveline' (ihus. p.396). Smah-bowered
decorative dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
White bowers, with a touch of purple at the
centers and petal tips, are produced from
mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. "Fascination'. Dwarf miscehaneous

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

DAHLIA

D

558

dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
light purple flowers in summer-fall. Is
useful for bedding. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Franz Kafka' (illus. p.397). Miniature-
flowered pompon dahlia. H 32in (80cm),

S 22in (55cm). Produces lilac flowers from
mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Fusion'. Small-flowered decorative
dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). In
summer-fall produces white flowers,
the outer petals flushed pale pink, the
inner petals veined purple-violet.

Has bronze-tinged, dark green foliage.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Gallery Art Deco'. Miniature-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces dark
green leaves and bears double, red-
centered, deep orange flowers from
mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Gallery Art Fair', illus. p.298.

D. 'Gallery Art Nouveau' (illus. p.397).
Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 8in (20cm). From
mid-summer to fall produces double, pink
and purple flowers above dark green
foliage. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Gateshead Festival'. See D.

'Peach Melba'.

D. 'Gay Princess'. Small-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces lilac-lavender flowers in summer-
fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Geerling's Moonlight'. Medium-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4V2ft (1.3m),
S 2ft (60cm). Produces brilliant yellow
flowers in summer-fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Gerrie Hoek' (illus. p.397). Small-
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Abundant, rose-pink flowers are
borne on sturdy stems from mid-summer
to fafl. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Gilwood Terry G'. Small-flowered
semi-cactus dahlia. H 4V2ft (1.3m), S 3-4ft
(1-1.2m). Rowers have bronze-tinted,
orange outer petals and yellow inner
petals, borne in summer-fall. Is excellent
for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Giraffe'. Double orchid dahlia. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall has
spotted, yellow-bronze flowers. Is good
for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Glorie van Heemstede'. Small-
flowered water-lily dahlia. H 4Vzft (1.35m),

S 2ft (60cm). Clear yellow flowers are
produced on sturdy stems from mid¬
summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Grenidor Pastelle'. Medium-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4V2ft (1.3m),
S 2ft (60cm). Bears salmon-pink flowers,
with cream petal bases, in summer-fall.

Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Gwyneth'. Small-flowered water-lily
dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
bronze-tinted, orange flowers in summer-
fall. Is good for cutting. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. 'Hamari Accord' (illus. p. 398). Large-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has clear yellow flowers held
on strong stems in summer-fall. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Hamari Gold' (illus. p. 398). Giant-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has golden orange-bronze
flowers in summer-fall. Is suitable for
exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Hamari Katrina' (illus. p. 398). Large-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Bears deep butter-yellow

flowers in summer-fall. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. FIappy Single First Love ('HS First
Love'), illus. p. 398. Single dahlia. H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Produces dark purple
leaves. Peach flowers, with a central red
ring, are produced from mid-summer to
fall. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. Happy Single Juliet ('HS Juliet').

Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces fuchsia-pink flowers, from mid¬
summer to fall, and dark purple leaves.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. Happy Single Kiss ('HS Kiss').

Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Flowers with salmon-pink petals that blend
into yellow at the center with a dark brown
eye are produced from mid-summer to fall
above dark purple foliage. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. Happy Single Romeo ('HS Romeo'),
illus. p.306.

D. Happy Single Wink ('HS Wink'),

illus. p.311. Single dahlia. H 24in (60cm),

S 18in (45cm). Produces lilac-pink flowers,
each with a central, red ring around a dark
eye, from mid-summer to fall. Leaves are
dark purple.

D. 'Harvest Inflammation', illus. p.414.
D. 'Hayley Jayne'. Small-flowered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces flowers that are white at base
with purple-red tips, in summer-fall. Is
good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Hexton Copper' (illus. p. 398). Small
ball dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In
summer-fall has orange flowers. Z9-11
Hll-1.

D. 'Hillcrest Jessica' (illus. p.397). Large-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.25m),

S 2ft (60cm). Bears red-purple flowers in
summer-fall. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Hillcrest Royal' (illus. p.386).
Medium-flowered cactus dahlia. H 3Vfcft
(1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall has rich
purple flowers, with incurving petals, held
on strong stems.

D. 'Hillcrest Ultra'. Small-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces flowers, with pink outer petals
and lemon-yellow inner petals, in summer-
fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Honka'. Single orchid dahlia. H 3—4ft
(1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has masses of star¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers, with darker
yellow centers, in summer-fall. Is good for
cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'HS First Love'. See D. Happy Single
First Love.

D. 'HS Juliet'. See D. Happy Single Juliet.
D. 'HS Kiss'. See D. Happy Single Kiss.

D. 'HS Romeo'. See D. Happy Single
Romeo.

D. 'HS Wink'. See D. Happy Single Wink.
D. 'Jaldec Joker'. Small-flowered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). In
summer-fall has bright orange-red flowers,
shading to yellow at the bases. Petals are
tipped white. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Jeanette Carter'. Miniature-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears yellow flowers, sometimes
flushed pink in the centers, in summer-fall.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Jean Fairs'. Miscellaneous dahlia.

H 472ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall
produces semidouble, orange-yellow
flowers, the yellow outer petals strongly
flushed orange, the inner petals orange-
red. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Jescot Julie'. Double orchid dahlia.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has sparse,
mid-green foliage and orange-purple
flowers, with purple-backed petals, in
summer-fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Jim Rranigan'. Large-flowered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 472ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bright red flowers are held well above
the foliage in summer-fall. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Julie One'. Double orchid dahlia.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall
produces bronze-purple flowers. Is good
for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Jura' (illus. p.396). Small-flowered
semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). In summer-fall produces purple-
tipped, white flowers. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Kaiser Waltzer'. See D. 'Kaiserwalzer'.
D. 'Kaiserwalzer', syn. D. 'Kaiser
Waltzer'. Collerette dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces flowers, with large,
red outer petals and narrower, yellow inner
petals, in summer-fall. Is good as a border
plant. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Karma Amanda'. Small-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 34in (85cm), S 24in
(60cm). From mid-summer to fall produces
white flowers with lilac petal tips and
darker lilac coloring extending towards
the base. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Karma Choc' (illus. p.397). Small-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has black-green leaves.
Velvety, dark maroon flowers are produced
from mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Kathryn's Cupid'. Miniature ball
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In
summer-fall produces peach flowers that
are good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Kenora Sunset'. Medium-flowered
semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears bicolored, brilliant red and
yellow blooms in summer-fall. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Kenora Superb' (illus. p.398). Giant-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces bright orange-and-
yellow flowers in summer-fall. Z9-11
Hll-1.

D. 'Klondike', syn. D. 'Klondyke'. Large-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers in
summer-fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Klondyke'. See D. 'Klondike'.

D. 'Lakeland Sunset'. Small-flowered
cactus dahlia. H 572ft (1.65m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears yellow-orange flowers, with brighter
yellow centers, in late summer-fall. Is good
for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Lavender Athalie'. Small-flowered
cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has
glossy, dark green leaves and bears soft
lilac-lavender flowers in summer-fall. Is
good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Lilac Marston' (illus. p.397).
Miniature-flowered decorative dahlia.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears warm lilac
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z9-11
Hll-1.

D. 'Lilac Time'. Medium-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces white-edged, lilac flowers from
mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Mabel Ann'. Giant-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Apricot flowers, with pale yellow centers,
are produced from mid-summer to fall.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Marie Schnugg'. Single orchid
dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
star-like, red flowers in summer-fall. Is
good as a border plant as well as for
cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Mark Hardwick'. Giant-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears bright, deep yellow flowers,
on strong stems, in summer-fall. Is good
for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Mary Richards'. Small-flowered
decorative dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
In summer-fall produces white flowers
strongly suffused lavender-pink. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Mermaid of Zennor' (illus. p.397).
Single dahlia. H 30in (75cm), S 2ft (60cm).

In summer-fall produces lavender flowers
above delicate foliage. Is good as a border
plant. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Miniey Carol'. Pompon dahlia.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Pale orange
flowers, with a hint of red at the petal tips,
are produced from mid-summer to fall.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Mi Wong'. Pompon dahlia. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears white flowers,
suffused pink, in summer-fall. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Moonfire'. Dwarf, single dahlia.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
dark foliage before yellow-red flowers are
produced in summer-fall. Is very good as
a container plant and in a border. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Moonglow' (illus. p. 398). Large-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Pale creamy-yellow flowers
are produced from mid-summer to fall.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Moor Place'. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy, dark
green. Has red-purple flowers in summer-
fall. Is a good exhibition cultivar. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Mum's Lipstick'. Fimbriated cactus
dahlia. H 3-4ft (l-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
red-tipped, yellow flowers in summer-fall.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Nargold'. Medium-flowered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces rich orange flowers, with fringed
petals, from summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.
D. 'Natal' (illus. p.397). Pompon dahlia.

H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Dark red flowers
are produced from mid-summer to fall.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'New Dimension' (illus. p.397). Small-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 30in (75cm),
S 16in (40cm). Produces light rose-pink
flowers, with pale yellow centers, from
mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Noreen'. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall produces
dark pinkish-purple flowers. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'NZ's Robert'. Miniature water-lily
dahlia. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces red-pink flowers, with greeny-
yellow centers, in summer-fall. Is a good
container plant. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Onesta'. Small-flowered water-lily
dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
masses of flowers, with dark pink inner
petals fading to pale pink outer petals, in
summer-fall. Is good for cutting. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Onslow Renown' (illus. p.398). Large-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange
flowers in summer-fall. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Oosterbeck Remembered' (illus.
p. 398). Small-flowered semi-cactus dahlia.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears dark
orange flowers, with bright yellow inner
petals, in summer-fall. Is good for cutting.
Z9-11 HI 1-1.

D. 'Orange Berger's Record'. Medium-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Bears yellowish-orange
flowers in summer-fall. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. 'Park Princess'. Small-flowered
cactus dahlia. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Pink flowers are borne in profusion from
mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Peach Melba', syn. D. 'Gateshead
Festival'. Small-flowered decorative dahlia.
H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall
bears peach to orange flowers with lemon-
yellow petal bases. Is good for exhibition.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Pearl of Heemstede'. Small-flowered
water-lily dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces pale silvery-pink flowers on long,
thin stems in summer-fall. Is extremely
free-flowering. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. 'Pink Jupiter'. Giant-flowered semi¬
cactus dahlia. H 4Vzft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm).

In summer-fall produces deep pinkish-
mauve flowers. Is good for exhibition.

Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Pink Shirley Alliance'. Small-
flowered cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has soft lilac-pink flowers
in summer-fall. Z9-11 HI2-1.

D. 'Pink Symbol'. Medium-flowered
semi-cactus dahlia. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears pink flowers in summer-fall.
Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Pontiac'. Small-flowered cactus
dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
glossy, dark green. Bears dark pinkish-
purple flowers in summer-fall. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Pooh'. Collerette dahlia. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces yellow-tipped,
scarlet flowers, with central, yellow collars,
from mid-summer to fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Preston Park' (illus. p.398). Dwarf
single dahlia. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Bedding plant with nearly black foliage. In
summer-fall bears bright scarlet flowers,
with prominent yellow anthers, on short
stems. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Rhonda'. Pompon dahlia. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall produces
whitish-lilac flowers. Good for exhibition.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Rip City'. Small-flowered semi-cactus
dahlia. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
maroon flowers, with darker maroon-black
centers, from mid-summer to fall. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Roxy' (illus. p.397). Single dahlia.

H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). Bedding plant
with magenta-purple flowers, borne from
mid-summer to fall, and dark green-black
leaves. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Ruskin Charlotte' (illus. p.397).
Large-flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Lavender-pink flowers,
with white bases, are produced from mid¬
summer to fall. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Ryecroft Gem' (illus. p.397). Miniature-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm),

S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall produces violet-
margined, lavender-pink flowers. Is good
for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Sascha' (illus. p.397). Small-flowered
water-lily dahlia. H 6ft (1.8m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears bright purple-pink flowers, fading to
paler purple-pink towards the margins, in
summer-faU. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Shandy'. SmaH-flowered semi-cactus
dahha. H 3Vzft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).

Produces pale orange-brown flowers
in summer-fall. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Shirley Alliance'. SmaH-flowered
cactus dahha. H 4V2ft (1.3m), S 2ft (60cm).

In summer-faU bears soft orange flowers
with a gold base to each petal. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Sir Alf Ramsey'. Giant-flowered
decorative dahha. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft
(60cm). In summer-fah produces lavender-
pink flowers, with white petal bases. Z9-11
H12-1.

D. 'Small World' (ihus. p.396). Pompon
dahha. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
glossy, dark green. Has white flowers in
summer-fall. Is suitable for exhibition.
Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Smokey O'. Medium-flowered semi¬
cactus dahha. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces dark pink flowers in summer-fah.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'So Dainty' (ihus. p. 398). Miniature-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 372ft (1.1m),
S 2ft (60cm). Produces bronze-colored
flowers in summer-fah that are suitable
for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Sorbet' (ihus. p.397). Medium-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces white flowers, with
dark purple-red tips, from mid-summer to
fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Swanvale'. Small-flowered decorative
dahha. H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
yehow flowers in summer-fah. Z9-11 HI2-1.
D. 'Tiptoe' (ihus. p.397). Miniature-
flowered decorative dahlia. H 3ft (90cm),

S 2ft (60cm). Wine-red flowers, with white-
tipped petals, are borne from mid-summer
to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Trelyn Kiwi' (ihus. p.396). Small-
flowered semi-cactus dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces pink-flushed, white
flowers, with darker pink central petals, in
summer-fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Trengrove Millennium' (ihus.
p. 398). Medium-flowered decorative
dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
yehow flowers in summer-fah. Is suitable
for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Tui Ruth'. Small-flowered semi-cactus
dahha. H 37zft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm).

Produces pink-yellow flowers in summer-
fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Vicky Crutchfield'. Small-flowered
water-lily dahha. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears pink flowers in summer-fah. Is
suitable for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Vulkan'. Large-flowered semi-cactus
dahha. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Scarlet-
striped, yehow flowers are borne from
mid-summer to fah. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Wanda's Capella'. Giant-flowered
decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Has bright yehow flowers in summer-fah.

Is suitable for exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Weston Pirate'. Miniature-flowered
cactus dahha. H 472ft (1.3m), S 20-24in
(50-60cm). Produces prolific, semidouble,
dark red flowers in summer-fah. Is good
for cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Weston Spanish Dancer'.
Miniature-flowered cactus dahha.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Bright scarlet
flowers, with yehow bases, are produced
from mid-summer to fah. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Whale's Rhonda'. Pompon dahha.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves are glossy,
very dark green. In summer-fah has bright
purple flowers. Is good for exhibition.
Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'White Alva's' (ihus. p.396). Giant-
flowered decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers,
held weh above the fohage on strong
stems, in summer-fah. Is good for
exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'White Ballet' (ihus. p.396). Small-
flowered water-lily dahha. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces pure white flowers
in summer-fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'White Klankstad' (ihus. p.396).
Small-flowered cactus dahha. H 372-4ft
(1.1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, dark
green leaves and white flowers in summer-
fah. Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'White Moonlight' (ihus. p.396).
Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahha.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). White flowers
are produced on sturdy stems from mid¬
summer to fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Wootton Cupid' (ihus. p.397).
Miniature bah dahha. H 372~4ft (1.1-1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has pink flowers in summer-
fah. Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Wootton Impact', (ihus. p. 398).
Medium-flowered semi-cactus dahha.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has flowers in
shades of bronze, held weh above the
fohage on strong stems, in summer-fah.

Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Yellow Hammer' (ihus. p. 398).

Dwarf, single dahha. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has rich yehow flowers
in summer-fah. Z9-11 Hll-1.

D. 'Yelno Enchanted'. See D. 'Yelno
Enchantment'.

D. 'Yelno Enchantment', syn. D. 'Yelno
Enchanted'. Small-flowered water-lily
dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears pale
pink flowers in summer-fah. Is good for
cutting. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Yelno Firelight'. Small-flowered
water-hly dahlia. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
In summer-fah has red and yehow flowers,
with a neat petal formation, held on strong
stems. Z9-11 H12-1.

D. 'Zorro' (ihus. p. 398). Giant-flowered
decorative dahha. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Bears bright blood-red flowers in summer-
fah. Is good for exhibition. Z9-11 Hll-1.

DAIS

THYMELAEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their flowers and overah
appearance. Requires full sun and well-
drained soh. Water container plants weh
when in full growth, less when leafless.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

D. cotinifolia. Deciduous, bushy, neat
shrub. H and S 6—10ft (2-3m). Has smah,
oval to oblong, lustrous leaves. In summer
bears scented, star-shaped, rose-lilac
flowers in battened clusters, 3in (8cm)
across. Bark yields fibers strong enough
to be used as thread. Z10-11 H12-10.

Daiswa polyphylla. See Paris
polyphylla.

DAPHNE

DANAE

LIL1ACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
with inconspicuous bowers, grown for its
battened, leabike shoots. Grows in sun or
shade and in moist soh. Propagate by seed
in fah or by division from fah to spring.

D. racemosa (Alexandrian laurel).
Evergreen, arching, dense shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Has slender stems, lance-shaped,
leabike, glossy, green shoots and pointed,
glossy, bright green "leaves." Occasionahy
bears spherical, red berries. Z6-9 H9-2.

DAPHNE

THYMELAEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous shrubs, grown for their usually
fragrant, tubular bowers, each with 4
spreading lobes, and, in some species, for
their fohage or fruits (seeds are poisonous).
Dwarf species and cultivars are good for
rock gardens. Most need full sun (although
D. alpina, D. arbuscula and D. blagayana
may be grown in partial shade and D.
laureola tolerates deep shade) and fertile,
well-drained but not over-dry soh. Resents
being transplanted. Propagate species by
seed when fresh or by semiripe cuttings
in summer, cultivars by cuttings only.

Is susceptible to viruses that cause leaf
mottling. ® Ah parts, including the seed,
are highly toxic if ingested, and contact
with the sap may irritate skin.

D. alpina (ihus. p.333). Deciduous, erect
shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Leaves
are oval, downy and gray-green. Produces
terminal clusters of fragrant, white bowers
in late spring. Is suitable for a rock garden.
D. arbuscula, ihus. p.351.

D. bholua. Evergreen, occasionahy
deciduous, upright shrub. H 6-12ft (2-4m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Has leathery, dark green
fohage. Terminal clusters of richly fragrant,
purplish-pink and white bowers are borne
in winter. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Jacqueline
Postin', ihus. p.143.

D. blagayana, ihus. p.333.

D. x burkwoodii 'Somerset', ihus.
p.146. 'Somerset Variegated' is a
semievergreen, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Bears dense clusters of very
fragrant, white-throated, pink bowers in late
spring, sometimes again in fah. Narrowly
oblong, gray-green leaves are edged with
creamy-white or pale yehow. Z4-7 H7-1.

D. cneorum, ihus. p.333. 'Eximia' is an
evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),

S 20in (50cm) or more. Has smah, oval,
leathery, dark green leaves and, in late
spring, terminal clusters of fragrant, white
bowers, crimson outside and often pink-
bushed within.

D. collina. Evergreen, domed, compact
shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Oval, dark
green leaves densely cover upright
branches. Has terminal clusters of smah,
fragrant, purple-rose bowers in late spring.
Is good for a rock garden or shrubbery.
Z7-8 H8-7.

D. genkwa (Lilac daphne). Deciduous,
upright, open shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval,
dark green leaves are bronze when young.
Large, fainhy scented, lilac bowers are borne
from mid- to late spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

D. giraldii. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H and S 2ft (60cm). Clusters of fragrant.

D

559

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DAPHNIPHYLLUM

golden-yellow flowers are produced amid
oblong, pale blue-green leaves in late
spring and early summer and are followed
by egg-shaped, red fruits. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. x hendersonii 'Blackthorn Rose',

illus. p.334.

D. jasminea, illus. p.350.

D. laureola (Spurge laurel). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m).

Has oblong, dark green leaves. Slightly
fragrant, pale green flowers are borne
from late winter to early spring, followed
by spherical, black fruits. Z7-8 H8-7.
subsp. philippi, illus. p.147.

D. mezereum (February daphne,
Mezereon), illus. p.142. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Very
fragrant, purple or pink flowers clothe the
bare stems in late winter and early spring,
followed by red fruits. Mature leaves are
narrowly oval and dull gray-green. Z5-8
H8-5. f. alba (February daphne) has white
or creamy-white flowers and yellow fruits.
D. odora (February daphne). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
glossy, dark green leaves and, from mid¬
winter to early spring, very fragrant, deep
purplish-pink-and-white flowers. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Aureomarginata', illus. p.164.

D. petraea 'Grandiflora', illus. p.351.

D. retusa. See. D. tangutica Retusa Group.
D. tangutica, syn. D. retusa. Evergreen,
bushy shrub with sturdy shoots. H and
S 3ft (lm). Narrowly oval, leathery leaves
are dark green. Bears clusters of fragrant,
white-flushed, purple-pink flowers from
mid- to late spring. Z7-9 H9-7. Retusa
Group, illus. p.146.

D DAPHNIPHYLLUM

DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their habit and foliage. Male
and female flowers are borne on separate
plants. Needs a sheltered position in sun or
partial shade and deep, fertile, well-drained
but not too dry soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

D. himalaense subsp. macropodum.

See D. macropodum.

D. macropodum, syn. D. himalaense
subsp. macropodum , illus. p.lll.

DARMERA

syn. PELTIPHYLLUM

SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of one species of perennial, grown
for its unusual foliage. Makes fine marginal
water plants. Grows in sun or shade and
requires moist soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall or spring.

D. peltata, illus. p.438.

DARWIN IA

Scent myrtle

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
shrubs, grown for their flowers and
overall appearance. Needs full light
and moist, neutral to acid soil, not rich
in nitrogen. Water moderately when in
full growth, sparingly at other times.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in late summer.

560 Is difficult to root and to grow in
_ a greenhouse.

D. citriodora. Evergreen, rounded, well-
branched shrub. H and S 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m).
Oblong to broadly lance-shaped, blue-
green leaves are lemon-scented when
bruised. In spring produces pendent,
terminal heads of usually 4 small, tubular,
yellow or red flowers, each surrounded by
2 red or yellowish bracts. Z9-11 H12-9.

DASYLIRION

DRACAENACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen, palm-like perennials,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Male
and female flowers are produced on
separate plants. Requires well-drained
soil and a sunny position. Water freely
when in full growth, sparingly at other
times. Propagate by seed in spring.

D. texanum (Green Texas spoon, Texas
sotol). Evergreen, palm-like, woody-
stemmed perennial. H 3ft (lm) or more,

S 10ft (3m). Has a rosette of narrow,
drooping, green leaves, 2—3ft (60-90cm)
long, with yellowish prickles along
margins. Stems, 15ft (5m) long, emerge
from center of plant carrying dense,
narrow panicles of small, bell-shaped,
whitish flowers in summer. Dry, 3-winged
fruits develop in fall. Z9-11 HI2-1.

DAVALLIA

DAVALLIACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
often epiphytic ferns, suitable for pots and
baskets. Needs partial shade and fibrous,
moist, peaty soil. Cut off fading fronds
regularly. Propagate by division in spring
or summer or by spores in summer.

D. canariensis (Deer's foot fern. Hare's
foot fern). Semievergreen fern. H and
S 12in (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped, mid¬
green fronds, with triangular pinnae, are
produced from a scaly, brown rootstock.
Z10-11 H12-10.

D. mariesii. Evergreen fern. H 6in (15cm),
S 9in (23cm). Broadly triangular, delicately
divided, leathery, mid-green fronds are
produced from a creeping, scaly, brown
rootstock. Z9-11 H12-9.

DAVIDIA

CORNACEAE/NYSSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, spring-
and summer-flowering tree, grown for its
habit and showy, white bracts surrounding
insignificant flowers. Needs shelter from
strong winds. Requires sun or partial shade
and fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in spring
or by seed when ripe in fall.

D. involucrata, illus. p.60.

DECAISNEA

LARDIZABALACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers and
sausage-shaped fruits. Requires a sheltered,
sunny situation and fertile soil that is not too
dry. Propagate by seed in fall.

D. fargesii (illus. p.142). Deciduous, semi¬
arching, open shrub. H and S 20ft (6m).

Has blue-bloomed shoots and large, deep
green leaves of paired leaflets. Racemes
of greenish flowers in early summer are
followed by pendent, sausage-shaped,
bluish fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

DECUMARIA

HYDRANGEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, woody-
stemmed, root climbers. Prefers sun and
loamy, well-drained soil that does not dry
out. Prune, if necessary, after flowering.
Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer
or early fall.

D. barbara (Wood vamp). Deciduous
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has ovate to ovate-
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. In
summer produces rounded, terminal
clusters, 5 /sin (1.5cm) across, of small, white
flowers each with a central "brush" of
white or creamy-white stamens. Z6-9 H9-6.
D. sinensis, illus. p.192.

DEINANTHE

HYDRANGEACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing perennials with
creeping, underground rootstocks. Is useful
for rock gardens and peat beds. Needs
shaded, moist soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed when fresh.

D. bifida, illus. p.264.

D. caerulea. Slow-growing, mound¬
forming perennial. H 8in (20cm), S to 6in
(15cm). Stems, each bearing a cluster of
nodding, bowl-shaped, pale violet-blue
flowers, rise above 3-4 oval, toothed
leaves in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

Delairea odorata. See Senecio
mikanioides.

DELOSPERMA

Ice plant

AIZOACEAE

Genus of densely branched, trailing,
perennial, sometimes shrubby succulents,
some with tuberous roots. Requires full sun
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
D. cooperi. Spreading, mat-forming,
perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm),

S indefinite. Has cylindrical, fleshy,
light green leaves, 2in (5cm) long, and,
in mid- to late summer, solitary, daisylike,
magenta flowers. Z8-10 H10-8.

DELPHINIUM

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, biennials and annuals,
grown for their spikes of irregularly cup¬
shaped, sometimes hooded, spurred flowers.
Needs an open, sunny position and fertile or
rich, well-drained soil. Tall cultivars need
staking and ample feeding and watering in
spring and early summer. In spring, remove
thin growths from well-established plants,
leaving 5-7 strong shoots. If flower spikes
are removed after they fade, a second flush
may be produced in late summer, provided
plants are fed and watered well. Propagate
species by seed in fall or spring; Belladonna
Group cultivars by division or basal cuttings
of young shoots in spring; Elatum Group
cultivars by cuttings only. 0 All parts may
cause severe discomfort if ingested, and
contact with foliage may irritate skin. See
also feature panel p.217.

For ease of reference, delphinium
cultivars have been grouped as follows:
Belladonna Group. Upright, branched
perennials with palmately lobed leaves.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S to 18in (45cm). Wiry
stems bear loose, branched spikes, 12in
(30cm) long, of elf cap-shaped, single
flowers, 3 /4in (2cm) or more across, with
spurs up to lViin (3cm) long, in early and
late summer.

Elatum Group. Erect perennials with
large, palmate leaves. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m),

S 24-36in (60-90cm). In summer, produce
closely packed spikes, 16in-4ft (40cm-1.2m)
long, of regularly spaced, semidouble,
rarely fully double flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
wide, in a range of colors from white to
blue and purple, sometimes red-pink,
usually with contrasting eyes.

Pacific Hybrids. Similar to Elatum Group
cultivars, but grown as annuals or
biennials. They produce short-lived, large,
semidouble flowers on spikes in early and
mid-summer.

University Hybrids. Erect, branched
herbaceous perennials with palmately
lobed, mid-green leaves. H 3—4ft (1-1.2m),

S to 18in (45cm). In summer, stems bear
loose, branched spikes of large, semidouble
or double flowers in a range of colors in
shades of red, orange or pink. Plants need
careful cultivation to succeed.

D. 'Ailsa'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 5V2ft (1.7m). In early to mid¬
summer produces semidouble, off-white
or very pale grayish-white flowers, 272-3in
(6-7.5cm) across, with white eyes, on spikes
28-36in (70-90cm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Alice Artindale' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
Produces neat, button-like, fully double,
bicolor, rosy-mauve and sky-blue flowers,
to lV4in (3cm) across, on narrow spikes,
20-24in (50-60cm) or more long, in early
to mid-summer. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Anne Kenrick'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid¬
summer produces semidouble, pale blue
flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, with a pink
suffusion towards the central white eye,
borne on tapering spikes, to 3ft (lm)
long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Ann Woodfield'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid¬
summer produces semidouble, pale blue
flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, suffused pale
mauve, on tapering spikes, to 3ft (lm) long.
Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Atlantis'. Vigorous, Belladonna Group
herbaceous perennial. H 472ft (1.4m), S 20in
(50cm). Produces spikes of mauve-flushed,
deep blue flowers, 17*in (3cm) across,
in mid-summer. Has dark green leaves.

Z3-8 H7-1.

D. Black Knight Group. Short-lived,
Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial.

H 5-57aft (1.5-1.7m). Produces semidouble,
black-eyed, purple to deep purple flowers,
to 3in (8cm) across, on spikes, 2—3ft (60-
100cm), in early to mid-summer. Z3-8
H7-1.

D. 'Blue Dawn'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 8ft (2.5m). In mid¬
summer, spikes, to 4ft (1.2m) long, bear
pale blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) wide, with
dark brown eyes. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. Blue Fountains Group. Short-lived,
Pacific Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 5ft
(1.5m). In early to mid-summer has
variable, white-eyed, mid-blue flowers, to
3in (7cm) across, on spikes 2—3ft (70-100cm)
long. Z3-8 H7-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DELPHINIUM

D. 'Blue Lagoon'. See D. 'Langdon's
Blue Lagoon'.

D. 'Blue Nile'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 5—6ft (1.5-1.8m). In mid¬
summer has rich blue flowers, 2V2-3in
(6-7cm) across, with lightly blue-streaked,
white eyes, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long.
Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Bruce' (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5V2-7ft (1.7-2.2m).
In mid-summer, spikes to 4ft (1.2m) long
bear deep violet-purple flowers, to 3in
(8cm) across, silver-flushed towards centers
and with dark brown eyes. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. brunonianum. Upright herbaceous
perennial. H and S to 8in (20cm). Hairy
stems bear rounded, 3- or 5-lobed leaves.

In early summer, flower stems each
produce a spike, to 6in (15cm) long, of
hooded, single, pale blue to purple flowers,
lVan (4cm) wide, with short, black spurs.

Is good for a rock garden. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Butterball'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5-572ft (1.5-1.7m).
In mid-summer bears cream-eyed, white
flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, overlaid with
very pale greenish-yellow, on spikes to
20in (50cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Can-Can' (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.9m). In mid¬
summer, spikes to 30in (75cm) long bear
fully double flowers, to 372in (9cm) across,
the outer sepals margined dark blue, the
inner sepals purple-mauve with darker
veining. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. cardinale. Short-lived, upright
herbaceous perennial. H 3—6ft (l-2m),

S 2ft (60cm). In summer has single, scarlet
flowers, 172in (4cm) wide, with yellow eyes,
on spikes, 12-18in (30-45cm) long, above
palmate, finely divided leaves. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Chelsea Star'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). Has rich
deep violet flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm) across,
with white eyes, on spikes to 372ft (1.1m)
long in mid-summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. chinense. See D. grandiflorum.

D. 'Claire'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 472ft (1.4m). In mid-summer,
semidouble, pale mauve-pink flowers, to
2in (5cm) across, with cream to pale brown
eyes, are borne on spikes to 22in (55cm)
long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Clifford Lass'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 472ft (1.3m). In
mid-summer, spikes 32-36in (80-100cm)
long bear semidouble, dusky-pink flowers,
to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white-tipped,
dark brown eyes. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Clifford Sky'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid¬
summer bears semidouble, white-eyed,
sky-blue flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across,
on spikes to 3ft (lm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Cliveden Beauty' (illus. p.217).
Belladonna Group herbaceous perennial.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m). Produces sky-blue flowers,
74-lin (2-3cm) across, on spikes 12in (30cm)
long from early to mid-summer. Z3-7 H8-3.
D. consolida. See Consolida ajacis.

D. 'Conspicuous'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid¬
summer produces semidouble, pale mauve
and blue flowers, 2-27an (5-6cm) across,
with prominent dark eyes, in dense spikes
to 2ft (60cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Crown Jewel'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Spikes,
to 34in (85cm) long, bear semidouble, pale

blue and mauve flowers, to 2in (5cm)
across, with deep brown eyes, in summer.
Z3-8H7-1.

D. 'Dora Larkan'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid¬
summer produces spikes, 2ft (60cm) long,
of deep mid-blue flowers, to 272in (6cm)
across, with white eyes. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Dunsden Green'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 41_2ft (1.3m).
Spikes, 2ft (60cm) long, of semidouble,
lime-green-suffused, white flowers, to
2in (5cm) across, with small, green eyes,
are produced in mid-summer. Z3-8 H7-1.
D. 'Elizabeth Cook' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 5-572ft
(1.5-1.7m), S 172ft (50cm). In mid-summer
bears white flowers, 272in (6cm) across,
held in spires that gradually taper towards
the tips. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Emily Hawkins'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6—7ft (2-2.2m).
Semidouble, purple-mauve flowers, to
272in (6cm) across, with light yellowish-
brown eyes, are borne in mid-summer on
spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Fanfare'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6—7ft (2-2.2m). In mid-summer
bears pale blue to silvery-mauve flowers,
272-3in (6-7cm) across, with white-and-
violet eyes, on spikes 2-27zft (60-75cm)
long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Fenella'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 3-572ft (1-1.65m). Bears purple-
flushed, gentian-blue blooms, 2-272in
(5-6cm) across, with black eyes, on spikes
to 3ft (lm) long in mid-summer. Z3-7 H7-1.
D. 'Foxhill Nina'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears
semidouble, white-eyed, pale pink flowers,
2-2Vz\n (5-6cm) across, on spikes, to
2ft (60cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3-7 H7-1.
D. 'Franjo Sailin'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid¬
summer, tapering spikes, to 372ft (1.1m)
long, produce semidouble, purplish-mauve
flowers, to 4in (10cm) across, with black
eyes. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Galileo'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In early and mid¬
summer, tapering spikes, to 32in (80cm)
long, bear semidouble, violet-blue blooms,
3in (7cm) wide, paling slightly towards the
center, with brownish-black eyes. Z3-7
H7-1.

D. 'Gemini'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer,
spikes to 34in (85cm) long bear semidouble,
pale violet flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across,
edged reddish-violet with dark black-
brown eyes, white near the center.

Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Gemma'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (2m). Semidouble, pale
lavender flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) across,
with white eyes, are borne in mid-summer
on spikes to 3ft (lm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Gertrude Sailin'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 572-6ft (1.7-1.9m).
In mid-summer produces mid- to light blue
flowers, 3-372in (7.5-9.5cm) across, with
prominent, white eyes, on spikes to 3ft (lm)
long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Gillian Dallas' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
In mid-summer has spikes, to 3ft (90cm)
long, of blue-violet flowers, to 3in (8cm)
across, with white eyes and violet flecks.
Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Giotto'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 572-6ft (1.7-2m). In mid¬
summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long bear
semidouble flowers, to 3in (7.5cm) wide,
with deep purple inner sepals, dark blue
outer sepals and light yellow-brown eyes.
Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Gordon Forsyth'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m). In mid¬
summer produces semidouble, amethyst-
purple blooms, 272-3in (6-7cm) across,
with violet-flecked, black eyes, on spikes
24-28in (60-70cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. grandiflorum, syn. D. chinense. Z3-8
H7-1. 'Blue Butterfly' (illus. p.217) is a
short-lived, erect herbaceous perennial,
usually grown as an annual. H 172ft (45cm),
S 1ft (30cm). Has palmate, divided leaves. In
summer produces loose, branching spikes,
to 6in (15cm) long, of single, deep blue
flowers, lVan (3.5cm) wide. Is useful as
a bedding plant. Z3-8 H8-1.

D. 'Holly Cookland Wilkins'. Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
Produces tapering spikes, 3ft (lm) long, of
semidouble, black-eyed, lavender flowers,
to 3in (7.5cm) across, in mid-summer. Z3-8
H7-1.

D. 'Joan Edwards'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). In mid¬
summer, tapering spikes, 32-36in (80-90cm)
long, bear semidouble, vivid purplish-blue
flowers, 274-3in (5.5-7.5cm) across,
becoming paler and purple striated
towards the central, white eye. Z3-8 H7-1.
D. 'Kennington Classic'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m).
Semidouble, rich cream flowers, to 3in
(8cm) across, with well-formed, yellow
eyes, are borne in mid-summer on spikes
to 3ft (90cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Langdon's Blue Lagoon', syn. D.
'Blue Lagoon'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (2m). Tapering spikes, to
36in (90cm) long, bear semidouble, pale
to mid-blue flowers, to 3in (7cm) across,
which are paler towards the center, with
blue-specked, white eyes. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Langdon's Royal Flush' (illus. p.217).
Elatum Group herbaceous perennial.

H 6ft (2m). In mid-summer has semidouble,
magenta-pink flowers, 2-272in (5-6cm)
across, on spikes to 34in (85cm) long; upper
petals are a darker shade than lower ones.
Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Loch Leven' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H to 5ft
(1.5m). Bears semidouble, mid-blue flowers,
to 3in (7.5cm) across, with white eyes,
on 3ft (lm) spikes in early to mid-summer.
Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Lord Butler'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5-57zft (1.5-1.7m).
Produces semidouble, mid-blue flowers, to
3in (7.5cm) across, lightly flushed with pale
lilac and with blue-marked, white eyes, on
spikes to 30in (75cm) long. Z3-7 H9-1.

D. 'Lucia Sailin' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (2m).

In mid-summer, spikes to 36in (90cm) long
bear semidouble, deep purple-pink flowers,
to 3in (7.5cm) across, with dark brown
eyes. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Michael Ayres' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 6ft (1.8m).
In early and mid-summer, semidouble,
deep purple-blue flowers, to 272in (6cm)
across, with black-brown eyes, are borne
on spikes to 32in (80cm) long. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Mighty Atom'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m). In
mid-summer has semidouble, mid-violet
flowers, to 272in (6cm) across, with violet-
marked, yellowish-brown eyes, on spikes
to 272ft (75cm) long. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Min' (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 572-6ft (1.7-2m).

In mid-summer, tapering spikes, to 3ft (lm)
long, bear semidouble, pale lavender
flowers, to 3 3 Ain (9.5cm) across, with deep
lavender suffusions and veining, as well as
dark brown eyes. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Nobility'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 572ft (1.7m). Semidouble, deep
purple and dark mauve flowers, to 3in
(7.5cm) across, with prominent, white eyes,
are borne in mid-summer on spikes to
3ft (lm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. nudicaule, illus. p.340.

D. 'Olive Poppleton' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 6-8ft
(2-2.5m). Off-white flowers, 2-272in
(5-6cm) across, sometimes very faintly
flushed pink and with fawn eyes, are borne
on spikes to 3ft (lm) long in mid-summer.
Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Pink Ruffles'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 5ft (1.5m). Fully
double, shell-pink flowers, to 3in (7.5cm)
across, are borne in mid-summer on spikes
to 32in (80cm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Red Caroline' (illus. p.217). University
Hybrids herbaceous perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 1ft (30cm). Has large, palmate, soft green,
basal leaves. In summer produces spikes
of flattish, bright red flowers. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. x ruysii (Elatum Group delphinium
and D. nudicale ). University Hybrids
herbaceous perennial. H 32-39in (80—
100cm), S 16in (40cm). Has palmate, mid¬
green, basal leaves. In early summer
produces loose branched spikes of cup¬
shaped flowers in shades of red and pink.
Z3-7 H7-1. 'Pink Sensation' has slightly
mauve-tinged, salmon-pink flowers.

D. 'Sandpiper' (illus. p.217). Elatum
Group herbaceous perennial. H 3—5ft
(1-1.5m). In mid-summer has semidouble,
white flowers, to 272in (6cm) across, with
dark creamy-brown eyes, on spikes to
272ft (75cm) long. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Shimmer'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer
produces semidouble, bright blue flowers,
2-3in (5-7cm) across, with prominent,
white eyes, on spikes to 32in (80cm) long.
Z3-8H7-1.

D. 'Spindrift' (illus. p.217). Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 572-6ft (1.7-2m).

In early and mid-summer produces spikes,
to 3ft (lm) long, of semidouble, pinkish-
purple flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across,
overlaid with pale blue and with creamy-
white eyes; towards centers, the pinkish-
purple becomes paler and the blue darker.
Flower color varies according to different
types of soil; on acid soil, flowers are
greenish. Z3-7 H8-3.

D. 'Strawberry Fair'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 572ft (1.7m).

Has semidouble, white-eyed, mulberry-
pink flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across, on
spikes to 31in (78cm) long in mid¬
summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Sungleam', illus. p.219.

D. 'Sunkissed'. Elatum Group
herbaceous perennial. H 572ft (1.7m). In
mid-summer, spikes to 32in (80cm) long

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

DENDROBIUM

bear semidouble, cream flowers, to 2 3 /4in
(6.5cm) across, with canary-yellow eyes.
Z3-8H7-1.

D. tatsienense. Short-lived, upright
herbaceous perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 2-4in (5-10cm). Loose spikes, to 6in
(15cm) long, of small-spurred, single,
bright blue flowers, lin (2.5cm) long, are
borne in summer. Leaves are rounded to
oval and deeply cut. Is suitable for a rock
garden. Requires gritty soil. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. 'Tiddles'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 6ft (1.8m). In mid-summer,
semidouble to almost double, grayish-violet
flowers, 2-272in (5-6cm) across, with
brown eyes, are borne on spikes to 3ft
(90cm) long. Z3-8 H7-1.

D. 'Tiger Eye'. Elatum Group herbaceous
perennial. H 572ft (1.7m). In mid-summer,
spikes 24-28in (60-70cm) long bear
semidouble, light violet flowers, 2-272in
(5-6cm) across, with yellow-edged, brown
eyes. Z3-7 H7-1.

Dendrathema. See Chrysanthemum.

Dendrobenthamia capitata. See

Cornus capitata.

DENDROBIUM

ORCHIDACEAE

D

562

See also ORCHIDS.

D. aphyllum, syn. D. pierardii. Deciduous,
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H to 24in (60cm). In early spring
produces pairs of soft pink flowers, 17an
(4cm) across, with large, cream lips. Has oval
leaves, 2-3in (5-8cm) long. Requires partial
shade in summer. Is best grown hanging
from a bark slab. Z12-15 H12-10.

D. chrysotoxum. Deciduous, epiphytic
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.

H 24in (60cm). Trusses of cup-shaped, deep
yellow flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across and with
hairy, red-marked lips, are borne in spring.
Oval leaves are 2-3in (5-8cm) long. Provide
full light in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

D. infundibulum (illus. p.466). Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 12in (30cm). In spring, stems each
produce up to 6 pure white flowers, 3in
(8cm) wide, with yellow-marked lips. Has
oval leaves, 2-3in (5-8cm) long. Needs
partial shade in summer. HI 1-1.

D. Momozono gx 'Princess'. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H 24in (60cm) S 12in (30cm).

In spring, produces pairs of dark pink
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, fading to white
in the centers, and with white and pink
marks on lips. Oblong leaves are 4in (10cm)
long. Requires partial shade in summer.
Z13-15 H12-10.

D. nobile (illus. p.466). Deciduous, epiphytic
orchid (often evergreen in cultivation) for a
cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Trusses of
delicate, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
with prominent, maroon lips, are borne in
spring. Oval leaves are 2-3in (5-8cm) long.
Requires partial shade in summer. HI 1-1.

D. 'Oriental Paradise'. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid. H 24in (60cm). White
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with dark pink
notches on petals and yellow-marked lips,
are borne in pairs in spring. Oblong leaves
are 4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade
in summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

D. pierardii. See D. aphyllum.

DENDROCHILUM

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

D. glumaceum (Hay-scented orchid).
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). Pendent sprays
of fragrant, pointed, orange-lipped,
creamy-white flowers, 72in (1cm) long, are
produced in fall. Narrowly oval leaves are
6in (15cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

DENDROMECON

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
foliage and showy flowers. Plant against a
sunny wall in cold areas. Requires full sun
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer, by seed in
fall or spring or by root cuttings in winter.
D. rigida, illus. p.206.

Dentaria enneaphyllos. See

Cardamine enneaphyllos.

Dentaria pentaphyllos. See Cardamine
pentaphyllos.

DESCHAMPSIA

Hair grass

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

D. cespitosa (Tufted hair grass. Tussock
grass). Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial
grass. H to 3ft (lm), S 10-12in (25-30cm).
Has narrow, rough-edged, dark green
leaves. In summer produces dainty, open
panicles of tiny, pale brown spikelets that
last well into winter. Tolerates sun and
shade. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Goldtau', illus. p.289.

DESFONTAINIA

DESFONTAINIACEAE/LOGANIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage and tubular flowers. Provide
shelter in cold areas. Needs some shade,
particularly in dry areas, and moist, peaty,
preferably acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

D. spinosa , illus. p.203.

DESMODIUM

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs
and subshrubs, grown for their flowers.
Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in late
spring or by seed in fall. May also be
divided in spring.

D. elegans, syn. D. tiliifolium , illus. p.154.

D. tiliifolium. See D. elegans.

DEUTZIA

HYDRANGEACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their profuse, 5-petaled flowers. Needs
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Plants benefit from regular thinning out
of old shoots after flowering. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

D. x elegantissima 'Fasciculata'
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft
(1.5m). From late spring to early summer

produces large clusters of 5-petaled, pale
pink flowers. Leaves are oval, toothed and
mid-green. 'Rosealind', illus. p.153.

D. gracilis, illus. p.145.

D. 'Joconde'. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears 5-petaled, white
flowers, striped purple outside, in early
summer. Oval, mid-green leaves have long
points. Z6-8 H8-6.

D. longifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Large clusters of
5-petaled, deep pink flowers are produced
from early to mid-summer. Narrowly lance¬
shaped leaves are gray-green. Z7-8 H8-7.
'Veitchii', illus. p.133.

D. x magnifica. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).

Fully hardy. Produces dense clusters of
5-petaled, pure white flowers in early
summer. Leaves are narrowly oval and
bright green. Z6-8 H8-5. 'Staphyleoides',
illus. p.132.

D. monbeigii, illus. p.149.

D. 'Mont Rose', illus. p.152.

D. pulchra. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling,
orange-brown bark and lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. Slender, pendulous panicles
of 5-petaled, pink-tinged, white flowers
are borne in late spring and early summer.
Z7-8 H8-7.

D. x rosea , illus. p.146.

D. scabra, illus. p.127. 'Flore Pleno'. See
D. scabra 'Plena'. 'Plena', syn. D. scabra
'Flore Pleno' is a deciduous, upright shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly oval, dark
green leaves set off dense, upright clusters
of double, white flowers, purplish-pink
outside, from early to mid-summer.

D. setchuenensis var. corymbiflora.
Deciduous, upright shrub with peeling,
pale brown bark when mature. H 6ft (2m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Small, 5-petaled, white flowers
are borne in broad clusters in early and
mid-summer. Produces lance-shaped, long-
pointed, gray-green leaves. Z6-8 H8-6.

DIANELLA

Flax lily

LILIACEAE/PHORM1ACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
perennials. Is suitable outdoors only in
mild areas and elsewhere requires a cold
greenhouse or frame. Needs sun and well-
drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
division or seed in spring.

D. caerulea. Evergreen, tuft-forming
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In
summer has panicles of small, star-shaped,
blue flowers, above grasslike leaves,
followed by blue berries. Z9-10 H10-9.
Cassa Blue ('Dbb03'), illus. p.283.

D. tasmanica, illus. p.239.

DIANTHUS

Carnation, Pink

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
mainly summer-flowering perennials,
annuals and biennials, grown for their
mass of flowers, often scented, some of
which are excellent for cutting. Carnations
and pinks (see below) are excellent for cut
flowers and border decoration, the biennial
D. barbatus is suitable for bedding and
smaller, tuft-forming species and cultivars
are good for rock gardens. Needs an open.

sunny position and well-drained, slightly
alkaline soil, except for D. pavonius, which
prefers acid soil. Dead-heading of repeat¬
flowering types is beneficial. Tall forms of
carnations and pinks have a loose habit
and need staking. Propagate border
carnations by layering in late summer,
other named forms by softwood cuttings in
early to mid-summer and species by seed
at any time. Is susceptible to rust, red
spider mite and virus infection through
aphids, but many cultivars are available
from virus-free stock.

Carnations and pinks have narrowly
lance-shaped, silvery- or gray-green leaves,
scattered up flower stems, which may coil
outwards on carnations. They are divided
into the following groups, all with
self-colored and bicolored cultivars.

See also feature panel pp.266-67.
Carnations

Border carnations are annuals or
evergreen perennials that flower prolifically
once in mid-summer and are good for
border decoration and cutting. Each stem
bears 5 or more often scented, semidouble
or double flowers, to 3in (8cm) across;
picotee forms (with petals outlined in a
darker color) are available. H 2 1 /2-3 1 /2ft
(75cm-l.lm), S to 1ft (30cm).
Perpetual-flowering carnations are
evergreen perennials that flower year-
round if grown in a greenhouse, but more
prolifically in summer. They are normally
grown for cut flowers: flower stems should
be disbudded, leaving one terminal bud
per stem. Fully double flowers, to 4in
(10cm) across, are usually unscented and
are often flecked or streaked. H 3—5ft
(1-1.5m), S 1ft (30cm) or more.

Spray forms are not disbudded so have
5 or more flowers per stem, each 2-2Vz\n
(5-6cm) across. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S to 1ft
(30cm).

Malmaison carnations are evergreen
perennials, derived from D. 'Souvenir de la
Malmaison'. Grown under glass, they bear
large, double, scented flowers sporadically
during the year. The flowers can reach up
to 5in (13cm) across. They are mostly self-
colored, and tend to split their calyces.

H 20-28in (50-70cm), S 16in (40cm).

Pinks

Evergreen, clump-forming perennials,
grown for border decoration and cutting,
that in summer produce a succession of
basal shoots, each bearing 4-6 fragrant,
single to fully double flowers, l 1 / 2 - 2 1 / 2 in
(3.5-6cm) across. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 9-12in (23-30cm) or more.
Old-fashioned pinks have a low,
spreading habit and produce masses of
flowers in one flowering period in mid¬
summer. Mule types (a border carnation
crossed with a Sweet William) and laced
types (in which the central color extends as
a loop around each petal) are available.
Modern pinks, obtained by crossing an
old-fashioned pink with a perpetual-
flowering carnation, are more vigorous
than old-fashioned pinks, and are repeat¬
flowering with 2 or 3 main flushes of
flowers in summer.

Alpine pinks are evergreen species and
cultivars forming neat mat or cushion
plants. They will grow at the edge of
borders or in rock gardens, troughs or

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

alpine houses. In early summer, they bear
single, semidouble or double, often scented
flowers. Foliage is gray-green. H 3-4in
(8-1 Ocm), S 8in (20cm).

D. 'A. J. Macs elf'. See D. 'Dad's Favourite'.
D. 'Albisola'. Perpetual-flowering
carnation. Fully double flowers are clear
tangerine-orange. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Aldridge Yellow'. Border carnation.
Semidouble flowers are clear yellow. Z5-9
H8-1.

D. 'Alice'. Modern pink. Has clove-
scented, semidouble, ivory-white flowers,
each with a bold, crimson eye. Z5-9 H8-1.
D. alpinus , illus. p.364.

D. 'Annabelle', illus. p.364.

D. armeria (Deptford pink). Evergreen,
tuft-forming perennial, sometimes grown
as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. In summer, tall stems each bear
small, 5-petaled, cerise-pink flowers in
small bunches. Is good for a rock garden
or bank. Z3-9 H9-1.

D. barbatus (Sweet William).
Roundabout Series (dwarf). Slow-
growing, upright, bushy biennial. H 6in
(15cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has lance¬
shaped leaves. In early summer bears flat
heads of single and bicolored flowers in
shades of pink, red and white. Z3-9 H9-1.
D. 'Becky Robinson' (illus. p.266).
Modern pink. Has strongly clove-scented,
double, rose-pink flowers laced and flecked
with crimson. Z5-9 H9-5.

D. 'Bombardier'. Evergreen, tuft-
forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has
a basal tuft of linear, gray-green leaves and,
in summer, small, double, scarlet flowers.

Is good for a rock garden. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Bookham Fancy'. Border carnation.
Produces bright yellow flowers, margined
and flecked carmine-purple, on short, stiff
stems. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Bookham Perfume'. Perennial
border carnation. Has scented, semidouble,
crimson flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Bovey Belle'. Modern pink. Has clove-
scented, fully double, bright purple flowers
that are excellent for cutting. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Brilliant Star'. See D. Star Series
'Brilliant Star'.

D. 'Brympton Red'. Old-fashioned pink.
Flowers are single, bright crimson with
deeper shading. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. caesius. See D. gratianopolitanus.

D. carthusianorum, illus. p.339.

D. Candy Floss 'Devon Flavia', See
D. Scent First Series Candy Floss.

D. 'Charles Musgrave'. See
D. 'Musgrave's Pink'.

D. chinensis (China pink, Indian pink).
Slow-growing, bushy annual. H and S 6-12in
(15-30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are pale or
mid-green. Tubular, single or double flowers,
lin (2.5cm) or more wide and with open,
spreading petals, in shades of pink, red or
white, are produced in summer and early
fall. Z9-11H12-1. Baby Doll Series, illus.
p.305. 'Fire Carpet', illus. p.307.
Heddewigii Group, H 12in (30cm), has
flowers in mixed colors. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Christine Hough'. Perennial border
carnation. Semidouble, apricot flowers are
overlaid and streaked with rose-pink. Z5-9
H8-1.

D. 'Christopher'. Modern pink. Produces
lightly scented, fully double, bright salmon-
red flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Clara'. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
Fully double flowers are yellow with
salmon flecks. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Constance Finnis'. See D. 'Fair Folly'.
D. 'Coquette', illus. p.266. Perpetual-
flowering, spray carnation. Double, slightly
purplish-red flowers have toothed, almost
white margins. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Cranmere Pool', illus. p.266. Modern
pink. Double, pink-tinted, white flowers
have crimson centers and a light fragrance.
Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Cream Sue'. Perpetual-flowering
carnation. Flowers are cream colored.

Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Crompton Princess'. Perpetual-
flowering carnation. Flowers are white.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Dad's Favourite', syn. D. 'AJ.
Macself' (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned pink.
Bears scented, semidouble, white flowers
with chocolate-brown lacing. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. deltoides. Evergreen, mat-forming,
basal-tufted perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). In summer, small, 5-petaled,
white, pink or cerise flowers are borne
singly above tiny, lance-shaped leaves. Is
good for a rock garden or bank. Trim back
after flowering. Z3-10 H10-1. 'Flashing
Light'. See D. deltoides 'Leuchtfunk'.
'Leuchtfunk', syn. D. deltoides 'Flashing
Light', illus. p.365.

D. 'Denis'. Modern pink. Strongly clove-
scented, fully double, magenta flowers.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. Devon Series. Modern pink. Prolific,
double-flowered, long-flowering, medium
to tall plants raised in Devon. Z5-9 H9-5.
'Devon Dove' (illus. p.266) produces well-
scented, pure white flowers with lacy tips.
'Devon Wizard' (illus. p.267) is vigorous,
and bears vibrant, well-scented, cerise-
purple flowers with deep red centers.

D. 'Doris' (illus. p.266). Modern pink. Has
compact growth and an abundance of
fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers,
each with a salmon-red ring towards base
of flower. Is good for cutting. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Duchess of Westminster' (illus.
p.266). Vigorous Malmaison carnation.
Bears salmon-pink flowers with stronger
calyces than most Malmaison carnations.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Emile Pare'. Old-fashioned, mule
pink. Has clusters of semidouble, salmon-
pink flowers and, unusually for a pink,
mid-green foliage. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Eva Humphries'. Perennial border
carnation. Has fragrant, semidouble
flowers with white petals, each outlined
in purple. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Fair Folly', syn. D. 'Constance Finnis'.
Modern pink. Flowers are single and
usually dusky-pink to dusky-purple with
2 white splashes on each petal. Z5-9 H8-1.
D. 'Feuerhexe' (illus. p.267). Alpine pink.
Strongly scented, fringed, single, magenta
flowers are produced throughout summer.
Has silvery-blue leaves. Z3-10 H10-1.

D. 'Forest Treasure'. Perennial border
carnation. Has double, white flowers with
reddish-purple splashes on each petal.
Z5-9H8-1.

D. 'Freckles'. Compact modern pink. Has
fully double flowers that are red-speckled
and dusky-pink. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Fusilier' (illus. p.267). Dwarf, modern
pink. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant, single, rose-red
flowers have blood-red eyes. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Golden Cross' (illus. p.267). Border
carnation. Produces bright yellow flowers
on short, stiff stems. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Gran's Favourite' (illus. p.266). Old-
fashioned pink. Bears fragrant, semidouble,
white flowers with deep raspberry lacing.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. gratianopolitanus, syn. D. caesius,
illus. p.363.

D. 'Green Eyes'. See D. 'Musgrave's Pink'.
D. haematocalyx. Evergreen, tuft-
forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in
(10cm). Leaves are lance-shaped and
usually glaucous. Bears 5-petaled, toothed,
beige-backed, deep pink flowers on slender
stems in summer. Is suitable for a rock
garden or scree. Z5-9 H9-5.

D. 'Happiness'. Perennial border
carnation. Semidouble flowers are yellow,
striped scarlet-orange. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Haytor'. See D. 'Haytor White'.

D. 'Haytor White', syn. D. 'Haytor' (illus.
p.266). Modern pink. Fully double, white
flowers, borne on strong stems, have a
good scent. Is widely grown, especially
to provide cut flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Hidcote'. Evergreen, tufted, compact
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bears a basal
tuft of linear, spiky, gray-green leaves and,
in summer, double, red flowers. Is suitable
for a rock garden. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Houndspool Ruby', syn. D. 'Ruby',

D. 'Ruby Doris', illus. p.268.

D. 'Ibiza'. Perpetual-flowering, spray
carnation. Fully double flowers are shell-
pink. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Iceberg'. Modern pink. Fragrant
flowers are semidouble and pure white.

Has a somewhat looser habit than
D. 'Haytor White'. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Inchmery' (illus. p.266). Old-fashioned,
mule pink. Highly scented, double, pale
pink flowers are borne above blue-green
leaves. Does well on heavy soil. Z4-9 H9-1.
D. 'India Star' See D. Star Series
'India Star'.

D. 'Joy'. Modern pink. Bears semidouble,
pink flowers that are strongly scented and
good for cutting. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Kobusa'. See D. Pierrot.

D. 'La Bourbille'. See D. 'La Bourboule'.
D. 'La Bourboule', syn. D. 'La Bourbille',
illus. p.365.

D. 'Laced Monarch'. Modern pink.
Double flowers are pink, laced with
maroon-red. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Laced Prudence'. See D. 'Prudence'.
D. 'Lady Madonna' (illus. p.266). Modern
pink. Double, white flowers have fringed
petals, bright ruby centers and a powerful
clove fragrance. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Lavender Clove'. Vigorous border
carnation. Bears lavender-gray flowers on
long stems. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. Lily the Pink ('WP05 Idare'), illus.
p.267. Modern pink. Fringed, double, vivid
lavender-pink flowers have redder centers
and a sweet, spicy fragrance. Is unusually
vigorous. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Little Jock', illus. p.363.

D. 'London Brocade'. Modern pink. Has
clove-scented, crimson-laced, pink flowers.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'London Delight'. Old-fashioned pink.
Fragrant flowers are semidouble and
lavender, laced with purple. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Manon'. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
Is one of the best deep pink cultivars with
fully double flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

DIANTHUS

D. 'Mars'. Evergreen, tuft-forming
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small,
double, cherry-red flowers in summer.
Bears a basal tuft of linear, gray-green
leaves. Is good in a rock garden. Z5-9 H8-1.
D. 'Master Stuart'. Perennial border
carnation. Has semidouble, white flowers
with scarlet stripes. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. microlepis, illus. p.366.

D. 'Milky Way' (illus. p.266). Perpetual-
flowering, spray carnation. Shallowly
toothed, double, white flowers may be
slightly cream in the centers. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. Miss Pinky. See D. 'Valda Wyatt'.

D. 'Monica Wyatt' (illus. p.267).

Modern pink. Fragrant, fringed, double,
deep pink flowers, with crimson centers,
are borne over an unusually long season.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. monspessulanus. Evergreen, mat¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). In summer, masses of strongly
fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed, pale
lavender flowers rise on slender stems
above short tufts of fine, grasslike leaves.

Is good for a rock garden. Needs gritty soil.
Z5-9H8-1.

D. 'Moulin Rouge' (illus. p.267). Modern
pink. Has double, pink flowers with
burgundy lacing, rich burgundy centers
and a strong clove scent. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Mrs. Sinkins' (illus. p.266). Old-
fashioned pink. Rowers are heavily scented,
fringed, fully double and white. Z5-9 H8-1.
D. 'Murcia'. Perpetual-flowering
carnation. Has fully double, deep golden-
yellow flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Musgrave's Pink', syn. D. 'Charles
Musgrave', D. 'Green Eyes' (illus. p.266).
Old-fashioned pink. Bears single, white
flowers with green eyes. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. myrtinervius, illus. p.364.

D. neglectus. See D. pavonius.

D. 'Neon Star' See D. Star Series
'Neon Star'.

D. 'Nina'. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
Is one of the best crimson cultivars. Fully
double flowers have smooth-edged petals.
Z5-9H8-1.

D. Passion ('WP Passion'), See D. Scent
First series 'Passion'.

D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
D. Pierrot ('Kobusa'). Perpetual-
flowering carnation. Bears fully double,
light rose-lavender flowers with purple-
edged petals. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Pike's Pink', illus. p.364.

D. 'Pink Calypso'. SeeD. 'Truly Yours'.

D. 'Pink Jewel' (illus. p.267). Alpine pink.
Has strongly scented, semidouble, pink
flowers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Pixie Star', illus. p.267.

D. pavonius, syn. D. neglectus, illus. p.363.
D. 'Prado Mint' (illus. p.267). Perpetual-
flowering carnation. Double, pale
yellowish-green flowers have shallowly
toothed margins. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Prudence', syn. D. 'Laced Prudence'.
Old-fashioned pink. Fragrant flowers
are semidouble and pinkish-white with
purple lacing. Has a spreading habit.

Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Queen of Sheba' (illus. p.267). Old-
fashioned pink. Has clove-scented, single,
white flowers laced and flaked with
magenta-purple. Z5-8 H8-5.

D. 'Baggio di Sole'. Perpetual-flowering
carnation. Fully double flowers are bright
orange. Z5-9 H8-1.

563

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DIANTHUS

D. 'Red Barrow'. Perpetual-flowering,
spray carnation. Fully double, bright
scarlet flowers are borne in abundance.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Rose de Mai' (illus. p.267). Old-
fashioned, mule pink. Double, mauve-pink
flowers have darker centers. Z4-9 H9-1.

D. 'Ruby'. See D. 'Houndspool Ruby'.

D. 'Ruby Doris'. See D. 'Houndspool
Ruby'.

D. 'Sam Barlow'. Old-fashioned pink.
Bears very fragrant, frilly, fully double, white
flowers with brown centers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Sandra Neal'. Border carnation. Fully
double, golden-apricot flowers are flaked
deep rose-pink. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. Scent First Series. Modern pink.
Compact, repeat-flowering, strongly
scented plants that tolerate extreme
weather conditions. Z5-9 H8-1. Candy
Floss ('Devon Flavia'), illus. p.266,
has highly scented, double, bright sugar-
pink flowers, with lacy tips and richer
pink centers. Z5-9 H9-5. Passion
('WP Passion'), illus. p.267, produces
rounded, fragrant, double, bright red
flowers over an unusually long season.
Z4-8 H8-1. Tickled Pink ('Devon
PP 11'), illus. p.267, bears rounded,
semidouble, fringed, deep lavender
flowers, with a strong spicy scent,
over a long season.

D. 'Show Ideal'. Modern pink. Flat-
petaled, semidouble flowers are white
with red eyes and are strongly scented.

Is excellent for exhibition. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Sops-in-wine'. Old-fashioned pink.
Bears fragrant, single, maroon flowers
with white markings. Z5-9 H8-1.

D D. Starlight ('Hilstar'), illus. p.267.

Modern pink. Strongly scented, single,
rose-lavender flowers turn to lilac, then
mature to almost white. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. Star Series. Prolific Modern pink
with single or semidouble flowers over
mounded foliage. Z5-9 H8-1. 'Brilliant
Star' (illus. p.266) has fragrant,
semidouble, glistening white flowers,
with rich velvet-red centers. 'Evening
Star' (illus. p.266) bears single or
semidouble, rounded, bright deep pink
flowers with gently rippled edges and
crimson eyes. 'India Star' (illus. p.267)
produces single, rich rose-pink flowers
with bold, deep red eyes and a fine
fragrance. 'Neon Star' (illus. p.267) has
silvery-green leaves and single, vivid
magenta flowers over a very long season.
Z4-9 H8-1. 'Pixie Star' (illus. p.267)
bears single, rose-lavender flowers
with slightly wavy petals and deep pink
eyes. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. superbus. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has narrowly lance-shaped, pale green
leaves. In summer, slender stems bear
very fragrant, 5-petaled, deeply fringed,
pink flowers with darker centers. Is
suitable for a rock garden. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Crimsonia' (illus. p.267). has slender,
rather floppy stems bearing fragrant,
well-dissected, single, scarlet flowers.
Z3-8 H8-1.

D. 'Tayside Red', illus. p.267. Malmaison
carnation. Produces brick-red flowers
through summer and into fall. Does best in a
— cool glasshouse or conservatory. Z4-8 H8-1.

564 D. 'Tickled Pink'. See D. Scent First

_ Series Tickled Pink.

D. 'Tigre'. Perpetual-flowering carnation.
Has fully double, yellow flowers with a
uniform, pinkish-purple stripe and edging
to each petal. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Tony'. Perpetual-flowering, spray
carnation. Fully double flowers are yellow
with red stripes. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Truly Yours', syn. D. 'Pink Calypso'.
Perpetual-flowering carnation. Fully double
flowers are a good pink. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Valda Wyatt', syn. D. Miss Pinky, illus.
p.267. Modern pink. Very fragrant flowers
are fully double and rose-lavender. Z5-9
H8-1.

D. 'Valencia'. Perpetual-flowering
carnation. Has fully double, orange blooms.
Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Whatlield Magenta'. Alpine pink.
Fragrant, single, brilliant magenta flowers
have paler throats. Has deep blue leaves.
Z3-8 H8-1.

D. 'White Ladies' (illus. p.266). Old-
fashioned pink. Produces very fragrant,
fully double, white flowers with greenish
centers. Z5-9 H8-1.

D. 'Widecombe Fair'. Modern pink.
Semidouble flowers, borne on strong
stems, are of unusual coloring—peach-
apricot, opening to blush-pink. Z5-9 H8-1.
D. 'WP05 Idare'. See D. Lily The Pink.

D. 'WP Passion'. See D. Scent First
Series Passion.

DIAPENSIA

DIAPENSIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spreading subshrubs,
suitable for rock gardens and troughs.
Needs partial shade and peaty, sandy,
acid soil. Is very difficult to grow in hot,
dry climates at low altitudes. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

D. lapponica. Evergreen, spreading
subshrub. H and S 3in (7cm). Has tufts
of small, rounded, leathery leaves. Bears
solitary, tiny, bowl-shaped, white flowers
in early summer. Zl-5 H5-1.

DIASCIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
annuals and perennials, some of which are
semievergreen, grown for their tubular,
pink flowers. Is suitable for banks and
borders. Needs sun and rich, well-drained
soil that is not too dry. Cut back old stems
in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in late spring, by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

D. barberae (Twinspur). 'Blackthorn
Apricot', syn. D. 'Blackthorn Apricot',
illus. p.278. 'Fisher's Flora', syn. D.
cordata of gardens, illus. p.339. 'Ruby
Field' is a mat-forming perennial.

H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm). Heart-shaped,
pale green leaves clothe short, wiry stems.
Produces tubular, wide-lipped, salmon-
pink flowers throughout summer.

D. 'Blackthorn Apricot'. See D.
barberae 'Blackthorn Apricot'.

D. cordata of gardens. See D. barberae
'Fisher's Flora'.

D. Ice Cracker ('Hecrack'), illus. p.337.
D. Little Dancer ('Pendan'), illus. p.301.
D. personata , illus. p.223.

D. rigescens, illus. p.339.

D. 'Salmon Supreme', illus. p.345.

D. vigilis. Prostrate perennial. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 24in (60cm). Pale green leaves
are small, rounded and toothed. Upright
branchlets bear loose spikes of flattish,
outward-facing, pale pink flowers in
summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

DICENTRA

Bleeding heart

PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
sprays of pendent flowers. Most do best
in partial shade and rich, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division when
dormant in late winter, species also by seed
in fall. ® Contact with the foliage may
aggravate skin allergies.

D. 'Adrian Bloom'. Spreading, tuft¬
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has sprays of pendent, heart-
shaped, rich carmine-pink flowers above
oval, gray-green leaves. Z4-8 H10-1.

D. cucullaria , illus. p.348.

D. eximia of gardens. See D. formosa.

D. formosa, syn. D. eximia of gardens
(Western bleeding heart). Spreading, tufted
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

In spring-summer bears slender, arching
sprays of pendent, heart-shaped, pink
or dull red flowers above oval, finely cut,
gray-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. peregrina. Tuft-forming perennial.

H 3in (8cm), S to 2in (5cm). Locket-shaped,
pink flowers are borne in spring-summer
above fernlike, blue-green leaves. Needs
gritty soil. Is suitable for an alpine house.
Z4-8 H8-1.

D. spectabilis, syn. Lamprocapnos
spectabilis, illus. p.223. f. alba, syn.
Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba, illus. p.223.

D. 'Spring Morning', illus. p.256.

D. 'Stuart Boothman', illus. p.268.

DICHELOSTEMMA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their dense flower heads on leafless
stems. Is related to Brodiaea and is similar
to Allium in appearance. Needs sunny and
well-drained soil. Water freely in spring,
but dry out after flowering. Propagate by
seed in fall or spring or by offsets in fall
before growth commences.

D. congestum, syn. Brodiaea congesta,
illus. p.392.

D. ida-maia, syn. Brodiaea ida-maia. Early
summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (lm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Long, narrow leaves are
semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears
a dense head of flowers, 3 A-lin (2-2.5cm)
long, each with a red tube and 6 green
petals. Z5-8 H8-5.

D. pulchellum, syn. Brodiaea capitata,
Brodiaea pulchella. Early summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Long, narrow leaves are
semierect and basal. Leafless stem bears
a dense head of narrowly funnel-shaped,
pale to deep violet flowers, V2- 3 /4in (l-2cm)
long, with violet bracts. Z6-10 H10-6.

DICHORISANDRA

COMMELINACEAE

Genus of erect, clump-forming, evergreen
perennials, grown for their ornamental
foliage. Prefers fertile, moist but well-

drained soil, humid conditions and partial
shade. Propagate by division in spring or
by stem cuttings in summer.

D. reginae, illus. p.473.

Dichromena colorata. See

Rhynchospora colorata.

DICKSONIA

DICKSONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
treelike ferns that resemble palms and that
are sometimes used to provide height in
fern plantings. Needs partial shade and
rich, moist soil. Remove faded fronds
regularly. Propagate by spores in summer.
D. antarctica, illus. p.290.

D. fibrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
(deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),

S to 12ft (4m). Sturdy trunks are crowned
by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance¬
shaped, dark green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long.
Z9-10 H10-9.

D. squarrosa. Evergreen, treelike fern
(deciduous in cold climates). H to 20ft (6m),

S to 12ft (4m). Slender trunks are crowned
by a rosette of spreading, divided, lance¬
shaped, mid-green fronds, to 6ft (2m) long,
with blackish stalks and midribs. Z9-10
H10-9.

DICTAMNUS

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Resents disturbance. Propagate by
seed sown in late summer when fresh.

® The foliage, roots and seeds of D. albus
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
and contact with the foliage may cause
photodermatitis.

D. albus (Burning bush. Dittany, Gas
plant), var. albus, illus. p.230. var.
purpureus , syn. D. fraxinella. Upright
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has light
green leaves divided into oval leaflets. In
early summer bears spikes of fragrant,
star-shaped, purplish-pink flowers with
long stamens. Z3-8 H8-3.

D. fraxinella. See D. albus var. purpureus.

Didiscus coeruleus. See Trachymene
coerulea.

DIDYMOCHLAENA

DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen fern.

Has tufts of glossy, mid-green fronds,
tinged with rose-pink or red when young.
Requires partial shade, high humidity and
moist, rich soil. Propagate by spores as
soon as ripe, or divide in spring.

D. lunulata. See D. truncatula.

D. truncatula, syn. D. lunulata. Evergreen
fern. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has erect
rhizomes and triangular, divided fronds,

2—5ft (60cm-1.5m) long, with simple
diamond-shaped segments. Z9-11 H12-9.

DIEFFENBACHIA

Dumb cane. Mother-in-law's tongue

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
grown for their foliage. Needs fertile, well-
drained soil and partial shade. Propagate
in spring or summer by stem cuttings or

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

pieces of leafless stem placed horizontally
in compost. Scale insect or red spider mite
may be troublesome. (D All parts may
cause severe discomfort if ingested, and
contact with sap may irritate skin.

D. amoena of gardens. See D. seguine
'Amoena'.

D. 'Exotica'. See D. seguine 'Exotica'.

D. maculata 'Exotica'. See D. seguine
'Exotica'. 'Rudolph Roehrs'. See
D. seguine 'Rudolph Roehrs'.

D. 'Memoria'. See D. seguine 'Memoria
Corsii'.

D. seguine. Evergreen, tufted perennial.
H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Broadly lance¬
shaped leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, are
glossy and dark green. Insignificant, tiny,
greenish-white flowers, clustered on the
spadix, are surrounded by a narrow,
leaflike spathe that is produced
intermittently. Z14-15 H12-1. 'Amoena',
syn. D. amoena of gardens, H to 6ft (2m),
is robust and has creamy-white bars along
lateral veins on leaves. 'Exotica', syn.

D. 'Exotica', D. maculata 'Exotica', illus.
p.465. 'Memoria Corsii', syn. D.
'Memoria' has gray-green leaves, marked
dark green and spotted white. 'Rudolph
Roehrs', syn. D. maculata 'Rudolph
Roehrs', D. seguine 'Roehrs', illus. p.474.
'Roehrs'. See D. seguine 'Rudolph
Roehrs'.

DIERAMA

Angel's fishing rod , Wandflower
IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
summer-flowering corms, grown for their
pendent, funnel- or bell-shaped flowers on
long, arching, wiry stems. Flourishes near
pools. Prefers a warm, sheltered, sunny site
and well-drained soil that should be kept
moist in summer when in growth. Dies
down partially in winter. Propagate by
division of corms in spring or by seed in
fall or spring. Resents disturbance, and
divisions take a year or more to settle
and start flowering again.

D. 'Blackbird'. Evergreen, upright
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm).
Produces cascades of nodding, funnel-
shaped, violet-mauve flowers on wiry,
pendulous stems, in summer, above
grasslike leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

D. dracomontanum , syn. D. pumilum.
Vigorous, evergreen, upright perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer
freely produces nodding, funnel-shaped
flowers, in shades of pink and violet, on
wiry stems. Leaves are grasslike. Z8-9
H9-7.

D. ensifolium. See D. pendulum.

D. pendulum , syn. D. ensifolium , illus.
p.392.

D. pulcherrimum , illus. p.386.

D. pumilum. See D. dracomontanum.

DIERVILLA

CAPRI FOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs. Is similar to Weigela. Needs partial
shade or full sun and moderately fertile,
well-drained soil. To keep the shrub neat,
remove 2- and 3-year-old stems in winter
or after flowering. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in late summer or by hardwood
cuttings in fall.

D. sessilifolia (Southern bush
honeysuckle). Deciduous, spreading shrub.
H and S 3-5ft (1-1.5m). Narrowly oval,
pointed, serrated, green leaves are often
copper-tinted when young. Has terminal
and lateral clusters of tubular, pale yellow
flowers in summer. To treat as an
herbaceous perennial, cut back to ground
level each spring and apply mulch and
fertilizer. Z4-8 H8-1.

DIETES

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, iris-like, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their flowers in
spring or summer. Needs sun or partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil that does
not dry out excessively. Propagate by seed
in fall or spring or by division in spring
(although divisions do not become
re-established very readily).

D. bicolor , illus. p.395.

D. iridioides , syn. D. vegeta of gardens.
Evergreen, spring- and summer-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm),

S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Bears semierect, sword¬
shaped, basal leaves in a spreading fan.
Branching, wiry stems bear iris-like, white
flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm) across; each of the
3 large petals has a central, yellow mark.
Z8-11 H12-8.

D. vegeta of gardens. See D. iridioides.

DIGITALIS

Foxglove

scrophulariaceae/plantaginaceaT

Genus of biennials and perennials, some
are evergreen, grown for their summer
flower spikes. Species mentioned below
grow in most conditions, even dry, exposed
sites, but do best in partial shade and moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in fall. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested. Contact with foliage
may irritate skin.

D. ambigua. See D. grandiflora.

D. canariensis. See Isoplexis canariensis.
D. eriostachya. See D. lutea.

D. ferruginea (Rusty foxglove). Perennial
best treated as a biennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),

S 1ft (30cm). Long, slender spikes bear
funnel-shaped, orange-br own and white
flowers in mid-summer above basal
rosettes of oval, rough leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

D. grandiflora, syn. D. ambigua (Yellow
foxglove). Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).
Racemes of downward-pointing, tubular,
creamy-yellow flowers are borne in
summer above a rosette of oval to oblong,
smooth, strongly veined leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.
D. lutea, syn. D. eriostachya. Upright
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).

In summer, delicate spires of downward¬
pointing, narrowly tubular, creamy-yellow
flowers are borne above a rosette of oval,
smooth, mid-green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

D. x mertonensis. Clump-forming
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces spikes of downward-pointing,
tubular, rose-mauve to coppery flowers in
summer, above a rosette of oval, hairy, soft
leaves. Divide after flowering. Z3-8 H8-1.

D. purpurea (Common foxglove).

Upright, short-lived perennial, grown as
a biennial. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m), S 2ft (60cm).

Has a rosette of oval, rough, deep green

leaves and, in summer, tall spikes of tubular
flowers in shades of pink, red, purple or
white. Z4-8 H9-1. f. albiflora, syn.

D. purpurea f. alba, illus. p.299. f. alba.

See D. purpurea f. albiflora.

DILLENIA

DILLENIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or briefly deciduous,
spring-flowering trees, grown for their
flowers and foliage and for shade. Needs
moist, fertile soil and full light. Water
container plants freely while in full growth,
less in winter. Propagate by seed in spring.

D. indica (Chulta). Briefly deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 25-40ft (8-12m). Has
oval, serrated, boldly parallel-veined, glossy
leaves, 1ft (30cm) long. Nodding, cup¬
shaped, white flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) wide,
are produced in spring, followed by edible,
globular, greenish fruits. Z14-15 H12-1.

DIMORPHOTHECA

African daisy. Cape marigold
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen subshrubs. Requires sun and
fertile, very well-drained soil. Dead-head
to prolong flowering. Propagate annuals
by seed sown under glass in mid-spring,
perennials by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Is susceptible to botrytis in wet summers.
D. annua. See D. pluvialis.

D. barberae of gardens. See
Osteospermum jucundum.

D. pluvialis, syn. D. annua, illus. p.299.

DIONAEA

DROSERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, rosette¬
forming perennials. Needs partial shade
and a humid atmosphere; grow in a
mixture of peat and moss, kept constantly
moist. Propagate by seed or division
in spring.

D. muscipula, illus. p.473.

DIONYSIA

PRIMULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, cushion-forming
perennials. Grow in an alpine house in
sun and very gritty, well-drained soil.
Position deep collar of grit under cushion
and ensure good ventilation at all times.
Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer. Plants are susceptible
to botrytis.

D. aretioides , illus. p.358.

D. microphylla. Evergreen perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Rosettes of oval
to rounded, often sharply pointed, gray-
green leaves, with mealy, yellow coating
beneath, form tight cushions. Small, short¬
stemmed, 5-petaled, white-eyed, pale to
deep violet-yellow flowers, with darker
petal bases, are produced in early spring.
Z5-7 H7-5.

D. tapetodes, illus. p.358.

DIOON

ZAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
palm-like appearance. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water container

DIOSPYROS

specimens moderately when in full
growth, less at other times. Propagate
by seed in spring.

D. edule (Chestnut dioon, Mexican fern
palm). Slow-growing, evergreen, palm-like
shrub, eventually with a thick, upright
trunk. H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 5-10ft (1.5-3m).
Feather-like leaves, 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m) long,
have spine-tipped, blue-green leaflets.
Z8-11 H12-5.

DIOSCOREA

DIOSCOREACEAE

Genus of tuberous perennials, some of
which are succulent, and herbaceous
or evergreen, twining climbers, grown
mainly for their leaves. Insignificant
flowers are generally yellow. Prefers full
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by division, or
by cutting off sections of tuber in spring
or fall or by seed in spring.

D. discolor. See D. dodecaneura.

D. dodecaneura, syn. D. discolor,
illus. p.459.

D. elephantipes, syn. Testudinaria
elephantipes, illus. p.492.

DIOSMA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, wiry-stemmed shrubs,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Needs full light and well-
drained, neutral to acid soil. Water
container specimens moderately when in
full growth, less at other times. To create
a compact habit, shorten flowered stems
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

D. ericoides (Breath of heaven). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, loosely rounded
shrub. H and S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Aromatic,
needlelike leaves are crowded on stems.

In winter-spring produces a profusion of
small, fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers,
sometimes tinted red. Z13-15 H12-10.

Diosphaera. See Trachelium.

Diosphaera asperuloides. See

Trachelium asperuloides.

DIOSPYROS

EBENACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits.
To obtain fruits, plants of both sexes should
be grown. Needs full sun and does best in
hot summers. Requires fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall.

D. kaki (Chinese persimmon, Japanese
persimmon, Kaki). Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Oval, glossy,
dark green leaves turn orange, red and
purple in fall. Tiny, yellowish-white flowers
in summer are followed on female trees by
large, edible, rounded, yellow or orange
fruits. Z7-10 H1Q-7.

D. lotus (Date plum). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m).
Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves, tiny,
red-tinged, green flowers from mid-
to late summer and, on female trees,
unpalatable, rounded, purple or yellow
fruits. Z6-10 H10-6.

565

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DIPCADI

DIPCADI

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
mainly for botanical interest. Will not
tolerate cold, wet winters, so is best grown
in a cold frame or alpine house. Needs
a warm, sunny situation and light, well-
drained soil. Is dormant in summer.
Propagate by seed in fall.

D. serotinum , illus. p.422.

DIPELTA

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs, with bold,
long-pointed leaves, grown for their
tubular flowers and peeling bark.

After flowering, bracts beneath flowers
enlarge and become papery and brown,
surrounding the fruits. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Benefits from the occasional removal
of old shoots after flowering. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

D. floribunda, illus. p.lll.

D. yunnanensis, illus. p.110.

DIPHYLLEIA

BERBERIDACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with creeping
rootstocks and umbrella-like leaves. Is
best suited to woodland gardens. Needs
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall.

D. cymosa (Umbrella leaf). Rounded
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has large, rounded, 2-lobed leaves. In
spring bears loose heads of inconspicuous,
white flowers followed by indigo-blue
berries on red stalks. Z7-10 H10-7.

Dipidax. See Onixotis.

Dipidax triquetrum. See Onixotis
triquetra.

Diplacus glutinosus. See Mimulus
aurantiacus.

Dipladenia. See Mandevilla.

Dipladenia boliviensis. See Mandevilla
boliviensis.

Dipladenia splendens. See Mandevilla
splendens.

DIPLARRHENA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
perennial. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring.

D. moraea, illus. p.264.

DIPSACUS

Teasel

DIPSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE

566

Genus of biennials or short-lived
perennials, grown for their flower heads,
which are good for drying. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile soil. Sow seed in
fall or spring.

D. fullonum (Teasel). Prickly biennial.

H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 12-32in (30-80cm). In
the first year produces basal rosette of
toothed, dark green leaves covered in
spiny pustules. Thistle-like, pinkish-
purple or white flower heads, with stiff,
prickly bracts, are borne terminally on
upright stems with paired leaves in

mid- and late summer of the second
year. Self-seeds readily and can escape
cultivation. Z5-8 H8-5.

DIPTERONIA

ACERACEAE/SAPINDACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
their foliage and fruits. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

D. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading,
sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 20ft (6m). Large, mid-green leaves have
7-11 oval to lance-shaped leaflets.
Inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers
in summer are followed by large clusters
of winged, red fruits. Z8-10 H10-8.

DISA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

D. uniflora. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.

H lV2-2ft (45-60cm). Has narrowly lance¬
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, 9in (22cm)
long. In early summer each stem bears up to
7 hooded, scarlet flowers, 3-4in (8-10 cm)
long, that have darker veins and are suffused
yellow. Needs partial shade and continually
moist soil. Grow from seed or propagate
by division of offsets when dormant. Z13-15
H12-10.

DISANTHUS

HAMAM ELI DACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, fall¬
flowering shrub, grown for its overall
appearance and fall color. Needs partial
shade and rich, moist but not wet, neutral
to acid soil. Propagate by layering in spring
or by seed when ripe or in spring.

D. cercidifolius, illus. p.141.

DISCARIA

RHAMNACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or almost leafless
shrubs and trees, grown for their habit
and flowers. Spiny, green shoots assume
function of leaves. Needs a sheltered, sunny
site and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

D. toumatou (Wild Irishman). Deciduous
or almost leafless, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft
(2m). Shoots have sharp, rigid spines. Tiny,
star-shaped, greenish-white flowers are
borne in dense clusters in late spring. Z8-9
H9-8.

DISOCACTUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with
flattened, strap-shaped stems. Is closely
related to Epiphyllum , with which it
hybridizes. Spines are insignificant. Stems
may die back after flowering. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate
by stem cuttings in spring or summer.

D. ackermannii, syn. Epiphyllum
ackermannii, Nopalxochia ackermannii (Red
orchid cactus). Erect, then pendent,
epiphytic, perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm),

S 2ft (60cm). Has fleshy, toothed, green
stems, to 3in (7cm) across and 16in (40cm)
long. Bears funnel-shaped, red flowers, 6in

(15cm) wide, in spring-summer along
indented edges of stems. Zll-14 H12-5.

D. flagelliformis. See Aporocactus
flagelliformis.

D. 'Gloria', illus. p.485.

D. 'Jennifer Ann', illus. p.496.

D. 'M.A. Jeans', illus. p.485.

D. phyllanthoides 'Deutsche
Kaiserin', illus. p.485.

DISPORUM

Fairy bells

LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE

Genus of spring- and early summer¬
flowering perennials. Is suitable for
woodland gardens. Requires partial shade
and rich soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall.

D. hookeri. Clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are
narrowly oval and mid-green. Orange-red
berries in fall follow clusters of drooping,
open bell-shaped, greenish-white flowers
in spring. Z4-9 H9-1.

D. sessile 'Variegatum'. Rapidly
spreading, clump-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Solitary,
tubular-bell-shaped to bell-shaped, creamy-
white flowers are produced in spring. Has
narrowly oval, pleated leaves irregularly
striped with white. Z4-9 H9-1.

DISTICTIS

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their colorful,
trumpet-shaped flowers. Needs well-
drained soil and full light. Water freely
in summer, less at other times. Support
for stems is necessary. Thin out congested
growth in spring. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in early summer or by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

D. buccinatoria, syn. Phaedranthus
buccinatorius, illus. p.461.

DISTYLIUM

FI AMAMELI DACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Prefers
a sheltered, partially shaded position and
moist, peaty soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

D. racemosum. Evergreen, arching
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
oblong, leathery, glossy and dark green.
Bears small flowers, with red calyces and
purple anthers, from late spring to early
summer. Zll H12-10.

Dizygotheca elegantissima. See

Schefflera elegantissima.

DOCYNIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
spring-flowering trees, grown for their
flowers and foliage; is related to Cydonia.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.

Other than shaping while young, pruning is
not necessary. Propagate by seed in spring
or fall, by budding in summer or by grafting
in winter. Caterpillars may be troublesome.
D. delavayi. Evergreen or semievergreen,
spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m) or more.
Oval to lance-shaped leaves are white-

felted beneath. In spring has fragrant,
white flowers, pink in bud; ovoid, downy,
yellow fruits follow in fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

DODECATHEON

Shooting stars

PR1MULACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
perennials, grown for their flowers,
with reflexed petals and prominent
stamens. Once fertilized, flowers turn
skywards—hence their common name.

Is dormant after flowering. Prefers sun
or partial shade and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
or by division in winter.

D. dentatum (White shooting star).
Clump-forming perennial. H 3in (7cm),

S lOin (25cm). Leaves are long, oval and
toothed. In late spring bears white
flowers, with dark stamens and reflexed
petals. Prefers partial shade. Z4-8 H8-2.
D. hendersonii, illus. p.333.

D. meadia (Eastern shooting star).
Clump-forming perennial. H 8in (20cm),

S 6in (15cm). Leaves are oval and pale
green. In spring bears pale pink flowers,
with reflexed petals, above foliage. Prefers
partial shade. Z4-8 H8-1. f. album ,
illus. p.333.

D. pauciflorum. See D. pulchellum.

D. pulchellum , syn. D. pauciflorum.
Clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 4in (10cm). Is similar to D. meadia but
flowers are usually deep cerise. Z4-7 H8-2.
'Red Wings', illus. p.333.

DODONAEA

SAP IN DACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown mainly for their foliage and overall
appearance. Prefers full sun and well-
drained soil. Water container plants freely
when in full growth, less at other times.

Cut back in late summer and in spring
if needed, to maintain a balanced shape.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in late summer.

D. viscosa 'Purpurea', illus. p.457.

Dolichos lablab. See Lablab purpureus.

Dolichos purpureus. See Lablab
purpureus.

DOMBEYA

STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers. Needs full sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, less when temperatures fall. Cut
back after flowering. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
may be a nuisance.

D. burgessiae, syn. D. mastersii.
Evergreen shrub. H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 5-1 Oft
(1.5-3m). Has rounded, 3-lobed, downy
leaves and dense clusters of fragrant,
white flowers, with pink to red veins, in
fall-winter. Z12-15 H12-10.

D. x cayeuxii, illus. p.450.

D. mastersii. See D. burgessiae.

Dondia. See Hacquetia.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DORONICUM

Leopard's bane
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
daisylike flowers, which are good for
cutting. Most prefer full sun or partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in fall.

D. austriacum. Clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Bears daisylike, pure yellow flower heads
on slender stems in spring. Heart-shaped,
wavy-edged bright green leaves are hairy.
Z5-8 H8-5.

D. x excelsum 'Harpur Crewe', syn.

D. plantagineum 'Excelsum'. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Large, daisylike, buttercup-yellow flower
heads are borne, 3 or 4 to a stem, in
spring. Leaves are heart-shaped and
bright green. Is good for a dry, shaded
site. Z4-8 H8-1.

D. 'Fruhlingspracht'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces daisylike, double, bright yellow
flower heads in spring. Has heart-shaped,
bright green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

D. 'Miss Mason', illus. p.227.

D. orientate 'Magnificum', illus. p.263.
D. plantagineum 'Excelsum'. See D. x
excelsum 'Harpur Crewe'.

DOROTHEANTHUS

A1ZOACEAE

Genus of succulent annuals, suitable for
hot, dry places such as rock gardens, screes
and gaps in paving. Needs sun and grows
well in poor, very well-drained soil. Dead¬
head to prolong flowering. Propagate by
seed sown under glass in early spring, or
outdoors in mid-spring. Protect from slugs
and snails.

D. bellidiformis, syn.
Mesembryanthemum criniflorum
(Livingstone daisy). Zll H9-1. 'Magic
Carpet' is a carpeting annual. H 6in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
pale green leaves. Daisylike flowers, in
bright shades of red, pink, yellow or white,
open in sun.

DORYANTHES

LI LIACEAE/DORYANTH ACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their flowers. Needs
a sunny position and rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate by mature bulbils, by seed
in spring or by suckers after flowering.

D. palmeri, illus. p.470.

Dorycnium hirsutum. See Lotus
hirsutus.

Douglasia vitaliana. See Vitaliana
primuliflora.

Doxantha capreolata. See Bignonia
capreolata.

Doxantha unguis-cati. See Macfadyena
unguis-cati.

DRABA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering annuals and
evergreen or semievergreen, cushion- or
mat-forming perennials. Some species
form soft, green cushions that in winter

turn brown except at the tips, appearing
dead. Is suitable for alpine houses. Needs
sun and gritty, well-drained soil. Dislikes
winter wet. Propagate by softwood
cuttings of the rosettes in late spring or
by seed in fall.

D. aizoides (Yellow whitlow grass).
Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial.

H lin (2.5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has lance¬
shaped, stiff-bristled leaves in rosettes
and, in spring, 4-petaled, bright yellow
flowers. Is suitable for a gravel garden.
Z4-6 H6-1.

D. bryoides. See D. rigida var. bryoides.

D. hispanica. Semievergreen, cushion¬
forming perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in
(10cm). Pale green leaves are oval and
soft. Clusters of flat, 4-petaled, pale
yellow flowers are borne in spring.

Z4-6 H6-1.

D. longisiliqua, illus. p.357.

D. mollissima , illus. p.358.

D. polytricha. Semievergreen, cushion¬
forming perennial. H 272in (6cm), S 6in
(15cm). Forms rosettes of tiny round leaves.
Bears flat, 4-petaled, golden-yellow flowers
in spring. Is difficult to grow. Keep stones
under cushion at all times. Remove dead
rosettes at once. Z4-6 H6-1.

D. rigida, illus. p.357. var. bryoides, syn.
D. bryoides is an evergreen, hummock¬
forming perennial. H iWin (4cm), S 272ft
(6cm). Has tiny, round, dark green leaves.
Produces small clusters of almost stemless,
4-petaled, bright yellow flowers that cover
hummocks in spring.

DRACAENA

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage. Needs full sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately, much less in
low temperatures. Rejuvenate leggy plants
by cutting back to near soil level in spring.
Propagate by seed or air-layering in
spring or by tip or stem cuttings in
summer. Mealy bug may be a nuisance.

D. australis. See Cordyline australis.

D. deremensis. See D. fragrans
Deremensis Group. 'Souvenir de
Schrijver'. See D. fragrans Deremensis
Group 'Warneckei'. 'Warneckei'. See D.
fragrans Deremensis Group 'Warneckei'.

D. draco, illus. p.451.

D. fragrans (Corn plant). Z14-15 H12-1.
Deremensis Group, syn. D. deremensis
is a slow-growing, evergreen, sparsely
branched shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft
(lm) or more. Has erect to arching, lance¬
shaped, glossy, deep green leaves, to 18in
(45cm) long. Mature plants may bear large
panicles of small, red-and-white flowers in
summer. 'Warneckei', syn. D. deremensis
'Souvenir de Schrijver', D. deremensis
'Warneckei', illus. p.454. 'Massangeana'
has broad longitudinally banded leaves of
yellow and pale green interspersed with
narrow, gray-green stripes. Z13-15 H12-10.
D. indivisa. See Cordyline indivisa.

D. marginata. Slow-growing, evergreen,
erect shrub or tree. H 10ft (3m) or more,

S 3—6ft (l-2m) or more. Leaves are
narrowly strap-shaped and rich green with
red margins. Flowers are rarely produced.
Zll-12 H12-1. 'Tricolor', illus. p.452.

D. sanderiana, illus. p.453.

DRACOCEPHALUM

Dragon's head

LAB IATAE/LAMI ACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
perennials, suitable for rock gardens and
borders. Prefers sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in spring or fall or by basal cuttings of
young growth in spring.

D. ruyschiana. Erect perennial.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Freely
bears whorled spikes of 2-lipped, violet-
blue flowers from early to mid-summer.
Mid-green leaves are linear to lance¬
shaped. Z3-7 H7-1.

D. sibiricum. See Nepeta sibirica.

DRACUNCULUS

ARACEAE ~

Genus of robust, tuberous perennials that
produce roughly triangular, foul-smelling
spathes. Where marginally hardy protect
dormant tubers with a heavy mulch. Needs
sun and well-drained soil that dries out in
summer. Propagate by offsets in late
summer or by seed in fall.

D. vulgaris, syn. Arum dracunculus, illus.
p.386.

DREGEA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for botanical
interest. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
cuttings in summer or fall.

D. corrugata. See D. sinensis.

D. sinensis, syn. D. corrugata, Wattakaka
sinensis, illus. p.197.

Drejerella guttata. SeeJusticia
brandegeeana.

Drepanostachyum falconeri. See

Himalayacalamus falconeri.

DRIMIA

LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE ~

Genus of late summer- or early fall¬
flowering bulbs, growing on or near soil
surface, with spear-shaped flower spikes
up to 5ft (1.5m) high. Needs sun and well-
drained soil that dries out while bulbs are
dormant in summer. Plant in mid- to late
summer. Water until leaves die down.
Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets
in late summer.

D. maritima, syn. Urginea maritima. Late
summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. Bears
broadly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves
in fall after long spikes of small star¬
shaped, white flowers.

DRIMYS

WINTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and star-shaped
flowers. Where marginally hardy, grow
against a sunny wall. Needs sun or
partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

D. aromatica. See D. lanceolata.

D. axillaris. See Pseudowintera axillaris.

DRYAS

D. colorata. See Pseudowintera colorata.
D. lanceolata, syn. D. aromatica, illus.
p.197.

D. winteri, syn. Wintera aromatica, illus.
p.73.

DROSANTHEMUM

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of erect or prostrate, succulent
shrubs with slender stems and summer
flowers. Needs full sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or summer.

D. hispidum. Shrub with arching or
spreading branches that root down.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has cylindrical,
light green leaves, 5 /s-lin (1.5-2.5cm) long.
In summer bears masses of daisylike,
purple flowers, to lWin (3cm) across.
Z10-13 H12-9.

D. speciosum. Erect, shrubby
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm).

Has semicylindrical leaves, 72- 3 /4in
(l-2cm) long. Masses of daisylike, green-
centered, orange-red flowers, to 2in (5cm)
across, are produced in summer. Z9-13
H12-9.

DROSERA

Sundew

DROSERACEAE

Genus of evergreen, insectivorous
perennials. Grow in sun, in a mixture of
peat and moss that is not allowed to dry
out. Propagate by seed or division in
spring.

D. capensis, illus. p.473.

D. spatulata, illus. p.473.

DRYANDRA

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown
for their flowers, foliage and overall
appearance. Needs full light and
well-drained, sandy soil that is low in
nutrients. Is difficult to grow. Water
container plants moderately, less in
low temperatures. Plants under glass
must be freely ventilated. Propagate
by seed in spring.

D. formosa. Evergreen, bushy shrub.
H 6—15ft (2-5m), S 5-10ft (1.5-3m).
Strap-shaped leaves are divided into
triangular, closely set lobes, creating a
saw-blade effect. In spring produces
small, scented, tubular, orange-yellow
flowers in domed, terminal heads.
Z10-11 H12-10.

DRYAS

Mountain avens

ROSACEAE

Genus of evergreen, prostrate, woody-
based perennials, grown for their oak-like
leaves and cup-shaped flowers. Is useful
on banks and walls, in rock gardens and
as groundcover. Prefers sun and gritty,
well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate
by seed or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

D. drummondii. Evergreen, prostrate,
woody-based perennial. H 2in (5cm),

S indefinite. Sturdy stems are clothed
in small, oval, lobed, leathery, dark green

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

DRYOPTERIS

leaves. In early summer bears nodding,
cream flowers that never fully open.
Z2-6 H6-1.

D. octopetala , illus. p.361.

D. x suendermannii. Evergreen,
prostrate, woody-based perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S indefinite. Is similar to
D. drummondii, but has slightly nodding,
pale cream flowers that open horizontally.
Z3-6 H6-1.

DRYOPTERIS

Wood fern

DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ASPIDIACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
ferns, many of which form regular,
shuttlecock-like crowns. Requires shade
and moist soil. Regularly remove fading
fronds. Propagate by spores in summer
or by division in fall or winter.

D. affinis , syn. D. borreri, D. pseudomas
(Golden male fern). Virtually evergreen
fern. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has a
"shuttlecock" of lance-shaped, divided
fronds, 8-32in (20-80cm) tall, from an
erect rhizome. Fronds are pale green as
they unfurl in spring, in contrast to the
scaly, golden brown midribs; they mature
to dark green and often remain green
through winter. Is distinguished from D.
filix-mas by a dark spot where each
pinna joins the midrib. Z6-8 H8-6.

D. atrata. See D. cycadina.

D. austriaca. See D. dilatata.

D. borreri. See D. affinis.

D. carthusiana (Spinulose wood fern.
Toothed wood fern). Deciduous or
semievergreen, creeping, rhizomatous
D fern. H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm). Produces
lance-shaped, much-divided, mid-green
fronds with triangular to oval pinnae.
Z6-8 H8-6.

D. cycadina , syn. D. atrata, D. hirtipes.
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has an erect rhizome producing
a "shuttlecock" of lance-shaped, divided,
bright green fronds, 18in (45cm) long,
with green midribs. Z6-9 H9-6.

D. dilatata, syn. D. austriaca (Broad
buckler fern). Deciduous or semievergreen
fern. H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm). Has much-
divided, arching, mid-green fronds, with
triangular to oval pinnae, on sturdy, dark
brown stems. Z6-8 H8-5.

D. erythrosora, illus. p.293.

D. filix-mas , illus. p.293. 'Grandiceps
Wills' is a deciduous fern. H and S 3ft
(90m). Has "shuttlecocks" of broadly lance¬
shaped, tasselled, arching, mid-green
fronds, arising from crowns of large,
upright, brown-scaled rhizomes. Tip
of each frond has a heavy crest, and pinnae
are also finely crested.

D. goidieana (Giant wood fern, Goldie's
fern). Deciduous fern. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Has broadly oval, light green
fronds divided into numerous oblong,
indented pinnae. Z6-8 H8-5.

D. hirtipes. See D. cycadina.

D. marginalis (Marginal wood fern).
Deciduous fern. H 24in (60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Fronds are lance-shaped, dark
green and divided into numerous oblong,
slightly indented pinnae. Z3-8 H8-1.

D. pseudomas. See D. affinis.

D. sieboldii. Semievergreen, tufted fern.
568 H and S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Produces erect
_ or arching, long-stalked, yellowish-green

fronds, 8-20in (20-50cm) long, with up to
6 pairs of narrowly lance-shaped pinnae,
6-12in (15-30cm) long. Z6-8 H8-6.

D. wallichiana, illus. p.292.

DUCHESNEA

ROSACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
semievergreen, grown as groundcover
as well as for their flowers. Is suitable
for hanging baskets. Needs well-drained
soil and sun or partial shade. Propagate
by division in spring, by rooting plantlets
formed at ends of runners in summer
or by seed in fall.

D. indica, syn. Fragaria indica (Indian
strawberry). Semievergreen, trailing
perennial. H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite.
Dark green leaves have 3 toothed leaflets
like those of strawberries. Solitary,
5-petaled, bright yellow flowers, to
lin (2.5cm) wide, with leafy, green frills
of sepals, are borne from spring to
early summer. Strawberry-like, tasteless,
red fruits develop in late summer.

Z6-8 H8-6.

DUDLEYA

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial
succulents, closely related to Echeveria.
Requires full sun and very well-drained
soil. Water sparingly when plants are
semi-dormant in mid-summer. Propagate
by seed or division in spring or summer.
D. brittonii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 8-24in (20-60cm) or more
when in flower, S 20in (50cm). Has
narrowly lance-shaped, tapering,
fleshy, silvery-white leaves. Masses of
star-shaped, pale yellow flowers are
produced in spring-summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

D. pulverulenta, illus. p.490.

DURANTA

VERBENACEAE

Genus of fast-growing, evergreen or
partially deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Needs full light and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Prune as necessary to curb
vigor. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
may be troublesome.

D. erecta, syn. D. plumieri, D. repens ,
illus. p.319. 'Gold Edge', illus. p.319.

D. plumieri. See D. erecta.

D. repens. See D. erecta.

DU VALIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming or carpeting,
perennial succulents with short, thick,
leafless stems; is closely related to
Stapelia. Star-shaped flowers have
thick, fleshy petals recurved at tips.
Requires partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or summer.

D. corderoyi, illus. p.493.

Duvernoia adhatodoides. See Justicia
adhatoda.

DYCKIA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials. Requires full light and well-
drained soil containing sharp sand or grit.
Water moderately in summer, scarcely or
not at all in winter, sparingly at other times.
Propagate by offsets or division in spring.
D. remotiflora. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H and S 12-20in (30-50cm). Has
dense rosettes of arching, very narrowly
triangular, pointed, thick-textured, dull
green leaves with hooked spines and gray
scales beneath. Woolly spikes of tubular,
orange-yellow flowers are produced above
the foliage in summer-fall. Z13-15 H12-10.

DYPSIS

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
elegant appearance. Needs full light or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens moderately,
much less when temperatures are low.
Propagate by seed in spring at not less
than 79°F (26°C). Red spider mite may
sometimes be a nuisance.

D. lutescens, syn. Areca lutescens,
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, illus. p.452.
(Azores heath)

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

E

ECCREMOCARPUS

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, subshrubby, tendril
climbers, grown for their flowers, which
appear over a long period. One species
only is commonly grown. Usually treated
as an annual. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in early
spring.

E. scaber, illus. p.208.

ECHEVERIA

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
with long-lasting flowers. Leaves take
on their brightest colors from fall to spring.
Needs sun, good ventilation and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed, stem or
leaf cuttings, division or offsets in spring
or summer.

E. agavoides. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
tapering, light green leaves, often red-
margined. Bears cup-shaped, red flowers.
Vain (1cm) long, in summer. Z10-11 H12-1.
E. cooperi. See Adromischus cooperi.

E. derenbergii. Clump-forming,
perennial succulent. H lVdn (4cm), S 12in
(30cm). Produces short-stemmed rosette of
rounded, gray-green leaves. Flower stem,
3in (8cm) long, produces cup-shaped,
yellow-and-red or orange flowers in
spring. Offsets freely. Is often used as
a parent in breeding. Z13-15 H12-10.

E. elegans, illus. p.484.

E. gibbiflora. Rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 12in
(30cm). Rosettes of spoon-shaped, pointed,
gray-green leaves, often tinged red-brown,
are stemless or borne on short stems. Cup¬
shaped, red flowers, yellow within, are
borne on stems, 3ft (90cm) long, in fall-
winter. Z13-15 H12-10. var. metallica,
syn. E. gibbiflora 'Metallica' has white- or
red-margined, purple-green leaves that
mature to green-bronze. 'Metallica'. See
E. gibbiflora var. metallica.

E. harmsii, syn. Oliveranthus elegans.
Bushy, perennial succulent. H 8in (20cm),

S 12in (30cm). Erect stems are each
crowned by rosette, 2Van (6cm) wide, of
short, narrowly lance-shaped, pale green
leaves covered in short hairs. In spring
bears cup-shaped, orange-tipped, red
flowers, yellow within. Z13-15 H12-10.

E. montana. Rosetted, perennial
succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).
Spoon-shaped, pointed, waxy-bloomed,
light green leaves are produced in a small,
short-stemmed, clustered rosette. Slender
flower stem, 12-16in (30-40cm) long, bears
cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers in
summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

E. pulvinata (Plush plant). Bushy,
perennial succulent. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has brown-haired stems topped by
rosette of thick, rounded, green leaves that
become red-edged in fall. Leaves have
short, white hairs. Bears red flowers in
spring. Z12-15 H12-10.

E. secunda, illus. p.487.

E. setosa (Mexican firecracker). Basal-
rosetted, perennial succulent. H lVdn (4cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has long, narrow, mid-green
leaves covered in short, thick, white hairs.
Bears cup-shaped, red-and-yellow flowers
in spring. Is prone to rotting: do not water
foliage. Z13-15 H12-10.

ECHINACEA

Coneflower

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Prefers sun and rich, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division or
root cuttings in spring.

E. angustifolia , illus. p.221. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, hairy,
dark green leaves. In summer, upright
stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads
with narrow, reflexed, pale pinkish-purple
ray florets and a central, orange-brown
cone. Needs an open position. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. 'Green Envy'. Clump-forming, erect
perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 12in (30cm).
Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves.

In summer, upright stems bear solitary,
daisylike, lime-green flower heads with
a central, greenish-purple cone and rather
broad, overlapping ray florets, which are
pinkish-purple at bases. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. 'Green Jewel'. Clump-forming, erect
perennial. H 20-24in (50-60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. In summer, upright stems bear
solitary, daisylike, soft-green flower heads
with rather short, overlapping ray florets
and a central, bright green cone. Z4-9 H9-1.
E. 'Harvest Moon', illus. p.221. Clump¬
forming, erect perennial. H to 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. In summer, upright often
branched stems bear daisylike flower
heads with rather reflexed, orange-tinged,
soft yellow ray florets and a central,
greenish-yellow cone. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. paradoxa , illus. p.221. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 12in (30cm) or
more. Has narrowly lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. In summer, upright stems
bear solitary, daisylike, bright yellow
flower heads with drooping, long, slender
ray florets and a central, dark brown cone.
Needs an open position. Z4-8 H8-1.

E. Pixie Meadowbrite ('CBG Cone 2').
Compact perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. In summer, sturdy, well-branched
stems bear solitary, daisylike, bright pink
flower heads with horizontal ray florets
and a central, greenish-pink cone, which
matures to crimson. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. purpurea, syn. Rudbeckia purpurea
(Purple coneflower). Erect perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m) or more, S 172ft (45cm) or more. Has
oval, hairy, dark green, basal leaves. From
summer to mid-fall, branching stems bear
solitary, daisylike, pinkish-purple or white
flower heads with horizontal or reflexed
ray florets and a central, orange-brown
cone. Is best in an open position. Z3-9
H9-1. 'Coconut Lime' (illus. p.221),

H to 2ft (60cm), has reflexed, white ray
florets and a central cone that develops
into a rounded pompom of shorter, green
florets forming a shuttlecock-shaped
head. 'Doppelganger'. See E. purpurea
'Doubledecker'. 'Doubledecker', syn.

E. purpurea 'Doppelganger' (illus. p.221),

H 3ft (lm), has reflexed, magenta-pink ray

florets and a central, dark brown cone, out
of which develop further, smaller ray
florets. Elton Knight ('Elbrook'), H 2ft
(60cm) has a compact, bushy habit and
produces numerous flower heads with
horizontal, bright pink ray florets and a
central, purplish-red cone. 'Fragrant
Angel' (illus. p.221), H 3ft (lm), bears
fragrant flower heads with overlapping,
horizontal, white ray florets, sometimes
green tinged, and a central, orange cone.
'Kim's Knee High', H 2ft (60cm) has a
compact habit and produces masses of
small, warm pink flower heads with
reflexed ray florets and a central, orange
cone. 'Kim's Mop Head', H 20-24in
(50-60cm), has a compact habit and
produces near-horizontal, white ray florets
and a central, greenish-orange cone.
'Magnus' (illus. p.221), H 3ft (lm),
produces large, red-pink flower heads with
rather broad, overlapping, horizontal ray
florets. 'Razzmatazz' (illus. p.221), H 36in
(90cm), has soft pink flower heads, the
central cone of which develops into a
rounded pompom of shorter, reddish-pink
ray florets. May need staking. 'Robert
Bloom' illus. p.234. 'Rubinstern', H 32in
(80cm), bears large, reddish-pink flowers
with horizontal ray florets and a central,
brownish-red cone. 'Ruby Giant', H 32in
(80cm), produces sturdy stems bearing rich
pink flower heads with a second row of ray
florets; these are held horizontally, giving
flowers an impression of greater size than
selections with drooping ray florets.
'Sundown' (illus. p.221), H 32in (80cm),
has a variable form and flower color, and
bears usually overlapping, near-horizontal,
warm orange ray florets and a central, dark
orange cone. 'White Lustre', H 4ft (1.2m),
has lance-shaped leaves and produces
strong stems bearing white flower heads
with a prominent, central, orange-brown
cone. Z3-9 H12-1. 'White Swan', H 28in
(70cm), bears rather reflexed, warm white
ray florets and a central, orange-brown
cone.

E. 'Tiki Torch'. Clump-forming, erect
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear solitary,
daisylike, bright orange flower heads with
a central, reddish-brown cone and rather
reflexed ray florets, which are darkest at
bases. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. 'Tomato Soup'. Clump-forming, erect
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has lance-shaped, dark green leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear daisylike,
fiery orange-red flower heads with ray
florets held more or less horizontally and
a central, greenish-brown cone. Z4-9 H9-1.

ECHI NOCACTUS

Barrel cactus

CACTACEAE

Genus of slow-growing, hemispherical,
perennial cacti. Cold temperatures cause
yellow patches on E. grusonii. Requires
full sun and very well-drained soil.
Yellow-flowered species are easy to
grow. Propagate by seed in spring.

E. asterias. See Astrophytum asterias.

E. chilensis. See Eriosyce chilensis.

E. eyriesii. See Echinopsis oxygona.

E. grusonii (Golden barrel cactus). Slow-
growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus.

H to 24in (60cm), S to 32in (80cm). Spined,
green stem has 30 ribs. Woolly crown
bears a ring of straw-colored flowers in
summer, only on stems more than 15in
(38cm) wide. Z9-10 H10-8.

E. ingens. See E. platyacanthus.

E. myriostigma. See Astrophytum
myriostigma.

E. ornatus. See Astrophytum omatum.

E. platyacanthus , syn. E. ingens. Slow-
growing, hemispherical, perennial cactus.
H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Gray-blue stem has
a woolly crown and up to 50 ribs. Funnel-
shaped, yellow flowers, UAin (3cm) across,
are produced in summer only on plants
more than 16in (40cm) in diameter. Z12-15
H12-10.

E. scheeri. See Sclerocactus scheeri.

E. uncinatus. See Sclerocactus uncinatus.

ECHINOCEREUS

Hedgehog cactus

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti, freely branching with age, some with
tuberous rootstocks. Buds, formed inside
spiny stem, burst through skin, producing
long-lasting flowers, with reflexed petal
tips and prominent, green stigmas,
followed by pear-shaped, spiny seed pods.
Some species tolerate light frost if dry.
Needs full sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

E. baileyi. See E. reichenbachii var. baileyi.
E. cinerascens. Clump-forming,
perennial cactus. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm).
Has stems 3in (7cm) wide, each with 5-12
ribs. Areoles each bear 8-15 yellowish-
white spines. Mature plants produce
masses of trumpet-shaped, bright pink or
purple flowers, 5in (12cm) across and with
paler petal bases, in spring. Z12-15 H12-10.
E. leucanthus, syn. Wilcoxia albiflora,
illus. p.482.

E. pectinatus. Columnar cactus. H Min
(35cm), S 8in (20cm). Has sparsely
branched, green stems with 12-23 ribs
and short, comblike spines, often variably
colored. In spring bears trumpet-shaped,
purple, pink or yellow flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, with paler bases. Z12-15 H12-10.

E. pentalophus, syn. E. procumbens, illus.
p.484.

E. procumbens. See E. pentalophus.

E. reichenbachii. Columnar cactus.

H 14in (35cm), S 8in (20cm). Slightly
branched, multicolored stem with 12-23
ribs has comblike spines, 5 /sin (1.5cm) long.
Trumpet-shaped, pink or purple flowers,

5in (12cm) across, with darker petal bases,
are produced in spring. Z13-15 H12-10.
var. baileyi , syn. E. baileyi, illus. p.484.

E. schmollii, syn. Wilcoxia schmollii, illus.
p.492.

E. triglochidiatus. Clump-forming,
perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has a short, thick, dark green stem
with 3-5 spines, to lin (2.5cm) long, per
areole. In spring bears funnel-shaped,
bright red flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with
red stamens and green stigmas. Z11-12
H12-9. var. paucispinus illus. p.496.

Echinodorus ranunculoides. See

Baldellia ranunculoides.

Echinofossulocactus. See Stenocactus.
Echinomastus macdowellii. See

Thelocactus macdowellii.

ECHINOPSIS

ECHINOPS

Globe thistle

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their globelike, spiky flower
heads. Does best in full sun and in poor
soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall
or by root cuttings in winter. Flower
heads dry well.

E. bannaticus. Upright perennial. H 4-5ft
(1.2-1.5m), S 272ft (75cm). Has narrow,
deeply cut leaves and pale to mid-blue
heads of spherical flowers, borne on
branching stems in late summer. Z5-9
H9-5. 'Taplow Blue', illus. p.241.

E. ritro 'Veitch's Blue'. Upright
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 272ft (75cm).
Sharply divided, dark green leaves are
covered in down beneath. Has round,
thistle-like, purplish-blue heads of flowers
borne in late summer on silvery stems.

Z3-9 HI 1-1.

E. sphaerocephalus. Massive, bushy
perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Has deeply
cut, mid-green leaves, pale gray beneath,
and gray stems bearing round, grayish-
white flower heads in late summer. Z3-9
H9-1.

ECHINOPSIS

Easter lily cactus, Sea urchin cactus
CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti, mostly freely branching; it is
sometimes held to include Trichocereus.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
or summer.

E. a urea, syn. Lobivia a urea, Pseudolobivia
aurea, Lobivia cylindrica, illus. p.495.

E. backebergii, syn. E. backerbergii
subsp. backebergii, Lobivia backebergii,
illus. p.491. subsp. backebergii. See
E. backebergii.

E. bridgesii. See E. lageniformis.

E. candicans, syn. Trichocereus candicans,
illus. p.492.

E. chamaecereus, syn. Chamaecereus
silvestrii, Lobivia silvestrii, illus. p.486.

E. cinnabarina, syn. Lobivia cinnabarina.
Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 6in
(15cm). Glossy, dark green stem has about
20 warty ribs and mostly curved, dark
spines. In summer bears funnel-shaped to
flattish, carmine-red flowers, 3in (8cm)
across. Z13-15 H12-10.

E. eyriesii. See E. oxygona.

E. lageniformis, syn. E. bridgesii,
Trichocereus bridgesii, illus. p.489.

E. marsoneri, syn. Lobivia haageana, illus.
p.491.

E. multiplex. See E. oxygona.

E. oxygona, syn. E. eyriesii, E. multiplex,
Echinocactus eyriesii, illus. p.481.

E. pentlandii, syn. Lobivia pentlandii,
illus. p.491.

E. rhodotricha. Spherical to columnar,
perennial cactus. H 2ft (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
Produces branching, dark green stems,
372in (9cm) across, with 8-13 ribs. Curved,
dark spines, 3 /4in (2cm) long, later turn pale.
Has tubular, white to pink flowers in
spring-summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

E. spachiana, syn. Cereus spachianus,
Trichocereus spachianus, illus. p.492.

Echioides longiflorum. See Arnebia
pulchra.

E

569

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ECHIUM

ECHIUM

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and evergreen shrubs,
biennials and perennials, grown for their
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely in summer, moderately at other
times. Propagate by seed in spring or
by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly may sometimes be
troublesome. (D All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested; contact with
the foliage may irritate skin.

E. bourgaeanum. See E. wildpretii.

E. vulgare (Blueweed, Viper's bugloss)
(dwarf). Moderately fast-growing, erect,
bushy annual or biennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. Spikes of tubular flowers, in white,
pink, blue or purple, are borne in summer.
Z3-8H8-1.

E. wildpretii, syn. E. bourgaeanum.
Evergreen, erect, unbranched biennial that
dies after fruiting. H 8ft (2.5m) or more,

S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly lance-shaped, silver-
haired leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, form a dense
rosette. Has compact spires, 3—5ft (1-1.5m)
long, of small, funnel-shaped, red flowers
in late spring and early summer. Z9-10
H10-8.

EDGEWORTH IA

THYMELAEACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their flowers in late winter and early
spring. Is best grown against a south- or
west-facing wall where marginally hardy.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

E. chrysantha, syn. E. papyrifera, illus.

p.126.

E. papyrifera. See E. chrysantha.

EDRAIANTHUS

CAMPANULACEAE

570

Genus of short-lived perennials, some of
which are evergreen, usually growing from
central rootstocks. In winter, a small bud is
just visible from each rootstock. In spring,
prostrate stems radiate to carry leaves
and flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens,
screes and troughs. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings from sideshoots in early summer
or by seed in fall.

E. dalmaticus. Upright, then arching
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm).

Bears narrowly lance-shaped, pale green
leaves and, in early summer, terminal
clusters of bell-shaped, violet-blue flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across. Z8-9 H9-8.

E. pumilio , illus. p.368.

E. serpyllifolius, syn. Wahlenbergia
serpyllifolia, illus. p.367. 'Major' is an
evergreen, prostrate perennial. H Vfcin
(lcm), S to 2in (5cm). Has tight mats of
tiny, oval, dark green leaves. In early
summer, bell-shaped, deep violet flowers,
5 /8in (1.5cm) wide, are borne on very short
stems. Needs a sheltered site. Seldom sets
seed.

Edwardsia microphylla. See Sophora
microphylla.

EGERIA

HYDROCHARITACEAE/RESTIONACEAlT

Genus of semievergreen or evergreen,
perennial, floating or submerged water
plants, grown for their foliage. Is similar
to Elodea, but has more conspicuous
flowers, held above water surface.

Plants are useful for oxygenating water
in aquariums and provide a suitable
depository for fish spawn. Needs a sunny
position. Thin regularly to keep under
control. Some species are invasive if
allowed to escape cultivation. Propagate
by stem cuttings in spring or summer.

E. densa , syn. Anacharis densa, Elodea
densa. Semievergreen perennial,
spreading, submerged water plant, for
aquariums. S indefinite. Forms a mass of
small, lance-shaped, whorled, dark green
leaves borne on long, wiry stems. Small,
3-parted, white flowers are produced in
summer. E. densa is considered a noxious
weed in many regions of North America,
and should be restricted to aquarium
plantings. Z6-15 H12-6.

EHRETIA

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their foliage and star¬
shaped flowers. May suffer cold damage
when young. Requires sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

E. dicksonii , illus. p.88.

EICHHORNIA

PONTEDERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
perennial, floating and marginal water
plants. Needs an open, sunny position in
warm water. Considered a noxious weed
in the southern United States, it grows
prolifically and requires regular thinning
year-round. Propagate by detaching young
plants as required.

E. crassipes, syn. E. speciosa, illus. p.441.
E. speciosa. See E. crassipes.

ELAEAGNUS

ELAEAGNACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen
shrubs and trees, grown for their foliage
and small, usually fragrant flowers,
and ornamental fruits. Evergreens
make good shelter belts or hedging,
particularly in coastal areas. Most
evergreen species thrive in sun or
shade, but silver-leaved and deciduous
species prefer full sun. Requires fertile,
well-drained soil. Trim hedges in late
summer. Propagate by seed in fall,
evergreen forms also by semiripe
cuttings in summer, deciduous forms
by softwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer.

E. angustifolia, illus. p.116.

E. x ebbingei. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Has
oblong to oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
silvery beneath. Fragrant, bell-shaped,
silvery-white flowers are borne from
mid- to late fall. Z7-11 H12-7. 'Gilt
Edge' have golden-yellow margins.

Z7-10 H10-7. 'Limelight', illus. p.139.

E. macrophylla. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Broadly
oval leaves are silvery-gray when young,
becoming glossy and dark green above,
but remaining silvery-gray beneath,
when mature. Fragrant, bell-shaped,
creamy-yellow flowers, silvery outside,
are produced from mid- to late fall,
followed by egg-shaped, red fruits.

Z7-9 H9-7. 'Aureovariegata'. See E.
pungens 'Maculata'.

E. pungens 'Maculata', syn. E. pungens
'Aureovariegata', illus. p.119.

E. umbellata, illus. p.113.

ELAEOCARPUS

ELAEOCARPACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
their flowers and foliage. Requires full
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained but not dry soil. Water container
plants freely when in growth, less in
winter. Current season's growth may
be cut back in winter. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Red spider mite and whitefly
may cause problems.

E. cyaneus, syn. E. reticulatus
(Blueberry ash). Evergreen, rounded
shrub or tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Bears
elliptic to lance-shaped, toothed, lustrous
leaves and, in summer, bell-shaped,
fringed, white flowers, and globular, blue
fruits in fall. Z14-15 H12-10.

E. reticulatus. See E. cyaneus.

ELATOSTEMA

SYN. PET .1.TONI A

URTICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials
and subshrubs that make useful
groundcover. Requires humid conditions,
indirect light and moist soil. Propagate
from stem cuttings in spring or summer.

E. pule hr a, syn. E. repens var. pulchra.
Evergreen, slightly fleshy perennial
with rooting, creeping stems. H 3-4in
(8-10cm), S 2ft (60cm) or more. Broadly
oval leaves, 2in (5cm) long, are blackish-
green with dark green veins above,
purple below. Flowers are insignificant.
Z13-15 H12-10.

E. repens, syn. Pellionia daveauana,
Pellionia repens, illus. p.473. var. pulchra.
See E. pulchra.

ELEGIA

RESTIONACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

E. capensis, illus. p.285.

ELEOCHARIS

CYPERACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

E. acicularis (Needle spike-rush).
Evergreen, rhizomatous, perennial sedge.

H to 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Basal, mid¬
green leaves are very narrow. Hairless,
unbranched, square stems produce solitary,
tiny, brown spikelets in summer. Z9-11
H12-9.

ELEUTHEROCOCCUS

syn. ACANTHOPANAX
ARALIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and fruits. Produces
tiny, usually greenish-white flowers.

Prefers full sun and needs well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by root
cuttings in late winter.

E. sieboldianus, illus. p.138.

Elliottia paniculata. See Tripetaleia
paniculata.

Elodea crispa of gardens. See
Lagarosiphon major.

Elodea densa. See Egeria densa.

ELSHOLTZIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and deciduous
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Cut back old shoots hard in
early spring. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

E. stauntonii. Deciduous, open subshrub.
H and S 5in (1.5m). Sharply toothed, mint-
scented, dark green leaves turn red in fall.
Slender spires of pale purple blooms are
produced in late summer-fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

Elymus arenarius. See Leymus
arenarius.

EMBOTHRIUM

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen trees,
grown for their flowers. Provide shelter
from cold winds. Needs partial shade and
moist but well-drained, acidic soil. Propagate
by suckers in spring or fall or by seed in fall.
E. coccineum, illus. p.86.

EMILIA

syn. CACALIA
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials with
flowers that are good for cutting. Is
ideal for hot, dry areas and coastal soils.
Requires sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in
spring, or outdoors in late spring.

E. coccinea, syn. E. flammea, E. javanica,
illus. p.327.

E. flammea. See E. coccinea.

E. javanica of gardens. See E. coccinea.

EMMENOPTERYS

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
their foliage; flowers only appear in hot
summers. Even where reliably hardy,
young growths may be damaged by late
frosts. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

E. henryi, illus. p.75.

ENCEPHALARTOS

ZAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their palmlike leaves. Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Water container

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

plants moderately when in full growth, less
at other times. Propagate by seed in spring.
E. ferox, illus. p.457.

E. longifolius. Slow-growing, evergreen
tree, sometimes branched with age.

H 10ft (3m) or more, S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).
Has feather-shaped leaves, 2-5ft
(60cm-1.5m) long, divided into narrowly
lance-shaped to oval, blue-green leaflets,
usually with hook-tipped teeth. Conelike,
brown flower heads are produced
intermittently. Zll H12-10.

ENCYCLIA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

E. cochleata. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 12in (30cm).
Upright spikes of green flowers, 2in (5cm)
long, with dark purple lips at the top and
ribbon-like sepals and petals, are produced
in summer and, on mature plants,
intermittently throughout the year. Has
narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm) long.
Requires partial shade in summer. Z14-15
H12-10.

E. radiata. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H lOin
(25cm). Bears upright spikes of very
fragrant, rounded, creamy-white
flowers, Vzin (1cm) across, with red-
lined, white lips, in summer. Narrowly
oval leaves are 4-6in (10-15cm) long.
Z14-15 H12-10.

Endymion. See Hyacinthoides.

ENKIANTHUS

ERICACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
spring-flowering shrubs and trees, grown
for their mass of small, bell- or urn-shaped
flowers and their fall color. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

E. campanulatus, illus. p.lll.

E. cernuus f. rubens, illus. p.123.

E. perulatus, illus. p.120.

ENSETE

MUSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their foliage, which resembles that of
bananas, and fruits. Has false stems made
of overlapping leaf sheaths that die after
flowering. Needs sun or partial shade and
rich soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
by division year-round.

E. ventricosum, syn. Musa arnoldiana,
Musa ensete, illus. p.474.

EOMECON

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of perennial. Is
suitable for large rock gardens. Needs sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
runners in spring.

E. chionantha (Snow poppy). Vigorous,
spreading perennial. H to 16in (40cm),

S indefinite. Leaves are large, palmate
and gray. Erect stems bear long panicles
of small, poppy-like, white flowers in
summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

EPACRIS

ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs,
grown for their flowers. Needs full sun
and rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic
soil. Water container plants moderately
when in full growth, less at other times.

Cut back flowered stems after flowering to
maintain a neat habit. Propagate by seed in
spring or semiripe cuttings in late summer.
E. impressa, illus. p.455.

EPHEDRA

EPHEDRACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their habit and green shoots. Makes good
groundcover in dry soil. Grow male and
female plants together in order to obtain
fruits. Requires full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or by division
in fall or spring.

E. gerardiana. Evergreen, spreading
shrub with slender, erect, rushlike, green
shoots. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Leaves and
flowers are inconspicuous. Bears small,
spherical, red fruits. Z5-9 H9-5.

EPIDENDRUM

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

E. difforme. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 9in
(23cm). Large heads of semitranslucent,
green flowers, 1 Ain (0.5cm) across, are
produced in fall. Has oval, rigid leaves,
l-2in (2.5-5cm) long. Requires shade in
summer. Avoid spraying, which can cause
spotting of leaves. Propagate by division
in spring. Z14-15 H12-10.

E. ibaguense, syn. E. radicans. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6ft (2m) or more. Produces a succession
of feathery-lipped, deep red flowers, Vdn
(0.5cm) across. Leaves, l-2in (2.5-5cm)
long, are oval and rigid. Grow in partial
shade in summer. Propagate by tip cuttings
in spring. Z14 H12-6.

E. radicans. See E. ibaguense.

EPIGAEA

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, prostrate, spring¬
flowering subshrubs. Needs shade and
rich, moist, acidic soil. Most are difficult
to cultivate. Propagate by seed in spring
or by softwood cuttings in early summer.

E. asiatica. Evergreen, creeping
subshrub. H to 4in (10cm), S to 8in (20cm).
Stems and heart-shaped, deep green leaves
are covered with brown hairs. Bears
terminal clusters of 3-6 tiny, slightly
fragrant, urn-shaped, white or pink flowers
in spring. Z5-7 H7-5.

E. gaultherioides, syn. Orphanidesia
gaultherioides, illus. p.351.

E. repens (Mayflower, Trailing arbutus).
Evergreen, creeping subshrub. H 4in
(10cm), S 12in (30cm). Hairy stems, bearing
heart-shaped, leathery leaves, root at
intervals. In spring produces terminal
clusters of 4-6 cup-shaped, white flowers,
sometimes flushed pink. Is relatively easy
to grow. Z3-9 H9-1.

EPIPREMNUM

EPILOBIUM

syn. CHAMAENERION, CHAMERION
Willow herb

ONAGRACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials, semievergreen
and deciduous perennials and subshrubs,
grown for their deep pink to white flowers
in summer. Is useful on dry banks; many
species are invasive. Tolerates sun or shade
and prefers moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected
forms by softwood cuttings from
sideshoots in spring.

E. angustifolium f. album, illus. p.216.

E. californicum. See Zauschneria

californica.

E. canum. See Zauschneria californica
subsp. cana.

E. chlorifolium var. kaikourense.

Clump-forming, deciduous, woody-based
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has
persistent, oval, hairy, bronze and dark
green leaves. Produces short spikes of
funnel-shaped, white to pink flowers in
summer. Z4-6 H6-1.

E. glabellum of gardens, illus. p.360.

E. obcordatum. Clump-forming
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Oval
leaves are glossy green. Spikes of open
cup-shaped, deep rose-pink flowers are
borne in summer. Is good for a rock garden
or alpine house. Requires a sheltered
position and full sun. In cultivation may not
retain character, especially in mild climates.
Z5-8 H8-5.

E. septentrionale. See Zauschneria
septentrionalis.

Z4-8 H8-2. f. violaceum has young leaves
that are flushed bronze and produces
purple-and-white flowers.

E. x perralchicum. Evergreen, carpeting
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

Short spires of pendent, yellow flowers,
with short spurs, are borne in spring.

Leaves, divided into rounded to oval
leaflets, are dark green. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. perralderianum. Semievergreen,
carpeting perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in
(45cm). Clusters of small, pendent, short-
spurred, bright yellow flowers are borne
in spring. Has large, toothed, glossy,
deep green leaves, divided into rounded
to oval leaflets. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. pinnatum subsp. colchicum.
Evergreen, carpeting perennial. H and

S 12in (30cm). In spring, clusters of small,
pendent, bright yellow flowers, with
short spurs, are produced above dark
green leaves, hairy when young, divided
into oval leaflets. Z5-9 H9-4.

E. pubigerum. Evergreen, carpeting
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has heart-
shaped, divided, smooth, dense foliage and
clusters of cup-shaped, creamy-white or
pink flowers in spring. Z5-9 H9-4.

E. x rubrum, illus. p.260.

E. x versicolor. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 12in (30cm). Small, pendent clusters
of yellow flowers, with long, red-tinged
spurs, are produced in spring. Heart-
shaped, fresh green leaves are divided into
oval leaflets that are tinted reddish-purple.
Z5-9 H9-4. 'Neosulphureum', illus. p.262.

E. x warleyense, illus. p.263.

E. x youngianum 'Niveum', illus. p.254.

EPIMEDIUM

EPIPHYLLUM

E

Barrenwort

Orchid cactus

BERBERIDACEAE

CACTACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials.

Genus of perennial cacti with strap-shaped.

some of which are evergreen. Flowers

flattened, green stems that have notched

are cup-shaped with long or short spurs.

edges. Flowers are produced at notches.

Makes good groundcover. Fully hardy.

Needs sun or partial shade and rich, well-

Does best in partial shade and rich, moist

drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings in

but well-drained soil. Cut back just before

spring or summer.

new growth appears in spring. Propagate

E. ackermannii. See Disocactus

by division in spring or fall.

ackermanrui.

E. alpinum. Evergreen, clump-forming

E. anguliger, illus. p.494.

perennial. H 9in (23cm), S to 12in (30cm).

E. crenatum. Erect, then pendent.

Racemes of pendent, short-spurred

perennial cactus. H and S 10ft (3m). Has

flowers, with crimson sepals and yellow

a flattened stem. Bears lightly perfumed.

petals, are produced in spring. Has finely

funnel-shaped, broad-petaled, white

toothed, glossy leaves divided into oval.

flowers, 8in (20cm) across, in spring-

angled, mid-green leaflets, bronze when

summer. Is often used as a parent for

young. Z4-9 H9-4.

breeding. Z11-12 H12-1.

E. 'Amber Queen', illus. p.263.

E. laui, illus. p.482.

E. davidii. Vigorous, evergreen.

E. oxypetalum. Erect, then pendent.

groundcover perennial. H 12in (30cm),

perennial cactus. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm).

S 16in (40cm). Dainty, mid-green leaves

Produces freely branching, flattened stems.

are tinged bronze when young and divided

5in (12cm) across. In spring-summer bears

into rounded heart-shaped, toothed

nocturnal, tubular, white flowers, lOin

leaflets. Produces clusters of pendent, long-

(25cm) long. Makes a good house plant.

spurred, butter-yellow flowers in spring.

Zll-12 H12-1.

Z5-9 H9-4.

E. epsteinii, illus. p.260.

EPIPREMNUM

E. grandiflorum 'Crimson Beauty'

syn. POTHOS

Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in

(30cm). Racemes of pendent, long-spurred.

ARACEAE

copper-crimson flowers are produced in

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed.

spring at the same time as heart-shaped.

root climbers, including Pothos, grown

copper-marked, light green leaves, divided

for their foliage. Grow in light shade

into oval leaflets, which mature to mid-

away from direct sun; any well-drained.

green. 'Rose Queen' has wiry stems

moisture-retentive soil is suitable. Water

bearing clusters of cup-shaped, deep pink

regularly, less in cold weather. Stems

571

flowers with white-tipped spurs in spring.

need good supports. Remove shoot tips

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

EPISCIA

to induce branching at any time. Propagate
by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings in late
spring or by layering in summer. 0 All
parts may cause severe discomfort
if ingested, and contact with the sap
of E. aureum may irritate skin.

E. aureum 'Marble Queen', syn.
Scindapsus aureus 'Marble Queen',
illus. p.460.

E. pictum 'Argyraeum'. See Scindapsus
pictus 'Argyraeus'.

EPISCIA

Flame violet

GESNERIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, low-growing and
creeping perennials, grown for their
ornamental leaves and colorful flowers.

Is useful as groundcover or in hanging
baskets. Requires high humidity, a shaded
site and rich, well-drained soil. Keep well
watered, but avoid waterlogging.
Propagate in summer by stem cuttings,
division or removing rooted runners.

E. cupreata, illus. p.471. 'MetaUica' is
an evergreen, creeping perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, downy,
wrinkled leaves, tinged pink to copper
and with broad, silvery bands along
midribs. Funnel-shaped, orange-red
flowers, marked yellow within, are borne
intermittently. Z14-15 H9-1. 'Tropical
Topaz' has yellow flowers.

E. dianthiflora, syn. Alsobia dianthiflora,
illus. p.465.

E. lilacina. Evergreen, low-growing
perennial, with runners bearing plantlets.

H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, hairy,
E pale green leaves, to 3in (8cm) long.

Funnel-shaped, white flowers, tinged
mauve and with yellow eyes, are produced
in small clusters from fall to spring. Zll-12
HI2-1. Leaves of 'Cuprea'are bronze-
tinged.

EPITHELANTHA

CACTACEAE

Genus of very slow-growing, spherical,
perennial cacti densely covered with very
short spines. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil; prone to rotting if
overwatered. Propagate by grafting, seed
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

E. micromeris, illus. p.493.

ERAGROSTIS

Love grass

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

E. curvula 'Totnes Burgundy', illus.
p.285.

ERANTHEMUM

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of perennials and evergreen shrubs,
grown for their flowers. Requires full light
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.

In spring or after flowering, remove at
least half of each spent flowering stem to
encourage a bushier habit. Propagate by
572 softwood cuttings in late spring. Whitefly
_ may be a nuisance.

E. atropurpureum. See

Pseuderanthemum atropurpureum.

E. nervosum. See E. pulchellum.

E. pulchellum, syn. E. nervosum.
Evergreen, erect shrub. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),
S 2ft (60cm) or more. Produces elliptic to
oval, prominently veined, deep green
leaves. Blue flowers, each with a tube
lVdn (3cm) long and rounded petal lobes,
are produced in winter-spring. Z13-15
H12-10.

ERANTHIS

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming perennials, with
knobby tubers, grown for their cup-shaped
flowers surrounded by leaflike ruffs of
bracts. Prefers partial shade and rich soil,
well-drained but not drying out excessively.
Dies down in summer. Propagate by seed
in fall or by division of clumps immediately
after flowering while still in leaf. 0 All
parts may cause mild stomach upset if
ingested, and contact with the sap may
irritate skin.

E. hyemalis, illus. p.429.

E. x tubergenii 'Guinea Gold'. Late
winter- or early spring-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S lV2-272in
(4-6cm). Stems each bear a stalkless, deep
golden-yellow flower, 174-1 Vain (3-4cm)
across, surrounded by a bronze-green
bract, cut into narrow lobes. Rounded
leaves are divided into finger-shaped lobes.
Z4-9 H9-1.

ERCILLA

syn. BRIDGESIA

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Genus of evergreen, root climbers, grown
for their neat, green leaves and green and
purple flower spikes. Needs sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Prune after
flowering, if required. Propagate by stem
cuttings in late summer or fall.

E. spicata. See E. volubilis.

E. volubilis, syn. E. spicata, illus. p.192.

EREMURUS

Desert candle. Foxtail lily
LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE

Genus of perennials, with fleshy, finger-like
roots, grown for their stately spires of
shallowly cup-shaped flowers in summer.
Requires a sunny, warm position and well-
drained soil. Tends to come into growth
very early, and young shoots may be
frosted. Provide a covering of dry bracken
in late winter to protect the crowns when
shoots are first developing. Stake tall
species and hybrids. Propagate by division
in spring or early fall or by seed in fall.

E. himalaicus. Upright perennial. H 6-8ft
(2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm). Has strap-shaped,
bright green basal leaves. In early summer,
tall stems bear dense racemes of open cup¬
shaped, pure white flowers, with long
stamens. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. x isabellinus 'Cleopatra', illus. p.220.
E. robustus, illus. p.216.

E. Shelford Hybrids. Perennials of
varying habit and flower color. H 5ft (1.5m),
S 2ft (60cm). Long racemes of orange, buff,
pink or white flowers are borne freely in
mid-summer. Leaves are strap-shaped,
in basal rosettes. Z6-9 H9-4.

E. spectabilis. Erect perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears long racemes of
pale yellow flowers, with brick-red anthers,
in early summer. Leaves are strap-shaped,
in basal rosettes. Z7-9 H9-7.

ERIA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

E. coronaria, syn. Trichosma suavis.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Sprays of
fragrant, rounded, creamy-white flowers.
Van (1cm) across, with red- and yellow-
marked lips, are produced in fall. Has
broadly oval, glossy leaves, 4in (10cm) long.
Needs partial shade in summer and moist
compost year-round. Z6-8 H8-6.

ERICA

Heath

ERICACEAE

See also HEATHERS.

E. arborea (Tree heath). Evergreen,
upright, shrublike tree heather. H 20ft (6m),
S 5ft (1.5m). Liable to damage from frost
and cold winds. Has needlelike, bright
green leaves in whorls of 3 or 4 and bears
scented, bell-shaped, white flowers from
late winter to late spring. May tolerate
slightly alkaline soil. Z9-10 H10-9.

'Albert's Gold', H 6ft (2m), retains its
golden foliage year-round, var. alpina
(illus. p.166) has vivid green foliage and
compact racemes of white flowers. May
be pruned hard to keep its shape and to
encourage new growth.

E. australis (Spanish heath, Spanish tree
heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather.

H to 7ft (2.2m), S 3ft (lm). Stems may be
damaged by snow and frost. Has needlelike
leaves in whorls of 4 and tubular to bell¬
shaped, white or purplish-pink flowers in
spring. May tolerate slightly alkaline soil.
Z9-10 H10-9. f. albiflora 'Mr. Robert'
has white flowers. 'Riverslea' has bright
purple-pink flowers, mostly in clusters of 4.
E. canaliculata (Channeled heath).
Evergreen, erect shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft
(lm). Produces whorls of 3 dark green
narrow, needlelike leaves. Cup-shaped,
pearl-white flowers, sometimes rose-tinted,
with dark brown, almost black anthers, are
borne in winter (in a greenhouse) or early
spring (in the open). Requires acidic soil.
Z9-10 H10-9.

E. carnea, syn. E. herbacea (Alpine heath.
Winter heath). Evergreen, spreading shrub.
H to 12in (30cm), S to 18in (45cm) or more.
Produces whorls of needlelike, mid- to dark
green leaves and bears tubular to bell¬
shaped flowers that are in shades of pink
and red, occasionally white, from early
winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone
and some shade. Makes good groundcover.
Z5-7 H7-5. 'Altadena' has golden foliage
and pale pink flowers. 'Ann Sparkes'
(illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), has golden
foliage, turning to bronze in winter, and
rose-pink flowers. 'Bell's Extra Special',
H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm), has a neat
habit, with crimson flowers borne on
whiskey-colored foliage, flecked with tints
of orange and gold. 'Cecilia M. Beale',

H 6in (15cm), bears an abundance of white
flowers from mid-winter to early spring.
'Challenger' (illus. p.166) has magenta

flowers, with deep pink sepals, set against
dark green leaves. 'December Red' has
a spreading habit, vigorous growth and
deep rose-pink flowers borne in winter.
'Foxhollow', a vigorous, spreading
cultivar, has foliage that is golden-yellow
in summer, with orange tips in spring, and
a few pale pink flowers. 'Golden Starlet'
(illus. p.166), H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
bears white flowers set on lime-green
foliage that turns a glowing yellow in
summer. 'Ice Princess', H 6in (15cm),

S 14in (35cm), has white flowers held erect
on bright green foliage. 'Isabell', H 6in
(15cm), S 14in (35cm), has large, white
flowers on bright green foliage, and an
erect but spreading habit. 'King George',
H 8in (20cm), has dark green foliage and
deep rose-pink flowers from early winter
to mid-spring. 'Loughrigg', H 6in (15cm),
produces dark purplish-red flowers from
late winter to spring. 'March Seedling'
has a spreading habit, dark green foliage
and rich, rose-purple flowers. 'Myretoun
Ruby', H 8in (20cm), is vigorous but
compact with brilliant deep purple-red
flowers in late winter and early spring.
'Nathalie', H 6in (15cm), S 16in (40cm),
the deepest and brightest of the E. carnea
cultivars, has purple flowers, neat, dark
green foliage and a compact, upright habit.
'Pink Spangles', H 6in (15cm), is vigorous
with flowers that have shell-pink sepals and
deeper pink corollas. 'Pirbright Rose' is
very floriferous with bright pink flowers
from early winter to early spring. 'R.B.
Cooke', H 8in (20cm), bears clear pink
flowers from early winter to early spring.
'Rosalie', H 6in (15cm), S Min (35cm), has
bright pink flowers, bronze-green foliage
and a low, upright but spreading habit.
'Springwood White' (illus. p.166), H 6in
(15cm), the most vigorous white cultivar, is
excellent as groundcover and bears large,
white flowers, with brown anthers, from
late winter to spring. 'Vivellii', H 6in
(15cm), has dark bronze-green foliage and
deep purple-pink flowers from late winter
to spring. 'Westwood Yellow' is compact
with golden-yellow foliage and deep pink
flowers. 'Wintersonne', H 6in (15cm),

S Min (35cm), has magenta flowers and
red-brown foliage.

E. ciliaris (Dorset heath). Evergreen, loose
shrub. H to 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). May
be damaged in severe weather. Has
needlelike, dark green leaves in whorls of 3.
Bears long racemes of bell-shaped, bright
pink flowers in tiers of 3 or 4 in summer.
Requires acidic soil and prefers warm, moist
conditions. Z8-9 H9-8. 'Aurea' has
somewhat straggly growth with golden
foliage and clear pink flowers. 'Corfe
Castle' (illus. p.166) produces salmon-pink
flowers from summer to early fall. 'David
McClintock' (illus. p.166) has light gray-
green foliage and bears white flowers, with
deep pink tips, from summer to early fall.
'Mrs. C.H. Gill' has dark gray-green
foliage and clear red flowers. 'White
Wings', a sport of'Mrs. C.H. Gill', has dark
gray-green foliage and white flowers.

E. cinerea (Bell heather). Evergreen,
compact shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 18-24in (45-
60cm). Has needlelike, mid- to deep green
leaves and bears bell-shaped flowers that are
in shades of pink and dark red, occasionally
white, from early summer to early fall.

Prefers a warm, dry position. Requires acidic

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

soil. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Atropurpurea' has deep
purple flowers in long racemes. 'C.D.
Eason' (illus. p.166) has dark green foliage
and bright red flowers. 'Cevennes' is
upright in habit and bears a profusion of
mauve flowers. 'C.G. Best' has mid-green
foliage and rose-pink flowers. 'Domino'
produces white flowers that contrast with
dark brown stems and sepals and almost
black stigmas. 'Eden Valley' (illus. p.166),
H 8in (20cm), bears white flowers with
lavender-mauve tips. 'Fiddler's Gold',

H lOin (25cm), has golden-yellow foliage,
deepening to red in winter, and lilac-pink
flowers. 'Golden Hue', H 14in (35cm), has
amethyst flowers set on pale yellow foliage,
tipped orange in winter. 'Hookstone
White', H 14in (35cm), has bright green
foliage and bears long racemes of large,
white flowers. 'Lime Soda', H 14in (35cm),
bears soft lavender flowers in profusion on
lime-green foliage. 'Pentreath' has rich
purple flowers. 'Pink Ice', H 8in (20cm), is
compact with soft pink flowers. 'P.S.
Patrick' is a vigorous cultivar with purple
flowers and dark green foliage. 'Purple
Beauty' has purple flowers and dark
foliage. 'Stephen Davis', H lOin (25cm),
has brilliant, almost fluorescent, red
flowers. 'Velvet Night', H lOin (25cm),
produces very dark purple, almost black
flowers. 'Windlebrooke', H lOin (25cm),
is vigorous, with golden foliage, turning
bright orange-red in winter, and mauve
flowers.

E. x darleyensis. Evergreen, bushy
shrub. H 18in (45cm), S 3ft (lm) or more.
Has needlelike, mid-green foliage, with
cream, pink or red, young growth in late
spring. Bell-shaped, white, pink or purple
flowers are borne in racemes from early
winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone.
Z7-8 H8-7. 'Archie Graham', H 20in
(50cm), is vigorous with mauve-pink
flowers. 'Arthur Johnson' (illus. p.166),

H 3ft (lm), has young foliage with cream
and pink tips in spring and long racemes
of mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter
to spring. 'Darley Dale' bears pale
mauve flowers from mid-winter to spring.
'Furzey' (illus. p.166) has a compact,
vigorous habit and bears deep pink
flowers and dark green leaves. 'George
Kendall' produces deep pink flowers
from early winter to early spring. 'Ghost
Hills' has cream-tipped foliage in spring
and a profusion of pink flowers from mid¬
winter to spring. 'Jack H. Brummage',

H 12in (30cm), has golden foliage, with
yellow and orange tints, and mauve
flowers. 'J.W. Porter', H 12in (30cm),
has reddish young shoots in spring and
mauve-pink flowers from mid-winter to
late spring. 'Kramer's Red'. See E. x
darleyensis 'Kramer's Rote'. 'Kramer's
Rote', syn. E. x darleyensis 'Kramer's Red'
has dark bronze-green foliage with deep
purple-red flowers from late fall to late
spring. Spring foliage does not have
cream or red tips. 'Molten Silver'.

See E. x darleyensis 'Silberschmelze'.
'Silberschmelze', syn. E. x darleyensis
'Molten Silver' is vigorous and produces
young shoots with creamy-pink tips in
spring and white flowers. 'White Glow',

H 12in (30cm), bears white flowers. 'White
Perfection' (illus. p.166) has bright green
foliage and white flowers.

E. erigena, syn. E. hibernica ,

E. mediterranea. Evergreen, upright shrub.
H to 8ft (2.5m), S to 3ft (lm). Top growth
may be damaged in severe weather, but
plant recovers well from the base. Has
needlelike, mid-green leaves and, usually,
bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers from early
winter to late spring. Tolerates limestone.
Flowers of some cultivars have a
pronounced scent of honey. Z8-9 H9-8.
f. alba 'Brian Proudley' (illus. p.166),

H 36in (90cm), S 16in (40cm), is a vigorous,
erect cultivar with bright green leaves and
long racemes of white flowers borne from
late fall to mid-spring. 'Brightness',

H 18in (45cm), has bronze-green foliage
and mauve-pink flowers in spring. 'Golden
Lady', H 12in (30cm), has a neat, compact
habit with year-round, golden foliage and
white flowers in late spring. 'Irish Dusk'
(illus. p.166), H 45cm (18in), has dark green
foliage and salmon-pink flowers from mid¬
winter to early spring. 'Superba', H 6ft
(2m), bears strongly scented, rose-pink
flowers in spring. 'W.T. RacklifT, H 2ft
(60cm), has dark green foliage and
produces thick clusters of white flowers
from late winter to late spring.

E. gracilis. Evergreen, compact shrub.

H and S to 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid¬
green leaves and clusters of small, bell¬
shaped, cerise flowers from early fall to
early spring. Is usually grown as a container
plant; may be planted outdoors in summer
in a sheltered site. Z10-11 H12-10.

E. herbacea. See E. camea.

E. hibernica. See E. erigena.

E. x hiemalis. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 12in (30cm). Has needlelike, mid¬
green foliage and racemes of tubular to
bell-shaped, pink-tinged, white flowers
from late fall to mid-winter. Z7-8 H8-7.

E. lusitanica (Portuguese heath).
Evergreen, upright, bushy tree heather.

H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has feathery,
bright green leaves and, from late fall to
late spring, bears tubular to bell-shaped
flowers that are pink in bud but pure white
when fully open. Z8-10 H10-8. 'George
Hunt' has golden foliage; needs a
sheltered position.

E. mackaiana. See E. mackayana.

E. mackayana, syn. E. mackaiana
(Mackay's heath). Evergreen, spreading
shrub. H to lOin (25cm), S 16in (40cm).

Has needlelike, mid-green leaves and bears
umbels of rounded, pink, mauve-pink or
white flowers from mid-summer to early
fall. Likes damp, acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

'Dr Ronald Gray', H 6in (15cm), has
dark green foliage and pure white flowers.
'Plena', H 6in (15cm), has double, deep-
pink flowers, shading to white in centers.

E. mediterranea. See E. erigena.

E. pageana. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has needlelike,
mid-green leaves and, from late spring to
early summer, bell-shaped, rich yellow
flowers. Z10 H12-10.

E. perspicua (Prince of Wales heath).
Variable, evergreen shrub. H to 6ft (2m),

S 3ft (lm). Has overlapping, needlelike,
gray-green leaves and, mainly from early
fall to winter, tubular flowers in white,
pink-and-white, red-and-white, purple-
and-white or red. Needs damp soil.

E. x praegeri. See E. x stuartii.

E. scoparia (Besom heath). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H to 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has
needlelike, dark green leaves. Clusters of

rounded, bell-shaped, greenish-brown
flowers are produced in late spring and
early summer. Requires acidic soil. Z8-9
H9-8. 'Minima', H 12in (30cm), has bright
green foliage.

E. spiculifolia, syn. Bruckenthalia
spiculifolia (Spike heath). Evergreen,
heather-like shrub. H and S 6in (15cm).
Needlelike, glossy, dark green leaves clothe
stiff stems. Terminal clusters of tiny, pink
flowers are borne in summer. Z5-7 H7-5.

E. stricta. See E. terminalis.

E. x stuartii, syn. E. x praegeri. Evergreen,
compact shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Has needlelike, dark green leaves.
Numerous umbels of bell-shaped, pink
flowers are produced in late spring and
summer. Prefers moist, acidic soil. Z5-7
H7-5. 'Irish Lemon' produces young
foliage with lemon-yellow tips in spring
and bright pink flowers. 'Irish Orange'
has orange-tipped young foliage and dark
pink flowers.

E. terminalis, syn. E. stricta (Corsican
heath). Evergreen, shrublike tree heather
with stiff, upright growth. H and S to 8ft
(2.5m). Has needlelike, mid-green foliage.
Bell-shaped, mauve-pink flowers, borne
from early summer to early fall, turn russet
as they fade in winter. Tolerates limestone.
Z5-7 H7-5.

E. tetralix (Cross-leaved heath).
Evergreen, spreading shrub. H to 12in
(30cm), S 18in (45cm). Has needlelike, gray-
green leaves in whorls of 4. Umbels of bell¬
shaped, pink flowers are produced from
summer to early fall. Requires acidic,
preferably moist soil. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Alba
Mollis' has silver-gray foliage and bears
white flowers from early summer to late
fall. 'Con Underwood' has dark red
flowers. 'Hookstone Pink' has silver-gray
foliage and bears rose-pink flowers from
late spring to early fall. f. stellata 'Pink
Star' produces pink flowers held upright
in a starlike pattern.

E. umbellata. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 2ft (60cm). Has needlelike, mid¬
green foliage and bell-shaped, mauve
flowers, with chocolate-brown anthers,
in late spring.

E. vagans (Cornish heath). Vigorous,
evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 30in
(75cm). Leaves are needlelike and mid¬
green. Rounded, bell-shaped, pink, mauve
or white flowers are borne from mid¬
summer to late fall. Tolerates some
limestone. Responds well to hard pruning.
Z5-7 H7-5. f. aureifolia 'Valerie
Proudley', H 18in (45cm), has golden
evergreen foliage when grown in full light,
and bears sparse white flowers in late
summer and fall. 'Birch Glow' (illus.
p.166), H 18in (45cm), has bright green
foliage and glowing rose-pink flowers.
'Lyonesse', H 18in (45cm), has dark green
foliage and long, tapering spikes of white
flowers with brown anthers. 'Mrs. D.F.
Maxwell' (illus. p.166), H 18in (45cm), has
dark green foliage and glowing deep pink
flowers. 'St. Keverne' (illus. p.166), H 18in
(45cm), is a neat, bushy shrub with rose-
pink flowers; may be used for a low hedge.
E. x veitchii. Evergreen, bushy, shrublike
tree heather. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Has
needlelike, mid-green leaves. Scented,
tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers are
produced in dense clusters from mid¬
winter to spring. Z8-9 H9-8. 'Exeter'

ERIGERON

has a profusion of white flowers, almost
obscuring the foliage. 'Gold Tips' is
similar to 'Exeter', but young foliage has
golden tips in spring. 'Pink Joy' has pink
flower buds that open to clear white.

E. verticillata. Evergreen, erect shrub.

H to 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has an unusual
arrangement of flowers tightly packed in
whorls at intervals along an otherwise
almost bare stem. Tubular, pale mauve-pink
flowers. Vain (1.5cm) long, are produced
intermittently throughout the year.

E. x watsonii. Evergreen, compact shrub.
H 12in (30cm), S 15in (38cm). Needlelike,
mid-green leaves often have bright-colored
tips in spring. Bears rounded, bell-shaped,
pink flowers from mid- to late summer.

Z5-7 H7-5. 'Cherry Turpin' has long
racemes of pale pink flowers from mid¬
summer to mid-fall. 'Dawn' produces
young foliage with orange-yellow tips and
bears deep mauve-pink flowers in compact
clusters all summer.

E. x williamsii. Evergreen, spreading
shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
needlelike, dark green leaves, with bright
yellow tips when young in spring. Bears
bell-shaped, mauve or pink flowers in mid¬
summer. Prefers acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.
'Gwavas' has pale pink flowers on a neat,
compact plant from mid-summer to fall.
'P.D. Williams', H 18in (45cm), has dark
mauve-pink flowers; sometimes keeps its
golden foliage tips all summer.

ERIGERON

Fleabane

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of mainly spring- and summer¬
flowering annuals, biennials and
perennials, grown for their daisylike flower
heads. Is good for rock gardens or
herbaceous borders. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil but should not be allowed to
dry out during growing season. Resents
winter damp. Propagate by division in
spring or early fall or by seed in fall,
selected forms by softwood cuttings in
early summer.

E. alpinus , illus. p.340.

E. aurantiacus. Clump-forming
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has long, oval, gray-green leaves and
produces daisylike, brilliant orange flower
heads in summer. Propagate by seed or
division in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. aureus. Short-lived, clump-forming
perennial. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 6in (15cm).
Bears small, spoon-shaped to oval, hairy
leaves. Slender stems each bear a relatively
large, daisylike, golden-yellow flower head
in summer. Dislikes winter wet with no
snow cover. Is excellent for a scree, trough
or alpine house; is prone to aphid attack.
Z5-8 H8-5. 'Canary Bird', H to 4in
(10cm), is longer lived, and bears bright
canary-yellow flower heads.

E. 'Charity', illus. p.264.

E. 'Darkest of AH'. See E. 'Dunkelste
Aller'.

E. 'Dunkelste Aller', syn. E. 'Darkest of
All', illus. p.240.

E. 'Foersters Liebling'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). In
summer, daisylike, semidouble, pink flower
heads, with yellow centers, are borne
above narrowly oval, grayish-green leaves.
Z5-8 H8-5.

E

573

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ERINACEA

E. glaucus 'Elstead Pink'. Tufted
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
Daisylike, dark lilac-pink flower heads
are produced throughout summer above
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. karvinskianus, syn. E. mucronatus,
illus. p.363.

E. mucronatus. See E. karvinskianus.

E. 'Quakeress'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).
Produces a mass of daisylike, delicate lilac-
pink flower heads, with yellow centers, in
summer. Narrowly oval leaves are grayish-
green. Z5-8 H8-5.

E. 'Serenity'. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S to 24in (60cm). Daisylike, violet-
mauve flower heads, with yellow centers,
are borne from early to mid-summer. Z5-8
H8-5.

ERINACEA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of one species of slow-growing,
evergreen subshrub, grown for its hard,
sharp, blue-green spines and pealike
flowers. In spring, produces short-lived,
soft leaves. Needs a sheltered position with
full sun and deep, gritty, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed when available or by
softwood cuttings in late spring or summer.
E. anthyllis , syn. E. pungens, illus. p.334.
E. pungens. See E. anthyllis.

ERINUS

Fairy foxglove

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of short-lived, semievergreen
perennials, suitable for rock gardens, walls
and troughs. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall (but
seedlings will vary considerably), selected
forms by softwood cuttings in early
summer. Self-seeds freely.

E. alpinus, illus. p.352. 'Dr. Haenele'.
See E. alpinus 'Dr. Hahnle'. 'Dr. Hahnle',
syn. E. alpinus 'Dr. Haenele' is a
semievergreen, basal-rosetted perennial.

H and S 2-3in (5-8cm). Small, flat, 2-lipped,
deep pink flowers are produced in late
spring and summer. Leaves are small, oval
and mid-green.

ERIOBOTRYA

Loquat

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, fall-flowering trees
and shrubs, grown for their foliage, flowers
and edible fruits. Where marginally hardy,
it is best grown against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Fruits, which ripen in spring,
may be damaged by hard, winter frosts.
Requires sunny, fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

E. japonica, illus. p.194.

ERIOGONUM

St. Catherine's lace , Wild buckwheat

POLYGONACEAE

574

Genus of annuals, biennials and evergreen
perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown
for their rosetted, hairy, often silver or
white leaves. Needs full sun and well-
drained, even poor soil. In cool, wet-winter
areas, protect shrubby species and hairy-
leaved perennials. Water container plants

moderately in summer, less in spring and
fall, very little in winter. Remove flower
heads after flowering unless seed is
required. Propagate by seed in spring or
fall or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Divide perennial root clumps in spring.

E. arborescens, illus. p.453.

E. crocatum. Evergreen, subshrubby
perennial. H to 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm).
Oval, hairy leaves have woolly, white
undersides. Heads of minute, sulfur-yellow
flowers are borne in summer. Is a good
alpine house plant. Z9-10 H10.

E. giganteum (St. Catherine's lace).
Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Has oblong to oval, gray leaves,
white-downy beneath. In summer, small,
white flowers are produced in branching
clusters to 12in (30cm) long. Zll-15
HI 2-10.

E. ovalifolium. Evergreen, domed
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm). In
summer bears tiny, bright yellow flowers
in umbels above branched stems. Has tiny,
spoon-shaped, hairy, gray leaves. Is
excellent for an alpine house. Z4-8 H8-1.

E. umbellatum , illus. p.344.

ERIOPHYLLUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
and evergreen subshrubs, grown for their
silvery foliage and daisylike flowers. Is
suitable for rock gardens and front of
borders. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall.

E. lanatum , syn. Bahia lanata , illus. p.276.

ERIOSYCE

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti, grown for their egg-shaped, red,
brown or green seed pods, which are
similar to those of Wigginsia. Requires full
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or summer.

E. chilensis , syn. Echinocactus chilensis,
Neoporteria chilensis. Spherical, then
columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm),

S 4in (10cm). Pale green stem has a dense
covering of sturdy, golden spines. Crown
bears flattish, pink-orange or white
flowers, to 2in (5cm) across, in summer.
Z9-11 HI 1-8.

E. kunzei , syn. Neoporteria nidus.
Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.

H 4in (10cm), S 3in (8cm). Long, soft, gray
spines completely encircle dark greenish-
brown stem. In spring or fall produces
tubular, pink to cerise flowers, 174-2in
(3-5cm) long, with paler bases; they open
only at the tips. Z9-11 HI 1-8.

E. napina , syn. Neoporteria mitis,
Neochilenia mitis, Neoporteria napina, illus.
p.485.

E. subgibbosa, syn. Neoporteria litoralis,
Neoporteria subgibbosa. Spherical to
columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in (30cm),

S 4in (10cm). Light green to dark gray-
green stem bears large, woolly areoles and
sturdy, amber spines. In late summer bears
flattish, carmine-pink flowers, lVrin (4cm)
across. Z9-11 Hll-8.

E. villosa, syn. Neoporteria villosa, illus.
p.490.

ERITRICHIUM

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of short-lived perennials, grown for
their soft, gray-green leaves and forget-me-
not-like flowers. Is suitable for rock
gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun and
well-drained, peaty, sandy soil with a deep
collar of grit; dislikes damp conditions. Is
extremely difficult to grow. Propagate by
seed when available or by softwood
cuttings in summer.

E. elongatum. Tuft-forming perennial.

H 3 Ain (2cm), S lVun (3cm). Leaves are oval,
hairy and gray-green. Short flower stems
each bear small, rounded, flattish, blue
flowers in early summer. Z5-7 H7-5.

E. nanum, illus. p.370.

ERODIUM

GERANIACEAE

Genus of mound-forming perennials,
suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed when
available.

E. chamaedryoides. See E. reichardii.

E. cheilanthifolium, syn. E. petraeum
subsp. crispum, illus. p.341.

E. chrysanthum, illus. p.343.

E. corsicum, illus. p.362.

E. foetidum , syn. E. petraeum. Compact,
mound-forming perennial. H 6-8in
(15-20cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces saucer¬
shaped, single, red-veined, pink flowers in
summer. Oval, gray leaves have deeply cut
edges. Z6-8 H8-6.

E. manescaui, syn. E. manescavii, illus.
p.265.

E. manescavii. See E. manescaui.

E. petraeum. SeeE. foetidum.

E. petraeum subsp. crispum. See

E. cheilanthifolium.

E. reichardii, syn. E. chamaedryoides
(Cranesbill). Mound-forming perennial.

H lin (2.5cm), S 2V2-3in (6-8cm). In
summer, saucer-shaped, single flowers,
either white or pink with darker veins, are
borne above tiny, oaklike leaves. Is good
for a rock garden or trough. Z8-9 H9-8.

E. x variabile 'Flore Pleno' Variable,
cushion-forming or spreading perennial.

H 4in (10cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval to
narrowly oval, dark to gray-green leaves
with scalloped edges and long stalks. From
spring to fall, flower stems each bear 1 or 2
rounded, double, pink flowers with darker
veins; outer petals are rounded, inner
petals narrower. 'Ken Aslet' has single,
deep pink flowers.

Erpetion reniforme. See Viola
hederacea.

ERYNGIUM

Sea holly

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of biennials and perennials, some
of which are evergreen, grown for their
flowers, foliage and habit. Needs sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate species
by seed in fall, selected forms by division
in spring or root cuttings in winter.

E. agavifoiium, syn. E. bromeliifolium.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Forms rosettes of
sword-shaped, sharply toothed, rich green

leaves. Thistle-like, greenish-white flower
heads are produced on branched stems in
summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

E. alpinum, illus. p.240.

E. amethystinum. Rosette-forming
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Oval,
mid-green leaves are divided and spiny.

In summer bears branched stems of small,
thistle-like, blue flowers surrounded by
spiky, darker blue bracts. Z3-8 H8-1.

E. bourgatii, illus. p.270.

E. bromeliifolium of gardens. See
E. agavifoiium.

E. eburneum, syn. E. paniculatum.
Evergreen perennial. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Has spiny, linear, mid-green leaves.
Bears heads of thistle-like, green flowers
with white stamens on branched arching
stems in late summer. Z9-11 H12-10.

E. giganteum. Clump-forming biennial
or short-lived perennial that dies after
flowering. H 3-4ft (l-1.2m), S 2Vzft (75cm).
Heart-shaped, basal leaves are mid-green.
Has large, rounded heads of thistle-like,
blue flowers, surrounded by spiny, silvery
bracts, in late summer. Z4-9 HI 1-1.

E. x oliverianum, illus. p.241.

E. pandanifolium. Clump-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft
(1.5m). Has narrowly sword-shaped,
arching, slightly toothed, pale green basal
leaves. Bears towering umbels of small,
thistle-like, greenish-purple flower heads in
summer. Z9-10 H12-9.

E. paniculatum. SeeE. eburneum.

E. x tripartitum, illus. p.250.

E. variifolium, illus. p.271.

E. x zabelii 'Violetta'. Upright perennial.
H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded,
divided, mid-green leaves. Loose heads of
thistle-like, deep violet flowers, surrounded
by narrow, spiny, silvery-blue bracts, are
produced in late summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

ERYSIMUM

Wallflower

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen or
semievergreen, short-lived perennials and
subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Is
closely related to Cheiranthus and is
suitable for borders, banks and rock
gardens. Requires sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or fall
or by softwood cuttings in summer.

E. x allionii, syn. E. x marshallii (Siberian
wallflower). 'Orange Redder', illus.
p.324.

E. 'Bowles's Mauve', syn. E. 'E.A.
Bowles', Cheiranthus 'Bowles' Mauve',
illus. p.261.

E. 'Bredon', syn. Cheiranthus 'Bredon',
illus. p.336.

E. cheiri, syn. Cheiranthus cheiri (English
wallflower). Evergreen, bushy perennial,
grown as a biennial. H 10-32in (25-80cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-
to deep green leaves. Heads of fragrant,
4-petaled flowers in red, yellow, bronze,
white and orange, are borne in spring. Z3-7
H7-1. Redder Series is dwarf and has
golden-yellow, primrose-yellow, orange or
scarlet-red flowers. Fair Lady Series
produces flowers in pale pink, yellow and
creamy white, with some reds. 'Fire King',
illus. p.326. Flowers of 'Ivory White' are
creamy white. Treasure Series 'Treasure
Red' has red flowers.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

E. 'E.A. Bowles'. See E. 'Bowles's Mauve'.
E. helveticum, syn. E. pumilum, illus.
p.358.

E. x kewense 'Harpur Crewe', syn.
Cheiranthus cheiri 'Harpur Crewe', illus.
p.336.

E. linifolium. Short-lived, semievergreen,
open, dome-shaped subshrub. H to 12in
(30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Leaves are
narrowly lance-shaped and blue-gray.

Tight heads of small, 4-petaled, pale violet
flowers are produced in early summer.

Z7-9 H9-7.

E. x marshallii. See E. x allionii.

E. 'Moonlight', syn. Cheiranthus
'Moonlight', illus. p.335.

E. pumilum. See E. helveticum.

ERYTHRINA

Coral tree

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
trees, shrubs and perennials, grown for
their flowers. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. Water container plants
moderately, very little in winter or when
leafless. Propagate by seed in spring or
semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
mite may be a problem.

E. americana. See E. coralloides.

E. x bidwillii , illus. p.136.

E. coralloides, syn. E. americana (Flame
coral tree. Naked coral tree). Deciduous,
untidily rounded shrub or tree with
somewhat prickly stems. H and S 10-20ft
(3-6m). Has leaves of 3 triangular leaflets,
the largest central one 4V2in (11cm) long.
Racemes of pealike, red flowers are borne
on leafless stems in early spring and
summer. Z9-11 H12-1.

E. crista-galli , illus. p.137.

ERYTHRONIUM

LILIACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous
perennials, grown for their pendent
flowers and, in some cases, mottled
leaves. Requires partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil, where tubers will not
dry out in summer while dormant.
Propagate by seed in fall. Some species
increase by offsets, which can be
divided in late summer. Do not allow
tubers to dry out before replanting,

6in (15cm) deep.

E. americanum, illus. p.421.

E. californicum, illus. p.415. 'White
Beauty', illus. p.399.

E. dens-canis, illus. p.418.

E. grandiflorum. Spring-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 4-12in (10-30cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has 2 lance-shaped,
semierect, basal, plain bright green leaves.
Stem bears 1-3 pendent, bright yellow
flowers, with reflexed petals. Z4-9 H9-1.

E. hendersonii, illus. p.402.

E. oregonum, illus. p.399.

E. 'Pagoda', illus. p.406.

E. revolutum. Tuberous perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has
lance-shaped, semierect, basal, brown-
mottled, green leaves and a loose spike of
1-4 pendent, pale to deep pink flowers,
with reflexed petals, in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.
E. tuolumnense. Tuberous perennial.

H to 12in (30cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm). Has
2 lance-shaped, semierect, basal, glossy.

plain green leaves. Produces a spike of up
to 10 pendent, bright yellow flowers, with
reflexed petals. Z3-9 H9-1.

ESCALLONIA

ESCALLONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous shrubs and trees, grown for
their 5-petaled flowers and glossy foliage.
Thrives in mild areas, where Escallonia is
wind-resistant and ideal for hedging in
coastal gardens. At the limits of hardiness,
protect from strong winds and grow
against a south- or west-facing wall.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Trim hedges and wall-trained plants
after flowering. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

E. 'Apple Blossom', illus. p.133.

E. 'Donard Beauty', illus. p.154.

E. 'Donard Seedling', illus. p.131.

E. 'Edinensis'. Vigorous, evergreen,
arching shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m). Bears
small, oblong, bright green leaves. Small,
pink flowers are produced from early
to mid-summer. Is one of the hardier
escallonias. Z8-9 H9-8.

E. 'Iveyi', illus. p.112.

E. ' Langleyensis'. Evergreen or
semievergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S 10ft (3m). Has small, glossy, bright green
leaves and an abundance of rose-red
flowers from early to mid-summer. Z8-9
H9-8.

E. leucantha , illus. p.112.

E. rubra. 'Crimson Spire' Very
vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval, rich
green leaves and, throughout summer,
tubular, deep red flowers. 'Woodside',
illus. p.156.

E. virgata, illus. p.130.

ESCHSCHOLZIA

California poppy

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of annuals, grown for their bright,
poppy-like flowers. Is suitable for rock
gardens and gaps in paving. Requires sun
and poor, very well-drained soil. Dead¬
head regularly to ensure a long flowering
period. Propagate by seed sown outdoors
in spring or early fall.

E. caespitosa, illus. p.321.

E. californica, illus. p.326. (mixed) Fast¬
growing, slender, erect annual. H 12in
(30cm), S 6in (15cm). Feathery leaves are
bluish-green. Cup-shaped, 4-petaled, single
flowers, in shades of red, orange, yellow or
cream, are borne in summer-fall. Zll H9-1.
Ballerina Series has flowers in shades of
red, orange, yellow or cream. Thai Silk
Series, illus. p.327.

ESCOBARIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of mainly spherical to columnar,
perennial cacti. The stems are studded with
tubercles (each with a furrow immediately
above it) and very spiny, generally white
areoles. Needs full sun and poor to
moderately fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by offsets
in summer.

E. vivipara, syn. Coryphantha vivipara,
illus. p.480.

ESPOSTOA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of columnar, perennial cacti,
each with a 10-30-ribbed stem, eventually
becoming bushy or treelike with age. Most
species are densely covered in woolly,
white hairs masking short, sharp spines.
Bears cup-shaped flowers, as well as extra
wool down the side of stems facing the sun,
only after about 30 years. Needs full sun
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or summer.

E. lanata, illus. p.482.

EUCALYPTUS

Gum

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their bark, flowers and aromatic
foliage. Needs full sun, shelter from cold
winds, and fertile, well-drained soil. Plant
smallest obtainable trees. Water container
plants moderately, less in winter.

Attractive, young foliage of some species,
normally lost with age, may be retained
by cutting growth back hard in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or fall.

E. camaldulensis (Red gum. River red
gum). Fast-growing, drought-resistant,
evergreen, rounded tree. H 100ft (30m) or
more, S 70ft (20m) or more. Young bark is
gray, brown and cream; leaves are lance¬
shaped, slender, green or blue-green. Has
umbels of small, cream flowers in summer.
Z9-10 H10-9.

E. coccifera, illus. p.68.

E. dalrympleana, illus. p.67.

E. ficifolia (Red-flowering gum).
Moderately fast-growing, evergreen,
rounded tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Has
broadly lance-shaped, glossy, deep green
leaves and, in spring-summer, large
panicles of many-stamened, pale to deep
red flowers. Prefers acidic soil. Z9-10
H10-9.

E. glaucescens (Tingiringi gum).
Evergreen, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),

S 25ft (8m). Young bark is white. Leaves
are silvery-blue and rounded when young;
long, narrow and blue-gray when mature.
In fall bears clusters of many-stamened,
white flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

E. globulus (Blue gum, Tasmanian blue
gum). Very fast-growing, evergreen,
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m).
Bark peels in ribbons. Large, oval to
oblong, silvery-blue leaves are long,
narrow and glossy, mid-green when
mature. White flowers, consisting of tufts
of stamens, are borne in summer-fall,
often year-round. Z9-10 H10-9.

E. gunnii, illus. p.68.

E. johnstonii, illus. p.68.

E. niphophila. See E. pauciflora subsp.
niphophila.

E. pauciflora , illus. p.79. subsp.
niphophila , syn. E. niphophila (Snow
gum), illus. p.78, is an evergreen, spreading
tree. H to 25ft (8m), S 20-50ft (6-15m).
Flaking bark reveals yellow, bronze, or
greenish patches. Lance-shaped foliage is
blue-green, gray-green when young. Bears
whitish-cream flowers in summer. Z9-10
H10-9.

E. perriniana (Spinning gum). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, spreading tree.

H 12-30ft (4-10m), S 10-25ft (3-8m). Has

EUCRYPHIA

rounded, gray-blue, young leaves joined
around stems. Leaves on mature trees are
long and pendulous. White flowers are
borne in late summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

E. viminalis (Manna gum. Ribbon gum).
Vigorous, evergreen, spreading tree.

H 100ft (30m), S 50ft (15m). Bark peels on
upper trunk. Lance-shaped, dark green
leaves become very long, narrow and pale
green when mature. Bears clusters of
stamened, white flowers in summer. Z8-10
H10-8.

EUCHARIS

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen bulbs, grown for their
fragrant, white flowers that resemble large,
white daffodils, with a cup and 6 spreading
petals. Prefers at least 50% relative
humidity. Needs partial shade and rich soil.
Water freely in summer. Propagate by seed
when ripe or by offsets in spring.

E. amazonica, syn. E. grandiflora, illus.
p.414.

E. grandiflora of gardens. See
E. amazonica.

EUCOMIS

Pineapple flower. Pineapple lily
LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs,
grown for their dense spikes of flowers,
which are overtopped by a tuft of small,
leaflike bracts, as in a pineapple. Where not
hardy, lift in fall and overwinter indoors.
Needs full sun and well-drained soil. Plant
in spring and water freely in summer.
Propagate by seed or division of clumps
in spring.

E. autumnalis, syn. E. undulata. Late
summer- to fall-flowering bulb. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 24-30in (60-75cm). Has strap¬
shaped, wavy-edged leaves in a semierect,
basal tuft. Leafless stem bears small, star¬
shaped, pale green or white flowers in a
dense spike, with cluster of leaflike bracts
at apex. Z7-10.

E. bicolor, illus. p.412.

E. comosa, illus. p.409.

E. pallidiflora, illus. p.409.

E. undulata. See E. autumnalis.

EUCOMMIA

EUCOMMIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its unusual foliage. Needs full
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

E. ulmoides (Hardy rubber tree).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),

S 25ft (8m). Drooping, oval leaves are
pointed and glossy, dark green; when
pulled apart, leaf pieces stay joined by
rubbery threads. Inconspicuous flowers
are produced in late spring before leaves.
Z4-7 H7-1.

EUCRYPHIA

EUCRYPHIACEAE/CUNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous trees and shrubs, grown for
their foliage and often fragrant, white
flowers. Needs a sheltered, semi-shaded
position in all but mild, wet areas, where it
will withstand more exposure. Does best

575

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

EUONYMUS

with roots in a cool, moist, shaded site and
crown in sun. Needs fertile, well-drained,
lime-free soil, except for E. cordifolia and
E. x nymansensis. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

E. cordifolia , illus. p.73.

E. glutinosa , illus. p.85.

E. lucida, illus. p.85.

E. milliganii, illus. p.129.

E. x nymansensis 'INlymansay', illus.
p.73.

Eugenia australis of gardens. See
Syzygium paniculatum.

Eugenia paniculata. See Syzygium
paniculatum.

Eugenia ugni. See Ugni molinae.
Euodia. See Tetradium.

Euodia hupehensis. See Tetradium
daniellii.

EUONYMUS

CELASTRACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
and trees, sometimes climbing, grown
for their foliage, fall color and fruits.
Needs sun or semi-shade and well-
drained soil, although, for evergreen
species in full sun, soil should not be very
dry. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall. E. europaeus
and E. japonicus may be attacked by
caterpillars; E. japonicus is susceptible
to mildew. (D All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

E. alatus, illus. p.140. 'Compactus' is
a deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 10ft (3m). Shoots have corky
wings. Oval, dark green leaves turn
brilliant red in fall. Bears inconspicuous,
greenish-white flowers in summer,
followed by small, 4-lobed, purple or red
fruits. Z3-9 H9-1.

E. cornutus var. quinquecornutus.

Deciduous, spreading, open shrub. H 6ft
(2m), S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves. Small,
purplish-green flowers in summer are
followed by 5-horned, pink fruits that
open to reveal orange-red seeds. Z9-10
H10-8.

576

E. europaeus (Spindle tree). 'Red
Cascade', illus. p.140.

E. fortunei. Evergreen shrub, grown
only as var. radicans and its cultivars,
which are climbing or prostrate. H 15ft
(5m) if supported, S indefinite. Bears
oval, dark green leaves and
inconspicuous, greenish-white flowers
from early to mid-summer. Makes good
groundcover. Z5-9 H9-2. Foliage of
'Coloratus' turns reddish-purple in fall-
winter. 'Emerald 'n' Gold' illus. p.167.
'Emerald Gaiety', H 3ft (lm), S 5ft
(1.5m), is bushy, with rounded, white-
edged, deep green leaves. Young,
rounded leaves of 'Golden Prince', syn.
E. fortunei 'Gold Tip' are edged bright
yellow, aging to creamy-white. 'Gold
Tip'. See E. fortunei 'Golden Prince'.
'Kewensis', H 4in (10cm) or more, has
slender stems and tiny leaves, and forms
dense mats of growth. 'Sarcoxie', H and
S 4ft (1.2m), is vigorous, upright and
bushy, with glossy, dark green leaves.
'Silver Queen', illus. p.144. 'Sunspot'
bears deep green leaves, each marked in
center with golden-yellow.

E. hamiltonianus , illus. p.142.

Deciduous, treelike shrub or small tree,
sometimes semievergreen. H and S 25ft
(8m). Oval, mid-green leaves often turn
pink and red in fall. Tiny, green flowers in
late spring and early summer are
followed by 4-lobed, rose-pink fruits
enclosed in a bright red casing. Z6-8
H8-6. subsp. sieboldianus , syn.

E. yedoensis (illus. p.142), H and S 20ft
(6m) or more, has pink fruits, subsp.
sieboldianus 'Red Elf', illus. p.140.

E. japonicus (Japanese spindle).
'Latifolius Albomarginatus', syn.

E. japonicus 'Macrophyllus Albus' illus.
p.144. 'Macrophyllus' is an evergreen,
upright, dense shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft
(2m). Has large, oval, glossy, dark green
leaves and, in summer, small, star-shaped,
green flowers, followed by spherical,
pink fruits with orange seeds. Is good
for hedging, particularly in coastal areas.
Z6-8 H8-6. 'Macrophyllus Albus'. See
E. japonicus 'Latifolius Albomarginatus'.
Leaves of 'Ovatus Aureus' are broadly
edged with golden-yellow.

E. latifolius , illus. p.140.

E. myrianthus, illus. p.117.

E. oxyphyllus, illus. p.117.

E. planipes, syn. E. sachalinensis.
Deciduous, upright, shrub. H and S 10ft
(3m). Bears oval, mid-green leaves that
turn to brilliant red in fall, as large,

4- or 5-lobed, red fruits open to reveal
bright orange seeds. Star-shaped, green
flowers are produced in late spring.

Z5-9 H9-5.

E. sachalinensis of gardens. See
E. planipes.

E. yedoensis. See E. hamiltonianus subsp.
sieboldianus.

EUPATORIUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials, subshrubs and
shrubs, many of which are evergreen,
grown mainly for their flowers, some
also for their architectural foliage.
Requires full light or partial shade. Will
grow in any conditions, although most
species prefer moist but well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.
Prune shrubs lightly after flowering or
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring;
shrubs and subshrubs may also be
propagated by softwood or greenwood
cuttings in summer, perennials by
division in early spring or fall. Red
spider mite and whitefly may be
troublesome.

E. ageratoides. See Ageratina altissima.
E. ianthinum. See Bartlettina sordida.

E. ligustrinum. See Ageratina ligustrina.

E. maculatum 'Riesenschirm', illus.

p.221.

E. micranthum. See Ageratina ligustrina.
E. purpureum (Joe Pye weed). Stately,
upright perennial. H to 7ft (2.2m), S to 3ft
(lm). Oval leaves are arranged in whorls
along purplish stems. Terminal heads of
tubular, pinkish-purple flowers are borne
in late summer-early fall. Z3-9 H9-1.

E. rugosum. See Ageratina altissima.

E. sordidum. See Bartlettina sordida.

E. urticifolium. See Ageratina altissima.
E. weinmannianum. See Ageratina
ligustrina.

EUPHORBIA

Milkweed, Spurge

EUPHORBIACEAE ~

Genus of shrubs, succulents and
perennials, some of which are
semievergreen or evergreen, and annuals.
Flower heads consist of cup-shaped
bracts, in various colors and usually each
containing several flowers lacking typical
sepals and petals. Prefers sun or partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring or
summer, by division in spring or early
fall or by seed in fall or spring. ® All
parts may cause severe discomfort if
ingested; contact with their milky sap
may irritate skin.

E. amygdaloides (Wood spurge).
'Purpurea' is a semievergreen, erect
perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Stems and
narrowly oval leaves are green, heavily
suffused purple-red. Has flower heads
of cup-shaped, yellow bracts in spring.

Is susceptible to mildew. Z6-10 H10-2.
var. robbiae, syn. E. robbiae illus.

p.262.

E. bicompacta var. rubra , syn.
Synadenium compactum var. rubrum,
Synadenium grantii 'Rubrum'.

Evergreen, erect, robust-stemmed shrub.
H 10-12ft (3-4m), S 6ft (2m) or more.

Has very small, red flowers in fall,
largely concealed by lance-shaped to
oval, glossy, purplish-green leaves, red-
purple beneath. Z10-11 H12-9.

'Rubrum' Evergreen, erect, robust¬
stemmed shrub. H 10-12ft (3-4m),

S 6ft (2m) or more. Has very small, red
flowers in fall, largely concealed by
lance-shaped to oval, glossy, purplish-
green leaves, red-purple beneath.

E. biglandulosa. See E. rigida.

E. candelabrum. Deciduous, treelike,
perennial succulent. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft
(5m). Erect, 3-5-angled, deeply indented,
glossy, dark green stems, often marbled
white, branch and rebranch candelabra¬
like. Has short-lived, spear-shaped
leaves. Rounded heads of small flowers,
with cup-shaped, yellow bracts, are
produced in spring. Z10-11 H12-10.

E. characias subsp. characias, illus.
p.147. subsp. wulfenii, illus. p.147.

E. cyparissias, illus. p.262.

E. epithymoides. See E. polychroma.

E. fulgens (Scarlet plume). Evergreen,
erect, arching shrub. H 3—5ft (1-1.5m),

S 2-3ft (60cm-lm). Has elliptic to lance¬
shaped, mid- to deep green leaves, to
4in (10cm) long. From winter to spring
bears leafy, wandlike sprays of small
flowers, each cluster surrounded by 5
petal-like, scarlet bracts, 3 /4-174in (2-3cm)
across. Z14-15 H12-10.

E. gorgonis (Gorgon's head). Deciduous,
hemispherical, perennial succulent. H 3in
(8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has a much-ribbed,
green main stem crowned by 3-5 rows of
prostrate stems. Van (1cm) wide, that are
gradually shed. In spring, crown also bears
rounded heads of small, fragrant flowers
with cup-shaped, yellow bracts. Z14-15
H12-10.

E. griffithii 'Fireglow', illus. p.246.

E. hypericifolia Diamond Frost
('Inneuphe'), illus. p.298.

E. marginata , illus. p.299.

E. mellifera , illus. p.127.

E. milii, illus. p.456. var. splendens,

syn. E. splendens is a slow-growing,
mainly evergreen, spreading, spiny,
semi-succulent shrub. H to 6ft (2m),

S to 3ft (lm). Has oblong to oval leaves
and, intermittently year-round but
especially in spring, clusters of tiny
flowers enclosed in large, petal-like, red
bracts. Zll-12 H12-1.

E. myrsinites, illus. p.357.

E. nicaeensis. Clump-forming perennial
with a woody base. H 30in (75cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has narrowly oval, fleshy, gray-
green leaves. Umbels of greenish-yellow
flower heads with cup-shaped bracts
are borne throughout summer.

Z5-8 H8-5.

E. obesa, illus. p.493.

E. palustris. Bushy perennial. H and S 3ft
(lm). Clusters of yellow-green flower
heads, with cup-shaped bracts, are
produced in spring above oblong to lance¬
shaped, yellowish-green leaves. Z7-9 H7-6.
E. polychroma, syn. E. epithymoides,
illus. p.262.

E. pulcherrima, illus. p.455. 'Paul
Mikkelson' is a mainly evergreen,
erect, freely branching shrub. H and
S 10-12ft (3-4m). Bears oval to lance¬
shaped, shallowly lobed leaves. From
late fall to spring has flattened heads of
small, greenish-white flowers with large,
leaflike, bright red bracts. Z13-15
H12-1.

E. rigida, syn. E. biglandulosa, illus. p.227.
E. robbiae. See E. amygdaloides var.
robbiae.

E. schillingii, illus. p.251.

E. seguieriana. Clump-forming,
semievergreen perennial. H and S 18in
(45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
glaucous leaves on slender stems. Bears
large, terminal clusters of yellowish-
green flowers in late spring. Z8-11
H12-8.

E. sikkimensis, illus. p.242.

E. splendens. See E. milii var. splendens.
E. tithymaloides, syn. Pedilanthus
tithymaloides. Bushy, perennial succulent.

H 10ft (3m), S 1ft (30cm). Has thin, erect
stems zigzagging at each node. Leaves
are mid-green and boat-shaped, with
prominent ribs beneath. Red to yellowish-
green bracts are produced at each of the
stem tips in summer. Prefers partial shade.
Z10-11 H12-10. 'Variegata', illus. p.483.

EUPTELEA

EUPTELEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
their foliage. Prefers full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in fall.

E. polyandra. Deciduous, bushy-headed
tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Long-
stalked, narrowly oval, pointed, sharply
toothed leaves are glossy and bright
green, turning red and yellow in fall. Has
inconspicuous flowers in spring before
leaves emerge. Z6-14 H12-1.

EURYA

THEACEAE/PENTAPHYLACACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage. Insignificant
flowers are produced from spring to
summer. Tolerates partial shade or full

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

light and needs fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens freely
when in full growth, less at other times.
Propagate by seed when ripe or in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

E. emarginata, illus. p.165.

E. japonica. Evergreen, bushy shrub or
small tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has elliptic
to lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, leathery,
dark green leaves. Inconspicuous, green
flowers, borne from spring to summer,
are followed on female plants by tiny,
spherical, purple-black fruits.

Z8-10 H10-8.

'Variegata' of gardens. See Cleyera
japonica Tortunei'.

EURYALE

NYMPHAEACEAE ~

Genus of one species of annual, deep-water
plant, grown for its floating foliage; is
suitable only for tropical pools. Needs full
light, constant warmth and heavy feeding.
Propagate by seed in spring.

E. ferox. Annual, deep-water plant.

S 5ft (1.5m). Has floating, rounded, spiny,
olive-green leaves, with rich purple
undersides. Bears small, shuttlecock-like,
red or violet-purple flowers in summer.
Z12-15 H12-6.

EURYOPS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs,
grown for their foliage and daisylike flower
heads. Is suitable for borders and rock
gardens. Needs sun and moist but well-
drained soil. May not tolerate root
disturbance. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

E. acraeus, syn. E. evansii, illus. p.344.

E. evansii of gardens. See E. acraeus.

E. pectinatus, illus. p.319.

EUSTOMA

GENTIANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their poppy-like flowers that are good
for cutting. Makes a good container-grown
plant. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in
late winter.

E. grandiflorum , syn. E. russellianum,
Lisianthus russellianus, illus. p.299. Heidi
Series produces flowers in shades of
rose-pink, blue, white and bicolors. Z8-11
H12-1.

E. russellianum. See E. grandiflorum.

EXACUM

GENTIANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown for their profusion of flowers, that
are excellent as pot plants. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
in early spring for flowering the same year
or in late summer for the following year.

E. affine (Persian violet). Evergreen, bushy
perennial, usually grown as an annual.

H and S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has oval, glossy
leaves and masses of tiny, scented, saucer¬
shaped, purple, rose-pink or white flowers,
with yellow stamens, in summer and early
fall. H7-1.

EXOCHORDA

Pearl bush

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their abundant, showy, white flowers.
Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Improve vigor and flowering by
thinning out old shoots after flowering.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall. Chlorosis may be a
problem on shallow, chalky soil.

E. giraidii. Deciduous, widely arching
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has pinkish-
green, young growths and oblong leaves.
Bears upright racemes of large, 5-petaled,
white flowers in late spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

E. x macrantha 'The Bride', illus. p.132.
E. racemosa (Common pearl bush).
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 12ft
(4m). Has upright clusters of 5-petaled,
white flowers in late spring. Leaves are
oblong and deep blue-green. Prefers acidic
soil. Z5-9 H9-5.

F

FABIANA

SOLANACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Requires full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

F. imbricata 'Prostrata'. Evergreen,
mound-forming, very dense shrub.

H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Shoots are densely
covered with tiny, heather-like, deep green
leaves. Bears a profusion of tubular, white
flowers in early summer. Z9-11 H12-10.
f. violacea, syn. F. imbricata 'Violacea',
illus. p.204. 'Violacea'. See F. imbricata
f. violacea.

FAGUS

Beech

FAGACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
habit, foliage and fall color. Insignificant
flowers appear in late spring and hairy
fruits ripen in fall to release edible,
triangular nuts. Requires sun or semi¬
shade; purple-leaved forms prefer full
sun, yellow-leaved forms a little shade.
Grows well in any but waterlogged soil.

F. sylvatica, when used as hedging, should
be trimmed in summer. Propagate species
by seed in fall, and selected forms by
budding in late summer. Problems may be
caused by bracket fungi, canker-causing
fungi, aphids and beech coccus.

F. americana. See F. grandifolia.

F. grandifolia (American beech), syn.

F. americana. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, silky, pale green
young leaves mature to dark green in
summer, then turn golden-brown in fall.
Z3-9 H9-1.

F. orientalis. (Oriental beech) Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m).
Has large, oval, wavy-edged, dark green
leaves that turn yellow in fall. Z4-7 H7-1.

F. sylvatica (European beech), illus. p.64.
'Aspleniifolia', illus. p.64.
f. atropunicea , syn. F. sylvatica
Atropurpureum Group, F. sylvatica f.
purpurea (Copper beech. Purple beech)
is a deciduous, round-headed tree. H 80ft
(25m), S 50ft (15m). Has oval, wavy-
margined, purple leaves that turn a
rich coppery color in fall. Z5-7 H7-5.
Atropurpureum Group. SeeF. sylvatica
f. atropunicea. Aurea Pendula', H 100ft
(30m), S 80ft (25m), is a slender tree
with pendulous branches and bright yellow
leaves that become rich yellow and orange-
brown in fall. 'Dawyck', illus. p.79.
'Dawyck Purple' is similar, but has deep
purple foliage. Leaves of f. iaciniata
(Cutleaf beech) are deeply cut. f. pendula,
syn. F. sylvatica 'Pendula', illus. p.62.
'Pendula'. See F. sylvatica f. pendula.
f. purpurea. See F. sylvatica f. atropunicea.
'Purpurea Pendula', H and S 10ft (3m),
has stiff, weeping branches and blackish-
purple foliage. 'Riversii', illus. p.61.
'Rohanii' illus. p.61. 'Zlatia' produces
yellow young foliage that later becomes
mid- to dark green.

FARGESIA

FALLOPIA

syn. BILDERDYKIA, REYNOUTRIA
POLYGONACEAE ~

Genus of rhizomatous, climbing or
scrambling, woody-based perennials
that are good for training on pergolas
and deciduous trees or for covering
unsightly structures. Needs full sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed sown as soon as
ripe or in spring or by semi-ripe cuttings
in summer or hardwood cuttings in fall.

F. aubertii, syn. Polygonum aubertii
(Silver flea vine. Silver lace vine). Vigorous,
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H to 40ft (12m) or more. Leaves
are broadly heart-shaped. Panicles of small,
white or greenish flowers, aging to pink,
are borne in summer-fall and are followed
by angled, pinkish-white fruits. Is often
confused with F. baldschuanica. Z5-9 H9-3.
F. aubertii of gardens. (Silver flea vine.
Silver lace vine) See F. baldschuanica.

F. baldschuanica, syn. F. aubertii of
gardens. Polygonum baldschuanicum, illus.

p.208.

FALLUGIA

ROSACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its flowers and showy fruit
clusters. Requires a hot, sunny position and
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

F. paradoxa, illus. p.128.

FARFUGIUM f

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
foliage and daisy-like flower heads. Needs
sun or semi-shade and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall or spring.

F. japonicum, syn. Ligularia tussilaginea
(Leopard plant). Loosely clump-forming
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has large,
rounded, toothed, mid-green, basal leaves,
above which rise woolly, branched stems
bearing clusters of daisy-like, pale yellow
flower heads in late summer. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Aureomaculatum' has variegated, gold-
and-white leaves.

FARGESIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

F. murieliae, syn. Arundinaria murieliae,

F. spathacea of gardens, Sinarundinaria
murieliae, Thamnocalamus murieliae,
Thamnocalamus spathaceus of gardens
(Umbrella bamboo). Evergreen, clump¬
forming bamboo. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite.

Has gray young culms with loose, light
brown sheaths and broad, apple-green
leaves, each very long- drawn-out at its tip.

Flower spikes are unimportant. Z5-9 H9-4.

F. nitida (Fountain bamboo), syn.

Arundinaria nitida, Sinarundinaria nitida.

Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo.

H 15ft (5m), S indefinite. Has small, pointed,
mid-green leaves on dark purple stalks and
several branches at each node. Stems are
often purple with close sheaths. Z5-9 H9-5. 577

F. spathacea of gardens. See F. murieliae. _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FASCICULARIA

FASCICULARIA

BROMELIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their overall
appearance. Prefers full light; any well-
drained soil is suitable. Water moderately
from spring to fall, sparingly in winter.
Propagate by offsets or division in spring.
F andina. See F. bicolor.

F. bicolor, syn. F. andina. Evergreen,
rosetted perennial forming congested
hummocks. H to 18in (45cm), S to 24in
(60cm). Has dense rosettes of linear,
tapered, arching, mid- to deep green
leaves. In summer produces a cluster of
tubular, pale blue flowers, surrounded
by bright red bracts, at the heart of each
mature rosette. Z10-13 H12-7.

x FATSHEDERA

ARALIACEAE ~

Hybrid genus (Fatsia japonica 'Moseri' x
Hedera helix 'Hibernica') of one evergreen,
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage.

Is good trained against a wall or pillar or,
if supported by canes, cultivated as a house
plant. Prefers a sunny or shaded position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semi-ripe cuttings in summer,
x F. lizei, (Aralia ivy. Botanical wonder) illus.
p.211. 'Variegata' is an evergreen, mound¬
forming, loose-branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m)
or more if trained as a climber, S 10ft (3m).
Has rounded, deeply lobed, glossy, deep
green leaves, narrowly edged with creamy-
white. From mid- to late fall bears sprays of
small, white flowers. Z&-11 H12-8.

FATSIA

ARALIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen,
fall-flowering shrub, grown for its
foliage, flowers and fruits. Is excellent
for conservatories. At limits of hardiness,
provide shelter from strong winds.
Tolerates sun or shade and requires
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semi-ripe cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall or spring.

F japonica, syn. Aralia japonica, Aralia
sieboldii (Japanese fatsia). Evergreen,
rounded, dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Has sturdy shoots and very large, rounded,
deeply lobed, glossy, dark green leaves.
Dense clusters of tiny, white flowers,
produced in mid-fall, are followed by
rounded, black fruits. Z8-10 H10-8.
'Variegata' illus. p.144.

F papyrifera. See Tetrapanaxpapyrifer.

FAUCARIA

Tiger jaws

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, stemless,
perennial succulents, grown for their semi-
cylindrical or 3-angled, fleshy, bright green
leaves and yellow flowers that open in late
afternoons in fall. Buds and dead flowers
may appear orange or red. Requires full sun
and well-drained soil. Keep dry in winter
and water sparingly in spring. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
F tigrina, illus. p.495.

Feijoa. See Acca.

FELICIA

syn. AGATHAEA

Blue daisy

COM POSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs
and (rarely) shrubs, grown for their daisy¬
like, mainly blue flower heads. Requires
full sun and well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately when in
full growth, less at other times; dislikes
wet conditions, particularly in low
temperatures. Cut off dead flowering
stems and cut back straggly shoots
regularly. Propagate by seed in spring
or by greenwood cuttings in summer
or early fall.

F. amelioides, syn. Aster capensis (Blue
daisy). Bushy sub-shrub, grown as an
annual. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm). Bears
deep green leaves, to lVfln (3cm) long,
and light to deep blue flowers from
summer to fall. Z8-11 H12-8. 'Santa
Anita', illus. p.157.

F. bergeriana (Kingfisher daisy). Fairly
fast-growing, mat-forming annual. H and
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy,
gray-green leaves. Small, daisy-like, blue
flower heads, with yellow centers, open
only in sunshine in summer and early fall.
Zll HI 1-1.

FENESTRARIA

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their basal rosettes
of fleshy leaves that have gray 'windows'
in their flattened tips. Needs sun and very
well-drained soil. Keep bone dry in winter.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

F aurantica. See F. rhopalophylla subsp.
aurantiaca.

F. rhopalophylla. Clump-forming,
perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 8in
(20cm). Forms open cushions of erect,
club-shaped, glossy, glaucous to mid-green
leaves, each with a flattened tip. Bears
daisy-like, white flowers, on long stems,
in late summer and fall. Z13-15 H12-10.
subsp. aurantiaca, syn. F. aurantica illus.
p.495.

FEROCACTUS

Barrel cactus

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, spherical,
perennial cacti, becoming columnar after
many years. Needs full sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer. Treat blackened areoles with
systemic fungicide and ensure plants have
good ventilation.

F. acanthodes. See F. cylindraceus.

F. chrysacanthus. Slow-growing,
spherical, perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Green stem, with 15-20 ribs,
is fairly densely covered with curved,
yellow-white spines. In summer bears
funnel-shaped, yellow, rarely red, flowers,
2in (5cm) across, only on plants lOin (25cm)
or more in diameter. Z12-15 H12-10.

F cylindraceus, syn. F. acanthodes, illus.
p.494.

F. hamatacanthus, syn. Hamatocactus
hamatacanthus, illus. p.486.

F latispinus (Devil's tongue). Slow-
growing, flattened spherical, perennial

cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 16in (40cm). Green
stem, with 15-20 ribs, bears broad, hooked,
red or yellow spines. Funnel-shaped, pale
yellow or red flowers are produced in
summer on plants more than 4in (10cm)
wide. Z13-15 H12-10.

F setispinus. See Thelocactus setispinus.
F wislizenii (Fishhook cactus). Slow-
growing, spherical, perennial cactus.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Green stem, with up
to 25 ribs, is covered in flattened, fish-hook,
usually reddish-brown spines, to 5cm (2in)
long. Funnel-shaped, orange or yellow
flowers, 6cm ( 2 V 2 in) across, are produced
in late summer, on plants more than lOin
(25cm) wide, which should attain this size
10-15 years after raising from seed.

Z13-15 H12-10.

FERRARIA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering corms, grown
for their curious flowers with 3 large,
outer petals and 3 small, inner ones, with
very wavy edges. Is unpleasant-smelling
to attract flies, which pollinate flowers.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Plant in fall, water during winter and dry
off after flowering. Dies down in summer.
Propagate by division in late summer or
by seed in fall.

F crispa, syn. F. undulata, illus. p.407.

F undulata. See F. crispa.

FERULA

Giant fennel

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE

Genus of mainly summer-flowering
perennials, grown for their bold,
architectural form. Should not be
confused with culinary fennel,
Foeniculum. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed when fresh, in
late summer.

F communis, illus. p.219.

FESTUCA

Fescue

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

F glauca, syn. F. ovina var. glauca (Gray
fescue). Group of evergreen, tuft-forming,
perennial grasses. H and S 4in (10cm).
Bears narrow leaves in various shades
of blue-green to silvery-white. Produces
unimportant panicles of spikelets in
summer. Is good for bed edging. Divide
every 2-3 years in spring. Z4-8 H8-1.

F ovina var. glauca. See F. glauca.

Ficaria verna. See Ranunculus ficaria.

FICUS

Fig

MORACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees,
shrubs and scrambling or root climbers,
grown for their foliage and for shade; a few
species also for fruit. All bear insignificant
clusters of flowers in spring or summer.
Prefers full light or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately, very little when
temperatures are low. Propagate by seed in

spring or by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings
or air-layering in summer. Red spider mite
may be a nuisance. ® The foliage may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested; the
sap may irritate skin or aggravate allergies.
F benghalensis, illus. p.452.

F benjamina (Weeping fig). Evergreen,
weeping tree, often with aerial roots.

H and S 60-70ft (18-20m). Has slender, oval
leaves, 3-5in (7-13cm) long, in lustrous,
rich green. Z10-U H12-10. 'Variegata'
illus. p.450.

F deltoidea, illus. p.458.

F elastica (India rubber fig). 'Decora' is
a strong-growing, evergreen, irregularly
ovoid tree. H to 100ft (30m), S 50-7Oft
(15-20m). Has broadly oval, leathery,
lustrous, deep green leaves, pinkish-bronze
when young. Zll H12-10. 'Doescheri',
illus. p.450. Leaves of 'Variegata' are
cream-edged, mottled with gray-green.
Z14-15 H12-10.

F lyrata (Banjo fig). Evergreen, ovoid,
robust-stemmed tree. H 50ft (15m) or more,
S to 30ft (10m). Fiddle-shaped leaves,
lft (30cm) or more long, are lustrous,
deep green. Zll-12 H12-7.

F macrophylla (Australian banyan,
Moreton Bay fig). Evergreen, wide-
spreading, dense tree with a buttressed
trunk when mature. H 70-100ft (20-30m),

S 100-130ft (30-40m). Oval leaves, to 8in
(20cm) long, are leathery, glossy, deep
green. Zll-12 H12-7.

F pumila, syn. F. repens (Climbing fig.
Creeping fig). Evergreen, root climber.

H 25ft (8m), 5ft (1.5m) as a container plant.
Bright green leaves are heart-shaped when
young; 174-3in (3-8cm) long, leathery and
oval when mature. Unpalatable fruits are
6cm ( 2 y 2 in) long, orange at first, then
flushed red-purple. Only reaches adult
stage in very warm regions or under
glass. Pinch out branch tips to encourage
branching. Z9-11 H12-1. The young leaves
of 'Minima' are shorter and narrower.

F religiosa (Bo tree, Peepul, Sacred fig).
Mainly evergreen, rounded to wide-
spreading tree with prop roots from
branches. H and S 70-100ft (20-30m).
Leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long, are broadly
oval to almost triangular with long, thread¬
like tips, pink-flushed when expanding.
Z14-15 H12-10.

F repens. See F. pumila.

F. rubiginosa (Port Jackson fig, Rusty¬
leaved fig). Evergreen, dense-headed tree
with a buttressed trunk. H and S 70-100ft
(20-30m) or more. Elliptic, blunt-pointed
leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are glossy, dark
green above, usually with rust-colored
down beneath. Z14-15 H12-10.

FILIPENDULA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
perennials. Most grow in full sun or partial
shade, in moist but well-drained, leafy soil;
some species, e.g. F. rubra, will thrive in
boggy sites. F. vulgaris needs a drier site,
in full sun. Propagate by seed in fall or by
division in fall or winter.

F camtschatica, syn. F. kamtschatica.
Clump-forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 3ft (lm). In mid-summer produces frothy,
flat heads of scented, star-shaped, white
or pale pink flowers above large, lance¬
shaped, divided and cut leaves. Z3-9 H9-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

F. hexapetala. See F. vulgaris. 'Flore
Pleno'. See F. vulgaris 'Multiplex'.

F. kamtschatica. See F camtschatica.

F. purpurea , illus. p.238.

F. rubra , illus. p.438.

F. ulmaria , syn. Spiraea ulmaria, illus.
p.436. 'Aurea', illus. p.274.

F. vulgaris, syn. F. hexapetala (Dropwort).
'Multiplex', syn. F. hexapetala 'Flore
Pleno' is an upright, rosette-forming
perennial with fleshy, swollen roots. H 3ft
(lm), S IVaft (45cm). In summer produces
flat panicles of rounded, double, white
flowers, sometimes flushed pink, above
fern-like, finely divided, toothed, hairless,
dark green leaves. Z4-7 H8-1.

FIRMIANA

STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE ~

Genus of mainly deciduous trees and
shrubs, grown for their foliage and to
provide shade. Requires fertile, moist but
well-drained soil and full light or partial
shade. Water container specimens freely
when in full growth, less in winter. Pruning
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by seed
when ripe or in spring.

F. platanifolia. See F. simplex.

F. simplex, syn. F. platanifolia, Sterculia x
platanifolia, illus. p.451.

FITTONIA

Nerve plant, Painted net leaf

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
grown mainly for their foliage. Is useful
as ground cover. Needs a fairly humid
atmosphere. Needs shade and well-drained
soil; keep well watered but avoid
waterlogging, especially in winter. If it
becomes too straggly, cut back in spring.
Propagate in spring or summer, with extra
heat, by division or stem cuttings.

F. albivenis Argyroneura Group, syn.

F. argyroneura, F. verschaffeltii var.
argyroneura, illus. p.468. Verschaffeltii
Group, syn. F. verschaffeltii (Painted net-
leaf) is an evergreen, creeping perennial.

H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. Produces
small, oval, red-veined, olive-green leaves.
Flowers are best removed if they form.
Z14-15 HI 1-1.

F. argyroneura. See F. albivenis
Argyroneura Group.

F. verschaffeltii. See F. albivenis
Verschaffeltii Group, var. argyroneura.
See F. albivenis Argyroneura Group.

FITZROYA

CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

F. cupressoides, syn. F. patagonica, illus.

p.100.

F. patagonica. See F. cupressoides.

FOENICULUM

Fennel

UM BELLI FERAE/API ACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering biennials
and perennials, some of which are grown
for their umbels of yellow flowers. Is also
grown for its leaves, which are both
decorative in borders and used for culinary
flavoring. Needs an open, sunny position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Remove

flower heads after fading to prevent self-
seeding. Propagate by seed in fall.

F. vulgare (Common fennel). Z6-9 H9-6.
'Purpureum' is an erect, branching
perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 172ft (45cm). Has
very finely divided, hair-like, bronze leaves
and, in summer, large, flat umbels of small,
yellow flowers.

FONTINALIS

Water moss

SPHAGNACEAE/FONT1NALACEAE

Genus of evergreen, perennial, submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage, which
provides dense cover for fish and a good
site for the deposit of spawn. Grows in
sun or partial shade in streams and other
running water; tolerates still water if
cool, but then does not grow to full size.
Propagate by division in spring.

F. antipyretica (Water moss. Willow
moss). Evergreen, perennial, submerged
water plant. H lin (2.5cm), S indefinite.
Forms spreading colonies of moss-like,
dark olive-green leaves. Z4-8.

FORSYTH IA

OLEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
shrubs, grown for their usually profuse,
yellow flowers, which are produced before
the leaves emerge. F. 'Beatrix Farrand' and
F. x intermedia 'Lynwood Variety' make
attractive, flowering hedges. Prefers full
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Thin out
old shoots and trim hedges immediately
after flowering. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by hardwood
cuttings in fall or winter.

F. 'Flo Jar'. See F. x intermedia Minigold.

F. x intermedia 'Arnold Giant'
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 8ft (2.5m). Has sturdy shoots and oblong,
sharply toothed, mid-green leaves. Large,
4-lobed, deep yellow flowers are produced
sparsely from early to mid-spring. Z6-9
H9-5. 'Beatrix Farrand', illus. p.127.
'Karl Sax', H 8ft (2.5m), is dense-growing,
with an abundance of flowers. Some leaves
turn red or purple in fall. 'Lynwood',

H 10ft (3m), is very free-flowering, vigorous
and upright. Minigold ('Flo Jar'), H and
S 6ft (2m), has oblong, mid-green leaves,
produces masses of small, yellow flowers.
'Spectabilis', illus. p.127. 'Spring Glory',
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has clusters of large,
4-lobed, pale yellow flowers borne in mid¬
spring and bright green leaves.

F. ovata (Early forsythia, Korean forsythia).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
Bears broadly oval, toothed, dark green
leaves. Produces small, 4-lobed, bright
yellow flowers in early spring. Z5-7 H7-5.
'Tetragold' has larger flowers. Z4-7 H7-3.
F. suspensa, illus. p.195.

FOTHERGILLA

HAMAMELIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
shrubs, grown for their fall color
and fragrant flowers, each with a dense,
bottlebrushlike cluster of stamens, which
open before or as leaves emerge. Grows in
sun or partial shade, but colors best in full
sun. Requires moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer.

F. gardenii, illus. p.163.

F. major, syn. F. monticola, illus. p.117.

F. monticola. See F. major.

Fragaria indica. See Duchesnea indica.

FRAILEA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti with tuberculate ribs. Bears short
spines, mostly bristly. In summer produces
masses of buds, most of which develop
into small, spherical, shiny pods without
opening. Needs partial shade and very
well-drained soil. Is not well-adapted to
long periods of drought. Propagate by seed
in spring or summer.

F. pulcherrima. See F. pygmaea.

F. pygmaea, syn. F. pulcherrima, illus.
p.490.

FRANCOA

Bridal wreath

SAXIFRAGACEAE/FRANCOACEAE

Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering
perennials. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in spring.

F. appendiculata. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Racemes of small, bell-shaped, pale pink
flowers, spotted with deep pink at base, are
borne on erect stems from summer to early
fall, above oblong to oval, lobed, hairy,
crinkled, dark green leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

F. sonchifolia. Clump-forming perennial.
H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears racemes
of cup-shaped, red-marked, pink flowers
from summer to early fall. Lobed leaves
each have a large, terminal lobe. Z7-9
H9-7. Rogerson's form, H 24in (60cm),

S 24in (60cm) or more, has lance-shaped,
lobed, dark green leaves and slender,
wandlike racemes of star-shaped, rich pink
and red flowers in summer. Is good for
groundcover.

FRANKLINIA

Franklin tree

THEACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree
or shrub, grown for its flowers and fall
color. Requires full sun and moist but
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer,
by seed in fall or by hardwood cuttings in
early winter.

F. alatamaha. Deciduous, upright tree
or shrub. H and S 15ft (5m) or more. Large,
shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers, with
yellow stamens, are borne in late summer
and early fall. Oblong, glossy, bright green
leaves turn red in fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

FRAXINUS

Ash

OLEACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown mainly for their foliage of paired
leaflets; flowers are usually insignificant.
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained but
not too dry soil. Propagate species by seed
in fall, selected forms by budding in
summer. 0 Contact with lichens on the
bark may aggravate skin allergies.

FREESIA

F. americana (White ash). Fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 50ft (15m). Leaves are dark green, with
5-9 oval to lance-shaped leaflets,
sometimes turning yellow or purple in
fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

F. angustifolia. subsp. oxycarpa, syn.

F. oxycarpa Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 80ft (25m), S 40ft (12m). Leaves usually
consist of 9-11 slender, lance-shaped,
glossy, dark green leaflets that turn
golden-yellow in fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

F. excelsior (European ash). Vigorous,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),

S 70ft (20m). Dark green leaves, with usually
9-11 oval leaflets, sometimes become yellow
in fall. Black leaf buds are conspicuous in
winter. Z5-8 H8-5. f. diversifolia has
leaves that are simple or with only 3 leaflets.
'Jaspidea', illus. p.60. 'Pendula', illus.
p.79. 'Haywood', illus. p.66.

F. mariesii. See F. sieboldiana.

F. ornus, illus. p.71.

F. oxycarpa (Narrow-leaved ash). See
F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa.

F. pennsylvanica (Green ash. Red ash).
Fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 70ft (20m). Leaves of usually 7 or
9 narrowly oval, dull green leaflets are
often velvety beneath, like the shoots, and
turn yellow in fall. Z3-9 H9-4. 'Patmore'
is disease-resistant, with long-lasting,
glossy leaves, but does not bear fruit.

F. sieboldiana, syn. F. mariesii. Slow-
growing, deciduous, compact-headed tree.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Leaves consist of
3-5 oval, dark green leaflets, each on a
purple stalk. Produces clusters of small,
fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white flowers
in early summer, followed by narrowly
oblong, purple fruits. Z7-10 H10-7.

F. velutina, illus. p.74.

FREESIA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
corms, grown for their usually fragrant,
funnel-shaped flowers, which are popular
for cutting. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. Plant in fall and water
throughout winter. Support with twigs or
small canes. Dry off corms after flowering.
Plant specially prepared corms outdoors in
spring for flowering in summer. Propagate
by offsets in fall or by seed in spring.

F. alba, syn. F. refracta var. alba. Late
winter- and spring-flowering corm.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 172 -27 2 in (4-6cm).
Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect leaves in
a basal fan. Leafless stems bear loose spikes
of very fragrant, white flowers, sometimes
with a yellow blotch on the lowest petal,
2-3in (5-8cm) long. Z10-11 H12-6.

F. alba of gardens. See F. caryophyllacea.

F. armstrongii. See F. corymbosa.

F. caryophyllacea, syn. F. alba of
gardens, F. lactea, F. xanthospila. Late
winter- and spring-flowering corm.

H to 6in (15cm), S 172-27dn (4-6cm). Has
narrowly sword-shaped leaves growing at
an angle. Short, leafless stems bear spikes
of white, narrowly tubular flowers, l74-2in
(3-5cm) long, with the lower 3 petals
usually marked with yellow. Zll H12-6.

F. corymbosa, syn. F. armstrongii. Late
winter- and spring-flowering corm. H to
12in (30cm), S 172-27an (4-6cm). Has
narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal leaves.

579

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FREMONTODENDRON

Flower stem bends horizontally near the
top and bears a spike of unscented, upright,
pink flowers, lV-i-lVan (3-3.5cm) long, with
yellow bases. Z10-11 H12-6.

F. 'Golden Melody'. Winter- and
spring-flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm),

S 172-2V 2 in (4-6cm). Is similar to
F. corymbosa, but has larger, fragrant
flowers, yellow throughout. Z10-11 H12-6.

F. lactea. See F. caryophyllacea.

F. laxa. See Anomatheca laxa.

F 'Oberon'. Winter- and spring-flowering
corm. H to 16in (40cm), S IV2-2V2UI (4-6cm).
Has narrowly sword-shaped, erect, basal
leaves and yellow flowers, 172-2in (4-5cm)
long, light blood-red inside; the throats are
lemon-yellow with small, red veins. Z10-11
H12-6.

F refracta var. alba. See

F. caryophyllacea.

F. 'Romany'. Winter- and spring-flowering
corm. H to 12in (30cm), S 172-2V2in (4-6cm).
Is similar to F corymbosa, but has fragrant,
double, pale mauve flowers. Z10-11 H12-6.
F. 'White Swan'. Winter- and spring¬
flowering corm. H to 12in (30cm),

S l72-272in (4-6cm). Is similar to
F. corymbosa but has very fragrant, white
flowers with cream throats. Z10-11 H12-6.
F. xanthospila. See F. caryophyllacea.

Fremontia. See Fremontodendron.

FREMONTODENDRON

syn. FREMONTIA

Flannel bush

STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE

Genus of vigorous, evergreen or semi¬
evergreen shrubs, grown for their large,
very showy flowers. At the limits of
hardiness, plant against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Needs full sun and light, not
too rich, well-drained soil. In mild areas,
may be grown as a spreading shrub, but
needs firm staking when young. Resents
being transplanted. Propagate by semi-ripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall or
spring. ® Contact with the foliage and
shoots may irritate the skin.

F. 'California Glory', illus. p.206.

F. californicum (California flannel bush).
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen,
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when
grown against a wall. Large, saucer-shaped,
bright yellow flowers are borne amid dark
green leaves, each with 3 rounded lobes,
from late spring to mid-fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

F. mexicanum (Mexican flannel bush).
Vigorous, evergreen or semi-evergreen,
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m) when
grown against a wall. Dark green leaves have
5 deep, rounded lobes. Bears masses of large,
saucer-shaped, deep golden-yellow flowers
from late spring to mid-fall. Z9-10 H10-9.

F. 'Pacific Sunset'. Upright, evergreen
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10-12ft (3-4m).
Rounded, strongly lobed leaves are
dark green. In summer produces saucer¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers, to 272in
(6cm) across, with long, slender-pointed
lobes. Z9-10 H10-9.

FRITHIA

AIZOACEAE

580

Genus of one species of rosette-forming,
perennial succulent. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

F. pulchra, illus. p.485.

FRITILLARIA

Fritillary

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
for their pendent, mainly bell-shaped
flowers on leafy stems. Protect smaller,
2-6in (5-15cm) high species in cold frames
or cold greenhouses. Needs full sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil that
dries out slightly in summer when bulbs
are dormant but that does not become
sunbaked. Grow F. meleagris, which is
good for naturalizing in grass, in moist
soil. Propagate by offsets in summer or
by seed in fall or winter.

F. acmopetala , illus. p.406.

F. bucharica. Spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-14in (10-35cm), S 2in (5cm). Stems
each bear scattered, lance-shaped, gray-
green leaves and a raceme of up to 10
cup-shaped, green-tinged, white flowers,
5 /8- 3 /4in (1.5-2cm) long. Z8-10
F. camschatcensis, illus. p.403.

F. chitralensis. Spring- to early summer¬
flowering bulb. H 20-32in (50-80cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has ovate, mid- to light green
leaves and open umbels of 4 or 5 pendent,
conical, bright yellow flowers. Is similar to
F. imperialis. Z6-8 H8-6.

F. cirrhosa, illus. p.406.

F. crassifolia. Spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has
scattered, lance-shaped, gray leaves.

Stems each produce 1-3 bell-shaped,
green flowers, 3 /4-lin (2-2.5cm) long and
checkered with brown. Z6-8 H6-8.

F. delphinensis. See F tubiformis.

F. imperialis, illus. p.383. 'Lutea' illus.
p.382. 'Rubra Maximia' is a very robust,
spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 9-12in (23-30cm). Leafy stems each bear
lance-shaped, light green leaves in whorls
and a head of up to 5 widely bell-shaped,
red flowers, 2in (5cm) long, crowned by
small, leaf-like bracts.

F. meleagris, illus. p.402.

F. michailovskyi. Spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 2in (5cm). Has lance¬
shaped, gray leaves scattered on stem.
Bears 1-4 bell-shaped, purplish-brown
flowers, 3 /4-l 1 /4in (2-3cm) long, with upper
third of petals bright yellow. Z5-8 H8-5.

F. paliidiflora, illus. p.406.

F. persica, illus. p.382. 'Adiyaman' is a
spring-flowering bulb. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4in
(10cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, gray
leaves along stem. Produces a spike of
10-20 or more narrowly bell-shaped, deep
blackish-purple flowers, 5 /8- 3 Ain (1.5-2cm)
long. 'Ivory Bells' illus. p.382.

F. pontica, illus. p.406.

F. pudica, illus. p.422.

F. pyrenaica, illus. p.403.

F. raddeana, illus. p.382.

F. recurva, illus. p.383.

F. sewerzowii, syn. Korolkowia
sewerzowii. Spring-flowering bulb.

H 6-1 Oin (15-25cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).

Stems bear scattered, broadly lance¬
shaped leaves. Produces a spike of up to
10 narrowly bell-shaped, green or metallic
purplish-blue flowers, I-IV 2 U 1 (2.5-3.5cm)
long, with flared mouths. Z6-8 H8-6.

F. tubiformis, syn. F. delphinensis.
Spring-flowering bulb. H 6-14in (15-35cm),
S 2-3in (5-8cm). Stems bear scattered,
narrowly lance-shaped, gray leaves and
a solitary, broadly bell-shaped, purplish-

pink flower, l72-2in (3.5-5cm) long,
conspicuously checkered and suffused
gray outside. Z7-9 H9-7.

F. verticillata, illus. p.382.

FUCHSIA

ONAGRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their flowers, usually
borne from early summer to early fall. If
temperature remains above 39°F (4°C),
deciduous plants are evergreen, but
temperatures above 90°F (32°C) should
be avoided. Prolonged low temperatures
cause loss of top growth. If top growth
dies in winter, cut back to ground level
in spring. Needs a sheltered, partially
shaded position, except where stated
otherwise, and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. When grown as container
plants in a greenhouse, fuchsias also need
high-nitrogen feeds and, when flowering,
plenty of potash. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in any season.

Tubular flowers are almost always
pendulous and often bicolored, with petals
of one hue, and a tube and 4 sepals of
another. Leaves are oval and mid-green
unless otherwise stated. Spherical to
cylindrical, usually blackish-purple fruits
are edible, but mostly poor-flavored.
Upright types may be trained as compact
bushes or standards or, with more
difficulty, as pyramids. Lax or trailing
plants are good for hanging baskets, but
may be trained on trellises; if they are used
for summer bedding, they require staking.
Heights given in descriptions below are of
plants grown in frost-free conditions. See
also feature panels, p.154 (hardy fuchsias)
and p.302 (tender fuchsias).

F. 'Alice Hoffman'. Deciduous, compact
shrub. H and S 272ft (75cm). Has bronze
foliage and small, semi-double flowers with
rose-red tubes and sepals and rose-veined,
white petals. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. 'Annabel' (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm).
Produces large, double, pink-tinged, creamy-
white flowers amid pale green leaves.

Makes an excellent standard. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

F. 'Applause'. Deciduous, lax, upright
shrub. H 12-18in (30-40cm), S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Bears very large, double flowers
with short, thick, pale carmine tubes, very
broad, carmine sepals with a pale central
streak, and many, spreading, deep orange-
red petals. Produces best color in shade.
Needs staking as a bush, but will trail
with weights. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. arborea. SeeF. arborescens.

F. arborescens, syn. F. arborea (Lilac
fuchsia). Evergreen, upright tree. H 25ft
(8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Foliage is mid- to dark
green. Erect heads of tiny, pale mauve
to pink flowers, borne year-round, are
followed by black fruits with gray-blue
bloom. May also be grown as a container
plant. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Auntie Jinks'. Deciduous, trailing
shrub. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8-16in
(20-40cm). Bears small, single flowers
with pink-red tubes, cerise-margined,
white sepals and white-shaded, purple
petals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Autumnale', syn. F. 'Burning Bush'.
Deciduous, lax shrub, grown mainly for
its foliage. H 6ft (2m), S 20in (50cm). Bears

variegated red, gold and bronze leaves.
Flowers have red tubes and sepals with
reddish-purple petals. Is suitable for a
hanging basket or for training as a
weeping standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. x bacillaris, syn. F. parviflora of
gardens. Group of deciduous, lax shrubs.

H and S 272ft (75cm). Small leaves are mid-
to dark green. Bears minute, white, pink or
crimson flowers (color varying according
to sun), sometimes followed by glossy,
black fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden
or hanging basket. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Ballet Girl'. Deciduous, upright shrub.
H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 18-30in (45-75cm).
Produces large, double flowers with bright
cerise tubes and sepals, and white petals
with cerise veins at the base. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. 'Bicentennial', illus. p.302. Deciduous,
lax shrub. H 12-18in (30^5cm), S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Bears medium, double flowers
with thin, white tubes, orange sepals and
double corollas with magenta centers
surrounded by orange petals. Z9-11 HI 1-9.
F. boliviana. Fast-growing, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 3ft (lm). Has
large, soft, gray-green leaves with reddish
midribs. Long-tubed, scarlet flowers,
bunched at ends of branches, are followed
by edible, black fruits. Needs a large pot
and plenty of space to grow well. Resents
being pinched back. Is very susceptible to
whitefly. Z13-15 HI2-9. var. alba (syn.

F. boliviana var. luxurians 'Alba',

F. corymbiflora 'Alba') has flowers with
white tubes and sepals and scarlet petals,
followed by green fruits, var. luxurians
'Alba'. See F. boliviana var. alba.

F. 'Bon Accorde'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 20in (50cm).
Small, erect flowers have white tubes and
sepals and pale purple petals. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. 'Brookwood Belle'. Deciduous, lax,
bushy shrub with strong, short-jointed
stems. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm). Medium,
double flowers have deep cerise tubes and
sepals, and white petals flushed pink and
veined deep rose-pink. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Brutus'. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Single or semi¬
double flowers have crimson-red tubes and
sepals and deep purple petals. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. 'Burning Bush'. See F. Autumnale'.

F. California Dreamer Series.
Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and
S 18in (45cm). Produces very large, blowsy,
fully double flowers. Is ideal in a large
container. Z9-11 H12-9. 'Snowburner'
(illus. p.302) has wavy, horizontal, red
sepals and ruffled, white petals delicately
patterned with red veins. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Cascade'. Deciduous, trailing shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears red-tinged,
white tubes and sepals and deep carmine
petals. Is excellent in a hanging basket.
Z9-11 HI 2-9.

F. 'Celia Smedley' (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
(lm). Large, single or semi-double flowers
have greenish-white tubes, pale pinkish-
white sepals and currant-red petals. Is best
when trained as a standard. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Checkerboard'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub with strong stems. H 30-36in
(75-90cm), S 18-30in (45-75cm). Produces
medium, single flowers with slightly
recurved, long red tubes, red sepals
turning white and white-based, dark red
petals. Z9-11 H12-9.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FUCHSIA

F. 'Cloverdale Pearl'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Foliage is
mid-green with crimson midribs. Flowers
have pinkish-white tubes, pink-veined, white
petals and green-tipped, pink sepals. Is
readily trained as a standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Coquet Bell'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Has
a profusion of single or semi-double
flowers with pinkish-red tubes and sepals
and red-veined, pale mauve petals. Z9-11
H12-9.

F. 'Coralle', syn. F. 'Koralle' (illus. p.302).
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm).
Foliage is velvety and deep green. Salmon-
orange flowers, with long, narrow tubes
and small sepals and petals, are bunched
at branch ends. Is useful for summer
bedding and as a specimen plant.

Prefers sun. HI 1-9.

F. 'Corallina' (illus. p.154). Deciduous,
spreading shrub. H 16in (40cm), S 60in
(1.5m). Has burgundy-red stems and mid¬
green leaves flushed pink at the bases.
Pendent, medium flowers have narrow,
spreading, scarlet sepals and broader,
shorter, purple petals tinted red at the
bases. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. corymbiflora 'Alba'. See F. boliviana
var. alba.

F. 'Dancing Flame'. Deciduous, lax
shrub. H and S 18in (45cm). Strong stems
bear small, oval, deep green leaves. Double,
purple and blue flowers have bright pink
sepals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Dark Eyes'. Deciduous, bushy, upright
shrub. H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 24-30in
(60-75cm). Bears medium, double flowers
that hold their shape for a long period.
Tubes and upturned sepals are deep red,
and petals deep violet-blue. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. denticulata. Deciduous, straggling
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S indefinite. Leaves are
glossy, dark green above and reddish-
green beneath. Flowers have long, crimson
tubes, green-tipped, pale pink sepals and
vermilion petals. With good cultivation
under glass, flowers are borne in fall-
winter. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Display'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Bears
saucer-shaped flowers in shades of pink.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Dollar Princess'. See F. 'Dollar
Prinzessin'.

F. 'Dollar Prinzessin', syn. F. 'Dollar
Princess', illus. p.302. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Small,
double flowers have cerise-red tubes and
sepals and purple petals. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

F. 'Estelle Marie'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm). Flowers
with white tubes, green-tipped, white
sepals and mauve petals are borne above
foliage. Is excellent for summer bedding.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Flash'. Fast-growing, deciduous,
stiffly erect shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 20in
(50cm). Produces small, red flowers
amid small leaves. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Flirtation Waltz'. Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). Produces large, double
flowers with petals in shades of pink, and
white tubes and sepals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. fulgens, (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
upright shrub with tubers. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft
(lm). Long-tubed, orange flowers hang in
short clusters amid large, pale green leaves

and are followed by edible but acidic, green
fruits. Tubers may be stored dry for winter.
May also be propagated by division of
tubers in spring. Is highly susceptible to
whitefly. HI 1-9.

F. 'Garden News'. Deciduous, upright
shrub with strong stems. H and S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Medium, double flowers have
short, thick, pink tubes, frost-pink sepals
and magenta-rose petals becoming rose-
pink at the base. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Genii'. Deciduous, erect shrub. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 272ft (75cm). Has golden-green
foliage. Produces small flowers with cerise-
red tubes and sepals and reddish-purple
petals. Makes a good standard. Z9-11
H12-9.

F. 'Golden Dawn'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272ft (75cm). Flowers
are salmon-pink. Is good for training as a
standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Golden Marinka' (illus. p.302).
Deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S indefinite. Has red flowers and
variegated golden-yellow leaves with
red veins. Is excellent for a hanging
basket. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

F. 'Gruss aus dem Bodethal'.

Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). Small, single or semi¬
double, crimson flowers open almost
black, becoming larger and paler with
age. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Harry Gray'. Deciduous, lax shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears a profusion
of double flowers with pale pink tubes,
green-tipped, white sepals and white to
pale pink petals. Is excellent in a hanging
basket. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Heidi Weiss', syn. F. 'White Ann' of
gardens, F. 'White Heidi Ann' of gardens.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). Has double flowers with red
tubes and sepals and cerise-veined, white
petals. Is good for training as a standard.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Howlett's Hardy', (illus. p.154).
Deciduous, mound-forming shrub. H 16in
(40cm), S 24in (60cm). Dark red-purple
stems bear slightly bronzed, mid-green
leaves. Throughout summer produces
numerous, pendent, medium flowers with
spreading to reflexed, scarlet sepals and
bright purple petals veined red at the
bases. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Hula Girl'. Deciduous, trailing shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Bears large, double
flowers with deep rose-pink tubes and
sepals and pink-flushed, white petals.
Thrives in a large hanging basket or when
trained against a trellis. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Jack Shahan', (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
deciduous, trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S indefinite. Has large, pale to deep pink
flowers. Is excellent for a hanging basket
or for training into a weeping standard or
upright against a trellis. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Joanna Lumley' (illus. p.302).
Deciduous, semi-trailing shrub. H and
S 12-15in (30-38cm). Has large, double
flowers with rather upright, blushed white
sepals and lilac petals stained pink at the
bases. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Joy Patmore'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Rowers have white tubes, green-tipped,
white sepals and cerise petals with white
bases. Makes a good standard. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. 'Koralle'. See F. 'Coralle'.

F. 'La Campanella'. Deciduous, trailing
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has small,
semi-double flowers with white tubes,
pink-flushed, white sepals and cerise-
purple petals. Thrives in a hanging basket
or trained against a trellis. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. 'Lady Thumb', illus. p.152.

F. 'Lena'. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Bears double flowers with pale
pink sepals and tubes and pink-flushed,
purple petals. Makes a good standard.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Leonora', illus. p.301.

F. 'Love's Beward'. Deciduous, upright,
short-jointed shrub. H and S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Small to medium, single flowers
have white to pale pink tubes and sepals
and violet-blue petals. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. 'Lye's Unique' (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 3ft (lm). Has small flowers with long,
white tubes and sepals and orange-red
petals. Is excellent for training as a large
pyramid. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Madame Cornelissen' (illus. p.154).
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S to 3ft
(lm). Has long, white tubes and mauve-
red sepals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. magellanica (illus. p.154). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Small
flowers with red tubes, long, red sepals and
purple petals are followed by black fruits.
Z6-9 H9-6. 'Alba' see F. magellanica var.
molinae. var. gracilis (illus. p.154), H 32in
(80cm) S 1.2m (48in), is a compact, mound¬
forming shrub with rich red stems and
pendent, medium flowers with narrow,
slightly spreading, scarlet sepals and
shorter, deep purple petals, var. molinae
(syn. F. magellanica 'Alba') has very pale
pink flowers, var. molinae 'Enstone'
has gold and green, variegated foliage,
var. molinae 'Sharpitor' produces
cream and pale green, variegated leaves.
'Thompsonii' (illus. p.154), H 5ft (1.5m),

S 3ft (lm), has bright red sepals and purple
petals, red-tinted at the bases.

F. 'Margaret Brown'. Deciduous, free-
flowering, upright shrub. H and S 2—3ft (60—
90cm). Has strong stems and light green
foliage, and bears small, single, 2-tone pink
flowers in summer. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. 'Marinka'. Deciduous, trailing shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Red flowers with
darker petals that are folded at outer edges
are produced amid dark green leaves with
crimson midribs. Foliage becomes
discolored in full sun or cold winds. Is
excellent in a hanging basket. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. 'Micky Goult'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm).
Small flowers, with white tubes, pink-
tinged, white sepals and pale purple petals,
are produced amid pale green foliage.

Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Mieke Meursing'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Single to
semi-double flowers have red tubes and
sepals and pale pink petals with cerise
veins. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. Mojo Series. Deciduous, bushy, well-
branched shrub. H 10-14in (25-35cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Produces small,
nodding or slightly outward-facing,
bicolored flowers from mid-spring to fall
in a range of color combinations. Z9-11
H12-9. 'Beebop' (illus. p.302) has slightly
upturned, pale pink sepals and magenta
petals, paler at the bases.

F. 'Mrs. Lovell Swisher' (illus. p.302).
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 18-24in
(45-60cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Produces
masses of small, single flowers with flesh-
pink tubes, pinkish-white sepals and deep
rose-pink petals. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Mrs. Popple' (illus. p.154). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 272ft (75cm). Has flowers with red tubes,
overhanging, red sepals and purple petals.
In a sheltered area may be grown as a
hedge. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Mrs. Bundle'. Vigorous, deciduous,
lax shrub. H and S 272ft (75cm). Produces
large flowers with long, pink tubes, green-
tipped, pink sepals and vermilion petals. Is
good for training as a standard or growing
in a large hanging basket. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Nancy Lou'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Large,
double flowers have pink tubes, upright,
green-tipped, pink sepals and bright white
petals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Nellie Nuttall' (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). Rowers, with rose-red tubes
and sepals and white petals, are borne well
above foliage. Is especially suitable for
summer bedding; is also good as a
standard. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Other Fellow'. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 27zft (75cm). Has
small flowers with white tubes and sepals
and pink petals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Pacquesa'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm).
Has flowers with deep red tubes and sepals
and red-veined, white petals. Is good for
training as a standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. parviflora of gardens. See F. x baciUaris.
F. 'Peppermint Stick'. Deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Double,
carmine-red flowers have a central, white
stripe and royal purple sepals. Z9-11 H12-9.
F. Phyllis'. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Single to semi-double
flowers, with rose-red tubes and sepals
and crimson petals, are followed by masses
of black fruits. In a sheltered area may be
grown as a hedge. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Pink Fantasia'. Deciduous, stiff,
upright shrub. H 12-18in (30-40cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm). Bears single, upward-
looking flowers, in profusion, with white
tubes and sepals blushed dark pink, and
dark purple petals, veined pink, with white
bases. Is excellent for a border or pot.

Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Pink Galore' (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite. Has
large, double, pale pink flowers. Thrives in
a large hanging basket or when trained
against a trellis. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. procumbens (Trailing fuchsia).
Deciduous, prostrate shrub. H 4in (10cm),

S indefinite. Produces tiny, erect, petalless,
yellow-tubed flowers with purple sepals
and bright blue pollen. Has small, dark
green leaves and large, red fruits. Is
suitable for a rock garden as well as a
hanging basket. Encourage flowering by
root restriction or growing in poor, sandy
soil. Z9-11 HI2-9.

F. 'Bed Spider' (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
trailing shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S indefinite.

Has long, red flowers with long, narrow,
spreading sepals and darker petals. Is best
in a large hanging basket or when trained
against a trellis. Z9-11 Hll-9.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

FUCHSIA

F. 'Riccartonii' (illus. p.154). Deciduous,
stiff, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Has small flowers with red tubes, broad,
overhanging, red sepals and purple petals.
In a sheltered area may be grown as a
hedge. Many plants sold under name of
F. 'Riccartoni' are lax hybrids of F.
magellanica. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

F. 'Rose Fantasia'. Deciduous, stiff,
upright shrub. H 12-18in (30-40cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm). Produces single,
upward-looking flowers, in profusion,
with rose-pink tubes, dark rose-pink sepals
with green tips and red-purple petals,
veined rose-pink. Is excellent in a border
or pot. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Rose of Castile'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Produces small flowers with white tubes,
green-tipped, white sepals and purple-
flushed, pink petals. Makes a good
standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Rough Silk'. Vigorous, deciduous,
trailing shrub. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite.

Bears large flowers with pink tubes, long,
spreading, pink sepals and wine-red petals.
Thrives in a large hanging basket or when
trained against a trellis. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Royal Velvet'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272ft (75cm).
Has large, double flowers with red tubes
and sepals and deep purple petals,
splashed deep pink. Makes an excellent
standard. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Rufus' (illus. p.154). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 272ft (75cm). Has a profusion of small,
bright red flowers. Is easily trained as a
standard. Z9-11 HI 1-9.

F. Shadowdancer Series. Deciduous,
bushy, well-branched shrubs. H and
S 8-12in (20-30cm). Produce small single
flowers and bloom continuously from
spring to late summer or fall. Is ideal in a
small container or as edging. Z9-11 H12-9.
Peggy ('Goetzpeg'), (illus. p.302) has pale
pink sepals and rich pink petals tinted in
vivid orange.

F. 'Shelford'. Deciduous, upright,
short-jointed shrub. H 14-20in (35-50cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm). Bears masses of
medium-sized, single flowers with slightly
fluted, baby-pink tubes, long, narrow,
baby-pink sepals and white petals with
slight pink veining at the base. Is suitable
for all forms of training. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. splendens. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Small flowers, with
broad, orange tubes, pinched in their
middles, and short, green sepals and petals,
are produced in spring amid pale green
foliage. Is extremely susceptible to whitefly.
Z9-11 H12-9.

582

F. 'Strawberry Delight'. Deciduous,
lax shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Leaves are
yellowish-green and slightly bronzed.
Produces large, double flowers with red
tubes and sepals and pink-flushed, white
petals. Is excellent as a standard or in a
hanging basket. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Sunray' (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S to 28in (70cm).
White-edged, light green leaves are
sometimes pink flushed. Red-violet flowers,
with deep pink sepals, are borne freely in
summer-fall. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Swingtime' (illus. p.302). Vigorous,
deciduous, lax shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Has
large, double flowers with red tubes and

sepals and red-veined, creamy-white
petals. Makes a good standard or hanging
basket plant. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Texas Longhorn'. Deciduous, lax
shrub. H and S 272ft (75cm). Produces very
large, double flowers with red tubes, long,
spreading, red sepals and cerise-veined,
white petals. Grow as a standard or in a
hanging basket. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Thalia' (illus. p.302). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Foliage is
dark maroon and velvety. Long, slender
flowers, with long, red tubes, small, red
sepals and small, orange-red petals, are
bunched at ends of branches. Makes an
excellent specimen plant in summer
bedding schemes. Prefers a position in full
sun. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. thymifolia. Deciduous, lax shrub. H and
S 3ft (lm). Has pale green foliage and a few
minute, greenish-white flowers that age to
purplish-pink. Bears black fruits on female
plants if pollen-bearing plants of this
species or of F. x bacillaris are also grown.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'Tom Thumb' (illus. p.154). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears
small flowers with red tubes and sepals and
mauve-purple petals. May be trained as a
miniature standard. Z9-11 Hll-9.

F. 'Tom West'. Deciduous, upright, lax
shrub. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has
green and cream variegated foliage and
small, single flowers with red tubes and
sepals and purple petals. Z9-11 H12-9.

F. triphylla. Deciduous, upright shrub,
sometimes confused with F. 'Thalia'. H and
S 20in (50cm). Spikes of narrow, long-
tubed, bright reddish-orange flowers, with
small petals and sepals, are borne above
dark bronze-green leaves that are purple
beneath. Is very difficult to grow. Z9-11
H12-9. 'Firecracker' (illus. p.302) has
pink-veined, olive-green leaves edged in
cream and bears bright orange flowers.

F. 'Waveny Gem'. Deciduous, trailing
shrub. H and S 12-18in (30-45cm).

Produces medium, single, white and
mauve-pink flowers from early summer.
Z9-11 H12-9.

F. 'White Ann' of gardens. See F. 'Heidi
Weiss'.

F. 'White Heidi Ann' of gardens. See
F. 'Heidi Weiss'.

F. 'Whiteknights Pearl'. Deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm) or more. In
summer-fall freely produces small, single
flowers with long, thin, white tubes, pale
pink sepals with small green tips and clear
pink corollas with rounded petals. Z9-11
H12-9.

F. Windchimes Series. Deciduous, semi-
trailing, slightly mound-forming shrubs.

H and S 18in (45cm). Produces single
flowers continuously from spring to late
summer or early fall. Is suitable for a
hanging basket or at the edge of a large
container, as well as in a border. Z9-11
HI2-9. Windchimes Pink and White
('Kiefuwind'), illus. p.302, has narrow,
salmon-pink sepals and white petals.

F. 'Winston Churchill'. Deciduous,
bushy, upright, extremely free-flowering
shrub. H and S 18-30in (45-75cm).

Produces medium, fully double flowers
with green-tipped, pink tubes, broad,
reflexed sepals and lavender-blue corollas,
maturing purple. Is good for summer
bedding, or when trained as a standard in
a container. Z9-11 HI2-9.

G

GAGEA

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
for their clusters of funnel- or star-shaped,
white or yellow flowers. Is suitable for
rock gardens. Prefers full sun and well-
drained soil that does not become too
hot and dry. Dies down in summer.
Propagate by division in spring or fall
or by seed in fall.

G. graeca, syn. Lloydia graeca. Spring¬
flowering bulb. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 174-2in
(3-5cm). Threadlike, semierect leaves form
at ground level and on wiry stems. Bears
up to 5 widely funnel-shaped, purple-
veined, white flowers, 72- 3 Ain (1-1.5cm)
long. Z7-9 H9-7.

G. peduncularis. Spring-flowering bulb.
H 2-6in (5-15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Has
threadlike, semierect leaves at base and
on stem. Produces a loose head of flat,
star-shaped, yellow flowers, Vs-UAin
(1.5-3cm) across, with green stripes
outside. Z6-9 H9-6.

GAILLARDIA

Blanket flower

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals
and perennials that tend to be short-lived.
Requires sun and prefers well-drained
soil. May need staking. Propagate species
by seed in fall or spring, selected forms by
root cuttings in winter.

G. aristata. Upright, rather open
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).

Has large, terminal, daisylike, single flower
heads, yellow with red centers, in summer,
and aromatic, divided leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

G. x grandiflora 'Dazzler' Upright,
rather open perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 20in (50cm). Bears large, terminal,
daisylike, yellow-tipped, red flower heads
for a long period in summer. Leaves are
soft and divided. 'Wirral Flame' is a
clump-forming, short-lived perennial
with deep cardinal-red flower heads in
summer. Leaves are lance-shaped, lobed
and soft green.

G. 'Oranges and Lemons', illus. p.277.

G. pule hell a (Blanket flower, Indian
blanket). Moderately fast-growing, upright
annual or short-lived perennial. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
hairy, grayish-green leaves and, in
summer, daisylike, double, crimson-zoned,
yellow, pink, or red flower heads. Z10-11
H12-1. 'Lollipops', illus. p.327.

GALANTHUS

Snowdrop

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
white flowers, one on each slender
stem between 2 basal leaves. Is easily
recognized by its 3 large, outer petals
and 3 small, inner ones forming a cup,
which is green-marked. Needs a cool,
partially shaded position and rich,
moist soil. Do not allow bulbs to dry out
excessively. Propagate by division in

FURCRAEA

ACAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of perennial succulents, grown
for their dense clusters of sword-shaped,
fleshy, toothed leaves in terminal or basal
rosettes; rosettes die after flowering.
Resembles Agave, but has short-tubed
flowers. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. Protect from winter wet.
Propagate by bulbils, borne on lower
stems, when developed.

F. bedinghausii. See F. parmentieri.

F. foetida, syn. F. gigantea. Basal-rosetted,
perennial succulent. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m).
Has broadly sword-shaped, fleshy, mid¬
green leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with edges
toothed only at the base. Flower stems, to
25ft (8m), produce scented, bell-shaped,
green flowers, which are white within,
in summer. Z10-15 H12-10. var.
mediopicta. See F. foetida 'Mediopicta'.
'Mediopicta', (syn. F. foetida var.
mediopicta, F. foetida 'Variegata') illus.
p.481. 'Variegata'. SeeF. foetida
'Mediopicta'.

F. gigantea. See F. foetida.

F. parmentieri , syn. F. bedinghausii.
Basal-rosetted, perennial succulent. H 24in
(60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has sword-shaped,
minutely toothed, glaucous, mid-green
leaves. In summer produces a pyramidal,
erect spike, to 6ft (2m) long, with drooping
branches and clusters of 2-4 creamy
flowers, lVt-RAin (3-4cm), followed by
numerous bulbils. Often incorrectly
labelled F. longaeva. Z10-12 H12-9.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

spring after flowering or during late
summer or fall when bulbs are dormant.
® All parts may cause mild stomach
upset if ingested; contact with the bulbs
may irritate skin.

G. 'Atkinsii', illus. p.427.

G. elwesii, illus. p.427.

G. gracilis, syn. G. graecus, illus. p.427.
G. graecus. See G. gracilis.

G. 'Hill Poe', illus. p.427.

G. ikariae, illus. p.427.

G. nivalis. Late winter- and early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Produces narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, gray-green, basal leaves.
Flowers, 3 /4-lin (2-2.5cm) long, have a
green mark at the tip of each inner petal.
Z3-8 H8-1. 'Flore Pleno', illus. p.427.
'Lutescens'. See G. nivalis 'Sandersii'.
'Pusey Green Tip', illus. p.427.
'Sandersii', syn. G. nivalis 'Lutescens',
illus. p.428. 'Scharlockii', illus. p.428.
'Viridapicicis' has a very long spathe,
sometimes split in 2, and green marks
on the outer tepals.

G. plicatus subsp. byzantinus , illus.
p.427. subsp. plicatus is a late winter-
and early spring-flowering bulb. H 4-8in
(10-20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Bears broadly
strap-shaped, semierect, deep green,
basal leaves that have gray bands along
the centers and reflexed margins. White
flowers, W-lV-dn (2-3cm) long, have a
green patch at the tip of each inner petal.
G. rizehensis, illus. p.428.

G. woronowii, illus. p.428.

GALAX

Wandflower

DIAPENS1ACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen
perennial, grown for its foliage and
flowers, borne in late spring and
summer. Is useful for underplanting
shrubs. Requires shade and moist,
peaty, acidic soil. Propagate by division
of rooted runners in spring.

G. aphylla. See G. urceolata.

G. urceolata, syn. G. aphylla, illus. p.336.

GALEGA

Goafs rue

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Grow in an open, sunny position and
well-drained soil. Requires staking.
Propagate by seed in fall or by division
in winter.

G. x hartlandii 'Lady Wilson', illus.

p.218.

G. 'Her Majesty'. See G. 'His Majesty'.

G. 'His Majesty', syn. G. 'Her Majesty'.
Vigorous, upright perennial. H to 5ft
(1.5m), S 3ft (lm). In summer produces
spikes of small, pealike, clear lilac-mauve
and white flowers. Bold, oblong to lance¬
shaped leaves are divided into oval leaflets.
Z5-11 H12-5.

G. orientalis, illus. p.239.

GALIUM

Bedstraw

RUB1ACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
perennials, many of which are weeds;

G. odoratum is cultivated as groundcover.

Prefers partial shade, but tolerates sun,
and thrives in well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in early spring or fall.

G. odoratum, syn. Asperula odorata,
illus. p.263.

GALTONIA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
bulbs, grown for their spikes of pendent,
funnel-shaped, white or green flowers.
Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile,
well-drained soil that does not dry out in
summer. Dies down in winter. May be
lifted for replanting in spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or by offsets in fall
or spring.

G. candicans , illus. p.383.

G. viridiflora, illus. p.393.

GARDENIA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and foliage.

Prefers partial shade and rich, well-
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container specimens freely when in
full growth, moderately at other times.

After flowering, shorten strong shoots
to maintain a shapely habit. Propagate
by greenwood cuttings in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
and mealy bug may cause problems.

G. augusta. See G. jasminoides.

G. capensis. See Rothmannia capensis.

G. florida. See G. jasminoides.

G. grandiflora. See G. jasminoides.

G. jasminoides, syn. G. augusta,

G. florida, G. grandiflora. Z8-11 H12-7.
'Veitchii', illus. p.454.

G. rothmannia. See Rothmannia capensis.
G. thunbergia. Evergreen, bushy shrub
with white stems. H and S to 6ft (2m)
or more. Has elliptic, glossy, deep green
leaves. Fragrant, 7-9-petaled, white
flowers, 272-4in (6-10cm) wide, are borne
in winter-spring. Z8-11 H12-8.

GARRYA

GARRYACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their catkins in winter and
spring, which are longer and more
attractive on male plants. Hard frosts
may damage catkins. Requires a sheltered,
sunny site and tolerates any poor soil. Is
suitable for a south- or west-facing wall.
Dislikes being transplanted. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

G. eiliptica. Bushy, dense shrub. H and
S 12ft (4m). Has leathery, wavy-edged,
dark green leaves. Gray-green catkins
are borne from mid-winter to early spring.
Z8-11 HI 1-8. 'James Roof', illus. p.211.
has very long, gray-green catkins with
yellow anthers.

GASTERIA

LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE

Genus of perennial succulents, grown for
their thick, fleshy leaves, usually arranged
in a fan, later becoming a tight rosette.
Needs sun or partial shade and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed, leaf
cuttings or division in spring or summer.

G. bicolor var. bicolor, syn.

G. caespitosa Fan-shaped, perennial
succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces triangular, thick, dark green
leaves, 6in (15cm) long, with horny
borders. Upper leaf surfaces have
numerous white or pale green dots, usually
in diagonal rows. Bears spikes of bell¬
shaped, orange-green flowers in spring,
var. liliputana, syn. G. liliputana, illus.
p.480.

G. caespitosa. See G. bicolor var. bicolor.
G. carinata var. verrucosa, syn.

G. verrucosa, illus. p.480.

G. liliputana. See G. bicolor var. liliputana.
G. verrucosa. See G. carinata var.
verrucosa.

x Gaulnettya 'Pink Pixie'. See

Gaultheria 'Pink Pixie'.

x Gaulnettya 'Wisley Pearl'. See

Gaultheria 'Wisley Pearl'.

GAULTHERIA

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs,
grown for their foliage, flowers and fruits.
Prefers shade or semi-shade and requires
moist, peaty, acidic soil. Tolerates sun
provided the soil is permanently moist.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall; increase G. shallon and
G. trichophylla by division in fall or spring.
(D All parts may cause mild stomach upset
if ingested, except the fruits, which are
edible.

G. cuneata, illus. p.346.

G. forrestii. Evergreen, rounded shrub.

H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oblong, glossy,
dark green leaves and racemes of small,
fragrant, rounded, white flowers, in
spring, followed by rounded, blue
fruits. Z7-8 H8-7.

G. miqueliana. Evergreen, compact
shrub. H and S lOin (25cm). Has oval,
leathery leaves clothing stiff stems. In
late spring produces bell-shaped, pink-
tinged, white flowers, up to 6 per stem,
followed by rounded, white or pink fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6.

G. mucronata, syn. Pernettya mucronata.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub, spreading
by underground stems. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Oval, prickly, glossy, dark green leaves set
off tiny, urn-shaped, white flowers in late
spring and early summer. Spherical, fleshy
fruit are produced and these vary in color
between cultivars. Sprays of fruit are good
for indoor display. Z8-9 H9-8. Fruits of
'Cherry Ripe' (female) are large and
bright cherry-red. 'Edward Balls' (male)
produces sturdy, upright, red shoots and
sharply spined, bright green leaves.
'Mulberry Wine' (female), illus. p.164.
'Wintertime' (female), illus. p.163.

G. myrsinoides, syn. G. prostrata,
Pernettya prostrata. Evergreen, spreading
shrub. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more. Bears oval, leathery, dark green
leaves. Urn-shaped, white flowers are
produced in early summer and are
followed by large, rounded, blue-purple
fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or
peat bed. Z7-8 H8-7.

G. nummularioides . Evergreen, compact
shrub. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 8in (20cm).
Leaves are oval to heart-shaped and
leathery. Egg-shaped, pink-flushed, white
flowers are produced from the upper leaf

GAZAN IA

axils in late spring or summer. Produces
rounded, blue-black fruits, but only rarely.
Z7-8 H8-7.

G. procumbens, illus. p.373.

G. prostrata. See G. myrsinoides.

G. pumila , syn. Pernettya pumila.
Evergreen, mat-forming, creeping shrub.

H 2in (5cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Prostrate
branches bear tiny, bell-shaped, white
flowers in early summer among tiny,
rounded, leathery leaves. Rounded fruits
are pink or white. Is good for a rock
garden or peat bed. Z7-8 H8-7.

G. shallon, illus. p.154.

G. tasmanica, syn. Pernettya tasmanica.
Evergreen, mat-forming shrub. H 2-3in
(5-8cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oval, toothed,
leathery leaves with wavy edges. Bell¬
shaped, white flowers in early summer
are followed by rounded, red fruits. Is
good for a rock garden or peat bed.

Z8-9 H9-8.

G. trichophylla. Evergreen, compact
shrub with creeping, underground
stems. H 3-6in (7-15cm), S 8in (20cm).
Bell-shaped, pink flowers in early summer
are followed by egg-shaped, blue fruits
produced from leaf axils. Leaves are
small and oval. Z6-8 H8-6.

G. x wisleyensis. Evergreen, dense,
bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Bears
broadly oval, deeply veined, dark
green leaves. Small, urn-shaped, pale
pink flowers, produced in late spring
and early summer, are followed by
spherical, purplish-red fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Pink Pixie', syn. x Gaulnettya 'Pink Pixie'
'Wisley Pearl', syn. x Gaulnettya 'Wisley
Pearl', illus. p.145.

GAURA

ONAGRACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals
and perennials that are sometimes
short-lived. Prefers full sun and light,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
or semiripe cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall or spring.

G. lindheimeri, illus. p.231. Bushy
perennial. H 36in (90cm), S 24in (60cm).

In summer produces racemes of star¬
shaped, pink-suffused, white flowers.
Leaves are lance-shaped and mid-green.
'Rosyjane', illus. p.301.

GAYLUSSACIA

Huckleberry

ERICACEAE

Genus of deciduous, occasionally
evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers,
fruits and fall color. Needs sun or partial
shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

G. baccata. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 3ft (lm). Oval, sticky, dark green
leaves redden in fall. Produces clusters of
small, urn-shaped, dull red flowers in late
spring, then edible, spherical, black fruits.
Z3-7 H7-1.

GAZAN IA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, often
grown as annuals and useful for summer
bedding, pots and tubs. Requires sun and

583

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GELSEMIUM

sandy soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
by heel cuttings in spring or summer.

G. Daybreak Series. Carpeting
perennials, grown as annuals. H and
S 8in (20cm). Have lance-shaped leaves
and, in summer, large, daisylike flower
heads in a mixture of orange, yellow, pink,
bronze and white. Flowers remain open
in dull weather. Z8-10 H10-8. 'Daybreak
Bright Yellow', illus. p.323.

G. Kiss Series 'Kiss Orange Flame',
illus. p.324.

G. pinnata. Mat-forming perennial.

H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Daisylike,
orange-red flower heads, with central,
black rings, are borne singly in early
summer above oval, finely cut, hairy,
bluish-gray leaves. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. rigens var. uniflora, syn. G. uniflora.
Mat-forming perennial, grown as an
annual in all except mildest areas. H 9in
(23cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Yellow or
orange-yellow flower heads, sometimes
with central white spots, are borne singly
in early summer above rosettes of narrow,
silver-backed leaves. Z8-10 H10-6.

G. Talent Series. Vigorous perennials.

H and S to lOin (25cm). Have highly
ornamental, mid-green leaves, to 6in
(15cm) long, gray-felted on both surfaces.
In summer produce solitary, yellow,
orange, pink or brown flower heads
on short stems just above the leaves.

Z8-10 H10-8.

G. uniflora. See G. rigens var. uniflora.

GELSEMIUM

ASTERACEAE/GELSEMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their fragrant, jasmine-like
flowers. In cool climates, is best grown
under glass. Needs full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water regularly, less
in cold weather. Support stems and thin
them out after flowering or during spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

G. sempervirens, (Carolina jasmine,
Carolina sweet jessamine), illus. p.195.

GENISTA

Broom

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

584

Genus of deciduous, sometimes almost
leafless, shrubs and trees, grown for their
mass of small, pealike flowers. Does best
in full sun and not over-rich, well-drained
soil. Resents being transplanted. Propagate
species by softwood or semiripe cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall, selected forms
by softwood cuttings only in summer.

G. aetnensis, illus. p.89.

G. cinerea, illus. p.116.

G. delphinensis, syn. G. sagittalis subsp.
delphinensis, Chamaespartium sagittale
subsp. delphinense. Deciduous, prostrate
shrub. H Vain (1cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
tangled, winged branches, covered with
minute, oval, dark green leaves. Masses of
golden-yellow flowers are produced along
stems in early summer. Is suitable for a
rock garden or wall. Z5-8 H8-5.

G. fragrans. See G. x spachiana.

G. hispanica, illus. p.160.

G. lydia, illus. p.345.

G. pilosa. Deciduous, domed shrub.

H and S 12in (30cm). Narrowly oval leaves

are silky-haired beneath. Bright yellow
flowers on short stalks are borne in leaf
axils in summer. Is useful on a bank or
as groundcover. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Z9-11 H12-9.

G. sagittalis, syn. Chamaespartium
sagittale, illus. p.373. subsp. delphinensis.
See G. delphinensis.

G. x spachiana, syn. G. fragrans, Cytisus
canariensis, Cytisus racemosus. Vigorous,
evergreen, arching shrub. H and S 10ft
(3m). Has dark green leaves with 3 oval
leaflets. Produces long, slender clusters of
fragrant, golden-yellow flowers in winter
and early spring. Is often grown as a
houseplant. Z9-11 H12-9.

G. tenera 'Golden Shower', illus. p.116.
G. tinctoria, illus. p.148. 'Royal Gold'
is a deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 3ft
(lm). Produces long, conical panicles of
golden-yellow flowers, in spring-summer,
and narrowly lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

GENTIANA

Gentian

GENTIANACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials, and perennials,
some of which are semievergreen or
evergreen, grown for their usually blue
flowers. Is excellent for rock gardens and
peat beds. Prefers sun or partial shade
and rich, moist but well-drained, neutral
to acidic soil. Some species grow naturally
on limestone soils. Propagate by division or
offshoots in spring or by seed in fall. Divide
fall-flowering species and G. clusii every
3 years in early spring and replant in fresh
soil. See also feature panel p.370.

G. acaulis, syn. G. excisa, G. kochiana,
illus. p.370. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H in leaf 3 /4in (2cm), S to 4in
(10cm) or more. Has narrowly oval, glossy
leaves and trumpet-shaped, deep blue
flowers, with green-spotted throats, on
short stems in spring and often in fall.
Tolerates alkaline soil. Z5-8 H8-5.

G. angustifolia. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes of oblong, dull
green leaves and, in summer, solitary,
tubular, sky-blue flowers on 3in (7cm)
stems. Tolerates alkaline soils. Z6-8 H8-6.

G. asclepiadea, illus. p.250.

G. 'Blue Silk', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes
of lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In
late summer and fall produces upright,
trumpet-shaped, deep blue flowers,
banded white and dark blue on the outer
surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z4-7 H7-4.

G. clusii. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 6-9in (15-23cm).
Has rosettes of oval, glossy, dark green
leaves. Trumpet-shaped, azure-blue
flowers, with green-spotted, paler throats,
are borne on l-4in (2.5-10cm) stems in
early summer. Tolerates alkaline soil.

Z7-9 H9-7.

G. 'Ettrick', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.

In late summer and fall produces upright,
trumpet-shaped, clear white flowers,
flecked with blue spots on the inner
surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. 'Eugen's Allerbester', illus. p.370.
Vigorous, evergreen, procumbent
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to 8in (20cm) or
more. Has basal rosettes of linear, mid¬
green leaves. In late summer and fall
produces upright, trumpet-shaped, double,
deep blue flowers, banded white on the
outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5-7
H7-5.

G. excisa. See G. acaulis.

G. gracilipes. Semievergreen, tufted
perennial with arching stems. H 6in (15cm),
S 8in (20cm). Forms a central rosette of
long, strap-shaped, dark green leaves from
which lax flower stems bearing tubular,
dark purplish-blue flowers, greenish
within, are produced in summer. Tolerates
some shade. Z6-8 H8-6.

G. 'Inverleith', illus. p.370. Vigorous,
evergreen, procumbent perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S to 5in (12cm) or more.

Has basal rosettes of linear to lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. In late summer
produces upright, trumpet-shaped, bright
blue flowers, banded green on the outer
surfaces. Requires acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. kochiana. See G. acaulis.

G. lutea, illus. p.243.

G. x macaulayi 'Wells's Variety',
syn. G. 'Wellsii', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
prostrate perennial. H in flower 2in (5cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has trumpet-shaped, mid¬
blue flowers in late summer and fall.
Spreading stems are clothed in narrow,
mid-green leaves. Requires moist, acidic
soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. ornata. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial with small,
overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm),

S 4in (10cm). Forms a central rosette
of grasslike leaves. In fall, each stem tip
carries an upright, bell-shaped, mid-blue
flower, with a white throat and deep
blue stripes shading to creamy-white
outside. Requires acidic soil and a moist
atmosphere. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. saxosa, illus. p.370. Evergreen,
hummock-forming perennial. H 2in (5cm),

S 6in (15cm). Is clothed in small, spoon¬
shaped, fleshy, dark green leaves. Produces
small, upturned, bell-shaped, white flowers
in early summer. Is a short-lived scree
plant. Tolerates alkaline soil. Z4-8 H8-1.

G. scabra. Deciduous, upright perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has
long, ovate to lance-shaped, deep green
leaves borne in opposite pairs on
herbaceous stems. Narrowly bell-shaped,
deep blue flowers are borne in terminal
clusters and also in pairs in upper leaf axils
in mid-fall. Requires acidic soil. Z4-8 H8-4.
G. septemfida, illus. p.346.

G. 'Shot Silk', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm),

S to 5in (12cm) or more. Has basal
rosettes of linear to lance-shaped, deep
green leaves. In late summer and fall
produces upright, trumpet-shaped,
silky, deep purple-blue flowers, banded
green and purple on the outer surfaces.
Requires acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. sino-ornata, illus. p.370. Evergreen,
prostrate, spreading perennial. H in flower
2in (5cm), S to 12in (30cm). In fall bears
trumpet-shaped, rich blue flowers singly
at the ends of stems. Leaves are narrow.
Requires acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. 'Soutra', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
procumbent, perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to

5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
linear to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.

In late summer and fall produces upright,
trumpet-like, white flowers, suffused pale
green on the outer surfaces. Requires
acidic soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. 'Strathmore', illus. p.370. Evergreen,
procumbent perennial. H 2in (5cm), S to
5in (12cm) or more. Has basal rosettes of
linear to lance-shaped, pale green leaves.

In late summer and fall produces upright,
trumpet-shaped, blue-mauve flowers,
with vertical, greenish-white stripes on
the outer surfaces. Requires acidic soil.

Z5-7 H7-5.

G. 'Susan Jane'. Vigorous,
semievergreen, spreading perennial with
small, overwintering rosettes. H 2in (5cm),

S 12in (30cm). Prostrate stems bear
grasslike leaves. Large, trumpet-shaped,
white-throated, deep blue flowers, greenish
within, are produced in fall. Requires acidic
soil. Z5-7 H7-5.

G. verna, illus. p.356.

G. 'Wellsii'. See G. x macaulayi
'Wells's Variety'.

GERANIUM

Cranesbill

GERAN IACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
semievergreen, grown for their flowers and
often as groundcover. Compact species are
suitable for rock gardens. Most species
prefer sun, but some do better in shade.
Tolerates all but waterlogged soils.
Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed or division in fall or
spring, cultivars by division or cuttings only.
G. anemonifolium. See G. palmatum.

G. 'Ann Folkard'. Spreading perennial.

H 20in (50cm), S 36in (lm). Has rounded,
deeply cut, yellowish-green leaves and,
in summer-fall, masses of shallowly cup¬
shaped, rich magenta flowers with black
veins. Z5-9 H9-3.

G. armenum. See G. psilostemon.

G. cinereum (Grayleaf cranesbill).
Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with
spreading flowering stems. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has cup-shaped flowers,
either white to pale pink, strongly veined
with purple, or pure white, on lax stems in
late spring and summer. Basal leaves are
rounded, deeply divided, soft and gray-
green. Is good for a large rock garden.

Z5-9 H9-5. 'Ballerina', illus. p.366.
var. subcaulescens. See G.
subcaulescens.

G. clarkei 'Kashmir Purple', syn.

G. pratense 'Kashmir Purple' Carpeting,
rhizomatous perennial. H and S 18-24in
(45-60cm). Bears loose clusters of cup¬
shaped, deep purple flowers in summer.
Rounded leaves are deeply divided and
finely veined. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Kashmir
White', syn. G. pratense 'Kashmir White'
illus. p.263.

G. dalmaticum, illus. p.363.

G. endressii. Semievergreen, compact,
carpeting perennial. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has small, lobed leaves
and cup-shaped, rose-pink flowers borne
throughout summer. Z5-8 H9-1.

'Wargrave Pink'. See G. x oxonianum
'Wargrave Pink'.

G. farreri. Rosetted perennial with a
taproot. H 4in (10cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm)

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

or more. Outward-facing, flattish, very
pale mauve-pink flowers set off blue-
black anthers in early summer. Has
kidney-shaped, matt green leaves. Both
flower and leaf stems are red. Z4-7 H7-1.

G. grandiflorum. See G. himalayense.

G. himalayense, syn. G. grandiflorum ,

G. meeboldii (Lilac geranium). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 24in
(60cm). Has large, cup-shaped, violet-blue
flowers borne on long stalks in summer
over dense tufts of neatly cut leaves.

Z4-7 H7-1.

G. ibericum. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 24in (60cm). In summer produces
sprays of 5-petaled, saucer-shaped, violet-
blue flowers. Has heart-shaped, lobed or
cut, hairy leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

G. incanum. Semievergreen, spreading,
mounded perennial. H 12-15in (30-38cm),

S 24-36in (60cm-90cm). Shallowly cup¬
shaped flowers are variable, but usually
deep pink, and borne singly in summer
above aromatic, deeply divided, gray-
green leaves with linear segments.

Z5-8 H8-5.

G. 'Johnson's Blue', illus. p.270.

G. macrorrhizum, illus. p.269.
'Ingwersen's Variety', illus. p.256.

G. maculatum (Spotted geranium).
Clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 18in (45cm). In spring bears heads
of flattish, pinkish-lilac flowers above
rounded, lobed or scalloped, mid-green
leaves that turn fawn and red in fall.

Z4-8 H8-1.

G. maderense. Vigorous, semievergreen,
bushy perennial with a woody base.

H and S 3ft (lm). Produces large sprays
of shallowly cup-shaped, deep magenta
flowers in summer above palmate, finely
cut, dark green leaves. Z8-9 H9-8.

G. x magnihcum , illus. p.269.

G. meeboldii. See G. himalayense.

G. nodosum. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). Has lobed, glossy
leaves and delicate, cup-shaped, lilac or
lilac-pink flowers borne in spring-summer.
Tolerates deep shade. Z4-8 H8-1.

G. orientalitibeticum, syn. G. staphanum
var. roseum, illus. p.339.

G. 'Orion', illus. p.280.

G. oxonianum 'Claridge Druce'.
Vigorous, semievergreen, carpeting
perennial. H and S 24-30in (60-75cm).

Bears clusters of cup-shaped, darker-
veined, mauve-pink flowers throughout
summer. Has dainty, rounded, lobed leaves.
'Wargrave Pink', syn. G. endressii
'Wargrave Pink', illus. p.265.

'Winscombe', S 18in (45cm), has deep
pink flowers that fade to pale pink.

G. palmatum, syn. G. anemonifolium,
illus. p.238. Vigorous, semievergreen,
bushy perennial with a woody base.

H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). Has palmate,
deeply lobed, dark green leaves and, in
late summer, large sprays of shallowly
cup-shaped, purplish-red flowers. Z7-9
H9-7

G. phaeum, illus. p.223.

G. pratense (Meadow cranesbill). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
(60cm). Bears 5-petaled, saucer-shaped,
violet-blue flowers on branching stems in
summer. Rounded, lobed to deeply divided,
mid-green leaves become bronze in fall.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Plenum Violaceum' is
more compact than the species with

double, deep violet flowers. Z5-7 H8-1.
Kashmir Purple'. See G. clarkei
'Kashmir Purple'. 'Kashmir White'.

See G. clarkei 'Kashmir White'.

'Mrs. Kendall Clark', illus. p.239.

G. procurrens. Carpeting perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has rounded,
lobed, glossy leaves and, in summer,
clusters of saucer-shaped, deep rose-
purple flowers. Z7-9 H9-1.

G. psilostemon, syn. G. armenum,
illus. p.233.

G. pylzowianum. Spreading perennial
with underground runners and tiny
tubers. H 5-10in (12-25cm), S lOin (25cm)
or more. Bears semicircular, deeply cut,
dark green leaves and, in late spring and
summer, trumpet-shaped, green-centered,
deep rose-pink flowers. May be invasive.
Z5-8 H8-5.

G. renardii, illus. p.264.

G. x riversleaianum 'Russell Prichard'.

Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm). Saucer-shaped,
clear pink flowers are borne singly or
in small clusters from early summer to fall.
Rounded leaves are lobed and gray-green.
Z6-8 H8-6.

G. Rozanne ('Gerwat'), illus. p.271.

G. sanguineum, illus. p.340.
var. striatum , illus. p.362.

G. stapfianum var. roseum. See

G. orientalitibeticum.

G. subcaulescens, syn. G. cinereum var.
subcaulescens, illus. p.366.

G. sylvaticum 'Mayflower', illus. p.239.
G. traversii var. elegans.
Semievergreen, rosetted perennial with
spreading stems. H 4in (10cm), S lOin
(25cm). Large, upward-facing, saucer¬
shaped, pale pink flowers, with darker
veins, rise above rounded, lobed, gray-
green leaves in summer. Is suitable for
a sheltered ledge or rock garden. Protect
from winter wet. Requires gritty soil.

Z8-9 H9-8. 'Buxton's Blue'. See
G. wallichianum 'Buxton's Variety'.

G. wallichianum 'Buxton's Variety',
syn. G. wallichianum 'Buxton's Blue'.
Spreading perennial. H 12-18in (30-45cm),
S 36in (90cm). Has luxuriant, white-flecked
leaves and large, white-centered, blue or
blue-purple flowers from mid-summer to
fall. Prefers partial shade. Z4-8 H8-1.

G. wlassovianum. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Has velvety
stems and rounded, lobed, dark green
leaves. Saucer-shaped, deep purple flowers
are borne singly or in small clusters in
summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

GERBERA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials, flowering from

summer to winter depending on growing

conditions. Needs full sun and light,
sandy soil. Propagate by heel cuttings
from sideshoots in summer or by seed
in fall or early spring.

G. 'Amgerbpink'. See G. Everlast Pink.
G. Everlast Pink ('Amgerbpink').
Clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has oval, irregularly lobed
leaves. Large, daisylike, soft pink flower
heads are borne on tall, slender stems
in mid- and late summer. Zll HI2-5.

G. jamesonii, (Barberton daisy,
Transvaal daisy) illus. p.306.

GEUM

Avens

ROSACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Prefers sun and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by division or seed in fall.

G. 'Bell Bank', illus. p.268.

G. x borisii. See G. coccineum.

G. chiloense, syn. G. coccineum. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 16-24in (40-60cm),

S 24in (60cm). Saucer-shaped, scarlet
flowers are produced from early to
late summer. Pinnate leaves are
deeply lobed and toothed. Z5-9 H9-5.

G. coccineum, syn. G. x borisii, illus. p.439.
G. coccineum of gardens. See G.
chiloense.

G. 'Fire Opal'. Clump-forming perennial.
H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm). Rounded,
double, bronze-scarlet flowers are borne
in small clusters in summer above oblong
to lance-shaped, lobed, fresh green leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

G. 'Goldball'. See G. 'Lady Stratheden'.

G. 'Lady Stratheden', syn. G. 'Goldball',
illus. p.276.

G. 'Lionel Cox'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). In early
summer produces small clusters of
5-petaled, cup-shaped, shrimp-red flowers
above oblong to lance-shaped, lobed,
fresh green leaves. Z3-7 H7-1.

G. montanum. Dense, clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennial that spreads
slowly. H 4in (10cm), S 9in (23cm).

Shallowly cup-shaped, golden-yellow
flowers in early summer are followed
by fluffy, buff-colored seed heads. Leaves
are pinnate, each with a large, rounded,
terminal lobe. Is suitable for a rock garden.
Z4-8 H8-1.

G. 'Mrs. J.Bradshaw'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 18in (45cm).
Rounded, double, crimson flowers are
borne in small sprays in summer. Fresh
green leaves are oblong to lance-shaped
and lobed. Z5-9 H9-5.

GEVUINA

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
their foliage and flowers in summer.
Requires partial shade and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in late summer or
by seed in fall.

G. avellana (Chile nut, Chilean hazel).
Evergreen, conical tree. H and S 30ft
(10m). Has large, glossy, dark green
leaves divided into numerous oval,
toothed leaflets. Slender spires of
spidery, white flowers in late summer
are followed by cherry-like, red then
black fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

GIBBAEUM

AIZOACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their pairs of small,
swollen leaves, often of unequal size.
Needs full sun and very well-drained
soil. Water very lightly in early winter.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

G. petrense. Carpeting, perennial
succulent. H lV 2 in (3cm), S 12in (30cm)

GLADIOLUS

or more. Each branch bears 1 or 2 pairs
of thick, triangular, pale gray-green
leaves. Vain (1cm) long. Bears daisylike,
pink-red flowers, * * * * 5 /sin (1.5cm) across,
in spring. Z12-15 H12-10.

G. velutinum, illus. p.481.

GILIA

POLEMONIACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
annuals. Prefers sun and fertile, very
well-drained soil. Stems may need
support, especially on windy sites.
Propagate by seed sown outdoors in
spring, or in early fall for early flowering
the following year.

G. achilleifolia. Fast-growing, upright,
bushy annual. H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm).
Finely divided, mid-green leaves are hairy
and sticky. Heads of funnel-shaped, blue
flowers, lin (2.5cm) wide, are produced
in summer. HI2-1.

G. capitata, illus. p.314.

GILLENIA

ROSACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Grow in sun or shade and any well-
drained soil. Needs staking. Propagate
by seed in fall or spring.

G. trifoliata, (Bowman's root, Indian
physic) illus. p.231.

GINKGO

Maidenhair tree

CINKGOACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS. G

G. biloba, illus. p.97.

GLADIOLUS

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of corms, each producing a spike
of funnel-shaped flowers and a fan of
erect, sword-shaped leaves on basal part
of flower stem. Is suitable for cutting or
for planting in mixed borders; most
hybrids are also good for exhibition.

Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.

Plant 4-6in (10-15cm) deep and the same
distance apart in spring. Water well in
summer and support tall cultivars with
canes. Lift half-hardy types in fall, cut off
stems and dry corms in a frost-free but
cool place. Pot up spring-flowering
species and cultivars in fall and place in
a cool greenhouse; after flowering, dry
off corms during summer months and
repot in fall.

Propagate by seed or by removal of
young cormlets from parent. Seed sown
in early spring in a cool greenhouse will
take 2-3 years to flower and may not
breed true to type. Cormlets, removed
after lifting, should be stored in frost-free
conditions and then be planted out 2in
(5cm) deep in spring; lift in winter as
for mature corms. They will flower in
1-2 years.

While in storage, corms may be attacked
by various rots. Protect sound, healthy
corms by dusting with a fungicide or
soaking in a fungicide solution before
drying; store in an airy, cool, frost-free
place. Gladiolus scab causes blotches 585

on leaves; gladiolus yellows shows as

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GLADIOLUS

yellowing stripes on leaves, which then
die; in both cases, destroy affected corms.
As a preventative measure, always plant
healthy corms in a new site each year.

See also feature panel p.384.

Gladiolus hybrids
Most hybrids are derived from
G. x hortulanus. All have stiff leaves,
8-20in (20-50cm) long, ranging from
pale willow-green or steely blue-green
to almost bottle-green. All are good
for flower arranging. They are divided
into Grandiflorus, Primulinus, and
Nanus Groups.

Grandiflorus Group
Produces long, densely packed spikes
of funnel-shaped flowers, with ruffled,
thick-textured petals or plain-edged,
thin-textured ones. Giant-flowered hybrids
have a bottom flower of over 5%in (14cm)
across (flower head is 26-32in (65-80cm)
long); large-flowered 4%-5Vfcin (ll-14cm)
across (flower head 24-36in (60cm-lm)
long); medium-flowered 3/4-4V&in (9-1 lcm)
across (flower head 24-32in (60-80cm)
long); small-flowered 2 1 /2-3 1 /2in (6-9cm)
across (flower head 20-28in (50-70cm)
long); and miniature-flowered l%-2V6in
(3.5-6cm) across (flower head 16-24in
(40-60cm) long).

Primulinus Group
Has fairly loose spikes of plain-edged,
funnel-shaped flowers, 2Vz-3in (6-8cm)
across, each with a strongly hooded,
upper petal over the stigma and anthers.
Flower heads are 12in (30cm) long.

Nanus Group

Produces 2 or 3 slender spikes, with loosely
arranged flowers, 114-2in (4-5cm) across.
Flower heads are 9-14in (22-35cm) long.

G. 'Amanda Mahy'. Nanus Group
gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Produces spikes of up to 7 salmon-pink
flowers, with lip petals flecked violet and
white, in early summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Amsterdam'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 27 slightly
upward-facing, finely ruffled, white flowers
are produced in late summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Amy Beth'. Grandiflorus Group,
small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Produces spikes of
up to 22 heavily ruffled, lavender flowers,
with thick, waxy, cream-lipped petals, in
late summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Anna Leorah'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.6m),

S 6in (15cm). In mid-summer bears spikes
of up to 25 strongly ruffled, mid-pink
flowers with large, white throats. Is
good for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Atlantis'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Produces spikes of
up to 20 lightly ruffled, deep violet-blue
flowers, with small, white throats, in
late summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Beau Rivage'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H to 4ft (1.2m),

S 1ft (30cm). Spikes of up to 15 ruffled,
deep coral-pink flowers are produced
in summer. Is good for exhibition.

Z8-10 H9-1.

586

G. 'Beauty of Holland'. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of

up to 27 ruffled, pink-margined, white
flowers in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Black Jack'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 36in
(90cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears spikes of
black-edged, dark maroon flowers in
summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Black Lash'. Grandiflorus Group,
small-flowered gladiolus. H 472ft (1.35m),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears spikes of up to
25 lightly ruffled, deep black-rose flowers,
with pointed, slightly reflexed petals,
from late summer to early fall. Z8-10 H9-1.
G. blandus. See G. cameus.

G. 'Blue Frost', illus. p.384.

Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). In
mid-summer produces spikes of white
flowers with ruffled, lilac edges and
darker purple eyes. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. Butterfly Group. Small-flowered
gladiolus. H 32in (80cm), S 3in (8cm).

From mid- to late summer produces
spikes of wavy, ruffled, bicolored flowers
with petals that resemble the wings of a
butterfly. They are produced in a range
of colors, including red, orange, pink and
yellow, and have contrasting colors at the
throat. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. byzantinus. See G. communis subsp.
byzantinus.

G. callianthus. See G. murielae.

G. cardinalis. Summer-flowering corm.

H to 4ft (1.2m), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Arching
stem bears a spike of up to 12 widely
funnel-shaped, bright red flowers, 3in
(8cm) long, with spear-shaped, white
marks on lower 3 petals. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. cameus, syn. G. blandus. Spring¬
flowering corm. H 8-16in (20-40cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Stem bears a loose
spike of 3-12 widely funnel-shaped, white
or pink flowers, l72-272in (4-6cm) long,
marked on lower petals with darker red
or yellow blotches. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Charmer'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 6in (15cm). In early and mid-summer
produces spikes of up to 27 strongly
ruffled, almost translucent, light pink
flowers. Is good for exhibition.

Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Charming Lady'. Nanus Group
gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm).
Produces spikes of pink flowers, with
pale lilac throats, from early to mid¬
summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Christabel'. Spring-flowering corm
(a hybrid of G. tristis). H to 18in (45cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Loose spikes of up
to 10 fragrant, widely funnel-shaped,
primrose-yellow flowers, 272-3in
(6-8cm) across, with purple-brown-
veined, upper petals, are produced in
spring. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Columbine', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, small-flowered gladiolus. H 36in
(90cm), S 3in (8cm). In early summer
produces spikes of light carmine-rose
flowers with creamy-white throats.

Z8-10 H10-8.

G. x colvillii 'The Bride', illus. p.384.
Nanus Group gladiolus. H 32in (80cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Produces spikes of
up to 7 white flowers, with green-marked
throats, in early summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. communis subsp. byzantinus, syn.
G. byzantinus, illus. p.410.

G. 'Cote d'Azur'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up to 23
ruffled, mid-blue flowers, with pale blue
throats, in early summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. dalenii, syn. G. natalensis,

G. primulinus, G. psittacinus. Vigorous,
summer-flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Produces up to 14 red,
yellow-orange, yellow or greenish-yellow
flowers, 3-5in (8-12cm) long, each with a
hooded, upper petal and often flecked or
streaked red. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Dancing Queen'. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 5-6in (12-15cm). In mid- to late
summer produces spikes of up to 20 white
flowers, with feathered, dark red markings
at the base of the lower petals. Z8-10 H9-1.
G. 'Deliverance'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (.1.7m),

S 5-6in (12-15cm). In mid- to late summer
produces spikes of 20 or more ruffled,
coral-pink flowers, deeper peach-pink
at the margins, with yellow-tinted, white
throats. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Drama', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft
(1.7m), S 10-12in (25-30cm). In late summer
produces spikes of up to 26 lightly ruffled,
deep watermelon-pink flowers with red-
marked, yellow throats. Is superb for
exhibition. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Dutch Mountain'. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus.

H 5%ft (1.7m), S 6in (15cm). In mid¬
summer produces spikes of up to 25
slightly ruffled, white flowers with small
green marks in the throats. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Esta Bonita'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 1ft (30cm). Produces spikes of up to 24
apricot-orange flowers, slightly darker
toward petal edges, in late summer. Is good
for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Firestorm'. Grandiflorus Group,
miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Spikes of
up to 22 loosely spaced, ruffled, vivid
scarlet flowers, with yellowish-white
flecks on the outer tepals, are produced
in early summer. Is good for exhibition.
Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Flevo Bambino'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 2ft (60cm),

S 3in (8cm). From late summer to early fall
produces spikes of pale yellow flowers with
purple throats. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Florence C'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 6in (15cm). In late summer produces
spikes of up to 26 strongly ruffled, white
flowers. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Georgette'. Grandiflorus Group,
small-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Produces spikes of
up to 22 slightly ruffled, yellow-suffused,
orange flowers, with large lemon-yellow
throats, in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Green Isle'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 472ft
(1.35m), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Spikes of up
to 22 slightly informal, lime-green flowers,
with chiseled ruffling, are produced in
late summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Green Woodpecker', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, medium-flowered

gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m), S 1ft (30cm). Has
spikes of up to 25 lime-green flowers, with
wine-red throats, in late summer. Is very
good for exhibition. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Halley'. Nanus Group gladiolus.

H 3ft (lm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). In early
summer produces spikes of up to 7 white-
flushed, pale yellow flowers, with bright
red marks in throats. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Her Majesty', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 46in (115cm), S 6in (5cm).
Produces spikes of sky-blue flowers,
with much paler throats, in mid-summer.
Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Ice Cap'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 10-12in (25-30cm). Produces spikes of
up to 27 heavily ruffled, ice-white flowers
from late summer to early fall. Z8-10 H9-1.
G. 'Impressive', illus. p.384. Nanus
Group gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in
(8cm). Spikes of pale pink flowers, with
hot pink markings, are borne in early
summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Inca Queen'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Bears spikes of up
to 25 heavily ruffled, waxy, deep salmon-
pink flowers, with lemon-yellow lip petals
and throats, in late summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. italicus, syn. G. segetum. Early
summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (lm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Produces a loose
spike of up to 20 pinkish-purple flowers,
172-2in (4-5cm) long, and has a fan of
erect, sword-shaped leaves from the
basal part of stem. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Little Darling'. Primulinus Group
gladiolus. H 37zft (1.1m), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Bears spikes of up to 16 loosely spaced,
salmon- to rose-pink flowers, with lemon
lip petals, in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Magistral'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.8m),

S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of up to
24 ruffled, oyster-white flowers, with
magenta lines, in mid-summer. Is good
for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Melodie'. Grandiflorus Group, small-
flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Produces spikes of up to 17
salmon-rose flowers, with longitudinal,
spearlike, red-orange marks in throats,
in late summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Mi Mi'. Grandiflorus Group, small-
flowered gladiolus. H 472ft (1.3m), S 3-4in
(8-10cm). In mid-summer bears spikes of
up to 24 strongly ruffled, deep lavender-
pink flowers with white throats. Is good
for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Miss America'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 1ft (30cm). In late summer produces
spikes of up to 24 deep pink flowers
that are heavily ruffled. Is excellent
for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Morning Gold', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 4in (10cm).
Spikes of green-tinted, golden-yellow
flowers are produced from mid-summer
to early fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. murielae, syn. G. callianthus,
Acidanthera bicolor var. murielae,
Acidanthera murielae, illus. p.383. Late
summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (lm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has a loose spike of up

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

to 10 fragrant flowers, each with a curved
tube, 4in (10cm) long, and 6 white petals,
with a deep purple blotch at each base.

G. natalensis. See G. dalenii.

G. 'Nova Lux', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 39in
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of clear
yellow flowers are borne in mid-summer.
Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Nymph', illus. p.384. Nanus Group
gladiolus. H 28in (70cm), S 3in (8cm). In
early summer produces spikes of creamy-
white flowers, with teardrop-shaped,
pink-edged markings on the lower petals.
Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Oscar', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 39in
(100cm), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes
of velvety-red flowers in mid-summer.
Z8-10 H10-8.

G. papilio, syn. G. purpureoauratus,
illus. p.395.

G. 'Parade'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 10-14in (25-35cm). Produces spikes
of up to 27 finely ruffled, salmon-pink
flowers, with small, cream throats,
in early fall. Is superb for exhibition.

Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Passos'. Grandiflorous Group, large-
flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).
Spikes of purple-flecked, pale lilac to white
flowers, with dark purple throats, are
produced in mid-summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Peace'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft
(1.7m), S 6in (15cm). Bears spikes of up
to 26 strongly ruffled, cream flowers,
with pale lemon throats and pale pink
margins, in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Peter Pears', illus. p.384.

Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m), S 14in (35cm).

In late summer has spikes of up to
26 apricot-salmon flowers with red
throat marks. Is excellent for exhibition.
Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Pink Flare'. Grandiflorus Group,
small-flowered gladiolus. H 472ft (1.3m),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Spikes of up to 25 ruffled,
mid-pink flowers, each with a small, white
throat, are produced in mid-summer. Is
good for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Pink Lady'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 10-12in (25-30cm). Has spikes of up
to 25 lightly ruffled, deep rose-pink
flowers, with large, white throats, in
late summer and early fall. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. primulinus. See G. dalenii.

G. psittacinus. See G. dalenii.

G. 'Pulchritude'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 472ft
(1.3m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes
of up to 27 ruffled, light lavender-pink
flowers, deepening at the petal margins,
and with a magenta-red mark on each
lip petal, in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Purple Flora', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 39in (100cm), S 6in (15cm).
Produces spikes of rich deep purple
flowers, with paler lilac markings, in
mid-summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. purpureoauratus. See G. papilio.

G. 'Renegade'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 5-6in (12-15cm). In mid- to late summer
produces spikes of 15-20 ruffled, deep
red flowers. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Rose Supreme'. Grandiflorus
Group, giant-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft
(1.7m), S 10-12in (25-30cm). Spikes of up
to 24 rose-pink flowers, flecked and
streaked darker pink toward petal tips, and
with cream throats, are produced
in late summer. Z8-10 HI 1-1.

G. 'Royal Dutch'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 10-12in (25-30cm). Produces spikes of
up to 27 flowers, pale lavender blending
into a white throat, from late summer
to early fall. Is very good for exhibition.
Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Sancerre', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes of
pure white flowers are borne in mid¬
summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. segetum. See G. italicus.

G. 'Stardust'. Grandiflorus Group,
miniature-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has spikes of up to 21
ruffled, pale yellow flowers, with lighter
yellow throats, in mid-summer. Is good for
exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Stella', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, medium-flowered gladiolus.

H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Spikes of
yellow flowers, with a star-shaped, dark
red mark at the throat, are produced
in mid-summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Tendresse'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). In late summer has
spikes of up to 28 slightly ruffled, dark
pink flowers, with small, cream throats
marked with longitudinal, faint rose-pink
"spears." Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Tesoro'. Grandiflorus Group,
medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Bears spikes of up to
26 silky flowers, slightly ruffled and
glistening yellow, in early fall. Is among
the top exhibition gladioli. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'The Bride'. See G. colvillii 'The Bride'.
G. 'Trader Horn'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 6in (15cm). Tall spikes of scarlet flowers,
with a white mark on throat, are produced
in mid-summer. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Vaucluse'. Grandiflorus Group,
giant-flowered gladiolus. H 6ft (1.9m),

S 6in (15cm). In late summer bears spikes
of up to 27 slightly ruffled, vermilion-red
flowers with small, creamy-white throats.

Is good for exhibition. Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'Velvet Eyes', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, large-flowered gladiolus. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Produces spikes of dark
bluish-purple flowers, with reddish-purple
throats, in mid-summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Victor Borge'. Grandiflorus Group,
large-flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m),

S 14in (35cm). Spikes of up to 22 vermilion-
orange flowers, with pale cream throat
marks, are produced in late summer.

Z8-10 H9-1.

G. 'White Ice', illus. p.384. Grandiflorus
Group, medium-flowered gladiolus. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 5in (12cm). Produces spikes of up
to 25 ruffled, white flowers in late summer.
Is good for exhibition. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'White Prosperity', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm). Spikes

of pure white flowers, with ruffled petals,
are borne in mid-summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Wine and Roses', illus. p.384.
Grandiflorus Group, large-flowered
gladiolus. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6in (15cm).

Spikes of soft pink flowers, with
burgundy-red throats, are produced
in mid-summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

G. 'Zephyr'. Grandiflorus Group, large-
flowered gladiolus. H 572ft (1.7m), S 6in
(5cm). In mid-summer has spikes of up
to 26 light lavender-pink flowers with
small, ivory throats. Is good for exhibition.
Z8-10 H9-1.

GLANDULARIA

VERBENACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
evergreen perennials, often treated as
annuals. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by stem cuttings in late summer
and fall or by layering or seed in fall or
spring.

G. 'Balazdapima'. See G. x hybrida Aztec
Dark Pink Magic.

G. 'Balazsilma'. See G. x hybrida Aztec
Silver Magic.

G. x hybrida , syn. Verbena x hortensis,
Verbena x hybrida. Aztec Dark Pink
Magic ('Balazdapima'), illus. p.303.

Aztec Silver Magic ('Balazsilma'), illus.
p.312. Corsage Series 'Corsage Red',
illus. p.307. Derby Series are erect, bushy
perennials, grown as annuals. H lOin
(25cm), S 12in (30cm). Have oval, serrated,
mid- to deep green leaves. Clusters of
small, tubular, lobed flowers, in a wide
color range, including red, pink, blue,
mauve and white, are borne in summer
and early fall. Z9-15 H12-1. Cultivars of
Novalis Series are erect and bushy, with
flowers in rose-pink, deep blue, pinkish-red
and scarlet, as well as single colors of
bright scarlet, white, or rose-pink.
'Peaches and Cream' is spreading and
branching, and produces pastel orange-
pink flowers, maturing to apricot-yellow,
and eventually creamy-yellow. Cultivars of
'Quartz Mix' are compact and bushy with
lance-shaped leaves and rounded heads of
pink, red, maroon, or purple flowers with
white "eyes." Romance Series cultivars
are erect and bushy, and have flowers in
deep wine-red, intense scarlet, carmine-
rose-red and blue-purple, as well as single
colors of white, bright scarlet, dark rose
or lavender-pink.

G. x maonettii , syn. Verbena alpina,
Verbena tenera. Spreading perennial
with a slightly woody base. H 3in (8cm),

S 6in (15cm). Half-hardy. Has oblong to oval
leaves, deeply cut into linear, toothed, mid-
green segments and, in summer, terminal
clusters of small, tubular, reddish-violet
flowers, with white-edged lobes. Z7-9 H9-6.
G. peruviana, syn. Verbena
chamaedrifolia, Verbena chamaedrioides.
Semievergreen, prostrate perennial. H to
3in (8cm), S 3ft (lm). Heads of small,
tubular, brilliant scarlet flowers, with
spreading petal lobes, are produced from
early summer to early fall. Oval, toothed
leaves are mid-green. Prefers to grow in
dry soil that is not too rich. Z9-11 H12-9.

G. 'Sissinghurst', syn. Verbena
'Sissinghurst', illus. p.268.

Glandulicactus uncinatus. See

Sclerocactus uncinatus.

GLOBBA

GLAUCIDIUM

GLAUCIDIACEAE/RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of one species of spring-flowering
perennial. Is excellent in woodland
gardens. Needs a partially shaded,
sheltered position and moist, peaty soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

G. palmatum, illus. p.260.

GLAUCIUM

Horned poppy

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and
perennials, grown for their bright,
poppy-like flowers. Requires sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
annuals by seed sown outdoors in spring,
perennials by seed sown outdoors in
spring or fall, biennials by seed sown
under glass in late spring or early
summer. ® Roots are toxic if ingested.

G. flavum , illus. p.320.

GLECHOMA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
perennials. Makes good groundcover,
but may be invasive. Tolerates sun or
shade. Prefers moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall or
by softwood cuttings in spring.

G. hederacea 'Variegata', illus. p.277.

GLEDITSIA

Honeylocust

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALP1IMIACEAE ~ G

Genus of deciduous, usually spiny trees,
grown for their foliage. Has inconspicuous
flowers, often followed by large seed
pods after hot summers. Young plants
may suffer frost damage. Requires
plenty of sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall,
selected forms by budding in late
summer.

G. caspica (Caspianlocust). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m).

Trunk is armed with long, branched spines.

Has fernlike, glossy, mid-green leaves.

Z7-10 H10-7.

G. japonica, illus. p.75.

G. triacanthos (Honeylocust).

Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 50ft (15m). Trunk is very thorny.

Fernlike, glossy, dark green leaves turn
yellow in fall. Z3-7 H7-1. f. inermis
(Thornless honey locust) is thornless.
'Shademaster' is vigorous, with long-
lasting leaves. 'Skyline' is thornless,
broadly conical and has golden-yellow
foliage in fall. 'Sunburst', illus. p.72.

GLOBBA

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
clump-forming perennials, grown for
their flowers. Needs partial shade, high
humidity and rich, well-drained soil.

Keep plants dry when dormant in winter.

Propagate by division or seed in spring
or by mature bulbils that fall off plants.

See also feature panel p.477.

G. platystachya. Herbaceous, clump- 587
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (lm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GLOBULARIA

Has lance-shaped, silver-patterned,
mid-green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long.
Pendent racemes of small, tubular, golden-
yellow flowers are borne at the shoot
tips along with bulbils in late summer.
Z13-15 H12-8.

G. winitii, illus. p.477. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves,
to 8in (20cm) long. Intermittently
produces pendent racemes of tubular,
yellow flowers with large, reddish-purple,
reflexed bracts. HI 1-8.

GLOBULARIA

Globe daisy

GLOBULAR1ACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of mainly evergreen, summer¬
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
for their dome-shaped hummocks and
usually blue or purple flower heads.
Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring, by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

G. bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis.

G. cordifolia, illus. p.369. subsp.
bellidifolia. See G. meridionalis.

G. meridionalis , syn. G. bellidifolia,

G. cordifolia, G. pygmaea, illus. p.367.

G. pygmaea. See G. meridionalis.

GLORIOSA

LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering,
tendril climbers with finger-like tubers.
Needs full sun and rich, well-drained
soil. Water freely in summer and liquid
feed every 2 weeks. Provide support.
Dry off tubers in winter and keep cool
but frost-free. Propagate by seed or
division in spring. (D Highly toxic if
ingested; handling tubers may irritate
the skin.

G. rothschildiana. See G. superba
'Rothschildiana'.

G. superba. Deciduous, tendril climber
with tubers. H to 6ft (2m), S 1-lVzft
(30-45cm). Slender stems bear scattered,
broadly lance-shaped leaves. In summer,
upper leaf axils bear large, yellow or red
flowers, with 6 sharply reflexed, wavy-
edged petals, changing to dark orange
or deep red. Stamens are prominent.
Z8-10 H12-7. 'Rothschildiana',
syn. G. rothschildiana illus. p.386.

GLOTTIPHYLLUIVI

AIZOACEAE

588

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their semicylindrical
leaves often broader at tips. Needs full sun
and poor, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
G. difforme, syn. G. semicylindricum.
Clump-forming, perennial succulent.

H 3in (8cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has
semicylindrical, bright green leaves, 2 V 2 in
(6cm) long, with a tooth halfway along
each margin. Short-stemmed, daisylike,
golden-yellow flowers, lVdn (4cm) across,
are produced in spring-summer. Z10-11
H12-9.

G. nelii , illus. p.495.

G. semicylindricum. See G. difforme.

GLOXINIA

GESNERIACEAE

Genus of late summer- to fall-flowering,
rhizomatous perennials. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Dies
down in late fall or winter; then keep
rhizomes nearly dry. Propagate by
division or seed in spring or by stem
or leaf cuttings in summer.

G. perennis. Late summer- to fall¬
flowering rhizome. H to 24in (60cm),

S 12-14in (30-35cm). Has heart-shaped,
toothed, hairy leaves on spotted stems
and bell-shaped, lavender-blue flowers,
with rounded lobes and purple-blotched
throats. Z13-15 H12-10.

G. speciosa. See Sinningia speciosa.

GLYCERIA

Manna grass
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

G. aquatica 'Variegata'. See G. maxima
'Variegata'.

G. maxima 'Variegata', syn. G. aquatica
'Variegata', illus. p.436.

GLYCYRRHIZA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Needs sun and deep, rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or
seed in fall or spring.

G. glabra. Upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),
S 3ft (lm). Has pealike, purple- blue and
white flowers, borne in short spikes on
erect stems in late summer, and large
leaves divided into oval leaflets. Is grown
commercially for production of licorice.
Z9-11 H12-10.

Godetia. See Clarkia.

GOMESA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

G. flexuosum , syn. Oncidium flexuosum
(Dancing-doll orchid. Glory Lily), illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool or intermediate greenhouse.

H 9in (23cm). In fall produces terminal
sprays of many small, large-lipped, bright
yellow flowers, Vdn (0.5cm) across, with
red-brown markings on sepals and
petals. Bears narrowly oval leaves,

4in (10cm) long. Is best grown on a bark
slab. Keep in partial shade in summer.
Z13-15 H12-1.

G. planifolia. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).

Sprays of star-shaped, pea-green flowers,
Vlin (0.5cm) across, are produced in fall.
Narrowly oval leaves are 6in (15cm)
long. Grow in partial shade in summer.
Z14-15 H12-6.

GOMPHOCARPUS

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen and deciduous
subshrubs and perennials. Hooded,
cup-shaped flowers are followed by seed
pods that are usually inflated. Needs sun
or partial shade and well-drained soil.

Propagate by seed or softwood cuttings in
spring. ® Some species exude a milky sap,
which may aggravate skin allergies.

G. physocarpus, syn. Asclepias
physocarpa. Deciduous, erect, hairy
subshrub. H to 6ft (2m), S to 2ft (60cm).

Has lance-shaped leaves, 10cm (4in) long,
and umbels of 5-horned, creamy-white
flowers in summer, followed by large,
inflated, globose seed pods with soft
bristles. Z12-15 H12-10.

GOMPHRENA

AMARANTHACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials.
Only one species, G. globosa, is usually
cultivated; its flower heads are good for
cutting and drying. Prefers sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in spring.

G. globosa , illus. p.303.

GONGORA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

G. quinquenervis. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for an intermediate greenhouse.

H lOin (25cm). In summer, fragrant,
brown, orange and yellow flowers.

Van (1cm) across, which resemble birds
in flight, are produced in long, pendent
spikes. Has oval, ribbed leaves, 5-6in
(12-15cm) long. Is best grown in a
hanging basket. Requires partial shade
in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

GRAPTOPETALUM

CRASSULACEAE

Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents
very similar to Echeveria, with which it
hybridizes. Needs sun or partial shade
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or by stem or leaf cuttings in spring
or summer.

G. amethystinum. Clump-forming,
prostrate, perennial succulent. H 16in
(40cm), S 36in (90cm). Produces thick,
rounded, blue-gray to red leaves,

3in (7cm) long, in terminal rosettes and
star-shaped, yellow-and-red flowers,
V 2 - 3 Ain (l-2cm) across, in spring-summer.
Z13-15 H12-10.

G. bellum, syn. Tacitus bellus, illus. p.485.
G. paraguayense, illus. p.489.

GRAPTOPHYLLUM

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown
mainly for their foliage. Needs partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water container plants freely when in
full growth, much less when temperatures
are low. Young plants need tip-pruning
after flowering to promote branching;
leggy specimens may be cut back hard
after flowering or in spring. Propagate
by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
spring or summer.

G. pictum (Caricature plant). Evergreen,
erect, loose shrub. H to 6ft (2m), S 2ft
(60cm) or more. Has oval, pointed, glossy,
green leaves with central, yellow blotches.
Bears short, terminal spikes of tubular,
red to purple flowers in spring and early
summer. Z13-15 HI2-10.

GRASSES, BAMBOOS,
RUSHES AND SEDGES

Group of evergreen or herbaceous,
perennial and annual grasses or grasslike
plants belonging to the Gramineae
(including Bambusoideae), Juncaceae
and Cyperaceae families. They are grown
mainly as foliage plants, adding grace
and contrast to borders and rock gardens,
although several grasses have attractive
flower heads in summer that may be dried
for winter decoration. Dead foliage may
be cut back on herbaceous perennials
when dormant. Propagate species by seed
in spring or fall or by division in spring,
selected forms by division only. Pests and
diseases usually give little trouble. Grasses,
bamboos, rushes and sedges are illustrated
on pp.284-49.

Grasses (Gramineae)

Family of evergreen, semievergreen
or herbaceous, sometimes creeping
perennials, annuals and marginal water
plants, usually with rhizomes or stolons,
that form tufts, clumps or carpets. All
have basal leaves and rounded flower
stems that bear alternate, long, narrow
leaves. Flowers are bisexual (males and
females in same spikelet) and are
arranged in panicles, racemes or spikes.
Each flower head comprises spikelets,
with one or more florets, that are covered
with glumes (scales) from which awns
(long, slender bristles) may grow. Unless
otherwise stated, grasses will tolerate
a range of light conditions and flourish
in any well-drained soil. Many genera,
such as Briza, self-seed readily. See
also Alopecurus, Anemanthele,
Arrhenatherum, Arundo, Bouteloua, Briza,
Bromus, Chionochloa, Coix, Cortaderia,
Dactylis, Deschampsia, Festuca, Glyceria,
Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Holcus,
Hordeum, La gurus, Lamarckia, Leymus,
Melica, Melinis, Milium, Miscanthus,
Molinia, Oplismenus, Panicum,
Pennisetum, Phalaris, Sesleria, Setaria,
Spartina, Stenotaphrum, Stipa,

Zea and Zizania.

Bamboos (Bambusoideae)

Sub-family of Gramineae, comprising
evergreen, rhizomatous perennials,
sometimes grown as hedging as well as
for ornamentation. Most bamboos differ
from other perennial grasses in that they
have woody stems (culms). These are
hollow (except in Chusquea ), mostly
greenish-brown and, due to their silica
content, very strong, with a circumference
of up to 6in (15cm) in some tropical species.
Leaves are lance-shaped with cross veins
that give a tessellated appearance, which
may be obscured in the more tender
species. Flowers are produced at varying
intervals but are not decorative. After
flowering, stems die down but few plants
die completely. Bamboos thrive in a
sheltered, not too dry situation in sun
or shade, unless otherwise stated. See
also Bambusa, Chusquea, Fargesia,
Himalayacalamus, Phyllostachys,
Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Sasa,
Semiarundinaria, Shibataea and Yushania.
Rushes (Juncaceae)

Family of evergreen, tuft-forming or
creeping, mostly rhizomatous annuals
and perennials. All have either rounded.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

leafless stems or stems bearing long,
narrow, basal leaves that are flat and
hairless except Luzula (woodrushes)
which has flat leaves, edged with
white hairs. Rounded flower heads are
generally unimportant. Most rushes
prefer sun or partial shade and a moist
or wet situation, but Luzula prefers drier
conditions. See also Isolepis, Juncus
and Luzula.

Sedges (Cyperaceae)

Family of evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials that form dense tufts. Stems
are triangular and bear long, narrow
leaves, sometimes reduced to scales.
Spikes or panicles of florets covered with
glumes are produced and contain both
male and female flowers, although some
species of Carex have separate male and
female flower heads on the same stem.
Grow in sun or partial shade. Some
sedges grow naturally in water, but many
may be grown in any well-drained soil.
See also Carex , Cyperus, Eleocharis,
Schoenoplectus and Scirpoides.

GREVILLEA

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Grow
in full sun and well-drained, preferably
acidic soil. Water container specimens
moderately, very little in winter. Pruning
is tolerated if necessary. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer. ® All parts may aggravate
skin allergies.

G. alpestris. See G. alpina.

G. alpina, syn. G. alpestris. Evergreen,
rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub. H and
S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Has narrowly oblong
or oval leaves, dark green above, silky¬
haired beneath. Bears tubular, red flowers
in small clusters in spring-summer.

Z9-10 H10-9.

G. banksii , illus. p.450.

G. 'Canberra Gem', illus. p.201.

G. juniperina f. sulphurea, syn.

G. sulphurea, illus. p.206.

G. 'Poorinda Constance'. Evergreen,
bushy, rounded shrub. H and S to 6ft
(2m). Has small, lance-shaped, mid- to
deep green leaves with prickly toothed
margins. Tubular, bright red flowers,
in conspicuous clusters, are borne from
spring to fall, sometimes longer. Z10-11
H12-10.

G. robusta (Silk oak). Fast-growing,
evergreen, upright to conical tree.

H 100ft (30m), S to 50ft (15m). Fernlike
leaves are 6-10in (15-25cm) long. Mature
specimens bear upturned bell-shaped,
bright yellow or orange flowers in
dense, one-sided spikes, 4in (10cm) or
more long, in spring-summer. Z10-11
H12-3.

G. 'Robyn Gordon'. Evergreen,
sprawling shrub. H 3-5ft (1-1.5m),

S 20-60in (50-150cm). Has leathery,
dark green leaves and arching stems that
bear racemes of crimson flowers, with
protruding, recurved styles, from early
spring to late summer. Z13-15 H12-9.

G. rosmarinifolia, illus. p.203.
Evergreen, rounded, well-branched
shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Dark green
leaves are needle-shaped with reflexed
margins, silky-haired beneath. Has

short, dense clusters of tubular, red,
occasionally pink or white flowers
in summer.

G. sulphurea. See G. juniperina
f. sulphurea.

GREYIA

GREYIACEAE/M ELANTHIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous, spring-flowering shrubs and
trees, grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Needs full light and well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in full growth, less at
other times. Remove or shorten flowered
stems after flowering. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Plants grown under glass
need plenty of ventilation.

G. sutherlandii, illus. p.455.

GRINDELIA

Gum plant , Rosinweed
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials, evergreen
perennials and subshrubs, grown for
their flower heads. Needs a warm,
sheltered site. Requires sun and well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in full growth, less at
other times. Remove spent flowering
stems either as they die or in following
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

G. chiloensis, syn. G. speciosa, illus. p.161.
G. speciosa. See G. chiloensis.

GRISELINIA

Tarweed

CORNACEAE/GRISELIN IACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, with
inconspicuous flowers, grown for their
foliage. Thrives in mild, coastal areas where
it is effective as a hedge or windbreak as it
is very wind- and salt-resistant. In colder
areas, provide shelter. Requires sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Restrict growth
and trim hedges in early summer.

Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
G. littoralis (Broadleaf). Fast-growing,
evergreen, upright shrub of dense habit.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Bears oval, leathery
leaves that are bright apple-green. Tiny,
inconspicuous, yellow-green flowers are
borne in late spring. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Dixon's
Cream', H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m), is slower-
growing and has central, creamy-white
leaf variegation. 'Variegata', illus. p.119.
G. lucida. Fast-growing, evergreen,
upright shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).

Is similar to G. littoralis, but has larger,
glossy, dark green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

GUARIANTHE

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

G. bowringiana, syn. Cattleya
howringiana, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
H 18in (45cm). In fall bears large heads
of rose-purple-lipped, magenta flowers,
3in (8cm) across. Has oval, stiff leaves,
3-4in (8-10cm) long. Grow in partial
shade in summer and do not spray
from overhead. Z12-15 HI2-9.

GUNNERA

GUNNERACEAE/HALORAGIDACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown mainly for their foliage. Some
are clump-forming with very large leaves;
others are mat-forming with smaller
leaves. Shelter from wind in summer
and cover with hay or compost in winter.
Some require sun while others do best in
partial shade; all need moist soil. Propagate
by seed in fall or spring; small species by
division in spring.

G. chilensis. See G. tinctoria.

G. magellanica, illus. p.371.

G. manicata, illus. p.443.

G. scabra. See G. tinctoria.

G. tinctoria, syn. G. chilensis, G. scabra.
Robust, rounded, clump-forming perennial.
H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more. Has very large,
rounded, puckered and lobed leaves, lV2-2ft
(45-60cm) across. In early summer
produces dense, conical clusters of tiny,
dull reddish-green flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

GUZMANIA

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
epiphytic perennials, grown for their
overall appearance. Needs semi-shade
and a rooting medium of equal parts rich
soil and either sphagnum moss, or bark
or plastic chips used for orchid culture.
Using soft water, water moderately during
growing season, sparingly at other times,
and keep rosette centers filled with water
from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets
in spring or summer.

G. lingulata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12-18in
(30-45cm). Forms loose rosettes of
broadly strap-shaped, arching, mid-green
leaves. Bears a cluster of tubular, white to
yellow flowers, surrounded by a rosette
of bright red bracts, usually in summer.
Z14-15 H12-1. var. minor, H and S 6in
(15cm), has yellow-green leaves and red
or yellow bracts.

G. monostachia, syn. G. monostachya,

G. tricolor. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 12-16in
(30-40cm). Has dense rosettes of strap¬
shaped, erect to arching, pale to
yellowish-green leaves. In summer,
elongated spikes of tubular, white flowers
emerge from axils of oval bracts,
the upper ones red, the lower ones green
with purple-brown stripes. Z14-15 H12-1.
G. monostachya. See G. monostachia.

G. sanguinea. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H 8in
(20cm), S 12-14in (30-35cm). Has dense,
slightly flat rosettes of broadly strap¬
shaped, arching, mid- to deep green
leaves. In summer, a compact cluster
of tubular, yellow flowers, surrounded
by red bracts, is produced at the heart
of each mature rosette. Z14-15 H12-1.

G. tricolor. See G. monostachia.

G. vittata. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S 14-24in
(35-60cm). Produces fairly loose rosettes
of strap-shaped, erect, dark green leaves
with pale green cross-bands and recurved
tips. Stem bears a compact, egg-shaped
head of small, tubular, white flowers in
summer. Z14-15 H12-1.

GYNURA

GYMNOCALYCIUM

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
masses of funnel-shaped flowers in
spring-summer. Crowns generally bear
smooth, scaly buds. Needs full sun or
partial shade and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring
or summer.

G. andreae. Clump-forming, spherical,
perennial cactus. H 272in (6cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has a glossy, dark green stem
bearing 8 rounded ribs and up to 8 pale
yellow-white spines per areole. Yellow
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are produced
in spring-summer. Zll-12 H12-10.

G. gibbosum, illus. p.481.

G. mihanovichii 'Red Head', syn.

G. mihanovichii 'Hibotan', G. mihanovichii
'Red Cap', illus. p.487.

G. quehlianum. Flattened spherical,
perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (7cm).
Gray-blue to brown stem has 11 or so
rounded ribs. Areoles each produce
5 curved spines. Produces white flowers,
2in (5cm) across, with red throats, in
spring-summer. Is easy to flower. Z13-15
H12-10.

G. schickendantzii. Spherical, perennial
cactus. H and S 4in (10cm). Dark green
stem has 7-14 deeply indented ribs and
long, red-tipped, gray-brown spines. Bears
greenish-white to pale pink flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

GYMNOCARPIUM

DRYOPTERIDACEAE/WOODSIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous,
terrestrial ferns with triangular fronds,
ideal for groundcover. Needs deep shade
and prefers leafy, moist, neutral to acidic
soil. Propagate from spores when ripe,
or divide in spring.

G. dryopteris (Oak fern). Deciduous
fern. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite. Bears
divided fronds, each with a leaf blade
4-7in (10-18cm) long and across, on stem
4in (10cm) long. Pinnae are triangular,
with oblong to ovate, toothed and
scalloped segments. Pale yellowish
green, young fronds darken to vivid
rich green as they mature. Z4-8 HO.

GYMNOCLADUS

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALP1N IACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage. Needs full sun and deep, fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
G. dioica, illus. p.67.

Gynandiris sisyrinchium. S eeMoraea
sisyrinchium.

GYNURA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAir

Genus of evergreen perennials, shrubs and
semi-scrambling climbers, grown for their
ornamental foliage or flower heads. Requires
a lightly shaded position in summer and any
fertile, well-drained soil. Water moderately
throughout the year, less in cool conditions;
do not overwater. Provide support for stems.
Remove stem tips to encourage branching.
Propagate by softwood or semiripe cuttings
in spring or summer.

589

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GYPSOPHILA

G. aurantiaca, illus. p.462. 'Purple
Passion', syn. G. sarmentosa is an
evergreen, erect, woody-based, soft-
stemmed shrub or semi-scrambling
climber. H 2ft (60cm) or more. Stems
and lance-shaped, lobed, serrated leaves
are covered with velvety, purple hairs.
Leaves are purple-green above, deep
red-purple beneath. In winter, clusters
of daisylike, orange-yellow flower heads
are produced and these become purplish
as they mature. Z14-15 H12-10.

G. sarmentosa. See G. aurantiaca
'Purple Passion'.

GYPSOPHILA

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals
and perennials, some of which are
semievergreen. Needs sun. Prefers deep,
well-drained soil but tolerates dry, sandy
and stony soils. Resents being disturbed.
Cut back after flowering for a second flush
of flowers. Propagate G. paniculata
cultivars by grafting in winter, others by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall or spring.

G. cerastioides, illus. p.349.

G. elegans , illus. p.299.

G. paniculata (Baby's breath). 'Bristol
Fairy', illus. p.231. 'Flamingo' is a
spreading, short-lived perennial. H 2-272ft
(60-75cm), S 3ft (lm). In summer bears
panicles of numerous, small, rounded,
double, pale pink flowers on wiry,
branching stems. Has small, linear, mid¬
green leaves.

G. repens. Semievergreen, prostrate
perennial with much-branched rhizomes.
H l-2in (2.5-5cm) or more, S 12in (30cm)
or more. In summer produces sprays
of small, rounded, white, lilac or pink
flowers on slender stems on which are
borne narrowly oval, bluish-green leaves.
Is excellent for a rock garden, wall or
dry bank. May also be propagated by
division in spring. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Dorothy
Teacher', illus. p.362.

590

H

HAAGEOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
ribbed, densely spiny, columnar, green
stems branching from the base. Requires
full sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

H. ambiguus. See H. decumbens.

H. chosicensis. See H. pseudomelanostele.
H. decumbens, syn. H. ambiguus, H.
litoralis. Prostrate, perennial cactus.

H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm). Stems, 2Vain
(6cm) across, with 20 or so ribs, have
dark brown, central spines, 2in (5cm)
long, and shorter, dense, golden, radial
spines. Tubular, white flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, are produced in summer near
crowns, only on mature plants.

Z13-15 H12-10.

H. litoralis. See H. decumbens.

H. pseudomelanostele, syn. H.
chosicensis. Upright, perennial cactus. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Green stem, 4in (10cm)
across, with 19 or so ribs, bears white,
golden or red, central spines and shorter,
dense, bristly, white, radial ones. Has
tubular, white, lilac-white or pinkish-red
flowers, 3in (7cm) long, near crown in
summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

H. versicolor. Columnar, perennial
cactus. H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm). Dense,
golden, red or brown, radial spines at
times form colored bands around a longer,
central spine up the green stem. Long-
tubed, white flowers are borne near
crown of plant in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

HABENARIA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

H. radiata, illus. p.408.

HABERLEA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosetted perennials,
grown for their sprays of flowers. Is useful
on walls. Needs partial shade and moist
soil. Resents disturbance to roots.

Propagate by seed in spring or by leaf
cuttings or offsets in early summer.

H. ferdinandi-coburgii. Evergreen,
dense, basal-rosetted perennial. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oblong,
toothed, dark green leaves, hairy below,
almost glabrous above. Sprays of funnel-
shaped, blue-violet flowers, each with a
white throat, are borne on long stems in
late spring and early summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

H. rhodopensis. Evergreen, dense, basal-
rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm)
or more. Is similar to H. ferdinandi-coburgii,
but leaves are hairy on both surfaces. Z5-7
H7-5. 'Virginalis' illus. p.359.

HABRANTHUS

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering bulbs,
grown for their funnel-shaped flowers.
Needs a sheltered, sunny site and fertile

soil, which is well supplied with moisture
in growing season. Propagate by seed or
offsets in spring.

H. andersonii. See H. tubispathus.

H. brachyandrus. Summer-flowering
bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).
Long, linear, semierect, narrow leaves form
a basal cluster. Each flower stem bears a
semierect, widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-
red flower, 3^1in (7-10cm) long. Z10-11
H12-10.

H. robustus, syn. Zephyranthes robusta,
illus. p.426.

H. tubispathus, syn. H. andersonii.
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm),

S 2in (5cm). Has linear, semierect, basal
leaves and a succession of flower stems
each bearing solitary, funnel-shaped
flowers, 1-I72in (2.5-3.5cm) long, yellow
inside, copper-red outside. Z10-11
H12-10.

HACQUETIA

syn. DONDIA

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennial that creeps slowly,
grown for its yellow or yellow-green flower
heads borne on leafless plants in late
winter and early spring. Is good in rock
gardens. Prefers shade and rich, moist soil.
Resents disturbance to roots. Propagate
by division in spring, by seed when fresh
in fall or by root cuttings in winter.

H. epipactis, illus. p.356.

HAEMANTHUS

AMARYLLI DACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs,
grown for their dense heads of small,
star-shaped flowers, often brightly
colored. Prefers full sun or partial shade
and well-drained soil or sandy compost.
Liquid feed in the growing season. Leave
undisturbed as long as possible before
replanting. Propagate by offsets or seed
before growth commences in early
spring. ® All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested; contact with
the sap may irritate skin.

H. albiflos (Shaving brush plant. White
paintbrush). Summer-flowering bulb.

H 2-12in (5-30cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has
2-6 almost prostrate, broadly elliptic leaves
with hairy edges. Flower stem, produced
between leaves, bears a brushlike head of
up to 50 white flowers with very narrow
petals and protruding stamens. Z13-15
H12-10.

H. coccineus, illus. p.423.

H. katherinae. See Scadoxus multiflorus
subsp. katherinae.

H. magnificus. See Scadoxus puniceus.

H. multiflorus. See Scadoxus
multiflorus.

H. natalensis. See Scadoxus puniceus.

H. puniceus. See Scadoxus puniceus.

H. sanguineus. Summer-flowering bulb.

H to 12in (30cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Bears
2 prostrate, elliptic, rough, dark green
leaves, hairy beneath. Brownish-purple-
spotted, green flower stem, forming before
leaves, produces a dense head of small,
narrow-petaled, red flowers, surrounded
by whorls of narrow, leaflike, red or pink
bracts. Z13-15 H12-10.

HAKEA

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their often needlelike leaves
and their flowers. Is very wind-resistant,
except in cold areas. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately in growing season,
but only sparingly in winter. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

H. drupacea, syn. H. suaveolens.
Evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 6ft (2m)
or more. Leaves are divided into
cylindrical, needlelike leaflets or
occasionally are undivided and lance¬
shaped. Small, fragrant, tubular, white
flowers, in short, dense clusters, are
produced from summer to winter. Z10-11
H12-9.

H. lissosperma, syn. H. sericea
(Mountain hakea). Evergreen, upright,
densely branched shrub of pine-like
appearance. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears
long, slender, sharply pointed, gray-green
leaves and, in late spring and early
summer, produces clusters of small,
spidery, white flowers. Z10-11 H12-10.

H. sericea of gardens. See H. lissosperma.
H. suaveolens. See H. drupacea.

HAKONECHLOA

Hakone grass
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

H. macra 'Aureola', illus. p.289.

HALESIA

Silverbell, Snowdrop tree
STYRACACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
trees and shrubs, grown for their showy,
pendent, bell-shaped flowers and their
curious, winged fruits. Needs a sunny,
sheltered position. Prefers moist but well-
drained, neutral to acid soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

H. Carolina, syn. H. tetraptera (Carolina
silverbell). Deciduous, spreading tree or
shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval leaves
are mid-green. Masses of bell-shaped,
white flowers, hanging from bare shoots,
produced in late spring, are followed
by 4-winged, green fruits. Z5-8 H8-4.

H. monticola , illus. p.71.

H. tetraptera. See H. Carolina.

x HALIMIOCISTUS

CISTACEAE ~

Hybrid genus ( Cistus x Halimium) of
evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer,
x H. sahucii, syn. Cistus revolii, illus.
p.149.

x H. wintonensis, syn. Halimium
wintonense. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Saucer-shaped,
white flowers, each with deep red bands
and a yellow center, are produced amid
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves in late
spring and early summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HEBE

HALIMIUM

CISTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Is good for coastal gardens.

Prefers full sun and light, well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
H. formosum. See H. lasianthum subsp.
formosum.

H. lasianthum. Evergreen, bushy,
spreading shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m).
Leaves are oval and gray-green. In late
spring and early summer bears saucer¬
shaped, golden-yellow flowers, sometimes
with small, central, red blotches. Z9-11
H12-9. subsp. formosum, syn. H.
formosum , illus. p.161.

H. ocymoides, syn. Cistus algarvensis.
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 2ft (60cm),

S 3ft (lm). Narrowly oval leaves, covered
in white hairs when young, mature to dark
green. In early summer has upright clusters
of saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers,
conspicuously blotched with black or
purple. Z9-11 H12-9. 'Susan'. See
H. 'Susan'.

H. 'Susan', syn. H. ocymoides 'Susan',
illus. p.160.

H. umbellatum, syn. Helianthemum
umbellatum, illus. p.149.

H. wintonense. See Halimiocistus
wintonensis.

HAMAMELIS

Witch hazel

H AMAM ELI DACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, fall- to early spring¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their fall color
and fragrant, frost-resistant flowers, each
with 4 narrowly strap-shaped petals. Needs
sun or partial shade and prefers fertile,
well-drained, peaty, acid soil, although
tolerates good, deep soil over chalk.
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected
forms by softwood cuttings in summer, by
budding in late summer or by grafting in
winter. See also feature panel p.118.

H. x intermedia 'Aphrodite' (illus. p.118)
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 12ft
(4m) or more. Has oval, bright green
leaves. Bears masses of large, fragrant,
spidery, golden-orange flowers, along bare
branches, in winter. 'Arnold Promise'
(illus. p.118) has a spreading habit, bright
green leaves that turn to yellow in fall and
yellow flowers in mid- and late winter.
'Barmstedt Gold' (illus. p.118) has deep
golden-yellow flowers, with red-tinted
bases, and leaves that turn to yellow in fall.
'Diane' has deep red flowers from mid- to
late winter. Leaves turn yellow and red in
fall. Z5-9 H9-1. 'Jelena' (illus. p.118) has
coppery-orange flowers from early to mid¬
winter and bright orange or red leaves in
fall. 'Pallida', syn. H. mollis 'Pallida' (illus.
p.118), S 10ft (3m), bears dense clusters of
large, sulfur-yellow flowers. 'Primavera'
(illus. p.118) has yellow flowers in late
winter and early spring. 'Robert' (illus.
p.118) has orange-red flowers. 'Vesna'
produces golden-yellow flowers flushed
with red. Z5-9 H9-1.

H. japonica (Japanese witch hazel).
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and
S 12ft (4m). Broadly oval, glossy, mid-green
leaves turn yellow in fall. Fragrant, yellow
flowers, with crinkled petals, are produced
on bare branches from mid- to late winter.

Z5-9 H9-5. 'Sulphurea', illus. p.118.
'Zuccariniana' bears paler, lemon-yellow
flowers in early spring and mid-green
leaves turn orange-yellow in fall.

H. mollis (Chinese witch hazel).

Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and
S 12ft (4m) or more. Broadly oval, mid¬
green leaves turn yellow in fall. Produces
extremely fragrant, spidery, yellow flowers,
along bare branches, in mid- and late
winter. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Coombe Wood'
has golden-yellow flowers. Z5-9 H9-1.
'Jermyn's Gold' bears large clusters
of broad-petaled, bright yellow flowers.
'Pallida'. See H. x intermedia 'Pallida'.

H. vernalis 'Sandra'. Deciduous,
upright, open shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
Bears small, fragrant, spidery, deep yellow
flowers in late winter and early spring.

Oval leaves are purple when young, mid¬
green in summer and purple, red, orange
and yellow in fall. Z4-8 H9-5.

H. virginiana (Common witch hazel).
Deciduous, open, upright shrub. H and
S 15ft (5m). Small, fragrant, spidery, yellow
flowers, with 4 narrow petals, are produced
in fall as leaves fall. Broadly oval leaves
turn yellow in fall. Z3-8 H8-1.

Hamatocactus hamatacanthus. See

Ferocactus hamatacanthus.

Hamatocactus uncinatus. See

Sclerocactus uncinatus.

HARDENBERGIA

Coral pea

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers or subshrubs, grown for
their curtains of leaves and racemes of
pealike flowers. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil that does not dry out. Propagate
by stem cuttings in late summer or fall or
by seed (soaked before sowing) in spring.

H. comptoniana, illus. p.194.

H. monophylla. See H. violacea.

H. violacea, syn. H. monophylla (Purple
coral pea). Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H to 10ft (3m). Narrowly
oval leaves are l-5in (2.5-12cm) long.

Violet, occasionally pink or white, flowers,
with yellow blotches on upper petals, are
borne in spring. Brownish pods, RA-lVdn
(3-4cm) long, are produced in fall. Z12-15
H12-10. 'Happy Wanderer' illus. p.462.

HATIORA

CACTACEAE

Genus of perennial, epiphytic cacti, grown
for their short, jointed, cylindrical stems,
each swollen at one end like a bottle.
Requires partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Keep damp in summer;
water a little in winter. Propagate by stem
cuttings in spring or summer.

H. clavata. See Rhipsalis gaertneri.

H. gaertneri, syn. Rhipsalidopsis
gaertneri, illus. p.487.

H. rosea, syn. Rhipsalidopsis rosea,
illus. p.485.

H. salicornioides, syn. Rhipsalis
salicomioides (Drunkard's dream).

Bushy, perennial, epiphytic cactus. H and
S 1ft (30cm). Has freely branching stems,
lVun (3cm) long, joints with expanded
tips and, in spring, terminal, bell-shaped,
golden-yellow flowers. Z13-15 H12-10.

HAWORTH IA

LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE ~

Genus of basal-rosetted, clump-forming,
perennial succulents, grown for their
triangular to rounded, green leaves. Roots
tend to wither in winter or during long
periods of drought. Needs partial shade
to stay green and grow quickly; if planted
in full sun turns red or orange and grows
slowly. Requires very well-drained soil.
Keep dry in winter. Propagate by seed
or division from spring to fall.

H. arachnoidea, syn. H. setata, illus.
p.491.

H. attenuata, illus. p.480.

H. x cuspidata. Clump-forming, perennial
succulent. H 2in (5cm), S lOin (25cm).
Produces a basal rosette of smooth,
rounded, fleshy, light green leaves covered
with translucent marks. Tubular to bell¬
shaped, white flowers are produced from
spring to fall on long, slender stems.

Z13-15 H12-10.

H. fasciata. Slow-growing, clump¬
forming, perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has raised, white dots, mostly
in bands, on undersides of triangular,
slightly incurved leaves, to 3in (8cm) long,
which are arranged in a basal rosette.

Bears tubular to bell-shaped, white flowers,
on long, slender stems, from spring to fall.
Z12-15 H12-10.

H. setata. See H. arachnoidea.

H. truncata, illus. p.492.

HEATHERS

ERICACEAE ~

Heathers (otherwise known as heaths) are
evergreen, woody-stemmed shrubs, grown
for their flowers and foliage, both of which
may provide color in the garden all year
round. There are 3 genera: Calluna,

Daboecia and Erica. Calluna has only one
species, C. vulgaris, but it contains a large
number of cultivars that flower mainly
from mid-summer to late fall. Daboecia
has 2 species, both of which are summer¬
flowering. The largest genus is Erica, which,
although broadly divided into 2 groups—
winter- and summer-flowering species—has
some species also flowering in spring and
fall. They vary in height from tree heaths,
which may grow to 20ft (6m), to dwarf,
prostrate plants that, if planted apart, soon
spread to form a thick mat of groundcover.

Heathers prefer an open, sunny position
and require rich, well-drained soil. Calluna
and Daboecia dislike limestone and must
be grown in acid soil; some species of Erica
tolerate slightly alkaline soil but all are
better grown in acid soils. Prune lightly
after flowering each year to keep plants
bushy and compact. Propagate species
by seed in spring or by softwood cuttings,
division or layering in summer. Seed cannot
be relied onto come true. All cultivars
should be vegetatively propagated.

Heathers are illustrated on p.166.

HEBE

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
often dense spikes, panicles or racemes of
flowers and for their foliage. Grows well in
coastal areas. Smaller species and cultivars

are suitable for rock gardens. Requires full
sun and well-drained soil. Growth may be
restricted, or leggy plants tidied, by cutting
back in spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

H. albicans, illus. p.151. 'Cranleigh
Gem' is an evergreen, rounded shrub.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has dense spikes
of small, 4-lobed, white flowers, with
conspicuous, black anthers, amid narrowly
oval, gray-green leaves in early summer.
Z9-10 H10-9.

H. 'Alicia Amherst'. Fast-growing,
evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 4ft
(1.2m). Has large, oblong, glossy, dark
green leaves and, in late summer-fall, large
spikes of small, 4-lobed, deep violet-purple
flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

H. x andersonii 'Variegata', syn.

H. 'Andersonii Variegata'. Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are
oblong and dark green, each with a gray-
green center and creamy-white margins.
Has dense spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Z10-11
H12-10.

H. 'Autumn Glory', illus. p.157.

H. 'Bowles's Variety', illus. p.157.

H. brachysiphon. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has oblong,
dark green leaves. Produces dense spikes
of small, 4-lobed, white flowers in mid¬
summer. Z8-10 H10-8. 'White Gem'. See
H. 'White Gem'.

H. buchananii. Evergreen, dome-shaped
shrub. H and S 6in (15cm) or more. Very
dark stems bear oval, bluish-green leaves.
In summer produces clusters of small,
4-lobed, white flowers at stem tips. Z8-10
H10-8. 'Minor', H 2-4in (5-10cm), has
smaller leaves.

H. canterburiensis, syn. H. 'Tom
Marshall'. Evergreen, spreading shrub.

H and S 1—3ft (30-90cm). Small, oval, glossy,
dark green leaves are densely packed on
stems. In early summer, short racemes of
small, white flowers are freely produced in
leaf axils. Z8-10H10-8.

H. 'Carl Teschner'. See Ft. 'Youngii'.

H. carnosula. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
Has small, oblong to oval, slightly convex,
fleshy, glaucous leaves. Terminal clusters of
many small, white flowers, with 4 pointed
lobes, are borne in late spring or early
summer. Z9-10 H10-8.

H. cupressoides, illus. p.165. 'Boughton
Dome', illus. p.347.

H. 'E.A. Bowles', illus. p.157.

H. 'Eveline', syn. H. 'Gauntlettii'.
Evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm).
Has long spikes of small, 4-lobed, pink
flowers, each with a purplish tube, amid
rich green, oblong leaves from late summer
to late faU. Z10-11 HI 1-9.

H. 'Fairfieldii'. Evergreen, upright shrub.
H and S 2ft (60cm). Oval, toothed, glossy,
bright green leaves are red-margined.
Large, open panicles of small, 4-lobed, pale
lilac flowers are produced in late spring
and early summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

H. x franciscana 'Blue Gem'. Evergreen,
spreading shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).
Has oblong, densely arranged, mid-green
leaves. Dense spikes of small, 4-lobed,
violet-blue flowers are borne from mid¬
summer until early winter. Z9-10 H10-9.

H. 'Gauntlettii'. See H. 'Eveline'.

H. 'Great Orme', illus. p.153.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HEDERA

H. hulkeana. Evergreen, upright, open
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Oval, toothed,
glossy, dark green leaves have red margins.
Has masses of small, 4-lobed, pale lilac
flowers in large, open panicles in late
spring and early summer. Z9-11 H12-10.
'Lilac Hint', illus. p.152.

H. 'La Seduisante', syn. H. 'Ruddigore',
H. speciosa 'Ruddigore'. Evergreen,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Oval,
glossy, deep green leaves are purple
beneath. Produces small, 4-lobed, deep
purplish-red flowers in large spikes from
late summer to late fall. Z9-11 H12-9.

H. macrantha. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has oval, toothed,
fleshy, bright green leaves and produces
racemes of large, 4-lobed, pure white
flowers in early summer. May become
bare at base. Z9-11 H12-9.

H. 'Midsummer Beauty'. Evergreen,
rounded, open shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft
(1.5m). Long, narrow, glossy, bright green
leaves are reddish-purple beneath. Long
spikes of small, 4-lobed, lilac flowers that
fade to white are borne from mid-summer
to late fan. Z9-11 H12-9.

H. ochracea. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Slender shoots are
densely covered with tiny, scalelike, ocher-
tinged, olive-green leaves. Clusters of
small, 4-lobed, white flowers are borne in
late spring and early summer. Z8-10 H10-8.
H. pinguifolia (Disk-leaved hebe). Z8-10
H10-8. 'Pagei' illus. p.337.

H. 'Purple Queen', illus. p.157.

H. rakaiensis. Evergreen, rounded,
compact shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m).
Produces small, dense spikes of 4-lobed,
white flowers amid small, oblong, mid¬
green leaves from early to mid-summer.
Z8-10 H10-8.

H. recurva , illus. p.151.

H. 'Ruddigore'. See H. 'La Seduisante'.

H. salicifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has long, narrow,
pointed, pale green leaves and, in summer,
produces slender spikes of small, 4-lobed,
white or pale lilac flowers. Z8-10 H10-8.

H. speciosa 'Ruddigore'. See H. 'La
Seduisante'.

H. 'Tom Marshall'. See H. canterburiensis.
H. vernicosa , illus. p.337.

H. 'White Gem', syn. H. brachysiphon
'White Gem', illus. p.149.

H. 'Youngii', syn. H. 'Carl Teschner'.
Evergreen, prostrate, becoming dome¬
shaped, shrub. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more. Blackish-brown stems are covered
in small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves.
Bears short racemes of tiny, 4-lobed, white-
throated, purple flowers in summer. Is
excellent as a border plant. Z8-9 H9-8.

HEDERA

Ivy

ARALIACEAE

592

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
trailing perennials and self-clinging
climbers with adventitious rootlets, used
for covering walls and fences and as
groundcover. Takes a year or so to become
established, but thereafter growth is rapid.
On the ground and while climbing, mostly
bears roughly triangular, usually lobed
leaves. Given extra height and access to
light, leaves become less lobed and, in fall,
umbels of small, yellowish-green flowers

are produced, followed by globose, black,
occasionally yellow, fruits. Ivies with green
leaves are very shade tolerant and do well
against a north-facing wall. Those with
variegated or yellow leaves prefer more
light, are usually less hardy and may
sustain frost and wind damage in severe
winters. All prefer well-drained, alkaline
soil. Prune in spring to control height and
spread, and to remove any damaged
growth. Propagate in late summer by
softwood cuttings or rooted layers. Red
spider mite may be a problem when plants
are grown against a south-facing wall or
in dry conditions. ® All parts of ivy may
cause severe discomfort if ingested; contact
with the sap may aggravate skin allergies
or irritate skin.

H. algeriensis, syn. H. canariensis. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, self-clinging climber.

H to 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). May be damaged
in severe winters but soon recovers. Has
oval to triangular, unlobed, glossy, mid¬
green leaves and reddish-purple stems.

Is suitable for growing against a wall in
a sheltered area. Z6-11 H12-6. 'Gloire de
Marengo' has silver-variegated leaves.
'Ravensholst' is vigorous with large
leaves; makes good groundcover.

H. canariensis of gardens. See
H. algeriensis.

H. colchica (Colchis ivy, Persian ivy).
Evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing
perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has
large, oval, unlobed, dark green leaves. Is
suitable for growing against a wall. Z6-11
H12-1. 'Dentata' is more vigorous and
has large, light green leaves that droop,
hence its common name. Is good when
grown against a wall or for groundcover.
'Dentata Variegata', H 15ft (5m), has
variegated, cream-yellow leaves; is useful
to brighten a shady corner. 'Paddy's
Pride'. See H. colchica 'Sulphur Heart'.
'Sulphur Heart', syn. H. colchica 'Paddy's
Pride' illus. p.211.

H. cypria, syn. H. pastuchovii var. cypria.
Vigorous, evergreen, self-clinging climber.

H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped,
glossy, dark green leaves with prominent,
gray-green veins. Should be grown only
against a wall. Z5-11 H12-6.

H. helix (English ivy). Vigorous,
evergreen, self-clinging climber or trailing
perennial. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has
5-lobed, dark green leaves. Makes good
wall cover, but can be invasive if used for
groundcover. For a small garden, the more
decorative cultivars are preferable. Z5-11
H12-6. 'Adam', H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm),
has small, light green leaves variegated-
yellow; may suffer leaf damage in winter,
but will recover. 'Angularis Aurea',

H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has glossy, light
green leaves, with bright yellow
variegation; is not suitable as groundcover.
'Anna Marie', H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm), has
light green leaves with cream variegation,
mostly at margins; may suffer leaf damage
in winter. 'Atropurpurea', syn. H. helix
'Purpurea', H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m), has
dark green leaves that turn deep purple in
winter, var. baltica, syn. H. helix 'Baltica',
an exceptionally hardy cultivar, has small
leaves and makes good groundcover in an
exposed area. 'Baltica'. See H. helix var.
baltica. 'Buttercup', H 6ft (2m), S 8ft
(2.5m), has light green leaves that turn rich
butter-yellow in full sun. Z5-11 HI 1-6.

'Caenwoodiana'. See H. helix 'Pedata'.
'Congesta', H lVzft (45cm), S 2ft (60cm),
is a non-climbing, erect cultivar with spire¬
like shoots and small leaves; is suitable
for a rock garden. 'Conglomerata',

H and S 3ft (lm), has small, curly, unlobed
leaves; will clamber over a low wall or
grow in a rock garden. 'Cristata'. See
H. helix 'Parsley Crested'. 'Curylocks'.

See H. helix 'Manda's Crested'.
'Deltoidea'. See H. hibemica 'Deltoidea'.
'Digitata'. See H. hibernica 'Digitata'.
'Erecta', H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m), is a
non-climbing, erect cultivar similar to
H.helix 'Congesta'. Z5-11 Hll-6. 'Eva',

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm), has small, gray-
green leaves with cream variegation; may
suffer leaf damage in winter. 'Glacier',
illus. p.211. 'Glymii', H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft
(2m), has glossy, dark green leaves that
turn deep purple in winter; is not suitable
for groundcover. 'Goldchild', syn.

H. helix 'Gold Harald', H 3ft (lm), has
small, 3-5-lobed, gray-green leaves with
broad, yellow margins. 'Gold Harald'.

See H. helix 'Goldchild'. 'Goldheart'. See
H. helix 'Oro di Bogliasco'. 'Gracilis'.

See H. hibernica 'Gracilis'. 'Green
Ripple', H and S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green
leaves with prominent, light green veins;
is good for groundcover or for growing
against a low wall. 'Hahn's Self¬
branching'. See H. helix 'Pittsburgh'.
'Heise', H 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm), has
small, gray-green leaves with cream
variegation; is suitable as groundcover
for a small, sheltered area. var.
hibernica. See H. hibernica. 'Ivalace',

H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m), has curled and
crimped, glossy leaves; is good for
groundcover and for growing against
a low wall. 'Jubilaum Goldherz'. See
H. helix 'Oro di Bogliasco'. 'Jubilee
Goldheart'. See H. helix 'Oro di
Bogliasco'. 'Konigers Auslese', syn.

H. helix 'Sagittifolia', H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft
(lm), has finger-like, deeply cut leaves;
is not suitable for groundcover. 'Little
Diamond', is slow-growing and has
entire, diamond-shaped, gray-green
leaves, variegated creamy-white. 'Lobata
Major'. See H. hibernica 'Lobata Major'.
'Manda's Crested', syn. H. helix
'Curylocks', H and S 6ft (2m), has wavy-
edged, mid-green leaves that turn a
coppery shade in winter. 'Merion
Beauty', H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm),
delicately lobed leaves; is not suitable
for groundcover. 'Nigra', H and S 4ft
(1.2m), has small, very dark green leaves
that turn purple-black in winter. 'Oro
di Bogliasco', syn. H. helix 'Goldheart',

H. helix 'Jubilaum Goldherz', H. helix
'Jubilee Goldheart', illus. p.211. 'Parsley
Crested', syn. H. helix 'Cristata', H 6ft
(2m), S 4ft (1.2m), has light green leaves,
crested at margins; is not suitable for
groundcover. 'Pedata', syn. H. helix
'Caenwoodiana' (Bird's-foot ivy), H 12ft
(4m), S 10ft (3m), has gray-green leaves
shaped like a bird's foot; is not suitable
for groundcover. 'Pittsburgh', syn.

H. helix 'Hahn's Self-branching', H 3ft
(lm), S 4ft (1.2m), has mid-green leaves;
is suitable for growing against a low wall
and for groundcover. f. poetarum, syn.

H. helix 'Poetica', H. helix 'Poetica
Arborea' (Italian ivy. Poet's ivy), H 10ft
(3m), is slow-growing with large, 5-lobed,

shiny, mid-green leaves. Is often grown
as a "bush ivy", as it bears distinctive,
orange-yellow fruit, even on comparatively
young plants. 'Poetica'. See H. helix
f. poetarum. 'Poetica Arborea'. See
H. helix f. poetarum. 'Purpurea'. See
H. helix 'Atropurpurea'. 'Sagittifolia' of
gardens. See H. helix 'Konigers Auslese'.
'Telecurl', H and S 3ft (lm), has twisted,
light green leaves. 'Triton', H lVzft
(45cm), S 3ft (lm), is a non-climbing
cultivar that has leaves with deeply
incised lobes that resemble whips; makes
good groundcover. 'Woeneri', H 12ft
(4m), S 10ft (3m), is a vigorous cultivar
that has bluntly lobed, gray-green leaves,
with lighter colored veins, that turn
purple in winter.

H. hibernica , syn. H. helix var. hibernica
(Irish ivy). Vigorous, evergreen climber.

H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, mid¬
green leaves. Tends to escape cultivation
in temperate regions. Z6-11 H12-6.
'Deltoidea', syn. H. helix 'Deltoidea'
(Sweetheart ivy), H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m),
has heart-shaped leaves; is suitable only
for growing against a wall. 'Digitata',
syn. H. helix 'Digitata' (Finger-leaved ivy),
H 20ft (6m), has large leaves; is not
suitable for groundcover. 'Gracilis', syn.
H. helix 'Gracilis', H 15ft (5m), has sharply
lobed, dark green leaves that turn bronze-
purple in winter; is not suitable for
groundcover. 'Lobata Major', syn. H.
helix 'Lobata Major', H 15ft (5m), is
vigorous with large, 3-lobed leaves.
'Sulphurea', H and S 10ft (3m), has
medium-sized leaves with sulfur-yellow
variegation; is suitable for growing
against a wall or for groundcover, and as
a foil for brightly colored plants.

H. nepalensis (Nepalese ivy). Evergreen,
self-clinging climber. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft
(2.5m). Young growth may suffer damage
from late frosts. Has oval to triangular,
toothed, olive-green leaves and is suitable
only for growing against a sheltered wall.
Z8-11 H12-1. 'Suzanne', H 6ft (2m), has
5-lobed leaves with backward-pointing
basal lobes.

H. pastuchovii. Moderately vigorous,
evergreen, self-clinging climber. H 8ft
(2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has shield-shaped,
glossy, dark green leaves. Should be
grown only against a wall. Z6-11 H12-6.
var. cypria. See H. cypria.

H. rhombea (Japanese ivy). Evergreen,
self-clinging climber. H and S 4ft (1.2m).

Has small, fairly thick, diamond-shaped,
unlobed, mid-green leaves. Is suitable for
growing only against a low wall. Z6-11
H12-6. 'Variegata' has leaves with
narrow, white margins.

HEDYCHIUM

Garland flower\ Ginger lily
ZING1BERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with sturdy, fleshy
rhizomes. Fragrant, showy flowers are
short-lived, but borne profusely. Grow
in sheltered borders and conservatories.
Requires sun and rich, moist soil.

Propagate by division in spring; should not
be divided when dormant. See also feature
panel p.477.

H. coccineum (Red ginger lily. Scarlet
ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has long-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

stalked, narrowly lance-shaped, grayish-
green leaves. Bears spikes of short-lived,
orange to red flowers, each with a 2-lobed
lip, in summer. Is very variable, with many
named forms, some of which are frost
hardy. Z8-10 H10-8.

H. coronarium (Garland flower. White
ginger lily). Upright, rhizomatous
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm).
Produces dense spikes of very fragrant,
butterfly-like, white flowers with basal,
yellow blotches in mid-summer. Lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves are downy
beneath. Z7-11 H12-6.

H. densiflorum , illus. p.477. Clump¬
forming, rhizomatous perennial. H 4—6ft
(1.2-2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears a profusion
of short-lived, fragrant, orange or yellow
flowers in dense spikes in late summer.
Broadly lance-shaped leaves are glossy,
mid-green. Z8-11 Hll-8.

H. flavescens. Upright, rhizomatous
perennial. H 3—6ft (l-2m), S 3ft (lm). Lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves are softly hairy.
Produces spikes of short-lived, very
fragrant, pale to lemon-yellow flowers,
each with a 2-lobed lip, in late fall. Is good
in a tub. Z9-11 H12-8.

H. gardnerianum, illus. p.476.

H. gracile. Arching, rhizomatous
perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 20in (50cm).

In summer, thin stems bear short-lived,
sometimes fragrant, white flowers, each
with a narrow, 2-lobed lip, narrow sepals
and red stamens. Has lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves. Requires staking. Is good in
a raised container or on a bank. Z8-10
H10-7.

H. horsfieldii, syn. Brachychilum
horsfieldii. Clump-forming, tufted
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has short-
stalked, lance-shaped, leathery leaves.
Produces showy, tubular, yellow-and-
white flowers, in summer, followed by
orange fruits that open to reveal red
seeds. Z10-12 H12-9.

H. maximum , illus. p.477. Upright,
rhizomatous perennial. H 6—10ft (2-3m),

S 3ft (lm). Has large, thick stems bearing
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short¬
lived, fragrant, pale yellow flowers, with
golden centers and 2-lobed lip, are
produced in fall. Z8-11 Hll-8.

H. x moorei 'Tara', illus. p.220.

H. stenopetalum, illus. p.477. Upright,
rhizomatous perennial. H 10—13ft (3-4m),

S 3ft (lm) or more. Has very large, thick
stems bearing lance-shaped, deep green
leaves that are hairy beneath. Short-lived,
white flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip, are
borne in a spike in late summer and fall.

Is prone to wind damage. Z9-11 Hll-8.

H. thyrsiforme, illus. p.477. Upright,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3—6ft (l-2m),

S 20in (50cm). Broadly lance-shaped leaves
are dark green. Small, short-lived, white
flowers, each with a 2-lobed lip and very
long stamens, are borne in fall-winter.
Flower spike is wider than tall, which
distinguishes it from other species. Z8-11
Hll-7.

H. yunnanense, illus. p.477. Upright,
rhizomatous perennial. H 20-32in
(50-80cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Short¬
lived, fragrant, cream and white flowers,
each with a 2-lobed lip, are produced in
summer. Z9-11 Hll-8.

HEDYOTIS

Bluets

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of mat-forming, summer-flowering
perennials. Prefers shade and moist, sandy
leaf mold. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in fall.

H. michauxii, syn. Houstonia serpyllifolia,
illus. p.369.

HEDYSARUM

LEGUMIIMOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, biennials and
deciduous subshrubs. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil. Roots resent being disturbed.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

H. coronarium, illus. p.235.

Heeria. See Heterocentron.

Heimerliodendron brunonianum. See

Pisonia umbellifera.

HELENIUM

Sneezeweed

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering
perennials, grown for their daisylike flower
heads, each with a prominent, central disc.
Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall.

® All parts may cause severe discomfort if
ingested; contact with foliage may
aggravate skin allergies. See also feature
panel p.248.

H. 'Biedermeier'. Clump-forming, erect,
bushy perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
In late summer, erect stems bear sprays of
yellow-tipped, red flower heads with a
central, dark brown disc. The ray florets
become reflexed with age. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Biopip'. See H. Pipsqueak.

Hl. 'Bressingham Gold'. Erect, bushy
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Sturdy
stems are clothed in lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves. Produces sprays of bright
yellow flower heads in late summer-fall.
Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Bruno', illus. p.248. Erect, bushy
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 21/2ft (75cm).
Sprays of deep bronze-red flower heads
are borne in late summer-fall. Sturdy stems
are clothed in lance-shaped leaves. Z4-8
H8-1.

H. 'Butterpat', illus. p.248. Compact
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has
sturdy stems clothed in lance-shaped leaves.
Bears sprays of rich deep yellow flower
heads in late summer-fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Coppelia'. Clump-forming, erect,
bushy perennial. H to 32in (80cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In mid- to late summer bears sprays
of deep reddish-orange flower heads,
which fade with age, with central, brown
discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Double Trouble', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in
(80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. In mid- to late summer
produces sprays of double, bright yellow
flower heads with twin layers of ray florets,
held horizontally. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Dunkelpracht'. Clump-forming,
erect, bushy perennial. H to 3ft (lm),

S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green

leaves. In late summer bears sprays of dark
brown-red flower heads. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Feuersiegel', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in
(100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm). Has lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. In mid- to late
summer produces sprays of rich yellow
flower heads with horizontally held ray
florets, marked with an irregular, orange-
red band, and central, soft brown discs.
Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Indianersommer', illus. p.248.
Clump-forming, erect, bushy perennial.

H to 36in (100cm) or more, S 18in (45cm).
Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In
mid- to late summer bears sprays of dark
brownish-red flower heads, aging to
orange and yellow, and central, greenish-
brown discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Moerheim Beauty', illus. p.254.

H. Pipsqueak ('Blopip'). Clump-forming,
compact, bushy perennial. H to 2ft (60cm),

S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In mid- to late summer produces
sprays of shuttlecock-shaped, yellow flower
heads with short, reflexed ray florets and
large, central, rich brown discs. Z4-8 H8-1.
H. 'Potter's Wheel', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 32in
(80cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall
bears sprays of dark red flower heads with
gold-edged ray florets and central, brown
discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Bed Army', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to
mid-fall produces sprays of reddish-orange
flower heads, intensifying in color as they
age to dark red, with central, dark brown
discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Riverton Gem'. Erect, bushy
perennial. H 472ft (1.4m), S 3ft (lm). Has
sprays of red-and-gold flower heads in late
summer-fall. Stems are clothed in lance¬
shaped leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Rubinzwerg', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 39in
(100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From mid-summer to fall
bears sprays of rich red flower heads with
reflexed ray florets and central, dark brown
discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Sahin's Early Flowerer'. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From mid-summer until
the first frosts produces large, bright
reddish-orange flower heads with long ray
florets, aging to orange and warm yellow,
and central, brown discs. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'The Bishop'. Clump-forming, erect,
bushy perennial. H to 36in (90cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. From mid-summer to fall produces
sprays of yellow flower heads with reflexed
ray florets and large, central, brown discs.
Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Waltraut', illus. p.248. Clump¬
forming, erect, bushy perennial. H to 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From late summer
produces sprays of copper-orange and
yellow flower heads that intensify in color
as they age; the central disc is brown. Z4-8
H8-1.

H. 'Wyndley'. Bushy perennial with
branching stems. H 30in (80cm), S 20in

HELIANTHUS

(50cm). Bears sprays of daisylike, orange-
yellow flower heads in late summer-fall.
Foliage is dark green. Needs regular
division in spring or fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

HELIANTHEMUM

Rock rose > Sun rose

CISTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring- to fall¬
flowering shrubs and subshrubs, grown
for their flowers. Is useful for rock gardens
and dry banks. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil. Cut back lightly after
flowering. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in early summer.

H. 'Amy Baring'. Evergreen, spreading
shrub. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 24in (60cm).
Small, oblong, light gray leaves are hairy
beneath. In summer bears a succession
of saucer-shaped, orange-centered, deep
yellow flowers in loose, terminal clusters.
Z6-8 H8-6.

H. apenninum, illus. p.336.

H. 'Ben Hope'. Evergreen, domed shrub.
H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears
small, linear, gray-green leaves and saucer¬
shaped, carmine-red flowers in mid¬
summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

H. 'Ben More', illus. p.345.

H. 'Ben Nevis'. Evergreen, hummock¬
forming, compact shrub. H and S 6-9in
(15-23cm). Has small, linear, dark green
leaves and, in mid-summer, saucer-shaped,
orange flowers with bronze centers. Z6-8
H8-6.

H. 'Fire Dragon', illus. p.340.

H. 'Golden Queen'. Evergreen, domed,
compact shrub. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
Saucer-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are
produced amid small, linear, dark green
leaves in mid-summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

H. guttatum. See Tuberaria guttata.

H. 'Jubilee'. Evergreen, domed, compact
shrub. H 6-9in (15-23cm), S 9-12in
(23-30cm). Has small, linear, dark green
leaves. Bears saucer-shaped, double, pale
yellow flowers from spring to late summer.
Z6-8 H8-6.

H. oelandicum subsp. alpestre.

Evergreen, open, twiggy shrub. H 3-5in
(7-12cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Produces
terminal clusters of 3-6 saucer-shaped,
bright yellow flowers from early to mid¬
summer. Leaves are tiny, oblong and mid¬
green. Is suitable for growing in a trough.
Z6-8 H8-6.

H. 'Raspberry Ripple'. Evergreen,
spreading shrub. H 6-9in (15-23cm),

S 9-12in (23-30cm). Saucer-shaped, red-
centered, white flowers are borne in mid¬
summer. Has small, linear, gray-green
leaves. Z6-8 H8-6.

H. 'Rhodanthe Carneum', syn.

H. 'Wisley Pink', illus. p.338.

H. umbellatum. SeeHalimium
umbellatum.

H. 'Wisley Pink'. SeeH. 'Rhodanthe
Carneum'.

H. 'Wisley Primrose', illus. p.344.

H. 'Wisley White', illus. p.337.

HELIANTHUS

Sunflower

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
annuals and perennials, grown for their
large, daisylike, usually yellow flower

593

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HELICHRYSUM

heads. May be invasive. All need sun and
well-drained soil; some prefer moist
conditions. Needs staking. Propagate
by seed or division in fall or spring.

® Contact with the foliage may aggravate
skin allergies.

H. annuus (Sunflower). Fast-growing,
erect annual. H 3-10ft (l-3m) or more,

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has oval, serrated,
mid-green leaves. Daisylike, brown- or
purplish-centered, yellow flower heads,

12in (30cm) or more wide, are produced
in summer. Tall, intermediate and dwarf
cultivars are available. H12-1. 'Music
Box', illus. p.322. 'Russian Giant' (tall),

H 10ft (3m) or more, produces yellow
flower heads with green-brown centers.
'Teddy Bear', illus. p.322.

H. debilis subsp. cucumerifolius
'Italian White'. Erect perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S IV 2 -2ft (45-60cm). In summer has
large, black-centered, creamy-white flower
heads. Purple-mottled stems bear coarsely
hairy, sharply toothed, glossy, mid-green
leaves. H12-1.

H. 'Lemon Queen', illus. p.222.

H. 'Monarch'. Erect perennial. H 7ft
(2.2m), S 3ft (lm). Bears terminal, daisylike,
semidouble, golden-yellow flower heads on
branching stems in late summer. Has lance¬
shaped, coarse, mid-green leaves. Replant
each spring to keep in check. Z5-9 H9-3.

H. x multiflorus. Upright perennial.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has large, yellow
flower heads, with double centers
surrounded by larger, rayed segments,
in late summer and early fall. Leaves are
lance-shaped, coarse and mid-green. Z5-9
H9-5. 'Capenoch Star', H 4ft (1.2m), has
lemon-yellow flower heads. 'Loddon
Gold' illus. p.222.

H. orgyalis. See H. salicifolius.

H. salicifolius , syn. H. orgyalis, illus.

p.222.

HELICHRYSUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
perennials, annuals and evergreen
subshrubs and shrubs. When dried, flower
heads are "everlasting". Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate shrubs and
subshrubs by heel or semiripe cuttings in
summer, perennials by division or seed
in spring, annuals by seed in spring.

H. angustifolium. SeeH. italicum.

H. bellidioides. See Anaphalioides
bellidioides.

H. coralloides. See Ozothamnus
coralloides.

H. italicum , syn. H. angustifolium (Curry
plant). Evergreen, bushy subshrub. H 2ft
(60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has linear, aromatic,
silvery-gray leaves. Broad clusters of small,
oblong, bright yellow flower heads are
produced on long, upright, white shoots in
summer. Dislikes winter wet and cold
climates. Z7-11 H12-1. subsp. serotinum ,
syn. H. serotinum (Curry plant) is dome¬
shaped; stems and oval leaves are densely
felted with white hairs. Z7-10 H10-7.

H. ledifolium. See Ozothamnus ledifolius.
H. marginatum of gardens. See H.
milfordiae.

H. milfordiae, syn. H. marginatum.

~ Evergreen, mat-forming, dense subshrub.
594 H 2in (5cm), S 9in (23cm). On sunny days
_ in early summer, large, conical, red buds

open into daisylike, white flower heads
with red-backed petals; they close in dull
or wet weather. Has basal rosettes of oval,
hairy, silver leaves. Prefers very gritty soil.
Dislikes winter wet. Propagate in spring
by rooting single rosettes. Z7-10 H10-7.

H. petiolare, syn. H. petiolatum (Licorice
plant). Evergreen shrub. H 20in (50cm), S 6ft
(2m). Forms mounds of silver-green shoots
and oval to heart-shaped, gray-felted
leaves. Has daisylike, creamy-yellow flower
heads in summer. Is often grown as an
annual for groundcover and edging. Z11-15
H12-10. 'Limelight' has lime-yellow
leaves. Z10-11 H12-1. 'Variegatum' illus.
p.165.

H. petiolatum of gardens. See
H. petiolare.

H. rosmarinifolium. See Ozothamnus
rosmarinifolius.

H. 'Schwefellicht', syn. H. 'Sulphur
Light', illus. p.275.

H. selago. See Ozothamnus selago.

H. serotinum. See H. italicum subsp.
serotinum.

H. splendidum. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Woolly, white
shoots are clothed in small, oblong, silvery-
gray leaves. Small, oblong, bright yellow
flower heads are produced in clusters
from mid-summer to fall or sometimes
into winter. Z9-11 HI2-9.

H. 'Sulphur Light'. See
H. 'Schwefellicht'.

HELICONIA

HELICONIACEAE/MUSACEAE ~

Genus of tufted perennials, evergreen in
warm climates, grown for their spikes
of colorful flowers and for the attractive
foliage on younger plants. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
generously in growing season, very
sparingly when plants die down in winter.
Propagate by seed or division of rootstock
in spring.

H. metallica. Tufted perennial. H to 10ft
(3m), S 3ft (lm). Oblong, long-stalked
leaves, to 2ft (60cm) long, are velvety-green
above with paler veins, sometimes purple
below. In summer, mature plants bear erect
stems with tubular, glossy, greenish-white-
tipped, red flowers enclosed in narrow,
boat-shaped, green bracts. Z12-14 H12-10.
H. psittacorum, illus. p.478.

HELICTOTRICHON

Blue oat grass
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

H. sempervirens, syn. Avena Candida,
Avena sempervirens, illus. p.288.

HELIOPSIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in fall or
spring.

H. 'Ballet Dancer'. Upright perennial.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Flowers
freely in late summer, bearing double,
yellow flower heads with frilled petals.
Dark green leaves are coarse and serrated.
Z4-9 H9-1.

H. helianthoides 'Incomparabilis'

Upright perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears daisylike, single, orange
flower heads in late summer. Leaves are
narrowly oval, coarsely toothed and mid¬
green. Z4-9 H9-1. 'Patula' bears flattish,
semidouble, orange-yellow flower heads.
Z4-9 H9-1. subsp. scabra, syn. H. scabra
has very rough stems and leaves and
double, orange-yellow flower heads,
subsp. scabra 'Light of Loddon', syn.
H. 'Light of Loddon' illus. p.220.

H. 'Light of Loddon'. See H.
helianthoides subsp. scabra ' Light of
Loddon'.

H. scabra. See H. helianthoides subsp.
scabra.

Heliosperma alpestre. See Silene
alpestris.

HELIOTROPIUM

Heliotrope

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen subshrubs
and shrubs, grown for their fragrant
flowers. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container plants freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. In spring, tip prune young plants to
promote a bushy habit and cut leggy, older
plants back hard. Propagate by seed in
spring, by greenwood cuttings in summer
or by semiripe cuttings in early fall.

H. arborescens, syn. H. peruvianum, illus.
p.310.

H. peruvianum. See H. arborescens.

Helipterum manglesii. See Rhodanthe
manglesii.

Helipterum roseum. See Rhodanthe
chlorocephala subsp. rosea.

HELLEBORUS

Hellebore

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, grown for their winter and
spring flowers. Most deciduous species
retain their old leaves over winter. These
should be cut off in early spring as flower
buds develop. Is excellent in woodlands.
Prefers partial shade and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed when
fresh or by division in fall or very early
spring. Is prone to aphid attack in early
summer. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested, and the sap may
irritate skin on contact. See also feature
panel p.281.

H. argutifolius, syn. H. corsicus, H.
lividus subsp. corsicus (Corsican hellebore).
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has divided,
spiny, dark green leaves. Cup-shaped, pale
green flowers are borne in large clusters in
winter-spring. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Pacific Frost',
illus. p.262. 'Silver Lace', illus. p.262.

H. atrorubens of gardens. See H.
orientalis subsp. abchasicusEarly Purple
Group.

H. x ballardiae 'December Dawn'.

Clump-forming perennial with deep bluish-
green leaves. H to 14in (35cm), S 12in
(30cm). From mid-winter to early spring
bears saucer-shaped, white flowers, flushed
pinkish-purple, maturing to a dull metallic
purple. Z6-9 H9-6.

H. corsicus. See H. argutifolius.

H. cyclophyllus, illus. p.283.

H. x ericsmithii. 'Bob's Best' illus. p.255.
Ivory Prince ('Walhelivor') illus. p.256.

H. foetidus, illus. p.283. Wester Flisk

Group illus. p.283.

H. x hybridus (Lenten rose). Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 18in
(45cm). Has dense, divided foliage, above
which rise nodding, cup-shaped, white,
pink or purple flowers, sometimes darker
spotted, in winter or early spring. Z6-9
H9-6. There is a range of single and
double-flowered cultivars available in
various colors, including the following:
double, plum; double, slate; double,
white; double, white with spots; single,
apricot; single, green; single, red; single,
white with spots; single, yellow; single,
yellow with spots (all illus. p.281).
Ashwood Garden hybrids (double,
black; double, pink; both illus. p.281).
Bradfield hybrids (double, apricot with
spots, illus. p. 281). Harvington hybrids
(double, apricot; single, white; both
illus. p.281).

H. lividus. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
3-parted, mid-green leaves, marbled
pale green, purplish-green below, with
obliquely oval, slightly toothed or entire
leaflets. Produces large clusters of cup¬
shaped, purple-suffused, yellow-green
flowers in late winter. Z8-9 H9-8. subsp.
corsicus. See H. argutifolius.

H. niger (Christmas rose). Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has divided, deep green leaves
and cup-shaped, nodding, white flowers,
with golden stamens, borne in winter or
early spring. Z4-8 H9-1. 'HGC Josef
Lemper' illus. p.281. 'Potter's Wheel'
illus. p.281.

H. x nigercors, illus. p.281.

H. odor us, illus. p.283.

H. orientalis subsp. abchasicus Early
Purple Group, syn. H. atrorubens.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 1ft
(30cm). Shallowly cup-shaped, deep purple
flowers are borne in late winter. Has
palmate, deeply divided, toothed, glossy,
dark green leaves. Z4-8 H8-3.

H. purpurascens, illus. p.260.

H. x sternii, illus. p.262. 'Boughton
Beauty' illus. p.283.

H. thibetanus, illus. p.256.

H. viridis (Green hellebore). Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has divided, dark green leaves and
cup-shaped, green flowers in late winter or
early spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

HELONIAS

LILIACEAE/MELIANTHACEAE ~

Genus of one species of spring-flowering
perennial. Is excellent when grown in
bog gardens. Requires an open,
sunny position and moist to wet soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

H. bullata (Swamp pink). Rosetted, clump¬
forming perennial. H 15-18in (38-45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Produces rosettes of strap¬
shaped, fresh green leaves, above which
dense racemes of small, fragrant, star¬
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers are borne
in spring. Z5-9 H9-5.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HELONIOPSIS

LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering, rosette-forming
perennials. Needs partial shade and moist
soil. Propagate by division in fall or by seed
in fall or spring.

H. orientalis, illus. p.256.

HELWINGIA

HELWINGIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, bearing
flowers and showy fruits directly on leaf
surfaces, grown mainly for botanical
interest. Requires separate male and female
plants in order to produce fruits. Needs sun
or partial shade and moist soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

H. japonica. Deciduous, bushy, open
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Oval, bright
green leaves have bristly teeth. In early
summer has tiny, star-shaped, green
flowers at center of each leaf, followed by
spherical, black fruits. Z4-9 H9-4.

Helxine soleirolii. See Soleirolia
soleirolii.

HEMEROCALLIS

Daylily

LILIACEAE/HEMEROCALLIDACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
semievergreen or evergreen. Flowers,
borne in succession, each last for only a
day. Prefers full sun and fertile, moist soil.
Propagate by division in fall or spring.
Cultivars raised from seed will not come
true to type; species may come true if
grown in isolation from other daylilies.

Slug and snail control is essential in early
spring when young foliage appears. See
also feature panel pp.244-5.

H. 'Always Afternoon', illus. p.244.
Robust, semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S to 30in (75cm).

In summer and again in fall produces
rounded, slightly ruffled, lavender-mauve
flowers, each with a dark purple band
above yellow-green throat. Z3-10 HI 1-2.

H. 'Arctic Snow'. Deciduous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 20in
(50cm). Produces huge, funnel-shaped,
ivory-white flowers, with green throats and
black anthers, from mid-summer to early
fall. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. aurantiaca. Robust, semievergreen
perennial, spreading freely from
underground runners. H 3ft (90cm), S 3ft
(lm) or more. Produces numerous funnel-
shaped, burnt-orange flowers, with
yellowish midribs, over a long period in
summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Berlin Red'. Vigorous, deciduous or
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 28-36in (70-90cm), S 24in (60cm). In mid¬
summer produces open, rounded, rich
velvety-red flowers with a blackish-red
bloom at the margins and yellow midribs
and throats. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Betty Woods'. Robust, evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 26in (65cm),

S 24in (60cm). Large, peony-like, yellow
flowers are borne in mid- and late summer.
Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Black Magic', illus. p.245. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in
(90cm). Has star-shaped, pale-edged, dark

reddish-black flowers, with green throats,
from mid-summer to early fall. Z3-10
Hll-2.

H. 'Bonanza', illus. p.245. Vigorous,
deciduous or semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 28in
(70cm). Produces open, star-like, bright
yellow flowers, with strongly red-marked
centers, in mid-summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Brocaded Gown'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H and S to 2ft
(60cm). In summer has rounded, ruffled,
creamy-yellow flowers. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Burning Daylight', illus. p.245.
Robust, deciduous or semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 272ft (75cm),

S 2ft (60cm). Produces orange-brown
flowers, with paler midribs and red marks
around throat bases, over a long period
in summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Canadian Border Patrol', illus.
p.244. Vigorous, semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 26in (65cm), S 24in
(60cm). Produces masses of funnel-shaped,
cream flowers, with purple throats, from
mid-summer to early fall. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Cartwheels', illus. p.245. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). In mid-summer has trumpet¬
shaped, broad, deep yellow to orange
flowers, with small, green throats and
widely spreading petals. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Cathy's Sunset', illus. p.245.
Deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). From mid¬
summer to early fall bears small, funnel-
shaped flowers each with 3 yellow-striped,
brick-red, inner petals and 3 yellow, outer
petals. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Cat's Cradle'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft
(75cm). In summer produces large, spider¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Cherry Cheeks', illus. p.244.
Vigorous, deciduous or semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 32in (80cm),

S 20in (50cm). Produces bright cherry-red
flowers, with white midribs, over a long
period in summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Chicago Apache'. Very vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 26in (65cm), S 20in (50cm). Funnel-
shaped, ruffled, rich scarlet flowers, with
white midribs, lemon-green throats and
black anthers, are borne above prolific
leaves in summer. Is very adaptable. Z3-10
HI 2-2.

H. 'Chicago Sunrise', illus. p.245.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 28in
(70cm), S 34in (85cm). Very rounded,
slightly ruffled, rich yellow flowers, with
faint bronze bands and darker throats, are
borne in summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Children's Festival'. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm),

S 20in (50cm). Unusually thick petals form
funnel-shaped flowers, with rosy tints and
apricot throats, from mid-summer to early
faU. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Chorus Line'. Extended-blooming,
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm). Produces
remontant, triangular, slightly fragrant,
bright pink flowers, with pink- and yellow-
marked petals and dark green throats, from
early to mid-summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Christmas Is'. Vigorous, deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 24in

(60cm). Funnel-shaped flowers, with green
throats, are produced from mid-summer to
early fall.

H. citrina , illus. p.245. Vigorous, coarse¬
leaved, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 272ft (75cm). Many large, very fragrant,
trumpet-shaped, rich lemon-yellow flowers
are produced at night in mid-summer; each
lasts one day. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Corky'. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). Bears trumpet¬
shaped, lemon-yellow flowers, brown on
outsides, in late spring and early summer.
Flowers, borne prolifically, last only a day.
Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Cream Drop', illus. p.245. Robust,
deciduous or semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). In mid-summer produces
numerous, scented, well-formed, creamy-
yellow flowers, with slightly ruffled
margins. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Crimson Pirate'. Vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 20in (50cm). Produces
open, star-shaped, bright crimson-red
flowers, with paler midribs, in mid- and
late summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Custard Candy'. Vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 16in (40cm). In early and
mid-summer produces an abundance of
rounded, creamy-yellow flowers, each with
a feathered band around greenish-yellow
eye. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. dumortieri, illus. p.245. Compact,
clump-forming perennial. H 172ft (45cm),

S 2ft (60cm). In early summer produces
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, brown-backed,
golden-yellow flowers. Mid-green leaves
are strap-shaped, stiff and coarse. Z3-10
Hll-2.

H. 'Ed Murray'. Vigorous, free-flowering,
deciduous or semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 26-28in (65-70cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has rounded, ruffled, deep
maroon-red flowers, with yellowish-green
throats, in early and mid-summer. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Eenie Weenie'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has masses
of clear yellow flowers in early summer.
Z3-10 H12-2.

H. flava. See H. lilioasphodelus.

H. 'Frans Hals', illus. p.245. Strong¬
growing, free-flowering, deciduous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 16in
(40cm). In mid- and late summer bears
open, star-shaped flowers, with yellow
outer petals and three cinnamon-red inner
petals with yellow midribs. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. fulva (Tawny daylily), illus. p.245.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 272ft (75cm). Trumpet-shaped,
tawny-orange flowers are produced from
mid- to late summer above a mound of
strap-shaped, light green leaves. Z3-10
Hll-2. 'Flore Pleno' (illus. p.245), H 30in
(75cm), has double flowers with dark red
eyes. 'Kwanzo Variegated' has leaves
variably marked with white. Z3-10 H12-2.
H. 'Gentle Shepherd'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),

S 24in (60cm). In early and mid-summer
has ruffled, white flowers, with green
throats. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Golden Chimes', illus. p.245. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 272ft (75cm), S 2ft
(60cm). Bears small, delicate, trumpet-

HEMEROCALLIS

shaped, golden-yellow flowers, with a
brown reverse, lasting only a day, from
early to mid-summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Golden Prize'. Vigorous, deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 26-28in
(65-70cm), S 16-20in (40-50cm). Produces
large, rounded, golden-yellow flowers in
mid- and late summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Grape Velvet'. Deciduous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in
(60cm). From early to late summer
produces funnel-shaped flowers, each with
rather pointed, deep wine-red petals, a
central, paler stripe and a yellow-green
throat. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Green Flutter', illus. p.245.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 20in (50cm), S 16in (40cm). Produces
masses of star-shaped, ruffled, canary-
yellow flowers, with bright green throats,
in late summer and early fall. Z3-10 Hll-2.
H. 'Happy Returns'. Deciduous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 24in
(60cm). Bears small, fragrant, rounded
flowers from early to late summer. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Helle Berlinerin'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 32in
(80cm). Has rounded flowers, with a faint
apricot blush and yellow throats, borne
on unusually strong stems in mid-summer.
Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Hyperion'. Clump-forming perennial.
H and S 3ft (90cm). In mid-summer has
very fragrant, lily-like, pale lemon-yellow
flowers. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Joan Senior', illus. p.244. Vigorous,
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 25in (63cm), S 3ft (lm). Open trumpet¬
shaped, almost pure white flowers are
produced on well-branched stems from
mid- to late summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Jolyene Nichole'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 20in
(50cm). Bears rounded, ruffled, rose-pink
flowers amid lush, blue-green leaves.

Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Lady Fingers'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial with narrow
leaves. H 32in (80cm), S 30in (75cm). In mid¬
summer bears spider-shaped, pale yellow-
green flowers with green throats and
spoon-shaped petals. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Lark Song'. Vigorous, deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 32-36in
(80-90cm), S 24in (60cm). Has fragrant,
open bowl-shaped, bright pale yellow
flowers, on blackish stems, in mid- and late
summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Lemon Bells', illus. p.245. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 34in (85cm),

S 24in (60cm). Produces prolific sprays of
small, orange-yellow flowers, with green-
tinted throats, in mid-summer. Z3-10
Hll-2.

H. lilioasphodelus, syn. H. flava, illus.
p.245. Robust, clump-forming, spreading
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more.
Very fragrant, delicate, lemon- to
chrome-yellow flowers, lasting only 1 or 2
days, are borne in late spring and early
summer. Strap-shaped leaves are mid¬
green. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Little Grapette', illus. p.245. Free-
flowering, deciduous, clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).

Has lightly ruffled, wine-purple flowers,
with yellow throats, in mid- and late
summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

595

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HEMEROCALLIS

H. 'Little Wine Cup', illus. p.245.
Vigorous, deciduous, clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces masses of lightly ruffled, wine-
red flowers, with paler midribs and yellow-
green throats, in early and mid-summer.
Z3-10 HI 1-2.

H. 'Luxury Lace', illus. p.244. Vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 16in (40cm). Has fragrant,
funnel-shaped, vibrant orange flowers,
with dark green throats, from mid-summer
to early fall. Z3-10 HI 1-2.

H. 'Mallard'. Deciduous, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces
funnel-shaped flowers, with a slender,
central, pale stripe on each petal, from mid¬
summer to early fall. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Marion Vaughn'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Produces
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, green-throated,
pale lemon-yellow flowers, in late summer,
each lasting only a day. Each petal has a
raised, near-white midrib. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Mauna Loa', illus. p.245. Vigorous,
free-flowering, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (lm).
Produces rounded, bright tangerine-
orange flowers, with chartreuse throats
and black anthers, in mid- to late summer.
Z3-10 HI 1-2.

H. 'Michele Coe'. Vigorous, evergreen or
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 28in (70cm), S 34in (85cm). In mid¬
summer has rounded, pale apricot flowers
with light lavender-pink midribs. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Millie Schlumpf'. Vigorous, free-
flowering, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm).
Triangular to rounded, pale pink flowers,
with deeper pink bands and green throats,
are borne from early to mid-summer.

Z3-10 H12-2.

H. minor (Grass-leaved daylily). Compact,
clump-forming perennial. H 16in (40cm),

S 18in (45cm). In early summer bears
fragrant, trumpet-shaped, lemon-yellow
flowers, with tawny-backed, outer petals.
Has narrowly strap-shaped, mid-green
leaves that die back in early fall. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Missenden', illus. p.245. Vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 24-28in (60-70cm). In mid¬
summer has large, funnel-shaped, rich
velvety-red flowers with a velvety, black
sheen and yellow midribs. Z3-10 HI 1-2.

H. 'Neyron Rose', illus. p.244. Vigorous,
deciduous, clump-forming perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 24-28in (60-70cm). In early
and mid-summer has pink-suffused,
orange-brown flowers, with white
midribs. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Night Beacon', illus. p.244.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 28in (70cm), S 30in (75cm). In early and
mid-summer produces rounded, very dark
burgundy-black flowers, with black-purple
bands, lemon-green throats and pearl-
white midribs. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Pardon Me', illus. p.244. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm). Small, fragrant, funnel-
shaped, bright burgundy-red flowers, with
greenish-yellow throats, are borne from
— mid-summer to early fall. Z3-10 Hll-2.
596 H. 'Pink Damask', illus. p.244. Vigorous,
_deciduous, free-flowering, clump-forming

perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 24-28in (60-70cm).
Produces masses of rich salmon-pink
flowers in summer. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Prairie Blue Eyes', illus. p.244.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 32in (80cm), S 36in (90cm). In mid¬
summer produces lavender flowers,
banded with blue-purple, that have green
throats. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Real Wind'. Vigorous, free-flowering,
evergreen, clump-forming perennial with
dense foliage. H 26in (65cm), S 3ft (lm).
Produces triangular to rounded, pale buff
to salmon-pink flowers, with bold rose-
pink eyes, from mid- to late summer. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Red Precious', illus. p.235.

H. 'Rose Emily'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).

In mid-summer bears rounded, rose-pink
flowers with ruffled margined petals and
pale green throats. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Ruffled Apricot'. Slow-growing,
clump-forming perennial. In mid-summer
produces large, deep apricot flowers with
lavender-pink midribs and ruffled petal
margins. Z3-10 HI2-2.

H. 'Scarlet Oak'. Vigorous,
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 24-28in (60-70cm). In mid-
and late summer has open rounded, scarlet
flowers, with white midribs. Z3-10.

H. 'Scarlet Orbit'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 26in (65cm). Scarlet flowers, with green
throats, open flat in mid-summer. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Siloam Baby Talk', illus. p.244.
Vigorous, free-flowering, deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 14-16in
(35-40cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Has
rounded, ruffled-margined, creamy-pink
flowers, with pale purple bands above
bright green throats, in mid-summer.

Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Siloam Ethel Smith'. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 18in (45cm). In mid-summer bears masses
of rounded, creamy-beige flowers, with
triangular, red, yellow and olive-green
eyes. Z3-10

H. 'Siloam Virginia Henson'. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in
(65cm). In early summer bears rounded,
ruffled, creamy-pink flowers banded with
rose-pink and with green throats. Z3-10
H12-2.

H. 'Solano Bulls Eye'. Vigorous, free-
flowering, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 30in (75cm).
Produces rounded, bright yellow flowers,
with deep brownish-purple eyes, over a
long period from early to late summer.
Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Stafford', illus. p.245. Vigorous,
evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (lm). In mid-summer
bears masses of star-shaped, scarlet
flowers with yellow midribs and throats.
Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Stoke Poges', illus. p.244. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm). In mid-summer has fragrant,
funnel-shaped, salmon-pink flowers, with
reflexed petal tips and a deep pink zone
around each golden throat. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Strawberry Candy'. Robust,
deciduous or semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 20in

(50cm). In early and mid-summer bears
bright apricot-pink flowers, with red
picotee margins and ruby-red marks
around yellowish throats. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Strutter's Ball'. Deciduous, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).
Has funnel-shaped, rich deep, blue-purple
flowers, each with a silvery zone above
small, lemon-yellow throat, from mid¬
summer to early fall. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Summer Wine', illus. p.244. Strong¬
growing, deciduous, clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).

In early and mid-summer bears open,
soft purple flowers, with yellowish-green
throats and very pale purple to white
midribs. Broad inner petals are slightly
ruffled. Z3-10 Hll-2.

H. 'Super Purple'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 27in (68cm), S 26in (65cm).
Bears rounded, ruffled, velvety, red-purple
flowers, with lime-green throats, in mid¬
summer. Z3-10 H12-2.

H. 'Whichford', illus. p.245. Deciduous,
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm). Fragrant, slightly star¬
shaped, green-budded, clear lemon-yellow
flowers, with green throats, are borne on
sturdy stems from mid-summer. Z3-10
Hll-2.

H. 'White Temptation'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 26in (65cm). Funnel-shaped, white
flowers, with slightly crinkled edges and
green throats, are produced from mid¬
summer to early fall. Z3-10 H12-2.

HEMIGRAPHIS

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of annuals and evergreen
perennials, usually grown for their foliage.
Prefers bright but not direct sunlight
and moist but well-drained soil. Water
frequently in growing season, less in
winter. Regularly cut back straggly stems
to tidy. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

H. repanda, illus. p.473.

HEMIORCHIS

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their orchid-like
flowers, which emerge above ground
before the leaves. Needs shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Is more
tolerant of winter wet than most gingers,
so water occasionally during dormancy.
Propagate by division of the rhizome in
early spring.

H. patlingii. Herbaceous, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Stem, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long, produces up to 20 flowers,
opening in succession in spring, each with
3 pale brown outer lobes surrounding a
deep red-veined, golden-yellow inner lobe.
Has broadly lance-shaped, glossy, mid¬
green leaves, to 6in (15cm) long. Z3-10
H12-2.

HEPATICA

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of very variable perennials, some
of which are semievergreen. Flowers are
produced in early spring before new leaves
are properly formed. Needs partial shade

and deep, rich, moist soil. Sturdy, much-
branched rootstock resents disturbance.
Propagate by seed when fresh or by
division or removing sideshoots in spring.
H. angulosa. See H. transsilvanica.

H. x media 'BaUardii'. Slow-growing,
dome-shaped perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has rounded, 3-lobed,
stalked, soft green leaves and, in early
spring, shallowly cup-shaped, many-
petaled, intense blue flowers. Fully double,
colored forms are also known. Propagate
only by division. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. nobilis, syn. H. triloba. Anemone
hepatica. Slow-growing, semievergreen,
dome-shaped perennial. H 3in (8cm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm). Bears rounded, 3-lobed,
fleshy, mid-green leaves. Shallowly cup¬
shaped, many-petaled flowers—white
through pink to carmine, pale to deep blue
or purple—are produced in early spring.
Fully double, colored forms are also
known. Is excellent in a woodland or rock
garden. Z5-8 H8-4. var. japonica illus.
p.355.

H. transsilvanica, syn. H. angulosa.
Semievergreen, spreading perennial. H 3in
(8cm), S 8in (20cm). Shallowly cup-shaped,
many-petaled flowers, varying from blue to
white or pink, are produced in early spring
amid rounded, 3-lobed, hairy, green leaves.
Fully double, colored forms are also
known. Z5-8 H8-5.

H. triloba. See H. nobilis.

HERBERTIA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
mainly for their iris-like flowers. Requires
full sun and well-drained soil. Reduce
watering when bulb dies down after
flowering. Propagate by seed in fall.

H. pulchella. Spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 17 4 -2in (3-5cm).
Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped, pleated,
erect and basal. Bears a succession of
upward-facing, violet-blue flowers, 2 - 2 1 / 2 in
(5-6cm) wide and usually with dark-spotted
centers. Z10-11 H12-10.

HERMANNIA

STERCULIACEAE/MALVACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs,
grown mainly for their flowers. Prefers
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water container plants freely when in
full growth, moderately at other times.

Tip prune young plants to produce well-
branched specimens. Propagate by
softwood or greenwood cuttings in late
spring or summer.

H. candicans. See H. incana.

H. incana, syn. H. candicans. Evergreen,
bushy subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm)
or more. Oval to oblong leaves are
covered with white down beneath.
Produces small, nodding, bell-shaped,
bright yellow flowers, in terminal
clusters, to 6in (15cm) long, in spring-
summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

HERMODACTYLUS

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of spring-flowering
tubers, with elongated, finger-like
rootstock, grown mainly for its iris-like

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HEUCHERA

flowers. Requires a hot, sunny site, where
tubers will ripen well in summer, and
well-drained soil. Grows particularly
successfully on hot, chalky soils. Propagate
by division in late summer.

H. tuberosus, syn. Iris tuberosa, illus.
p.406.

HESPERALOE

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial
succulents, grown for their very narrow,
strap-shaped, grooved, dark green leaves,
which often have peeling, white fibers at
their margins. Is closely related to Agave
and Yucca. Prefers sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring or summer, or from
offsets, freely produced at base.

H. parviflora, syn. Yucca parviflora, illus.
p.484.

HESPERANTHA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering corms,
grown for their spikes of small, funnel-
or cup-shaped flowers. Needs full sun
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall,
water through winter and dry off corms
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring.

H. buhrii. See H. cucullata.

H. coccinea. See Schizostylis coccinea.

H. cucullata, syn. H. buhrii. Spring¬
flowering corm. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 174-2in (3-5cm). Has linear, erect leaves
on lower part of branched stems, each
of which produces a spike of up to 7 cup¬
shaped, white flowers, flushed pink or
purple outside, that open only at evening.
Z10-11 H12-10.

HESPERIS

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of late spring- or summer¬
flowering annuals and perennials.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.

H. matronalis tolerates poor soil. Tends
to become woody at base, so raise new
stock from seed every few years.
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring
or by seed in fall or spring.

H. matronalis, illus. p.230.

HESPEROCALLIS

LI LIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE

Genus of spring- to summer-flowering
bulbs. Needs a sunny, well-drained site.

Is difficult to cultivate in all but warm, dry
areas; in cool, damp climates, protect in
a cool greenhouse. Requires ample water
in spring, followed by a hot, dry period
during its summer dormancy. Propagate
by seed in fall.

H. undulata. Spring- to summer¬
flowering bulb. H 8-20in (20-50cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has a basal cluster of
long, narrow, wavy-margined, semierect
or prostrate leaves. Sturdy stems each
bear a spike of upward-facing, funnel-
shaped, white flowers, with a central,
green stripe along each of the 6 petals.
Z9-10 H10-9.

Hesperoyucca. See Yucca.

HETEROCENTRON

syn. HEERIA
MELASTOMATACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall¬
flowering perennials and shrubs. Requires
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood or stem-tip cuttings in late winter
or early spring.

H. elegans, syn. Schizocentron elegans,
illus. p.472.

HETEROMELES

ROSACEA

Genus of one species of evergreen tree or
large shrub, grown mainly for its showy
clusters of holly-like fruits. Requires fertile,
well-drained soil in full sun, with protection
from cold, drying winds in winter.
Propagate by seed in fall or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

H. arbutifolia. See H. salicifolia.

H. salicifolia, syn. H. arbutifolia, Photinia
arbutifolia. Evergreen, bushy, spreading
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Has
oblong, sharply toothed, leathery, glossy,
dark green leaves. Broad, flat heads of
small, 5-petaled, white flowers, produced
in late summer, are succeeded by large
clusters of rounded, red fruits.

HEUCHERA

Coral flower

SAX1FRAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
perennials forming large clumps of leaves,
that are often tinted bronze or purple.
Makes good groundcover. Prefers partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed in fall or by
division in fall or spring, cultivars by
division only, using young, outer portions
of crown. See also feature panel p.282.

H. 'Amber Waves', illus. p.282.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S to 20in (50cm).
Rounded, lobed, lightly ruffled, orange-
yellow leaves are pale burgundy
underneath. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
light-rose flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. americana 'Harry Hay'. Vigorous,
evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 20-39in (50-100cm), S 32in (80cm) or
more. Has large, rounded, lobed, purplish-
brown leaves. In summer produces tall
spires of pendent, bell-shaped, white
flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Beauty Colour', illus. p.282.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S to 20in (50cm).
Rounded, lobed, burgundy-veined leaves
are marbled with silver and bordered with
green. Leaf color intensifies in cold periods.
In summer produces loose, arching sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, ivory
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Black Beauty', illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming, rather compact perennial.

H 8-1 Oin (20-25cm), S to lOin (25cm).
Rounded, lobed, ruffled, glossy, dark
purple-black leaves are held rather upright.
In summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3-8
H8-1.

H. 'Blackbird', illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 10-12in

(25-30cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has rounded,
lobed, rather ruffled, maroon-brown
leaves. In summer produces loose sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, rose-pink
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Can-can', illus. p.282. Vigorous,
evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled,
dark-veined, silver-gray leaves are rich
wine-red beneath; leaves turn pinkish with
cooler conditions. In summer produces
loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
ivory flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Chocolate Ruffles', illus. p.282.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled,
chocolate-brown leaves have burgundy
undersides. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
white flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Cinnabar Silver', illus. p.282.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Forms a
mound of rounded, lobed, purple-flushed,
silver leaves; the purple color intensifies in
cool conditions. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped, red
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Citronelle'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 20in (50cm).

Has rounded, lobed, lime-green leaves. In
summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers. Z4-8
H8-1.

H. 'Coral Cloud'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 18-30in (45-75cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). In early summer bears
long, feathery sprays of small, pendent,
bell-shaped, coral-red flowers. Leaves are
rounded, lobed, toothed, glistening and
dark green. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. Creme BrOlee ('Tnheu041'), illus.
p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.
H 16-20in (40-50cm), S 16in (40cm).
Rounded, lobed, glowing caramel, bronze
and gold leaves fade in intensity as they
age. In summer produces loose sprays of
small, pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers.
Z3-8 H8-1.

H. cylindrica 'Greenfinch'. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 18-24in (45—
60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has rosettes of lobed,
heart-shaped leaves and, in summer, spikes
of small, bell-shaped, pale green or
greenish-white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. Erony and Ivory ('E and I'), illus.
p.282. Evergreen, clump-forming, rather
compact perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
Has rounded, lobed, rather ruffled,
ebony-black leaves. In summer produces
numerous loose sprays of small, pendent,
bell-shaped, ivory-white flowers. Z3-8
H8-1.

H. 'Firebird'. Evergreen, compact
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). In
early summer bears long, feathery sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, crimson-
scarlet flowers. Leaves are rounded, lobed,
toothed and dark green. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Georgia Peach', illus. p.282.
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Large,
rounded, lobed, silvery pinkish-peach
leaves are most vibrant when young. In
summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers.

Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Ginger Ale', illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 12-16in

(30-40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded,
lobed, silvery-white-marbled, pale orange
leaves. In summer produces loose sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, creamy-pink
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Green Spice', illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 12in (30cm). Rounded, lobed,
silvery-green leaves have dark purple veins
and dark gray edges. In summer produces
loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
greenish-white flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. Key Lime Pie ('Tnheu042').

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 16in (40cm). Has rounded, lobed, lime-
green leaves. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
pinkish-white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Lime Rickey', illus. p.282. Strong¬
growing, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 16-20in (40-50cm), S 20in
(50cm). Rounded, lobed, ruffled, lime-green
leaves are brightest in spring. In summer
produces loose sprays of small, pendent,
bell-shaped, white flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Midnight Rose', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 20in (50cm). Rounded, lobed, dark purple
leaves have pink speckles that get larger
as the season progresses and may fade to
cream. In summer produces loose sprays of
small, pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers.
Z3-8H8-1.

H. 'Obsidian'. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Has
rounded, lobed, smooth, glossy, dark
purple-black leaves. In summer produces
loose sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
ivory flowers on red stems. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Palace Purple'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
persistent, heart-shaped, deep purple
leaves and sprays of small, white flowers
in summer. Cut leaves last well in water.

Z3-8H8-1.

H. 'Peach Flambe', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 20in (50cm). Large, rounded, lobed,
smooth, rich peach leaves develop purplish
hues in winter. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
white flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Pearl Drops'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
(30cm). In early summer bears small,
pendent, bell-shaped, white flowers tinged
pink. Leaves are rounded, lobed, toothed
and dark green. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Peppermint Spice', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming, rather
compact perennial. H 16in (40cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Has rounded, lobed,
purple-veined, silver green leaves. In
summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers.

Z3-8H8-1.

H. 'Pewter Moon', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 16in (40cm), S 12-20in (30-50cm).

Rounded, lobed, veined, silvery-green
leaves have deep maroon undersides. In
summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, soft pink flowers
on maroon stems. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Plum Pudding', illus. p.280.

H. 'Purple Petticoats', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 16in (40cm), S 12-20in (30-50cm). 597

Rounded, lobed, ruffled, rich purple leaves _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

x HEUCHERELLA

are a brighter reddish-purple beneath. In
summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, cream flowers. Z3-8
H8-1.

H. 'Red Spangles'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).

Has heart-shaped, purplish-green leaves
and spikes of small, bell-shaped, crimson-
scarlet flowers in summer. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. sanguinea 'Snow Storm', illus. p.282.
Slow-growing, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 12-16in (30—
40cm). Rather small, rounded, lobed, green
leaves each have a large, creamy-white
center. In summer produces loose sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, coral-pink
flowers. May be short-lived. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Scintillation'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 18-30in (45-75cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). In early summer
produces long, feathery sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, deep pink flowers,
each rimmed with coral-pink. Bears
rounded, lobed, toothed, dark green leaves.
Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Silver Scrolls', illus. p.282.

Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 20in (50cm), S 16-20in (40-50cm).
Rounded, lobed, silver and burgundy
leaves are at their most vibrant when
young. In summer produces loose sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish-
white flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Southern Comfort', illus. p.282.
Strong-growing, evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 20-24in (50-60cm), S 24-28in
(60-70cm). Large, rounded, lobed, rather
hairy, brownish-peach leaves age to burnt-
copper. In summer produces loose sprays
of small, pendent, bell-shaped, white
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Stormy Seas'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 16in (40cm), S 16-20in
(40-50cm). Rounded, lobed, gray-silver-
mottled, glossy, maroon-purple leaves,
aging to bronze-green, have vivid purple
undersides. In summer produces loose
sprays of small, pendent, bell-shaped,
cream flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

H. 'Tiramisu', illus. p.282. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has rounded,
lobed, red-flushed, copper-yellow leaves.

In summer produces loose sprays of small,
pendent, bell-shaped, pinkish-cream
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Tnheu041'. See H. Cr£me BrOlSe.

H. 'Tnheu042'. See H. Key Lime Pie.

x HEUCHERELLA

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Heuchera x Tiarella) of
evergreen, mainly late spring- and
summer-flowering perennials. Prefers
partial shade and needs fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by basal cuttings
in spring or by division in spring or fall.

See also feature panel p.282.
x H. alba 'Bridget Bloom'. Evergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has dense, bright green
leaves and, in early summer, many feathery
sprays of tiny, bell-shaped, rose-pink
flowers, which continue intermittently until
fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

x H. tiarelloides, illus. p.264. 'Alabama
598 Sunrise' is an evergreen, groundcover
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Rounded,

deeply lobed, red-veined, golden-yellow
young leaves fade to bright green and
develop orange tints in fall. In early
summer produces feathery sprays of small,
bell-shaped, pendent, white flowers.
'Dayglow Pink', H and S 12-16in
(30-40cm), has dark-veined, rich green
leaves and numerous feathery sprays of
bright pink flowers. 'Heart of Darkness',
H and S 16in (40cm), has green leaves, each
with a large dark purple central zone
surrounded by silver-gray, and produces
white flowers. 'Kimono' (illus. p.282),

H and S 16in (40cm), is vigorous and has
very deeply lobed, purple-veined, silvery-
purple and green leaves and loose sprays
of cream flowers. 'Stoplight' (illus. p.282),
H and S 16in (40cm), has red-veined, bright
yellow leaves and white flowers.

Hexastylis. SeeAsarum.

HIBBERTIA

syn. CANDOLLEA

DILLENIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and twining
climbers, grown for their flowers. Needs
full light or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Water freely in summer, less at other
times. Provide stems with support. Thin
out congested growth in spring. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

H. cuneiformis, illus. p.458.

H. scandens, syn. H. volubilis. Vigorous,
evergreen, twining climber. H 20ft (6m).

Has oblong to lance-shaped, glossy, deep
green leaves, lV2-372in (4-9cm) long.
Saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
lV 2 in (4cm) across, are produced mainly
in summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

H. volubilis. See H. scandens.

HIBISCUS

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs,
trees, perennials and annuals, grown for
their flowers. Needs full sun and rich, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Tip prune young plants to
promote bushiness; cut old plants back hard
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring,
shrubs and trees by greenwood cuttings in
late spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer, perennials by division in fall or
spring. Whitefly may cause problems.

H. mutabilis (Confederate rose. Cotton
rose). Evergreen, erect to spreading shrub
or tree. H and S 10—15ft (3-5m). Rounded
leaves have 5-7 shallow lobes. In summer-
fall bears funnel-shaped, sometimes
double, white or pink flowers, 3-4in
(7-10cm) wide, that age from pink to deep
red. In light frost dies back to ground level.
Z10-11 H12-8.

H. rosa-sinensis (Chinese hibiscus,
Hawaiian hibiscus. Rose of China).
Evergreen, rounded, leafy shrub. H and
S 5—10ft (1.5-3m) or more. Oval, glossy
leaves are coarsely serrated. Produces
funnel-shaped, bright crimson flowers,

4in (10cm) wide, mainly in summer but
also in spring and fall. Z14-15 H12-1. Many
color selections are grown including 'The
President', illus. p.455.

H. schizopetalus (Japanese lantern).
Evergreen, upright, spreading, loose shrub.
H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m) or more. Has oval.

serrated leaves and, in summer, pendent,
long-stalked flowers, 272in (6cm) wide,
with deeply fringed, reflexed, pink or red
petals. May be trained as a climber. Z13-15
H12-10.

H. syriacus (Rose of Sharon). 'Blue
Bird'. See H. syriacus 'Oiseau Bleu'.
'Diana' is a deciduous, upright shrub.

H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has oval, lobed,
deep green leaves and very large, trumpet¬
shaped, pure white flowers, with wavy-
edged petals, from late summer to mid¬
fall. Z5-9 H9-1. 'Oiseau Bleu', syn.

H. syriacus 'Blue Bird', illus. p.138. 'Red
Heart', illus. p.132. 'Woodbridge',
illus. p.136.

H. trionum , illus. p.300.

HIDALGOA

Climbing dahlia

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, leaf stalk climbers,
grown for their single, dahlia-like flower
heads. Requires full light and rich, well-
drained soil. Water freely when in full
growth, less at other times. Needs support.
In spring, thin out crowded stems or cut
back all growth to ground level. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in spring. Aphids, red
spider mite and whitefly may be
troublesome.

H. wercklei. Moderately vigorous,
evergreen, leaf stalk climber. H 15ft (5m)
or more. Oval leaves are divided into
3, 5, or more, coarsely serrated leaflets.

In summer bears dahlia-like, scarlet flower
heads, yellowish in bud. Zll-13 H12-10.

HIERACIUM

Hawkweed

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials; most are weeds, but
the species described below is grown for
its foliage. Needs sun and poor, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in fall or spring.

H. lanatum , illus. p.277.

HIMALAYACALAMUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

H. falconeri, syn. Arundinaria
falconeri, Drepanostachyum falconeri,
Thamnocalamus falconeri. Evergreen,
clump-forming bamboo. H 15-30ft (5-10m),
S 3ft (lm). Greenish-brown stems have a
dark purple ring beneath each node. Has
yellowish-green leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long, without visible tessellation, and
unimportant flower spikes. Z9-11 H12-8.

HIPPEASTRUM

Amaryllis
AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their huge,
funnel-shaped flowers. Is often incorrectly
cultivated as Amaryllis. Requires full sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant
large-flowered hybrids in fall, half burying
bulb; after the leaves die away, dry off
bulb until following fall. Smaller, summer¬
flowering species should be kept dry while
dormant in winter. Propagate by seed in
spring or by offsets in spring (summer¬

flowering species) or fall (large-flowered
hybrids). 0 All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

H. advenum. See Rhodophiala advena.

H. 'Apple Blossom', illus. p.414.

H. aulicum, syn. H. morelianum, illus.
p.414.

H. 'Belinda'. Winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
similar to H. aulicum, but flowers are deep
velvety-red throughout, stained darker
towards centers. Z14-15 H12-1.

H. 'Black Pearl'. Winter-flowering
bulb. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has a
sturdy stem bearing 4-5 large, funnel-
shaped, dark maroon flowers and strap¬
shaped, semierect, basal leaves that
develop with or after the flowers.

Z14-15 H12-1.

H. 'Bouquet'. Winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
similar to H. aulicum, but has very wide,
salmon-pink flowers, with deep red veins
and red centers. Z14-15 H12-1.

H. morelianum. See H. aulicum.

H. 'Orange Sovereign'. Winter- to
spring-flowering bulb. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has strap¬
shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
leaves produced as, or just after, flowers
form. Sturdy stem bears head of 2-6 rich
orange-red flowers. Z14-15 H12-10.

H. procerum. See Worsleya rayneri.

H. 'Red Lion', illus. p.414.

H. reginae (Mexican lily). Summer¬
flowering bulb. H to 20in (50cm), S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Flower stem produces a head
of 2-4 scarlet flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, with star-shaped, green mark in
throat. Long, strap-shaped, semierect
leaves develop at base after flowering
has finished. Zll-12 H12-1.

H. rutilum. See H. striatum.

H. striatum, syn. H. rutilum. Spring- and
summer-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm),

S 8-10in (20-25cm). Has strap-shaped,
semierect, bright green, basal leaves.
Funnel-shaped flowers have pointed,
scarlet petals with central, green stripes.
Z14-15 H12-10.

H. 'Striped', illus. p.414.

H. vittatum (St. Joseph's lily). Vigorous,
spring-flowering bulb. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Leaves are broadly strap-shaped,
semierect and basal. Sturdy, leafless stem
precedes leaves and terminates in a head
of 2-6 red-striped, white flowers, 5-8in
(12-20cm) across. Z13-15 H12-10.

H. 'White Dazzler'. Winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb with a basal leaf cluster.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 12in (30cm). Is
similar to H. aulicum, but has pure white
flowers. Z14-15 H12-1.

HIPPOCREPIS

Horseshoe vetch , Vetch
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their pealike flowers. Requires full sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in spring or fall. Self-seeds readily. May
be invasive.

H. comosa, illus. p.373. 'E.R. Janes' is

a vigorous, prostrate, woody-based
perennial. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 6in (15cm)
or more. Rooting stems bear small, loose

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HOSTA

spikes of pealike, yellow flowers from late
spring to late summer. Leaves are divided,
with 3-8 pairs of narrowly oval leaflets.

HIPPOPHAE

ELAEAGNACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for
their foliage and showy fruits. Separate
male and female plants are required in
order to obtain fruits. Is suitable for
coastal areas, where it is wind-resistant
and excellent when grown as hedging.
Needs sun and is especially useful
for poor, dry or very sandy soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall. See also
feature panel p.142.

H. rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn), illus.
p.142. Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub or
small tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has narrow,
silvery leaves. Tiny, yellow flowers borne
in mid-spring are followed in fall by bright
orange berries on female plants. Z3-8
H8-1.

HOHERIA

MALVACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for
their flowers produced mainly in summer.
Requires sun or semi-shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

H. angustifolia, illus. p.85.

H. 'Glory of Amlwch'. Semievergreen,
spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Has
long, narrowly oval, glossy, bright green
leaves and a profusion of large, 5-petaled,
white flowers from mid- to late summer.
Z9-10 H10-9.

H. lyallii, illus. p.85.

H. populnea (Lacebark). Evergreen,
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m).
Bears narrowly oval, glossy, dark green
leaves. Produces dense clusters of
5-petaled, white flowers in late summer
and early fall. Bark on mature trees is pale
brown and white and often flaky. Z9-10
H10-9.

H. sexstylosa (Ribbonwood). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, upright tree or shrub.
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Glossy, pale green
leaves are narrowly oval and sharply
toothed. Star-shaped, 5-petaled, white
flowers are borne in clusters from mid-
to late summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

HOLBOELLIA

LARDIZABALACEAE

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown mainly for their fine foliage. Both
male and female flowers are borne on the
same plant. Needs partial shade or full sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by stem
cuttings in late summer or fall.

H. brachyandra. Evergreen, twining
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has mid-green
leaves, to 5in (12cm) long, divided into
3 ovate to elliptic leaflets. In summer
produces racemes of 4-8 large, fragrant,
white flowers.

H. coriacea. Evergreen, twining
climber. H 16ft (to 5m). Has glossy, mid-
to dark green leaves divided into 3 ovate
to elliptic leaflets. In early summer

produces racemes of 5-8 fragrant, bell¬
shaped flowers with sepals of female
flowers reddish-purple; white, male
flowers have purple lines at bases.
Flowers are sometimes followed
by ovoid, light purple fruits. Z10-11
H12-10.

H. latifolia [purple form] illus. p.194;
[white form] illus. p.192.

HOLCUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

H. mollis (Creeping soft grass).
'Albovariegatus', syn. H. mollis
'Variegatus' Evergreen, spreading,
variegated, perennial grass. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S indefinite. Has white-striped
leaves and hairy nodes. In summer
produces purplish-white flower spikes.
Z5-9 H9-5. 'Variegatus'. See H. mollis
'Albovariegatus'.

HOLMSKIOLDIA

VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs or scrambling
climbers. Needs full light and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water freely in growing
season, less at other times. Requires tying
to supports. Thin out crowded growth
in spring or after flowering has finished.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
Whitefly and red spider mite may be
troublesome.

H. sanguinea (Chinese hat plant).
Evergreen, straggly shrub. H to 15ft (5m),

S 6ft (2m). Has oval, serrated leaves, 2-4in
(5-10cm) long. Produces showy, red or
orange flowers, with saucer-shaped calyces
and central, 5-lobed tubes, in fall-winter.
Z10-11 H12-10.

HOLODISCUS

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their flowers in summer. Needs sun
or partial shade and any but very dry
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer.

H. discolor , illus. p.113.

HOMERIA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
corms, grown for their widely funnel-
shaped, cup-shaped or flattish flowers.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. To
produce flowers in spring, pot in fall in a
cool greenhouse, water until after
flowering, then dry off for summer. To
produce flowers in summer, plant in the
open in spring. Propagate by seed,
division or offsets in fall. 0 H. collina is
toxic to livestock.

H. ochroleuca. Spring- or summer¬
flowering corm. H to 22in (55cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Slender, wiry stems each bear
1 or 2 long, narrow, semierect leaves on
lower part of stem. Produces a succession
of upright, cup-shaped to flattish, yellow
flowers, each sometimes with a central,
orange stain. Z9-10 H10-9.

HOMOGYNE

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, useful
for groundcover in rock gardens and
woodland. Needs shade and moist soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
when fresh.

H. alpina (Alpine coltsfoot). Mat-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3-6in (8-15cm),

S 6in (15cm) or more. Has kidney-shaped,
toothed, glossy leaves and, in summer,
stems, 3-6in (8-15cm) or more long, each
bear a daisylike, rose-purple flower head.

HOODIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of branching, perennial succulents,
grown for their firm, erect, green stems,
generally branching from the base. Needs
full sun and very well-drained soil. Is
difficult to cultivate. Water sparingly at
all times. Propagate by seed or grafting
in spring or summer.

H. bainii. See H. gordonii.

H. gordonii , syn. H. bainii. Variable, erect,
clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 32in
(80cm), S 12in (30cm). Green stem is
covered with short, spine-tipped tubercles
in distorted rows. Often branches into
clumps. Produces 5-lobed, flesh-colored to
brownish flowers in late summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

HORDEUM

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

H. jubatum , illus. p.286.

HORMINUM

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of basal-rosetted
perennial, suitable for rock gardens.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

H. pyrenaicum (Dragon's mouth,
Pyrenean dead nettle). Basal-rosetted
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). In summer
produces whorls of nodding, short-stalked,
funnel-shaped, blue-purple or white
flowers above oval, leathery, dark green
leaves, 3-4in (8-10cm) long. Z6-8 H8-6.

HOSTA

Plantain lily

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown mainly for
their decorative foliage. Forms large
clumps that are excellent for groundcover
(heights given are those of foliage). Most
species prefer shade and rich, moist but
well-drained, neutral soil. Propagate by
division in early spring. Seed-raised plants
(except of H. ventricosa ) very rarely come
true to type. Slug and snail control is
essential. See also feature panel pp.272-3.
H. albomarginata. See H. sieboldii
'Paxton's Original'.

H. 'Allan P. McConnell ', illus. p.273.
Clump-forming perennial. H 6-8in
(15-20cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has
broadly to narrowly ovate, olive-green
leaves with narrow, white margins. In mid¬

summer produces bell-shaped, purple
flowers on scapes 14-16in (35-40cm) long.
Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'American Halo'. Robust, densely
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 22in
(55cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has large, broadly
ovate, strongly veined, dark blue-green
leaves, with heart-shaped bases and wide,
irregular, yellow margins becoming ivory-
white as they mature. In early and mid¬
summer produces broadly funnel-shaped,
pure white flowers on scapes 2ft (60cm)
long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Antioch', illus. p.272. Robust,
clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 36in (90cm). Has broadly ovate, matt,
dark green leaves irregularly margined
gray-green and creamy-yellow, fading to
white. In mid-summer bears funnel-
shaped, lavender-blue flowers on scapes
36in (90cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'August Moon illus. p.273. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 30in (75cm). Has rounded to heart-
shaped, cupped, puckered, pale green
leaves becoming golden-yellow with a
faint glaucous bloom. In summer bears
bell-shaped, grayish-white flowers on
scapes 36in (90cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Big Daddy'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has
rounded to heart-shaped, cupped, deeply
puckered, glaucous, gray-blue leaves. In
early summer bears bell-shaped, grayish-
white flowers on scapes 32in (80cm) long.
Z3-8H8-1.

H. 'Birchwood Parky's Gold', syn. H.
'Golden', H. 'Golden Nakaiana', illus. p.273.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.

H 14-16in (35-40cm), S . Has heart-shaped,
matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich
yellow with age. In mid-summer bears bell¬
shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers on
scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Blue Angel'. Slow-growing, clump¬
forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 24in
(60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, wavy,
glaucous, bluish-gray leaves. In mid¬
summer bears bell-shaped, grayish- or
mauvish-white flowers on scapes 3ft (lm)
long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Blue Cadet'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 14-16in (35-40cm), S 30in
(75cm). Has small, broadly ovate leaves,
blue-green above and glaucous beneath,
with heart-shaped bases. Produces funnel-
shaped, rich lavender flowers in long,
dense racemes, 22in (55cm) long, from mid-
to late summer. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Blue Moon'. Slow-growing, compact,
clump-forming perennial. H 5in (12cm),

S 12in (30cm). Oval to rounded, grayish-
blue leaves taper to a point. In mid¬
summer, dense clusters of trumpet-shaped,
mauve flowers, on scapes 8-1 Oin (20-25cm)
long, are borne just above leaves. Is
suitable for a rock garden. Prefers partial
shade. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Blue Mouse Ears'. Slow-growing,
clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has very small, shallowly
cupped, ovate, rich blue-green leaves,
which in mature plants are almost round
in shape. Produces clusters of bell-shaped,
lavender-striped, rich violet flowers, on
scapes 8in (20cm) long, in mid- and late
summer. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Blue Wedgwood', illus. p.273. Slow-
growing, clump-forming perennial. H 1ft

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HOSTA

H

600

(30cm), S 172ft (45cm). Has wedge-shaped,
deeply quilted, blue leaves and, in summer,
produces lavender flowers on scapes 16in
(40cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Brim Cup', illus. p.273. Slow-growing,
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 14-16in (35-40cm). Erect, heart-shaped,
slightly cupped and puckered, thick, dark
green leaves are irregularly margined with
cream fading to white. Bears pale lavender-
blue flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long, in
summer. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Buckshaw Blue'. Slow-growing,
clump-forming perennial. H Min (35cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped,
concave, puckered, glaucous, deep blue-
green leaves. In early summer bears bell¬
shaped, grayish-white flowers on scapes
to 18in (45cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Candy Hearts'. Vigorous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 14-16in (35-40cm),

S 22in (55cm). Has heart-shaped, pointed,
greenish-gray-blue leaves. In summer
bears bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue to
off-white flowers on scapes to 20in (50cm)
long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Cherry Berry', illus. p.272. Mounded,
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has broadly lance-shaped,
creamy-yellow leaves, becoming ivory-
white, with broad, irregular, green
margins. In mid- to late summer produces
funnel-shaped, deep purple flowers on red
scapes 18in (45cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. decorata. Stoloniferous perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval to
rounded, dark green leaves have white
margins. Dense racemes of trumpet¬
shaped, deep violet or sometimes white
flowers, on scapes to 20in (50cm) long,
are borne in mid-summer. Z3-9 H9-1.
f. normalis has plain green leaves.

H. 'Devon Green', illus. p.272. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 16in
(40cm). Red-spotted leaf stalks bear lance¬
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves maturing
to broadly ovate to heart-shaped. In
mid-summer bears bell-shaped, grayish-
lavender-blue flowers on scapes to 18in
(45cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Dream Weaver', illus. p.273.
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 18in
(45cm), S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly
ovate, strongly ribbed, chartreuse-green
leaves, later ivory-white in the center, with
very broad, dark blue-green margins,
glaucous beneath. Produces funnel-shaped,
lavender-striped, white flowers, on scapes
to 28in (70cm) long, in mid- and late
summer. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Fire and Ice', illus. p.273. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H 14-16in
(35-40cm), S indefinite. Has heart-shaped,
matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich
yellow with age. In mid-summer bears
bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers
on scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Fire Island'. Clump-forming
perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 18in (45cm).
Bright red stems bear ovate, puckered,
bright yellow leaves becoming more green
as the season progress, the red stem
coloring seeping into the leaf blade. In mid¬
summer has bell-shaped, lavender flowers
on scapes 20in (50cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. fluctuans 'Variegata'. See H. 'Sagae'.
H. fortunei. Group of vigorous, clump¬
forming, hybrid perennials. H 2Y2-3ft
(75cm-lm), S 3ft (lm) or more. Leaves are

oval to heart-shaped. Z3-9 H9-1. var.
albopicta, syn. H. fortunei 'Albopicta'
has pale green leaves, with creamy-yellow
centers, fading to dull green from mid¬
summer. Racemes of trumpet-shaped,
pale violet flowers, on scapes, 30in (75cm)
long, are produced in early summer,
var. aureomarginata, syn. H. fortunei
'Aureomarginata', H. fortunei 'Yellow Edge'
has mid-green leaves, with irregular,
creamy-yellow edges, and violet flowers.
Mass planting looks very effective.

Tolerates full sun. 'Yellow Edge'. See
H. fortunei var. aureomarginata.

H. 'Fragrant Bouquet', illus. p.273.
Mounded, clump-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 26in (65cm). Produces
heart-shaped, slightly puckered, slightly
wavy, chartreuse leaves edged in cream. In
late summer, large, fragrant, flared, very
pale lavender flowers are borne on scapes
36in (90cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Francee'. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (lm). Has
oval to heart-shaped, slightly cupped and
puckered, olive-green leaves with irregular,
white margins. In summer produces
arching, leafy scapes, 28in (70cm) long,
bearing funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers. Is late to emerge. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Ginko Craig', illus. p.273. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has
small, narrow, dark green leaves irregularly
margined white. In summer produces
spikes of bell-shaped, deep mauve flowers
on scapes, 22in (55cm) long. Is a good
edging plant. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Gold Edger', illus. p.272. Densely
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H to
12in (30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has
heart-shaped, matt, golden-yellow leaves
that fade to chartreuse with age. In late
summer produces bell-shaped, lavender
flowers on scapes to 12in (30cm) long.

Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Golden'. See H. 'Birchwood Parky's
Gold'.

H. 'Golden Nakaiana'. See H.

'Birchwood Parky's Gold'.

H. 'Golden Prayers', illus. p.273.

Upright, clump-forming perennial.

H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Cupped leaves
are puckered and bright golden-green.
Produces white flowers suffused with pale
lavender on scapes 18in (45cm) long. Is
suitable for a rock garden. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Golden Tiara', illus. p.273. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in
(30cm). Neat, broadly heart-shaped, dark
green leaves have well-defined, chartreuse-
yellow margins. In summer produces long
spikes of lavender-purple flowers on scapes
24in (60cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Gold Standard'. Vigorous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 272ft (75cm), S 3ft
(lm). Oval to heart-shaped leaves are pale
green, turning to gold from mid-summer,
with narrow, regular, dark green margins.
Racemes of trumpet-shaped, violet flowers,
on scapes, 372ft (1.1m) long, are produced
in mid-summer. Prefers partial shade.

Z3-9 H9-1.

H. gracillima. Clump-forming perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S 7in (18cm). Has lance-shaped,
wavy-margined, glossy, deep green leaves,
paler beneath. In summer-fall produces
purple-dotted scapes, lOin (25cm) long, of
widely funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers, purple striped within. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Grand Tiara'. Vigorous perennial
forming a compact mound. H 12in (30cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves with irregular, wide,
yellow margins. In summer produces bell¬
shaped, sometimes remontant, deep purple
flowers, striped lavender-blue within, on
scapes 32in (80cm) long. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Great Expectations', illus. p.273.
Clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm),

S 34in (85cm). Green-margined, white leaf
stalks bear heart-shaped, stiff, puckered,
thick leaves that are glaucous, blue-green
and irregularly but widely splashed with
yellow, fading to white in centers. In early
summer, bell-shaped, grayish-white
flowers are borne on leafy scapes, 28in
(70cm) long,. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Green Fountain'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Red-dotted leaf stalks bear arching, lance¬
shaped, wavy-margined, glossy, mid- green
leaves. Funnel-shaped, pale mauve flowers
are borne in summer, on scapes 24in
(60cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Ground Master', illus. p.272.
Vigorous, stoloniferous, prostrate
perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 22in (55cm).

Has ovate to lance-shaped, matt, olive-
green leaves, with wavy, irregular, creamy
margins, fading to white. In summer bears
straight, leafy scapes, 24in (60cm) long, of
funnel-shaped, purple flowers,. Z3-9 H9-2.
H. 'Guacamole'. Vigorous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in
(65cm). Bold, heart-shaped, slightly wavy,
soft gold leaves are irregularly edged in
green. In mid-summer has flared, very pale
lavender flowers on scapes 34in (85cm)
long. Leaves color best in good light. Z3-8
H8-1.

H. 'Hadspen Blue', illus. p.272. Slow-
growing, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 12in (30cm). Smooth leaves are heart-
shaped and deep glaucous blue. Produces
short spikes of lavender flowers, on
scapes 14in (35cm) long, in summer.

Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Halcyon', illus. p.272. Robust, clump¬
forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm).
Has heart-shaped, tapering, grayish-blue
leaves that fade to muddy-green in full sun;
texture may be spoiled by heavy rain.

Heavy clusters of trumpet-shaped, violet-
mauve flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long,
open just above foliage in mid-summer.
Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Honeybells'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Light
green leaves are blunt at the tips and
have wavy margins. In late summer bears
fragrant, pale lilac flowers on scapes
37 2 ft (1.1m) long. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Hydon Sunset', illus. p.273. Densely
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and
S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped leaves,
bright gold in spring and mid-green by
late summer. In late summer produces
bell-shaped, purple flowers on scapes to
24in (60cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. hypoleuca. Clump-forming perennial.

H 172ft (45cm), S 3ft (lm). Broadly oval
leaves have widely spaced veins and are
pale green above, striking white beneath.

In late summer bears drooping racemes
of trumpet-shaped, milky-violet flowers,
on scapes 14in (35cm) long, with mauve-
flecked, pale green bracts. Tolerates full
sun. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Inniswood'. Densely mounding,
clump-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm),

S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly ovate
to rounded, heart-shaped, seersuckered,
rich golden-yellow leaves, with dark green
margins and glaucous beneath. In mid¬
summer produces funnel-shaped, pale
lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Invincible', illus. p.272. Densely
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and
S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-
tipped, leathery, glossy, olive-green leaves.
In late summer produces slightly fragrant,
funnel-shaped, pale lavender flowers on
scapes to 24in (60cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'June', illus. p.272. Dense, clump¬
forming perennial. H 15in (38cm), S 28in
(70cm). Has heart-shaped, smooth, gray-
blue leaves irregularly splashed in centers
with yellow and yellowish green. Bell¬
shaped, lavender-gray flowers, on scapes
18in (45cm) long, are borne in late summer.
Is a sport of H. 'Halcyon'. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Kabitan'. See H. sieboldii f. kabitan.

H. kikutii. Clump-forming perennial.

H 16in (40cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to
lance-shaped, deeply veined, dark green
leaves. Racemes of bell-shaped, near-white
flowers are borne in a tight bunch at the
top of raceme on conspicuously leaning
scapes, 24in (60cm) long, in mid-summer.
Z3-9 H9-1. var. caput-avis is smaller,
and flower bud resembles a bird's head.
'Kifukurin' has larger leaves margined
with cream.

H. 'Krossa Regal'. Vase-shaped, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (lm).
Arching, deeply ribbed leaves are grayish-
blue. Produces long spikes of pale lilac
flowers, on scapes 472ft (1.4m) long,
in summer. Tolerates sun. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. lancifolia , illus. p.273. Clump-forming
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 30in (75cm).
Arching, narrowly lance-shaped, glossy,
dark green leaves overlap neatly into
a dense mound. Bell-shaped, lavender
flowers, on scapes 26in (65cm) long, are
produced in late summer. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Love Pat'. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Produces
rounded, deeply puckered, deep glaucous
blue leaves. Bears racemes of pale lilac
flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm) long, in
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Minuteman', illus. p.272. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
(60cm). Has oval, slightly wavy-rimmed,
white-margined, dark green leaves. In mid-
and late summer produces funnel-shaped,
lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. montana. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H 372ft (1.1m), S 3ft (lm). Has
oval, prominently veined, glossy, dark
green leaves. Racemes of trumpet-shaped,
pale violet flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm)
long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3-9
H9-1. 'Aureomarginata' has leaves
irregularly edged with golden-yellow. Is
always the first hosta to appear in spring.
H. 'Moonlight'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 28in (70cm). Has
pale yellow leaves that emerge olive-green,
narrowly margined white. Produces funnel-
shaped, violet-budded, pinkish-lavender
flowers, on scapes 28in (70cm) long, in
mid-summer. Requires full shade. Z3-9
H9-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

H. 'Morning Light'. Clump-forming
perennial forming upright mounds of
foliage. H 18in (45cm), S 28in (70cm). Has
ovate, long-pointed, rich ivory-yellow
leaves, with irregular, dark green margins.
Produces narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender
flowers, on scapes to 28in (70cm) long, in
mid-summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Night Before Christmas', illus.
p.272. Clump-forming perennial. H 2ft
(60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Large, oval, slightly
wavy, rich dark green leaves are boldly
splashed with a central, bright white flash.
Has narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender
flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm) long, in
mid-summer. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. nigrescens, illus. p.272. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm),

S 26in (65cm). In late summer has oval to
heart-shaped, concave, puckered, glaucous
gray-green leaves, and racemes of funnel-
shaped, pearl-gray to white flowers, on
undulating scapes 472ft (1.4m) long. Z3-9
H9-2.

H. 'Paxton's Original'. See H. sieboldii
'Paxton's Original'.

H. 'Piedmont Gold'. Slow-growing,
clump-forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm),

S 272ft (75cm). Smooth leaves are bright
yellowish-green with fluted margins.
Racemes of white flowers, on scapes
to 26in (65cm) long, are produced in
summer. Is best in partial shade.

Z3-9 H9-1.

H. plantaginea. Lax, clump-forming
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m).
Leaves are oval and glossy, pale green.
Rising well above these are scapes, 26-
30in (65-75cm) long, crowned in late
summer and early fall with fragrant,
trumpet-shaped, white flowers that open
in the evening. Prefers sunny conditions.
Z3-9 H9-1. var . japonica, syn. H.
plantaginea 'Grandiflora' has larger,
longer-tubed flowers, to 5in (13cm) long.
Z3-9 H9-2. 'Grandiflora'. See H.
plantaginea var. japonica.

H. recti folia. Upright, clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm).
Produces oval to lance-shaped, dark green
leaves and racemes of large, trumpet¬
shaped, violet flowers, to 24-30in (60-75cm)
long, from mid- to late summer. Z3-9 H9-1.
H. 'Regal Splendor', illus. p.272. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (lm).
Arching, grayish-blue leaves are suffused
white or yellow at margins. Lilac flowers,
on scapes 472ft (1.4m) long, are produced
in summer. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Remember Me', illus. p.273. Densely
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 16in
(40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oval,
bright ivory-white to creamy-yellow leaves
with irregular, green-margins. Tubular,
lavender flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm)
long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3-9
H9-2.

H. 'Revolution', illus. p.273. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 372ft
(1.1m). Ivory-white leaf stalks, finely
outlined dark green, bear broadly ovate,
wavy, lustrous, green-flecked, ivory-cream
leaves, margined and splashed dark green
and overlaid with light olive-green. In
mid-summer has narrowly funnel-shaped,
lavender-blue flowers on scapes 20in
(50cm) long. Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Royal Standard'. Upright, clump¬
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft

(1.2m). Broadly oval leaves are glossy,
pale green. Pure white, slightly fragrant,
trumpet-shaped flowers, to 3ft (lm) long,
are produced well above foliage and open
in the evening. Prefers sun. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Sagae', syn. H. fluctuans 'Variegata',
illus. p.273. Semierect, clump-forming
perennial. H 272ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Very
large, roughly triangular, dark green leaves
have gold edges which fade to cream or
white. Flared, lavender flowers are borne,
on scapes 4ft (1.2m) long, in mid-summer.
Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Sea Thunder'. Vigorous, dense-
mounding, clump-forming perennial.

H 16-20in (40-50cm), S 3ft (lm). Has
narrowly ovate to ovate, ivory-cream
leaves, irregularly margined dark olive-
green, often with intrusions of olive-green
towards center. Produces broadly funnel-
shaped, purple flowers, on scapes 36in
(90cm) long, in late summer. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Shade Fanfare'. Vigorous, clump¬
forming perennial. H 172ft (45cm), S 272ft
(75cm). Heart-shaped leaves are pale green
with cream margins. In summer has an
abundance of lavender flowers on scapes
24in (60cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. sieboldiana , illus. p.272. Robust,
clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (lm) or
more, S 5ft (1.5m). Large, heart-shaped,
deeply ribbed, puckered leaves are bluish-
gray. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, very
pale lilac flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm)
long, are produced in early summer, just
above foliage. Makes good groundcover.
Tolerates sun, but leaves may then turn dull
green. Z3-9 H9-2. var. elegans has larger,
bluer leaves and scapes 28in (70cm) long.
'Frances Williams' has yellow-margined
leaves, scapes 28in (70cm) long, is slower-
growing and should not be grown in full
sun. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. sieboldii f. kabitan , syn. H. 'Kabitan'
Clump-forming perennial, spreading by
short runners. H to 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm).
Lance-shaped, thin-textured, glossy leaves
are yellow-centered and have narrow,
undulating, dark green margins. In early
summer produces small, trumpet-shaped,
pale violet flowers on scapes 12-16in
(30-40cm) long. Is suitable for a shaded
rock garden. Needs establishing in a pot
for first few years. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Paxton's
Original', syn. H. albomarginata , H.
'Paxton's Original', H lVzft (45cm), is
vigorous, and has round-tipped, mid- to
dark green leaves with irregular, white
margins. Violet flowers are produced in
late summer and are followed by ovoid,
glossy, dark green, then brown seed heads,
which are useful for flower arrangements.
H. 'Snowden'. Clump-forming perennial.
H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Has large,
pointed, glaucous, blue leaves that mature
to sage-green. Long stems produce white
flowers tinged with green, on thick scapes
3ft (lm) long, in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'So Sweet', illus. p.273. Clump-forming
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 22in (55cm). Has
ovate to lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green
leaves margined creamy-white. In mid- and
late summer, lavender-blue buds open to
fragrant, funnel-shaped, purple-striped,
white flowers on scapes 24in (60cm) long.
Z3-9 H9-2.

H. 'Stiletto'. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
lance-shaped, rippled, mid-green leaves

margined creamy-white. In summer
produces funnel-shaped, purple-striped,
lavender-blue flowers on scapes 12in
(30cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Striptease'. Densely mounding,
clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),

S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrowly ovate to ovate
leaves, dark green leaves, glaucous
beneath, with chartreuse-green centers,
sometimes white-flecked, later becoming
ivory-yellow. Produces funnel-shaped,
violet then lavender flowers on scapes,

28in (70cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3-8
H8-1.

H. 'Sum and Substance'. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft
(lm). Produces large, greenish-gold leaves
that are thick in texture and, in mid¬
summer, pale lavender flowers on
scapes 3ft (lm) long. Tolerates full sun.
Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Tall Boy'. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 2ft (60cm). Has large, bright green
leaves ending in long points. In summer
produces masses of rich lilac flowers on
scapes 4ft (1.2m) or more long. Z3-9 H9-1.
H. tardiflora. Slow-growing, clump¬
forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 272ft
(75cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, thick-
textured, dark green leaves. Dense
racemes of trumpet-shaped, lilac-purple
flowers, on scapes 14in (35cm) long, are
borne from late summer to early fall.

Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Tattoo', illus. p.273. Clump-forming
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
Broadly ovate, slightly puckered, pale
green leaves have a maple-leaf-shaped,
gold centers edged in darker green. Bears
bell-shaped, lavender flowers, on scapes
18in (45cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3-9
H9-2.

H. 'Thomas Hogg'. See H. undulata var.
albomarginata.

H. tokudama, syn. H. 'Tokudama'. Very
slow-growing, clump-forming perennial.

H 17zft (45cm), S 27 2 ft (75cm). Produces
cup-shaped, puckered, blue leaves.

Racemes of trumpet-shaped, pale lilac-gray
flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) long, are
produced in mid-summer. Z3-9 H9-1.
f. aureonebulosa , syn. H. tokudama
'Aureonebulosa', H. tokudama
'Variegata', illus. p.274. 'Aureonebulosa'.
See H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa.
f. flavocircinalis (illus. p.272), often
mistaken for a juvenile H. sieboldiana
'Frances Williams', has heart-shaped
leaves with wide, irregular, creamy-yellow
margins. Z3-9 H9-2. 'Variegata'. See
H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa.

H. 'Tokudama'. See H. tokudama.

H. 'Torchlight'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 34in (85cm).
Strongly red-streaked leaf stalks bear
ovate, slightly folded, wavy, smooth,
dark olive-green leaves lightly streaked
chartreuse, with irregular, ivory margins.
Bears funnel-shaped, rich lavender-blue
flowers, on scapes 30in (75cm) long, in late
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. undulata var. undulata , syn.

H. 'Undulata'. Clump-forming perennial.

H to 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance¬
shaped to elliptic or narrowly ovate,
slightly pointed, twisted, deeply channeled,
mid-green leaves that are thin but leathery
and strongly wavy-margined, with central,
white or pale yellow-white markings.

HOSTA

Funnel-shaped, mauve flowers, on arching
leaf scapes 20-32in (50-80cm) long, are
produced in early and mid-summer.

Z3-9 H9-1. var. albomarginata , syn.

H. 'Thomas Hogg', H. 'Undulata
Albomarginata'. H 22in (55cm), S 24in
(60cm), has broadly oval, flat or slightly
wavy-margined, dark green leaves, with
irregular, cream or pale yellow margins.
Z3-9 H9-2. var. erromena, syn.

H. 'Undulata Erromena'. H lVfefft (45cm),

S 2ft (60cm), is robust and bears broadly
oval, tapering, matt, mid-green leaves,
var. univittata, syn. H. 'Undulata
Univittata'. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 28in (70cm),
has oval, twisted, matt, olive-green leaves
that have narrow, cream centers.

H. 'Undulata'. See H. undulata var.
undulata.

H. 'Undulata Albomarginata'. See

H. undulata var. albomarginata.

H. 'Undulata Erromena'. See

H. undulata var. erromena.

H. 'Undulata Univittata'. See

H. undulata var. univittata.

H. ventricosa. Clump-forming perennial.
H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (lm) or more. Has
heart-shaped to oval, slightly wavy-
margined, glossy, dark green leaves.
Racemes of bell-shaped, deep purple
flowers, on scapes 32-36in (80-100cm)
long, are produced above foliage in late
summer. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Aureomarginata'.
See H. ventricosa 'Variegata'. 'Variegata',
syn. H. ventricosa 'Aureomarginata'
produces leaves with irregular, cream
margins.

H. venusta. Vigorous, mat-forming
perennial. H lin (2.5cm), S to 12in (30cm).
Has oval to lance-shaped, mid- to dark
green leaves. Abundant racemes of
trumpet-shaped, purple flowers, on scapes
10-14in (25-35cm) long, are borne well
above foliage in mid-summer. Is suitable
for a rock garden. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Suzuki
Thumbnail' produces small leaves,

2in (5cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

H. 'Whirlwind ', illus. p.273. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 17in (43cm), S 34in
(85cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, folded,
twisted and pointed, white to yellowish-
green leaves, with wide, dark green
margins. Funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm) long, are
produced in mid- and late summer. Z3-9
H9-2.

H. 'Wide Brim'. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 272ft (75cm). Leaves
are heavily puckered and dark blue-green,
with wide, irregular, creamy-white
margins. Produces white or very pale
lavender flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm)
long, in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

H. 'Yellow River'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (lm). Has
ovate to heart-shaped, pointed, thick, dark
green leaves with irregular, yellow
margins. Leafy scapes, 3ft (lm) long, of
funnel-shaped, very pale lavender-blue
flowers are produced in early summer.
Z3-9H9-1.

H. 'Zounds'. Slow-growing, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm).
Large, bright gold leaves are corrugated
and have metallic sheen. White or pale
lavender flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm)
long, are produced in early summer. Z3-9
H9-1.

601

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HOTTONIA

HOTTONIA

PRIMULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage and
delicate, primula-like flowers. Needs sun
and clear, cool water, still or running.
Periodically, thin overcrowded growth.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or
summer.

H. palustris, illus. p.435.

Houstonia serpyllifolia. See Hedyotis
michawdi.

HOUTTUYNIA

SAURURACEAE

Genus of one species of perennial or
deciduous marginal water plant, with far-
spreading rhizomes. Is sometimes used
for groundcover, but can be quite invasive.
Prefers partial shade and moist soil or
shallow water, beside streams and ponds.
Propagate by runners in spring.

H. cordata. Chameleon', syn. H. cordata
'Variegata' illus. p.444. 'Flore Pleno', syn.
H. cordata 'Plena' is a spreading perennial.

H 6-24in (15-60cm), S indefinite. Spikes
of insignificant flowers, surrounded by
8 or more oval, white bracts, are produced
above aromatic, fleshy, leathery, heart-
shaped, pointed leaves, in spring. Z6-11
H12-2. 'Plena'. See H. cordata 'Flore Pleno'.
'Variegata'. See H. cordata 'Chameleon'.

HOVENIA

RHAMNACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous,
summer-flowering tree, grown for its
foliage. Young, immature growth is
susceptible to frost damage. Prefers full
sun and requires fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

H. dulcis, illus. p.74.

HO WE A

syn. HOWE I A, KENTIA
Sentry palm

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
ornamental appearance. Needs partial shade
and rich, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely in summer, minimally in
winter and moderately at other times.
Propagate by seed in spring at not less than
79°F (26°C). Is prone to red spider mite.

H. forsteriana, syn. Kentia fosteriana
(Kentia palm. Thatch-leaf palm). Evergreen,
upright palm with a slender stem. H 30ft
(10m), S 10—12ft (3-4m). Has spreading,
feather-shaped leaves, 5—8ft (1.5-2.5m)
long, made up of strap-shaped leaflets.
Branching clusters of several spikes of
small, greenish-brown flowers are
produced in winter. Zll-12 H12-1.

Howeia. See Howea.

HOYA

Wax flower

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

602

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining and/or root climbers and loose
shrubs, grown for their flowers and foliage.

Grow in rich, well-drained soil with partial
shade in summer. Water moderately when in
full growth, sparingly at other times. Stems
require support. Cut back and thin out
crowded stems after flowering or in spring.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
H. australis , syn. H. darwinii. Moderately
vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining, root climber. H to 15ft (5m). Has
fleshy, rich green leaves. In summer
produces trusses of 20-50 fragrant, star¬
shaped, white flowers, with red-purple
markings. Z14-15 H12-8.

H. bella. See H. lanceolata subsp. bella.

H. carnosa, illus. p.460.

H. coronaria. Slow-growing, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining and root climber.

H 6—10ft (2-3m). Bears thick, leathery, oblong
to oval leaves. In summer, bell-shaped,
yellow to white flowers are borne, each
spotted with red. Z13-15 H12-9.

H. darwinii of gardens. See H. australis.

H. imperialis. Vigorous, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining and root climber.
H to 20ft (6m). Oval, leathery, fleshy, mid¬
green leaves, 4-9in (10-23cm) long, are
covered with down. In summer produces
large, star-shaped, brown-purple to deep
magenta flowers, each with a cream center.
Z12-15 H12-9.

H. lanceolata subsp. bella , syn. H. bella ,
illus. p.460.

H. macgillivrayi, illus. p.462.

HUERNIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their finger-like,
usually 4-angled stems. Has minute, short¬
lived, deciduous leaves on new growth.
Needs sun or partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Is one of easiest stapeliads to
grow. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings
in spring or summer.

H. macrocarpa, syn. H. macrocarpa var.
arabica, illus. p.488. var. arabica. See
H. macrocarpa.

H. pillansii. Deciduous, clump-forming,
perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
Has a finger-like, light green stem that is
densely covered with short tubercles with
hairlike tips. Produces bell-shaped, creamy-
red flowers, with red spots, at base of new
growth, in summer-fall. Z13-15 H12-10.

H. primulina. See H. thuretii var.
primulina.

H. thuretii var. primulina, syn.

H. primulina. Deciduous, clump-forming,
perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 6in
(15cm). Stems are short, thick and gray-
green. In summer-fall, bell-shaped, dull
yellow flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across, with
reflexed, blackish tips, are produced at
base of new growth. Z13-15 H12-10.

H. zebrina (Owl's eyes). Deciduous, clump¬
forming, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). Is similar to H. thuretii var.
primulina , but has pale yellow-green flowers
with bands of red-brown. Z13-15 H12-10.

Humea. See Calomeria.

HUMULUS

Hops

CANNABACEAE

Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers.
Is useful for concealing unsightly garden
sheds or tree-stumps. Male and female

flowers are borne on separate plants;
female flower spikes become drooping
clusters known as "hops". Needs sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by tip cuttings in spring.

H. lupulus (Hops). Z4-8 H8-1. 'Aureus'
illus. p.194.

HUNNEMANNIA

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of poppy-like perennials, usually
grown as annuals. Needs sun and very
well-drained soil. Dead-head plants
regularly. Provide support, especially in
windy areas. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in early spring, or outdoors
in mid-spring.

H. fumariifolia (Mexican tulip poppy).
Z10-11 H12-9. 'Sunlite' is a fast-growing,
upright perennial, grown as an annual.

H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oblong,
very divided, bluish-green leaves and,
in summer and early fall, poppy-like,
semidouble, bright yellow flowers, to
3in (8cm) wide.

HYACINTHELLA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
for their short spikes of small, bell-shaped
flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and
cold greenhouses. Requires an open, sunny
situation and well-drained soil, which
partially dries out while bulbs are dormant
in summer. Propagate by seed in fall.

H. leucophaea, illus. p.421.

HYACINTHOIDES

syn. ENDYMION

Bluebell

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
for their bluebell flowers. Is suitable for
growing in borders and for naturalizing in
grass beneath trees and shrubs. Requires
partial shade and plenty of moisture.
Prefers heavy soil. Plant bulbs in fall 4-6in
(10-15cm) deep. Propagate by division in
late summer or by seed in fall. ® All parts
may irritate skin on contact, and may
cause severe discomfort if ingested.

H. hispanica of gardens. See H. x
massartiana.

H. italica, syn. Scilla italica. Spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Produces a basal cluster of
narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves.
Leafless stem produces a conical spike of
many flattish, star-shaped, blue flowers.
Vain (1cm) across. Z4-9 H9-1.

H. x massartiana [H. hispanica x H. non-
scripta), syn. H. hispanica, Scilla
campanulata, Scilla hispanica, illus. p.403.
H. non-scripta, syn. Scilla non-scripta,
Scilla nutans, illus. p.403.

HYACINTHUS

Hyacinth

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their dense
spikes of fragrant, tubular flowers. Is ideal
for spring bedding displays and for pot
cultivation indoors. Needs an open, sunny
situation or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Plant in fall. For winter flowers, force

large-size, specially "treated" bulbs of H.
orientalis cultivars by potting in early fall,
then keep cool and damp for several weeks
to ensure adequate root systems develop.
When shoot tips are visible, move into max.
50°F (10°C) at first, raising temperature as
more shoot appears and giving as much
light as possible. After forcing, keep in
a cool place to finish growth, then plant
out to recover. Propagate by offsets in
late summer or early fall. (D All parts may
cause stomach upset if ingested; contact
with the bulbs may aggravate skin
allergies.

H. amethystinus. See Brimeura
amethystina.

H. azureus. See Muscari azureum.

H. orientalis (Common hyacinth).
'Amsterdam' Winter- or spring-flowering
bulb. H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 2Va -4in
(6-10cm). Has strap-shaped, channeled,
semierect, glossy, basal leaves that develop
fully only after flowering. Flower stem
bears a dense, cylindrical spike of fragrant,
tubular, bright rose-red flowers, each with
6 recurving petals. 'Blue Jacket', illus.
p.403. 'City of Haarlem', illus. p.407.
'Delft Blue' has violet-flushed, soft blue
flowers. 'Distinction' produces slender,
open spikes of reddish-purple flowers;
those of 'Jan Bos' are crimson. 'Lady
Derby' bears rose-pink flowers.

'L' Innocence' has ivory-white flowers.

'O star a' has a large spike of blue flowers,
with a dark stripe along each petal center.
'Pink Pearl' has a dense spike of carmine-
pink flowers. Flowers of 'Princess Maria
Christina' are salmon-pink; those of
'Queen of the Pinks' are soft pink.
'Violet Pearl' produces spikes of violet
flowers. 'White Pearl', illus. p.415. Z5-9
H9-1.

HYDRANGEA

HYDRANGEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous
or evergreen, root climbers, grown for
their mainly domed or flattened flower
heads. Each head usually consists of
masses of small, inconspicuous, fertile
flowers, surrounded by or mixed with
much larger, sterile flowers bearing showy,
petal-like sepals. However, in some forms,
all or most of the flowers are sterile. Prefers
full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Needs more shade in
dry areas. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer. ® All parts of hydrangeas may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested;
contact with the foliage may aggravate skin
allergies. See also feature panel pp.134-135.
H. anomala subsp. petiolaris. See
H. petiolaris.

H. arborescens (Smooth hydrangea).
'Annabelle' (illus. p.134) Deciduous, open
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Long-stalked,
broadly oval leaves are glossy, dark green
above, paler beneath. Very large, rounded
heads of mainly sterile, white flowers are
borne in summer. Z4-9 H9-1.

'Grandiflora' has smaller flower heads
but larger sterile flowers. Z4-9 H9-1.

H. aspera. Deciduous, upright shrub with
arching branches. H and S to 13ft (4m).
Young stems are finely haired. Has lance¬
shaped to ovate, dark green leaves, downy
beneath. Pale blue, inner flowers,
surrounded by lilac-pink to white, outer

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ones, are borne in summer. Z6-9 H9-5.
'Mauvette' (illus. p.135) has slightly
deeper purple-mauve flowers, subsp.
sargentiana, syn. H. sargentiana (illus.
p.135), S 6ft (2m), is a gaunt shrub with
peeling bark, sturdy shoots and very large,
narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves,
gray down beneath. In late summer to mid¬
fall bears broad heads of flowers, the inner
ones small and blue or deep purple, the
outer ones larger and white, sometimes
flushed purplish-pink. Z7-8 H8-7. Villosa
Group, syn. H. villosa illus. p.133.

H. bretschneideri. See H. heteromalla
'Bretschneideri'.

H. heteromalla. Deciduous, arching
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
oval, dark green leaves turn yellow in fall.
Broad, flat, open heads of white flowers,

7in (17cm) across, are borne in mid- and
late summer. Z4-9 H9-1. ‘'Bretschneideri',
syn. H. bretschneideri has peeling, chestnut-
brown bark and large leaves, to 5in (12cm)
long and half as much wide. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Snowcap' (illus. p.134) has large, flat,
white flower heads, tolOin (25cm) across.
Z5-8 H8-5.

H. integerrima. See H. serratifolia.

H. involucrata. Deciduous, spreading,
open shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 6ft (2m). Has
broadly heart-shaped, bristly, mid-green
leaves. In late summer-fall bears heads of
small, blue, inner flowers surrounded by
large, pale blue to white, outer ones. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Hortensis' is smaller and has
clusters of cream, pink and green flowers.
H. longipes. Deciduous shrub with lax,
spreading habit. H and S to 10ft (3m).
Rounded to ovate, toothed, rough, gray-
green leaves are produced on long leaf
stalks. Has flat, white flower heads in mid¬
summer.

H. macrophylla (Bigleaf hydrangea.
Florist's hydrangea). Deciduous, bushy
shrub. H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 6-8ft (2-2.5m).
Has oval, toothed, glossy, light green
leaves. In mid- to late summer, blue or
purple flowers are produced in acid soils
with a pH of up to about 5.5. In neutral or
alkaline soils above this level, flowers are
pink or red. White flowers are not affected
by pH. Prune older shoots back to base in
spring. Trim back winter-damaged shoots
to new growth and remove spent flower
heads in spring. Is divided into 2 groups:
Hortensias, which have domed, dense
heads of mainly sterile flowers; and
Lacecaps, which have flat, open heads,
each with fertile flowers in center and
larger, sterile flowers on outside that are
green in bud. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Altona'
(Hortensia), illus. p.134, H 3ft (lm), S 5ft
(1.5m), has large heads of rich pink to deep
purple-blue flowers. ■'Ami Pasquier'
(Hortensia), illus. p.135, H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
(lm), is compact, with deep crimson or
blue-purple flowers. 'Ayesha' (Hortensia),
illus. p.135, H and S 3ft (lm), has flattened
heads of pink to lilac flowers and deep
green leaves. 'Blue Bonnet' (Hortensia),
illus. p.135, H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m),
produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink
flowers. 'Blue Wave'. See H. macrophylla
'Mariesii Perfecta'.'Europa' (Hortensia),
illus. p.135, H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm),
produces large florets of rich pink flowers.
Flower heads of 'Generate Vicomtesse
de Vibraye' (Hortensia), illus. p.134, H and
S 5ft (1.5m), are rounded and pale blue or

pink. Foliage is light green. 'Goliath'
(Hortensia), H and S 3ft (lm), has dark
green leaves and produces very large
florets of soft pink to pale blue flowers in
small heads. 'Hamburg' (Hortensia), illus.
p.134, H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m), is vigorous
and has large, deep pink to deep blue
flowers with serrated sepals. 'Lanarth
White' (Lacecap), H and S 5ft (1.5m), has
pink or blue fertile flowers edged with pure
white sterile flowers. 'Libelle' (Lacecap),
illus. p.135, H and S 5ft (1.5m), produces
very pale blue flowers, fading to creamy-
white, over a long period. 'Lilacina', syn.
H. macrophylla 'Mariesii Lilacina'

(Lacecap), illus. p.134, H and S 6ft (2m),
has deep lilac central flowers and pinkish-
purple outer flowers. 'Madame Emile
Mouillere' (Hortensia), illus. p.134 has
white flowers, becoming pale pink, and
prefers partial shade. 'Mariesii Lilacina'.
See H. macrophylla 'Lilacina'. 'Mariesii
Perfecta', syn. H. macrophylla 'Blue Wave'
(Lacecap), H 6ft (2m), S to 8ft (2.5m),
produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink
flowers. 'Mowe' (Lacecap), illus. p.135,

H and S 3ft (lm), has broad, flat flower
heads ranging in color from purple-red to
deep pink. 'Nigra' (Hortensia), H and S 3ft
(lm), has almost black stems bearing pink
or occasionally blue flowers. 'Preziosa'.
See H. 'Preziosa'. subsp. serrata. See H.
serrata. 'Tokyo Delight' (Lacecap), H and
S 3ft (lm), produces pink or white flowers
maturing to red-wine. "Tricolor' (Lacecap),
H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has variegated,
gray-green and yellow leaves and bears
pale pink to white in late summer.

'Veitchii' (Lacecap) has lilac-blue flowers.
'Westfallen' (Hortensia), H and S 3ft
(lm), bears bright red to purple flowers.

H. paniculata (Panicle hydrangea).
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading to
upright shrub. H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 8-10ft
(2.5-3m). Has ovate, pointed, toothed,
mid- to dark green leaves. In summer and
early fall produces large, usually conical
panicles of tiny, sometimes rose-tinted,
creamy-white, fertile flowers surrounded
by large, petal-like, white, sterile flowers
(florets) that usually mature to varying
shades of pink. Prune moderately to hard
annually to promote vigorous growth
and large inflorescences. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Big
Ben' (illus. p.134), H and S 5V 2 ft (1.7m), has
an upright habit, red stems and, in mid¬
summer, produces masses of large, conical
panicles of pale green, sterile florets that
turn white and then mature to deep pink
in mid-fall. Needs moderate to hard
pruning. 'Brussels Lace' has dark green
leaves and white flowers in late summer
and early fall. Needs moderate pruning.
'Dharuma' (illus. p.135), H and S 4ft
(1.2m), is a compact, relatively slow-
growing cultivar with mahogany-red
stems, dark green leaves and rounded
panicles of white, sterile florets in mid¬
summer; these mature to deep pink by
mid-fall. Is best left unpruned or given
only light pruning annually. Is good in a
small garden. 'Floribunda' has dense
conical heads of small, fertile, central
flowers surrounded by large, white ray
flowers. 'Grandiflora' has large, oval
and dark green leaves. Large, conical
panicles of mostly sterile, white flowers
turn pink or red from late summer. Prune
back hard in spring to obtain largest

panicles. 'Limelight' (illus. p.135), H 5%ft
(1.7m), S 7ft (2.2m), is robust and produces
very dense, broadly conical panicles of
lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer
gradually maturing to a mixture of lime-
green and warm pink by mid-fall. Needs
moderate pruning. 'Phantom' (illus.
p.134), H 5ft (1.5m), S 7ft (2.2m), is a robust,
upright cultivar producing dense, conical,
rounded panicles of sterile, white florets,
flushed yellow-green at tips, in mid¬
summer; these mature to warm, deep pink
by early fall. Needs moderate to hard
pruning. Flower heads of Pink Diamond
('Interhydia'), illus. p.135 turn pink with
age. Pinky-Winky ('Dvppinky'), illus.
p.134, H 4V 2 ft (1.4m), S 5V 2 ft (1.6m), has a
compact, upright, slightly spreading habit
with dark red stems, yellowish-green leaves
and dense, tapered, conical panicles of
lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer;
these mature to deep pink by early fall.
Responds well to moderate pruning. Is
good in a small garden. 'Praecox' flowers
from mid-summer. 'Silver Dollar' (illus.
p.134), H 4ft (1.2m), S 5V 2 ft (1.7m), is
compact with strong stems supporting very
dense, rounded panicles of white, sterile
florets, tipped pale yellow-green, produced
in mid-summer and maturing to pink in
mid-fall. Responds well to hard pruning.

Is very good in a small garden. 'Tardiva'
has both fertile and sterile flowers from
early to mid-fall. 'Unique' is similar to
H.p. 'Grandiflora', but is more vigorous
and has larger flowers.

H. petiolaris, syn. H. anomala subsp.
petiolaris, illus. p.195.

H. 'Preziosa', syn. H. macrophylla subsp.
serrata 'Preziosa', H. serrata 'Preziosa'.
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m),

S 6-8ft (2-2.5m). Has oval, toothed, light
green leaves. Pink flowers turn to deep
crimson. Z6-9 H9-6.

H. quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea).
Deciduous, bushy, mound-forming shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Deeply lobed, dark green
leaves turn red and purple in fall. Has white
flower heads from mid-summer to mid-fall.
Z5-9 H9-5. Snowflake ('Brido'), illus.
p.134 produces pure white fertile flower
bracts surrounded by a double rank of
white sterile flower bracts.

H. sargentiana , syn. H. aspera subsp.
sargentiana. Deciduous, upright, gaunt
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling
bark, sturdy shoots and very large,
narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves
with gray down beneath. In late summer to
mid-fall bears broad heads of flowers, the
inner ones small and blue or deep purple,
the outer ones larger and white, sometimes
flushed purplish-pink. Z7-8 H8-7.

H. scandens subsp. chinensis.
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, scandent
shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has spreading,
often pendent, branchlets and lance¬
shaped, slightly leathery, toothed, mid¬
green leaves. In summer produces
numerous, flattened flower heads with
central clusters of small, white, sterile
flowers and several blue to white, sterile
flowers along the margins. Is suitable for
training along a low wall. Z7-9 H9-7.

H. seemannii, illus. p.196.

H. serrata , syn. H. macrophylla subsp.
serrata (Mountain hydrangea). Deciduous,
bushy, dense shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m).

Has slender stems and light green leaves.

HYLOCEREUS

From mid- to late summer bears flat heads
of pink, lilac or white inner and pink or
blue outer flowers. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Bluebird'
(illus. p.135) has pale pink, pale purple or
blue flowers. 'Diadem' (illus. p.134) has a
compact habit and bright blue—sometimes
pink—flowers. 'Grayswood' (illus. p.135),
H and S 5ft (1.5m), is slow-growing and
bears blue fertile flowers surrounded by
white to pink, sterile flowers. 'Kiyosumi'
(illus. p.134) produces purple, young leaves
and pink to white fertile flowers
surrounded by red-edged, white sterile
flowers. 'Preziosa'. See H. 'Preziosa'.

H. serratifolia , syn. H. integerrima,
illus. p.196.

H. villosa. See H. aspera Villosa Group.

HYDROCHARIS

Frogbit

HYDROCHARITACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous,
perennial, floating water plant, grown for
its foliage and flowers. Requires an open,
sunny position in still water. Propagate by
detaching young plantlets as required.

H. morsus-ranae , illus. p.434.

Hydrocleis. See Hydrocleys.

HYDROCLEYS

syn. HYDROCLEIS

LIIVINOCHARITACEAE/ALISMATACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, annual
or perennial, water plants, grown for their
floating foliage and flowers. Is best grown
in large aquariums and tropical pools with
good light. Propagate by seed when ripe or \-\
by tip cuttings year-round.

H. nymphoides (Water poppy).

Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant,
evergreen in tropical conditions. S to 2ft
(60cm). Has floating, oval, mid-green leaves
and poppy-like, yellow flowers held above
foliage in summer. Considered invasive
in subtropical regions of North America.

Z9-10 H10-7.

HYGROPHILA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
perennial, submerged water plants and
marsh plants, grown for their foliage.
Remove fading leaves regularly. Propagate
by stem cuttings in spring or summer.

H. corymbosa 'Stricta'. Deciduous, erect
perennial suited to pond margins. H and S
12in (30cm). Long, slender leaves are
purple in spring and fall. Clusters of blue
flowers bloom on the main stem in
summer. Z9-11, H12-8.

HYLOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of fast-growing, perennial cacti,
grown for their erect, slender, climbing
stems that are jointed into sections, and
many aerial roots. Makes successful
grafting stock, except in northern Europe.

Needs sun or partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
in spring or summer.

H. undatus (Night-blooming cereus,
Queen-of-the-night). Fast-growing, 603

climbing, perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

HYLOMECON

S indefinite. Has freely branching,

3-angled, weakly spined, dark green stems,
3in (7cm) wide and jointed into sections.

In summer bears flatfish, white flowers,
12in (30cm) across, that last only one night.
Zll H12-10.

HYLOMECON

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of one species of vigorous perennial,
grown for its large, cup-shaped flowers. Is
good for rock gardens, borders and
woodlands but may be invasive. Prefers
partial shade and rich, moist soil.

Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

H. japonica, illus. p.335.

Hylotelephium anacampseros. See

Sedum anacampseros.

Hylotelephium cauticola. See Sedum
cauticola.

Hylotelephium ewersii. See Sedum
ewersii.

Hylotelephium populifolium. See

Sedum populifolium.

Hylotelephium sieboldii. See Sedum
sieboldii.

Hylotelephium spectabile. See Sedum
spectabile.

Hylotelephium tatarinowii. See Sedum
tatarinowii.

Hymenanthera crassifolia. See

Melicytus crassifolius.

Hymenanthera. See Melicytus.

HYMENOCALLIS

Spider lily

H AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, some of which are
evergreen, grown for their fragrant
flowers, somewhat like those of large
daffodils. Needs a sheltered site, full sun
or partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant
in early summer, lifting for winter in cold
districts. Alternatively, grow in a heated
greenhouse; reduce water in winter,
without drying out completely, then repot
in spring. Propagate by offsets in spring
or early summer.

H. calathina. See Ismene narcissiflora.

H. festalis. See Ismene x deflexa.

H. x macrostephana. See Ismene x
macrostephana.

H. narcissiflora. See Ismene narcissiflora.
H. speciosa. Evergreen, winter-flowering
bulb. H and S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has
broadly elliptic, semierect, basal leaves.
Produces a head of 5-10 fragrant, white
or green-white flowers, 8-12in (20-30cm)
wide, with a funnel-shaped cup and 6 long,
narrow petals. Z14-15 H12-10.

H. x spofforthiae 'Sulphur Queen'. See
Ismene x spofforthiae 'Sulphur Queen'.

HYMENOSPORUM

Australian frangipani

pTttosporaceae

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub
or tree, grown for its flowers and overall
appearance. Prefers full sun, though some
shade is tolerated. Requires rich, well-
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water
container specimens freely when in full
— growth, less at other times. Propagate by
604 seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring or
_ by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

H. flavum (Australian frangipani).
Evergreen, erect shrub or tree, gradually
spreading with age. H 30ft (10m) or more,

S 15ft (5m) or more. Has oval to oblong,
lustrous, rich green leaves. In spring-
summer bears terminal panicles of very
fragrant, tubular, 5-petaled, cream flowers
that age to deep sulfur-yellow. Z9-11 H12-9.

HYPERICUM

St. John's-wort

HYPERICACEAE/CLUSIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and deciduous,
semievergreen or evergreen subshrubs and
shrubs, grown for their conspicuous yellow
flowers with prominent stamens. Large
species and cultivars need sun or partial
shade and fertile, not too dry soil. Smaller
types, which are good in rock gardens,
do best in full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate species subshrubs and shrubs
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, cultivars by softwood cuttings only
in summer, perennials by seed or division
in fall or spring. Is generally trouble-free
but H. x inodorum 'Elstead' is susceptible
to rust, which produces orange spots on
leaves, H. 'Hidcote' to a virus that makes
leaves narrow and variegated.

H. balearicum. Evergreen, compact
shrub. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Small, oval,
green leaves have wavy edges and rounded
tips. Solitary, large, fragrant, shallowly
cup-shaped, yellow flowers are produced
at stem tips above foliage from early
summer to fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

H. beanii 'Gold Cup'. See H. x
cyathiflorum 'Gold Cup'.

H. bellum. Semievergreen, arching shrub.
H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Cup-shaped,
golden-yellow flowers are borne from
mid-summer to early fall. Shoots are
red. Oval, wavy-edged, mid-green leaves
redden in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

H. calycinum , illus. p.161.

H. cerastioides, syn. H. rhodoppeum.
Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with upright
and arching branches. H 6in (15cm) or
more, S 16-20in (40-50cm). Leaves are oval,
hairy and soft grayish-green. In late spring
and early summer produces masses of
saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers in
terminal clusters. Cut back hard after
flowering. Is suitable for a large rock
garden. Z6-9 H9-6.

H. coris. Evergreen, open, dome-shaped,
occasionally prostrate, subshrub. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Bears
long-stemmed whorls of 3 or 4 pointed,
oval leaves. Produces panicles of shallowly
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers,
streaked red, in summer. Is suitable for
a sheltered rock garden. Z7-9 H9-7.

H. x cyathiflorum 'Gold Cup', syn. H.
beanii 'Gold Cup'. Semievergreen, arching
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Produces pinkish-
brown shoots, oval, dark green leaves and,
from mid-summer to early fall, large, cup¬
shaped, golden-yellow flowers. Z8-9 H9-8.
H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum.
See H. empetrifolium var. prostratumof
gardens, var. prostratum of gardens,
syn. H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum
illus. p.373.

H. 'Hidcote', illus. p.160.

H. x inodorum 'Elstead', illus. p.161.

H. kouytchense, syn. H. patulum var.
grandiflorum, illus. p.161.

H. x moserianum. Deciduous, arching
shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Small,
bowl-shaped, yellow flowers are produced
above oval, dark green leaves from mid¬
summer to mid-fall. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Tricolor'
has leaves margined white and pink.
Prefers a sheltered position.

H. olympicum. Deciduous, upright,
slightly spreading, dense subshrub.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S to 6in (15cm). Tufts
of upright stems are covered in small, oval,
gray-green leaves. Produces terminal
clusters of up to 5 cup-shaped, bright
yellow flowers in summer. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Sulphureum'. See H. olympicum
f. uniflorum' Citrinum'. f. uniflorum
'Citrinum', syn. H. olympicum
'Sulphureum' illus. p.343.

H. patulum. Evergreen or semievergreen,
upright shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Large,
cup-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are
produced above oval, dark green leaves
from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z7-9 H9-7.
H. patulum var. grandiflorum. See
H. kouytchense.

H. reptans. Deciduous, mat-forming
shrub. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Oval,
green leaves turn yellow or bright red in
fall. In summer produces flatfish, golden-
yellow flowers, crimson-flushed outside.

Is suitable for a rock garden. Z7-9 H9-7.

H. rhodoppeum. See H. cerastioides.

H. 'Rowallane', illus. p.206.

Hypocyrta radicans. See Nematanthus
gregarius.

Hypocyrta strigillosa. See Nematanthus
strigillosus.

HYPOESTES

Polka-dot plant

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of mainly evergreen perennials,
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Needs bright light and
well-drained soil. Water often in growing
season, less in winter. Cut back straggly
stems. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer. H. phyllostachya may
be grown as an annual using seed sown in
spring.

H. aristata (Ribbon bush). Evergreen,
bushy perennial or subshrub. H to 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves, to
3in (8cm) long. Small, tubular, deep pink
to purple flowers are produced in terminal
spikes in late winter. Z14-15 H12-10.

H. phyllostachya , syn. H. sanguinolenta,
illus. p.300.

H. sanguinolenta of gardens. See H.
phyllostachya.

HYPOXIS

Starflower

HYPOXIDACEAE ~

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
corms, grown for their flat, star-shaped
flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens.
Requires full sun and light, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

H. angustifolia. Summer-flowering corm.
H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has
slender, hairy, semierect, basal leaves.
Stems each bear 3-7 star-shaped, yellow
flowers. Zll-14 H12-8.

H. capensis, syn. H. stellata, Spiloxene
capensis. Spring-flowering corm with a
basal leaf cluster. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has very slender, narrowly
lance-shaped, erect leaves. Stems each
produce an upward-facing flower with
pointed, white or yellow petals and purple
eye. Z9-10 H10-9.

H. stellata. See H. capensis.

HYPSELA

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of vigorous, creeping perennials,
grown for their flowers and heart-shaped
leaves. Is good as groundcover, especially
in rock gardens. Needs shade and moist
soil. Propagate by division in spring.

H. longiflora. See H. reniformis.

H. reniformis , syn. H. longiflora.
Vigorous, creeping, stemless perennial.

H Win (2cm), S indefinite. Has tiny, heart-
shaped, fleshy leaves and, in spring-
summer, small, star-shaped, pink-and-
white flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

HYSSOPUS

Hyssop

LAB IATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and semievergreen or
deciduous shrubs, grown for their flowers,
which attract bees and butterflies, and for
their aromatic foliage, which has culinary
and medicinal uses. May be grown as a low
hedge. Requires full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Cut back hard or, if grown as
a hedge, trim lightly, in spring. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

H. officinalis , illus. p.157. subsp.
aristatus is a semievergreen or deciduous,
upright, dense shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
(lm). Aromatic, narrowly lance-shaped
leaves are bright green. Densely clustered,
small, 2-lipped, dark blue flowers are
produced from mid-summer to early fall.
Z6-8 H9-2.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

I

IBERIS

Candytuft

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials, evergreen
subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their
flowers and excellent for rock gardens.
Some species are short-lived, flowering
themselves to death. Requires sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring, subshrubs and shrubs by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

I. amara, illus. p.299. 'Giant Hyacinth-

flowered' is a group of fast-growing,
upright, bushy annuals. H 12in (30cm),

S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves and, in summer, flattish heads
of large, scented, 4-petaled flowers in
a variety of colors. Zll H10-1.

I. commutata. See I. sempervirens .

I. saxatilis, illus. p.360.

I. sempervirens , syn. I. commutata, illus.
p.332. 'Schneeflocke'. See I. sempervirens
'Snowflake'. 'Snowflake', syn.

I. sempervirens 'Schneeflocke' is an
evergreen, spreading subshrub. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm). Leaves are
narrowly oblong, glossy and dark green.
Dense, semi-spherical heads of 4-petaled,
white flowers are produced in late spring
and early summer. Trim after flowering.
Z5-9 H9-5.

I. umbellata (Globe candytuft). Fast¬
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Heads of small,

4-petaled, white or pale purple flowers,
sometimes bicolored, are produced in
summer and early fall. H12-1. Fairy
Series, illus. p.304.

IDESIA

FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous,
summer-flowering tree, grown for its
foliage and fruits. Both male and female
plants are required to obtain fruits. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil, preferably neutral to
acidic. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

I. polycarpa , illus. p.75.

ILEX

Holly

AQUIFOLIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and
shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits
Mainly spherical berries, ranging in color
from red through yellow to black, are
produced in fall, following insignificant,
usually white, flowers borne in spring.
Almost all plants are unisexual, and to
obtain fruits on a female plant a male also
needs to be grown. All prefer well-drained
soil. Grow in sun or shade, but deciduous
plants and those with variegated foliage do
best in sun or partial shade. Hollies resent
being transplanted, but respond well to
hard pruning which should be done in late
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings from late summer to

early winter. Holly leaf miners and holly
aphids may cause problems. ® Berries
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
See also feature panel p.94.

/. x altaclerensis . Group of vigorous,
evergreen shrubs and trees. Is resistant to
pollution and coastal exposure. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Balearica' (illus. p.94) is an erect, female
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m). Has green to
olive-green young branches and large,
broadly oval, spiny- or smooth-edged,
glossy, dark green leaves. Freely produces
large, bright red berries. 'Belgica',

H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m), is an erect, dense,
female tree. Young branches are green to
yellowish-green. Has large, lance-shaped
to oblong, spiny- or smooth-edged, glossy,
mid-green leaves. Large, orange-red fruits
are freely produced. 'Belgica Aurea', syn.
I. x altaclerensis 'Silver Sentinel', I. perado
'Aurea' (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m), S 10ft (3m),
is an upright, female tree. Young branches
are green with yellow streaks. Has large,
lance-shaped, mainly spineless, dark green
leaves, mottled with gray-green and
irregularly edged with yellow. Red berries
are produced only rarely. 'Camelliifolia'
(illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m), S 10ft (3m), is a
narrow, pyramidal, female tree with purple
young branches and large, oblong, mainly
smooth-edged, glossy, dark green leaves.
Reliably produces large, scarlet fruits; is an
excellent specimen tree. 'Camelliifolia
Variegata' (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m),

S 10ft (3m), is similar to I. x a. 'Camelliifolia',
but leaves have broad, yellow margins.
'Golden King' (illus. p.94), H 20ft (6m),

S 15ft (5m), is a bushy, female shrub. Young
branches are green with a purplish flush.
Has large, oblong to oval, sometimes
slightly spiny, dark green leaves, splashed
with gray-green in center and with bright
yellow margin that turns to cream on older
leaves. Is not a good fruiter, bearing only a
few reddish-brown berries, but is excellent
as a hedge or a specimen plant.
'Hodginsii', H 46ft (14m), S 30ft (10m), is
a vigorous, dense, male tree. Shoots are
purple; leaves are broadly oval, sparsely
spiny and glossy, blackish-green.
'Lawsoniana', H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is
a bushy, female shrub. Is similar to I. x a.
'Golden King', but has leaves splashed
irregularly in center with gold and lighter
green. Foliage tends to revert to plain
green. 'N.F. Barnes', H 18ft (5.5m),

S 12ft (4m), is a dense, female shrub with
purple shoots, oval, mainly entire but
spine-tipped, glossy, dark green leaves
and red berries. 'Silver Sentinel'. See
I. x altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea'. 'Wilsonii',
H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous,
female tree with purplish-green young
branches and large, oblong to oval, glossy,
mid-green leaves with prominent veins
and large spines. Freely produces large,
scarlet fruits and makes a good hedging
or specimen plant.

I. aquifolium (English holly), illus. p.94.
Evergreen, much-branched, erect shrub or
tree. H 70ft (20m), S 20ft (6m). Has variably
shaped, wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark
green leaves and bright red berries. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Amber', illus. p.92. 'Argentea
Marginata' (illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m),

S 15ft (5m), is a columnar, female tree
with green young branches streaked with
cream. Broadly oval, spiny, dark green
leaves, with wide, cream margins, are

shrimp-pink when young. Bears an
abundance of bright red berries. Is good
for hedging. 'Argentea Marginata
Pendula', H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a
slow-growing, weeping, female tree with
purple young branches and broadly oval,
spiny, dark green leaves, mottled with
gray-green and broadly edged with cream.
Bears red fruits. Is good as a specimen
plant in a small garden. 'Atlas', H 15ft
(5m), S 10ft (3m), is an erect, male shrub
with green young branches and oval,
spiny, glossy, dark green leaves. Is useful
for landscaping and hedging. 'Aurea
Regina'. See I. aquifolium 'Golden Queen'.
'Aurifodina', H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m), is
an erect, dense, female shrub with purplish
young branches. Oval, spiny leaves are
olive-green with golden margins that turn
tawny-yellow in winter. Produces a good
crop of deep scarlet fruits, f. bacciflava.
See I. a. 'Bacciflava'. 'Bacciflava', syn.

I. a. bacciflava (illus. p.94), H 70ft (20m),

S 20ft (6m), is a much-branched, usually
erect shrub or tree with variably shaped,
wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark green
leaves and yellow fruits. 'Crispa
Aureopicta', H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m),
is a male tree of open habit. Narrowly oval,
twisted, sparsely spiny, blackish-green
leaves are centrally blotched with golden-
yellow. Foliage tends to revert to plain
green. 'Ferox' (Hedgehog holly), H 20ft
(6m), S 12ft (4m), is an open, male shrub
with purple young branches and oval, dark
green leaves with spines over the entire
leaf surface. 'Ferox Argentea' (illus. p.94)
is similar to I.a. 'Ferox', but has leaves with
cream margins. 'Flavescens' (Moonlight
holly), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a
columnar, female shrub with purplish-red
young branches. Variably shaped leaves
are dark green, with yellowish flush when
young that will last year-round when
grown in good light. Produces plentiful,
red berries. 'Golden Milkboy' (illus. p.94),
H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male
shrub with purplish-green young branches
and oval, very spiny, bright green leaves
with heavily blotched, bright yellow
centers. Leaves tend to revert to plain
green. 'Golden Queen', syn. I. aquifolium
'Aurea Regina', H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m), is
a dense tree that, despite its name, is male.
Broadly oval, very spiny, mid-green leaves
are edged with golden-yellow. 'Golden
van Tol', H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m), a sport
of I.a. 'J.C. van Tol', is an upright, female
shrub with purple young branches. Oval,
puckered, slightly spiny, dark green leaves
have irregular, clear yellow margins.
Produces a sparse crop of red fruits. Is
good for hedging or as a specimen plant.
'Handsworth New Silver', H 25ft (8m),

S 15ft (5m), is a dense, columnar, female
shrub with purple branches. Oblong to
oval, spiny, dark green leaves have broad,
cream margins. Bears a profusion of bright
red fruits. Is excellent as a hedge or
specimen plant and is good for a small
garden. 'Hascombensis', H 5ft (1.5m),

S 3-4ft (1-1.2m), is a slow-growing, dense
shrub of unknown sex with purplish-green
young branches and small, oval, spiny,
dark green leaves. Does not produce
berries. Is suitable for a rock garden. 'J.C.
van Tol', H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is an
open, female shrub that does not require
cross-fertilization to produce fruits.

ILEX

Branches are dark purple when young.
Oval, puckered, slightly spiny leaves are
dark green. Produces a good crop of red
berries. Is useful as a hedge or for a tub.
'Madame Briot' (illus. p.94), H 30ft (10m),

S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous, bushy, female tree
with purplish-green young branches.

Leaves are large, broadly oval, spiny and
dark green with bright golden borders.
Bears scarlet berries. 'Ovata Aurea',

H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male
shrub with reddish-brown young branches
and oval, regularly spiny, dark green leaves
with bright golden margins. 'Pyramidalis',
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a dense, female
tree that does not require cross-fertilization
to produce fruits. Has green young
branches and narrowly elliptic, slightly
spiny, mid-green leaves. Produces masses of
scarlet fruits. Is suitable for a small garden.
'Pyramidalis Aureomarginata' (illus.
p.94), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is an upright,
female shrub with green young branches
and narrowly elliptic, mid-green leaves
with prominent, golden margins and spines
on upper half. Bears a large crop of red
berries. 'Pyramidalis Fructu Luteo',

H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a conical, female
shrub that broadens with age. Branches
are green when young. Has oval, often
spineless, dark green leaves and bears
yellow berries. Is excellent for a small
garden. 'Scotica', H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m),
is a large, stiff, compact, female shrub with
oval, usually spineless, slightly twisted,
glossy, very dark green leaves and red
fruits. 'Silver King'. See I. aquifolium
'Silver Queen'. 'Silver Milkboy'. See
I. aquifolium 'Silver Milkmaid'. 'Silver
Milkmaid', syn. I. aquifolium 'Silver
Milkboy' (illus. p.94), H 18ft (5.5m), S 12ft
(4m), is a dense, female shrub. Oval, wavy-
edged, very spiny leaves are bronze when
young, maturing to bright green, each
with a central, creamy-white blotch, but
tend to revert to plain green. Produces an
abundance of scarlet berries. Makes an
excellent specimen plant. 'Silver Queen',
syn. I. aquifolium 'Silver King' (illus. p.94),

H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense shrub
that, despite its name, is male. Has purple
young branches. Oval, spiny leaves, pink
when young, mature to very dark green,
almost black, with broad, cream edging.
'Watereriana', syn. I. aquifolium
'Waterer's Gold', H and S 15ft (5m), is
a dense, male bush with green young
branches streaked yellow. Oval, spiny- or
smooth-edged, grayish-green leaves have
broad, golden margins. Is best grown as a
specimen plant. 'Waterer's Gold'. See
I. aquifolium 'Watereriana'.

I. x aquipernyi. Evergreen, upright shrub.
H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has small, oval,
spiny, glossy, dark green leaves with long
tips. Berries are large and red. Z6-8 H8-6.

I. chinensis. See I. purpurea .

I. ciliospinosa. Evergreen, upright shrub
or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has small,
oval, weak-spined, dull green leaves and
red berries. Z6-9 H9-6.

I. cornuta (Chinese holly). Evergreen,
dense, rounded shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft
(5m). Rectangular, dull green leaves are
spiny except on older bushes. Produces
large, red berries. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Burfordii',
S 8ft (2.5m), is female, has glossy leaves
with only a terminal spine and bears a
profusion of fruits. Z6-9 H9-1. 'Rotunda',

I

605

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ILEX

H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), is also female and
produces a small crop of fruits; is useful for
a tub or small garden.

I. crenata (Japanese holly). Evergreen,
spreading shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft
(3m). Has very small, oval, dark green
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy,
black fruits. Is useful for landscaping or
as hedging. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Bullata'. See
I. crenata 'Convexa'. 'Convexa', syn. I.
crenata 'Bullata' (illus. p.94), H 8ft (2.5m),

S 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), is a dense, female shrub
with purplish-green young branches and
oval, puckered, glossy leaves. Bears glossy,
black fruits. 'Helleri', H 4ft (1.2m), S 3-4ft
(1-1.2m), is a spreading, female shrub with
green young branches, oval leaves with
few spines and glossy, black fruits. Is much
used for landscaping, f. latifolia, syn. I.
crenata 'Latifolia', H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m),
is a spreading to erect, female shrub or tree
with green young branches and broadly
oval leaves with tiny teeth. Produces glossy,
black berries. 'Latifolia'. See I. crenata
f. latifolia. var. paludosa, H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S indefinite, is a prostrate shrub
or tree with very small, oval, dark green
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy,
black fruits. 'Variegata', H 12ft (4m),

S 8ft (2.5m), is an open, male shrub. Oval
leaves are spotted or blotched with yellow,
but tend to revert to plain green.

I. dipyrena (Himalayan holly). Evergreen,
dense, upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft
(8m). Elliptic, dull green leaves are spiny
when young, later smooth-edged. Bears
large, red fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. fargesii. Evergreen, broadly conical
tree or shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).

Has green or purple shoots and oval,
small-toothed, mid- to dark green leaves.
Produces red berries. Z6-9 H9-6. var.
brevifolia, H 12ft (4m), is dense
and rounded.

I. georgei. Evergreen, compact shrub.

H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Has small, lance¬
shaped or oval, weak-spined, glossy, dark
green leaves with long tips. Berries are red.
Z5-8 H8-5.

I. glabra (Inkberry). Evergreen, dense,
upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).

Small, oblong to oval, dark green leaves are
smooth-edged or may have slight teeth
near tips. Produces black fruits. Z5-9 H9-3.
I. insignis. See I. kingiana .

I. integra. Evergreen, dense, bushy
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has
oval, blunt-tipped, bright green leaves
with smooth edges. Bears large, deep red
berries. Z7-11 H10-7.

I. 'Jermyns Dwarf'. See I. pernyi
'Jermyns Dwarf'.

I. kingiana, syn. I. insignis. Evergreen,
upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Very
large, oblong, leathery, dark green leaves
have small spines. Berries are bright red.
Z7-9 H9-7.

606

I. x koehneana. Evergreen, conical shrub.
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Young branches are
green. Has very large, oblong, spiny, mid¬
green leaves and red fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Chestnut Leaf' (illus. p.94) has elliptic,
regularly spined, yellow-green leaves
reminiscent of sweet chestnut.

I. latifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Half hardy. Has
sturdy, olive-green young branches, very
large, oblong, dark green leaves with short
spines and plentiful, red fruits. Z7-9 H9-6.

I. macrocarpa. Deciduous, upright tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, oval,
saw-toothed, mid-green leaves and very
large, black berries. Z7-9 H9-7.

/. x meserveae (Blue holly). Group of
vigorous, evergreen, dense shrubs. Does
not thrive in a maritime climate. Has oval,
glossy, greenish-blue leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.
Blue Princess ('Conapri'), illus. p.94,

H 10ft (3m), S 4ft (1.2m), is female and has
purplish-green young branches, small,
oval, wavy, spiny leaves and an abundance
of red fruits.

I. opaca (American holly). Evergreen,
erect tree. H 46ft (14m), S 4ft (1.2m). Does
not thrive in a maritime climate. Oval
leaves are dull green above, yellow-green
beneath and spiny- or smooth-edged. Has
red fruits. Z5-9 H9-5.

I. pedunculosa (Longstalk holly).
Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H 30ft
(10m), S 20ft (6m). Oval, dark green leaves
are smooth-edged. Bright red berries are
borne on very long stalks. Z6-9 H9-6.

I. perado 'Aurea'. See I. x altaclerensis
'Belgica Aurea'.

1. pernyi, illus. p.94. Slow-growing,
evergreen, stiff shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft
(4m). Has pale green young branches and
small, oblong, spiny, dark green leaves.
Produces red berries. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Jermyns
Dwarf', syn. I. 'Jermyns Dwarf', H 2ft
(60cm), S 4ft (1.2m), is low-growing and
female, with glossy, very spiny leaves.

1. purpurea, syn. I. chinensis. Evergreen,
upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m).

Oval, thin-textured, glossy, dark green
leaves have rounded teeth. Lavender
flowers are followed by egg-shaped,
glossy, scarlet fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

1. serrata (Japanese winterberry).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 12ft (4m),

S 8ft (2.5m). Small, oval, finely toothed,
bright green leaves are downy when
young. Pink flowers are followed by small,
red fruits. Z5-7 H7-5. f. leucocarpa
bears white berries.

I. verticillata (Winterberry), illus. p.94.
Deciduous, dense, suckering shrub. H 6ft
(2m), S 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m). Young branches
are purplish-green. Produces oval or lance¬
shaped, saw-toothed, bright green leaves.
Bears masses of long-lasting, red berries
that remain on bare branches in winter.
Z5-8 H8-5.

I. yunnanensis. Evergreen, spreading
to erect shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m).
Branches are downy. Small, oval leaves,
with rounded teeth, are brownish-green
when young, glossy, dark green in
maturity. Produces red berries. Z5-8
H8-5.

ILLICIUM

ILLICIACEAE/SCHISANDRACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring- to early
summer-flowering trees and shrubs, grown
for their foliage and unusual flowers. Does
best in partial or full shade and moist,
neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

I. anisatum (Chinese anise). Slow-
growing, evergreen, conical tree or shrub.

H and S 20ft (6m). Produces oval, aromatic,
glossy, dark green leaves. Star-shaped,
greenish-yellow flowers, with numerous
narrow petals, are borne in mid-spring.
Z7-9 H9-7.

/. floridanum (Purple anise). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Lance¬
shaped, leathery, deep green leaves are
very aromatic. Star-shaped, red or
purplish-red flowers, with numerous,
narrow petals, are produced in late spring
and early summer. Z7-9 H9-4.

IMPATIENS

Balsam, Busy Lizzie

BALSAMINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and mainly evergreen
perennials and subshrubs, often with
succulent but brittle stems. In cold
climates, some may be herbaceous. Prefers
sun or partial shade and moist but not
waterlogged soil. Propagate by seed or by
stem cuttings in spring or summer. Red
spider mite, aphids and whitefly may cause
problems under glass.

I. balsamina, illus. p.300. 'Blackberry
Ice' is a fast-growing, upright, bushy
annual. H 28in (70cm), S 18in (45cm).

Half hardy. Has lance-shaped, pale
green leaves and, in summer and early fall,
large, double, purple flowers, splashed
with white. H12-1. Tom Thumb Series,

H to 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm), is a dwarf,
sparsely branched, slightly hairy annual
with toothed leaves. From summer to early
fall produces double, pink, scarlet, violet or
white flowers. H12-1.

I. Expo Series 'Expo Pink', illus. p.307.

/. Fusion Series Fusion Peach Frost
('Balfuspeafro'), illus. p.325.

I. New Guinea Group 'Mimas'.
Subshrubby hybrid perennial, grown
as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 14-16in
(35-40cm). Opposite or whorled, toothed,
mid-green leaves often have central
yellowish-green marks. Bears large, red
open-faced flowers in spring-fall. Z9-15
H7-1.

J. niamniamensis. Evergreen, bushy
perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm).

Has reddish-green stems and oval, toothed
leaves. Showy, 5-petaled, hooded,
yellowish-green flowers, each with a long,
orange, red, crimson or purple spur, are
produced in summer-fall. Z13-15 HI2-1.
'Congo Cockatoo' has red, green and
yellow flowers.

I. oliveri. See I. sodenii .

I. repens, illus. p.476.

I. sodenii, syn. I. oliveri. Evergreen,
strong-growing, bushy perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly
oval, toothed leaves are in whorls of 4-10.
Almost flat, white or pale pink to mauve
flowers are produced mainly in summer.

Z10-15 H12-1.

/. Sunpatiens Series Sunpatiens
Compact Orange ('SakimpOU'), illus.
p.325.

I. tinctoria, illus. p.216.

I. walleriana (Busy lizzie. Patience plant).
Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial,
usually grown as an annual. H and S to 2ft
(60cm). Has oval, fresh green leaves.
Flatfish, 5-petaled, spurred, bright red,
pink, purple, violet or white flowers are
produced in spring- fall. Z10-15 H12-1.
Accent Series 'Accent Pink', H 8-10in
(20-25cm), S 10-12in (25-30cm), is compact
and has blush-pink flowers, with dark
centers, in summer-fall. Hates drought.
Confection Series, H and S 8-12in
(20-30cm) have fresh green leaves and

small, double or semidouble flowers, in
shades of red or pink. Fiesta Series
'Fiesta Apple Blossom', H 10-16in
(25-40cm), S 10-14in (25- 35cm), is a
mound-forming, well branched and
prolific. Produces fully double, dark-
centered, blush-pink flowers in summer-
fall. Is good in a hanging basket or other
container or in a border. Hates drought.
Masquerade ('Tuckmas'), illus. p.307.
Super Ellin Series, H and S 8in (20cm),
has flowers in mixed colors. Swirl Series
plants, H 6-8in (15-20cm), S to 24in (60cm),
have light green to red-flushed stems and
leaves. In summer bear pink- and-orange
flowers margined in rose-red. Tempo
Series, H to 9in (23cm), include shades
of violet, orange, pink and red, as well
as bicolors and picotees.

IMPERATA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

I. cylindrica 'Rubra', illus. p.285.

INCARVILLEA

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering
perennials, suitable for rock gardens and
borders. Protect crowns with straw or
compost in winter. Requires sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
or spring.

I. delavayi, illus. p.265.

I. mairei, illus. p.265.

INDIGOFERA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs,
grown for their foliage and small, pealike
flowers. Cold weather often cuts plants to
ground, but they usually regrow from the
base in spring. Needs full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Cut out dead wood in
spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

I. decora. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H lVzft
(45cm), S 3ft (lm). Glossy, dark green leaves
each have 7-13 oval leaflets. Long spikes of
pink or white flowers are borne from mid-
to late summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. dielsiana, illus. p.152.

I. gerardiana. See I. heterantha .

I. heterantha, syn. I. gerardiana, illus.
p.133.

I. pseudotinctoria. Deciduous, arching
shrub. H 3ft (lm) or more, S 6ft (2m). Each
dark green leaf has usually 7-9 oval leaflets.
Long, dense racemes of small, pale pink
flowers are borne in mid-summer to early
fall. Z7-9 H9-7.

INULA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, clump¬
forming, sometimes rhizomatous
perennials. Most need sun and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring or fall.

I. acaulis. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves.
Solitary, almost stemless, daisylike, golden-
yellow flower heads are produced in

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

IRIS

summer. Is good for a rock garden. Z4-9
H8-1.

I. ensifolia, illus. p.277.

I. hookeri, illus. p.243.

I. macrocephala. See I. royleana.

I. magnifica, illus. p.219.

I. oculis-christi. Spreading, rhizomatous
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
Stems each bear 2 or 3 daisylike, yellow
flower heads in summer. Has lance-shaped
to elliptic, hairy, mid-green leaves. Z4-8
H8-4.

I. royleana, syn. I. macrocephala , illus.
p.277.

IOCHROMA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen and
deciduous shrubs and small trees, grown
for their flowers. Needs full light or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Tip-prune
young plants to stimulate a bushy habit.

Cut back flowered stems by half in late
winter. Propagate by greenwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
and red spider mite are sometimes
troublesome.

I. australe, syn. Acnistus australis,
illus. p.138.

I. cyaneum, syn. I. tubulosum, illus. p.457.
I. tubulosum. Seel, cyaneum .

IONOPSIDIUM

CRUC1FERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of annuals. Only one species is
usually cultivated, for rock gardens and
as edging. Needs partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
sown outdoors in spring, early summer
or early fall.

I. acaule (Violet cress). Fast-growing,
upright annual. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S lin
(2.5cm). Rounded leaves are mid-green.
Tiny, 4-petaled, lilac or white flowers,
flushed with deep blue, are produced
in summer and early fall. H8-1.

IPHEION

LILIACEAE/ALUACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their freely
produced, star-shaped, blue, white or yellow
flowers in spring. Makes excellent container
plants in cold greenhouses. Prefers a
sheltered situation in dappled sunlight
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall; after
flowering, dies down for summer. Propagate
by offsets in late summer or early fall.

I. uniflorum (Spring starflower). 'Froyle
Mill', illus. p.419. 'Wisley Blue' is a spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Bears linear, semierect, pale green,
basal leaves, which smell of onions if
damaged. Leafless stems each produce an
upward-facing, pale blue flower, VA -IV 2 in
(3-4cm) across. Z6-9 H9-6.

IPOMOEA

syn. MINA, PHARBITIS

Morning glory

CONVOLVULACEAE

Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs,

perennials, annuals and soft- or woody-

stemmed, twining climbers. Needs full light

and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, less at other times.
Support is needed. Thin out or cut back
congested growth in spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer. Whitefly and red
spider mite may cause problems. 0 Seeds
are highly toxic if ingested.

I. acuminata. See I. indica .

I. alba, syn. I. hona-nox, Calonyction
aculeatum (Belle de nuit, Moonflower).
Evergreen, soft-stemmed, twining climber
with prickly stems that exude milky juice
when cut. H 22ft (7m) or more. Has oval
or sometimes 3-lobed leaves. Fragrant,
tubular, white flowers, with expanded
mouths, open at night in summer. Z12-15
H12-10.

I. batatas (Sweet potato). 'Blackie',
illus. p.311. 'Margarita', illus. p.318.

I. bona-nox. See I. alba .

I. coccinea, syn. Quamoclit coccinea
(Red morning glory. Star morning glory).
Annual, twining climber. H to 10ft (3m).
Arrow- or heart-shaped leaves are long-
pointed and often toothed. Fragrant,
tubular, scarlet flowers, with yellow
throats and expanded mouths, are
produced in late summer and fall. H12-1.

I. hederacea, illus. p.204.

/. horsfalliae. Strong-growing,
evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Leaves have 5-7
radiating lobes or leaflets; stalked clusters
of funnel-shaped, deep rose-pink or rose-
purple flowers are borne in summer-
winter. Z13-15 H12-6. The flowers of
'Briggsii' are larger and more richly
colored than those of the species.

I. imperialis. See I. nil.

I. indica, syn. I. acuminata, I. learii,
illus. p.462.

I. learii. See I. indica .

I. lobata, syn. I. versicolor, Quamoclit
lobata, illus. p.202.

I. x mult Hid a, syn. I. x sloteri (Cardinal
climber). Annual, twining climber. H 10ft
(3m). Triangular-oval leaves are divided
into 7-15 segments. Tubular, wide¬
mouthed, crimson flowers, with white
eyes, are produced in summer. H12-1.

I. nil, syn. I. imperialis. 'Early Call' is
a short-lived, soft-stemmed, perennial,
twining climber with hairy stems, best
grown as an annual. H to 12ft (4m). Leaves
are heart-shaped or 3-lobed. From summer
to early fall bears large, funnel-shaped
flowers in a range of colors, with white
tubes. H12-1. 'Scarlett O'Hara' has
deep red flowers.

I. purpurea, syn. Convolvulus purpureus
(Common morning glory). Short-lived,
soft-stemmed, perennial, twining climber,
best grown as an annual. H to 15ft (5m).

Has hairy stems and heart-shaped or
3-lobed leaves. From summer to early fall
bears funnel-shaped, deep purple to bluish-
purple or reddish flowers, with white
throats and bristly sepals. H12-1.

I. quamoclit, syn. Quamoclit pennata,
illus. p.202.

I. rubrocaerulea 'Heavenly Blue'. See

I. tricolor 'Heavenly Blue'.

I. x sloteri. See I. x multifida.

I. tricolor 'Heavenly Blue', syn.

I. rubrocaerulea 'Heavenly Blue', illus. p.205.
I. tuberosa. See Merremia tuberosa.

I. versicolor. See I. lobata.

IPOMOPSIS

POLEMONIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and biennials, often
grown as container plants for greenhouses
and conservatories. Needs cool, airy
conditions with bright light and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in early spring or early
summer.

I. aggregata. Slow-growing biennial with
upright, slender, hairy stems. H to 3ft (lm),

S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves are divided
into linear leaflets. Fragrant, trumpet¬
shaped flowers, borne in summer, are
usually brilliant red, sometimes spotted
yellow, but may be rose, yellow or white.
Z6-9 H9-6.

IRESINE

AMARANTHACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for
their colorful leaves. Requires bright light
to retain leaf color and a good-quality,
loamy, well-drained soil. Pinch out tips in
growing season to obtain bushy plants.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring.

I. herbstii (Beefsteak plant). Bushy
perennial. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Has red stems and rounded, purplish-red
leaves, notched at their tips and 4in (10cm)
long, with paler or yellowish-red veins.
Flowers are insignificant. Zll-12 H12-1.
'Aureoreticulata', illus. p.319.

I. lindenii (Blood leaf). Bushy perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance¬
shaped, dark red leaves, 2-4in (5-10cm) long.
Flowers are insignificant. Zll-12 H12-1.

IRIS

1RIDACEAE

Genus of upright, rhizomatous or bulbous
(occasionally fleshy-rooted) perennials,
some of which are evergreen, grown for
their distinctive and colorful flowers. Each
flower has 3 usually large "falls" (pendent or
semi-pendent petals), which in a number of
species have conspicuous beards or crests;

3 generally smaller "standards" (erect,
horizontal or, occasionally, pendent petals);
and a 3-branched style. In many irises, the
style branches are petal-like. Unless
otherwise stated below, flower stems are
unbranched. Green, then brown seed pods
are ellipsoid to cylindrical and often ribbed.
Irises are suitable for borders, rock gardens,
woodlands, watersides, bog gardens, alpine
houses, cold frames and containers. Some
groups thrive only in the specific growing
conditions mentioned below. Propagate
species by division of rhizomes or offsets
in late summer or by seed in fall, named
cultivars by division only.

Botanically, irises are divided into
a number of sub-genera and sections,
and it is convenient, for horticultural
purposes, to use some of these botanical
names for groups of irises with similar
characteristics and requiring comparable
cultural treatment. 0 All parts may cause
severe discomfort if ingested; contact
with the sap may irritate skin. See also
feature panel pp.224-25.

Rhizomatous These irises have rhizomes
as rootstocks; leaves are sword-shaped and
usually in a basal fan.

Bearded irises are rhizomatous and have
"beards," consisting of numerous often
colored hairs, along the center of each
fall. In some irises, the end of the beard
is enlarged into the shape of a horn. The
group covers the vast majority of irises,
including many named cultivars, grown
in gardens; all are derived from I. pallida
and related species. Bearded irises thrive
in full sun in fairly rich, well-drained,
preferably slightly alkaline soil. Some are
very tolerant and will grow and flower
reasonably in partial shade in poorer soil.
For horticultural purposes, various
groupings of hybrid bearded irises are
recognized, based mainly on the height
of the plants in flower. These include
Miniature Dwarf, H to 8in (20cm);
Standard Dwarf, H 8-16in (20-40cm);
Intermediate, H 16-28in (40-70cm);
and Tall, H 28in (70cm) or more (this
last category may be further subdivided).
In general, the shorter the iris, the earlier
the flowering season (from early spring
to early summer). Oncocyclus irises are
rhizomatous, with very large and often
bizarrely colored flowers, one to each
stem, which have bearded falls. They
require full sun, sharply drained but
fairly rich soil and, after flowering, a dry
period of dormancy in summer and early
fall. Difficult to cultivate successfully,
they are best grown in an alpine house
or covered frame in climates subject to
summer rains.

Regelia irises are closely related to
Oncocyclus irises, differing in having
bearded standards as well as falls and
in having 2 flowers to each stem. They
require similar conditions of cultivation,
although a few species, such as I. hoogiana,
have proved easier to grow than
Oncocyclus irises. Hybrids between the
2 groups have been raised and are known
as Regeliocyclus irises.

Beardless irises, also rhizomatous, lack
hairs on the falls; most have very similar
cultural requirements to bearded irises
but some prefer heavier soil. Various
groupings are recognized, of which the
following are the most widely known.
Pacific Coast irises, a group of
Californian species and their hybrids,
prefer acidic to neutral soil and grow well
in sun or partial shade, appreciating some
humus in the soil; they are best grown from
seed as they resent being moved. Spuria
irises {I. spuria and its relatives) grow in
sun or partial shade and well-drained
but moist soil. A number of species and
hybrids prefers moist, waterside
conditions; these include the well-known
Siberian irises [I. sibirica and its relatives)
and the Japanese water irises, such as
I. ensata and I. laevigata, which may also
be grown as border plants, but succeed
best in open, sunny, rich, moist positions.
Crested irises, also rhizomatous, have
ridges, or cockscomb-like crests, instead
of beards. They include the Evansia irises,
with often widely spreading, creeping
stolons. Most have very similar cultivation
requirements to bearded irises but some
prefer damp, rich conditions.

Bulbous These irises are distinguished by
having bulbs as storage organs, sometimes
with thickened, fleshy roots, and leaves that
are lance-shaped and channeled; 4-sided

607

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

IRIS

(more or less square in cross section); or
almost cylindrical—unlike the flat and
usually sword-shaped leaves of the
rhizomatous irises. Xiphium irises include
the commonly grown Spanish, English and
Dutch irises, which are excellent both for
garden decoration and as cut flowers. All
are easy to cultivate in sunny, well-drained
sites, preferring slightly alkaline conditions,
but also growing well on acidic soil.
Spanish irises are derived from I. xiphium,
which is variable in flower color, from blue
and violet to yellow and white, and
produces its channeled leaves in fall.
English irises have been produced from
I. latifolia, which varies from blue to violet
(occasionally white) and produces its
channeled leaves in spring. Dutch irises
are hybrids of I. xiphium and the related
pale to deep blue I. latifolia. They are
extremely variable in flower color. Juno
irises have bulbs with thickened, fleshy
roots, channeled leaves and very small
standards that are sometimes only bristly
and usually horizontally placed. Although
very beautiful in flower, they are mostly
difficult to grow successfully, requiring the
same cultivation conditions as Oncocyclus
irises to thrive. Care must be taken not
to damage the fleshy roots when
transplanting or dividing clumps.

Reticulata irises include the dwarf,
bulbous irises valuable for flowering early
in the year. Unlike other bulbous irises,
they have netlike bulb tunics and leaves
that are 4-sided, or occasionally cylindrical.
With few exceptions (not described here).
Reticulata irises grow well in open, sunny,
well-drained sites.

I. 'About Town'. Vigorous, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 39in (lm), S indefinite.
Very frilly flowers with soft mauve-lilac
standards and deep violet falls, edged with
soft mauve-lilac, are borne from early to
mid-summer. Beards are orange. Zll-13
H12-1.

608

I. acutiloba. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus iris.
H 3-10in (8-25cm), S 12-15in (30-38cm).

Has narrowly sickle-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In late spring produces solitary,
strongly purple-violet- or brownish-purple-
veined, white flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across,
with a dark brown blaze around the beard
of each fall. Z13-15 H12-1.

I. 'Alida'. Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S IV 2 - 2 V 2 UI (4-6cm). In early
spring bears a solitary, fragrant, long-
tubed, light blue flower, lV2-2V2in (4-6cm)
wide, with a yellow ridge down each fall
center. Z13-15 H12-1.

I. 'Alizes'. Vigorous, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm), S
indefinite. In summer, large, frilly white
flowers are produced with violet-blue
falls that pale to white in center of petals.
Beards are yellow. Z13-15 H12-1.

I. 'Amethyst Dancer'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite.
Scented flowers with peach-buff standards,
crinkled around edges, are produced in
summer. Wine-purple falls are faded around
edges, and white veins sit around orange-
tipped beards. Z13-15 H12-1.

I. 'Annabel Jane'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 4ft
(1.2m), S indefinite. In summer, well-
branched stem bears 8-12 flowers, 6-10in
(15-25cm) across, with pale lilac falls and
paler standards. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Anniversary'. Rhizomatous, beardless
Siberian iris. H 2V2ft (75cm), S indefinite.

In mid- and late spring bears 1-4 white
flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm) across, with a
yellow stripe in throat of each fall. Grows
well in moist soil or a bog garden. Z4-9
H9-1.

I. aphylla. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S indefinite. Branched
stem produces up to 5 pale to dark purple
or blue-violet flowers, 2V2-3in (6-7cm)
across, in late spring and sometimes again
in fall if conditions are suitable. Z3-9 H9-1.
I. aucheri. Bulbous Juno iris. H 6-10in
(15-25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has channeled,
mid-green leaves packed closely together
on stem, looking somewhat leek-like. In late
spring bears up to 6 blue to white flowers,
2V2-3in (6-7cm) across, with yellow-ridged
falls, in leaf axils. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. aurea. See I. crocea .

I. 'Autumn Circus', illus. p.224. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in
(80cm), S indefinite. Well-branched stems
bear scented, gently ruffled, white flowers,
with violet-blue margins and violet-blue
feathering and penciling on standards and
falls, in late spring. Often blooms again in
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Autumn Leaves'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in
(80cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring produces
branched sprays of sweetly scented,
caramel-colored flowers, a blend of brown
and purple, with orange-yellow beards.
Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Badlands'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. In early
to mid-summer, branched stem produces
large, ruffled, black, well-proportioned
flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. bakeriana. Bulbous Reticulata iris.

H 4in (10cm), S 2-2V2in (5-6cm). In early
spring bears a solitary, long-tubed,
pale blue flower, 2-272in (5-6cm) across,
with each fall having a dark blue blotch
at tip and a spotted, deep blue center. Has
narrow, almost cylindrical leaves that are
very short at flowering time but elongate
later. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Ballyhoo'. Robust, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36-39in (90-100cm),

S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces
large blooms with ruffled, lemon-white
standards and veined, rosy-purple falls
with yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3-9
H9-1.

I. 'Banbury Beauty'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm),

S indefinite. In late spring and early
summer, branched stem produces 2-10
light lavender flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, with purple zone on each fall.

Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Berlin Tiger', illus. p.225.

Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.

H 4ft (1.2m), S indefinite. In early summer,
branched stems bear 3-5 small, dark yellow
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, strongly netted
with deep brownish-purple veins. Grow
in rich, moist soil. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Bibury'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in (30cm),

S indefinite. Has 2-4 cream flowers,

4in (10cm) wide, on a branched stem in
late spring. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Blenheim Royal'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Produces lightly scented.

ruffled, rich blue flowers in summer.
Z3-9H9-1.

I. 'Blue Eyed Brunette'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.
Well-branched stem produces 7-10 brown
flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) wide, with blue
blaze and golden beard on each fall, in
early summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Blue Notes Blue'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. Scented, ruffled, mid-blue
flowers, paler around edges, are produced
in summer. White beards are tipped with
orange toward back. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Blue Rhythm', illus. p.225. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3V2ft
(1.1m), S indefinite. In early and mid¬
summer produces lemon-scented, well-
formed, violet-blue flowers, the veins on
standards slightly paler than those on the
broad falls, with their yellow-tipped, white
beards. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Bold Print', illus. p.224. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm),

S indefinite. In late spring or early summer,
branched stem bears up to 6 flowers,

5in (13cm) wide, with purple-edged, white
standards and white falls that are each
purple-stitched at edge and have bronze-
tipped, white beard. Z3-9 H9-1.

J. 'Bronze Queen'. Bulbous Xiphium iris
(Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). In
spring and early summer produces 1 or 2
golden-brown flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
wide, flushed bronze and purple. Lance¬
shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves are
scattered up flower stem. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Brown Lasso'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm),

S indefinite. In early summer, sturdy, well-
branched stem bears 6-10 flowers, 4-5in
(10-13cm) across, with deep butterscotch
standards and brown-edged, light violet
falls. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. bucharica, illus. p.224. Vigorous,
bulbous Juno iris. H 8-16in (20-40cm),

S 5in (12cm). In late spring produces 2-6
flowers, 272in (6cm) across, golden-yellow
to white with yellow falls, from leaf axils.
Has narrowly lance-shaped, channeled,
glossy, mid-green leaves scattered up
flower stem. Is easier to grow than most
Juno irises. Z5-9 H9-5.

I. 'Bumblebee Deelite', illus. p.225.
Rhizomatous, bearded iris (Miniature Tall).
H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In late spring
and early summer has flowers with yellow
standards, yellow-margined, maroon falls
and orange beards. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Butter and Sugar', illus. p.227.

I. 'Carnaby', illus. p.225. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H to 3ft (lm), S
indefinite. Well-branched stem bears 6-8
flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm) wide, with pale
pink standards and deep rose-pink falls
with orange beards, in early summer.
Z4-9H9-1.

I. chamaeiris. See I. lutescens .

1. 'Champagne Elegance', illus. p.224.
Vigorous, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall).

H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In early to mid¬
spring and again in summer produces
scented, strongly ruffled flowers, with
pink-washed, white standards and flaring,
apricot-pink falls with darker veining
and pale orange beards. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Change of Pace'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in
(90cm), S indefinite. Large, scented flowers

are produced from early to late spring,
the ruffled, veined, delicate pink standards
contrasting with the brilliant white falls,
which are broadly margined and flecked
deep rosy-violet. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Chasing Rainbows'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm),

S indefinite. In summer produces strongly
scented flowers with buff-peach standards,
flushed with lilac. Falls are pale violet,
fading to buff-peach at edges, with orange
beards. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Chief Moses'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. From
early to mid-summer produces large,
scented, ruffled, brown flowers, with falls
flushed with yellow, and orange beards.
Z4-9 H9-1.

I. chrysographes , illus. p.225.
Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.

H 16in (40cm), S indefinite. From late spring
to early summer, branched stem bears 1-4
deep red-purple or purple-black flowers,
2-4in (5-10cm) across, with gold etching
down falls. Prefers a moist site. Z3-9 H9-1.
I. 'Clairette', syn. I. reticulata 'Clairette'.
Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S l72-272in (4-6cm). In early spring bears
a solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, pale blue
flower, l72-272in (4-6cm) wide, with white-
flecked, deep violet falls. Narrow, squared
leaves elongate after flowering time. Z5-9
H8-4.

I. clarkei. Rhizomatous, beardless
Siberian iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite. From
late spring to early summer, solid stem
produces 2-3 branches each with 2 blue to
red-purple flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm) across,
with violet-veined, white blaze on each fall.
Prefers moist conditions. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. colchica. See I. graminea.

I. confusa , illus. p.224. Evergreen or
semievergreen, rhizomatous Crested iris.

H 3ft (lm) or more, S indefinite. Bamboo¬
like, erect stem is crowned by a fan of
broad leaves. In mid-spring, widely
branched flower stem produces a long
succession of up to 30 short-lived, white
flowers, l72-2in (4-5cm) across, with
yellow or purple spots around yellow
crests. Prefers well-drained soil and
protection of south-facing wall. Z4-10
HI 1-9.

I. 'Conjuration'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
summer bears 6-11 flowers with standards
that are white at margins, suffusing inward
to pale violet-blue, and white
falls suffusing to deep amethyst-violet at
margins. White horned beard is yellow-
tipped. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. cretensis. See I. unguicularis subsp.
cretensis.

I. cristata , illus. p.224. Evansia iris with
much-branched rhizomes. H 4in (10cm),

S indefinite. Has neat fans of lance-shaped
leaves. In early summer produces 1 or 2
virtually stemless, long-tubed, lilac, blue,
lavender or white flowers, 174-I72in
(3-4cm) across, with white patch and
orange crest on each fall. Prefers partial
shade and moist soil; is ideal for a peat
bank. Z4-10 H10-1.

I. crocea , syn. I. aurea. Rhizomatous,
beardless Spuria iris. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m),

S indefinite. Has long leaves. Strong,
erect, sparsely branched stem produces
terminal clusters of 2-10 golden-yellow
flowers, 5-7in (12-18cm) across, with wavy-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

margined falls, in early summer. Resents
being disturbed. Z5-8 H8-4.

Z. cuprea. See I. fulva.

I. 'Custom Design'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Spuria iris. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem
produces 2-10 deep maroon-brown
flowers, 2-5in (5-12cm) wide, with heavily
veined, bright yellow blaze on each fall,
from early to mid-summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

I. danfordiae. Bulbous Reticulata iris.

H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 2in (5cm). In early
spring bears usually solitary, yellow flower,
lV4-2in (3-5cm) across, with green spots
on each fall. Standards are reduced to short
bristles. Narrow, squared leaves are very
short at flowering time but elongate later.
Tends to produce masses of small bulblets
and requires deeper planting than other
Reticulata irises to maintain bulbs at
flowering size. Z5-8 H8-4.

Z. 'Deep Black', illus. p.224. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm),

S indefinite. In early summer, branched
stem produces unruffled flowers,

3-4in (7-10cm) across, with deep purple
standards and dark indigo falls, each
with orange-tipped beard. Z5-8 H8-4.

Z. 'Desert Song'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In
summer produces pale yellow flowers with
slightly crinkled petals and long, white flash
in front of bright yellow beards. Z5-8 H8-4.
Z. domestica. See Belamcanda chinensis.

I. douglasiana. Evergreen, rhizomatous,
beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 10-28in
(25-70cm), S indefinite. Leathery, dark
green leaves are stained red-purple at
base. Branched stem produces 1-3
lavender to purple, occasionally white,
flowers, 3-5in (7-12cm) wide, with variable,
central, yellowish zones on falls, in late
spring and early summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

Z. 'Dreaming Spires'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. From late spring to early
summer, branched stem produces 1-4
flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm) wide, with lavender
standards and royal-blue falls. Prefers
moist soil. Z5-9 H9-5.

Z. 'Dreaming Yellow', illus. p.224.
Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. From late spring to
early summer, branched stem produces 1-4
flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm) across. Standards
are white; falls creamy-yellow fading to
white with age. Prefers moist soil. Z4-9
H9-1.

Z. 'Early Light'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem bears 8-10
ruffled, white flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm)
wide, heavily flushed lemon-yellow on
standards; yellow-veined falls have broad
margins flushed slightly deeper lemon-
yellow and yellow beard. Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Electric Rays'. Strong-growing,
rhizomatous Japanese iris. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Ruffled, double, rich violet
flowers, with white and intense, deep blue
veining, are borne freely in early summer.
Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Elmohr'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early summer,
well-branched stem produces 2-5 strongly
veined, red-purple flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm)
across. Z7-9 H9-7.

Z. 'English Charm'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm),

S indefinite. Gently ruffled flowers with
cream standards, heavily veined with soft
apricot-yellow, are borne in summer.

Soft apricot falls are paler along edges;
beards are reddish-orange. Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'English Cottage', illus. p.224. Robust,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36-39in
(90-100cm), S indefinite. In mid- to late
spring and again in summer or early fall
produces large, white flowers with margins
of both standards and falls washed pale
blue-violet. Has deeper veining at base of
falls and yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3-9
H9-1.

I. ensata, syn. I. kaempferi, illus. p.464.
Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.

H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S indefinite. Branched
stem produces 3-15 purple or red-purple
flowers, 3-6in (8-15cm) across, with yellow
blaze on each fall, from early to mid¬
summer. May be distinguished from the
related, smooth-leaved I. laevigata by the
prominent midrib on leaves. Has produced
many hundreds of garden forms, some
with double flowers, in shades of purple,
pink, lavender and white, sometimes
bicolored. Prefers partial shade and thrives
in a water or bog garden. 'Caprician
Butterfly', H 36in (90cm), has dark purple
standards with fringed, white margins;
falls are white with dark purple veins and
gold patches. 'Galathea', syn. I. 'Galatea',
H 32in (80cm), has blue-purple flowers
with yellow blaze on each fall. 'Moonlight
Waves' (illus. p.224), H 36in (90cm), is
strong-growing and produces large,
open, spreading, white flowers, with lime-
green blazes at base of each petal. 'Rose
Queen', syn. I. laevigata 'Rose Queen'
(illus. p.224), H 36-39in (90-100cm), is
strong-growing and produces large, soft
pink flowers, with deeper pink veining
and yellow blaze at base of each fall.
'Variegata', H 30in (75cm), has narrow
foliage, brightly edged in white.

I. extremorientalis. See J. sanguinea.

I. 'Eyebright', illus. p.225. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in
(30cm), S indefinite. In late spring produces
2-4 bright yellow flowers, 3-4in (7-10cm)
wide, each with brown zone on falls
surrounding beard, on usually unbranched
stem. Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Feminine Charm'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. Scented, soft pinkish-apricot
flowers, with a hint of yellow, are produced
in summer. Apricot falls are white edged.
Z3-9H9-1.

Z. 'Filibuster'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. Heavily
scented, frilly flowers with rosy-purple
standards are produced in summer. Pale
peach falls are stained with rosy-purple,
and beards are burnt orange. Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Flamenco'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem produces
6-9 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with gold
standards, infused red, and white to yellow
falls with red borders. Z4-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Flight of Butterflies'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. From early to mid-summer
produces delicate flowers with violet-blue
standards and white falls veined deep
violet-blue. Z4-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Florentina'. See I. germanica
'Florentina'.

Z. foetidissima (Stinking gladwin.

Stinking iris), illus. p.225. Evergreen,
rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 1—3ft
(30cm-lm), S indefinite. Branched stem
bears up to 9 yellow-tinged, dull purple
or occasionally pure yellow flowers, 2-4in
(5-10cm) wide, from early to mid-summer.
Cylindrical seed pods open to reveal
rounded, bright scarlet fruits throughout
winter. Thrives in a bog or water garden,
although tolerates drier conditions. Z4-9
H9-2.

Z. forrestii. Rhizomatous, beardless
Siberian iris. H 6-16in (15-40cm),

S indefinite. From late spring to early
summer, unbranched stem produces 1 or 2
fragrant, yellow flowers, 2-272in (5-6cm)
across, with black lines on each fall and
occasionally brownish-flushing on
standards. Has linear, glossy, mid-green
leaves, gray-green below. Prefers moist,
lime-free soil. Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. 'Fortunate Son'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. Branches of scented, velvety,
rich burgundy flowers, with purple beards,
are produced from early to mid-summer.
Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. fosteriana. Bulbous Juno iris. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 272in (6cm). In spring
produces 1 or 2 long-tubed flowers, 172-2in
(4-5cm) wide, with downward-turned, rich
purple standards, which are larger than
those of most Juno irises, and creamy-
yellow falls. Has narrowly lance-shaped,
channeled, silver-edged, mid-green leaves
scattered on flower stem. Is difficult to
grow and is best in an alpine house or
cold frame. Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. 'Frank Elder'. Bulbous Reticulata iris.

H 272-4in (6-10cm), S 2-3in (5-7cm). Has
a solitary, very pale blue flower, 272-3in
(6-7cm) wide, suffused pale yellow and
veined and spotted darker blue, in early
spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very
short at flowering time but elongate later.
Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. 'Frost and Flame', illus. p.224. Strong¬
growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall).

H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In early to mid¬
spring produces fragrant, glistening, white
flowers with gently ruffled standards,
rounded falls and bright orange beards.
Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. fulva , syn. I. cuprea, illus. p.439.

Z. 'Fulvala'. See I. x fulvala.

I. x fulvala, syn. I. 'Fulvala'. Rhizomatous,
beardless iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.

In summer, zigzag stem produces 4-6
(occasionally more) velvety, deep red-
purple flowers, 2-5in (5-12cm) across, with
2 flowers per leaf axil. Has yellow blaze on
each fall. Thrives in a bog or water garden.
Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. 'Galatea'. See I. ensata 'Galathea'.

Z. 'Geisha Gown'. Robust, rhizomatous,
beardless Japanese iris. H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. In mid- and late spring
produces large, delicate, double, white
ruffled flowers with dark violet-blue
veining and deep purple-violet center.

Z3-9 H9-1.

Z. germanica (Common German flag).
Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H to 2—4ft
(60cm-1.2m), S indefinite. Sparsely
branched stem produces up to 6 yellow-
bearded, blue-purple or blue-violet flowers,
4-6in (10-15cm) wide, in late spring and
early summer. Z3-8 'Florentina', syn.

IRIS

I. 'Florentina' (Orris root), illus. p.224,
has strongly scented, white flowers .

Z. 'Golden Harvest'. Bulbous Xiphium
iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
Bears 1 or 2 deep rich yellow flowers,
272-3in (6-8cm) wide, in spring and early
summer. Has scattered, narrowly lance¬
shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves.
Z3-9H9-1.

Z. gracilipes. Clump-forming,
rhizomatous Evansia iris with short
stolons. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S indefinite.

In late spring and early summer, slender,
branched stem produces a succession of

4 or 5 lilac-blue flowers, 174-172in (3-4cm)
across, with violet-veined, white zone
surrounding yellow-and-white crest. Has
narrow, grasslike leaves. Prefers partial
shade and peaty soil. Z5-8 H8-5.

Z. graeberiana. Bulbous Juno iris.

H 6-14in (15-35cm), S 27 2 -3in (6-8cm).

In late spring produces 4-6 bluish-lavender
flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm) across, with
white crest on each fall, from leaf axils.
Lance-shaped, channeled leaves are
white-margined, glossy, mid-green above,
grayish-green below, and scattered up
flower stem. Is easier to grow than most
Juno irises. Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. graminea, syn. I. colchica. Rhizomatous,
beardless Spuria iris. H 8-16in (20-40cm),

5 indefinite. In late spring, narrowly lance¬
shaped leaves partially hide up to 10 plum-
scented flowers, 2-5in (5-12cm) wide, with
wine-purple standards and heavily veined,
violet-blue falls, borne on flattened, angled
stem. Resents being disturbed. Z6-9 H9-5.

Z. 'Green Spot', illus. p.224. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in
(30cm), S indefinite. In late spring,
branched stems bear 2-4 ivory-white
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with olive-green
mark and yellow throat on each fall.

Z6-9 H9-5.

Z. 'Harmony'. Bulbous Reticulata iris.

H 27 2 -4in (6-10cm), S 27 2 -3in (6-7cm).

In early spring bears solitary, fragrant,
long-tubed, clear pale blue flower, Z-Z'/zm
(5-6cm) across, with white marks and
yellow ridge down each fall center.
Narrow, squared leaves are very short
at flowering time but elongate later.

Z5-8 H8-5.

Z. histrioides. Bulbous Reticulata iris.

H 27 2 -4in (6-10cm), S 27 2 -3in (6-7cm).

In early spring produces solitary flowers,
272-3in (6-7cm) across, which vary from
light to deep violet-blue. Each fall is
lightly to strongly spotted with dark blue
and has white marks and yellow ridge
down center. Narrow, squared leaves are
very short at flowering time but elongate
later. Z5-8 H8-4. 'Lady Beatrix
Stanley' has light blue flowers and
heavily spotted falls. 'Major' has darker
blue-violet flowers.

Z. 'Holden Clough', illus. p.225.
Rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 20-28in
(50-70cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
branched stem bears 6-12 yellow flowers,
2in (5cm) wide, with very heavy, burnt-
sienna veining. Is excellent in a bog or
water garden, but also grows well in rich,
well-drained soil. Z5-8 H8-5.

Z. hoogiana , illus. p.224. Regelia iris with
sturdy rhizomes. H 16-24in (40-60cm),

S indefinite. Produces 2 or 3 scented,
delicately veined, lilac-blue flowers, 3-4in
(7-10cm) across, in late spring and

609

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

IRIS

early summer. Is relatively easy to
cultivate. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. iberica. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus
iris. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S indefinite.

Has narrow, strongly curved, gray-green
leaves. Bears solitary, bicolored flowers,
4-5in (10-12cm) across, in late spring.
Standards are white, pale yellow, or
pale blue with slight brownish-purple
veining; spoon-shaped falls are white
or pale lilac, spotted and strongly veined
brownish-purple. Grows best in a frame
or alpine house. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. innominata. Evergreen or
semievergreen, rhizomatous, beardless
Pacific Coast iris. H 6-1 Oin (16-25cm),

S indefinite. Stem bears 1 or 2 flowers,
2V2-3in (6.5-7.5cm) across, from late spring
to early summer. Varies greatly in color
from cream to yellow or orange and from
lilac-pink to blue or purple; falls are often
veined with maroon or brown. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. japonica, illus. p.224. Vigorous,
rhizomatous Evansia iris with slender
stolons. H 18-32in (45-80cm), S indefinite.
Has fans of broadly lance-shaped, glossy
leaves. In late spring produces branched
flower stem with a long succession of
flatfish, frilled or ruffled, pale lavender
or white flowers, 72-3in (l-8cm) across,
marked violet around orange crest on each
fall. Prefers the protection of a sheltered,
sunny wall. Z7-9 H9-7. 'Variegata',

H 28in (70cm), has mid-green leaves boldly
striped with white.

J. 'Jesse's Song'. Vigorous, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. In early to mid-spring
produces scented, ruffled, white flowers,
the standards heavily suffused violet, the
falls irregularly margined and speckled
violet and the white beard tipped pale
violet. Z7-9 H9-7.

J. 'Joette'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.

In late spring or early summer, branched
stems bear uniformly lavender-blue flowers
with yellow beards. Is excellent for cut
flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Joyce', illus. p.225. Bulbous Reticulata
iris. H 2V2-4in (6-10cm), S 272-3in (6-7cm).
In early spring bears a solitary, fragrant,
long-tubed, clear blue flower, 2-2Vzm
(5-6cm) across, with white marks and
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow,
squared leaves are very short at flowering
time but elongate later. Z5-8 H8-5.

I. 'June Prom'. Vigorous, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Intermediate). H 20in (50cm),

S indefinite. In late spring or early summer,
branched stem bears up to 6 pale blue
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide, with green
tinge on each fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

J. kaempferi. See I. ensata .

I. 'Katharine Hodgkin', illus. p.225.
Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 272-4in (6-10cm),
S 2-3in (5-7cm). Is similar to I. 'Frank
Elder', but has yellower flowers suffused
pale blue, lined and dotted with dark blue.
Z5-8 H8-5.

610

I. 'Kent Pride', illus. p.225. Strong¬
growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall).
H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring
produces deep chestnut-brown and white
flowers; standards are faintly suffused
yellow and falls have white central patch,
yellow beards and yellow and brown
veining, surrounded by chestnut-brown
margins.

J. kerneriana. Rhizomatous,
beardless Spuria iris. H lOin (25cm),

S indefinite. Has very narrow, grasslike
leaves. Strong, erect-branched stem bears
2-4 soft lemon- or creamy-yellow flowers,

2- 5in (5-12cm) across, from each pair of
bracts, in early summer. Resents being
disturbed. Z6-9 H9-6.

J. korolkowii. Regelia iris with sturdy
rhizomes. H 16-24in (40-60cm),

S indefinite. From late spring to early
summer, each spathe encloses 2 or 3
delicately blackish-maroon- or olive-
green-veined, creamy-white or light
purple flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm) across.

Is best grown in a bulb frame. Z8-9
H9-8.

I. 'Krasnia'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem produces
8-12 flowers, 5-7in (13-18cm) wide, with
purple standards and purple-margined,
white falls. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Lady Mohr'. Rhizomatous, bearded
Arilbred iris. H 30in (75cm), S indefinite.

In early spring produces flowers with
pearly-white standards and pale yellow
falls veined and spotted brownish-
purple around chrome-yellow beards.

I. 'Lady of Quality'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. In mid- and late spring
produces flowers with light blue-violet
standards and lighter blue falls.

Z3-9 H9-1.

I. laevigata. Rhizomatous, beardless
Japanese iris. H 2—3ft (60-90cm) or more,

S indefinite. Sparsely branched stem
produces 2-4 blue, blue-purple or white
flowers, 2-5in (5-12cm) across, from early
to mid-summer. Is related to I. ensata but
has smooth, not ridged leaves. Grows
well in sun or partial shade in moist
conditions or in shallow water. Z3-9
H9-1. 'Regal' bears single, cyclamen-red
flowers. 'Rose Queen'. See J. ensata
'Rose Queen'. 'Rowden Starlight',
illus. p.437. 'Snowdrift' has single, white
flowers marked yellow at bases of falls.
'Variegata', H lOin (25cm), has white-
and-green-striped leaves and often
flowers a second time, in early fall.

Z5-9 H9-1. 'Weymouth Midnight',
illus. p.442.

I. 'Langport Storm'. Strong-growing,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Intermediate).
H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring
produces smoky-chartreuse flowers,

the falls overlaid with deep red-brown
patches suffused and veined yellow, with
cream beards. Z5-9 H9-1.

J. latifoiia, syn. I. xiphioides (English iris).
Bulbous Xiphium iris (English). H 32in
(80cm), S 6in (15cm). In late spring and
summer, 1 or 2 blue to deep violet flowers,

3- 4in (8-10cm) wide, with yellow stripe
down center of each very broad fall, are
produced from the bracts. Lance-shaped,
channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered
up flower stem. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Duchess of
York' bears purple flowers. Flowers of
'Mont Blanc' are pure white. 'Queen of
the Blues' has blue standards and purple-
blue falls.

J. 'Lavender Royal'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm),

S indefinite. In late spring to early summer,
branched stems bear lavender flowers with
darker flushes. Z5-8 H8-5.

I. lazica. Evergreen, rhizomatous,
beardless iris. H 6-10in (15-25cm),

S indefinite. Has arching fans of broad,
bright green leaves. In early spring
produces stemless, long-tubed, lavender-
blue flowers. Falls are white in lower
halves, spotted and veined lavender, each
with central yellow stripe. Thrives in partial
shade in moist soil. Z8-10 H10-7.

J. lutescens, syn. I. chamaeiris. Fast¬
growing, very variable, rhizomatous,
bearded iris. H 2-12in (5-30cm),

S indefinite. Branched stem produces

1 or 2 yellow-bearded, violet, purple,
yellow, white or bicolored flowers,

2V2-3in (6-8cm) across, in early summer.
Z7-9 H9-7. 'Nancy Lindsay' has scented,
yellow flowers.

I. 'Magic Man'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, branched stems produce flowers
that have light blue standards and velvety
purple falls with light blue margins; beards
are orange. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. magnifica , illus. p.224. Bulbous Juno
iris. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 6in (15cm). In
late spring produces 3-7 very pale lilac
flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm) across, with
central, yellow area on each fall, from leaf
axils. Bears scattered, lance-shaped,
channeled, glossy, mid-green leaves. Z6-8
H8-6.

/. 'Making Eyes'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12-14in (30-35cm),
S indefinite. In early spring produces neat
flowers with pale lemon-white standards,
narrow, white-margined, dark purple-violet
falls and yellowish-white beards. Z3-8
H9-1.

J. 'Margot Holmes'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H lOin (25cm),

S indefinite. In early summer produces

2 or 3 purple-red flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm)
across, with yellow veining on each fall.
Z6-8 H7-9.

/. 'Marhaba'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Miniature Dwarf). H 6in (15cm),

S indefinite. Bears 1, rarely 2 deep blue
flowers, 2-3in (5-8cm) wide, in mid-spring.
Z6-8 H8-6.

/. 'Mary Frances'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem bears 6-9,
occasionally to 12 pink-lavender flowers,

6in (15cm) wide. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Mary Mcllroy'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Intermediate). H 16-20in (40-50cm),

S indefinite. In early to mid-spring
produces bright yellow flowers, the
standards veined slightly deeper yellow,
with darker veins on falls and lemon-yellow
beards. Z3-8 H9-1.

J. 'Matinata'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem produces 6-9,
occasionally to 12 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide,
that are dark purple-blue throughout. Z3-9
H9-1.

J. missouriensis , syn. I. tolmeiana. Very
variable, rhizomatous, beardless Pacific
Coast iris. H to 272ft (75cm), S indefinite.
Branched stem produces 2 or 3 pale blue,
lavender, lilac, blue or white flowers, 2-3in
(5-8cm) wide, in each spathe, in late spring
or early summer. Falls are veined and
usually have yellow blaze. Z3-9 H9-1.

J. 'Morwenna'. Robust, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 28-32in (70-80cm),

S indefinite. In mid- to late spring bears

ruffled, pale blue flowers, with both
standards and falls feathered a slightly
deeper blue, and with white beards.

Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Mountain Lake', illus. p.224.
Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. From late spring
to early summer, branched stem produces

1- 4 mid-blue flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm)
across, with darker veining on falls.

Prefers moist soil. Z3-8 H8-1.

J. 'Natascha', illus. p.415.

I. ochroleuca. See I. orientalis .

I. 'Ola Kala', illus. p.225. Robust,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Produces neat, scented, rich
deep yellow flowers; falls have darker
yellow bases and yellow beards. Z3-9 H9-1.
I. 'Oriental Eyes', illus. p.224. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early summer
produces large, ruffled, strongly veined,
purple violet flowers, with bright golden-
yellow flares at base of each petal.

Z3-8 H9-1.

I. orientalis , syn. I. ochroleuca , illus.
p.224. Rhizomatous, beardless Spuria iris.

H to 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In late spring
each stem, usually with one branch, bears
3-5 white flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide.
Falls are white with yellow centers. Leaves
are often present over winter. Z6-9 H9-5.

I. orientalis of gardens. See I. sanguinea.

I. pallida. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.

H 28-36in (70-90cm) or more, S indefinite.
In late spring and early summer produces

2- 6 scented, lilac-blue flowers, 3-5in
(8-12cm) across, with yellow beards, from
silvery spathes on strong, branched stems.
Z4-9 H9-1. Leaves of 'Variegata', syn.

I. pallida 'Aurea Variegata' are striped
green and yellow. 'Aurea Variegata'. See
I. pallida 'Variegata'.

I. 'Paradise Bird'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In
early summer, well-branched stem
produces 8-10 flowers, 572-6in (14-15cm)
wide, with magenta falls and paler
standards. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Peach Frost'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Well-
branched stem bears 6-10 flowers, 6in
(15cm) wide, in early summer. Standards
are peach-pink, falls white with peach-pink
margins and tangerine beards. Z4-9 H9-1.
I. 'Perry's Blue', illus. p.225. Robust,
rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In late spring and
early summer produces pale purplish-blue
flowers, with deeper blue veins. Slightly
twisted standards and broad, rounded falls
are white margined and creamy-white near
bases, and have dark yellow markings in
throats. Z3-8 H9-1.

I. 'Piona'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.
In late spring and early summer, branched
stem bears up to 6 deep violet flowers,

3- 4in (8-10cm) wide, with golden beards.
Mid-green leaves have purple bases.

Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Pixie', illus. p.418.

I. 'Professor Blaauw'. Bulbous Xiphium
iris (Dutch). H 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
From spring to early summer produces
1 or 2 rich violet-blue flowers, 272-3in
(6-8cm) across. Narrowly lance-shaped,
channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered
up flower stem. Z3-9 H9-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

IRIS

I. pseudacorus (Yellow flag), illus. p.225.
Robust, rhizomatous, beardless iris. H to
6ft (2m), S indefinite. Branched stem
produces 4-12 golden-yellow flowers,
2-5in (5-12cm) wide, usually with brown
or violet veining and darker yellow patch
on falls, from early to mid-summer.

Leaves are broad, ridged and grayish-
green. Prefers partial shade and thrives
in a water garden. Z5-8 H8-3. var.
bastardii, syn. I. pseudacorus 'Sulphur
Queen', illus. p.445. 'Variegata' has
yellow-and-green-striped foliage in
spring, often turning green before
flowering. 'Sulphur Queen'. See
I. pseudacorus var. bastardii.

I. pumila. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S indefinite. In mid¬
spring, flower stem bears 2 or 3 long-tubed
flowers, l-2in (2.5-5cm) wide, varying from
violet-purple to white, yellow or blue, with
yellow or blue beards on falls. Prefers very
well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. Z4-9
H9-1.

/. 'Rare Treat'. Robust, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm),

S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces
ruffled, snow-white flowers, with both
standards and falls margined deep purple-
blue, and bases of falls and beards similarly
colored. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Raspberry Candy'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.

H 32-36in (80-90cm), S indefinite. In late
spring and early summer produces large,
open, white flowers strongly veined red-
violet, with bright yellow blazes at bases
of fafis. Z4-9 H9-1.

/. reticulata (Reticulated iris). Bulbous
Reticulata iris. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S IV 2 -
272in (4-6cm). In early spring bears
solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, deep violet-
purple flower, 172-2V2in (4-6cm) wide, with
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow,
squared leaves elongate after flowering
time. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Cantab' (illus. p.225) has
clear pale blue flowers with a deep yellow
ridge on each fall. 'Clairette'. See
I. 'Clairette'. 'Edward', H 6in (15cm),

S 3 Ain (2cm), has solitary, slightly fragrant,
orange-striped, blue-purple flowers from
late winter to early spring. Leaves are
linear and mid-green. Flowers of 'J.S.

Dijt' are reddish-purple with orange ridge
on each fall. 'Violet Beauty'. See I. 'Violet
Beauty'.

I. 'Ringo', illus. p.224. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in
(90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and early
summer, lightly ruffled flowers have white
standards touched purple on midribs and
dark reddish-purple falls with narrow,
white margins and orange beards. Z5-8
H8-5.

I. 'Rippling Rose'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. In early
summer, well-branched stem has 6-10
white flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with purple
marks and lemon-yellow beards. Z4-9
H9-1.

I. x robusta 'Gerald Darby', illus. p.224.
Rhizomatous, beardless Species Hybrid
iris. H 32in (80cm), S indefinite. In late
spring and early summer, unbranched
purplish-green stems bear up to 4 violet-
blue flowers, with deep yellow signals on
falls. Leaves are stained purple at bases.
Prefers wet conditions. Z4-9 H9-3.

I. rosenbachiana. Bulbous Juno iris.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2V2in (6cm). In
spring produces 1 or 2 long-tubed
flowers, lV2-2in (4-5cm) wide, with
small, downward-turned, rich purple
standards and reddish-purple falls, each
with yellow ridge in center. Has lance¬
shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves in
basal tuft. Is difficult to grow and is best
in an alpine house or cold frame. Z4-9
H9-1.

J. 'Ruban Rleu'. Strong-growing,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32-36in
(85-90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and
early summer has scented flowers with
snow-white standards and slightly ruffled,
dark blue-violet falls each with large, white
basal patch and orange beard. Z3-8 H9-1.

I. 'Ruffled Velvet'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. In early summer produces
2 or 3 red-purple flowers marked with
yellow. Z4-9 H9-1.

I. 'Saffron Jewel'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Intermediate). H 30in (75cm),

S indefinite. In early summer, branched
stem produces 2-5 flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm)
across, with oyster falls, veined chartreuse,
and paler standards. Falls each have blue
blaze and beard. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. sanguinea, syn. I. extremorientalis,

I. orientalis of gardens. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. From late spring to early
summer, branched stem produces 2 or 3
deep purple or red-purple flowers, 2-4in
(5-10cm) wide, from each set of bracts. Falls
are red-purple with white throats finely
veined purple. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Snow Queen'
(illus. p.224) has pure white flowers with
yellow-green marks at base of falls.

I. 'Sapphire Star'. Rhizomatous,
beardless Japanese iris. H 4ft (1.2m),

S indefinite. In summer, branched stem
bears 3-5 white-veined, lavender flowers,
6-12in (15-30cm) wide, penciled with
white halo around yellow blaze on each
fall. Prefers moist soil. Z3-8 H8-1.

I. 'Saturday Night Live'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36-38in
(90-95cm), S indefinite. Has mildly scented,
deep red-brown to burgundy-red flowers,
with bronze-yellow beards and faint, light
yellow veining near bases of falls, from
mid-spring to early summer. Z3-8 H8-1.

I. setosa, illus. p.441.

I. 'Shepherd's Delight'. Rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.

In early summer, well-branched stem
produces 6-10 clear pink flowers, 6-7in
(15-18cm) wide, with yellow cast. Z3-8
H8-1.

I. sibirica, illus. p.441. Rhizomatous,
beardless Siberian iris. H 20-48in
(50-120cm), S indefinite. From late spring
to early summer, branched stem bears
2 or 3 dark-veined, blue or blue-purple
flowers, 5-10cm (2-4in) across, from each
spathe. Prefers moist or boggy conditions.
Z3-8 H9-1. 'Papillon' (illus. p.225), H 36in
(90cm), produces a prolific display of soft
blue flowers, veined in white on falls.
'Shirley Pope' (illus. p.225), H 34in (85cm),
has velvety, dark, almost blue-back flowers,
with white zone veined in purple at base
of horizontal falls. 'Soft Blue' (illus. p.225).
H 30in (75cm), S indefinite. In early to mid¬
spring produces pale blue flowers; the
long, arching falls have yellow basal
markings and darker blue veins.

I. sintenisii. Rhizomatous, beardless
Spuria iris. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite.

Has linear, dark green leaves. In late spring
produces 2 white flowers, densely veined
blue-purple. Z6-8 H8-6.

I. 'Soft Blue'. See I. sibirica 'Soft Blue'.

I. 'Splash Down'. Rhizomatous, beardless
Siberian iris. H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. From
late spring to early summer, branched stem
produces 1-4 flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm)
across. Standards are pale blue and falls
speckled blue on pale ground. Prefers
moist soil. Z3-9 H9-1.

J. spuria. Very variable, rhizomatous,
beardless Spuria iris. H 20-36in (50-90cm),

S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem
produces 2-5 pale blue-purple, sky-blue,
violet-blue, white or yellow flowers, 2-5in
(5-12cm) across, in early summer. Prefers
moist soil. Z6-9 H9-5.

I. 'Stepping Out'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Well-
branched stem produces 8-11 white flowers,
572-6in (14-15cm) wide, with deep blue-
purple marks, in early summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. stylosa. See I. unguicularis.

I. 'Sun Miracle'. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Well-
branched stem produces 7-10 pure yellow
flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm) wide, in early
summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Supreme Sultan'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. In late spring and early
summer bears large, ruffled flowers, with
deep golden-yellow standards, rich dark
red-brown falls that are paler at margins,
and deep yellow beards. Z3-8 H9-1.

I. susiana (Mourning iris). Rhizomatous
Oncocyclus iris. H 14-16in (35-40cm),

S indefinite. In late spring produces
solitary, grayish-white flower, 3-6in
(8-15cm) wide, heavily veined deep purple.
Standards appear larger than incurved
falls, which each have black blaze and deep
purple beard. Grows best in a frame or
alpine house. Z7-9 H9-1.

I. 'Sweet Musette'. Vigorous,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36-38in
(90-95cm), S indefinite. In mid- and late
spring produces large, ruffled, frilly
flowers, with lavender-flushed, peach-pink
standards, purplish-pink falls and orange
beards. Z3-8 H9-1.

I. tectorum (Roof iris). Evansia iris with
sturdy rhizomes. H 10-14in (25-35cm),

S indefinite. Has fans of broadly lance¬
shaped, ribbed leaves. In early summer,
sparsely branched stem produces 2-3
darker-veined, bright lilac flowers, 72-3in
(l-8cm) across, with white crest on each
fall, from each spathe. Prefers a sheltered,
sunny site near a south- or west-facing
wall. Z5-9 H9-3.

I. tenax. Rhizomatous, beardless Pacific
Coast iris. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S indefinite.
From late spring to early summer produces
1 or 2 deep purple to lavender-blue flowers,
3-5in (8-12cm) across, often with yellow-
and-white marking on falls. White, cream
and yellow variants also occur. Narrow,
dark green leaves are stained pink at base.
Z5-9 H9-5.

I. 'Theseus'. Rhizomatous Regeliocyclus
iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. From late
spring to early summer produces usually 2
flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across, with violet
standards and violet-veined, cream falls. Is
best in a frame or alpine house. Z7-9 H9-7.

I. 'Thornbird'. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
(Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
summer produces up to 7 flowers, with
pale greenish-white standards and
greenish-brown falls overlaid with deep
violet lines. Long, horned beard is violet,
tipped with mustard-yellow. Z3-9 H9-1.

I. 'Titan's Glory'. Robust, rhizomatous,
well-branched, bearded iris (Tall). H 36-38in
(90-100cm), S indefinite. Produces very
large, deep purple-blue flowers, with
almost silken texture, in mid-spring. Z3-8
H9-1.

I. tolmeiana. Seel, missouriensis.

I. "Tropic Night', illus. p.225. Strong¬
growing, rhizomatous, beardless Siberian
iris. H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In late
spring and early summer produces deep
violet-blue flowers; upright standards and
rounded falls have strong, white feathering
and veining near bases and are touched
yellow around throats. Z3-8 H9-1.

I. tuberosa. See Hermodactylus tuberosus.
I. unguicularis , syn. I. stylosa (Algerian
iris. Winter iris). Evergreen, rhizomatous,
beardless iris. H to 8in (20cm), S indefinite.
Has narrow, tough leaves. Almost stemless,
primrose-scented, lilac flowers, 2-3in
(5-8cm) across with yellow centers to falls
and with very long tubes, are produced
from late fall to early spring. Buds are
prone to slug attack. Is excellent for cut
flowers. Prefers a sheltered site against
a south- or west-facing wall. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Mary Barnard' has deep violet-blue
flowers, subsp. cretensis, syn. I. cretensis
(illus. p.224), H 4in (10cm), has violet
or lavender-blue standards and white or
yellow falls with violet veining at bases and
clear violet tips. Flowers of 'Walter Butt'
are pale silvery-lavender.

I. variegata (Variegated iris), illus. p.225.
Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
branched stem produces 3-6 flowers,

2-3in (5-8cm) across, with bright yellow
standards and white or pale yellow falls,
heavily veined red-brown and appearing
striped. Z5-9 H9-5.

I. verna (Vernal iris). Rhizomatous,
beardless iris. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.

In mid-spring bears 1, occasionally 2, lilac-
blue flowers, l-2in (2.5-5cm) across, with
narrow, orange stripe in center of each
fall. Prefers partial shade and moist but
well-drained soil. Z5-9 H9-5.

I. versicolor, illus. p.442. 'Kermesina'
(illus. p.225) is a robust, rhizomatous,
beardless iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite.
Branched stem produces 3-5 or more red-
purple flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm) across, with
dense, white feathering at bases of falls,
from early to mid-summer. Prefers partial
shade and thrives in moist soil or in shallow
water. 'Rowden Cadenza', illus. p.438.

I. 'Violet Beauty', syn. I. reticulata 'Violet
Beauty 7 . Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 172-2y2in (4-6cm). In early
spring bears solitary, fragrant, long-tubed,
deep violet-purple flower, 172-272in (4-6cm)
wide, with orange ridge down center of
each fall. Narrow, squared leaves elongate
after flowering time. Z5-9 H8-4.

I. warleyensis. Bulbous Juno iris.

H 8-18in (20-45cm), S 3in (8cm). In spring
produces up to 5 pale lilac or violet-blue
flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm) across, in leaf axils.
Each fall has darker blue apex and yellow
stain in center. Bears scattered, lance-

I

611

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

I SATIS

shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves. Is
best in an unheated greenhouse. Z6-8 H8-6.
I. "White Excelsior'. Bulbous Xiphium
iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
From spring to early summer bears 1 or 2
white flowers, 27*-3in (6-8cm) wide, with
yellow stripe down each fall center.
Narrowly lance-shaped, channeled, mid¬
green leaves are scattered on flower stem.
Z6-8 H8-6.

I. winogradowii, illus. p.225. Bulbous
Reticulata iris. H 2Vz-4in (6-10cm),

S 272-3in (6-7cm). Solitary, pale primrose-
yellow flower, 272-3in (6-7cm) wide,
spotted green on falls, is produced in early
spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very
short at flowering time but elongate later.
Z6-8 H8-6.

I. 'Wisley White'. Rhizomatous, beardless
Siberian iris. H to 3ft (lm), S indefinite.

Each stem has 2 or 3 white flowers, held
well above foliage, in early summer. Z6-8
H8-6.

I. xiphioides. See I. latifolia.

I. xiphium. Bulbous Xiphium iris
(Spanish). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has 1 or 2 blue or violet, occasionally
yellow or white, flowers, 272-3in (6-8cm)
across, with central orange or yellow
marks on falls, in spring and early
summer. Narrowly lance-shaped,
channeled, mid-green leaves are
scattered on flower stem. Z5-9 H9-5.

"Blue Angel' bears bright mid-blue
flowers with yellow mark in center of
each fall. Z4-9 H9-3. Flowers of
'Lusitanica' are pure yellow. Z4-9
H9-3. "Queen Wilhelmina' produces
white flowers in spring. Z4-9 H9-3.
"Wedgwood' has bright blue flowers.
Z4-9 H9-3.

I SATIS

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and perennials. Needs sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in fall or spring.

I. tinctoria (Woad). Vigorous, upright
biennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 172ft (45cm).

Has oblong to lance-shaped, glaucous
leaves and, in summer, large, terminal
panicles of 4-petaled, yellow flowers.

Z4-8 H8-1.

ISM ELIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

612

Genus of one species of annuals, grown
for its daisylike flower heads. Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring.

I. carinata, syn. Chrysanthemum
carinatum. Chrysanthemum tricolor.
"Monarch Court Jesters' is a fast¬
growing, erect, branching annual.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
feathery, gray-green leaves and, in
summer, daisylike, zoned flower heads,
to 3in (8cm) wide, in various color
combinations. H9-1. Tricolor Series
is a group of fast-growing, upright,
branching annuals. Tall cultivars, H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H and S 12in
(30cm). In summer produces single
or double flower heads in many color
combinations.

ISMENE

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their large,
white, scented flowers. Is similar to
Hymenocallis and Pancratium. Requires
a sheltered site in sun or partial shade
and rich, well-drained soil. Plant in early
summer, lifting before the first frosts
in cold areas, or grow under glass, reduce
watering in winter, repot in spring.
Propagate by offsets in spring or by seed
when ripe.

I. calanthina. Seel, narcissiflora.

I. x deflexa, syn. Hymenocallis festalis.
Spring- or summer-flowering bulb with
a basal leaf cluster. H to 32in (80cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears strap-shaped,
semierect leaves. Produces a head of 2-5
scented, white flowers, 8in (20cm) across,
each with a deep, central cup and 6 narrow,
reflexed petals. Z8-10 H10-6.

I. x macrostephana r syn. Hymenocallis
x macrostephana. Evergreen, spring- or
summer-flowering bulb. H 32in (80cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves and fragrant,
white or cream- to greenish-yellow
flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) wide. Z8-10
H10-7.

1. narcissiflora syn. I. calanthina,
Hymenocallis calathina, Hymenocallis
narcissiflora, (Peruvian daffodil) illus. p.408.

I. x spofforthiae "Sulphur Queen', syn.
Hymenocallis x spofforthiae "Sulphur
Queen', illus. p.412.

ISOLEPIS

CYPERACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

I. setaceus syn. Scirpus setaceus, (Bristle
club-rush). Tuft-forming, annual or short¬
lived, perennial rush. H 4-6in (10-15cm),

S 3in (8cm). Has very slender, lax, basal
leaves. Very slender, unbranched stems
each bear 1-3 minute, egg-shaped, green
spikelets in summer. Z12-15 HI2-10.

ISOPLEXIS

SCROPHULARIACEAE/

PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers.
Is closely related to Digitalis. Tolerates full
light or partial shade and prefers well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Remove spent flower spikes.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

I. canariensis, syn. Digitalis canariensis,
illus. p.459.

ISOPYRUM

False rue anemone
RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials,
grown for their small flowers and delicate
foliage. Is suitable for peat beds,
woodlands and rock gardens. Requires
shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by
seed when fresh or by division in fall. Self¬
seeds readily.

I. thalictroides. Dainty, clump-forming
perennial. H and S lOin (25cm). Central

stalk bears fernlike, 3-parted leaves,
each leaflet being divided into 3. Produces
small, nodding, cup-shaped, white
flowers in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

ISOTOMA

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of perennials, often cultivated
as annuals, grown for their long, tubular
flowers. Is suitable for containers and
summer bedding. Needs sun and moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in spring, by tip cuttings in spring or
softwood cuttings in summer or by
division.

I. Avant-Garde Series, illus. p.313.

lsotrema grifRthii. See Aristolochia
griffithii.

ITEA

ESCALLONIACEAE/ITEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
shrubs, grown for their foliage and flowers.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained but not too dry soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

I. ilicifolia, illus. p.211.

IXIA

Corn lily

I Rl DACEAE ~

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
corms with wiry stems, grown for
their spikes of flattish flowers. Needs
an open, sunny situation and well-
drained soil. Plant in fall for spring and
early summer flowers; plant in spring
for later summer display. Dry off after
flowering. Propagate in fall by seed or
by offsets at replanting time.

I. "Mabel'. Spring- to early summer¬
flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S l-2in
(2.5-5cm). Has linear, mid-green, basal
leaves and spikes of deep pink flowers.
Z10-11 H12-10.

I. maculata. Spring- to early summer¬
flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S l-2in
(2.5-5cm). Leaves are linear, erect and
mostly basal. Wiry stem bears a spike of
flattish, orange or yellow flowers, l-2in
(2.5-5cm) across, with brown or black
centers. Z10-11 H12-10.

I. monadelpha. Spring- to early
summer-flowering corm. H 12in (30cm),

S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Linear, erect leaves
are mostly basal. Stem produces a dense
spike of 5-10 flattish, white, pink, purple
or blue flowers, 174-I72in (3-4cm) across,
often with differently colored eyes. Z10-11
H12-10.

I. viridiflora, illus. p.406.

IXIOLIRION

AMARYLLI DACEAE/IXIOLIRIACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their funnel-
shaped flowers mainly in spring. Needs a
sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil
that becomes hot and dry in summer to
ripen the bulb. Propagate by seed or offsets
in fall.

I. montanum. Seel, tataricum.

I. tataricum , syn. I. montanum (Tatar lily),
illus. p.403.

IXORA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers,
some also for their foliage. Prefers full sun
and rich, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

I. coccinea (Flame of the woods. Jungle
flame. Jungle geranium), illus. p.456.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

J K

JACARANDA

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees,
grown for their flowers in spring-summer
and their foliage. Needs full light and well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, sparingly at
other times. Potted plants grown for their
foliage only may be cut back hard in late
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

J. acutifolia. See J. mimosifolia.

J. mimosifolia, syn. J. acutifolia,

J. ovalifolia, illus. p.451.

J. ovalifolia. See J. mimosifolia.

Jacobinia carnea. See Justicia camea.

Jacobinia coccinea. See Pachystachys
coccinea.

Jacobinia pohliana. See Justicia carnea.
Jacobinia spicigera. See Justicia
spicigera.

JACQUEMONTIA

CONVOLVULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light
and well-drained soil. Water freely except
in cold weather. Provide support. Thin
out by cutting old stems to ground level
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

Red spider mite and whitefly may
cause problems.

J. pentantha , syn. J. violacea. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, twining climber.

H 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Has heart-shaped,
pointed leaves and funnel-shaped,
rich violet-blue or pure blue flowers,
lin (2.5cm) wide, in long-stalked clusters
in summer-fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

J. violacea. See J. pentantha.

JAMESBRITTENIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen shrubs. Needs a position in
sun and in moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring or
by softwood cuttings in spring or summer.
J. grandiflora, syn. Sutera grandiflora.
Much-branched, subshrubby perennial,
used for summer bedding. H 3ft (lm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has oval to oblong
round toothed leaves. Tubular, 5-lobed,
frilled deep purple flowers are produced
from mid-summer to fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

JAM ESI A

SCROPHULAR1ACEAE/HYDRANGEACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its flowers. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

J. americana (Cliffbush, Waxflower).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft
(2.5m). Rounded, gray-green leaves are
gray-white beneath. Clusters of small,
slightly fragrant, star-shaped, white
flowers are produced in late spring. Z5-9
H12-10.

JANCAEA

syn. JANKAEA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, rosetted
perennial, grown for its flowers and silver-
green leaves. Makes a good alpine house
plant. Is difficult to grow, as needs shade
from mid-day sun in high summer, a rich,
gritty, moist, alkaline soil and a gritty collar.
Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by seed in
spring or by leaf cuttings in mid-summer.

J. heldreichii, illus. p.355.

Jankaea. See Jancaea.

JASIONE

Sheep's bit

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and perennials, grown for their
flower heads. Needs sun and sandy soil.
Remove old stems in fall. Propagate by
seed in fall or by division in spring.

J. laevis, syn. J. perennis (Sheep's bit
scabious. Shepherd's scabious). Tufted
perennial. H 2-12in (5-30cm), S 4-8in
(10-20cm). Has narrowly oblong, very
hairy or glabrous, gray-green leaves and,
in summer, spiky, spherical, blue flower
heads borne on erect stems. Is good for
a rock garden. Z6-8 H8-6.

J. perennis. See J. laevis.

JASMINUM

Jasmine

OLEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen
shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling
or twining climbers, grown for their star¬
shaped, often fragrant flowers and their
foliage. Needs full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. J. nudiflorum, which needs
support, benefits from having its old shoots
thinned out after flowering, when others
may be pruned. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

J. angulare , syn. J. capense. Evergreen,
woody-stemmed, scrambling climber.

H 6ft (2m) or more. Dark green leaves have
3 oval leaflets. Small clusters of fragrant,
tubular, 5-lobed, white flowers are borne
in late summer. Z10-11 H12-9.

J. beesianum , illus. p.193.

J. capense. See J. angulare.

J. grandiflorum. See J. officinale f. affine.
J. humile, illus. p.139. 'Revolutum' illus.
p.206. f. wallichianum has semi-pendent
flowers and 7-13 leaflets.

J. mesnyi, syn. J. primulinum, illus. p.195.
J. nobile subsp. rex, syn. J. rex.
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval,
leathery, deep green leaves. Scentless,
tubular, 5-lobed, pure white flowers are
pink-tinged in bud and are produced
intermittently all year if warm enough.
Z13-15 H12-10.

J. nudiflorum, illus. p.144.

J. officinale (Common jasmine. Poet's
jasmines). Semievergreen or deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 40ft
(12m). Leaves comprise 7 or 9 leaflets. Has
clusters of fragrant, 4- or 5-lobed, white
flowers in summer-fall. Z8-11 HI2-8. f.
affine, syn. J. grandiflorum illus. p.196.

J. parkeri. Evergreen, domed shrub.

H 6in (15cm), S 15in (38cm) or more.
Produces a tangled mass of fine stems and
twigs bearing minute, oval leaves. Masses
of tiny, tubular, 5-lobed, yellow flowers are
produced from leaf axils in early summer.
Z7-11 H12-7.

J. polyanthum, illus. p.208.

J. primulinum. See J. mesnyi.

J. rex. See J. nobile subsp. rex.

J. x stephanense, illus. p.201.

JEFFERSONIA

Twinleaf

BERBERIDACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials.
Needs shade or partial shade and rich,
moist soil. Extensive root systems resent
disturbance. Top-dress crown in late fall.
Propagate by seed as soon as ripe.

J. diphylla, illus. p.333.

J. dubia, syn. Plagiorhegma dubia, illus.
p.355.

JOVI BARBA

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials that
spread by short stolons and are grown
for their symmetrical rosettes of oval
to strap-shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves.
Makes ground-hugging mats, suitable
for rock gardens, screes, walls, banks
and alpine houses. Needs sun and gritty
soil. Takes several years to reach flowering
size. Rosettes die after plants have
flowered, but leave numerous offsets.
Propagate by offsets in summer.

J. hirta, syn. Sempervivum globiferum
subsp. hirtum, illus. p.374.

J. sobolifera, syn. Sempervivum
globiferum subsp. globiferum. Vigorous,
evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Rounded, grayish-
green or olive-green rosettes are often
red-tinged. Flower stems bear terminal
clusters of small, cup-shaped, 6-petaled
(rarely 5 or 7), pale yellow flowers in
summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

JUANULLOA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Low
temperatures cause leaf drop. Prefers
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens moderately
when in full growth, less at other times.

To encourage a branching habit, tip prune
young plants. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider
mite and mealy bug may be troublesome.

J. aurantica. See J. mexicana.

J. mexicana, syn. J. aurantica. Evergreen,
upright, sparingly branched shrub. H 6ft
(2m) or more, S 2—3ft (60-100cm). Leaves
are felted beneath. Has orange flowers,
each with a ribbed calyx, in short, nodding
clusters in summer. Z13-15 H12-9.

JUBAEA

Chilean wine palm

PALMAE/ARECACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen palm,
grown for its overall appearance. Needs
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens moderately.

JUNIPERUS

less frequently in winter. Propagate by seed
in spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red
spider mite may be a nuisance.

J. chilensis, syn. J. spectabilis, illus. p.80.
J. spectabilis. See J. chilensis.

JUGLANS

Walnut

JUGLANDACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, with aromatic
leaves, grown for their foliage, stately habit
and, in some species, edible nuts (walnuts).
Produces greenish-yellow catkins in spring
and early summer. Young plants are prone
to frost damage. Requires full sun and
deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed, when ripe, in fall.

J. ailantifolia, syn. J. sieboldiana (Japanese
walnut). Deciduous, spreading tree with
sturdy shoots. H and S 50ft (15m). Very large
leaves consist of 11-17 oblong, glossy,
bright green leaflets. Bears edible walnuts in
fall. Z5-8 H8-5. var. cordiformis, syn.

J. cordiformis illus. p.67.

J. cathayensis (Chinese walnut).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
(20m). Has very large leaves, consisting of
11-17 oval to oblong, dark green leaflets.
Bears edible walnuts in fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

J. cinerea (Butternut). Fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large and very
aromatic, with 7-19 oval to oblong,
pointed, bright green leaflets. Bears
dense clusters of large, rounded nuts
in fall. Z3-9 H9-1.

J. cordiformis. See J. ailantifolia var.
cordiformis.

J. microcarpa, syn. J. rupestris, illus. p.88.
J. nigra, illus. p.63.

J. regia, illus. p.62.

J. rupestris. See J. microcarpa.

J. sieboldiana. See J. ailantifolia.

JUNCUS

Rush

JUNCACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

J. effusus f. spiralis, syn. J. effusus
'Spiralis', illus. p.286. 'Spiralis'. See
J. effusus f. spiralis.

JUNIPERUS

Juniper

CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

J. chinensis (Chinese juniper). Conical
conifer, making a tree. H 50ft (15m),

S 6—10ft (2-3m), or a spreading shrub
H 3-15ft (l-5m), S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has
peeling bark. Both scale- and needlelike,
aromatic, dark green leaves, paired or in
3s, are borne on same shoot. Globose,
fleshy, berry-like fruits are glaucous white.
Many cultivars commonly listed under
J. chinensis are forms of J. xpfitzeriana.
Z3-9 H9-1. Aurea', H 30-50ft (10-15m),

S 10—12ft (3-4m), is a slow-growing, oval
or conical form with gold foliage and
abundant yellow, male cones. 'Blaauw',
syn. J. x media 'Blaauw', H and S 6ft (2m), is
a spreading shrub with blue-green foliage.
'Expansa Variegata', syn. J. davurica
'Expansa Variegata', H 30in (75cm), S 5—6ft
(1.5-2m), has trailing or ascending

613

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

JUNIPERUS

J

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614

branchlets and yellow-variegated, bluish-
green leaves. 'Kaizuka', H 15ft (5m),

S 10-15ft (3-5m), forms a sprawling,
irregular bush and has a profusion of cones.
'Keteleeri', illus. p.100. 'Obelisk', illus.
p.103. 'Plumosa Aurea', syn. J. x media
Tlumosa Aurea' is more erect, with green-
gold foliage, turning bronze in winter.
'Pyramidalis', H 30ft (10m), S 3-6ft (l-2m),
is a columnar, dense form with ascending
branches bearing needlelike, blue-green
leaves. 'Robusta Green', syn. J. virginiana
'Robusta Green', illus. p.103. 'Stricta',

H to 15ft (5m), S to 3ft (lm), is conical, with
soft, blue-green, young foliage.

J. communis (Common juniper). Conifer,
ranging from a spreading shrub to a
narrow, upright tree. H 1—25ft (30cm-8m),

S 3-12ft (l-4m). Has needlelike, aromatic,
glossy, mid- or yellow-green leaves in 3s
and bears globular to ovoid, fleshy,
greenish berries that become glaucous
blue, then ripen to black in their third year.
Z2-6 H6-1. 'Compressa', H 30in (75cm),

S 6in (15cm), is a dwarf, erect form.
'Hibernica', H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 12in
(30cm), is columnar. 'Hornibrookii',

H 20in (50cm), S 6ft (2m), and 'Prostrata',
H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 3-6ft (l-2m), are
carpeting plants.

J. conferta, syn. J. rigida subsp. conferta
(Shore juniper). Prostrate, shrubby conifer.
H 6in (15cm), S 3—6ft (l-2m). Spreading
branches bear dense, needlelike, aromatic,
glossy, bright green leaves, glaucous
beneath. Produces glaucous black berries.
Tolerates salty, coastal air.

J. davurica 'Expansa Variegata'.

See J. chinensis 'Expansa Variegata'.

J. drupacea (Syrian juniper). Columnar
conifer. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 3-6ft (l-2m).
Has needlelike, aromatic, light green
leaves, in 3s, and ovoid or almost globose,
fleshy, brown berries. Z7-10 H10-7
J. horizontalis (Creeping juniper).
Prostrate, wide-spreading, mat-forming,
shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite.
Has scale- or needlelike, aromatic, blue-
green or blue-gray leaves and pale blue-
gray berries. Z3-9 H9-1. Leaves of
'Andorra Compact', syn. J. horizontalis
Tlumosa Compacta' turn bronze-purple in
winter. 'Douglasii' has glaucous blue
foliage that turns plum-purple in winter.
'Plumosa' is less dense than J.h. 'Andorra
Compact' and has gray-green leaves,
becoming purple in winter. 'Plumosa
Compacta'. See J. horizontalis 'Andorra
Compact'. 'Prince of Wales' has bright
green foliage, tinged blue when young and
turning purple-brown in winter.
'Turquoise Spreader' has turquoise-
green foliage. 'Wiltonii' has bluish-gray
leaves that retain their color over winter.

J. x media. See J. x pfitzeriana. 'Blaauw'.
See J. chinensis 'Blaauw'. 'Blue and
Gold'. See J. x pfitzeriana 'Blue and
Gold'.'Hetzii'. See J. virginiana 'Hetzii'.
'Pfitzeriana'. See J. x pfitzeriana 'William
Pfitzer'. 'Pfitzeriana Aurea'. See J. x
pfitzeriana 'Aurea'. 'Pfitzeriana Glauca'.
See J. x pfitzeriana 'Glauca'. 'Plumosa
Aurea'. See J. chinensis 'Plumosa Aurea'.
J. x pfitzeriana , syn. J. x media. Group of
spreading to conical conifers. H 50ft (15m),
S 6-10ft (2-3m). Has peeling bark. Mainly
scalelike, dark green leaves exude a fetid
smell when crushed. Fruits are globose to
rounded, white or blue-black. Cultivars are

suitable as groundcover or as specimen
plants in a small garden. Some forms are
commonly listed under J. chinensis. Z4-9
H9-1. 'Aurea', syn. J. x media 'Pfitzeriana
Aurea' has golden foliage. 'Blue and
Gold', syn. J. x media 'Blue and Gold',

H to 3ft (lm), S 3ft (lm), is a spreading form
with leaves variegated sky-blue and gold.
'Glauca', syn. J. x media 'Pfitzeriana
Glauca' produces gray-blue leaves. 'Old
Gold' (illus. p.105), H 3ft (lm), S 8ft (2.5m),
has a compact, spreading, flat-topped habit
and bronze-yellow leaves. 'Pfitzeriana
Compacta', H and S 5ft (1.5m), has a
dense, compact habit and a tendency to
produce more juvenile leaves. 'William
Pfitzer', syn. J. x media 'Pfitzeriana',

H 10ft (3m), S 10—15ft (3-5m), is a spreading,
flat-topped shrub and produces grayish-
green leaves.

J. procumbens (Bonin Isles juniper).
Spreading, prostrate, shrubby conifer.

H 30in (75cm), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown
bark. Thick branches bear needlelike,
aromatic, light green or yellow-green
leaves and globose, fleshy, brown or black
berries. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Nana', H 6-8in
(15-20cm), S 30in (75cm), is less vigorous
and is mat-forming.

J. recurva , illus. p.103. var. coxii, illus.
p.100. 'Densa', syn. J. recurva 'Nana' is a
spreading conifer. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (lm).
Shaggy bark flakes in thin sheets. Sprays
of long, needlelike, aromatic, dark green
leaves are erect at tips. Ovoid, fleshy
berries are black. Z7-11 H12-7. 'Nana'.

See J. recurva 'Densa'.

J. rigida (Needle juniper). Sprawling,
shrubby conifer. H and S 25ft (8m).

Gray or brown bark peels in strips.

Very sharp, needlelike, aromatic,
bright green leaves, in 3s, are borne in
nodding sprays. Globose, fleshy fruits
are purplish-black. Z6-9 H9-6 subsp.
conferta. See J. conferta.

J. sabina (Savin juniper). Spreading,
shrubby conifer. H to 12ft (4m), S 10-15ft
(3-5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark.
Slender shoots bear mainly scalelike,
aromatic, dark green leaves that give off
a fetid smell when crushed. Produces
rounded, blue-black berries. Z4-7 H7-1.
'Blaue Donau', syn. J. sabina 'Blue
Danube', H 6ft (2m), S 6-12ft (2-4m), is a
spreading form with branch tips curved
upward and gray-blue foliage. 'Blue
Danube'. See J. sabina 'Blaue Donau'
'Cupressifolia', H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m),
is a free-fruiting, female form with
horizontal or ascending branches and blue-
green leaves. 'Mas' has ascending
branches. Leaves are blue above, green
below, purplish in winter, var.
tamariscifolia (Tamarisk juniper), H 3ft
(lm), S 6ft (2m), produces tiered layers of
mainly needlelike, bright green or blue-
green leaves.

J. scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper).
Slow-growing, round-crowned conifer.

H 30ft (10m), S 12ft (4m). Reddish-brown
bark is furrowed into strips or squares
and peels on branches. Scalelike, aromatic
leaves are gray-green to dark green. Bears
globose, fleshy, blue berries. Z3-7 H7-1.
'Skyrocket', syn. J. virginiana 'Skyrocket'
(illus. p.105), H 26ft (8m), S 2y 2 ft (75cm),
is very narrow in habit with glaucous
blue foliage. 'Springbank' is narrowly
conical with drooping branch tips and

intense silvery-blue foliage. 'Tabletop',

H 6ft (2m), S 15ft (5m), has a flat-topped
habit and silvery-blue leaves.

J. squamata (Singleseed juniper).
Prostrate to sprawling, shrubby conifer.

H 1—12ft (30cm-4m), S 3-15ft (l-5m). Bark
is red-brown and flaking. Needlelike,
aromatic, fresh green or bluish-green
leaves spread at tips of shoots. Produces
ovoid, fleshy, black berries. Z4-9 H9-1.
'Blue Carpet' (illus. p.105), H 1ft (30cm),

S 6-10ft (2-3m), is vigorous and prostrate,
with glaucous blue foliage. 'Blue Star',

H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm), forms a dense,
rounded bush and has blue foliage.
'Chinese Silver', H and S 10-12ft (3-4m),
has branches with nodding tips and bluish
leaves with bright silver undersides.
'Holger' (illus. p.105), H and S 6ft (2m),
produces sulfur-yellow young leaves
that contrast with steel-blue old foliage.
'Meyeri', H and S 15ft (5m), has a sprawling
habit and produces steel-blue foliage.

J. virginiana (Eastern juniper. Eastern
red cedar). Slow-growing, conical or
broadly columnar conifer. H 50-70ft (15-
20m), S 20-25ft (6-8m). Both scale- and
needlelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves
are borne on same shoot. Ovoid, fleshy
berries are brownish-violet and extremely
glaucous. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Burkii', H to 20ft
(6m), S 3ft (lm), has blue-gray leaves
that become purple-tinged over winter.
'Grey Owl', H 10ft (3m), S 10-15ft (3-5m),
is a low, spreading cultivar with ascending
branches and silvery-gray foliage. 'Hetzii',
syn. J. x media 'Hetzii', H 10—12ft (3-4m),

S 12ft (4m), produces tiers of gray-green
foliage.

J. virginiana 'Robusta Green'. See

J. chinensis 'Robusta Green'.

J. virginiana 'Skyrocket'. See

J. scopulorum 'Skyrocket'.

JUSTICIA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers.
Requires full light or partial shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Some species
need regular pruning. Propagate by
softwood or greenwood cuttings in spring
or early summer. Whitefly may cause
problems.

J. adhatoda , syn. Duvernoia
adhatodoides, Adhatoda duvernoia (Snake
bush). Evergreen, erect shrub. H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m). Has elliptic, dark
green leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white or
mauve flowers, with pink, red or purple
marks, are produced in summer-fall.
Z12-15 H12-1

J. brandegeeana, syn. Beloperone
guttata , Drejerella guttata , illus. p.455.
'Chartreuse' is an evergreen, arching
shrub. H to 3ft (lm), S 2-3ft (60-90cm). Has
white flowers surrounded by pale yellow-
green bracts mainly in summer but also
intermittently during the year. Z14-15
H12-9.

J. carnea , syn. J. pohliana, Jacobinia
camea, illus. p.455.

J. coccinea. See Pachystachys coccinea.

J. floribunda. See J. rizzinii.

J. ghiesbreghtiana. See J. spicigera.

J. pauciflora. See J. rizzinii.

J. pohliana. See J. camea.

J. rizzinii , syn. J. floribunda, J. pauciflora,
Libonia floribunda. Evergreen, rounded,
freely branching shrub. H and S 1—2ft
(30-60cm). Leaves are oval and mid-green.
Bears nodding clusters of tubular, yellow-
tipped, scarlet flowers mainly fall-spring.
Divide every few years.

J. spicigera, syn. J. ghiesbreghtiana,
Jacobinia spicigera. Evergreen, well-
branched shrub. H 3-6ft (1-1.8m), S 2V2-4ft
(75-120cm). Has spikes of tubular, orange
or red flowers in summer and occasionally
other seasons. Z14-15 H12-10.

KADSURA

SCHISANDRACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their foliage and fruits. Male
and female flowers are borne on separate
plants, so plants of both sexes must be
grown to obtain fruits. Needs partial shade
and tolerates any soil. Propagate by stem
cuttings in late summer.

K. japonica. Evergreen, twining climber.

H 10-12ft (3-4m). Has oval or lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Solitary, small, fragrant,
cream flowers are produced in leaf axils in
summer, followed by bright red berries.
Prefers well-drained soil.

KAEMPFERIA

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of tufted, rhizomatous perennials,
grown for their aromatic leaves and
their flowers. Needs a moist atmosphere,
partial shade and moist, rich soil. Allow
to dry out when plants become dormant.
Propagate by division in late spring.

See also feature panel p.477.

K. pulchra, illus. p.477. Tufted,
rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has horizontal, aromatic,
dark green leaves, variegated with paler
green above. Short spikes of lilac-pink
flowers are produced from center of tufts
in summer. HI 1-10.

K. roscoeana (Dwarf ginger lily. Peacock
lily). Rhizomatous perennial without an
obvious stem. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Usually has only 2 almost
rounded, aromatic leaves, to 4in (10cm)
long, dark green with pale green marks
above, reddish-green below, that are
held horizontally. Short spike of pure white
flowers, each with a deeply lobed lip, are
produced from center of leaf tuft in fall.
Zll-12 H12-10.

K. rotunda (Resurrection lily).
Herbacous, rhizomatous perennial. H 2ft
(60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has 2-4 broadly
lance-shaped leaves, 8-10in (20-25cm)
long, patterned silver and deep green,
with red undersides. White flowers, with
pink to purple lips, borne on a separate
stem before leafy stem emerges, open in
succession from late spring to summer.

A number of cultivars are grown for their
patterned foliage.

KALANCHOE

syn. BRYOPHYLLUM

CRASSULACEAE

Genus of perennial succulents or shrubs,
grown for their very fleshy, mainly
cylindrical, oval or linear leaves and bell-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

shaped to tubular flowers. Many species
produce new plantlets from indented
leaf margins. Requires sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Keep moist
from spring to fall. Water lightly and
only occasionally in winter. Propagate
by seed, offsets or stem cuttings in spring
or summer.

K. beharensis (Felt bush. Velvet leaf).
Bushy, perennial succulent. H and S to 12ft
(4m). Has triangular to lance-shaped, olive-
green leaves covered with fine, brown
hairs. Bell-shaped, yellow flowers are
produced in late winter, only on plants
more than 6ft (2m) high. Zll-12 H12-1.

K. blossfeldiana, illus. p.487. 'Calandiva',
illus. p.482.

K. daigremontiana, illus. p.492.

K. delagoensis, syn. K. tubiflora, illus.
p.496.

K. fedtschenkoi. Bushy, perennial
succulent. H and S 3ft (lm). Produces
oval, indented, blue-gray leaves with new
plantlets in each notch. Bell-shaped,
brownish-pink flowers, Win (2cm) long,
are borne in late winter. Prefers a sunny
position. Zll H12-10. 'Variegata', illus.
p.482.

K. laetivirens. Evergreen, perennial
succulent. H lOin (25cm), S 6in (15cm).
Oblong to elliptic, glaucous, mid-green
leaves, turning pink in strong light,
produce small plantlets from notches
along margins. Bears clusters of tubular,
greenish-white to purplish flowers,

5 /8in (1.5cm) long, in winter.

K. pumila. Creeping, perennial succulent.
H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval,
powdery gray-white leaves with indented
margins. Tubular, pink flowers. Vain (1cm)
long, are produced in spring. Is suitable for
a hanging basket in a sunny position. Zll
H12-1.

K. 'Tessa', illus. p.487.

K. tomentosa, illus. p.490.

K. tubiflora. See K. delagoensis.

K. uni flora, syn. Kitchingia uni flora.
Creeping, perennial succulent. H 272in
(6cm), S indefinite. Produces rounded, mid¬
green leaves, V4-lV4in (0.5-3cm) long, and
bell-shaped, yellow-flushed, reddish-purple
flowers. Vain (1cm) long, in late winter.
Prefers partial shade. Zll-15 H12-1.

K. 'Wendy', illus. p.485.

KALMIA

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their clusters of
distinctive, usually cup-shaped flowers.
Needs sun or partial shade and moist,
peaty, acid soil. Propagate species by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, selected forms by softwood cuttings
in summer. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

K. angustifolia. f. rubra, syn. K.
angustifolia 'Rubra' (Lambkill kalmia.

Sheep laurel), illus. p.156. 'Rubra'.

See K. angustifolia f. rubra.

K. latifolia, illus. p.136. 'Ostbo Red' is
an evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and
S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, rich green
leaves. Large, showy clusters of deep pink
flowers open in early summer from
distinctively crimped, deep red buds.
Prefers full sun. Z5-9 H9-5.

KALMIOPSIS

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen,
spring-flowering shrub, grown for its
flowers. Is suitable for peat gardens.
Requires partial shade and moist, peaty,
acidic soil. Propagate by softwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer.

K. leachiana 'La Piniec', syn. K.
leachiana 'M. le Piniec'. Evergreen, bushy
shrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Terminal
clusters of small, widely bell-shaped,
purplish-pink flowers are produced from
early to late spring. Has small, oval, glossy,
dark green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7. 'M. le
Piniec'. See K. leachiana 'La Piniec'.

KALOPANAX

ARALIACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous, fall¬
flowering tree, grown for its foliage and
fruits. Unripened wood on young plants is
susceptible to cold damage. Prefers sun
or partial shade and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

K. pictus. See K. septemlobus.

K. ricinifolius. See K. septemlobus.

K. septemlobus, syn. K. pictus, K.
ricinifolius, Acanthopanax ricinifolius,
illus. p.74.

KELSEYA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of extremely small,
evergreen subshrub. Is difficult to grow and
is best in an alpine house as foliage deeply
resents both summer and winter wet.
Requires full sun and moist, alkaline soil.
Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in late spring
or by seed in fall. Is susceptible to molds,
so remove any dead rosettes at once.

K. uni flora. Slow-growing, evergreen,
rosetted subshrub. H V 2 in (1cm), S to 8in
(20cm). Forms a hard mat of closely
packed, small rosettes of tiny, oval, dark
green leaves. In early spring produces
stemless, star-shaped, occasionally pink-
flushed, white flowers. Z5-7 H7-5.

KENNEDIA

syn. KENNEDYA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
trailing and twining climbers, grown
for their pealike flowers. Needs full light
and moderately fertile, sandy soil.

Water regularly when in full growth,
sparingly in cold weather. Requires support.
Thin out congested growth after flowering
or in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

K. nigricans (Black coral pea). Vigorous,
evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H to 6ft (2m). Leaves are divided
into 3 leaflets with notched tips. Has small
trusses of pealike, velvety, black-purple
flowers, with yellow blazes, in spring-
summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

K. rubicunda (Dusky coral pea), illus.
p.462.

Kennedya. See Kennedia.

Kentia fosteriana. See Howea
forsteriana.

KERRIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its showy, yellow flowers.

Needs sun or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Thin out old shoots
after flowering. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by division in
fall.

K. japonica 'Pleniflora', illus. p.127. var.
simplex, is a deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Has bright green foliage.
Single, buttercup-like, golden-yellow
flowers are borne from mid- to late spring.
Z5-9 H9-3.

KIGELIA

Sausage tree

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its flowers, curious, sausage¬
like fruits and for shade. Requires full
light and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately, very
little when temperatures low. Propagate
by seed in spring at not less than 73°F
(23°C).

K. africana, syn. K. pinnata (Sausage tree).
Evergreen, spreading, fairly bushy tree.

H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have
7-11 oblong to oval leaflets. Scented,
bell-shaped, purplish-red flowers open
at night in fall-spring. Bears inedible,
cylindrical, hard-shelled, brown fruits,
12-18in (30-45cm) long. Z10-11 H12-10.

K. pinnata. See K. africana.

KIRENGESHOMA

HYDRANGEACEAE

Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering
perennials. Needs partial shade and deep,
moist, lime-free soil. Propagate by seed or
division in fall or spring.

K. palmata (Yellow waxbells), illus. p.251.

KITAIBELA

syn. KITAIBELIA

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
perennial. Needs full sun and fertile,
preferably dry soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring.

K. vitifolia. Bushy, upright perennial.

H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer
bears small clusters of open cup-shaped,
white or rose-pink flowers. Has palmately
lobed, coarsely toothed leaves. Z6-8
H8-6.

Kitaibelia. See Kitaibela.

Kitchingia uniflora. See Kalanchoe
uni flora.

Kleinia articulata. See Senecio
articulatus.

Kleinia rowleyana. See Senecio
rowleyanus.

KNAUTIA

DIPSACACEAE/CAPROFOLIACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals
and perennials. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Requires staking.
Propagate by basal cuttings in spring
or by seed in fall.

KNIPHOFIA

K. arvensis, syn. Scabiosa arvensis
(Blue buttons). Erect perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 172ft (45cm). Produces heads
of pincushion-like, bluish-lilac flowers in
summer. Stems are clothed in narrowly
oval to lyre-shaped, deeply divided
leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

K. macedonica, syn. Scabiosa rumelica,
illus. p.235.

KNIGHTIA

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their flowers, foliage
and overall appearance. Needs sun or
partial shade and reasonably fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less in winter. Propagate
by seed in spring.

K. excelsa (New Zealand honeysuckle,
Rewarewa). Evergreen, upright tree.

H 70ft (20m) or more, S 6-12ft (2-4m). Has
oblong to lance-shaped, coarsely serrated,
leathery, glossy, deep green leaves. Dense
racemes of slender, tubular, deep red
flowers are produced in summer. Z10-11
H12-10.

KNIPHOFIA

Red-hot poker. Torch lily

LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
conditions, with constantly moist soil in
summer. Propagate species by seed or
division in spring, cultivars by division only
in spring. See also feature panel p.254.

K. 'Ada'. Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 36in (100m), S 18in (45cm).

Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal
leaves. In summer, upright, dark green
stems bear racemes of tubular, orange-
yellow flowers, the buds rather darker in
color.

K. 'Alcazar'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green,
basal leaves. In summer, upright, dark
green stems bear racemes of reddish-
orange buds opening to tubular, golden-
yellow flowers.

K. 'Atlanta', illus. p.254. Evergreen,
upright perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S 172ft
(45cm). In summer, sturdy stems bear
dense, terminal racemes of tubular,
bright orange-yellow flowers. Has thick,
grasslike, chaneled leaves. Does well in
a coastal area. Z6-9 H9-4.

K. 'Bee's Lemon'. Upright perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 172ft (45cm). Has dense,
terminal racemes of tubular, green-tinged,
citron-yellow flowers on sturdy stems in
late summer and fall. Grasslike, deep green
leaves have serrated edges. Z6-9 H9-6.

K. 'Bees' Sunset', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 48in (120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long,
grasslike, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright, purplish-green stems
bear slender racemes of tubular, warm
orange-flushed, yellow flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.
K. 'Brimstone'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has long, narrowly lance-shaped,
mid-green, basal leaves. In summer,
upright stems bear slender racemes of
tubular, soft greenish-yellow flowers.

J

K

615

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

KNIPHOFIA

K. 'C.M. Prichard'. See K. rooperi.

K. caulescens, illus. p.254. Evergreen,
upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Has basal tufts of narrow, blue-green
leaves and smooth, sturdy stems bearing
terminal spikes of reddish-salmon flowers
in fan. Z6-9 H9-4.

K. 'Cobra'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm) or more,
S 18in (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid¬
green, basal leaves. In summer, upright
stems bear sturdy, broad, dense racemes
of tubular, brown-tinged, orange flowers
that age to yellowish-white.

K. 'Green Jade', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear rather slender
racemes of tubular, pale green flowers,
fading to warm ivory-white. Z6-9 H9-4.

K. linearifolia. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 60in (1.5m), S 32in
(80cm). Has very long, rather lax, grasslike,
mid-green leaves. In summer, upright
stems bear dense racemes of orange-red
buds opening to tubular, bright yellow
flowers.

K. 'Little Maid'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has long, grasslike, mid-green,
basal leaves. In summer, upright stems
bear dainty racemes of tubular, greenish
yellow flowers that fade to creamy-white.
Z6-9 H9-6.

K. 'Maid of Orleans'. Upright perennial.
H 4ft (1.2m), S lVaft (45cm). In summer,
slender stems are each crowned with a
dense raceme of yellow buds that open to
tubular, creamy-white flowers. Leaves are
fresh green, basal and strap-shaped. Z6-9
H9-6.

K. northiae. Evergreen, rosette-forming
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm) or more.
Has rather lax, broadly strap-shaped,
pointed, pale green leaves. In summer
produces dense racemes of tubular,
greenish-yellow flowers.

K. 'Percy's Pride', illus. p.251.

K. 'Prince Igor', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (lm). Has long,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear racemes of
tubular, yellow-tinged, reddish-orange
flowers. Z6-9 H9-4.

K. rooperi, syn. K. 'C. M. Prichard', illus.
p.254. Robust, evergreen perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has arching, linear,
dark green leaves. From early to late fall
produces racemes of tubular, orange-red
flowers, becoming orange-yellow. Z6-9
H9-4.

616

K. 'Royal Standard', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 36in (100cm) or more, S 22in (55cm). Bears
long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves.
In summer, upright stems bear 2-toned
racemes of bright red buds opening to
tubular, yellow flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

K. 'Samuel's Sensation'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 66in (165cm)
or more, S 32in (80cm). Bears long, lance¬
shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear racemes
of tubular, pinkish-red flowers aging
to orange-yellow. Z6-9 H9-6.

K. snowdenii. See K. thomsonii var.
snowdenii.

K. 'Star of Baden-Baden'.

Semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial.H 72in (180m), S 32in (80cm).

Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal
leaves. In summer, upright stems bear
racemes of tubular, greenish-golden-
yellow flowers.

K. 'Strawberries and Cream'. Largely
herbaceous, rather compact, clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 14in
(35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green, basal
leaves. In summer bears upright racemes
of tubular, pinkish-ivory flowers, opening
from darker buds.

K. 'Tetbury Torch'. Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 36in (100cm),

S 18in (45cm). Bears lance-shaped, mid¬
green, basal leaves. In early summer and
often in later summer produces upright
racemes of tubular, orange flowers that
fade to warm yellow.

K. thomsonii var. snowdenii, syn.

K. snowdenii, illus. p.254. Upright
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).

Has grasslike, basal leaves. In summer
bears coral-pink flowers, with yellowish
interiors, spaced widely along terminal
spikes. Z7-9 H9-7.

K. 'Timothy'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green,
basal leaves. In summer, upright, purplish-
green stems bear racemes of tubular, warm
peachy-pink flowers.

K. 'Toffee Nosed', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear racemes of
tubular, brown-orange flowers that fade
to warm cream.

K. uvaria (Red-hot poker). Z5-9 H9-1.
'Nobilis' is an upright perennial with
erect, then spreading leaves. H 6ft (2m),

S 3ft (lm). In late summer and fall, sturdy
stems each bear a dense, terminal raceme
of tubular, bright red flowers. Has strap¬
shaped, chaneled, dark green leaves.

K. 'Wrexham Buttercup', illus. p.254.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long,
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In
summer, upright stems bear broad racemes
of tubular, bright yellow flowers, opening
from greenish buds. Z6-9 H9-6.

Kochia. See Bassia.

KOELREUTERIA

SAPINDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers and
fruits. Requires full sun, doing best in hot
summers, and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings
in late winter.

K. paniculata, illus. p.89.

KOHLERIA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of erect perennials with scaly
rhizomes, grown for their showy, tubular
flowers borne mainly in summer. Needs
full sun or partial shade and moist but well-
drained soil. Water sparingly in winter;
overwatering will cause rhizomes to rot.
Propagate in spring by division of rhizomes
or by seed if available.

K. amabilis (Beautybush). Rhizomatous
perennial. H 3-6in (8-16cm), S 2ft (60cm).
Oval, hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, are
often marked with silver and brown above.
Small, nodding, tubular, deep pink flowers,
with red-marked lobes, are borne in
summer. Is useful for a hanging basket.
Z14-15 H12-10.

K. bogotensis. Erect, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm) or more.
Oval, velvety, green leaves, to 3in (8cm)
long, are sometimes marked with paler
green above. In summer has small, tubular
flowers, red with a yellow base outside,
red-dotted, yellow within. Z14-15 H12-10.
K. digitaliflora, illus. p.469.

K. eriantha, illus. p.470.

K. warscewiczii. Erect, rhizomatous
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Oval,
dark green leaves have scalloped margins.
In summer and fall produces tubular, hairy,
yellow-based, scarlet flowers, with red- or
brown-spotted, greenish-yellow or bright
yellow lobes. Z14-15 H12-10.

KOLKWITZIA

Beautybush

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its abundant flowers. Prefers
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut
out old shoots after flowering. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

K. amabilis. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Has peeling bark and
oval, dark green leaves. Bell-shaped,
yellow-throated, white or pink flowers are
borne in late spring and early summer.

Z5-9 H9-5. 'Pink Cloud', illus. p.114.

Korolkowia sewerzowii. See Fritillaria
sewerzowii.

KUNZEA

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Prefers full light and sandy,
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container specimens moderately when in
full growth, less at other times. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in late summer or by
seed in spring.

K. baxteri. Evergreen, rounded, wiry-
stemmed shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has
narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves and, in
early summer, deep red flowers, each with
a brush of stamens, in spikes 2in (5cm)
long.

L

LABLAB

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber, grown
for its pealike flowers (in tropics is
grown for green manure and animal
feed, and for its edible pods and seeds).

Is often raised as an annual. Needs sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in spring.

L. purpureus, syn. Dolichos lablab,
Dolichos purpureus, illus. p.203.

+ LABURNOCYTISUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Deciduous tree, grown for its flowers.

Is a graft hybrid between Laburnum
anagyroides and Chamaecytisus purpureus.
Requires full sun and tolerates any but
waterlogged soil. Propagate by grafting
on laburnum in late summer.

+ L. 'Adamii'. Deciduous, spreading tree.
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In late spring and
early summer bears 3 types of blooms:
yellow, laburnum flowers; purple, cytisus
flowers; and laburnum-like, yellow and
pinkish-purple flowers. Leaves, divided into
3 oval leaflets, are dark green. Z6-8 H8-6.

LABURNUM

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
profuse, pendent flower clusters in spring
and summer. Prefers full sun and tolerates
any but waterlogged soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall, hybrids by budding
in summer. ® All parts, including seeds,
are highly toxic if ingested.

L. alpinum, illus. p.89.

L. anagyroides syn. L. vulgare (Common
laburnum). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 22ft (7m). Gray-green leaves are
divided into 3 oval leaflets. Short, pendent,
dense clusters of large, pealike, yellow
flowers are borne in late spring and early
summer. Z6-8 H8-5.

L. vulgare. See L. anagyroides.

L. x watereri 'Vossii', illus. p.84.

LACHENALIA

Cape cowslip

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
bulbs, grown for their tubular or bell¬
shaped flowers; some also have attractively
mottled leaves. Is useful as pot plants and
in open borders. Requires sun and light,
well-drained soil. Plant in early fall; dry
off in summer when foliage has died down.
Propagate in fall by seed or freely produced
offsets.

L. aloides, syn. L. tricolor, L. 'Tricolor'.
Winter- and spring-flowering bulb.

H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has
2 strap-shaped, semierect, purple-spotted,
green, basal leaves. Produces spike of
10-20 pendent flowers, lVdn (3cm) long,
with yellow tube shading to red at apex
and with flared, green tips. Zll H12-10.
'Nelsonii', syn. L. 'Nelsonii', illus. p.429.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

var. quadricolor, illus. p.429.

L. angustifolia. See L. contaminata.

L. contaminata, syn. L. angustifolia.
Winter- and spring-flowering bulb.

H to 8in (20cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has
narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves
in basal cluster. Bears spike of bell¬
shaped, white flowers, Vun (0.5cm) long,
suffused and tipped with red and green.
Zll H12-10.

L. glaucina. See L. orchioides var.
glaucina.

L. mutabilis. Winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect,
basal leaves. Stem bears loose spike of up
to 25 tubular flowers. Van (1cm) long, that
are purple or lilac in bud and open to
reddish-brown-tipped petals with green
tube base.

L. 'Nelsonii'. See L. aloides 'Nelsonii'.

L. orchioides. Winter- and spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect,
green, basal leaves, sometimes spotted
blackish- or purple-brown. Stem produces
a dense spike of fragrant, semierect,
tubular, white flowers. Van (1cm) long,
blue-tinged and tipped with green. Z11-14
H12-6. var. glaucina, syn. L. glaucina has
leaves usually spotted purple and whitish-
blue or pale lilac flowers.

L. rubida. Winter-flowering bulb. H to
lOin (25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Bears 2 strap¬
shaped, semierect, purple-spotted, green,
basal leaves and a loose spike of pendent,
tubular, red flowers, W-lV-tin (2-3cm) long,
shading to yellow at tips.

L. tricolor. See L. aloides.

Lactuca alpina. See Cicerbita alpina.

Lactuca bourgaei. See Cicerbita
bourgaei.

LAELIA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

L. anceps, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H lOin (25cm). Lilac-pink flowers, 2Van
(6cm) wide, each with a deep mauve lip,
are borne in tall spikes in fall. Has oval,
rigid leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long. Needs
partial shade in summer. HI 1-6.

L. cinnabarina. See Cattleya cinnabarina.

x Laeliocattleya Rojo gx "Mont
Millais'. See x Cattlianthe Rojo gx 'Mont
Millais'.

LAGAROSIPHON

Curly water thyme

HYDROCHARITACEAE ~

Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
spreading, submerged water plants, grown
for their foliage. Oxygenates water. Needs
full sun. Thin regularly to keep under
control. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

L. major, syn. Elodea crispa.
Semievergreen, perennial, spreading,
submerged water plant. S indefinite. Forms
dense, underwater swards of foliage.
Ascending stems are covered in narrow,
reflexed, dark green leaves. Bears
insignificant flowers in summer. Z8-11
H12-6.

LAGERSTROEMIA

LYTHRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
flowers. Prefers full light and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, less at other
times. To maintain as shrubs, cut back hard
the previous season's stems each spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

L. indica (Crape myrtle). Deciduous,
rounded tree or large shrub. H and
S 25ft (8m). Has trusses of flowers with
strongly waved, pink, white or purple
petals in summer and early fall. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Seminale', illus. p.86.

L. speciosa (Giant crape myrtle. Pride of
India). Deciduous, rounded tree. H 50-70ft
(15-20m), S 30-50ft (10-15m). Has narrowly
oval, mid- to deep green leaves, 3-7in
(8-18cm) long. Produces panicles of funnel-
shaped, rose-pink to rose-purple flowers in
summer-fall, often when leafless. Z9-10
H10-9.

LAGUNARIA

Norfolk Island hibiscus
MALVACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its flowers in summer-fall and its
overall appearance. Prefers full light and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
plants freely when in full summer growth,
moderately at other times. Pruning is
tolerated, if required. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Under cover, red spider mite may be
troublesome. (D Contact with the seeds
may irritate skin.

L. patersonii (Cow itch tree, Queensland
pyramidal tree). Fast-growing, evergreen,
upright tree, pyramidal when young.

H 30-46ft (10-14m), S 15-22ft (5-7m). Oval,
rough-textured leaves are matt-green
above, whitish-green beneath. Bears
hibiscus-like, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm)
wide, in summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

LAGURUS

Hare's tail

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

L. ovatus (Hare's-tail grass), illus. p.284.

LAMARCKIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

L. aurea (Golden top. Toothbrush grass).
Tuft-forming, annual grass. H and S 8in
(20cm). Wiry stems bear scattered, pale
green leaves and, in summer, erect, dense,
one-sided, golden panicles. Needs sun.
H7-1.

LAMIUM

Deadnettle

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
perennials, most of which are
semievergreen, including a number of
weeds; some species make useful

groundcover. Prefers full or partial shade
and moist but well-drained soil. Resents
excessive winter wet. Propagate by stem-
tip cuttings of non-flowering shoots in mid¬
summer or by division in fall or early
spring.

L. galeobdolon subsp. montanum
'Florentinum', syn. L. galeobdolon
'Variegatum'. Semievergreen, carpeting
perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite.
Oval, mid-green leaves are marked with
silver. Has racemes of tubular, 2-lipped,
lemon-yellow flowers in summer. Z4-8
H8-1. 'Variegatum'. See L. galeobdolon
subsp. montanum 'Florentinum'.

L. maculatum (Spotted deadnettle).
Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial.

H 6in (15cm), S 36in (90cm). Has mauve-
tinged, often pink-flushed, mid-green
leaves with central, silvery stripes. Clusters
of hooded, mauve-pink flowers are borne
in mid-spring. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Album', illus.
p.255. 'Aureum', syn. L. maculatum
'Gold Leaf', H 8in (20cm), S 24in (60cm),
produces oval, yellow leaves with paler
white centers. Whorls of hooded, pink
flowers are borne on short stems in
summer. 'Beacon Silver' bears mauve-
tinged, silver leaves, sometimes with
narrow, green margins, and clear pale pink
flowers. 'Gold Leaf'. See L. maculatum
'Aureum'. 'White Nancy', illus. p.254.

L. orvala, illus. p.260.

LAMPRANTHUS

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of creeping, bushy, perennial
succulents and subshrubs, grown for their
daisylike flowers. Becomes woody after
several years, when is best replenished. Is
good for summer bedding, particularly in
arid conditions. Leaves redden in strong
sun. Requires full sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or fall.

L. aurantiacus, syn. L. glaucoides, illus.
p.496.

L. deltoides. See Oscularia deltoides.

L. glaucoides. See L. aurantiacus.

L. haworthii. Erect to creeping, perennial
succulent. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite. Has
cylindrical, blue-gray leaves, 2in (5cm)
long. In spring bears masses of daisylike,
cerise flowers, 3in (7cm) across, that only
open in sun. Z12-15 H12-10.

L. roseus, syn. Mesembryanthemum
multiradiatum. Creeping, perennial
succulent. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
Produces solid, 3-angled, mid- to glaucous
green leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Daisylike,
dark rose-red flowers, lVdn (4cm) across,
open only in sun from spring to fall.

Z12-15 H12-10.

L. spectabilis, illus. p.484.

Lamprocapnos spectabilis. See

Dicentra spectabilis.

Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba. See

Dicentra spectabilis f. alba.

LANTANA

Shrub verbena

VERBENACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown for their flowers. Needs full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Tip-

LARIX

prune young plants to promote a bushy
habit and more flowering stems. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Red spider mite and whitefly may
be troublesome. ® All parts may cause
severe discomfort if ingested, and contact
with foliage may irritate skin.

L. camara. Evergreen, rounded to
spreading shrub. H and S 3—6ft (l-2m).
Bears oval, finely wrinkled, deep green
leaves. From spring to fall, tiny, tubular,
5-lobed flowers, in dense, domed heads,
open yellow, then turn red. Many color
forms have been selected. Zll H12-1.
Lucky Series Lucky Honey Blush
('Baluclush'), illus. p.301.

L. delicatissima. See L. montevidensis.

L. montevidensis, syn. L. delicatissima,

L. sellowiana (Weeping lantana) illus. p.310.
L. sellowiana. See L. montevidensis.

L. 'Spreading Sunset', illus. p.325.

LAPAGERIA

PHI LESIACEAE/LILIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber, grown for its
large, waxy blooms. Requires partial shade
and rich, well-drained soil. Water
moderately when in full growth, scarcely at
all at other times. Provide support. Thin out
congested growth in spring. Propagate in
spring by seed, soaked for 2 days before
sowing, or in spring or fall by layering.

L. rosea (Chilean bellflower), illus. p.202.
var. albiflora is an evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m).
Has oblong to oval, leathery, dark green
leaves. From summer to late fall bears
pendent, fleshy, narrowly bell-shaped,
white flowers. Z10-11 H12-10.

Lapeirousia cruenta. See Anomatheca
laxa.

Lapeirousia laxa. See Anomatheca laxa.

LARDIZABALA

LARDIZABALACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their foliage.
Male and female flowers are produced
on the same plant in late fall to winter. Is
useful for growing on trellises or pergolas.
Needs sun or partial shade and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by stem cuttings in late summer or fall.

L. biternata. See L. funaria.

L. funaria, syn. L. biternata. Evergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining climber. H 10-12ft
(3-4m). Rounded leaves have broadly oval,
leathery, dark green leaflets. In winter
produces brown flowers with tiny, whitish
petals, the males in drooping spikes, the
females solitary. In winter-spring bears
many-seeded, berry-like, purple fruits,

2-3in (5-8cm) long.

LARIX

Larch

PINACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

L. decidua (European larch), syn.

L. europaea, illus. p.97.

L. europaea. See L. decidua.

L. kaempferi (Japanese larch), syn.

L. leptolepis. Fast-growing, deciduous,
columnar conifer with a conical tip.

H 80-100ft (25-30m), S 15-25ft (5-8m).

617

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LATHRAEA

Shoots are purplish-red and leaves are
needlelike, flattened, grayish-green or
bluish. Small cones have reflexed scales.
Z5-7 H7-4.

L. leptolepis. See L. kaempferi.

LATHRAEA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of spreading perennials that grow
as parasites on the roots of trees, in the
case of L. clandestina on willow or poplar.
True leaves are not produced. Needs partial
shade cast by host tree and prefers moist
conditions. Roots resent being disturbed.
Propagate by seed when fresh, in late
summer.

L. clandestina (Toothwort), illus. p.260.

LATHYRUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, many
of them tendril climbers, grown for their
racemes of flowers. Flowers are followed
by long, thin seed pods. Needs full light
and rich, fertile, well-drained soil. Provide
support and remove dead flowers
regularly. Cut down perennials in late fall.
Propagate annuals by seed (soaked before
sowing) in early spring or early fall,
perennials by seed in fall or by division
in spring. Botrytis and mildew may cause
problems. 0 Seeds may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

L. grandiflorus (Everlasting pea).
Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 5ft (1.5m).
Has unwinged stems, and neat racemes of
pink-purple and red flowers in summer.

L Z6-9 H9-5.

L. latifolius (Everlasting pea. Perennial
pea), illus. p.201.

L. magellanicus. See L. nervosus.

L. nervosus , syn. L. magellanicus (Blue
pea). Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 15ft
(5m). Gray-green leaves each have a pair of
leaflets, a 3-branched tendril and large
stipules. Fragrant, purplish-blue flowers
are borne in long-stalked racemes in
summer. Z3-10 H10-1.

L. odoratus (Sweet pea). Moderately fast¬
growing, annual, tendril climber. H to 10ft
(3m). Has oval, mid-green leaves with
tendrils. Scented flowers are produced in
shades of pink, blue, purple or white, from
summer to early fall. Dwarf, non-climbing
cultivars are available. Z9-10 H8-1. 'Barry
Dare', illus. p.202. 'Bijou', H and S 18in
(45cm), has large flowers in shades of pink,
red or blue. 'Charles Unwin', illus. p.201.
Cupid Series 'Cupid Pink', illus. p.301.
'Jayne Amanda' bears racemes of usually
4, rarely 5, rose-pink flowers, and may be
grown as a cordon or bush. 'Knee Hi',

H and S 3ft (90cm), has large flowers in
shades of pink, red, blue or white. 'Lady
Diana', illus. p.201. 'Mrs. Bernard
Jones', illus. p.201.

L. rotundifolius (Persian everlasting pea).
Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged
stems. H to 3ft (lm). Leaves each have
narrow stipules, a pair of leaflets and a
3-branched tendril. Has small racemes
of 3-8 pink to purplish flowers in summer.
Z5-10 H10-1.

L. sylvestris (Perennial pea). Herbaceous,
tendril climber with winged stems. H to 6ft
618 (2m). Leaves each have narrow stipules, a

_pair of leaflets and a terminal, branched

tendril. In summer and early fall bears
racemes of 4-10 rose-pink flowers, marked
with green and purple. Z6-9 H9-6.

L. vernuSr syn. Orobus vernus (Spring
vetchling), illus. p.260. 'Alboroseus' is a
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). In spring, slender stems each bear
3-5 white-and-deep-pink flowers. Has
fernlike, much-divided, soft leaves.

LAURELIA

MONIMIACEAE/ATHEROSPERMATACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their aromatic foliage. Requires
sun or partial shade amd tolerates any
but very dry soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

L. sempervirens, syn. L. serrata.
Evergreen, broadly conical tree or shrub.

H and S to 50ft (15m). Oval, leathery leaves
are glossy, dark green and very aromatic.
In summer bears small, inconspicuous
flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

L. serrata. See L. sempervirens.

LAURUS

LAURACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage. Needs a sheltered position in sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. In tubs may be grown well as
standards, which should be trimmed
during summer. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

L. nobilis (Bay laurel. Sweet bay), illus. p.80.

LAVANDULA

Lavender

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs, with entire or divided,
often gray-green leaves, grown for their
aromatic foliage and flowers. Makes an
effective, low hedge. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Trim hedges
lightly in spring to maintain a compact
habit. New growth is rarely produced from
old wood. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer. See also feature panel p.158.

L. angustifolia (English lavender).
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 16-32in
(40-80cm), S 16-24in (40-60cm). Has linear
to narrowly ovate, aromatic, gray-felted
leaves. In mid-summer produces small,
fragrant, compact, violet-blue, sometimes
pink or white flower spikes, on stalks
4-12in (10-30cm) long. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Batlad'
see L.a. Little Lady. 'Clarmo' see L.a. Little
Lottie. 'Hidcote', syn. L. 'Hidcote' (illus.
p.158), H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm), has
dense spikes of deep purple flowers from
mid- to late summer and silvery-gray
leaves. 'Imperial Gem' (illus. p.158),

H and S 2ft (60cm). has narrowly oblong,
silvery-gray leaves and produces dense
spikes of tiny, deep purple flowers from
mid- to late summer. Little Lady
('Batlad'), illus. p.158, H 26in (65cm),

S 32in (80cm), has a compact, erect habit,
gray- to sage-green leaves and bears
abundant spikes of white-centered, dark
violet flowers from summer to early fall.
Little Lottie ('Clarmo'), illus. p.158,

H 16in (40cm), S 26in (65cm), is a neat,
domed shrub, spreading with age, with
bright gray-green leaves and dense spikes

of pale mauve-pink flowers with bluish
stripes down center of each corolla lobe.
'Lodden Blue' (illus. p.158), H 16in (40cm),
bears lilac-blue flowers. 'Lodden Pink',

H to 30in (75cm), has pale pink flowers.
'Miss Katherine' (illus. p.158) bears deep
pink flowers. 'Munstead', H and S 24in
(60cm), has gray-green leaves and blue
flowers from mid- to late summer. Z5-8
H8-3. 'Nana Alba', H to 12in (30cm),
produces white flowers. 'Old English
Lavender', H to 20in (50cm), has purple
flowers borne on long, erect stems.

'Wendy Carlile' (illus. p.158), H 12in
(30cm), is similar to L.a. 'Nana Alba', but
has a more erect, uniform habit.

L. x chaytoriae 'Richard Gray'
Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and
S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, silvery-
gray leaves. Cylindrical spikes of deep
purple flowers are borne in summer.
'Sawyers' (illus. p.158), H 24in (60cm), has
large, more pointed, deep purple flower
spikes.

L. dentata (Fringed lavender). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Aromatic
leaves are fernlike, toothed and gray-green.
Dense spikes of small, slightly fragrant,
tubular, lavender-blue flowers and purple
bracts are borne from mid- to late summer.
Z5-9 H9-4.

L. 'Fathead', illus. p.158. Evergreen,
robust, rounded, bushy shrub. H 20in
(50cm), S 24in (60cm). Has linear, aromatic,
mid- to dark green leaves and dark violet
flower spikes, with large, petal-like,
reddish-purple, terminal bracts, borne
on dark green stalks to 5in (12cm) long.
Flowers from late spring through summer
if deadheaded regularly.

L. 'Grappenhall'. See L. x intermedia
'Pale Pretender'.

L. 'Helmsdale', illus. p.158. Evergreen,
robust, rounded shrub. H 28in (70cm),

S 43in (110cm). Has linear, aromatic, mid-
to dark leaves. Bright green stalks, to 5in
(12cm) long, bear dark violet flower spikes
with reddish-purple bracts. Flowers from
mid-spring through summer if deadheaded
regularly.

L. 'Hidcote'. See L. angustifolia 'Hidcote'.
L. x intermedia (L. angustifolia x L. latifolia ;
Lavandin). Evergreen, spreading shrub.

H 32-56in (80-140cm), S 28-36in (70-90cm).
Has narrowly elliptic to obovate, very
aromatic, silver- to greenish-gray leaves,
covered in fine, silvery-gray hairs. From
mid-summer to early fall, long, sometimes
branched, stalks, 8-28in (20-70cm) long,
bear spikes of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue
to white flowers, with green to dark violet
calyces. Is the main source of commercial
lavender, lavandine. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Alba'

(illus. p.158) is a vigorous, erect shrub with
white flowers, occasionally tinted pale
purple. 'Grappenhall'. See L. x intermedia
'Pale Pretender '.'Hidcote Giant', H to 4ft
(1.2m), has dense spikes of deep lavender-
blue flowers. 'Pale Pretender', syn. L.
'Grappenhall', L. x intermedia 'Grappenhall',
H to 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m), produces blue-
purple flowers.

L. lanata, illus. p.158. Evergreen, bushy
shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Young shoots
and linear leaves are covered with whitish
"wool." Produces strongly fragrant,
tubular, bright violet flowers on erect
spikes in summer. Z8-9 H8-1.

L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata.

Evergreen, clump-forming shrub. H and
S 20-32in (50-80cm). Ascending branches
bear linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves
covered with greenish-gray hairs. In spring
and summer, compact, deep purple flower
spikes, with dark purple apical terminal
bracts, are borne on stalks 12in (30cm)
long, subsp. pedunculata 'James
Compton' (illus. p.158), H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm), has purple-margined, green
stalks, to 8in (20cm) long, bearing dark
purple flower spikes with dark purplish-
mauve, apical bracts. Flowers from mid¬
spring to summer if regularly deadheaded.
L. 'Regal Splendour', illus. p.158.
Evergreen, erect shrub. H 28in (70cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, bright
green leaves. Dark violet-blue flower
spikes, with dark purple, apical terminal
bracts, are produced on stems to 5in (12cm)
long. Flowers from mid-spring to summer
if regularly deadheaded.

L. stoechas (French lavender), illus. p.157.
Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 8-28in
(20-70cm). Has linear, gray-green leaves,
with soft, white hairs. From mid-spring to
fall (if regularly deadheaded) produces
fragrant, dark violet-purple flower spikes,
with purplish-violet apical terminal bracts,
on stalks to lHin (3cm) long. f. rosea
produces pink to rose-red flowers and
reddish-purple bracts, f. rosea 'Kew Red'
(illus. p.158), H and S 18in (45cm), is a
compact, upright cultivar with mid- to gray-
green leaves and pale green, purple-flushed
stalks, lV4-2in (3-5cm) long, bearing
rounded, cerise-crimson flower spikes with
soft pink bracts, subsp. stoechas f.
leucantha has white flowers, subsp.
stoechas f. leucantha 'Snowman' (illus.
p.158), H and S 20in (50cm), is a compact
shrub with numerous short, dense spikes of
small, white flowers, topped by white bracts,
in summer. Leaves are strongly aromatic.

L. 'Willow Vale', illus. p.158. Evergreen,
compact shrub. H and S 20-28in (50-70cm).
Has linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves and
bears long spikes of purple flowers, with
wavy or crinkly flower bracts, in summer.

LAVATERA

Mallow

MALVACEAE

Genus of mainly summer-flowering
annuals, biennials, perennials and
semievergreen subshrubs and shrubs.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
perennials, subshrubs and shrubs by
softwood cuttings in early spring or
summer, annuals and biennials by seed
in spring or early fall.

L. assurgentiflora, illus. p.133.

L. cachemiriana, syn. L. cachemirica.
Semievergreen, woody-based perennial
or subshrub. H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 3ft (lm).
Wiry stems bear panicles of trumpet¬
shaped, silky, clear pink flowers in summer
and ivy-shaped, downy, mid-green leaves.
Z4-9 H9-1.

L. cachemirica. See L. cachemiriana.

L. x clementii. 'Barnsley' Vigorous,
semievergreen subshrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
Mid-green, palmate leaves have 3-5 lobes.
Throughout summer bears profuse clusters
of open funnel-shaped, red-eyed, white
flowers, aging to soft pink, with deeply
notched petals. Z6-9 H9-5. 'Rosea', syn.

L. olbia 'Rosea', illus. p.136.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

L. olbia 'Rosea'. See L. x clementii
'Rosea'.

L. trimestris 'Mont Blanc', illus. p.299.
'Silver Cup', illus. p.305.

LAYIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, useful for hot, dry places.
Needs sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall.

L. elegans. See L. platyglossa.

L. platyglossa, syn. L. elegans (Tidy tips).
Fast-growing, upright, bushy annual.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance¬
shaped, grayish-green leaves. Daisylike
flower heads, 2in (5cm) wide, with white-
tipped, yellow ray petals and yellow
centers, are produced from early summer
to early fall. Is suitable for cut flowers.
H12-6.

Lechenaultia. See Leschenaultia.

LEDEBOURIA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, some of which are
evergreen, with ornamental, narrowly
lance-shaped leaves. Produces very small
flowers with reflexed tips. Makes good
pot plants in cool greenhouses. Needs full
light, to allow leaf marks to develop well,
and loose, open soil. Propagate by offsets
in spring.

L. cooperi , syn. Scilla adlamii, Scilla
cooperi. Summer-flowering bulb. H 2-4in
(5-10cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Semierect,
green, basal leaves, with brownish-purple
stripes, die away in winter. Stem bears
short spike of small, bell-shaped, greenish-
purple flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.

L. socialis, syn. Scilla socialis, Scilla
violacea, illus. p.421.

LEDUM

ERICACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their aromatic foliage and small, white
flowers. Needs full or partial shade and
moist, peaty, acid soil. Benefits from dead¬
heading. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

L. groenlandicum (Labrador tea), illus.
p.145.

LEIOPHYLLUM

ERICACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub
with an extensive, spreading root system.
Prefers partial shade and well-drained,
peaty, acid soil. Top-dress regularly with
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

L. buxifolium (Sand myrtle). Evergreen,
dome-shaped shrub. H lOin (25cm), S 18in
(45cm). Stems are covered with tiny, oval,
leathery, dark green leaves. In late spring,
terminal clusters of deep pink buds develop
into small, star-shaped, white flowers, with
prominent stamens. Z6-8 H8-6.

Lemairocereus euphorbioides.

See Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides.

Lemairocereus marginatus. See

Pachycereus marginatus.

Lemairocereus thurberi. See

Stenocereus thurberi.

Lemboglossum bictoniense. See

Rhynchostele bictoniensis.

Lemboglossum cervantesii. See

Rhynchostele cervantesii.

Lemboglossum cordatum. See

Rhynchostele cordatum.

Lemboglossum rossii. See Rhynchostele
rossii.

Lembotropis nigricans. See Cytisus
nigricans.

LEONOTIS

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen and
semievergreen perennials, subshrubs and
shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Needs full sun and rich, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, much less at
other times of year. Cut back perennials,
subshrubs and shrubs to within 6in (15cm)
of the ground in early spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in
early summer.

L. leonurus (Lion's ear), illus. p.141.

LEONTOPODIUM

Edelweiss

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of short-lived, spring-flowering,
woolly perennials, grown for their
distinctive flower heads. Is suitable for rock
gardens, containers and alpine troughs.
Requires sun, gritty, well-drained soil and
a deep collar of grit to improve surface
drainage. Shelter from prevailing, rain¬
bearing winds, because crowns are
extremely intolerant of winter wet and may
rot off. Propagate by division in spring or
by seed when fresh. Many seeds are not
viable.

L. alpinum (Edelweiss), illus. p.332.

L. stracheyi. Mound-forming, spreading,
woolly perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Star¬
shaped, glistening, white flower heads are
produced among thick, oval, silver leaves
in spring. Makes a good alpine house plant.
Z5-7 H7-5.

Leopoldia comosa. See Muscari
comosum.

LEPISMIUM

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of epiphytic and lithophytic
(growing on rocks) perennial cacti often
pendulous in habit, grown for their
cylindrical, ribbed, angled or flat, usually
segmented stems. Small, funnel- to
disc-shaped flowers are followed by
spherical, often purple or red berries.
Needs partial shade and rich, well-
drained soil. Prefers 80% relative
humidity—higher than for most cacti.

Give only occasional, very light watering
in winter. Propagate by seed or stem
cuttings in spring or summer.

L. warmingianum, syn. Rhipsalis
warmingiana. Erect, then pendent,
perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).
Has slender, notched, cylindrical, green
branches, sometimes tinged red or brown,
with 2-4 angles, and green-white flowers in
winter-spring, followed by violet berries.
Z13-15 H12-10.

LEPTINELLA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and creeping perennials
that are effective as low groundcover.

Needs full sun and moderately fertile,
sharply drained soil. Propagate by seed
as soon as ripe or by division in spring.

L. atrata, syn. Cotula atrata. Evergreen,
mat-forming perennial. H lin (2.5cm), S to
lOin (25cm). Has small, finely cut, grayish-
green leaves and blackish-red flower heads
in late spring and early summer. Is not easy
to grow successfully. Z8-9 H9-8. subsp.
luteola , illus. p.349.

LEPTOSPERMUM

Tea tree

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and small, often
profuse flowers. Grows well in coastal
areas if not too exposed. Needs full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

L. flavescens. See L. polygalifolium.

L. humifusum. See L. rupestre.

L. polygalifolium, syn. L. flavescens, illus.
p.131.

L. rupestre, syn. L. humifusum, illus.
p.151.

L. scoparium (Manuka, New Zealand tea-
tree). var. incanum 'Keatleyi' is an
evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 10ft
(3m). Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic,
gray-green leaves set off a profusion of
large, star-shaped, pale pink flowers in late
spring-summer. 'Nicholsii' produces
bronze-purple leaves and smaller, crimson
flowers. Z12-15 H12-10. 'Red Damask',
illus. p.123. 'Snow White' (New Zealand
tea-tree), illus. p.130.

LESCHENAULTIA

syn. LECHENAULTIA
GOODENIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their flowers. Needs full light and peaty,
well-drained soil with few phosphates
and nitrates. Water container plants
moderately during growing season,
sparingly at other times. Shorten over-long
stems after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Most species are not easy to grow under
glass; good ventilation is essential.

L. floribunda. Evergreen, domed, wiry-
stemmed shrub. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm).
Has narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves
and, in spring-summer, short, tubular,
pale blue flowers, with 5 angular petals,
in terminal clusters. Z12-15 H12-10.

LEUCADENDRON

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flower heads from fall to
spring and for their foliage. Needs full light
and sharply drained soil, mainly of sand
and peat, ideally with very little nitrogen
and phosphates. Water container
specimens moderately while in growth,
sparingly at other times. Propagate by seed
in spring.

L. argenteum, illus. p.451.

LEUCOCORYNE

LEUCANTHEMELLA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of hairy perennials, grown for their
daisylike flower heads in fall. Needs full sun
or partial shade and reliably moist soil.
Propagate by division or basal cuttings in
spring.

L. serotina, syn. Chrysanthemum
serotinum. Chrysanthemum ulignosum,
illus. p.220.

LEUCANTHEMOPSIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of dwarf, tufted, clump- or mat¬
forming perennials, grown for their
solitary, daisylike flower heads in summer.
Needs full sun and sharply drained soil.
Propagate by seed as soon as ripe or by
division or basal cuttings in spring.

L. alpina, syn. Chrysanthemum alpinum
(Alpine chrysanthemum). Tuft-forming,
short-lived perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in
(20cm). Small tufts of deeply cut leaves are
produced from short, rhizomatous stems.
Has large, white flower heads, with yellow
centers, in summer. Is good for a rock or
scree garden, or an alpine planter. Z6-9
H9-6.

LEUCANTHEMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
their flowers. Cultivars of L. x superbum are
valued for their profusion of large, daisylike
summer flowers. Some species are suitable
for rock gardens. Needs full sun and well-
drained soil. Taller cultivars require staking.
Propagate species by seed in spring or fall
or by division in early spring or late
summer, cultivars by division only.

L. x superbum, syn. Chrysanthemum
maximum, C. x superbum (Shasta daisy).
Robust perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Lift, divide and replant plants every 2 years
to maintain vigor. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Aglaia',
illus. p.230. 'Elizabeth' has large, solitary,
daisylike, pure white flower heads borne in
summer. 'Esther Read', illus. p.263.
'Sonnenschein', illus. p.231. 'Wirral
Pride', illus. p.246. 'Wirral Supreme' is
double with short, central florets. Z5-8
H8-1.

LEUCHTENBERGIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of one species of perennial cactus.
Looks like Agave in foliage, but its flowers,
seed pods and seeds are similar to
Ferocactus. Tubercles eventually form on
short, rough, woody stems. Needs full sun
and very well-drained soil. Keep completely
dry in winter; water sparingly from spring
to fall. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

L. principis, illus. p.490.

LEUCOCORYNE

LI LIACEAE/ALLIACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown for
their loose heads of flattish flowers. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, water
well during their growing season and keep
almost dry when dormant in summer.
Propagate by seed or offsets in fall.

619

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LEUCOGENES

L. ixioides (Glory of the sun). Spring¬
flowering bulb. H 12-16in (30-40cm), S 3-4in
(8-10cm). Has long, narrow, semierect, basal
leaves that are withered by flowering time.
Wiry, slender flower stem has a loose head
of up to 10 lilac-blue flowers. Z12-14 H8-1.

LEUCOGENES

New Zealand edelweiss
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-based
perennials, grown mainly for their foliage. Is
excellent for alpine houses in areas where
summers are cool. Needs sun and gritty,
well-drained, peaty soil. Resents winter wet
and may be difficult to grow. Propagate by
seed when fresh or by softwood cuttings in
late spring or early summer.

L. grandiceps , illus. p.356.

L. leontopodium, syn. Raoulia
leontopodium (North Island edelweiss).
Evergreen, rosetted perennial. H and S 5in
(12cm). Has oblong to oval, overlapping,
silvery-white to yellowish leaves. In early
summer produces up to 15 small, star¬
shaped, woolly, silvery-white flower heads
surrounded by thick, felted, white bracts.
Z7-8 H8-7.

LEUCOJUM

Snowflake
AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent,
bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or
spring. Some species prefer a moist,
partially shaded site, others do best in sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by division
L in spring or early fall or by seed in fall.

L. aestivum, illus. p.436.

L. autumnale. See Acis autumnalis.

L. roseum. See Acis rosea.

L. vernum , illus. p.414.

LEUCOPHYTA

Cushion bush
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials
and small shrubs, often used as summer
bedding. Requires full light and well-drained
soil. Water container plants moderately
when in full growth, sparingly at other
times. Remove tips to promote a bushy
habit. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late
summer. Botrytis may be troublesome if
plants are kept too cool and damp in winter.
L. brownii, syn. Calocephalus brownii,
illus. p.315.

LEUCOPOGON

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs,
suitable for rock gardens and peat beds.
Needs a sheltered, shaded site and gritty,
moist, peaty soil. Propagate in summer
by seed or semiripe cuttings.

L. colensoi , syn. Cyathodes colensoi, illus.
p.346.

LEUCOSPERMUM

Pincushion

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
620 flower heads. Requires full light and sandy,
well-drained soil with few phosphates and

nitrates. Water container specimens
moderately when in growth, sparingly at
other times. Propagate by seed in spring. Is
not easy to cultivate long term under glass;
good ventilation is essential.

L. cordifolium, syn. L. nutans. Evergreen,
rounded to spreading, well-branched shrub.
H and S 4ft (1.2m). Elongated, heart-shaped,
blue-gray leaves each have a 3-toothed tip.

In summer, very slender, tubular, brick-red
to orange flowers, each with a long style,
are borne in tight heads that resemble single
blooms. Z12-15 H12-10.

L. nutans. See L. cordifolium.

L. reflexum , illus. p.456.

LEUCOTHOE

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous shrubs, grown for their white
flowers and their foliage. Needs full or
partial shade and moist, peaty, acid soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
L. catesbaei. See L. fontanesiana.

L. fontanesiana, syn. L. catesbaei , L.
walteri (Drooping leucothoe, Fetterbush).
Evergreen, arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 10ft (3m). Lance-shaped, leathery, glossy,
dark green leaves have long points and
sharp teeth. Short racemes of small, urn¬
shaped, white flowers are borne beneath
shoots from mid- to late spring. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Rainbow', illus. p.167. Scarletta
('Zeblid') has dark red-purple young
foliage, which turns dark green, then
bronze in winter. Z5-8 H8-3. 'Zeblid' see
L.f. Scarletta.

L. keiskei. Evergreen shrub with erect
or semiprocumbent stems. H 6-24in
(15-60cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Oval,
thin-textured, glossy, dark green leaves
have a red flush when young and leathery
appearance. Bears pendent, urn-shaped,
white flowers from leaf axils in summer. Is
good for a rock garden, peat bed or alpine
house. Prefers mild, damp climates. Z6-8
H8-6.

L. walteri. See L. fontanesiana.

LEWISIA

PORTULACACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, with rosettes of succulent leaves
and deep tap roots. Most species are good
in alpine houses, troughs and rock gardens.
Evergreen species need partial shade and
rich, moist or well-drained, neutral to acid
soil and resent water in their rosettes at all
times. Herbaceous species shed their leaves
in summer and require sun and well-
drained, neutral to acid soil; dry off after
flowering. Propagate herbaceous species
by seed in spring or fall, evergreen species
by seed in spring or by offsets in summer.
Seed of L. Cotyledon Hybrids may not
come true.

L. Columbiana. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more, S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Bears thick, narrowly oblong,
flat, glossy, green leaves and, in early
summer, terminal sprays of small, cup¬
shaped, deeply veined, white to deep pink
flowers. Prefers moist soil. Z4-8 H8-3.

L. Cotyledon Hybrids, illus. p.340.

L. 'George Henley', illus. p.338.

L. nevadensis. Loose, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 172-2%in (4-6cm), S 3in (8cm).

In summer, large, almost stemless, cup¬
shaped, white flowers are borne above
small clusters of strap-shaped, dark green
leaves. Z3-4 H4-1.

L. rediviva, [pink form] illus. p.365; [white
form] illus. p.360.

L. tweedyi, syn. Lewisiopsis tweedi,
Cistanthe tweedyi, illus. p.351.

Lewisiopsis tweedi. See Lewisia
tweedyi.

LEYCESTERIA

CAPRI FOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their showy flower clusters. Needs full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed or
division in fall.

L. formosa (Himalayan honeysuckle).
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
Has blue-green shoots and slender, oval,
dark green leaves. In summer and early fall,
small, funnel-shaped, white flowers are
produced at tip of each pendent cluster
of purplish-red bracts and are followed by
spherical, reddish-purple fruits. Cut weak
shoots to ground level in early spring. Z7-9
H9-6.

LEYMUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
and SEDGES.

L. arenarius, syn. Elymus arenarius.
Vigorous, spreading, herbaceous,
rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 5ft
(1.5m), S indefinite. Has broad, glaucous
leaves. Produces sturdy, terminal spikes
of grayish-green flowers on erect stems in
late summer. Is useful for binding coastal
dunes. Z4-10 H10-1.

LIATRIS

Blazing star,\ Gayfeather
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
with thickened, corm-like rootstocks,
grown for their flowers. Prefers sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in spring.

L. callilepis of gardens. See L. spicata.
L. pycnostachya (Kansas gayfeather).
Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 1ft (30cm). In summer bears tall spikes
of clustered, feathery, mauve-pink flower
heads. Grasslike, dark green leaves form
basal tufts. Z3-9 H9-2.

L. spicata, syn. L. callilepis (Gayfeather,
Spike blazing star), illus. p.438.

LIBERTIA

I Rl DACEAE ~

Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown
for their foliage, decorative seed pods
and flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny or
partially shaded site and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall or spring.

L. grandiflora, illus. p.230.

L. ixioides. Clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces
panicles of saucer-shaped, white flowers in
summer. Grasslike, dark green leaves turn
orange-brown in winter. 'Goldfinger',
illus. p.277.

Libocedrus chilensis. See

Austrocedrus chilensis.

Libocedrus decurrens. See Calocedrus
decurrens.

Libonia floribunda. See Justicia rizzinii.

LIGULARIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
foliage and large, daisylike flower heads.
Needs sun or partial shade and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall or spring. Is
prone to damage by slugs and snails.

L. 'Britt Marie Crawford', illus. p.445.

L. clivorum 'Desdemona'. See L. dentata
'Desdemona'.

L. dentata 'Desdemona', syn. L.
clivorum 'Desdemona'. Compact, clump¬
forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-stalked,
leathery, basal, dark brownish-green
leaves, almost mahogany beneath. Bears
terminal clusters of large, daisylike, vivid
orange flower heads on branching stems
from mid- to late summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

L. 'Gregynog Gold'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
are large, heart-shaped and deep green.
Conical panicles of daisylike, orange-yellow
flower heads are borne from mid- to late
summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

L. przewalskii, syn. Senecio przewalskii ,
illus. p.445.

L. stenocephala. Loosely clump-forming
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m) or more, S 2ft
(60cm). Has rounded, jagged-edged, mid¬
green leaves. Large heads of daisylike,
yellow-orange flowers are borne on
purplish stems from mid- to late summer.
Z4-8 H8-1.

L. 'The Rocket', illus. p.219.

L. tussilaginea. See Farfugium
japonicum.

LIGUSTRUM

Privet

OLEACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their foliage and, in some species,
flowers. Requires sun or partial shade,
the variegated forms doing best in full
sun. Thrives on any well-drained soil,
including chalky soil. All except L.
lucidum occasionally need cutting back
in mid-spring to restrict growth.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

L. japonicum (Japanese privet).
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),
S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, glossy, very dark
green leaves and, from mid-summer to
early fall, large, conical panicles of small,
tubular, white flowers with lobes. Z7-10
H10-7. 'Coriaceum'. See L. japonicum
'Rotundifolium'. 'Rotundifolium', syn.

L. japonicum 'Coriaceum' is slow-growing,
and produces a dense mass of rounded,
leathery leaves.

L. lucidum (Chinese privet). Evergreen,
upright shrub or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft
(8m). Bears large, oval, glossy, dark green
leaves. Produces large panicles of small,
tubular, white flowers, with 4 lobes, in
late summer and early fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

'Excelsum Superbum' has bright green
leaves, marked with pale green and yellow-
edged. Z8-11 H12-8.

L. ovalifolium (Privet), illus. p.119.
'Aureum' is a vigorous, evergreen
or semievergreen, upright, dense shrub.

H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, glossy, mid¬
green leaves are broadly edged bright
yellow. Dense panicles of small, rather
unpleasantly scented, tubular, white
flowers, with 4 lobes, in mid-summer are
followed by spherical, black fruits. Cut back
hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting and
prune hard for first 2 years; then trim as
necessary in growing season. Z6-10 H10-9.
L. sinense, illus. p.112.

L. x vicaryi. See L. 'Vicaryi'.

L. 'Vicaryi', syn. L. x vicaryi , illus. p.140.

L. vulgare (Common privet). Deciduous
or semievergreen, bushy shrub. H and
S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. Produces panicles of
small, strongly scented, tubular, white
flowers, with 4 lobes, from early to mid¬
summer, then spherical, black fruits. Cut
back hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting
and prune hard for first 2 years; then trim
as necessary in growing season. Z5-8
H8-5. 'Aureum', H and S 6ft (2m), has
golden-yellow foliage.

LILIUM

Lily

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly summer-flowering bulbs,
grown for their often fragrant, brightly
colored flowers. Each fleshy-scaled bulb
produces one unbranched, leafy stem, in
some cases with annual roots in lower part.
Mostly lance-shaped or linear leaves, to
9in (22cm) long, are scattered or in whorls,
sometimes with bulbils in axils. Flowers,
usually several per stem, are mainly
trumpet- to bowl-shaped or with the
6 petals strongly reflexed to form a
turkscap shape. (Petals of Lilium are known
botanically as perianth segments.) Three
categories of flower size—small, medium
and large—are used in the descriptions
below. For turkscap, bowl-, cup-, and star¬
shaped flowers: small is up to 2in (5cm)
across; medium is 2-3in (5-7cm) across;
large is over 3in (7cm) across. For trumpet-
and funnel-shaped flowers: small is up to
3in (7cm) long; medium is 3-4in (7-10cm)
long; large is over 4in (10cm) long. Each
plant has a spread of up to 12in (30cm).
Needs sun and well-drained soil, unless
otherwise stated. Propagate by seed in fall
or spring, by bulb scales in summer or by
stem bulbils in fall. Virus, fungal diseases,
and lily beetle may cause problems. Lilies
are classified into 9 divisions. See feature
panel pp.388-91.

Division 1 (Asiatic hybrids)

These lilies are derived from various Asiatic
species, including L. bulbiferum, L.
cernuum, L. concolor, L. davidii , L.
lancifolium and L. x maculatum. The flowers
are borne in racemes or umbels, and are
usually unscented. The leaves are narrowly
ovate and arranged alternatively. There are
3 subdivisions: la) upward-facing flowers;
lb) outward-facing flowers; lc) pendent
flowers.

Division 2 (Martagon hybrids)

Derived primarily from L. hansonii and L.
martagon, these lilies produce racemes of

turkscap, sometimes scented flowers, and
have whorls of elliptic leaves.

Division 3 (Candidum hybrids)

Derived from L. candicum and other
European species, except L. martagon,
these lilies produce sometimes scented,
mostly turkscap flowers, singly or in
umbels or racemes. Leaves are elliptic,
and spirally arranged or scattered.
Division 4 (American hybrids)

Derived from American species, these lilies
bear racemes of sometimes scented, mostly
turkscap, but occasionally funnel-shaped
flowers, and have whorls of lance-shaped
to elliptic leaves.

Division 5 (Longiflorum hybrids)

Derived from L. formosanum and L.
longiflorum, these lilies bear racemes or
umbels of large, often sweetly scented,
trumpet- or funnel-shaped flowers,
sometimes only 2 or 3 per stem. Leaves
are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, and
scattered.

Division 6 (Trumpet and Aurelian
hybrids)

Derived from Asiatic species, including
L. regale, L. henryi and L. sargentiae, these
lilies bear racemes or umbels of usually
scented flowers. Leaves are elliptic to linear,
and alternate or spirally arranged. There are
4 subdivisions: 6a) trumpet-shaped flowers;
6b) bowl-shaped flowers; 6c) very shallowly
bowl-shaped flowers, some almost flat; 6d)
distinctly recurved flowers.

Division 7 (Oriental hybrids)

Derived from E. Asian species, such as
L. auratum, L. japonicum and L. speciosum,
as well as their hybrids with L. henryi,
these lilies have flowers borne in racemes
or panicles, and are often scented. Leaves
are lance-shaped and alternate. There are 4
subdivisions: 7a) trumpet-shaped flowers;
7b) bowl-shaped flowers; 7c) flat or very
shallowly bowl-shaped flowers; 7d)
turkscap or various recurved flowers.
Division 8. Other hybrids
Division 9. All true species.

L. African Queen Group, illus. p.391.
Summer-flowering Division 6 lily. H 3ft
(lm). Produces 3 large, fragrant flowers,
brownish-purple outside and apricot-
orange on the inside, with recurved petals.
Z5-8 H8-5.

L. 'Altari', illus. p.388. Summer-flowering
Division 5 and 7 crossbred lily. H 3ft (lm).
Highly scented, white flowers have
cranberry-red inner throats.

L. amabile. Summer-flowering Division 9
lily with stem roots. H 1—3ft (30cm-lm).
Scattered leaves are lance-shaped. Has up
to 10 unpleasant-smelling, nodding,
turkscap, black-spotted, red flowers; each
petal is 2-2V4in (5-5.5cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.
L. 'Amber Gold'. Summer-flowering
Division lc lily. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m). Has
medium-sized, nodding, turkscap, deep
yellow flowers, each with maroon spots in
throat. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Angela North'. Mid-summer¬
flowering Division lc lily. H to 3ft (lm). Has
medium-sized, slightly fragrant, dark red
flowers, spotted darker red, that have
strongly recurved petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Apollo', illus. p.391. Summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Has downward¬
facing, turkscap, pale orange flowers with
strongly reflexed petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Arena', illus. p.388. Vigorous, summer¬
flowering Division 7b lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped to
slightly trumpet-shaped, recurving,
greenish- to yellowish-white flowers have
deep red central veining on the insides and
yellow-green throats with deep red spots.

L. auratum (Golden-rayed lily of Japan).
Summer- and fall-flowering Division 9 lily
with stem roots. H 2—5ft (60cm-1.5m).

Has long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves.
Produces up to 10, sometimes more,
fragrant, outward-facing, widely bowl¬
shaped, white flowers; each petal is 5-7in
(12-18cm) long with a central, red or yellow
band and often red or yellow spots.
Requires partial shade and neutral to acid
soil. Z3-8 H8-1. var. platyphyllum (illus.
p.388) has broader leaves; petals have a
central, yellow band and fewer spots.

Z5-8 H8-1.

L. 'Black Beauty'. Summer-flowering
Division 7d lily. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Has
medium-sized, outward-facing, flattish,
green-centered, very deep red flowers with
recurved, white-margined petals. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. 'Black Dragon'. Summer-flowering
Division 6a lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Has large,
outward-facing, trumpet-shaped flowers
with dark purplish-red outsides and white
insides. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Black Magic', illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 6a lily. H 4-6ft (1.2-2m).
Scented, outward-facing, trumpet-shaped
flowers are purplish-brown outside and
white inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Black Out', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division lb lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Glossy, dark red flowers have black-red
throats, with tiny, black spots.

L. 'Black Pearl'. Summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 3ft (lm). Bears deep
purple-red flowers.

L. 'Bonfire'. Late summer-flowering
Division 7b lily. H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m). Produces
outward-facing, bowl-shaped flowers with
broad petals, white outside flushed with
pink, and dark crimson inside, spotted
paler crimson. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Boogie Woogie', illus. p.390.
Summer-flowering Division 5 and 6
crossbred Orienpet lily. H 3ft (lm). Bears
large, fragrant flowers with recurved,
pink-edged, yellow petals.

L. 'Bright Star', illus. p.390. Summer¬
flowering Division 6b lily. H 3—5ft (1-1.5m).
Has large, flattish, white flowers; petals
have recurved tips and central, orange
streak inside. Z5-8 H8-1.

L. 'Brocade'. Early summer-flowering
Division 2 lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Produces
nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers,
suffused rosy-pink, with purple-red spots
on insides of recurved petals.

L. 'Bronwen North'. Mid-summer¬
flowering Division lc lily. H to 3ft (lm).

Each stem bears 7 or more medium-sized,
slightly fragrant flowers with strongly
recurving, pale mauve-pink petals, paler at
the tips, and pale pink throats with dark
spots and lines; nectaries are reddish-black.
Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Brushmarks'. Early summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 472ft (1.35m).
Large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, orange
flowers are green-throated. Petals have
deep red blotches and sometimes spots.
Z3-8 H8-1.

LILIUM

L. bulbiferum (Fire lily. Orange lily).
Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
roots. H 16in-5ft (40cm-1.5m). Stem bears
scattered, lance-shaped leaves and, usually,
bulbils in leaf axils. Bears 1-5 or more
upward-facing, shallowly cup-shaped,
orange-red flowers. Each petal is 272-3V4in
(6-8.5cm) long and spotted black or deep
red. Z3-8 H8-1. var. croceum (illus. p.391)
has orange flowers and does not normally
bear bulbils.

L. 'California Gold'. Vigorous, summer¬
flowering Division 6a lily. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m).
Produces sprays of outward-facing,
trumpet- to bowl-shaped, deep lemon-
yellow flowers, with the reverses of the
gently recurving petals bronze-green.

L. canadense (Canada lily. Meadow lily.
Wild yellow lily), illus. p.390. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly to broadly lance¬
shaped leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears
about 10 nodding, bell-shaped, yellow or
red flowers; each petal is 2-3in (5-8cm)
long, with dark red or purple spots in
lower part. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. candidum (Madonna lily). Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily. H 3—6ft (l-2m).
Flower stem bears scattered, lance-shaped
leaves and 5-20 fragrant, outward-facing,
broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers. Each
petal is 2-3in (5-8cm) long with yellow base
and slightly recurved tip. In fall bears basal
leaves, which remain throughout winter
but die off as flowering stems mature.
Prefers lime-rich soil. Z6-9 H9-6.

L. carniolicum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp.
camiolicum.

L. 'Casa Blanca', illus. p.388. Late
summer-flowering Division 7b lily. H 3ft
(90cm). Large, waxy, white flowers have
yellowish-white midribs and violet-red
nectaries. Z6-9 H9-6.

L. cernuum (Nodding lily), illus. p.389.
Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Long, linear leaves
are scattered. Produces 7-15 fragrant,
nodding, turkscap flowers, usually pinkish-
purple with purple spots. Each petal is
172-2in (3.5-5cm) long. Z2-6 H6-1.

L. chaicedonicum, syn. L. heldreichii
(Scarlet turkscap lily) illus. p.391.
Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
stem roots. H 20in-5ft (50cm-1.5m).
Leaves are scattered and mostly lance¬
shaped; lower ones are spreading,
upper ones smaller and closer to stem.
Bears up to 12 slightly scented, nodding,
turkscap flowers with red or reddish-
orange petals, 2-3in (5-7cm) long.

Z7-9 H8-1.

L. Citronella Group, illus. p.390. Mid¬
summer-flowering Division 1 lily.

H 3ft (lm). Produces nodding heads
of large, scented flowers with recurved,
black-spotted, bright yellow petals.

Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Conca d'Or', illus. p.390. Summer¬
flowering Division 5 and 6 crossbred
Orienpet lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Produces to 3
large, spicy-scented, creamy-yellow flowers
with lemon-yellow throats.

L. 'Connecticut King', illus. p.390. Early
to mid-summer-flowering Division la lily.

H 3ft (lm). Rowers are medium-sized,
upward-facing, cup-shaped and bright
yellow. Z5-8 H8-1.

L. 'Corsage'. Summer-flowering Division
lb lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears outward-facing.

621

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LI LI U (VI

bowl-shaped flowers with recurved petals,
pink-flushed outside and pink inside with
white centers and maroon spots. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. 'Cote d'Azur', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 16in (40cm).
Strong stems bear deep rose-pink flowers
with darker-spotted throats. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Cover Girl'. Summer- to early fall¬
flowering Division 7 c lily. H 5—6ft
(1.5-1.9m). Has very large, outward-
or slightly downward-facing, soft pink
flowers, with white at tips of gently
recurved petals which are centrally banded
deep pink and strongly red-spotted.

L. 'Crimson Pixie', illus. p.391. Early
summer-flowering Division la lily. H 16in
(40cm). Has umbels of upright, open bowl¬
shaped, unspotted, deep warm red-orange
flowers. Is good as a pot plant.

L. x dalhansonii. Variable, summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m).
Has unpleasant-smelling, turkscap,
chestnut-brown or dark maroon flowers
with gold spots. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. x dalhansonii 'Marhan'. See L.
'Marhan'.

L. davidii. Summer-flowering Division 9
lily with stem roots. H 3^tV2ft (1-1.4m).
Linear leaves are scattered. Produces 5-20
nodding, turkscap, red or reddish-orange
flowers; each petal is 2-3in (5-8cm) long
with dark purple spots. Z3-8 H8-1. var.
willmottiae has slender, arching stems
to 6ft (2m) and pendent flower stalks.

L. 'Destiny'. Early summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m). Flowers
are medium-sized, upward-facing, cup¬
shaped and yellow with brown spots.

L Z3-8 H8-1.

L. duchartrei. Summer-flowering
Division 9 lily. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Lance¬
shaped leaves are scattered up stems. Has
up to 12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap, white
flowers that are flushed purple outside and
spotted deep purple inside. Z7-8 H8-7.

L. 'Ed', syn. L. 'Mr. Ed'. Summer- to early
fall-flowering Division 7 lily. H 16in (40cm).
Has large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped,
greenish-white flowers, with the petals
centrally banded pale yellow and flushed
pale red, and dark red spots on one-third
of each petal.

L. 'Elodie', illus. p.389. Summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Semidouble,
pale pink flowers have dark pink-freckled
centers.

L. 'Enchantment', illus. p.391. Early
summer-flowering Division la lily. H 3ft
(lm). Produces medium-sized, upward-
facing, cup-shaped, orange-red flowers
with black-spotted throats. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Eros'. Mid-summer-flowering Division
lc lily. H 3-372ft (90cm-l.lm). Has small,
unscented, turkscap, buff flowers.

L. 'Garden Party'. Summer-flowering
Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm) Produces
large, fragrant, outward-facing, red-
speckled, white flowers with gold and red
or pink stripes in center of each petal.

L. Golden Clarion Group. Late spring-
to early summer-flowering bulb. H 3—6ft
(l-2m). Produces outward-facing, trumpet¬
shaped, pale to deep yellow flowers that
may be flushed with reddish-purple on
outside. Z5-7 H7-5.

L. Golden Splendor Group, illus. p.393.
622 L. 'Grand Cru', illus. p.391. Early

_ summer-flowering Division la lily. H 4ft

(1.2m). Has upright, open bowl-shaped,
vivid-yellow flowers, strongly red-suffused
in throats for about half petal lengths, and
with a few red spots at base internally. Is
good as a pot plant.

L. 'Gran Paradiso', illus. p.391. Mid¬
summer-flowering Division la lily. H 3ft
(lm). Produces medium-sized, unscented,
bowl-shaped, red flowers with slightly
recurved petals.

L. hansonii, illus. p.391. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 3—5ft (1-1.5m). Long leaves in whorls are
lance-shaped to oval. Has 3-12 scented,
nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers.
Each thick petal, lV4-lV2in (3-4cm) long,
has brown-purple spots towards base.

Z2-7 H7-1.

L. 'Harmony'. Summer-flowering
Division la lily. H l72-3ft (50cm-lm).
Orange flowers are upward-facing, cup¬
shaped and spotted with maroon. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. heldreichii. See L. chalcedonicum.

L. henryi, illus. p.391. Late summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 3-10ft (l-3m). Has scattered, lance¬
shaped leaves. Produces 5-20, sometimes
up to 70, nodding, turkscap, orange
flowers; petals, 272-3in (6-8cm) long, have
dark spots and prominent warts towards
bases. Prefers lime-rich soil. Z2-7 H7-1.

L. 'Holebibi'. See L. Lollypop.

L. Imperial Crimson Group. Late
summer-flowering Division 7c lily. H 5ft
(1.5m). Large, fragrant, flattish, deep
crimson flowers have white throats and
white-margined petals. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. Imperial Gold Group. Summer¬
flowering Division 7c lily. H 6ft (2m). Bears
large, fragrant, flattish, white flowers,
spotted maroon, and with yellow stripe
up each petal center. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. 'Journey's End', illus. p.389. Late
summer-flowering Division 7d lily. H 6ft
(2m). Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped,
maroon-spotted, deep pink flowers have
recurved petals, white at tips and edges.
Z5-8 H8-1.

L. 'Karen North', illus. p.391. Summer¬
flowering Division lc lily. H to 472ft (1.4m).
Turkscap flowers are medium-sized,
downward-facing, with orange-pink petals
sparsely spotted with deep pink. Z4-8
H8-1.

L. 'Lady Alice', illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Divison 8 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Pendent, turkscap flowers have recurved,
brown-speckled, cream petals with apricot-
orange centers.

L. 'Lady Bowes Lyon', illus. p.391.
Summer-flowering Division lc lily. H 3-4ft
(1-1.2m). Downward-facing, black-spotted,
red flowers have reflexed petals. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. lancifolium, syn. L. tigrinum (Tiger lily).
Summer- to early fall-flowering Division 9
lily with stem roots. H 2—5ft (60cm-1.5m).
Has long, scattered, narrowly lance-shaped
leaves. Produces 5-10, sometimes up to 40,
nodding, turkscap, pink- to red-orange
flowers; each petal, 3-4in (7-10cm) long is
purple spotted. Z2-7 H7-1. var.
flaviflorum has yellow flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.
Vigorous 'Splendens' (illus. p.391) bears
larger, brighter red-orange flowers. Z2-7
H8-1.

L. lankongense, illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H to 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are scattered
and lance-shaped. Has up to 15 scented,
nodding, turkscap, pink flowers. Petals,
l72-272in (4-6.5cm) long with central,
green stripe and red-purple spots mainly
on edges, are often mauve-flushed.

Needs partial shade in warm areas.

Z3-8 H8-1.

L. leichtlinii , illus. p.390. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H to 4ft (1.2m). Scattered leaves are linear
to narrowly lance-shaped. Produces 1-6
nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers; each
petal, 272-374in (6-8.5cm) long, has dark
reddish-purple spots. Needs partial shade.
Z2-7 H7-1.

L. 'Limelight', illus. p.390. Moderately
robust, mid-summer-flowering Division 9
lily. H 3—6ft (l-2m). Large, fragrant, slightly
pendent, trumpet-shaped, lime-yellow
flowers are flushed green, especially
outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Lime Star'. Vigorous, summer¬
flowering Division 7a/b lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Has outward-facing, bowl-shaped to
flat flowers, with recurving, white petals.
Each petal is strongly banded bright
greenish-yellow and has slightly ruffled
margins.

L. Lollypop ('Holebibi'), syn.

L. 'Lollypop'. Early summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 2ft (60cm). Has upright,
open bowl-shaped, white flowers, with
the upper parts of gently recurving
petals strongly suffused deep red.

L. longiflorum (Bermuda lily, Easter lily.
White trumpet lily), illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 1—3ft (30cm-lm). Leaves are scattered
and lance-shaped. Produces 1-6 fragrant,
outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white
flowers. Each petal, 5-8in (13-20cm) long,
has slightly recurved tip. Z7-9 H9-7.

'White American', H 3ft (lm), is a
Division 5 lily and produces white flowers
with green tips and deep yellow anthers.

Is often grown for cut flowers. 'White
Heaven' (illus. p.388), H 4ft (1.2m), is a
Division 5 lily with delicately scented,
pure white flowers.

L. 'Luxor'. Vigorous, summer-flowering
Division lb lily. H 3—5ft (90cm-1.5m).
Produces large, outward-facing, bowl¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers, slightly
darker yellow and speckled with dark red
spots on lower half of each petal.

L. mackliniae (Manipur lily), illus. p.389.
Late spring- to summer-flowering Division
9 lily with stem roots. H to 16in (40cm).
Small, narrowly lance-shaped to narrowly
oval leaves are scattered or whorled near
top of stem. Has 1-6 usually nodding,
broadly bell-shaped, purplish-pink
flowers; each petal is l 3 /4-2in (4.5-5cm)
long. Needs partial shade. Z7-8 H8-7.

L. maculatum, syn. L. thunbergianum.
Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Scattered leaves are
lance-shaped or oval. Has 1-6 upward-
facing, cup-shaped, yellow, orange or red
flowers with darker spots; each petal is
3-4in (8-10cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Magic Pink'. Early summer-flowering
Division 7b lily. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m). Large
flowers are pink with darker pink spots.
Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Marhan', syn. L. x dalhansonii
'Marhan'. Early summer-flowering Division
2 lily. H 4—6ft (1.2-2m). Medium-sized,

nodding, turkscap, deep orange flowers
are spotted red-brown. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. martagon (Martagon lily), illus. p.389.
Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
stem roots. H 3—6ft (l-2m). Has lance¬
shaped to oval leaves in whorls and up to
50 scented, nodding, turkscap flowers.
Petals are 174-l 3 Ain (3-4.5cm) long and
pink or purple, often with darker spots.
Z3-7 H7-1. var. album (illus. p.388) has
pure white flowers.

L. medeoloides , illus. p.390. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily. H to 272ft (75cm).
Has lance-shaped leaves and up to 10
turkscap, apricot to orange-red flowers,
usually with darker spots. Z3-7 H7-1.

L. 'Miss Lucy', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Produces highly fragrant, double, pinkish-
white flowers with 18 petals.

L. monadelphum , syn. L. szovitsianum ,
illus. p.390. Summer-flowering Division 9
lily with stem roots. H 172-6ft (50cm-2m).
Has scattered, lance-shaped to oval leaves.
Produces usually 1-5, sometimes up to 30,
scented, nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers,
usually with deep red or purple spots
inside. Petals are 272-4in (6-10cm) long.
Z5-8 H8-5.

L. 'Mona Lisa', illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 7b/c lily. H 18in (45cm).
Has large, shallowly bowl-shaped to flat,
light reddish-purple flowers, with ivory-
white margins suffused red, greenish petal
tips, dark red spots on lower half of each
petal and light green throats.

L. 'Mont Blanc'. Summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 3ft (90cm). Has large,
upward-facing, creamy-white flowers,
spotted with brown. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. 'Montreux'. Mid-summer-flowering
Division la lily. H 3ft (lm). Bears about 8
medium-sized, pink flowers with darker
pink midribs; orange-pink throats are
spotted with brown. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Mr. Ed'. See L. 'Ed'.

L. 'Muscadet'. Summer-flowering
Division 7 lily. H 3ft (lm). Large, fragrant,
white flowers have pink markings and
maroon spots.

L. nanum, syn. Nomocharis nana. Late
spring- or summer-flowering Division 9
lily.H 272-18in (6-45cm). Scattered leaves
are linear. Bears usually nodding, broadly
bell-shaped, purplish-pink flower, with
petals l 3 /4-2in (4.5-5cm) long. Needs partial
shade. Z3-8 H8-1. var. flavidum has pale
yellow flowers.

L. nepalense. Summer-flowering Division
9 lily with stem roots. H 28-36in (70cm-lm).
Has scattered, lance-shaped leaves.
Produces often unpleasant-smelling,
nodding, funnel-shaped, greenish-white
or greenish-yellow flowers, each with dark
reddish-purple base inside and petals to
6in (15cm) long. Z7-8 H8-7.

L. 'Netty's Pride', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division lb lily. H 2ft (60cm).
Bears dark maroon flowers with ivory-
tipped petals.

L. 'New Wave'. Early to mid-summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 2ft (60cm).
Produces large, pure white flowers with
scattered, maroon spots.

L. 'Nymph', illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Produces large, scented, white flowers
with deep pink stripes along center of
each petal.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

L. 'Olivia', illus. p.388. Late summer-
flowering Division 7b lily. H 2V*-3ft
(75cm-lm). Has medium-sized, scented,
slightly reflexed, bowl-shaped, white
flowers.

L. Olympic Group. Vigorous, summer¬
flowering Division 6a lily. H 4-6ft (1.2-2m).
Produces racemes of up to 15 large, sweetly
scented, trumpet-shaped flowers ranging
from white, greenish-white, cream and
yellow to pink and purple, often yellow in
throats. Petals are flushed pink or purplish-
red on outside.

L. 'Orange Electric', illus. p.391.
Summer-flowering Division la lily.

H 4ft (1.2m). Bears white flowers with
orange and yellow stripes and brown spots.
L. 'Orange Pixie', illus. p.391. Early
summer-flowering Division la lily.

H 10-12in (25-30cm). Has upright umbels
of open bowl-shaped, deep golden-
orange flowers. Is good as a pot plant.

L. pardalinum (Leopard lily. Panther lily),
illus. p.391. Summer-flowering Division 9
lily. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Long, narrowly elliptic
leaves are mainly in whorls. Has up to 10
often scented, nodding, turkscap flowers.
Each petal, 2-372in (5-9cm) long, has red
upper part. Orange lower parts have
maroon spots, some of which are encircled
with yellow. Z5-8 H8-5. subsp. wigginsii,
illus. p.390. H 3-4ft (90-120cm). Linear-
lance-shaped, deep green leaves are
scattered and in 2-4 whorls roughly
halfway up hairless stems. Produces few-
flowered racemes of unscented, pendent,
turkscap, deep yellow flowers, with purple
spots. Needs moist acid soil, and partial or
dappled shade.

L. Pink Perfection Group. Summer¬
flowering Division 6a lily with sturdy
stems. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Produces large,
scented, slightly nodding, trumpet-shaped
flowers, deep purplish-red or purple-pink
flowers, with bright orange anthers. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. 'Pink Tiger'. Vigorous, late summer¬
flowering Division lb lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
Produces medium-sized, unscented,
turkscap, pink flowers.

L. pomponium, illus. p.391. Slender,
stem-rooting, summer-flowering Division 9
lily. H 3ft (lm). Green stems are spotted
purple on lower halves. Has scattered,
linear, mid-green leaves with silver-hairy
margins. Produces racemes of up to 6
(rarely up to 10) pungently scented,
pendent, turkscap, sealing-wax-red
flowers, generally with black spots and
streaks in throats. Prefers alkaline soil in
full sun or partial shade. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. ponticum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp.
ponticum.

L. pumilum, syn. L. tenuifolium. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 6-36in (15cm-lm). Small, scattered leaves
are linear. Produces usually up to 7 but
occasionally up to 30 slightly scented,
nodding, turkscap flowers; each petal,
lV4-lV2in (3-3.5cm) long, is scarlet with
or without black, basal spots. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. pyrenaicum (Yellow turkscap lily),
illus. p.390. Late spring to early summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily, often with stem
roots. H l-472ft (30cm-1.35m). Has
scattered, linear to narrowly elliptic,
hairless leaves. Produces up to 12
unpleasant-smelling, nodding, turkscap
flowers. Each petal, l72-272in (4-6.5cm)

long, is yellow or green-yellow with
prominent, dark purple spots and lines.
Z3-8 H8-1. subsp. carniolicum, syn.

L. carniolicum has red- or orange-spotted
flowers. Leaves may be hairless or downy,
subsp. ponticum, syn. L. ponticum bears
deep yellow flowers, densely lined and
spotted with red-brown or purple; leaves
are downy beneath, f. rubrum (illus.
p.391) has orange-red or dark red flowers.
L. 'Red Carpet', illus. p.391. Early
summer-flowering Division la lily. H 1ft
(30cm). Has upright umbels of open bowl¬
shaped, unspotted, deep red flowers. Is
good as a pot plant.

L. regale (Regal lily), illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 20in-6ft (50cm-2m). Linear leaves are
scattered. Produces up to 25 fragrant,
outward-facing, funnel-shaped flowers.
Petals, 5-6in (12-15cm) long, are white
inside with yellow base and pinkish-purple
outside. Z4-7 H8-5. 'Royal Gold', syn.

L. 'Royal Gold' (illus. p.390), H 4-5ft
(1.2-1.5m), is vigorous and produces
clusters of large flowers, mid-yellow
inside and purple-brown outside.

L. 'Roma', illus. p.390. Early summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 5ft (1.5m).
Green buds open to cream flowers that
sometimes age to pale greenish-yellow.
Z3-8H8-1.

L. 'Rosemary North', illus. p.390. Mid-
to late summer-flowering Division lc lily.

H to 3ft (lm). Produces 12 or more medium¬
sized, slightly fragrant, rich orange flowers
that sometimes have darker spots. Z3-8
H8-1.

L. 'Rosita', illus. p.389. Early summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 272ft (75cm).
Has umbels of upright, open bowl-shaped,
green-centered, blush-pink flowers, with
slightly recurving petals.

L. rosthornii, illus. p.390. Vigorous, stem¬
rooting, clump-forming, summer-flowering
Division 9 lily. H 16-39in (40-100cm). Has
long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves on
lower part of stem; upper stem leaves are
much shorter and oval in shape. Produces
up to 9 nodding, turkscap, orange or
orange-yellow flowers. Strongly recurved,
channeled petals have green central bands
and purple-red, basal spots.

L. 'Royal Gold'. See L. regale 'Royal
Gold'.

L. rubellum, illus. p.389. Early summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 12-32in (30-80cm). Has scattered,
narrowly oval leaves and up to 9 scented,
outward-facing, broadly funnel-shaped,
pink flowers with dark red spots at bases;
each petal is 272-3in (6-8cm) long. Z4-7
H8-1.

L. 'Shuksan'. Summer-flowering Division
4 lily. H 4—6ft (1.2-2m). Medium-sized,
nodding, turkscap, yellowish-orange
flowers are flushed red at petal tips and
sparsely spotted with black. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Sixth Sense'. Summer-flowering
Division lb lily. H 28in (70cm). Produces
white-edged, dark burgundy-red flowers
with dark purple-brown spots.

L. speciosum. Late summer-flowering
Division 9 lily with stem roots. H 3-572ft
(1-1.7m). Has long, scattered, broadly
lance-shaped leaves. Produces up to 12
scented, nodding, turkscap, white or pink
flowers; each petal, to 4in (10cm) long, has
pink or crimson spots. Requires neutral to

acid soil. Z3-8 H8-1. var. album has white
flowers and purple stems. Flowers of var.
rubrum are carmine, stems are purple.
Z5-7 H10-8.

L. 'Star Fighter', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm).
Bears spicy-scented, maroon-speckled,
deep pinkish-purple flowers with
prominent, white edges.

L. 'Star Gazer'. Late summer-flowering
Division 7c lily. H 3ft (90cm). Large, highly
fragrant, rich crimson flowers are spotted
maroon, with white edges. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'Sterling Star', illus. p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division la lily. H 3-4ft (l-1.2m).
Has large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, white
flowers with tiny, brown spots. Z5-7 H8-1.

L. 'Sumatra', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm).
Produces large, scented, dark wine-red
flowers with hint of white at tips of petals.
L. superbum (Swamp lily, Turkscap lily),
illus. p.390. Late summer- to early fall¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 5—10ft (1.5-3m). Lance-shaped to elliptic
leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears up to 40
nodding, turkscap, orange flowers. Each
petal, 272-4in (6-10cm) long, is green base
inside and usually flushed red and spotted
maroon. Requires neutral to acid soil. Z4-7
H8-1.

L. 'Sweet Lord', illus. p.389. Early to mid¬
summer-flowering Division la lily. H 20in
(50cm). Produces purple- red flowers.

L. szovitsianum. See L. monadelphum.

L. tenuifolium. See L. pumilum.

L. x testaceum (Nankeen lily). Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily. H 3—5ft (1-1.5m).
Has scattered, linear, often twisted leaves.
Produces 6-12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap,
light orange to brownish-yellow flowers;
each petal, 3in (8cm) long, usually has
reddish spots inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. thunbergianum. SeeL. maculatum.

L. 'Tiger Woods', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 3ft (lm). Bears
very large, scented, white flowers with
rich crimson stripe down center of each
petal surrounded by crimson spots.

L. tigrinum. See L. lancifolium.

L. 'Tom Pouce', illus. p.389. Summer¬
flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm).
Bears large, highly scented, pink flowers
with pale yellow stripe down center of each
petal and pale yellow freckles. Z5-8 H8-1.

L. Trjumphator ('Zanlophator'), illus.
p.388. Summer-flowering Division 6 lily.

H 3ft (lm). Produces large, fragrant,
outward-facing, white flowers with rich
rose-pink centers.

L. tsingtauense, illus. p.391. Summer¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H 3ft (lm). Lance-shaped leaves are mainly
in whorls. Produces 1-5 upward-facing,
cup-shaped, orange to orange-red flowers;
petals, to 2in (5cm) long are maroon
spotted. Z3-7 H8-1.

L. wallichianum. Late summer- to fall¬
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.

H to 6ft (2m). Long, scattered leaves are
linear or lance-shaped. Bears 1-4 fragrant,
outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white
or cream flowers that are green or yellow
towards bases. Each petal is 6-12in
(15-30cm) long. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. 'White Heaven', illus p.388. Summer¬
flowering Division 5 lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears
fragrant, long, trumpet-shaped, pure white
flowers.

LINARIA

L. 'Zanlophator'. See L. Triumphator
L. wigginsii. See L. pardalinum subsp.
wigginsii.

Limnanthemum nymphoides. See

Nymphoides peltata.

LIMNANTHES

Poached-egg plant

LIMNANTHACEAE

Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens,
containers and for edging borders. Prefers
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or early fall. Self-seeds
very freely, although easy to control.

L. douglasii, illus. p.321.

LIMONIUM

Sea lavender, Statice

PLUMBAGINACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
perennials, sometimes grown as annuals,
and subshrubs, some of which are
evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
seed in fall or early spring or by root
cuttings in winter.

L. bellidifolium , syn. L. reticulatum.
Evergreen, dome-shaped perennial with
a woody base. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has basal rosettes of rounded, dark
green leaves. Much-branched flower stems
produce masses of small, "everlasting",
trumpet-shaped, blue flowers in summer-
fall. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7-9
H9-7.

L. latifolium 'Blue Cloud'. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in
(45cm). In late summer produces diffuse
clusters of bluish-mauve flowers that can
be dried for indoor decoration. Has large,
leathery, dark green leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

L. perezii. Evergreen, rounded subshrub.
H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Has long-stalked,
oval to diamond-shaped, deep green
leaves. Dense clusters, 8in (20cm) wide, of
tiny, tubular, deep mauve-blue flowers are
borne well above leaves in fall. Needs good
ventilation if grown under glass. Z10-11
H12-1.

L. reticulatum. See L. bellidifolium.

L. sinuatum (Statice). Fairly slow-
growing, bushy, upright perennial, grown
as an annual. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Has lance-shaped, lobed, deep green leaves
and, in summer and early fall, tiny, blue,
pink or white flowers borne in clusters on
winged stems. H9-3. Fortress Series
have small, tubular flowers in a mixture of
shades such as pink, yellow or blue. Leaves
are often wavy-margined.

L. suworowii. See Psylliostachys
suworowii.

LINARIA

Toadflax

SCROPH U LARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of spring-, summer- or fall¬
flowering annuals, biennials and
perennials, useful for rock gardens and
borders. Prefers sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring. Self-seeds freely.

L. alpina (Alpine toadflax). Tuft-forming,
compact, annual, biennial or short-lived
perennial with a sparse root system. H 6in
(15cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has whorls of

623

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LINDERA

linear to lance-shaped, fleshy, gray-green
leaves. A succession of snapdragon-like,
yellow-centered, purple-violet flowers is
borne in loose racemes in summer. Z4-9
H9-1.

L. dalmatica (Dalmation toadflax).

Upright perennial. H 3—4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Is similar to L. genistifolia, but has
much larger, golden-yellow flowers and
broader, more glaucous leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.
L. genistifolia. Upright perennial. H 2-4ft
(60cm-1.2m), S 9in (23cm). From mid¬
summer to fall produces racemes of small,
snapdragon-like, orange-marked, yellow
flowers. Lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green
leaves clasp the stems. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. maroccana 'Fairy Lights'. Fast¬
growing, erect, bushy annual. H 8in (20cm),

S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, pale green
leaves. Tiny, snapdragon-like flowers, in
shades of red, pink, purple, yellow or white,
are borne throughout summer. H9-1.

L. purpurea. Upright perennial. H 2—3ft
(60cm-lm), S 2ft (60cm). From mid- to late
summer, racemes of snapdragon-like,
purplish-blue flowers, touched with white
at throats, are produced above narrowly
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Canon
J. Went', illus. p.232.

L. triornithophora, illus. p.239.

LINDERA

LAURACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their foliage, which
is often aromatic, and their fall color. Fruits
are produced on female plants if male
plants are also grown. Needs partial shade
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

L. benzoin, illus. p.127.

L. obtusiloba (Japanese spicebush).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 20ft (6m).
Has 3-lobed, aromatic, glossy, dark green
leaves, becoming butter-yellow in fall.
Clusters of small, star-shaped, deep yellow
flowers, borne on bare shoots from early
to mid-spring, are followed by small,
spherical, black fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

LINDHEIMERA

Star daisy

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of late summer- and early fall¬
flowering annuals. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in early spring or outdoors in
late spring.

L. texana (Star daisy). Moderately fast¬
growing, erect, branching annual.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
hairy stems and oval, serrated, hairy leaves.
Daisylike, yellow flower heads are produced
in late summer and early fall. H12-7.

LINNAEA

Twinflower

CAPRI FOLIACEAE

624

Genus of one species of evergreen,
creeping, summer-flowering, subshrubby
perennial that makes an extensive, twiggy
mat. Is useful as groundcover on peat beds
and rock gardens. Requires partial shade
and moist, peaty, acid soil. Propagate by
rooted runners in spring, by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

L. borealis, illus. p.363.

LINUM

Flax

LINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials,
subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are
evergreen or semievergreen, grown for
their flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens.
Prefers sun and rich, well-drained, peaty
soil. Propagate subshrubs and shrubs by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, annuals, biennials and perennials
by seed in fall.

L. arboreum, illus. p.344.

L. flavum (Golden flax. Yellow flax). Bushy
perennial with a woody rootstock. H 12in
(30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrowly oval,
green leaves and, in summer, upward-facing,
funnel-shaped, yellow flowers in terminal
clusters. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Compaction', illus.
p.372.

L. 'Gemmell's Hybrid'. Semievergreen,
domed perennial with a woody rootstock.

H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves are oval
and gray-green. In summer, short-stalked,
broadly funnel-shaped, bright chrome-
yellow flowers are produced in terminal
clusters. Prefers alkaline soil. Z6-9 H9-5.

L. grandiflorum 'Rubrum', illus. p.308.
L. narbonense. Clump-forming, short¬
lived perennial, best renewed frequently
from seed. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-green
leaves and heads of somewhat cup-shaped,
pale to deep blue flowers in spring-
summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

L. perenne, illus. p.342.

L. salsoloides. See L. suffruticosum
subsp. salsoloides.

L. suffruticosum subsp. salsoloides,

syn. L. salsoloides. Perennial with spreading,
sometimes woody-based stems. H 2-8in
(5-20cm), S 3in (8cm). Slender stems
produce fine, heather-like, gray-green leaves
and, in summer, a succession of short-lived,
saucer-shaped, pearl-white flowers, flushed
blue or pink, in terminal clusters. Z5-8 H8-5.

Lippia citriodora. See Aloysia triphylla.

LIQUIDAMBAR

Sweet gum

HAMAMELIDACEAE/ALTINGIACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, with
inconspicuous flowers, grown for their
maple-like foliage and fall color. Requires
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil; grows poorly on shallow,
chalky soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

L. formosana, syn. L. monticola.
Deciduous, broadly conical tree. H 40ft
(12m), S 30ft (10m). Has large, 3-lobed,
toothed leaves, purple when young, dark
green in summer and turning orange, red
and purple in fall. Z7-9 H9-7.

L. monticola. See L. formosana.

L. orientalis (Oriental sweetgum). Slow-
growing, deciduous, bushy tree. H 20ft
(6m), S 12ft (4m). Small, 5-lobed, mid-green
leaves turn vivid orange in fall. Z7-9 H9-7.
L. styraciflua (Sweet gum), illus. p.65.
'Lane Roberts' is a deciduous, broadly
conical to spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 40ft (12m). Shoots usually have corky
ridges. Glossy, green leaves, each with 5
lobes, turn deep reddish-purple in fall. Z6-9
H9-6.

LIRIODENDRON

Tulip tree

MAGNOL1ACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage and flowers in summer. Flowers are
almost hidden by unusual leaves and are
not produced on young trees. Requires
sun or partial shade and deep, fertile, well-
drained, preferably slightly acid, soil.
Propagate species from seed in fall, and
selected forms by budding in late summer.
L. chinense (Chinese tulip tree). Fast¬
growing, deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft
(25m), S 40ft (12m). Bears large, deep green
leaves, cut off at tips and with deep lobe
on each side; leaves become yellow in fall.
Cup-shaped, orange-based, greenish-white
flowers are borne in mid-summer. Z4-9
H9-2.

L. tulipifera (Tulip tree), illus. p.60.

'Aureomarginatum', illus. p.65.

LIRIOPE

Lilyturf

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials with
swollen, fleshy rhizomes. Some are grown
as groundcover. Requires sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall.

L. graminifolia var. densiflora. See
L. muscari.

L. muscari, syn. L. graminifolia var.
densiflora, L. platyphylla, illus. p.280.
'Majestic' is an evergreen, spreading,
rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 18in (45cm). In late fall produces spikes
of thickly clustered, rounded-bell-shaped,
violet flowers among linear, glossy, green
leaves. Z6-10 H12-1.

L. platyphylla. See L. muscari.

L. spicata. Evergreen, spreading,
rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Grasslike, glossy,
dark green leaves make good groundcover.
Produces spikes of rounded-bell-shaped,
pale lavender flowers in late summer.

Z6-11 H12-1.

Lisianthus russellianus. See Eustoma
grandiflorum.

LITHOCARPUS

FAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage. Needs sun or partial shade and
prefers well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
Shelter from strong winds. Propagate by
seed, when ripe, in fall.

L. densiflorus (Tanbark oak). Evergreen,
spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
sweet chestnut-like, leathery, glossy, dark
green leaves and upright, pale yellow
flower spikes borne in spring and often
again in fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

L. henryi, illus. p.93.

LITHODORA

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs,
grown for their flowers. Is excellent in rock
gardens. Needs full sun and moist, well-
drained soil; some species are limestone
haters and require acid conditions. Resents
root disturbance. Propagate by semiripe

cuttings in mid-summer or by seed in fall.
L. diffusa, syn. Lithospermum diffusum.
'Grace Ward' is an evergreen, compact,
semiprostrate shrub. H 6-12in (15-30cm),

S to 12in (30cm). Trailing stems bear lance¬
shaped, hairy, dull green leaves. In early
summer produces masses of funnel-
shaped, deep blue flowers in terminal
clusters. Needs acid soil. Trim back plants
after flowering. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Heavenly
Blue', illus. p.343.

L. oleifolia, syn. Lithospermum oleifolium,
illus. p.342.

L. zahnii, syn. Lithospermum zahnii.
Evergreen, much-branched, upright
shrub. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. Stems
are covered in oval, hairy, dark green or
grayish-green leaves. Funnel-shaped,
azure-blue flowers, with spreading lobes,
open in succession from early spring
to mid-summer. Sets buds and flowers
intermittently until mid-fall. Prefers
alkaline soil. Z8-10 H10-8.

LITHOPHRAGMA

Woodland star

SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
their campion-like flowers. Is dormant in
summer. Tolerates all but deepest shade
and prefers rich, moist soil. Propagate by
seed or division in spring or fall.

L. parviflorum, illus. p.332.

LITHOPS

Living stones , Stone plant
AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial
succulents, grown for their almost united
pairs of swollen, erect leaves that are
separated on upper surface by a fissure
from which a solitary, daisylike flower
emerges. Each pair of old leaves splits and
dries away to papery skin in spring to
reveal a pair of new leaves growing at
right angles to old ones. Slowly forms
clumps after 3-5 years. Needs full sun
and extremely well-drained soil or gritty
compost. Water regularly in growing
season (mid-summer to early fall), not at
all in winter. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

L. aucampiae. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H Van (1cm), S lVdn (3cm). Pairs
of brown leaves have flat, upper surfaces
bearing darker marks. Produces solitary,
yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
Z12-15 H12-10.

L. 'Bella'. See L. karasmontana subsp.
bella.

L. bromfieldii. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H V-i-lVun (2-3cm), S 3 Ain (2cm).
Slightly convex, upper surfaces of paired,
brown leaves have dark green windows
and red dots and lines. Produces solitary,
yellow flower in late summer or early fall.

L. dorotheae, illus. p.491.

L. fulleri. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H and S 3 /4in (2cm). Pairs of
leaves are dove-gray to brown-yellow.
Convex, upper surfaces have sunken,
darker marks. In late summer or early
fall bears solitary, white flower. Z12-15
H12-10.

L. hookeri. See L. turbiniformis.

L. julii. Egg-shaped, perennial succulent.

H 3 /4-lV4in (2-3cm), S 2in (5cm). Has paired.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

pearl- to pink-gray leaves, each with a
slightly convex, darker-marked, upper
surface. In late summer or fall produces
solitary, white flower. Z12-15 H12-10.

L. karasmontana, illus. p.481. subsp.
bella, syn. L. 'Bella' is an egg-shaped,
perennial succulent. H %-PAin (2-3cm),

S S'Bin (1.5cm). Has pairs of brown to
brown-yellow leaves with darker marks on
convex, upper surfaces. Produces solitary,
white flower in late summer or early fall.
Z12-15 H12-10.

L. lesliei. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H Vain (1cm), S 3 /4in (2cm). Is
similar to L. aucampiae, but upper leaf
surfaces are convex. Z12-15 H12-10. var.
albinica, illus. p.491.

L. marmorata, illus. p.489.

L. olivacea. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H and S 3 /4in (2cm). Paired, dark
olive-green leaves have darker windows on
convex, upper surfaces. Yellow flower is
borne in late summer or early fall. Z12-15
H12-10.

L. otzeniana. Egg-shaped, perennial
succulent. H lVun (3cm), S 3 /4in (2cm).
Paired, gray-violet leaves each have a
convex, upper surface with a light border
and large, semitranslucent windows. In late
summer or early fall bears solitary, yellow
flower. Z12-15 H12-10.

L. pseudotruncatella. Egg-shaped,
perennial succulent. H 1% (3cm), S lVdn
(4cm). Bears pairs of pale gray or blue to
lilac leaves with darker marks on convex,
upper surfaces. Fissure reaches from side
to side only on mature plants. Has solitary,
yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
Z12-15 H12-10. subsp. dendritica, illus.
p.495.

L. schwantesii , illus. p.495.

L. turbiniformis, syn. L. hookeri. Egg-
shaped, perennial succulent. H lV 2 in (4cm),
S 3 /4in (2cm). Has a flattish, upper surface
with, usually, sunken, dark brown marks on
paired, brown leaves. Has solitary, yellow
flower in late summer or early fall. Z12-15
H12-10.

Lithospermum diffusion. See

Lithodora diffusa.

Lithospermum oleifolium. See

Lithodora oleifolia.

Lithospermum zahnii. See Lithodora
zahnii.

Litsea glauca. See Neolitsea sericea.

LITTON IA

COLCHICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, scandent,
tuberous climbers, grown for their
pendent, bell-shaped flowers in summer.
Requires full sun and rich, well-drained
soil. Provide support. Dies down in winter;
lift and dry off tubers and store in a frost-
free place. Propagate by seed in spring;
tubers sometimes will divide naturally.

L. modesta, illus. p.395.

LIVISTONA

ARECACEAE

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
their overall appearance. Has clusters of
insignificant flowers in summer. Needs full
light or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water
container specimens moderately, less in
winter. Propagate by seed in spring at not

less than 73°F (23°C). Red spider mite may
be a nuisance on container plants.

L. australis (Australian fan palm. Cabbage
palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm with
a fairly slender trunk. H 50-70ft (15-20m),

S 10-20ft (3-6m). Has fan-shaped leaves,

4—8ft (1.2-2.5m) wide, divided into narrow,
slender-pointed, glossy, green leaflets. Leaf
stalks are spiny. Zll-10 H12-10.

L. chinensis, illus. p.451.

LLOYDIA

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs,
grown for their small, graceful, bell-shaped
flowers. Is not easy to grow. Requires
partial shade and well-drained, peaty soil;
provide plenty of moisture in summer
but, preferably, keep fairly dry in winter.
Propagate by seed in spring.

L. graeca. See Gagea graeca.

L. serotina (Alp lily). Early summer¬
flowering bulb. H 2-6in (5-15cm), S l-2in
(2.5-5cm). Has wiry stems bearing
scattered, threadlike, semierect leaves near
stem base. Bears 1 or 2 bell-shaped, white
flowers, 72- 5 /8in (1-1.5cm) long, with purple
or purple-red veins. Z6-9 H9-6.

LOBELIA

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
deciduous or evergreen shrubs, grown
for their flowers. Some are suitable for wild
gardens or by the waterside. Prefers sun
and moist but well-drained soil. Resents
wet conditions in winter; in cold areas,
some perennials and shrubs are therefore
best lifted in fall and placed in well-drained
compost in frames. Propagate annuals by
seed in spring, perennial species by seed
or division in spring, perennial cultivars
by division only, and shrubs by semiripe
cuttings in summer. 0 Contact with the
milky sap of some species may irritate skin.
L. angulata, syn. Pratia angulata.
Evergreen, creeping perennial. H Vain
(lcm), S indefinite. Bears small, broadly
oval, dark green leaves. Star-shaped, white
flowers, with 5 unevenly spaced petals, are
borne in leaf axils in late spring and are
followed by globose, purplish-red fruits
in fall. Z6-10 H10-6.

L. cardinalis, syn. L. fulgens, L. splendens,
illus. p.439. 'Queen Victoria', illus. p.248.
L. 'Cherry Ripe', illus. p.439.

L. 'Dark Crusader'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 9in (23cm). From
mid- to late summer bears racemes of
2-lipped, dark red flowers above lance¬
shaped, fresh green or red-bronze leaves.
Z4-8 H8-1.

L. erinus. 'Blue Ball', illus. p.315. 'Blue
Cascade' Slow-growing, pendulous,
spreading annual, occasionally perennial.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Oval
to lance-shaped leaves are pale green.

Small, 2-lipped, pale blue flowers are
produced continuously in summer and
early fall. 'Cambridge Blue' is compact
and has blue flowers. 'Colour Cascade'
has flowers in a mixture of colors, such as
blue, red, pink, mauve or white. 'Crystal
Palace', illus. p.315. 'Red Cascade'
produces white-eyed, purple-red flowers.
'Sapphire', illus. p.314. Waterfall Series
'Waterfall Blue', illus. p.314; Waterfall

Series 'Waterfall Light Lavender',

illus. p.311.

L. fulgens. See L. cardinalis.

L. x gerardii 'Vedrariensis'. See

L. x speciosa 'Vedrariensis'.

L. pedunculata, syn. Pratia pendunculata.
'County Park' is a vigorous, evergreen,
creeping perennial. H V 2 in (lcm),

S indefinite. Has small, rounded to oval
leaves and, in summer, a profusion of star¬
shaped, rich violet-blue flowers. Makes
good groundcover.

L. siphilitica, illus. p.441.

L. x speciosa 'Vedrariensis', syn.

L. x gerardii 'Vedrariensis', L. 'Vedrariensis'.
Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft
(30cm). In late summer produces racemes
of 2-lipped, purple flowers. Has lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. splendens. See L. cardinalis.

L. tupa. Clump-forming perennial. H 5—6ft
(1.5-2m), S 3ft (lm). Bears large spikes of
2-lipped, vivid brick-red flowers, in late
summer, above narrowly oval, hairy, light
green leaves. Performs best in a sheltered,
sunny site with well-drained soil. Z8-10
H10-8.

L. 'Vedrariensis'. See L. x speciosa
'Vedrariensis'.

L. 'Will Scarlet'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Racemes
of 2-lipped, bright red flowers are borne in
summer. Lance-shaped leaves are coppery-
green. Z4-8 H8-1.

Lobivia aurea. See Echinopsis aurea.

Lobivia backebergii. See Echinopsis
backebergii.

Lobivia cinnabarina. See Echinopsis
cinnabarina.

Lobivia cylindrica. See Echinopsis aurea.

Lobivia haageana. See Echinopsis
marsoneri.

Lobivia pentlandii. See Echinopsis
pentlandii.

Lobivia pygmaea. See Rebutia pygmaea.

Lobivia silvestrii. See Echinopsis
chamaecereus.

LOBULARIA

Sweet alyssum

CRUCIFERAE/BRASS1CACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering
annuals. Is ideal for containers and edging.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Deadhead to encourage continuous
flowering. Propagate by seed sown under
glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring.
May self-seed.

L. Maritima, syn. Alyssum maritimum
(Sweet alyssum). Fast-growing, spreading
annual. H 3-6in (8-15cm), S 8-12in
(20-30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-
green leaves. Rounded heads of tiny,
scented, 4-petaled, white flowers are
produced in summer and early fall. Z10-11
H12-1. 'Carpet of Snow', H to 4in (10cm),
is a ground-hugging, loosely branched and
has white flowers. 'Rosie O'Day', illus.
p.304. 'Snow Crystals', illus. p.298.

LOISELEURIA

Alpine azalea , Trailing azalea

ERICACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen,
creeping, prostrate shrub, grown for its
flowers. Requires full light and rich, well-
drained, acid soil. Is difficult to grow.

LONICERA

Propagate by seed in spring or by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
L. procumbens, illus. p.364.

LOMATIA

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and flowers, which
have 4 narrow, twisted petals. Often best
in a cool greenhouse. Requires sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained,
acid soil. Propagate by softwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer.

L. ferruginea. Evergreen, upright shrub
or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Sturdy,
brown-felted shoots bear oblong to oval,
dark green leaves, deeply cut into 6-15
oblong lobes. Racemes of yellow-and-red
flowers are borne in mid-summer. Thrives
outside only in mild, moist areas. Zll
H12-8.

L. silaifolia, illus. p.151.

LONICERA

Honeysuckle

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown mainly for their
flowers, which are often fragrant. Flowers
are tubular, with spreading, 2-lipped petal
lobes. Climbers may be trained into large
shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Prune out
flowered wood of climbers after flowering.
Prune shrubs only to remove dead shoots
or restrain growth. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring, by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by hardwood cuttings in late
fall. Aphids may be a problem. 0 The
berries may cause mild stomach upset if
ingested. See also feature panel p.207.

L. x americana, syn. L. x italica, illus.

p.206.

L. x brownii (Scarlet trumpet
honeysuckle). Z3-9 H9-1. 'Dropmore
Scarlet' is a deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval,
blue-green leaves. Small, fragrant, red
flowers, with orange throats, are borne
throughout summer.

L. etrusca (Etruscan honeysuckle).
Deciduous or semievergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m).
Oval, mid-green leaves are blue-green
beneath, the upper ones united into cups.
Fragrant, long-tubed, pale yellow flowers,
borne in summer-fall, turn deeper yellow
and become red-flushed with age. Needs
sun. 'Michael Rosse' (illus. p.207) has
glaucous leaves and pale yellow flowers
that deepen in color as they mature. Z7-9
H9-4. 'Superba' (illus. p.207) is very
vigorous and has red-flushed young shoots
and bright red and white flowers that turn
orange-yellow as they age. Z7-9 H9-4.

L. fragrantissima (Winter honeysuckle).
Deciduous or semievergreen, bushy,
spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m).
Bears oval, dark green leaves. Fragrant,
short-tubed, creamy-white flowers are
produced in winter and early spring. Z4-8
H8-3.

L. 'Gold Flame'. See L. x heckrottii 'Gold
Flame'.

L. x heckrottii. Deciduous or
semievergreen, twining climber. H 15ft

L

625

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LONICERA

(5m). Oval, dark green leaves are blue-
green beneath, the upper pairs united.
Bears terminal whorls of fragrant, pink
flowers, orange-yellow inside, in summer,
sometimes followed by red berries. Z6-9
H9-6. 'Gold Flame', syn. L. 'Gold Flame'
is deciduous, and requires support. Has
oblong or oval leaves, bluish beneath,
upper ones joined into shallow cups.
Produces orange-throated, pink flowers.

L. henryi, illus. p.207. Evergreen or
semievergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Narrowly oval,
dark green leaves are paler beneath.
Terminal clusters of long-tubed, red-purple
flowers are produced in summer-fall,
followed by black berries. Z3-8 H8-1.

L. hildebrandiana (Giant Burmese
honeysuckle). Evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 70ft
(20m). Oval or rounded, mid-green leaves
are paler beneath. Long-tubed, white or
cream flowers, aging to creamy-orange or
brownish-yellow, are produced in pairs in
leaf axils or at shoot tips in summer. Needs
full sun. Z6-8 H8-6.

L. x italica of gardens. See L. x americana.
L. japonica (Japanese honeysuckle).
Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen,
twining climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has soft-
hairy, woody stems and ovate, sometimes
lobed, dark green leaves. In summer and
early fall produces fragrant, long-tubed,
2-lipped, white flowers that turn yellow as
they mature. Is ideal for hiding an unsightly
fence, shed or wall and also good as
groundcover although requires control
if space is limited. 'Aureoreticulata' (illus.
p.207) has bright green leaves with bright
L yellow veining. Z4-10 H10-1. 'Halliana'
has very fragrant, white flowers, aging to
pale yellow. Z4-11 H12-1.

L. ledebourii , illus. p.136.

L. maackii (Amur honeysuckle). Vigorous,
deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
Leaves are oval and dark green. Fragrant,
short-tubed, white, later yellow flowers,
in early summer, are followed by spherical,
bright red fruits. Z2-8 H9-4.

L. morrowii. Deciduous, spreading shrub
with arching branches. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft
(3m). Has oval, dark green leaves and, in
late spring and early summer, small, short-
tubed, creamy-white flowers that age to
yellow. Z4-9 H9-4.

L. nitida (Boxleaf honeysuckle).

Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S 10ft (3m). Leaves are small, oval, glossy
and dark green. Tiny, fragrant, short-tubed,
creamy-white flowers, in late spring, are
followed by small, spherical, purple fruits.

Is good for hedging. Z6-9 H9-5.
'Baggesen's Gold', illus. p.167. 'Yunnan'
is more upright, has sturdier shoots and
larger leaves and flowers more freely.

L. periclymenum (Common honeysuckle.
Woodbine). Vigorous, deciduous, twining
or scrambling climber. H 20-22ft (6-7m).
Has ovate to oblong, mid-green leaves,
grayish-green beneath. From early summer
to early fall produces terminal clusters of
very fragrant, long-tubed, 2-lipped, purple-
red and/or yellow flowers, with creamy-
white to white insides. Z5-9 H9-5.

'Graham Thomas' has mid-green leaves
that are bluish beneath and white flowers,

— which age to yellow. 'Red Gables' (illus.

626 p.207) Serotina' (Late Dutch honeysuckle,

_ illus. p.207, has rich red-purple flowers.

white inside. 'Sweet Sue' bears very
fragrant, creamy-white flowers that mature
to yellow.

L. pileata, illus. p.167.

L. x purpusii , illus. p.163. 'Winter
Beauty' is a semievergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has red-
purple shoots and oval, dark green leaves.
Freely bears very fragrant, white flowers
on bare, leafless stems in winter and early
spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

L. sempervirens (Coral honeysuckle.
Trumpet honeysuckle), illus. p.207.
Evergreen or deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval
leaves, upper ones united and saucer-like,
and salmon-red to orange flowers, yellow
inside, in whorls on shoot tips in summer.
Z4-9 H9-1.

L. standishii. Evergreen, bushy shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Has peeling bark, oblong,
bristly, dark green leaves and, in winter,
fragrant, short-tubed, creamy-white
flowers. Z5-8 H8-4.

L. tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle), illus.
p.133. 'Hack's Red' is a deciduous, bushy
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces short-
tubed, deep pink flowers in late spring and
early summer, followed by spherical, red
fruits. Leaves are oval and dark green.

Z3-9 H9-1.

L. x tellmanniana. Deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m).
Has oval leaves; the upper ones are joined
and resemble saucers. Bright yellow-orange
flowers are produced in clusters from late
spring to mid-summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

L. tragophylla. Deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H 15-20ft
(5-6m). Oval leaves are bluish-green, the
uppermost pair united into a cup. Produces
clusters of up to 20 long-tubed, bright
yellow flowers in early summer. Z6-9 H9-6.
L. x xylosteoides 'Clavey's DwarF.
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m),
S 3ft (lm). Leaves are oval and gray-green.
Bears short-tubed, pink flowers in late
spring, then spherical, red fruits. Z4-9 H9-1.
L. xylosteum, illus. p.131.

Lophocereus schottii. See Pachycereus
schottii.

LOPHOMYRTUS

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs or small trees,
grown for their flowers, foliage and fruit.
Needs partial shade and fertile, rich, moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
sown as soon as ripe or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

L. bullata , syn. Myrtus bullata. Evergreen,
upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m).
Rounded, puckered leaves, bronze-purple
when young, mature to glossy dark green.
Produces saucer-shaped, white flowers in
late spring and early summer, then egg-
shaped, black-red fruits. Z10-15 H 12-10.

LOPHOPHORA

Peyote

CACTACEAE

Genus of very slow-growing, perennial
cacti that resemble small, blue dumplings,
with up to 10 ribs, each separated by an
indented line. Has long tap roots.
Flowering areoles each produce tufts of
short, white hairs. Needs sun and well-

drained soil. Is very prone to rotting,
so water lightly from spring to fall.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
L. echinata. See L. williamsii.

L. lutea. See L. williamsii.

L. williamsii , syn. L. echinata , L. lutea,
illus. p.492.

LOPHOSPERMUM

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of deciduous and evergreen,
perennial climbers and shrubs, grown for
their tubular to funnel-shaped flowers and
triangular to rounded leaves. Needs sun
and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or semiripe cuttings in
late summer.

L. erubescens, syn. Asarina erubescens,
Maurandya erubescens, illus. p.460.

LOPHOSTEMON

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their overall appearance when
mature and for shade. Is related to Tristania
and Eucalyptus. Needs sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Other than
shaping plants in winter, pruning is seldom
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

L. confertus, syn. Tristania conferta
(Brush box). Fast-growing, evergreen,
round-headed tree. H and S 50-130ft
(15-40m). Produces lance-shaped, leathery,
lustrous leaves. In spring bears white
flowers with prominent, feathery stamen
bundles. 'Perth Gold' has bright green
leaves strongly variegated yellow.

LOROPETALUM

HAMAMELIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Requires full light or partial shade
and rich, well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times.
Propagate by layering or seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

L. chinense. Evergreen, rounded, well-
branched shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Asymmetrically oval leaves are deep green.
White flowers, each with 4 strap-shaped
petals, are borne in tufted, terminal
clusters, mainly in winter-spring. Z8-9
H9-8.

LOTUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
some of which are semievergreen, and
evergreen subshrubs, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings from early to mid-summer or
by seed in fall or spring.

L. berthelotii (Coral gem), illus. p.306.

L. hirsutus syn. Dorycnium hirsutum
(Hairy canary clover). Deciduous, upright
subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears
silvery-gray leaves divided into 3 oval
leaflets. Dense clusters of pealike, pink-
tinged, white flowers in summer and early
fall are followed by oblong to ovoid,
reddish-brown seed pods. Z6-9 H9-6.

LUCULIA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.
Cut back flowered stems hard in spring,
if container-grown. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

L. grandifolia. Evergreen, rounded to
upright, robust shrub. H and S 10-20ft
(3-6m). Oval, green leaves have red veins
and stalks. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers,
272in (6cm) long, with 5 rounded petal
lobes, are borne in terminal clusters in
summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

LUETKEA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous subshrub,
grown for its fluffy flower heads. Is suitable
for banks and rock gardens. Requires shade
and well-drained but not too dry soil.
Propagate by division or seed in spring.

L. pectinata. Deciduous, spreading,
decumbent subshrub. H to 12in (30cm),

S 8in (20cm). Stems are clothed in finely
dissected, very dark green leaves. In
summer has terminal racemes of small,
fluffy, off-white flower heads.

LUMA

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees,
grown for their aromatic leaves and cup¬
shaped, white flowers. Needs sun or partial
shade and fertile, ideally rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in late summer. See also
feature panel p.78.

L. apiculata, syn. Myrceugenia apiculata,
Myrtus apiculata, Amomyrtus luma,

Myrtus luma, illus. p.78. Strong-growing,
evergreen shrub. H and S 30-50ft (10-15m).
Has peeling, golden-brown and gray-white
bark and cup-shaped, white flowers amid
broadly elliptic, aromatic, glossy, dark
green leaves from mid-summer to mid-fall.
Z9-11 HI 1-10. Glanleam Gold', H and
S 30ft (10m), has sturdy stems, peeling,
brown-and-white bark and bright green
leaves edged with creamy-yellow. Z9-10
H10-9.

L. chequen, syn. Myrtus chequen. Strong¬
growing, evergreen, upright shrub or small
tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has broadly
ovate, wavy-margined, aromatic, dark
green leaves. In late summer and early fall
bears cup-shaped, white flowers singly or
in small clusters followed by black berries.
Z9-10 H10-9.

LUNARIA

Honesty

CRUCIFERAE/BRASS1ACEAE ~

Genus of biennials and perennials, grown
for their flowers and silvery seed pods.
Prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate perennials by seed in fall or
spring or by division in spring, biennials
by seed only. Self-seeds prolifically.

L. annua , syn. L. biennis, illus. p.310.
'Variegata', illus. p.306.

L. biennis. See L. annua.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

L. rediviva (Perennial honesty). Rosette¬
forming perennial. H 24-30in (60-75cm),

S 12in (30cm). Produces racemes of
4-petaled, lilac or white flowers in spring,
followed by elliptical, silvery seed pods that
are useful for indoor decoration. Has oval,
coarse, often maroon-tinted, mid-green
leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

LUPINUS

Lupine

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
semievergreen shrubs, grown for their
large, imposing racemes of pealike flowers.
Prefers sun and well-drained soil. Remove
seed heads of most varieties to prevent self-
seeding. Propagate species by seed when
fresh in fall; selected forms by cuttings
from non-flowering sideshoots in spring
or early summer. Aphids can be a problem.
® The seeds may cause severe discomfort
if ingested.

L. arboreus, illus. p.159.

L. Band of Nobles Series. Clump¬
forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2Vzft
(75cm). In early and mid-summer, racemes
of flowers in white, yellow, pink, red,
blue, or bicolors (usually white or yellow
in combination with another color) arise
above palmate, deeply divided, mid-green
leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

L. 'My Castle'. Clump-forming perennial.
H 3ft (90cm), S 272ft (75cm). Bears racemes
of deep rose-pink flowers above palmate,
deeply divided, mid-green leaves in early
and mid-summer. Z4-7 H7-1.

L. 'Noble Maiden'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 272ft (75cm).

In early and mid-summer, racemes of
creamy-white flowers are produced above
deeply divided, palmate, mid-green leaves.
Z4-7 H7-1.

L. 'The Chatelaine', illus. p.232.

L. 'The Page'. Clump-forming perennial.
H 36-39in (90-100cm), S 30in (75cm). Bears
spikes of intense, deep red flowers above
palmate, divided, mid-green, basal leaves
from early to mid-summer.

LURONIUM

ALISMATACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants and marsh plants, grown
for their foliage and flowers. Requires full
sun and shallow water. Thin plants when
overcrowded. Propagate in spring by seed
or division.

L. natans, syn. Alisma natans (Floating
water plantain). Deciduous, perennial,
marginal water plant. H l-2in (2.5-5cm),

S 12in (30cm). Produces small, elliptic to
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and, in
summer, small, 3-lobed, yellow-spotted,
white flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.

LUZULA

Woodrush

JUNCACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
and SEDGES.

L. maxima. See L. sylvatica.

L. nivea, illus. p.284.

L. sylvatica , syn. L. maxima (Greater
woodrush). 'Aureomarginata'. See
L. sylvatica 'Marginata'. 'Hohe Tatra',

illus. p.288. 'Marginata', syn. L. sylvatica
'Aureomarginata' is a slow-growing,
evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous,
perennial grass. H to 12in (30cm),

S indefinite. Produces thick tufts of broad,
hairy-edged, mid-green leaves, with white
margins. Leafy stems bear terminal, open,
brown flower spikes in summer. Tolerates
shade; is suitable for a woodland garden.
Z4-9 H9-4.

LYCASTE

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

L. cruenta, illus. p.467. Vigorous,
deciduous, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Fragrant,
triangular, green-and-yellow flowers,

2in (5cm) across, are produced singly in
spring. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft
leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. Grow in
partial shade in summer and avoid
spraying, which can mark leaves. HI 1-6.

LYCHNIS

Campion , Catchfly

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and perennials. Requires sun
or partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division or seed in fall or
spring.

L. 'Abbotswood Rose'. See L. x walkeri
'Abbotswood Rose'.

L. alpina, syn. Viscaria alpina (Alpine
campion, Alpine catchfly). Tuft-forming
perennial. H 2-6in (5-15cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has dense tufts of thick, linear,
deep green leaves. In summer, sticky stems
each bear rounded head of pale to deep
pink or, rarely, white flowers with
spreading, frilled petals. Is suitable for a
rock garden. Z4-7 H7-1.

L. chalcedonica, illus. p.235.

L. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa.

L. coronaria , illus. p.268.

L. flos-jovis (Flower of Jove, Flower of
Jupiter), illus. p.265.

L. x haageana, syn. L. x haagena. Short¬
lived, clump-forming perennial. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces clusters
of large, 5-petaled, white, orange or red
flowers in summer. Oval leaves are mid¬
green. Is best raised regularly from seed.

L. x haagena. See L. x haageana. Z6-8 H8-6.
L. viscaria. Clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). From
early to mid-summer, rather sticky, star¬
shaped, reddish-purple flowers are borne
in dense clusters above narrowly oval to
oblong, dark green leaves. Is suitable for
the front of a border or a rock garden. Z3-7
H3-1. 'Splendens Plena', illus. p.265.

L. x walkeri 'Abbotswood Rose', syn.

L. 'Abbotswood Rose'. Neat, clump¬
forming perennial. H 12-15in (30-38cm),

S 9in (23cm). Has oval, gray leaves and
gray, branching stems that, from mid- to
late summer, bear sprays of rounded,
5-petaled, bright rose-pink flowers.

LYCIANTHES

SOLANACEAE

Genus of perennials and deciduous,
semievergreen or evergreen shrubs, grown
for their flowers, and sometimes also for

their colored or variegated foliage. Is good
in containers for summer bedding and in
borders. Needs sun and moist but well-
drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer or early fall.

L. rantonnetii, syn. Solanum rantonnei,
Solanum rantonnetii (Blue potato bush).
'Royal Robe', illus. p.310.

LYCIUM

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, sometimes
with long, scandent branches, grown for
their habit, flowers and fruits. Is useful for
poor, dry soil and coastal gardens. May be
grown as a hedge. Prefers full sun and not
too rich, well-drained soil. Remove dead
wood in winter and cut back to restrict
growth if necessary. Cut back hedges hard
in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer, by seed in fall or by hardwood
cuttings in winter.

L. barbarum, syn. L. halimifolium
(Chinese box thorn). Deciduous, arching,
often spiny shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m).
Funnel-shaped, purple or pink flowers, in
late spring and summer, are followed by
spherical, orange-red berries. Leaves are
lance-shaped, bright green or gray-green.
Z6-9 H9-5.

L. halimifolium. See L. barbarum.

LYCORIS

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of late summer- and early fall¬
flowering bulbs, grown for their showy
flower heads on leafless stems. In colder
areas is best grown in pots. Needs sun,
well-drained soil and a warm period in
summer to ripen bulbs so they flower.
Provide regular liquid feed while in growth.
After summer dormancy, water from early
fall until following summer, when foliage
dies away. Propagate by seed when ripe
or in spring or summer or by offsets in
late summer.

L. aurea (Golden spider lily). Late
summer- and early fall-flowering bulb.

H 12-16in (30-40cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Produces a head of 5 or 6 bright yellow
flowers that have narrow, reflexed petals,
with very wavy margins, and conspicuous
stamens. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves are produced after flowering. Z8-10
H10-8.

L. radiata (Red spider lily), illus. p.410.

L. squamigera (Resurrection lily). Late
summer- or early fall-flowering bulb.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Bears a head of 6-8 fragrant, funnel-
shaped, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long,
with reflexed petal tips. Strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves are produced after
flowers. Z6-11 H12-6.

LYGODIUM

Climbing fern

SCH1ZAEACEAE/LYGODIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
climbing ferns, usually with two kinds of
fronds: vegetative and fertile. Needs full or
partial shade and rich, moist, peaty soil. Is
best grown among shrubby plants that can
provide support. Plants grown under glass
in pots need support. Remove faded fronds

LYSIMACHIA

regularly. Propagate by division in spring
or by fresh spores in summer.

L. japonicum (Japanese climbing fern).
Deciduous, climbing fern. H 6ft (2m),

S indefinite. Mid-green, vegetative fronds
consist of delicate, finger-shaped pinnae;
fertile fronds are broader and 3-5 lobed,
with a longer, terminal lobe. Z10-11 H12-9.

LYONIA

ERICACEAE

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their racemes of urn-shaped flowers.

Needs full or partial shade and moist,
peaty, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

L. ligustrina. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Oval, dark green leaves
set off dense racemes of white flowers from
mid- to late summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

L. ovalifolia. Deciduous or semievergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
red shoots and oval, dark green leaves.
Racemes of white flowers are borne in late
spring and early summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

LYONOTHAMNUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
sun or partial shade, a warm, sheltered
position and fertile, well-drained soil.

Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

L. floribundus (Catalina ironwood).

Evergreen tree grown only in the form

subsp. aspleniifolius. This is a slender L

tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has rather

stringy, reddish-brown bark and much

divided, fernlike, dark green leaves. Large,

flattened heads of 5-petaled, star-shaped

white flowers are produced in early

summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

LYSICHITON

Skunk cabbage

ARACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants and bog plants, grown for
their spathes and very large, glossy foliage.
Prefers full sun, but tolerates partial shade.
Tolerates still and running water. Propagate
by seed when fresh, in late summer.

L. americanum. See L. americanus.

L. americanus, syn. L. americanum , illus.
p.444.

L. camtschatcensis , illus. p.434.

LYSIMACHIA

Loosestrife

PRIMULACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
perennials, suitable for the border or rock
gardens. Prefers sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall.

L. clethroides, illus. p.437.

L. congestiflora 'Outback Sunset',
illus. p.323.

L. ephemerum. Neat, clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Erect,
terminal racemes of star-shaped, grayish-
white flowers are borne on slender stems 627
in summer, followed by light green seed _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

LYSIONOTUS

heads. Lance-shaped leaves are leathery
and glaucous.

L. nummularia (Creeping Jenny). 'Aurea',
illus. p.372.

L. punctata , illus. p.243.

LYSIONOTUS

GESNERIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, creeping, shrubby
perennials, grown for their relatively
large, tubular, inflated, white to pink
flowers. Requires partial or full shade
and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by cuttings in summer or by
seed in spring.

L. pauciflorus. Evergreen, suckering,
shrubby perennial. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 20in (50cm). Erect, woody stems have
ovate, toothed, rigid, leathery, dark green
leaves, 3 /4-174in (2-3cm) long, and bear
tubular, purple-striped, pale lilac flowers
in summer-fall.

LYTHRUM

Loosestrife

LYTHRACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials that
thrive by the waterside and in bog gardens.
Needs sun or partial shade and moist or
wet soil. Propagate cultivars by division in
spring, species by seed or division in
spring or fall. Some species have become
noxious weeds in the USA.

L. salicaria (Purple loosestrife).
'Feuerkerze', syn. L. salicaria Tire
Candle', illus. p.234. Tire Candle'. See
L. salicaria 'Feuerkerze'. 'Robert' is a
clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 18in (45cm). Produces racemes of
4-petaled, clear pink flowers from mid-
to late summer. Leaves are mid-green
and lance-shaped. Z3-9 H9-1.

L. virgatum (Purple loosestrife). 'Rose
Queen' Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Racemes of 4-petaled,
star-shaped, light pink flowers are
produced from mid- to late summer above
lance-shaped, hairless, mid-green leaves.
Z4-9 H9-1. 'The Rocket', S lVrft (45cm),
has slender spikes of rose-red flowers. Is
good for a waterside or bog garden. Z4-9
H9-1.

628

M

MAACKIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees, grown for their foliage and flowers.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall.

M. amurensis, illus. p.85.

MACADAM IA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage and fruits. Prefers full light,
though some shade is tolerated. Needs
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
freely while in full growth, moderately
at other times. Pruning is not usually
necessary, but is tolerated in fall.
Propagate by seed when ripe, in fall,
or in spring.

M. integrifolia (Macadamia nut,
Queensland nut). Spreading tree. H and
S 50ft (15m). Has whorls of leathery, semi¬
glossy leaves and edible, brown nuts in fall.
Produces panicles of small, creamy-yellow
flowers in spring. Z13-15 H12-11.

MACFADYENA

syn. DOXANTHA

Cat's claw vine

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their
foxglove-like flowers. Needs full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
regularly when in full growth, less at
other times. Provide support for stems.
Thin out crowded shoots after flowering
or in spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

M. unguis-cati, syn. Bignonia unguis-cati,
Doxantha unguis-cati (Common cat's claw
vine). Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. H 25-30ft
(8-10m). Leaves have 2 leaflets and a
tendril. Has yellow flowers, 4in (10cm)
long, in late spring or early summer.

Zll-15 H12-10.

MACKAYA

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen
shrub, grown for its flowers and overall
appearance. Requires full light or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water container plants freely when in
full growth, moderately at other times.
Pruning is tolerated in winter if
necessary. Propagate by greenwood
cuttings in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

M. bella , syn. Asystasia bella. Evergreen,
erect, then spreading, well-branched
shrub. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m).
Leaves are oval, pointed, glossy and mid-
to deep green. Has spikes of tubular, dark-
veined, lavender flowers, each with 5 large,
flared petal lobes, from spring to fall. In
warm conditions, above 55°F (13°C), will
flower into winter. Z9-11 H12-9.

MACLEAN IA

ERICACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer¬
flowering shrubs and scrambling
climbers, grown mainly for their flowers.
Needs partial shade and rich, well-
drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container specimens moderately when
in full growth, less at other times. Long
shoots may be shortened in winter or
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring, by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by layering in fall.

M. insignis. Evergreen, scrambling
climber with erect, sparingly branched,
wandlike stems. H 10ft (3m), S 3-10ft
(l-3m). Has oval, leathery, deep green
leaves, red-flushed when young. Tubular,
waxy, scarlet flowers, with white tips,
hang in clusters in summer. Needs
support.

MACLEAYA

Plume poppy

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their overall appearance.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.

May spread rapidly. Propagate by
division in early spring or by root
cuttings in winter.

M. cordata, syn. Bocconia cordata
(Plume poppy). Spreading, clump¬
forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more,
S 2ft (60cm) or more. Large, rounded,
lobed, gray-green leaves, gray-white
beneath, are produced at base of plant
and up lower parts of stems. Large,
feathery panicles of creamy-white
flowers are produced in summer.
Z4-8H8-1.

M. microcarpa 'Kelway's Coral
Plume', illus. p.216.

MACLURA

MORACEAE ~

Genus of 15 species of evergreen or
deciduous trees, shrubs and climbers,
grown for their foliage and unusual fruits.
Both male and female trees need to be
planted to obtain fruits. Young plants are
susceptible to cold damage. Requires full
sun and needs hot summers to thrive in
cold areas. Grows in any but waterlogged
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer, by seed in fall or by root cuttings
in late winter.

M. aurantiaca. See M. pomifera.

M. pomifera, syn. M. aurantiaca (Osage
orange). Deciduous, rounded, spreading
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has spiny
shoots and oval, dark green leaves that
turn yellow in fall. Tiny, cup-shaped, yellow
flowers in summer are followed on female
trees by large, rounded, wrinkled, pale
green fruits. Z5-9 H9-5.

M. tricuspidata , syn. Cudrania
tricuspidata. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Bears oval,
dark green leaves that are sometimes
3-lobed. Produces small, rounded clusters
of tiny, green flowers in mid-summer.

Z5-9 H9-5.

Macrotomia echioides. See Arnebia
pulchra.

MACROZAMIA

ZAMIACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, evergreen shrubs
and small trees, with or without trunks,
grown for their palmlike appearance.

Mature plants may produce conical, green
flower spikes. Needs full light or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately when in full
growth, less at other times. Propagate by
seed in spring.

M. corallipes. See M. spiralis.

M. spiralis, syn. M. corallipes. Evergreen,
palmlike shrub with a very short, mainly
underground trunk. H and S 2—3ft (60cm-
lm). Has a rosette of deep green leaves,
each with a spirally twisted midrib and very
narrow, leathery leaflets. Z10-13 H12-10.

MAGNOLIA

Magnolia

MAGNOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for
their showy, usually fragrant flowers.
Leaves are mainly oval. Flowers and buds
of early-flowering magnolias may be
damaged by late frosts. Needs sun or
partial shade and shelter from strong
winds. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil.

M. delavayi, M. kobus, M. sieboldii and
M. wilsonii grow on chalky soil. Other
species prefer neutral to acidic soil, but will
tolerate alkaline soil if deep and rich. Dry,
sandy soils should be generously enriched
with manure and leaf mold before planting.
Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed, when ripe, in fall,
selected forms by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by grafting in winter. See also
feature pp. 70-71.

M. acuminata (Cucumber tree magnolia).
Vigorous, deciduous tree, conical when
young, later spreading. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft
(10m). Has fragrant, cup-shaped, bluish-
green flowers from early to mid-summer
amid large, oval, pale green leaves,
followed by small, egg-shaped, green, later
red fruits. Z4-8 H8-2.

M. 'Ann', illus. p.70. Deciduous, erect,
multi-stemmed tree. H and S to 20ft (6m).
Has oval, deep green leaves. In spring
produces an abundance of fragrant,
narrowly goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-red
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

M. Rlack T\jlip ('Jurmagl'), illus. p.70.
Deciduous, densely branched tree. H to
40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, goblet¬
shaped, deep wine-red flowers borne in
early spring before the large, oval, mid¬
green leaves unfold.

M. x brooklynensis 'Yellow Bird', illus.
p.70. Deciduous, upright, slightly pyramidal
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has oval,
mid-green leaves. Goblet-shaped, dark
yellow flowers, sometimes tinted green,
are borne in spring. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. 'Butterflies', illus. p.70. Deciduous,
upright tree. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval,
mid-green leaves. Goblet- to tulip-shaped,
bright deep yellow flowers, in mid-spring,
open wide as they mature to reveal orange-
red stamens. Z4-9 H9-1.

M. campbellii. Deciduous tree, upright
when young, later spreading. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). Large, slightly fragrant, cup-
and-saucer-shaped, pale to deep pink

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

flowers are borne on leafless branches
from late winter to mid-spring on trees
15-20 years old or more. Leaves are
large, oval and mid-green. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Charles RaffilT bears purplish-pink
flowers. 'Darjeeling' has very deep pink
flowers. 'Kew's Surprise' produces
deep purplish-pink flowers, subsp.
mollicomata (illus. p.70) has lilac-pink
flowers slightly earlier in year.

M. 'Charles Coates'. Deciduous,
rounded, open, spreading tree. H 70ft
(19m), S 25ft (8m). Extremely fragrant,
saucer-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with
conspicuous, red stamens, are produced in
late spring and early summer amid large,
light green leaves. Z6-9 H9-8.

M. cylindrica. Deciduous, spreading tree
or large shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Fragrant,
goblet- to cup-shaped, creamy-white
flowers are produced in mid-spring, after
which young leaves turn dark green.

Z6-9 H9-6.

M. cylindrica of gardens. See M 'Pegasus'.
M. dawsoniana. Deciduous tree or shrub,
with a broadly oval head. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). In early spring, large, fragrant,
pendent, open cup-shaped, pale lilac-pink
flowers are borne profusely on older
plants (20 years from seed, 10 years from
grafting). Leaves are oval, leathery and
deep green. Z7-9 H9-7.

M. delavayi. Evergreen, rounded, dense
shrub or tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Large,
slightly fragrant, bowl-shaped, parchment-
white flowers are short-lived and open
intermittently from mid-summer to early
fall. Large, oval leaves are deep blue-green
above and bluish-white beneath. Z8-9 H9-8.
M. denudata , syn. M. heptapeta (Lily tree,
Yulan). Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub
or spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
masses of fragrant, cup-shaped, white
flowers, from mid- to late spring, before
oval, mid-green leaves are produced. Z6-9
H9-6.

M. doltsopa. See Michelia doltsopa.

M. 'Elizabeth', illus. p.70. Deciduous,
multi-stemmed, conical tree. H to 25ft (8m),
S to 20ft (6m). In spring produces fragrant,
cup-shaped, primrose-yellow flowers, with
6-9 petals and red stamens. Obovate, dark
green leaves are coppery in color when
they unfold in spring. Z6-9 H9-5.

M. figo. See Michelia figo.

M. fraseri (Fraser magnolia). Deciduous,
spreading, open tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft
(8m). Fragrant, narrowly goblet-shaped,
white or pale yellow flowers are borne in
late spring and early summer amid large,
pale green leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. 'Galaxy', illus. p.70. Deciduous, conical
to upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m).
Large, slightly fragrant, narrowly goblet¬
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers, purple-red
outside, open from deep purple buds in
early spring before elliptic, mid-green
leaves emerge. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. globosa. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 15ft (5m). In early summer, large,
oval, glossy, dark green leaves set off
fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white
flowers with red anthers.

M. grandiflora (Southern magnolia).
Evergreen, broadly conical or rounded,
dense tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears large,
very fragrant, bowl-shaped, white flowers
intermittently from mid-summer to early
fall. Has oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green

leaves. Z7-9 H9-1. 'Exmouth' (illus. p.70)
produces creamy-white flowers and
narrow, leathery leaves. 'Ferruginea'
produces dark green leaves that are rust-
brown beneath. Z8-9 H9-8.

M. 'Heaven Scent', illus. p.72.

M. heptapeta. See M. denudata.

M. hypoleuca. SeeM. obovata.

M. insignis. See Manglietia insignis.

M. x kewensis 'Wada's Memory'. See
M. salicifolia 'Wada's Memory'.

M. kobus. Deciduous, broadly conical
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears a
profusion of fragrant, cup-and-saucer-
shaped, pure white flowers, in mid-spring,
before small, slightly aromatic, dark green
leaves are produced. Z5-9 H9-5.

M. liliiflora, syn. M. quinquepeta (Lily-
flowered magnolia). Deciduous, bushy
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant,
upright, goblet-shaped, purplish-pink
flowers are borne amid oval, very dark
green leaves from mid-spring to mid¬
summer. Z4-9 H9-1. 'Nigra' (illus. p.70)
has large, deep purple flowers.

M. x loebneri. 'Merrill' has funnel-
shaped, white flowers. 'Leonard Messel'
(illus. p.70) Deciduous, upright shrub or
small tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In mid¬
spring, fragrant, star-shaped flowers with
many pale lilac-pink petals are produced
before and after oval, deep green leaves
emerge. Z5-9 H9-5.

M. macrophylla (Bigleaf magnolia).
Deciduous, broadly upright tree,
becoming rounded with age. H and S 30ft
(10m). Produces sturdy, blue-gray shoots
and very large, oval, bright green leaves.
Large, fragrant, bowl-shaped,
parchment-white flowers are borne in
early summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. 'Manchu Fan'. Vigorous, deciduous
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). In
late spring has large, goblet-shaped,
creamy-white flowers with usually 9 petals,
the inner ones flushed purple-pink at base.
Leaves are ovate. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. 'Norman Gould'. Deciduous,
spreading tree or bushy shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Silky buds open into fragrant, star¬
shaped, white flowers in mid-spring.

Leaves are oblong and dark green. Z6-9
H9-6.

M. obovata, syn. M. hypoleuca (Japanese
bigleaf magnolia, Whitebark magnolia).
Vigorous, deciduous, upright tree. H 50ft
(15m), S 30ft (10m). Large, fragrant, cup¬
shaped, pink-flushed, white or pale cream
flowers, with crimson stamens, are
produced in early summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

M. 'Pegasus', syn. M. cylindrica.
Deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed tree,
initially vase-shaped, later spreading.

H and S 20ft (6m). Has elliptic, dark green
leaves, pale green beneath. In spring,
before and with the young leaves, produces
cup-shaped, creamy-white or yellowish-
white flowers, suffused purplish-pink at
bases.

M. 'Pinkie', illus. p.70. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S to 12ft (4m). In spring
produces cup-shaped, pale pinkish-purple
flowers, with white inner surfaces, followed
by ovate to elliptic, mid-green leaves.

M. quinquepeta. See M. liliiflora.

M. 'Ricki'. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H and S 12ft (4m). Goblet-shaped flowers,
each with 15 twisted petals that are pink to
dark purple-pink at bases, are produced from

dark purple-pink buds in mid-spring. Leaves
are broadly oval and mid-green. Z6-9 H9-6.
M. salicifolia (Anise magnolia. Willow¬
leaved magnolia). Deciduous, conical tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has aromatic, oval
leaves, mid-green above, gray-white
beneath. Fragrant, star-shaped, pure white
flowers are produced in mid-spring before
foliage emerges. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Wada's
Memory', syn. M. x kewensis 'Wada's
Memory 7 has dark green foliage and a
profusion of large flowers borne from mid-
to late spring.

M. sargentiana. Deciduous, broadly
conical tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Large, fragrant, narrowly bowl-shaped,
many-petaled flowers, white inside,
purplish-pink outside, are borne from mid-
to late spring, before oval, dark green
leaves emerge. Z7-9 H9-7.

M. sieboldii (Oyama magnolia).
Deciduous, arching shrub or wide-
spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), S 40ft (12m).
Fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with
crimson anthers, are produced above oval,
dark green leaves from late spring to late
summer. Z6-9 H9-6. subsp. sinensis , syn.
M. sinensis has slightly larger, fully pendent
flowers and more rounded, oval leaves.

M. sinensis. See M. sieboldii subsp.
sinensis.

M. x soulangeana (Saucer magnolia).

Z5-9 H8-7. 'Alba'. See M. x soulangeana
'Alba Superba'. 'Alba Superba', syn.

M. x soulangeana 'Alba' is a deciduous,
rounded, spreading shrub or small tree.

H and S 20ft (6m). Bears large, fragrant,
tulip-like, white flowers, faintly flushed
with pink at bases, from mid- to early
spring, the first before mid- to dark green
leaves emerge. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Brozzonii',

H 25ft (8m), is treelike, with large, purple-
flushed, white flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

'Etienne Soulange-Rodin' bears purple-
flushed, white flowers. Flowers of 'Lennei'
are large, goblet-shaped and deep rose-
purple. 'Lennei Alba' has ivory-white
flowers. 'Picture', H 25ft (8m), is vigorous,
compact and upright, with large, erect,
deep reddish-purple flowers. 'Rubra' of
gardens. See M. x soulangeana 'Rustica
Rubra'. 'Rustica Rubra', syn. M. x
soulangeana 'Rubra' (illus. p.70) has
purplish-red flowers suffused pink.

M. sprengeri. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). In mid¬
spring has fragrant, bowl-shaped, white
flowers, sometimes fringed with red or pale
pink, before oval, dark green leaves are
produced. Z7-9 H9-7. var. diva (illus. p.70)
bears rich deep pink flowers, paler inside.
'Wakehurst' has deep purplish-pink
flowers.

M. stellata (Star magnolia. Swamp
magnolia). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant, star¬
shaped, pure white flowers, with many
narrow petals sometimes faintly pink
flushed, open from silky buds from early to
mid-spring. Leaves are narrow and deep
green. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Rosea' (illus. p.70) has
warm pink buds that open pale pink.
'Waterlily' (illus. p.70) has large, white
flowers with many petals.

M. tripetala (Umbrella tree magnolia).
Deciduous, spreading, open tree, conical
when young. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has
large, dark green leaves, clustered around
shoot tips, and rather unpleasantly scented.

MAHONIA

cup-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with
narrow petals, in late spring and early
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

M. x veitchii 'Peter Veitch'. Fast¬
growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 60ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Produces large,
fragrant, goblet-shaped, pale pink and
white flowers in mid-spring, before dark
green leaves emerge. Usually flowers
within 10 years of planting. Z7-9 H9-7.

M. virginiana (Sweetbay magnolia).
Deciduous or semievergreen, conical shrub
or tree. H 28ft (9m), S 20ft (6m). Has very
fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white
flowers from early summer to early fall.
Oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green leaves
are bluish-white beneath. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. 'Vulcan', illus. p.70. Deciduous, open-
branched tree. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m). Has
oval, mid-green leaves. In spring bears
large, cup- to goblet-shaped, erect, deep
wine-red flowers, with outward curved
petals. Flowers from a young age.

M. x watsonii. See M. x wieseneri.

M. x wieseneri, syn. M. x watsonii, illus.
p.70. Deciduous, spreading, open tree or
shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m). Rounded,
white buds open in late spring to early
summer to fragrant, bowl-shaped, creamy-
white flowers, flushed pink outside and
with crimson stamens. Z7-9 H9-7.

M. wilsonii, illus. p.70. Deciduous,
spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft
(7m). In late spring and early summer,
fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with
crimson stamens, hang from arching
branches amid narrow, dark green leaves.
Z7-9 H9-7.

x MAHOBERBERIS

BERBERIDACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Berberis x Mahonia ) of
evergreen shrubs, grown for their foliage,
flowers and botanical interest. Needs sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

x M. aquisargentii. Evergreen, upright,
densely leaved shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
Leaves are bright green, often with 3
leaflets, some oblong and finely toothed,
others holly-shaped. Terminal clusters of
berberis-like, yellow flowers are sparsely
produced in late spring. Z6-8 H8-6.

MAHONIA

BERBERIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
foliage, their usually short racemes of often
fragrant, rounded, bell-shaped, yellow
flowers and, with tall species and cultivars,
for their deeply fissured bark. Large
mahonias make good specimen plants; low-
growing ones are excellent for groundcover.
Prefers full or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained but not too dry soil. Propagate
species by leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall, selected forms by
leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings only.

M. acanthifolia. See M. napaulensis.

M. aquifoiium, illus. p.148.

M. bealei. See M. japonica Bealei Group.
M. 'Heterophylla'. Evergreen, upright
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has reddish-
purple shoots and glossy, bright green
leaves, divided into 5 or 7 narrowly lance¬
shaped, wavy-edged or curled leaflets

629

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MAIANTHEMUM

that turn reddish-purple in winter. Small
clusters of yellow flowers are produced
in spring. Z9-10 H10-9.

M. japonica, illus. p.144. Bealei Group,
syn. M. bealei (Leatherleaf mahonia) is an
evergreen, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft
(3m). Has blue-green leaves divided into
broad, spiny leaflets. Long, spreading
sprays of fragrant, pale yellow flowers, in
short, upright racemes, are borne from late
fall to spring and followed by purple-blue
fruits. Z7-8 H8-7.

M. lomariifolia. Evergreen, very upright
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Large, dark
green leaves each have 19-37 narrow, holly¬
like, spiny leaflets. Fragrant, bright yellow
flowers are produced in dense, upright
racemes in late fall and winter. Z8-9 H9-5.
M. x media 'Buckland', illus. p.118.
'Charity', illus. p.118.

M. napaulensis , syn. M. acanthifolia.
Evergreen, upright, open shrub. H 8ft (2.5m),
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are composed of up to 15
holly-like, spiny, dark green leaflets.
Produces long, slender racemes of yellow
flowers in early and mid-spring. Z8-9 H9-8.
M. repens (Creeping mahonia).

Evergreen, upright shrub that spreads by
underground stems. H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft
(2m). Blue-green leaves each consist of
3-7 oval leaflets, with bristly teeth. Dense
clusters of deep yellow flowers are borne
from mid- to late spring. Z5-8 H8-3.

M. x wagneri 'Undulata'. Evergreen,
upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Glossy, dark
green leaves each have 5-9 holly-like, wavy-
edged leaflets that become bronzed in
winter. Bears dense clusters of deep yellow
flowers in mid- and late spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

MAIANTHEMUM

May lily

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of perennials with extensive,
spreading rhizomes. Is useful as
groundcover in woodlands and wild areas.
Prefers full or partial shade and rich, moist,
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by
seed in fall or by division in any season.

M. bifolium, illus. p.348.

M. canadense. Vigorous, groundcover,
rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S indefinite. Has large, upright, oval, wavy-
edged, glossy leaves. Slender stems bear
sprays of small, white flowers in late spring
and early summer followed by red berries.
Z4-7 H7-1.

M. racemosum. See Smilacina racemosa.

MAIHUENIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, summer¬
flowering, alpine cacti, clump-forming with
age, with cylindrical stems. Requires sun
and well-drained soil. Protect from winter
rain. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

M. poeppigii, illus. p.490.

MALCOLM IA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

630

Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring, summer
or early fall. Self-seeds freely.

M. Maritima, illus. p.304.

MALEPHORA

AIZOACEAE

Genus of erect or spreading, perennial
succulents with semicylindrical leaves.
Needs sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

M. crocea, illus. p.496.

MALOPE

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their showy
flowers that are ideal for cutting. Needs
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring. Self-seeds freely.

M. trifida, illus. p.305.

MALUS

Apple, Flowering crabapple
ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, mainly spring¬
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their
shallowly cup-shaped flowers, fruits, foliage
or fall color. Crab apples may be used to
make preserves. Prefers full sun, but
tolerates partial shade; grows in any but
waterlogged soil. In winter, cut out dead
or diseased wood and prune to maintain
a balanced branch system. Propagate by
budding in late summer or by grafting in
mid-winter. Trees are sometimes attacked by
aphids, caterpillars and red spider mite, and
are susceptible to fireblight and apple scab.
M. 'Almey'. Deciduous, rounded tree.

H and S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are reddish-
purple when young, maturing to dark
green. Single, deep pink flowers, with paler
pink, almost white centers, in late spring
are followed by long-lasting, rounded,
orange-red crab apples, which are subject
to apple scab.

M. x arnoldiana, illus. p.82.

M. x atrosanguinea. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Produces
oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Red flower
buds open to single, rich pink flowers in
late spring. Bears small, rounded, red-
flushed, yellow crab apples. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. baccata (Siberian crabapple).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft
(15m). Has oval, dark green leaves and a
profusion of single, white flowers from
mid- to late spring followed by tiny,
rounded, red or yellow crab apples in fall.
Z3-7 H7-1. var. mandschurica illus. p.69.
M. 'Chilko'. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 25ft (8m). Oval, dark green leaves
are reddish-purple when young. Has
single, rose-pink flowers in mid-spring,
followed by large, rounded, bright crimson
crab apples. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. coronaria 'Charlottae'. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Broadly
oval, lobed or deeply toothed leaves are
dark green, turning red in fall. Semidouble,
pale pink flowers are borne in late spring
and early summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. 'Cowichan', illus. p.90.

M. 'Dorothea'. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Semidouble, silvery-
pink flowers, red in bud, are borne in late
spring, followed by rounded, yellow crab
apples. Oval leaves are mid-green. Is prone
to apple scab.

M. 'Eleyi', syn. M. x purpurea 'Eleyi'.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft

(8m). Oval leaves are dark reddish-purple
when young, dark green when mature.
Bears single, deep purplish-red flowers
from mid- to late spring, followed by
rounded, purplish-red crab apples.

M. floribunda, illus. p.84.

M. 'Frettingham's Victoria'. Deciduous,
upright tree. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Single,
white flowers, borne amid oval, dark green
leaves in late spring, are followed by
rounded, red-flushed, yellow crab apples.
M. 'Golden Hornet', syn. M. x zumi
'Golden Hornet', illus. p.92.

M. x hartwigii 'Katherine'. See M.
'Katherine'.

M. 'Hopa'. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, dark green leaves
are reddish-purple when young. Single,
deep pink flowers in mid-spring are followed
by rounded, orange-and-red crab apples.

M. hupehensis, illus. p.69.

M. 'John Downie', illus. p.91.

M. 'Katherine', syn. M. x hartwigii
'Katherine'. Deciduous, round-headed tree.
H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, mid-green
leaves. Large, double, pale pink flowers,
fading to white, from mid- to late spring,
are followed by tiny, rounded, yellow-
flushed, red crab apples. Z3-9 H9-1.

M. 'Lemoinei', syn. M. x purpurea
'Lemoinei', illus. p.84.

M. x magdeburgensis, illus. p.83.

M. 'Marshall Oyama', illus. p.90.

M. x moerlandsii 'Profusion'. See
M. 'Profusion'.

M. 'Neville Copeman', syn. M. x
purpurea 'Neville Copeman'. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Oval,
dark green leaves are purplish-red when
young. Single, dark purplish-pink flowers,
borne from mid- to late spring, are
followed by rounded, orange-red to
carmine crab apples.

M. niedzwetskyana, syn. M. pumila var.
niedzwetskyana. Deciduous, spreading tree.
H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are red
when young, maturing to purple. Produces
clusters of single, deep reddish-purple
flowers in late spring, followed by very
large, conical, reddish-purple crab apples.
M. prattii. Deciduous tree, upright when
young, later spreading. H and S 30ft
(10m). Oval, red-stalked, glossy, mid¬
green leaves become orange and red in
fall. Single, white flowers in late spring
are followed by small, rounded or egg-
shaped, white-flecked, red crab apples.
Z5-8 H8-5.

M. 'Professor Sprenger', illus. p.91.

M. 'Profusion', syn. M. x moerlandsii
'Profusion', illus. p.71.

M. prunifolia, illus. p.90.

M. pumila var. niedzwetskyana. See
M. niedzwetskyana.

M. x purpurea. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, young
leaves are reddish, maturing to green.
Single, deep ruby-red flowers, becoming
paler with age, are produced in late spring
and are followed by rounded, reddish-
purple crab apples. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Eleyi'. See
M. 'Eleyi'. 'Lemoinei'. See M. 'Lemoinei'.
'Neville Copeman'. SeeM. 'Neville
Copeman'.

M. x robusta. Vigorous, deciduous,
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m).
Bears masses of single, white or pink
flowers above oval, dark green leaves in
late spring. These are followed by long-

lasting, rounded, yellow or red crab apples.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Yellow Siberian' produces
white flowers, which are sometimes pink-
tinged, and yellow crab apples. Z4-8 H8-4.
M. 'Royalty', illus. p.84.

M. sargentii, illus. p.110. Deciduous,
spreading shrub with arching branches.

H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m). Dark green leaves,
often lobed, turn red or yellow in fall. Bears
white or pale to deep pink flowers in mid¬
spring followed by small, red or yellow
fruits.

M. x scheidekeri 'Red Jade'. Deciduous,
weeping tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). In
late spring has single, white flowers,
sometimes pale pink-flushed, followed by
long-lasting, rounded to egg-shaped, red
crab apples. Leaves are dark green and
oval. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. 'Snowcloud', illus. p.81.

M. spectabilis (Chinese flowering
crabapple). Deciduous, round-headed tree.
H and S 30ft (10m). Has oval, dark green
leaves. Large, single, blush-pink flowers,
rose-red in bud, from mid- to late spring,
are followed by large, rounded, yellow crab
apples. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. toringoides. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
lobed, glossy, bright green leaves turn
yellow in fall. Bears single, white flowers in
late spring followed by rounded or egg-
shaped, red-flushed, yellow crab apples in
fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. transitoria. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
lobed, mid-green leaves turn yellow in fall.
Has masses of single, white flowers, in late
spring, followed by small, rounded, pale
yellow crab apples. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. trilobata. Deciduous, conical tree.

H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Has maple-like,
lobed, glossy, bright green leaves that often
become brightly colored in fall. Bears
single, white flowers, in early summer,
followed by small, rounded or pear-shaped,
red or yellow crab apples. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. tschonoskii, illus. p.77.

M. 'Van Eseltine'. Deciduous, upright
tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Bears double,
pink flowers, in late spring, followed by
rounded, yellow crab apples in fall. Has
oval, dark green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. 'Veitch's Scarlet', illus. p.89.

M. yunnanensis var. veitchii, illus. p.86.
M. x zumi var. calocarpa. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 9m (28ft), S 8m (25ft).

Dark green leaves are sometimes deeply
lobed. White flowers in late spring are
followed by dense clusters of long-lasting,
rounded, red crab apples in fall. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Golden Hornet'. See M. 'Golden Hornet'.

MALVA

Mallow

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and free-
flowering, short-lived perennials. Requires
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall, selected forms by
cuttings from firm, basal shoots in late
spring or summer. These shoots may be
encouraged by cutting plant back after first
flowers have faded.

M. moschata, illus. p.232.

Malvastrum capensis. See

Anisodontea capensis.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MALVAVISCUS

MALVACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers. Requires full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely in growing season,
moderately at other times. To maintain
shape, flowered stems may be cut back
hard in late winter. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
Whitefly and red spider mite may be
troublesome.

M. arboreus (Wax mallow). Vigorous,
evergreen, rounded shrub. H to 12ft (4m)
or more, S 5-10ft (1.5-3m). Ovate to heart-
shaped, toothed, bright green leaves are
soft-haired. Has bright red flowers, with
protruding stamens, in summer-fall.
Z14-15 H12-6.

MAM MILL ARIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of hemispherical, spherical or
columnar cacti, grown for their rings of
funnel-shaped flowers that develop near
crowns. Flowers, offsets and long, slender
to spherical seed pods grow between
tubercles on a spiny, green stem with
extended areoles. Requires full sun and
very well-drained soil. Keep completely
dry in winter, otherwise plants rot easily.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

M. bocasana, illus. p.480.

M. Candida. See Mammilloydia Candida.

M. centricirrha. See M. magnimamma.

M. conoidea. See Neolloydia conoidea.

M. crinita. See M. zeilmanniana.

M. densispina. Slow-growing, spherical,
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Has green stem densely covered with
sturdy, golden spines and, in spring,
yellow flowers, 72- 3 /4in (l-2cm) wide.
Z12-15 H12-10.

M. elegans of gardens. See M. haageana.
M. elongata, illus. p.494.

M. geminispina, illus. p.480.

M. gracilis. See M. vetula subsp. gracilis.
M. haageana, syn. M. elegans. Spherical
to columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in
(30cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears green stem
densely covered with short, bristly spines
and bright red flowers, Vi in (1cm)
across, in spring. Offsets occasionally.
Z12-15 H12-10.

M. hahniana, illus. p.479.

M. magnimamma, syn. M. centricirrha.
Clump-forming, perennial cactus. H 1ft
(30cm), S 2ft (60cm). Green stem has very
pronounced, angular, dark green tubercles
with white spines of variable length. Bears
cream, pink or red flowers, Vz-^Ain (l-2cm)
wide, in spring and possibly again in late
summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. microhelia, illus. p.491.

M. plumosa, illus. p.483.

M. prolifera (Strawberry cactus). Clump¬
forming, perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm),

S 12in (30cm). Green stem bears dense,
golden-yellow to white spines. Produces
masses of cream or yellow flowers, V 2 - 3 Ain
(l-2cm) wide, in summer, followed by
edible red berries that taste like
strawberries. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. rhodantha. Spherical to columnar,
perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Green
stem, branching from crown with age,
is densely covered with brown to yellow

spines, often curved. In late summer
produces bright red flowers, 72- 3 Ain
(l-2cm) across. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. schiedeana. Clump-forming,
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 12in
(30cm). Green stem is covered with short,
feathery, yellow spines that turn white.
Produces cream flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) long,
and narrow, red seed pods in late summer.
Z13-15 H12-10.

M. sempervivi, illus. p.484.

M. vetula subsp. gracilis, syn. M.
gracilis. Clump-forming, perennial cactus.
H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces
columnar, green stem densely covered
with pure white spines. In early summer
produces pale cream flowers, 72- 3 Ain
(l-2cm) across. Stem is shallow-rooted
and reroots readily. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. zeilmanniana, syn. M. crinita, illus.
p.486.

MAMMILLOYDIA

CATACEAE ~

Genus of a single species of clump-forming
cactus grown for ornamental spines and
rings of small flowers. Grow in well-
drained soil in full sun. Keep dry in winter.
Propagate by seed sown in spring.

M. Candida, syn. Mammillaria Candida.
Slow-growing, clump-forming, perennial
cactus. H and S 6in (15cm). Columnar,
green stem is densely covered with short,
stiff, white spines. Produces cream to rose
flowers, 1/2-34in (l-2cm) across, in spring.
Water sparingly in summer.

MANDEVILLA

syn. DIPLADENIA

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climbers, grown for their large, trumpet¬
shaped flowers. Needs light shade in
summer and well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, sparingly at other
times. Provide support and thin out and
spur back congested growth in early
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
and red spider mite may cause problems.

(D Contact with the sap may cause skin
irritation, and all parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

M. x amabilis 'Alice du Pont'. See
M. x amoena 'Alice du Pont'.

M. x amoena 'Alice du Pont', syn.

M. x amabilis 'Alice du Pont', illus. p.461.

M. boliviensis, syn. Dipladenia
boliviensis. Vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m).
Oblong, pointed leaves are lustrous green.
Has small clusters of large, trumpet¬
shaped, white flowers, with gold eyes, in
summer. Z13-15 H12-1.

M. laxa, syn. M. suaveolens, M. tweediana
(Chilean jasmine). Fast-growing, deciduous
or semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Oval
leaves have heart-shaped bases. Clusters
of fragrant, white flowers are borne in
summer. Z12-15 H12-1.

M. splendens, syn. Dipladenia splendens,
illus. p.460.

M. suaveolens. See M. laxa.

M. tweediana. See M. laxa.

MANDRAGORA

Mandrake

SOLANACEAE

Genus of rosetted perennials with large,
deep, fleshy roots. Needs sun or partial
shade and deep, rich, well-drained soil.
Resents being transplanted. Propagate by
seed in fall. ® Alkaloids in the plant may
be harmful if ingested.

M. officinarum, illus. p.356.

MANETTIA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, soft- or semiwoody-
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
their small but showy flowers. Needs
partial shade in summer and rich, well-
drained soil. Water regularly, sparingly
when temperatures are low. Stems need
support. Cut back if required in spring.
Propagate by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer. Whitefly is sometimes
a problem.

M. bicolor. See M. luteorubra.

M. cordifolia (Firecracker vine). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, soft-stemmed,
twining climber. H 6ft (2m) or more.

Has narrowly heart-shaped, glossy
leaves. Funnel-shaped, red flowers,
sometimes yellow flushed on lobes, are
produced in small clusters in summer.
Z12-15 H12-10.

M. in Hal a. See M. luteorubra.

M. luteorubra, syn. M. bicolor, M. inflata
(Brazilian firecracker). Fast-growing,
evergreen, semiwoody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 6ft (2m). Has glossy leaves and
small, funnel-shaped, red flowers, with
yellow tips, in spring-summer. Z12-15
H12-10.

Manfreda maculosa. See Agave
maculosa.

MANGLIETIA

MAGNOLIACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Needs full light
or partial shade and rich, moist but well-
drained, acidic soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, less at other
times. Pruning is tolerated if necessary.
Propagate by seed in spring.

M. insignis, syn. Magnolia insignis.
Evergreen, broadly conical tree.

H 25-40ft (8-12m) or more, S 10-15ft
(3-5m) or more. Leaves are narrowly
oval, lustrous, dark green above, bluish-
green beneath. In early summer produces
solitary, magnolia-like, pink to carmine
flowers that are cream-flushed. Zll
H12-10.

MARANTA

MARANTACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
for their distinctively patterned, colored
foliage. Needs constant, high humidity, a
shaded position away from drafts or wind
and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring or summer or by
stem cuttings in summer.

M. leuconeura (Prayer plant). Z14-15
H12-1. 'Erythroneura', syn. M.
leuconeura 'Erythrophylla' illus. p.475.

MASDEVALLIA

'Erythrophylla'. See M. leuconeura
'Erythroneura'. 'Kerchoveana', illus.
p.475. 'Massangeana' is an evergreen,
short-stemmed perennial, branching
at base. H and S 1ft (30cm). Each oblong,
velvety, dark green leaf, 6in (15cm)
long, has a wide, irregular, pale midrib,
white, lateral veins and is often
purplish-green below. Leaves stand
upright at night but lie flat during the
day. Bears small, 3-petaled, white to
mauve flowers in slender, upright spikes
year-round.

Marginatocereus marginatus. See

Pachycereus marginatus.

MARGYRICARPUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
fruits. Is good for rock gardens. Needs a
sheltered, sunny position and well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
early summer or by seed in fall.

M. pinnatus, syn. M. setosus (Pearl fruit).
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 9-12in
(23-30cm), S 3ft (lm). Has dark green leaves
divided into linear, silky leaflets. Has tiny,
inconspicuous, green flowers, in early
summer, followed by small, globose, glossy,
white fruits. Z8-10 H10-8.

M. setosus. See M. pinnatus.

Marsdenia erecta. See Cionura erecta.

MARTYNIA

PEDALIACEAE

Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers
and horned fruits. Requires a sunny,
sheltered site and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed sown under glass
in early spring.

M. annua, illus. p.300.

M. louisianica. See Proboscidea
louisianica.

MASDEVALLIA

ORCHIDACEAE _

See also ORCHIDS.

M. coccinea, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6in (15cm). Narrowly oval leaves are
4in (10cm) long. Bears rich cerise flowers,
3in (8cm) long, in summer. Needs shade
in summer. HI 1-6.

M. infracta. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm).
Narrowly oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long.
Bears rounded, red-and-white flowers, 2in
(5cm) long, with tail-like, greenish sepals,
in summer. Needs shade from hot summer
sun. Z14-15 H12-6.

M. tovarensis, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6in (15cm). Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm)
long, and in fall milky-white flowers, HAin
(4cm) long, with short-tailed sepals, singly
or up to 3 to a stem. Needs shade in
summer. HI 1-6.

M. wagneriana, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 3in (8cm). Narrowly oval leaves are 4in
(10cm) long. Bears pale yellow flowers,
HAin (4cm)) long, with long, tail-like
sepals, singly or in pairs in summer. Needs
summer shade. Z14-15 H12-6.

631

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MATHIASELLA

MATHIASELLA

APIACEAE/UM BELLI FERAE ~

Genus of one species of perennial, grown
for its umbels of bell-shaped, green flowers
and silvery-blue leaves. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Needs good winter
drainage.

M. bupleuroides 'Green Dream', illus.
p.242.

MATTEUCCIA

DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous ferns.
Prefers partial shade and wet soil. Remove
faded fronds regularly and divide plants
when crowded. Propagate by division in
fall or winter.

M. orientalis. Deciduous, rhizomatous
fern. H and S to 3ft (lm). Produces
"shuttlecock" of sterile, arching, broadly
ovate, divided fronds, to 32in (80cm) long,
light green when young, becoming darker.
Fertile, erect, blackish-green fronds are
produced from center of plant in summer.
Z3-8H8-1.

M. struthiopteris, illus. p.443.

MATTHIOLA

Stock

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

M

632

Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials
and evergreen subshrubs. Flowers of
most annual or biennial stocks are highly
scented and excellent for cutting. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained, ideally lime-rich soil. Tall cultivars
may need support. If grown as biennials
outdoors, provide cloche protection in
winter. To produce flowers outdoors the
same summer, sow seed of annuals under
glass in early spring, or outdoors in mid¬
spring. Sow seed of perennials under glass
in spring. Propagate subshrubs by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Is prone to aphids,
flea beetle, club root, downy mildew and
botrytis.

M. Brompton Group. Fast-growing,
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Lance-shaped
leaves are grayish-green; long spikes of
highly scented flowers, in shades of pink,
red, purple, yellow or white, are borne in
summer. Z8-9 H9-1.

M. East Lothian Group. Group of fast¬
growing, upright, bushy biennials and
short-lived perennials, grown as annuals.

H and S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
grayish-green leaves and, in summer,
spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented,
4-petaled, single or double flowers, in
shades of pink, red, purple, yellow or
white. Z8-9 H9-1.

M. 'Giant Excelsior', illus. p.303.

M. 'Giant Imperial'. Fast-growing,
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual.

H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance¬
shaped, grayish-green leaves and long
spikes of highly scented, white to creamy-
yellow flowers in summer. Z8-9 H9-1.

M. incana (Stock). Fast-growing, upright,
bushy biennial or short-lived perennial,
grown as an annual. H 1—2ft (30-60cm),

S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-
green leaves and, in summer, scented,
4-petaled, light purple flowers borne in
spikes, 3-6in (7-15cm) long. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. 'Mammoth Column'. Fast-growing,
upright, bushy biennial or short-lived
perennial, grown as an annual. H to 272ft
(75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
grayish-green leaves and, in summer,
scented, 4-petaled flowers, available in
mixed or single colors, in spikes 12-15in
(30-38cm) long. Is excellent for cut flowers.
Z8-9 H9-1.

M. Park Series. Group of fast-growing,
upright, bushy biennials and short-lived
perennials, grown as annuals. H and S to
lft (30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are
grayish-green. In summer, spikes, 6in
(15cm) or more long, of scented, 4-petaled
flowers are borne in a wide range of colors.
Z8-9 H9-1.

M. Ten-week Group. Group of fast¬
growing, upright, bushy biennials and
short-lived perennials, grown as annuals.

H and S to lft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
grayish-green leaves. Scented, 4-petaled
flowers, in spikes 6in (15cm) or more long,
are produced in a wide range of colors in
summer. Dwarf and "selectable" cultivars
have double flowers. Z8-9 H9-1.

M. 'Trysomic'. Fast-growing, upright,
bushy biennial or short-lived perennial,
grown as an annual. H and S to lft (30cm).
Lance-shaped leaves are grayish-green.
Spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented,
mostly double flowers are produced in a
wide range of colors in summer. Z8-9
H9-1.

MATUCANA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of low-growing, spherical to shortly
cylindrical, solitary to clustering perennial
cacti, with thick, ribbed stems, often with
some spines, usually branching from the
base. Solitary, narrowly funnel-shaped
yellow, orange or red flowers are produced
around the stem tips in summer. Needs full
sun and very well-drained, slightly alkaline
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or
summer.

M. aurantiaca, syn. Oreocereus
aurantiacus. Spherical, perennial cactus.

H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm). Has
15-17-ribbed stem and elongated areoles
each bearing up to 30 spines. Produces
orange-yellow flowers in summer.

M. haynei. Slow-growing, spherical to
columnar, perennial cactus. H 24in (60cm),

S 4in (10cm). Has cylindrical, much-ribbed,
grass-green stem densely covered with
short, white or yellow spines. Produces red,
orange-brown or purple-crimson flowers
in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm)
high.

MAURANDYA

SCROPHULARIACEAE/

PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of twining, woody-based, perennial
climbers, suitable for growing against a
wall or for clothing a trellis. Needs full sun
and moderately fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by softwood cuttings in late spring.

M. barclayana, syn. Asarina barclayana.
Evergreen, soft-stemmed, scandent
climber, herbaceous in cold climates.

H to 6ft (2m). Has angular, heart-shaped,
hairless leaves. Trumpet-shaped, white,
pink or purple flowers, each with a green

or whitish throat, 272-3in (6-7cm) long,
are produced in summer-fall. Z9-10 H10-9.
M. erubescens. See Lophospermum
erubescens.

Maxillaria picta. See Brasiliorchis
picta.

Maxillaria porphyrosteie. See

Brasiliorchis porphyrosteie.

Maxillaria tenuifolia. See Maxillariella
tenuifolia.

MAXILLARIELLA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

M. tenuifolia, syn. Maxillaria tenuifolia.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant,
yellow flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, heavily
overlaid with red and with white lips,
are borne singly throughout summer.

Has narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm)
long. Needs good light in summer.

Z14-15 H12-6.

MAYTENUS

CELASTRACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for
their neat foliage. Requires sun or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by suckers in fall or spring.

M. bo aria, syn. M. chilensis (Mayten).
Evergreen, bushy-headed tree. H 30ft
(10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears narrowly oval,
glossy, dark green leaves on slender
shoots, and tiny, star-shaped, green flowers
in late spring. Z9-10 H10-9.

M. chilensis. See M. boaria.

MAZUS

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE

Genus of creeping, spring-flowering
perennials. Is useful for rock gardens
and in paving. Needs a sheltered, sunny
site and moist soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall.

M. reptans, illus. p.351.

MECONOPSIS

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some long-lived, some
short-lived and others monocarpic (die after
flowering), grown for their flowers. Needs
partial shade and, in warm areas, a cool
position. Most prefer rich, moist, neutral to
acidic soil. M baileyi and M. Infertile Blue
Group 'Crewdson Hybrid' tolerate more
alkaline soil. Propagate sterile perennial
hybrids and perennial species by division in
late summer or early spring, fertile species
and hybrids (that set viable seed) by seed in
late summer or winter. Division of perennial
species and cultivars is advisable every
3 years.

M. baileyi, syn. M. betonicifolia (Blue
poppy). Clump-forming perennial. H 3-4ft
(1-1.2m), S lVaft (45cm). Bears clusters of
cup-shaped, blue flowers in late spring and
early summer. Oblong, hairy, mid-green
leaves, with heart-shaped bases, are
produced in basal rosettes and in
decreasing size up flowering stems. Z7-8
H8-5. 'Alba' (illus. p.218), H 4-5ft (1.2-
1.5m), S lfc-2ft (45-60cm), has pure white
flowers in early summer.

M. betonicifolia of gardens. See
M. baileyi.

M. cambrica, illus. p.263.

M. x cookei 'Old Rose', illus. p.218.
Clump forming, long-lived perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
numerous pendent, cup-shaped, deep
pink flowers in late spring and early
summer. Has basal rosettes of oval-oblong,
bristly, mid-green leaves. Does not produce
viable seed.

M. Fertile Blue Group 'Lingholm',

illus. p.218. Clump-forming perennial.

H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S lV 2 -2ft (45-60cm). In
early summer bears clusters of shallow
cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers. Has rosettes
of oblong to oval-lance-shaped, slightly
toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. Divide
every 3 years to maintain vigor.

M. grandis, illus. p.218.

M. Infertile Blue Group 'Crewdson
Hybrid', illus. p.218. Clump forming, long-
lived perennial. H 3—4ft (1-1.2m), S iy2-2ft
(45-60cm). In early summer bears clusters
of funnel- to cup-shaped, clear deep blue
flowers. Has rosettes of oblong, hairy, mid¬
green leaves, with brownish tinge and
scalloped edges. 'Slieve Donard', illus.
p.218. Clump-forming, long-lived
perennial. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S lV*-2ft
(45-60cm). In early summer bears clusters
of shallow cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers.
Has rosettes of oblong to oval, hairy, mid¬
green leaves, with marginal teeth absent
or very few and tiny. Fertile seed is not
produced. Z7-8 H8-7.

M. integrifolia (Yellow Chinese poppy).
Rosette-forming biennial or short-lived
perennial. H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 24in
(60cm). Produces spikes of large, cup¬
shaped, pale yellow flowers in late
spring and early summer. Has large, oval-
oblong, hairy, pale green leaves. Z7-8 H8-7.
M. 'Jimmy Bayne' (George Sherriff
Group), illus. p.218. Rhizomatous, long-
lived perennial. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m), S lV*-2ft
(45-60cm). In early summer bears clusters
of shallowly bowl-shaped flowers, deep
blue or with a purplish tinge. Has rosettes
of oval-lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
leaves edged with rounded teeth.

M. 'Marit', illus. p.218. Clump forming,
long-lived perennial. H 4—5ft (1.2-1.5m),

S 172-2ft (45-60cm)). In early summer bears
clusters of cup-shaped, white to pale
creamy-white flowers. Has rosettes of
oblong to lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
leaves with regular and neatly toothed
edges. Divide every 3 years to maintain
vigor. Seed is not produced.

M. napaulensis of gardens (Satin poppy),
illus. p.218. Clump-forming, short-lived
perennial that dies after flowering. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces racemes of
nodding, shallowly cup-shaped, yellow, pink,
red or white flowers in late spring or early
summer. Bears large rosettes of oblong to
lance-shaped, deeply lobed and cut, hairy,
yellowish-green leaves. Z8-9 H9-8.

M. quintuplinervia (Harebell poppy).
Mat-forming perennial. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 12in (30cm). Cup-shaped,
nodding, lavender-blue flowers,
deepening to purple at bases, are borne
singly on hairy stems in late spring and
early summer above dense mat of large,
oblong to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Seed is notoriously difficult to germinate.
Z7-8 H8-7.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MEDICAGO

Alfafa, Medick

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and evergreen
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Is good in
mild, coastal areas as is very wind-resistant.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Cut out
dead wood in spring. Propagate shrubs by
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall or spring, annuals and
perennials by seed in fall or spring.

M. arborea. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Bears clusters of
small, pealike, yellow flowers from mid¬
spring to late fall or winter, followed by
curious, flattened, snail-like, green, then
brown seed pods. Dark green leaves,
divided into 3 narrowly triangular leaflets,
are silky-haired when young. Z7-9 H9-7.

MEDINILLA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling
climbers, grown for their flowers and
foliage. Needs partial shade and rich, well-
drained soil. Water container plants freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Propagate by greenwood cuttings
in spring or summer.

M. magnifica, illus. p.455.

MEEHANIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials often with creeping
stems, grown mainly as groundcover.
Prefers full or partial shade and well-
drained but not dry, rich soil. Propagate by
seed, division or stem cuttings in spring.

M. urticifolia. Trailing, hairy perennial
with long, creeping, leafy stems and erect
flowering stems. H to 1ft (30cm), S
indefinite. Oval to triangular, toothed leaves,
4in (10cm) or more long, are on creeping
stems—smaller on flowering stems. Whorls
of fragrant, 2-lipped, purplish-blue flowers,
to 2in (5cm) long, are borne in erect spikes
in late spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

Megasea. See Bergenia.

MELALEUCA

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer¬
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full
light and well-drained soil, preferably
without much nitrogen. Some species
tolerate waterlogged soils. Water container
specimens moderately, less in low
temperatures. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

M. armillaris (Bracelet honey myrtle).
Evergreen, rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub
or tree. H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 4-10ft (1.2-3m).
Has needlelike, deep green leaves and, in
summer, dense, bottlebrush-like clusters,
IV 4 —2V2in (3-6cm) long, each flower
consisting of a small brush of
white stamens. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. elliptica, illus. p.137.

M. hypericifolia. Evergreen, rounded
shrub. H and S 6-15ft (2-5m). Leaves are
oblong to elliptic and mid- to deep green
above, paler beneath. Small, red flowers,
with crimson stamens, 3 A-lin (2-2.5cm)

long, are produced in summer, mainly
in bottlebrush-like spikes, 172-3in (4-8cm)
long. Z12-15 H12-10.

M. nesophila, syn. M. nesophylla, illus.
p.133.

M. nesophylla. See M. nesophila.

M. quinquenervia. See M. viridiflora var.
rubri flora.

M. squarrosa (Scented paper-bark).
Evergreen, erect, wiry-stemmed shrub or
tree. H 10-20ft (3-6m), S 6-12ft (2-4m). Has
tiny, oval, deep green leaves. Bears spikes,
lVan (4cm) long, of scented flowers, with
cream stamens, in late spring and summer.
M. viridiflora var. rubriflora, syn.

M. quinquenervia (Paper-bark tree).
Strong-growing, evergreen, rounded
tree. H 20-40ft (6-12m), S 10-20ft (3-6m).
Leaves are elliptic and lustrous. Has
peeling, papery, tan-colored bark and,
in spring, small, white or creamy-pink
flowers in bottlebrush-like clusters.
Tolerates waterlogged soil. Z12-15 H12-10.

MELASPHAERULA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of spring-flowering
corm, grown mainly for botanical interest.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall
and keep watered until after flowering, then
dry off. Propagate by seed or offsets in fall.
M. graminea. See M. ramosa.

M. ramosa, syn. M. graminea. Spring¬
flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has narrowly sword-shaped,
semi-erect leaves in basal fan. Wiry,
branched stem bears loose sprays of small,
pendent, funnel-shaped, yellowish-green
flowers, with pointed petals.

MELASTOMA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Requires full light or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens freely when
in full growth, moderately at other times.
Pruning is tolerated in late winter,
if necessary. Propagate by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in spring or summer.
Red spider mite and whitefly may
cause problems.

M. candidum. Evergreen, rounded,
bristly-stemmed shrub. H and S 3—6ft (l-2m).
Bears oval, leathery, bristly leaves. Small,
terminal clusters of fragrant, 5-7-petaled,
white or pink flowers are produced
profusely in summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

MELIA

MELIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers
and fruits. Is useful for very dry soil and
does well in coastal gardens in mild areas.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

M. azedarach, illus. p.71.

MELIANTHUS

MELIANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown mainly for their foliage. Requires
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Water

container specimens freely in summer,
moderately at other times. Long stems may
be shortened in early spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in
summer. Red spider mite may be
troublesome.

M. major; illus. p.145.

MELICA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES,.

M. altissima (Siberian melick).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Slender stems
bear broad, mid-green leaves, rough
beneath. In summer produces pendent,
tawny spikelets in narrow panicles. Z5-8
H8-5. 'Atropurpurea' illus. p.286.

MELICYTUS

syn. HYMENANTHERA
VIOLACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their overall appearance and
ornamental fruits. Requires sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately, less in winter.
Pruning is tolerated, if required. Propagate
by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring.

M. crassifolius, syn. Hymenanthera
crassifolia. Evergreen, densely twiggy
shrub of irregular outline. H and S to 4ft
(1.2m). Bears narrowly oval to oblong,
leathery, mid-green leaves. Tiny, bell-
shaped, 5-petaled, yellow flowers, in
spring-summer, are followed by egg-
shaped, purple fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

M. ramiflorus (Mahoe, Whiteywood).
Evergreen, spreading shrub or tree. H and
S 20-30ft (6-10m). Bark is gray-white.

Bears lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, bright
green leaves. Small, rounded, greenish
flowers are produced in axillary clusters
in summer, followed by tiny, violet to
purple-blue berries. Z5-8 H8-5.

MELINIS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

see also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
AND SEDGES.

M. repens, syn. Rhynchelytrum repens,
Rhynchelytrum roseum. Tuft-forming,
annual or short-lived, perennial grass.

H 4-6ft (1.2-2m), S 2-3ft (60cm-lm). Leaves
are mid-green, flat and finely pointed.
Produces loose panicles of awned, pink
spikelets in summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

MELIOSMA

MELIOSMACEAE/SABIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their habit, foliage and flowers,
which, however, do not appear reliably.
Prefers full sun and deep, fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.

M. oldhamii. See M. pinnata var. oldhamii.
M. pinnata var. oldhamii, syn. M.
oldhamii. Deciduous, sturdy-branched tree,
upright when young, spreading when
mature. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has
very large, dark green leaves divided into
5-13 oval leaflets. Bears large clusters
of small, fragrant, star-shaped, white
flowers in early summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

M. veitchiorum, illus. p.74.

MENISPERMUM

MELITTIS

Bastard balm

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
perennial. Prefers partial shade and
requires fertile, well-drained soil.

Propagate by seed in fall or by division in
spring or fall.

M. melissophyllum , illus. p.264.

MELOCACTUS

Turk's cap cactus

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical, ribbed, perennial
cacti. On reaching flowering size, usually
6in (15cm) high, stems produce woolly
crowns; then stems appear to stop growing
while woolly crowns develop into columns.
Has funnel-shaped flowers in summer,
followed by elongated or rounded, red,
pink or white seed pods. Requires full sun
and extremely well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or summer.

M. actinacanthus. See M. matanzanus.

M. bahiensis. Spherical, perennial
cactus. H and S 6in (15cm). Dull green
stem bears 10-15 ribs. Produces sturdy,
slightly curved, dark brown spines
that become paler with age. Crown
bears brown bristles and pink flowers,
72- 3 /4in (l-2cm) across, in summer.

Z14-15 H12-10.

M. communis. SeeM. intortus.

M. curvispinus, syn. M. oaxacensis.
Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.

H 8 in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Green stem
has 15 rounded ribs. Areoles each bear
a straight central spine and curved radial
spines. Flat, woolly crown bears deep
pink flowers. Vain (1cm) across, in summer.
Z14-15 H12-10.

M. intortus, syn. M. communis, illus.
p.494.

M. matanzanus, syn. M. actinacanthus.
Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 4in
(10cm). Dark green stem has short spines
and develops a woolly crown about
5 years from seed. In summer produces
pink flowers. Vain (1cm) across. Z14-15
H12-10.

M. oaxacensis. See M. curvispinus.

MENISPERMUM

Moonseed

MENISPERMACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody or semiwoody,
twining climbers, grown for their fruits
that each contain a crescent-shaped seed—
hence the common name. Separate male
and female plants are required in order to
obtain fruits. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed or suckers in
spring. 0 The fruits may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

M. canadense (Canada moonseed.

Yellow parilla). Vigorous, deciduous,
woody-stemmed, twining climber
spreading by underground suckers. H to
15ft (5m). Produces dense tangle of stems.
Oval to heart-shaped, rounded leaves are
usually 3-7-lobed. Has small, cup-shaped,
greenish-yellow flowers in summer,
followed by poisonous, spherical, glossy,
blackish fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.

M

633

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MENTHA

MENTHA

Mint

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
semievergreen, grown for their aromatic
foliage, which is both decorative and used
as a culinary herb. Plants are invasive,
however, and should be used with caution.
Needs sun or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or fall.
M. Corsica. See M. requienii.

M. x gentilis 'Variegata'. See M. x gracilis
'Variegata'. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. x gracilis 'Variegata', syn. M. x
gentilis 'Variegata' (Ginger mint. Red mint).
Spreading perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in
(60cm). Forms a mat of oval, dark green
leaves that are speckled and striped with
yellow, most conspicuously in full sun.
Produces stems that carry whorls of small,
2-lipped, pale mauve flowers in summer.

M. x piperita f. citrata (Eau de Cologne
mint. Lemon mint). Vigorous, spreading
perennial. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 24in
(60cm). Reddish-green stems, bearing
terminal spikes of small, 2-lipped, purple
flowers in summer, arise from a carpet
of oval, slightly toothed, mid-green leaves
that have a scent which is similar to
eau de Cologne. Z3-7 H7-1.

M. requienii , syn. M. Corsica (Corsican
mint). Semievergreen, mat-forming,
creeping perennial. H to Vain (1cm),

S indefinite. Rounded, bright apple-green
leaves exude strong peppermint fragrance
when crushed. Produces tiny, stemless,
lavender-purple flowers in summer. Is
suitable for a rock garden. Needs
shade and moist soil. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. rotundifolia of gardens. See
M. suaveolens. Z6-9 H9-5.

M. suaveolens , syn. M. rotundifolia
(Apple mint). 'Variegata', illus. p.274.

MENTZELIA

Starflower

LOASACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen shrubs. Requires sun and fertile,
very well-drained soil. Tender species are
best grown in pots under glass. Propagate
by seed in spring, shrubs also by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

M. lindleyi, syn. Bartonia aurea (Blazing
star). Fairly fast-growing, bushy annual.

H 18in (45cm), S 8 in (20cm). Has fleshy stems
and lance-shaped, toothed leaves. In summer
has fragrant, cup-shaped, deep yellow
flowers, with conspicuous stamens. H9-1.

MENYANTHES

MENYANTHACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Prefers an open, sunny position.
Remove fading flower heads and foliage,
and divide overcrowded clumps in spring.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring.

M. trifoliata , illus. p.434.

MENZIESIA

ERICACEAE

634

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their small, urn-shaped flowers. Needs
partial shade and fertile, moist, peaty.

acidic soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla. See M.

ciliicalyx var. purpurea, var. purpurea ,
syn. M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla, illus. p.146.

MERENDERA

COLCHICACEAE ~

Genus of corms similar to Colchicum
but with less showy flowers. Needs sun
and well-drained soil. In cool, damp areas,
grow in an unheated greenhouse or
frame where corms can dry out in summer.
Plant in fall and keep watered through
winter and spring. Propagate by seed or
offsets in fall.

M. bulbocodium. SeeM. montana.

M. montana, syn. M. bulbocodium. Fall¬
flowering corm. H to 2in (5cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Has narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves, produced just after
upright, broad-petaled, funnel-shaped, rose-
or purple-lilac flowers emerge. Z6-9 H9-6.
M. robusta. Spring-flowering corm.

H 3in (8cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Narrowly
lance-shaped, semi-erect, basal leaves are
produced at same time as upright, funnel-
shaped, pale purplish-pink or white
flowers, 2-2V2in (5-6cm) wide, with
narrow petals. Z7-9 H9-7.

MERREMIA

CONVOLVULACEAE

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their flowers and fruits. Prefers
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water moderately when in full growth,
much less at other times. Provide support.
Thin out congested stems in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring. Red spider
mite may be a problem.

M. tuberosa, syn. Ipomoea tuberosa,
Operculina tuberosa (Spanish morning
glory). Fast-growing, evergreen, twining
climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. Leaves have
7 radiating lobes. In summer bears funnel-
shaped, yellow flowers, followed by
semiwoody, globose, ivory-brown fruits.
Z13-15 H12-10.

MERTENSIA

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
funnel-shaped flowers. Requires sun or
partial shade and deep, well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall.

M. echioides. Clump-forming perennial.
H 6-9in (15-23cm), S 6 in (15cm). Has
basal rosettes of long, oval, hairy, blue-
green leaves. Slender stems bear many
open funnel-shaped, dark blue flowers
in summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. maritima, illus. p.356.

M. pulmonarioides. SeeM. virginica.

M. virginica, syn. M. pulmonarioides,
illus. p.261.

MERWILLA

HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE

Genus of 3 bulbs grown for their spikes of
blue flowers in summer. Grows in well-
drained soil in full sun or semi-shade.
Propagate by division when dormant or by
seed in fall.

M. plumbea, syn. Scilla natalensis. Clump¬
forming summer-flowering bulb H12-18in
(30-45cm) S 6-8in (15-20cm). Has lance¬
shaped, semierect, finely hairy basal leaves
with a long spike of up to 100 flatish blue
flowers, each one 5/8-3/4in (1.5-2cm)
across. Z9-10 H10-9

MERYTA

ARALIACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage. Requires full light or partial shade
and rich, moist but moderately drained
soil. Water container plants freely when in
full growth, less at other times. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
when ripe, in late summer.

M. sinclairii, illus. p.451.

Mesembryanthemum cordifolium.

See Aptenia cordifolia.

Mesembryanthemum criniflorum.

See Dorotheanthus bellidiformis.

Mesembryanthemum multiradiatum.

See Lampranthus roseus.

MESPILUS

ROSACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous tree
or shrub, grown for its habit, flowers,
foliage and edible fruits. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed in fall, named
forms (for fruit) by budding in late summer.
M. germanica, illus. p.80.

METASEQUOIA

TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE
See also CONIFERS.

M. glyptostroboides, illus. p.96.

METROSIDEROS

Pohutakawa, Rata

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, winter-flowering
shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers, the trees also
for their overall appearance and for shade.
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens freely
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Pruning is tolerated, if necessary.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

M. excelsa, syn. M. tomentosa, illus. p.450.
M. robusta (New Zealand Christmas tree.
Northern rata). Robust, evergreen, rounded
tree. H 70-80ft (20-25m) or more, S 30-50ft
(10-15m). Oblong to elliptic, leathery leaves
are dark green and lustrous. Has large
clusters of flowers, which are mostly
composed of long, dark red stamens, in
winter.

M. tomentosa. See M. excelsa.

MEUM

UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their aromatic leaves. Is useful
on banks and in wild gardens. Needs sun
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
when fresh, in fall.

M. athamanticum (Baldmoney, Spignel).
Upright, clump-forming perennial.

H 6-18in (15-45cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Mainly basal and deeply dissected leaves
have narrowly linear leaflets. In summer
produces flatfish flower heads consisting of
clusters of tiny, white or purplish-white
flowers. Z10-15 H12-10.

MICHELIA

MAGNOLIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, winter- to summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
partial shade and rich, well-drained,
neutral to acidic soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth, less
in winter. Pruning is seldom necessary.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring.
M. doltsopa, syn. Magnolia doltsopa,
illus. p.71.

M. figo, syn. Magnolia figo (Banana
shrub). Evergreen tree or rounded shrub.
H 10-20ft (3-6m), S lift (1.5-3.5m) Has
oval, glossy, rich green leaves and
banana-scented, maroon-edged, creamy-
yellow flowers in spring-summer. Z12-15
H12-10.

MICROBIOTA

CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

M. decussata, illus. p.105. Spreading,
shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S 6-10ft
(2-3m). Flat sprays of scalelike, yellow-
green leaves turn bronze in winter.
Globose, yellow-brown cones have only
one seed. Z3-7 H7-1.

Microglossa albescens. See Aster
albescens.

MICROLEPIA

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns, best grown in pans and
hanging baskets. Requires full or partial
shade and moist soil. Remove faded fronds
regularly. Propagate by division in spring
or by spores in summer.

M. speluncae, illus. p.478.

MICROMERIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
shrubs, subshrubs and perennials, suitable
for rock gardens and banks. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by softwood cuttings in early
summer.

M. juliana. Evergreen or semievergreen,
bushy shrub or subshrub. H and S 12in
(30cm). Produces small, oval, aromatic,
green leaves pressed close to stems. In
summer, minute, tubular, bright deep pink
flowers are borne in whorls on upper parts
of stems. Z7-10 H10-7.

MIKANIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
scrambling or twining climbers, shrubs
and erect perennials, grown for their
foliage and flower heads. Needs partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

regularly when in full growth, less at other
times. Stem support is needed. Thin out
congested growth in spring. Propagate by
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer.
Aphids may be a problem.

M. scan dens (Hemp vine). Herbaceous,
twining climber. H 10-15ft (3-5m). Oval to
triangular, mid-green leaves have 2 basal
lobes. Tiny, groundsel-like, pink to purple
flower heads are produced in compact
clusters in summer-fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

MILIUM

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

M. effusum (Wood millet). Z6-9 H9-6.
'Aureum' is an evergreen, tuft-forming,
perennial grass. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm).
Has flat, golden-yellow leaves. Produces
open, tiered panicles of greenish-yellow
spikelets in summer. Self-seeds readily in
a shady site.

MILLA

LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their fragrant flowers, each comprising
a slender tube with 6 spreading, star¬
shaped petals at the tip. Needs a sheltered,
sunny position and well-drained soil. Plant
in spring. After flowering, lift bulbs and
partially dry off for winter. Propagate by
seed or offsets in spring.

M. biflora. Summer-flowering bulb.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 3^1in (8-10cm).

Has long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves.
Stem bears loose head of 2-6 erect, white
flowers, lV4-272in (3-6cm) across, each
on a slender stalk to 8in (20cm) long.

Z9-10 H10-9.

MILTONIA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

M. Candida. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool or intermediate greenhouse.

H 8in (20cm). Cream-lipped, green-
patterned, brown flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
are borne in spikes in fall. Has narrowly
oval leaves, 4-5in (10-12cm) long. Needs
partial shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

M. clowesii. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 8in
(20cm). In early summer produces large
spikes of yellow flowers, lVzin (4cm) wide,
barred with reddish-brown and with
white-and-mauve lips. Has broadly oval
leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Needs partial
shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

MILTONIOPSIS

Pansy orchid
ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

M. Anjou gx 'St. Patrick', illus. p.467.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Has sprays of
deep crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with red and yellow patterns on each lip,
mainly in summer. Narrowly oval, soft
leaves are 4-5in (10-12cm) long. Needs
shade in summer. HI 1-6.

M. Robert Strauss gx 'Ardingly', illus.
p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a

cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Bears
sprays of white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
marked reddish-brown and purple;
flowering season varies. Narrowly oval,
soft leaves are 4-5in (10-12cm) long.
Requires shade in summer. HI 1-6.

MIMOSA

LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE

Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials,
shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers and foliage.

M. pudica is usually grown as an annual.
Needs partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately
at other times. Propagate by seed in
spring, shrubs also by semiripe cuttings
in summer. Red spider mite may be a
nuisance.

M. pudica, illus. p.457.

MIMULUS

Monkey musk

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen shrubs. Small species are
suitable for damp pockets in rock gardens.
Most prefer full sun and wet or moist soil;
some such as M. aurantiacus need a dry
site. Propagate perennials by division in
spring, subshrubs by softwood cuttings
in late summer, annuals and all species
by seed in fall or early spring.

M. 'Andean Nymph'. See M. naiandinus.
M. aurantiacus , syn. M. glutinosus,
Diplacus glutinosus, illus. p.162.

M. cupreus 'Whitecroft Scarlet'. Short¬
lived, spreading perennial. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears
snapdragon-like, scarlet flowers freely
from early to late summer. Has oval,
toothed, mid-green leaves. Z8-9 H9-8.

M. glutinosus. See M. aurantiacus.

M. guttatus , syn. M. langsdorffii
(Common large monkey flower).

Spreading, mat-forming perennial. H and
S 24in (60cm). Snapdragon-like, bright
yellow flowers, spotted with reddish-brown
on lower lobes, are borne in succession in
summer and early fall. Oval, mid-green
leaves are coarsely or sometimes deeply
toothed. Z6-9 H9-6.

M. x hybridus, illus. p.445.

M. langsdorffii. See M. guttatus.

M. lewisii. Upright perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has downy, sticky,
gray leaves that provide an excellent foil for
snapdragon-like, deep rose-pink flowers
borne singly in summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

M. luteus (Monkey musk. Yellow monkey
flower). Spreading perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Throughout summer, snapdragon¬
like, occasionally red-spotted, yellow
flowers are freely produced above hairy,
mid-green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

M. Magic Series. Early-flowering
perennial. H 6-8in (15-20cm). In summer
produces small, snapdragon-like flowers,
ranging from bright orange, yellow, and
red to more usual pastel shades and
bicolors. Z9-10 H10-9. 'Magic Yellow
Blotch' illus. p.322.

M. moschatus (Musk). Deciduous,
prostrate, perennial, bog plant. H 4in
(10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has oval, hairy, pale
green leaves. Small, pale yellow flowers.

lightly speckled with brown, are borne
in late summer. Z7-10 H10-7.

M. naiandinus, syn. M. 'Andean Nymph',
illus. p.264.

M. ringens, illus. p.441.

M. 'Royal Velvet'. Compact perennial,
often grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm),

S 9in (23cm). Leaves are mid-green.
Produces many large, snapdragon-like,
mahogany-red flowers, with mahogany-
speckled, gold throats, throughout summer.
Z6-9 H9-6.

Mina. See Ipomoea.

MIRABILIS

NYCTAGINACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
tuberous perennials. Prefers a sheltered,
sunny position and fertile, well-drained
soil. Lift tubers and store over winter in
frost-free conditions. Propagate by seed
or division of tubers in early spring.

M. jalapa, illus. p.233.

MISCANTHUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

M. sacchariflorus (Silver banner grass).
Vigorous, herbaceous, slow-spreading,
rhizomatous, perennial grass. H 10ft (3m),
S indefinite. Hairless, mid-green leaves
last into winter, often turning bronze.
Produces open, branched panicles of
hairy, purplish-brown spikelets in
summer. Z8-9 H9-8.

M. sinensis (Eulalia grass, Japanese
silver grass), var. condensatus
'Cosmopolitan' illus. p.285. 'Flamingo'
illus. p.286. 'Gracillimus' illus. p.286.
'Yakushima Dwarf' illus. p.285.
'Zebrinus' illus. p.284.

MITCHELLA

Partridgeberry

RUBIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs,
grown for their foliage and fruits. Makes
excellent groundcover, especially in
woodlands, although is sometimes difficult
to establish. Prefers partial shade and rich,
neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by division
of rooted runners in spring or by seed in
fall.

M. repens (Partridgeberry). Evergreen,
trailing, mat-forming subshrub. H 2in
(5cm), S indefinite. Bears small, oval, white-
striped, green leaves with heart-shaped
bases. In early summer has pairs of tiny,
fragrant, tubular, white flowers, sometimes
purple-tinged, followed by spherical, bright
red fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or
peat bed. Z4-9 H9-1.

MITELLA

Bishop's cap, Miterwort
SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, summer¬
flowering, slender-stemmed, rhizomatous
perennials. Requires partial shade and rich,
moist soil. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in fall.

M. breweri, illus. p.371.

MONARDA

MITRARIA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. Requires
partial shade and peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
cuttings in summer.

M. coccinea, illus. p.193.

MOLINIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

M. altissima. See M. caerulea subsp.
arundinacea.

M. caerulea (Purple moor grass). Z5-9
H9-1. subsp. arundinacea, syn.

M altissima is a tuft-forming, herbaceous,
perennial grass. H 8ft (2.5m), S 2ft (60cm).

Has broad, flat, gray-green leaves and
spreading panicles of purple spikelets on
stiff, erect stems in summer. Needs a dry,
sunny position and acidic soil, subsp.
arundinacea 'Transparent', illus. p.286.
subsp. caerulea 'Heidebraut', illus.
p.285. subsp. caerulea 'Variegata'
(Variegated purple moor grass), H 2ft (60cm),
has yellow-striped, mid-green leaves and, in
late summer, panicles of purplish spikelets.

MOLTKIA

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen subshrubs and perennials,
grown for their funnel-shaped flowers in
summer. Prefers sun and well-drained,
neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

M. x intermedia. Evergreen, open, dome¬
shaped subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
(50cm). Stems are clothed in narrowly
linear, dark green leaves. Masses of loose
spikes of small, open funnel-shaped, bright
blue flowers are borne in summer. Z7-9
H9-7.

M. petraea. Semievergreen, bushy shrub.
H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Fully hardy.
Has long, narrow, hairy leaves. Clusters
of pinkish-purple buds open into funnel-
shaped, violet-blue flowers in summer.

Z7-9 H9-7.

M. suffruticosa, illus. p.342.

MOLUCCELLA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their flowers, which may be dried
successfully. Needs sun and rich, very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown under
glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring.
M. laevis, illus. p.316.

MONARDA

Bee balm

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their aromatic foliage as well as their
flowers. Requires sun and moist soil.
Propagate species and cultivars by division
in spring, species only by seed in spring.
M. 'Adam'. Clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears dense
whorls of 2-lipped, cerise flowers
throughout summer. Oval, usually toothed,
mid-green leaves are aromatic and hairy.
Z4-9 H9-1.

M

635

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MONSTERA

M. 'Cambridge Scarlet', illus. p.235.

M. 'Croftway Pink', illus. p.233.

M. fistulosa, illus. p.239.

M. 'Prairie Night'. See M. 'Prarienacht'.
M. 'Prarienacht', syn. M. 'Prairie
Night'. Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 172ft (45cm). Produces dense
whorls of 2-lipped, rich violet-purple
flowers from mid- to late summer.

Oval, toothed leaves are mid-green.

Z4-9 H9-1.

M. spathacea. See Moraea spathulata.

MONSTERA

ARACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
root climbers, grown for their large
leaves. Bears insignificant, creamy-
white flowers with hooded spathes
intermittently. Needs partial shade and
rich, well-drained soil. Water moderately,
less when temperatures are low. Provide
support. If necessary, shorten long stems
in spring. Propagate by leaf-bud or stem-
tip cuttings in summer. ® All parts
except the fruit may cause mild stomach
upset when ingested, and contact with
the fruit may irritate skin.

M. acuminata (Shingle plant). Evergreen,
woody-stemmed, root climber with robust
stems. H 10ft (3m) or more. Has lopsided,
oval, pointed, rich green leaves with heart-
shaped base, sometimes cleft into a few
large lobes, to lOin (25cm) long. Z14-15
H12-10.

M. deliciosa, illus. p.463.

M MORAEA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of corms, grown for their short¬
lived, iris-like flowers. Divides into two
groups: winter- and summer-growing
species. Winter-growing species need
full sun and well-drained soil; keep dry
in summer during dormancy and start
into growth by watering in fall. Summer-
growers are dormant in winter; grow in
a sheltered, sunny site and well-drained
soil. Propagate winter growers by seed
in fall, summer growers by seed in
spring.

M. huttonii , illus. p.393.

M. polystachya. Winter-growing corm.

H to 12in (30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Bears
long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves.
Stem has a succession of erect, flatfish,
blue or lilac flowers, 3in (8cm) wide, in
winter-spring. Outer petals each have
central, yellow mark. Z9-10 H10-9.

M. ramosissima. Late spring- to early
summer-flowering corm. H 20-48in
(50-120cm), S 4in (10cm). Has numerous,
semierect, narrowly linear, channeled,
basal leaves. Bears yellow flowers, with
deeper yellow marks on inner petals, on
many-branched stems. Zll-13 H12-6.

M. sisyrinchium, syn. Gynandiris
sisyrinchium , illus. p.419.

M. spathulata, syn. Monarda spathacea.
Summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (lm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has solitary, long,
narrow, semi-erect, basal leaf. Tough
flower stem bears a succession of up to
5 upward-facing, yellow flowers, 2-3in
636 (5-7cm) wide, with reflexed, outer petals,

_ in summer. Z8-10 H10-8.

MORINA

MORINACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, only one
species of which is in general cultivation:
this is grown for its thistle-like foliage and
its flowers. Protect from drying spring
winds. Needs full sun and well-drained,
preferably sandy soil. Propagate by
division directly after flowering or by seed
when fresh, in late summer.

M. longifolia , illus. p.231.

MORISIA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of one species of rosetted perennial
with a long taproot. Is good for rock
gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun
and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
M. hypogaea. See M. monanthos.

M. monanthos , syn. M. hypogaea, illus.
p.358.

MORUS

Mulberry

MORACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage and edible fruits. Tiny flowers are
produced in spring. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall.

M. alba (White mulberry). Z4-8 H8-1.
'Laciniata' illus. p.88. 'Pendula' is a
deciduous, weeping tree. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft
(5m). Rounded, sometimes lobed, glossy,
deep green leaves turn yellow in fall.

Edible, oval, fleshy, pink, red or purple
fruits ripen in summer.

M. nigra (Black mulberry). Deciduous,
round-headed tree. H 40ft (12m), S 50ft
(15m). Heart-shaped, dark green leaves
turn yellow in fall. Bears edible, oval,
succulent, dark purplish-red fruits in late
summer or early fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

MUCUNA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of vigorous, evergreen, twining
climbers, grown for their large, pealike
flowers. Needs partial shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, less at other times.
Needs plenty of space to climb; provide
support. Thin out crowded stems in spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by layering
in late summer. Whitefly and red spider
mite may cause problems.

M. bennettii (New Guinea creeper). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, twining climber.

H 50-80ft (15-25m). Leaves are divided into
3 oval leaflets. In summer has pendent
clusters of pealike, orange-scarlet flowers.
Z5-9 H9-5.

M. deeringiana. See M. pruriens var.
utilis.

M. pruriens var. utilis, syn. M.
deeringiana. Vigorous, evergreen, twining
climber. H 50ft (15m) or more. Has pealike,
both green- and red-purple flowers in long,
pendent clusters in summer-fall. Leaves,
divided into 3 oval leaflets, are used for
fodder and green manure. May be short¬
lived. Z14-15 H12-10.

MUEHLENBECKIA

POLYGONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
slender-stemmed, summer-flowering
shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling
climbers, grown for their foliage. Needs
sun or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

M. axillaris of gardens. See M. complexa.
M. complexa, syn. M. axillaris of
gardens. (Maidenhair vine). Deciduous,
mound-forming shrub or twining
climber. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 3ft (lm).
Slender, wiry stems bear variably shaped
(oval to fiddle-shaped), dark green
leaves. Tiny, star-shaped, greenish-white
flowers, in mid-summer, are followed by
small, spherical, waxy, white fruits.

Z8-10 H10-8.

Mulgedium. See Cicerbita.

MURRAYA

RUTACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their overall appearance.
Requires full light or partial shade and
rich, well-drained soil. Water container
plants freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Pruning is
tolerated in late winter, if necessary.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
may be troublesome.

M. exotica. See M. paniculata.

M. paniculata, syn. M. exotica (Orange
jasmine). Evergreen, rounded shrub or
tree. H and S 6 —12ft (2-4m). Pungently
aromatic, edible, glossy, rich green leaves
are divided into 9 or more oval leaflets.
Fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers, in
terminal clusters year-round, are followed
by tiny, egg-shaped, red fruits. Z9-11
H12-9.

MUSA

Banana

MUSACEAE

Genus of evergreen, palmlike, suckering
perennials, with false stems formed
from overlapping leaf sheaths, grown
for their foliage, flowers and fruits
(bananas), not all of which are edible.
Needs sun or partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil. Propagate by division
year-round, by offsets in summer or
by suckers after flowering.

M. arnoldiana. See Ensete ventricosum.
M. basjoo, syn. M.japonica, illus. p.219.
M. coccinea, syn. M. uranoscopus of
garden (Scarlet banana). Evergreen,
palmlike perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S 5ft
(1.5m). Bears oblong to oval, dark green
leaves, to 3ft (lm) long, that are paler
below. In summer produces erect spirals
of tubular, yellow flowers, enclosed in
red bracts, followed by banana-like,
orange-yellow fruits, 2in (5cm) long.
Zll-12 H12-5.

M. ensete. See Ensete ventricosum.

M. japonica. See M. basjoo.

M. ornata, illus. p.470.

M. uranoscopus of gardens. See M.
coccinea.

MUSCARI

Grape hyacinth
HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE.

Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, each with
a cluster of narrowly strap-shaped, basal
leaves, usually appearing in spring just
before flowers. Leafless flower stems bear
dense spikes of small flowers, most
of which have constricted mouths. Needs
sun and fairly well-drained soil. Plant in
fall. Propagate by division in late summer
or by seed in fall.

M. armeniacum, illus. p.420. 'Blue
Spike' is a spring-flowering bulb. H 6 -8in
(15-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Produces 3-6
long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves.
Bears dense spikes of fragrant, bell-shaped,
deep blue flowers; constricted mouths
have rims of paler blue or white "teeth".

M. aucheri, syn. M. lingulatum, illus.
p.420.

M. azureum, syn. Pseudomuscari
azureum, Hyacinthus azureus. Spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Bears 2 or 3 narrow, semi-erect,
grayish-green, basal leaves, slightly wider
towards tips. Produces very dense spike
of bell-shaped, pale clear blue flowers;
mouths have small "teeth" with central,
dark blue stripes. May self-seed freely.

Z5-9 H9-1.

M. botryoides (Common grape hyacinth).
Spring-flowering bulb. H 6 -8in (15-20cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm). Bears 2-4 narrow,
semierect, basal leaves that widen
slightly at tips. Each minute, nearly
spherical, bright blue flower has a
constricted mouth and white-toothed
rim. Z2-8 H8-1. 'Album' illus. p.415.

M. comosum, syn. Leopoldia comosa
(Tassel grape hyacinth). Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 4-5in (10-12cm). Has up to 5 strap¬
shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
leaves. Bears loose spike of bell-shaped,
fertile, brownish-yellow flowers, with tuft
of threadlike, sterile, purplish-blue flowers
at tip. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Monstrosum'. See M.
comosum 'Plumosum'. 'Plumosum', syn.
M. comosum 'Monstrosum' illus. p.419.

M. latifolium, illus. p.403.

M. lingulatum. SeeM. aucheri.

M. macrocarpum, illus. p.421.

M. neglectum, syn. M. racemosum, illus.
p.420.

M. pycnantha. See Bellevalia pycnantha.
M. racemosum. SeeM. neglectum.

MUSSAENDA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling
climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water freely when in full growth, less at
other times. Provide support and thin
out crowded stems in spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or by air-layering in
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may
cause problems.

M. erythrophylla. Moderately
vigorous, evergreen, scrambling climber.

H 20-30ft (6-10m). Has broadly oval, bright
green leaves and flowers in summer-fall.
Each flower has greatly enlarged, oval,
bract-like, red sepal, a red tube and yellow
petal lobes. Zll H12-7.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

MUTISIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
grown for their long-lasting flower
heads. Plant with roots in shade and leafy
parts in sun, in well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring, by stem cuttings in
summer or by layering in fall.

M. decurrens, illus. p.208.

M. oligodon. Evergreen, tendril climber.

H to 5ft (1.5m). Oblong, glossy, green
leaves, l-lVan (2.5-3.5cm) long, have
sharply toothed margins. In summer-fall
produces long-stalked, daisylike, pink
flower heads, with yellow centers. Grow
against a low wall or through a shrub.
Z9-10 H10-9.

MYOPORUM

myoporaceae/scrophulariaceaiT

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their overall appearance and
as hedges and windbreaks. Prefers full light
and well-drained soil; will tolerate poor
soil. Water container specimens
moderately. Propagate by seed when ripe
or in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

M. laetum (Ngaio). Evergreen, rounded
to upright shrub or tree. H 10-30ft (3-10m),
S 6-15ft (2-5m). Has fleshy, oval, lustrous,
bright green leaves. Axillary clusters
of small, bell-shaped, white flowers,
dotted with purple, in spring-summer, are
followed by tiny, narrowly ovoid, pale to
deep red-purple fruits. Zll-15 H12-10.

M. parvifolium, illus. p.454.

MYOSOTIDIUM

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen
perennial that is suitable for mild,
coastal areas. Prefers partial shade and
moist soil. Seaweed is often recommended
as a mulch. Is not easy to cultivate, and
once established should not be disturbed.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
when ripe, in summer or fall.

M. hortensia, syn. Myosotidium nobile,
illus. p.271.

Myosotidium nobile. See Myosotidium
hortensia.

MYOSOTIS

Forget-me-not

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown for their flowers. Most species
are good for rock gardens and screes;

M. scorpioides is best grown as a marginal
water plant. Most prefer sun or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

M. alpestris, syn. M. rupicola, illus. p.356.
M. australis. Short-lived, tuft-forming
perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 3in (8cm). Has
oval, rough-textured leaves and, in
summer, tight sprays of open funnel-
shaped, yellow or white flowers. Is good
for a scree. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. caespitosa. See M. laxa subsp.
caespitosa.

M. laxa subsp. caespitosa, syn. M.
caespitosa. Clump-forming annual

or short-lived perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 6 in
(15cm). Lance-shaped, leathery leaves are
dark green. Bears rounded, bright blue
flowers in summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

M. palustris. See M. scorpioides.

M. rupicola. See M. alpestris.

M. scorpioides, syn. M. palustris (Water
forget-me-not). Z5-9 H9-5. ‘'Mermaid'
illus. p.441.

M. Sylva Series, illus. p.313.

M. sylvatica 'White Ball' is a slow-
growing, short-lived, bushy, compact
perennial, grown as a biennial. H to 8in
(20cm), S 6 in (15cm). Leaves are lance¬
shaped. Sprays of tiny, 5-lobed, pure white
flowers are produced in early summer.

Myrceugenia apiculata. See Luma
apiculata.

MYRICA

MYRICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous and evergreen, usually
suckering shrubs and trees, suitable as
screening plants. M. gale is a useful bog
garden plant. Requires full sun or partial
shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by
layering in spring, by greenwood cuttings
in summer or by seed as soon as ripe.

M. gale, illus. p.162.

MYRIOPHYLLUM

Milfoil

HALORAGACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage. Most
species are ideal as depositories for fish
spawn. Requires full sun. Spreads widely;
keep in check by removing excess growth
as required. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

M. aquaticum, syn. M. proserpinacoides
(Diamond milfoil). Deciduous, perennial,
partially or completely submerged water
plant. S indefinite. Spreading, finely
divided, blue-green leaves turn reddish in
fall if they surface. Z6-11 H12-6.

M. hippuroides (Western milfoil).
Deciduous, perennial, spreading,
submerged water plant with thin stems.

S indefinite. Produces dense mass of small,
feathery, pale green leaves. Inconspicuous,
greenish-cream flowers are borne from
axils of emergent leaves in summer. Is
suitable for a cold-water aquarium. Z9-11
H12-10.

M. proserpinacoides. See M. aquaticum.
M. verticillatum, illus. p.443.

MYRRH IS

Sweet Cicely

UM BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
perennial. Requires sun or partial shade
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring.

M. odorata, illus. p.230.

MYRSINE

MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
with inconspicuous flowers, grown mainly
for their foliage. Also bears decorative
fruits, to obtain which plants of both sexes
must be grown. Is suitable for rock

gardens. Needs sun or partial shade and
any fertile, well-drained soil other than a
shallow, chalky one. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

M. africana (African boxwood). Very
slow-growing, evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 30in (75cm). Small, glossy,
dark green leaves are aromatic and
rounded. Tiny, yellowish-brown flowers in
late spring are followed by spherical, pale
blue fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

MYRTILLOCACTUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of branching, perennial cacti, grown
for their ribbed, spiny, blue-green stems.
Bears star-shaped flowers that open at
night. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

M. geometrizans, illus. p.489.

MYRTUS

Myrtle

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, sometimes
treelike, grown for their flowers, fruits and
aromatic foliage. At limits of hardiness,
plant against a south- or west-facing wall.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. May be pruned in spring. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

M. apiculata. See Luma apiculata.

M. bullata. See Lophomyrtus bullata.

M. chequen. See Luma chequen.

M. communis, illus. p.122. subsp.
tarentina (Dwarf myrtle) is an evergreen,
bushy shrub. H and S 6 ft (2m). Bears small
leaves that are narrowly oval, glossy and
dark green. Produces fragrant, saucer¬
shaped, white flowers, each with dense
cluster of stamens, from mid-spring to
early summer, followed by spherical, white
fruits. Is very wind-resistant and good for
hedging in a mild area. Z8-9 H9-8.

M. luma. See Luma apiculata.

M. ugni. See Ugni molinae.

NARCISSUS

N

NAN DINA

BERBERIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen or
semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub,
grown for its foliage and flowers. Prefers
a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, well-
drained but not too dry soil. On established
plants, prune untidy, old stems to base in
spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

N. domestica. Evergreen or
semievergreen, upright shrub. H and S 6 ft
(2m). Leaves have narrowly lance-shaped,
dark green leaflets, purplish-red when
young and in fall-winter. Large panicles of
small, star-shaped, white flowers, with large
yellow anthers, in mid-summer are followed
in warm climates by spherical, red fruits.
Z6-11 H12-4. Tire Power', illus. p.143.

NARCISSUS

Daffodil

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their flowers.
Daffodils have usually linear, basal leaves
and a spread of up to 8in (20cm). Each
flower has a trumpet or cup and petals
(botanically known as perianth segments).
Prefers sun or partial shade and well-
drained soil, but Div.8 cultivars (see below)
prefer a sunny site and tolerate lighter
soils. Deadhead flowers and remove the
faded foliage in mid-summer. Most
cultivars increase naturally by offsets;
dense clumps should be divided no sooner
than 6 weeks after flowering every 3-5
years. Propagate species by seed when
fresh, in late summer or fall. Narcissus
yellow stripe virus, basal rot, slugs, large
narcissus fly and bulb and stem eelworm
may cause problems. ® Contact with the
sap of daffodils may irritate skin or
aggravate skin allergies. Horticulturally,
Narcissus is split into the following
divisions (see also feature panel pp.404-05).
Div.l Trumpet —usually solitary flowers
each have a trumpet that is as long as, or
longer than, the petals. Early to late spring¬
flowering.

Div.2 Large cupped —solitary flowers
each have a cup at least one-third the
length of, but shorter than, the petals.
Spring-flowering.

Div.3 Small-cupped —flowers are
often borne singly; each has a cup not
more than one-third the length of the
petals. Spring- or early summer-flowering.
Div.4 Double —most have solitary, large,
fully or semidouble flowers, sometimes
scented, with both cup and petals or cup
alone replaced by petaloid structures. Some
have smaller flowers, produced in clusters
of 4 or more, which are often sweetly
fragrant. Spring- or early summer¬
flowering.

Div.5 Triandrus —nodding flowers, with
short, sometimes straight-sided cups and
narrow, reflexed petals, are borne 2-6 per
stem. Flowers are produced in spring.
Div.6 Cyclamineus —flowers are borne
usually 1 or 2 per stem, each with a cup

637

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

NARCISSUS

sometimes flanged and often longer than
those of Div.5. Petals are narrow, pointed
and reflexed. Early to mid-spring-flowering.
Div.7 Jonquil and Apodanthus—
sweetly scented flowers are borne usually 2
or more per stem. Cup is short, sometimes
flanged; petals are often flat, fairly broad
and rounded. Spring-flowering.

Div.8 Tazetta —sweetly fragrant flowers
of small-flowered cultivars are borne in
clusters of 12 or more per stem; large-
flowered cultivars have 3 or 4 flowers per
stem. All have a small, often straight-sided
cup and broad, mostly pointed petals. Late
fall- to mid-spring-flowering. Fall¬
flowering hybrids provide valuable cut
flowers; "prepared" bulbs may be grown
in pots for mid-winter flowering.

Div.9 Poeticus —flowers, sometimes
borne 2 per stem, may be sweetly fragrant.
Each has a small, colored cup and
glistening white petals. Some N. poeticus
hybrids are categorized as Div.3 or 8.

Late spring- or early summer-flowering.
Div.10 Bulbocodium —flowers usually
borne singly on very short stems, showing
all the hallmarks of hoop-petticoat daffodils
(IV. bulbocodium subsp. bulbocodium),
with insignificant petals and a
disproportionately large, widely flaring
cup. Winter- to spring-flowering.

Div.ll Split-corona —usually solitary
flowers that have cups split for more than
half their length. In (a). Collar daffodils, the
overlapping segments of the cup lie against
the petals, but in (b), Papillon daffodils, the
segments of the cup tend to be narrower,
with their tips arranged at the margin of
the petals. Most flowers fall into category
(a). Spring-flowering.

Div.12 Miscellaneous —a miscellaneous
category containing hybrids with varying,
intermediate flower shapes that cannot be
satisfactorily classified elsewhere. Fall- to
spring-flowering.

Div.13 Daffodils distinguished solely
by botanical name —a wide variety of
flowers showing the huge range of floral
characteristics of wild daffodils, from the
tiny N. cyclamineus and the sweetly
scented, many-flowered N. tazetta to the
stately trumpet species. Flower in early fall
to early summer.

Narcissus generally grow well in Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Acropolis', Div.4. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Large,
double flowers have white, outer petals
and petaloids; white, inner petals are
interspersed with shorter, orange-red
petaloids. Is suitable for exhibition. Z3-9
H9-1.

638

N. 'Actaea', Div.9 (illus. p.404). Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Fragrant
flowers have glistening white petals and
shallow, flanged, rich lemon cups with
narrow, orange-red rims. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Aircastle', Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have white petals that age
greenish; shallow, flat, lemon-yellow cups
deepen in color at rim. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Albus Plenus Odoratus'. See N.
poeticus 'Plenus'.

N. 'Altruist', Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Flowers have smooth, pale orange petals
and neat, ribbed, shallow, orange-red cup.
Z3-9H9-1.

N. 'Ambergate', Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Flowers each have shallow, widely
expanded, fiery scarlet cup and soft
tangerine petals. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Arctic Gold', Div.l. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Rich golden-
yellow flowers have broad petals and
well-proportioned, flanged trumpets with
neatly serrated rims. Is suitable for
exhibition. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. assoanus, syn. N. juncifolius,

N. requienii Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 6 in (15cm). Is similar to N. jonquilla,
but has thin, cylindrical leaves and
rounded, bright clear yellow flowers with
a sweet, slightly lemony fragrance. Thrives
in sunny, gritty soil. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. asturiensis, syn. N. minimus of
gardens, Div.13. Late winter- or early
spring-flowering bulb. H 3in (8cm). Small,
pale yellow flowers have waisted trumpets
and slender petals. Prefers full sun. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Avalanche', Div.8 (illus. p.405). Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm).
Produces 8 or more sweetly fragrant
flowers, with white petals and primrose-
yellow cup that scarcely fades. May be
forced for mid-winter flowering. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Avalon', Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 14in (35cm). Rounded, bright
lemon-yellow flowers have wide, fluted
cups that become white with age.

IV. 'Barrett Browning', Div.3. Early to
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have pure white petals and short,
frilled, orange-red cups.

IV. 'Bartley', Div.6 (illus. p.405). Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Long,
slender, golden flowers have reflexed petals
and narrow, angled trumpets. Flowers are
long-lasting. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Belcanto', Div.l la. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
have rounded petals, almost obscured by
flattened, pale yellow cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. x biflorus. See N. x medioluteus.

IV. 'Binkie', Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Flowers open pale lemon and cups turn
sulfur-white with ruffled, lemon rims.

Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Birma', Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have soft
yellow petals and fiery orange cups with
heavily ruffled rims. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Bravoure', Div.l. Early to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Large
flowers have overlapping, white petals
and unusually slender, only slightly flared,
lemon-yellow trumpets, with entire rims.
Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Bridal Crown', Div.4 (illus. p.404).

Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented
flowers are semidouble, with rounded,
milk-white petals and white petaloids
interspersed with shorter, saffron-orange
ones toward center. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Broadway Star', Div.l lb (illus. p.404).
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Has white flowers. Expanded segments of
split cups are flattened against petals; each
has narrow, orange mid-stripe running
lengthwise. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Brunswick', Div.2. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Long-lasting

flowers have white petals and long, flared,
primrose cups, which fade to lemon, with
darker rims. Foliage is bluish-green. Is
suitable for cut flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. bulbocodium (Hoop-petticoat daffodil)
Div.13 (illus. p.405). Vigorous, spring¬
flowering bulb. H 3-6in (8-15cm). Flowers
are golden-yellow with conical cups and
narrow, pointed petals. Thrives in moist
sod in full sun. Z3-9 H9-1. var. citrinus,

H 6 in (15cm), has slender, dark green leaves
and clear pale lemon flowers. Hybrids of
this species are in Div.10.

IV. campernelli. See N. x odorus.

N. 'Canaliculatus', Div.8 (illus. p.404).
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm).
Each stem produces cluster of 4 or more
small, fragrant flowers, with reflexed, white
petals and shallow, straight-sided, yellow
cup. Z6-10 H10-3.

IV. 'Canisp', Div.2. Robust, mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large,
milky-white flowers, with broad,
overlapping petals, lightly reflexed at apex,
and slightly darker, flanged, trumpet-like
cup, with rolled, crenate mouth. Z3-9 H9-1.
IV. 'Cantabile', Div.9. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Stiff stems
bear neat, well-rounded, glistening white
flowers, with tiny, red-rimmed, yellow cups
and prominent, green eyes. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. cantabricus (White hoop-petticoat
daffodil) Div.13. Winter-flowering bulb.

H 6 -8in (15-20cm). Milky- or ice-white
flowers have conical trumpets and tiny,
pointed petals. Thrives in an alpine house
or greenhouse. Z8-9 H9-8.

IV. 'Cantatrice', Div.l. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers
have pure white petals and slender, milky-
white trumpets. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Capax Plenus'. See N. 'Eystettensis'.
IV. 'Cassata', Div.lla (illus. p.405). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Cups
are soft primrose and distinctly split into
segments with ruffled margins, while petals
are broad and milky-white. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Charity May' Div.6 (illus. p.405).

Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 12in (30cm). Small, pale lemon flowers
have broad, reflexed petals and slightly
darker cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Cheerfulness' Div.4 (illus. p.404). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented, fully
double flowers are borne several to a stem,
with milky-white petals and petaloids
interspersed with shorter, orange-yellow
ones at center. Is excellent for cut flowers.
Z3-9H9-1.

IV. 'Cool Crystal', Div.3. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has white
flowers with bowl-shaped, green-eyed cups.
IV. cyclamineus , Div.13. Late winter- to
early spring-flowering bulb. H 6 in (15cm).
Slender, nodding, clear gold flowers have
narrow, reflexed petals and long, slender,
flanged, waisted trumpets. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Daydream', Div.2. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
have green-yellow petals and pale trumpets
that fade to white as they age.

IV. 'Diversity', Div.lla. Free-flowering,
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have pure white petals and large,
shallow bowl-shaped, pink-tinted cups. Is
suitable for cut flowers.

IV. 'Dove Wings', Div.6 (illus. p.404). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Has

small flowers with milky-white petals and
fairly long, soft primrose cups. Z3-9 H9-1.
N. 'Dutch Delight', Div.2. Vigorous,
early- or mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in
(45cm). Has large flowers with bright
yellow petals and deep, orange-red
trumpets.

N. 'ELectrus', Div.lla. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large
flowers with white petals and flattened,
green-eyed, pink-orange cups.

N. 'Empress of Ireland', Div.l
(illus. p.404). Mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 16in (40cm). Large, robust, milk-white
flowers have broad, overlapping petals,
reflexed at the apex, and a slightly darker,
flanged trumpet with a rolled, crenate
mouth. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Eystettensis', syn. N. 'Capax Plenus'
(Queen Anne's double daffodil) Div.4. Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 8 in (20cm).

Dainty, double flowers are composed of
pointed, soft pale primrose petaloids neatly
arranged in whorls. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'February Gold', Div.6. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). Solitary,
long-lasting flowers have clear golden
petals and long, flanged, slightly darker
trumpets. Is useful for a border and for
naturalizing. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'February Silver', Div.6 (illus. p.405).
Robust, early spring-flowering bulb.

H 13in (32cm). Long-lasting flowers with
milky-white petals and long, sturdy,
nodding trumpets open rich lemon and
age to creamy-yellow. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Fortune', Div.2. Early to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers
have ribbed, dark lemon petals and bold,
flared, copper-orange cups. Is very good
for cut flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Foxfire', Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 14in (35cm). Has very rounded
flowers with white petals. Small, greenish-
cream cups have small, green eye zone and
coral-orange outer rim. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Fragrant Breeze', Div.2 (illus. p.404).
Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 17in (43cm). Fragrant flowers have pure
white petals and vase-shaped, apricot-
yellow cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

N. 'Fragrant Bose', Div.2. Late-spring-
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
have white petals, which become pink
tinted with age, and conical, green-eyed,
red-pink cups.

N. 'Gay Kybo', Div.4. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Bears large,
double flowers with multiple layers of
creamy-white petals and shorter, orange
trumpets.

N. 'Geranium', Div.8. Mid- to late-spring-
flowering bulb. H Min (35cm). Stems bear
up to 6 scented flowers, with white petals
and flattened, flared, orange-red cups. Is
excellent for cut flowers, and can be grown
for indoor pots.

IV. 'Gold Convention', Div.2. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large
flowers have rich golden petals and deep
trumpets in same color.

IV. 'Golden Ducat' Div.4 (illus. p.405).
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
Produces variable, sometimes poorly
formed, double, rich golden flowers. Is
suitable for cut flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Golden Vale', Div.l. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
have rich golden-yellow petals and

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

NARCISSUS

matching, flared trumpets. Is suitable
for cut flowers.

JV. 'Grand Primo Citronere', Div.8.

Late fall- to early spring-flowering bulb.

H 13in (32cm). Bears 8 or more fragrant
flowers, with milky-white petals and clear
lemon cups, which fade to cream. Treated
bulbs may be forced for mid-winter
flowering. Is good for cut flowers. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Grand Soleil d'Or', Div.8. Late fall-
to early spring-flowering bulb. H Min
(35cm). Flowers are sweetly scented with
dash of lemon. Each has rich golden-yellow
petals and clear tangerine cups. May be
forced for mid-winter flowering, but
staking is needed. Is excellent for cut
flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

IV. 'Hawera', Div.5 (illus. p.405). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 8 in (20cm).
Nodding flowers are delicate lemon-yellow.
Requires a sunny position. Is suitable for
a rock garden or alpine bed; also makes a
good indoor container plant. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Highiield Beauty', Div.8. Mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Stem bears
up to 3 slightly scented flowers, with
butter-yellow petals and slightly darker
trumpets.

JV. 'Home Fires', Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Flowers have pointed, rich lemon petals
and orange-scarlet cups with lobed and
frilled rim. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Honeybird', Div.l. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large,
well-proportioned flowers open greenish-
yellow. Trumpets gradually fade almost to
pure white as they age. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Ice Follies', Div.2 (illus. p.404). Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have milky-white petals and very
wide, almost flat, primrose-yellow cups,
fading to cream. Is excellent for cut flowers.
Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Irene Copeland', Div.4 (illus. p.405).
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H Min (35cm).
Bears large, fully double flowers of neatly
arranged, milky-white petaloids
interspersed with shorter, pale creamy-
yellow ones. Is excellent for cut flowers.
Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Jack Snipe', Div.6 (illus. p.405).

Sturdy, early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
H 9in (23cm). Long-lasting, milky-white
flowers are similar to those of JV. 'Dove
Wings', but have narrower petals with
incurved margins and medium-length cups
of rich dark lemon-yellow. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Jenny', Div. 6 (illus. p.405). Early to
mid- spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Bears long-lasting flowers with milky-white
petals and medium-length, flanged, soft
lemon trumpets that turn creamy-white.
Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Jetlire', Div.6. Free-flowering, early
spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm).
Flowers have overlapping, reflexed, clear
golden-yellow petals and cylindrical,
ribbed, vibrant orange cups, slightly
waisted before crenate rim. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. jonquil la (Wild jonquil) Div. 13. Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Richly fragrant flowers are borne in
cluster of 6 or more; each has tapering,
yellow petals and shallow, dark gold cup.
Has semicylindrical, grooved, glossy,
dark green leaves. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Flore
Pleno' (Queen Anne's jonquil) has loosely

double flowers; broad, incurved, yellow
petals are interspersed with short,
darker ones.

JV. 'Jumblie', Div.12. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 8 in (20cm). Bears 2 or 3
long-lasting flowers, with broad, golden
petals and sturdy, flanged, orange-yellow
cups. Is ideal as a container plant. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. juncifolius. See JV. assoanus.

JV. 'Kilworth', Div.2. Vigorous, late
spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
Flowers have pointed, milky-white petals
and green-eyed, dark reddish-orange cups.
Is effective in large groups. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Kingscourt', Div.l. Sturdy, mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm).
Flowers have broad, rounded, golden-
yellow petals and flanged, flared,
richer golden-yellow trumpets.

Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Liberty Bells', Div.5 (illus. p.405).
Sturdy, mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 13in (32cm). Paired, nodding flowers
are slightly fragrant and clear lemon
yellow. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Little Beauty', Div.l. Early-spring-
flowering bulb. H 572in (14cm). Small
flowers have creamy-white petals and
yellow trumpets. Is suitable for a rock
garden or container.

JV. 'Little Witch', Div.6. Early to mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm).
Produces golden-yellow flowers with
reflexed petals and trumpet-shaped cups.
IV. 'Manley', Div.4. Early- to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Produces
double flowers with whorls of greenish-
yellow petals, interspersed with bright
orange trumpets.

JV. x medioluteus, syn. JV. x biflorus,
Div.13. Mid- to late-spring-flowering bulb.
H 16in (40cm). Produces medium-sized,
sweetly scented flowers of rounded outline,
with overlapping, almost pure white petals
and small, shallow bowl-shaped, primrose-
yellow cups. Is usually twin-headed. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Merlin', Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H Min (35cm). Flowers have broad,
rounded, glistening white petals and
relatively large, almost flat, rich gold cups,
with small, green eye and broad, lightly
ruffled, orange-red rim. Is excellent for
exhibition. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. minimus of gardens. See JV. asturiensis.
JV. 'Minnow', Div.8. Robust, early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm). Each
stem bears cluster of 4 or more fragrant
flowers, with rounded, creamy-yellow
petals and lemon-yellow cups. Increases
freely and will naturalize in grass. Is
suitable for a rock garden and can be
grown indoors as a container plant. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. minor, syn. JV. nanus of gardens,

Div.13. Early spring-flowering bulb.

H 8 in (20cm). Flowers have slightly
overlapping, soft yellow petals and almost
straight, darker yellow trumpets with
frilled rims. Z3-9 H9-1. subsp. pumilus.
See JV. pumilus.

JV. minor of gardens. See JV. pumilus.

JV. 'Mission Bells', Div.5. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Stems bear
1-3 flowers with white petals, and
matching trumpets with greenish centers.
JV. 'Mount Hood', Div.l (illus. p.404).
Vigorous, mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 16in (40cm). Trumpet-shaped, creamy-
yellow flowers soon fade to white. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. nanus, Div.13. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 5in (12cm). Flowers have twisted,
creamy petals and sturdy, straight, dull
yellow trumpets with frilled rim. Leaves are
particularly broad. Is suitable for
naturalizing. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. nanus of gardens. See JV. minor.

JV. obvallaris, syn. JV. pseudonarcissus
subsp. obvallaris (Tenby daffodil), Div.13.
Sturdy, early spring-flowering bulb.

H 12in (30cm). Golden-yellow flowers have
short petals and broad trumpets, and are
borne on stiff stems. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. x odorus, syn. JV. campemelli
(Campernelle jonquil), Div.13. Robust, mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 8-12in (20-30cm).
Has usually 2 richly fragrant, dark golden-
yellow flowers. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Bugulosus',
Div. 7, H 11 in (28cm), is more vigorous and
produces up to 4 small-cupped, rich
golden-yellow flowers.

JV. 'Panache', Div.l (illus. p.405). Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Produces very large, pure white flowers
with well-balanced trumpets tinged green
at bases and broad, overlapping petals.
Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Paper White Grandiflorus', syn.

JV. 'Paper White Snowflake', JV. papyraceus
'Grandiflorus', Div.8. Winter- to mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H Min (35cm). Has
10 or more long-lived, heavily fragrant,
star-shaped, glistening white flowers, with
long, spreading petals and small, flanged
cups containing conspicuous, saffron-
yellow stamens. Produces flowers
continuously through winter indoors.

Z7-9 H9-7.

JV. 'Paper White Snowflake'. See

JV. 'Paper White Grandiflorus'.

JV. papyraceus 'Grandiflorus'. See

JV. 'Paper White Grandiflorus'.

JV. 'Passionale', Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Each
flower has milky-white petals and long,
flanged, apricot-tinged, pink cups. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Pencrebar', Div.4 (illus. p.405). Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm).
Fragrant flowers are small, rounded and
fully double, often in pairs. Outer petaloids
and large, inner ones are pale gold and are
evenly interspersed with darker ones. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Pipit', Div.7 (illus. p.405). Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Bears
up to 3 scented flowers per stem, slightly
greenish sulfur-yellow on opening. Ruffled,
flared cups and base of overlapping petals
become almost white at maturity. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. poeticus (Poet's narcissus), Div.13.
Variable, late spring-flowering bulb.

H 9-17in (22-42cm). Fragrant flowers have
glistening white petals and small, shallow,
red-rimmed, yellow or orange cups. Is ideal
for naturalizing in moist sod although slow
to establish. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Flore Pleno'. See
JV. poeticus 'Plenus'. 'Plenus', syn.

JV. 'Albus Plenus Odoratus', JV. poeticus
'Flore Pleno' Div.13, H 16in (40cm), has
loosely double, pure white flowers, with
inconspicuous, greenish-yellow or orange
centers, in late spring or early summer.

Is good for cut flowers, var. recurvus
(Pheasant's eye), Div.13, H 17in (42cm),

bears larger, long-lasting flowers with
strongly swept-back petals and very
shallow, crimson-rimmed, greenish-yellow
cups, in early summer.

JV. 'Portrush', Div.3. Late spring- to early
summer-flowering bulb. H Min (35cm).
Produces small flowers with green-tinged,
glistening milky-white petals and small,
shallow, flanged, creamy-white cups with
bright green eye. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. 'Pride of Cornwall', Div.8. Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Bears
several large, fragrant flowers, with milky-
white petals and arich yellow cups shading
to orange-red rim outside. Is excellent for
cut flowers. JV. 'Martha Washington' and
JV. 'Geranium' are similar in appearance.
Z3-9H9-1.

JV. pseudonarcissus (Lent lily. Wild
daffodil), Div.13. Extremely variable, early
spring-flowering bulb. H 6-12in (15-30cm).
Nodding flowers have overlapping, straw-
yellow petals and large, darker yellow
trumpets. Is ideal for naturalizing. Z3-9
H9-1. subsp. obvallaris. SeeJV.
obvallaris.

JV. pumilus, syn. JV. minor, N. minor
subsp. pumilus , Div.13. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6-9in (15-22cm). Bears
bright gold flowers with separated, slightly
paler petals and large trumpets with lobed
and frilled rims. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Plenus'. See
JV. 'Rip van Winkle'.

JV. 'Rainbow', Div.2. Vigorous, mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).

White flowers have cups that are broadly
banded with coppery-pink at rim. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Replete', Div.4. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces double
flowers with white petals, interspersed
with reddish-orange trumpet fragments.

JV. requienii. See JV. assoanus.

JV. 'Rip van Winkle', syn. JV. pumilus
'Plenus' Div.4. Early spring-flowering bulb.
H 6 in (15cm). Shaggy, double flowers have
densely arranged, flat, tapering, greenish-
lemon petals with incurving tips. Z3-9
H9-1.

JV. 'Rockall', Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces neat flowers
with overlapping, white petals and shallow,
ribbed, intense orange-red, bowl-shaped
cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. romieuxii, Div.13. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4in (10cm). Best grown
in a frame or an alpine house. Is similar to
JV. bulbocodium, but has fragrant flowers
with large, almost flat, flanged cups of pale
primrose. Z3-9 H9-1.

JV. rupicola, Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 3in (8cm). Has thin, cylindrical,
keeled, erect, gray-green leaves and
solitary, golden-yellow flowers, with
shallow, 6-lobed cups. Z3-9 H9-1. subsp.
watieri, Div.13, H 4in (10cm), produces
relatively large, fragrant, crystalline-
textured, white flowers.

JV. 'Saint Keverne', Div.lib. Sturdy,
early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 17in (42cm). Solitary flowers have clear
rich golden-yellow petals and slightly
darker cups of almost trumpet proportions.
Z3-9H9-1.

JV. 'Saint Patrick's Day', Div.2. Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have broad, flattish, greenish-
yellow petals and large cups with dark
yellow margins.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

NARCISSUS

IV. ‘'Salome', Div.2. Early to mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
have white petals and long, trumpet¬
shaped, pink cups, which are slightly frilled
with hint of warm gold at edge. Is excellent
for cut flowers.

IV. 'Satin Pink', Div.2. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Each flower
has broad, ribbed, milk-white petals and
long, barely flared, flanged, soft buff-pink
cup of almost trumpet proportions. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Scarlet Gem', Div.8. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces
7-8 scented flowers with golden petals
and scarlet or deep orange-red cups. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Segova', Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure
white petals and small, lemon-yellow cups.
IV. 'Sempre Avanti', Div.2. Early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have creamy-white petals and
yellow cups. Is good for naturalizing in
grass.

IV. 'Shepherds Hey', Div.7. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Produces
2 or more fragrant flowers per stem, with
overlapping, golden-yellow petals and
small, fluted cups.

IV. 'Shining Light', Div.2. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Well-
balanced flowers have smooth,
overlapping, clear, pale golden-yellow
petals and slightly ribbed, rich orange-
red cups. Lightly toothed rim is slightly
darker. Is excellent for exhibition.

Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Silver Chimes', Div.8 (illus. p.407).

N IV. 'Sinopel', Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have pure
white petals and shallow-bowled, green
cups edged with deep yellow.

IV. 'Sir Winston Churchill', Div.4
(illus. p.405). Mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 14in (35cm). Produces fragrant, double,
white flowers with orange-yellow segments
in centers. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Slim Whitman', Div.2. Early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have ivory-white petals and
orange cups with sulfur-yellow rim.

IV. 'Spellbinder', Div.l (illus. p.405).

Early spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm).
Long-lasting, bright sulfur-yellow flowers
have slender, flanged trumpets, reversing
to palest sulfur-white inside, except for
lobed, rolled-back rim, which is tinged with
lemon. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Spring Pride', Div.2. Early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers have ivory-white petals and yellow
cups edged with apricot.

N. 'Stint', Div.5. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 12in (30cm). Produces 2 or more
pendent, bright yellow flowers with pale
lemon-yellow cups.

IV. 'Stratosphere', Div.7 (illus. p.405).
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in
(40cm). Bears usually 3 fragrant flowers,
with yellow petals and darker golden-
yellow cups. Is excellent for exhibition.
Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Sun Disc', Div.7. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 6in (15cm). Produces 2 or more
rounded, sweetly scented flowers per stem,
— with yellow petals and small, flat cups.

640 IV. 'Suzy', Div.7 (illus. p.405). Robust,

mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).

Produces 3 or 4 long-lasting, large,
fragrant flowers, with clear golden-yellow
petals and large, flanged, rich tangerine
cups. Is suitable for cut flowers. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Sweetness', Div.7. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Sweetly
fragrant flowers, occasionally borne in
pairs, have intense golden-yellow petals
and darker, wavy-edged cups of strong
substance. Is good for cut flowers. Z3-9
H9-1.

IV. 'Tahiti', Div.4 (illus. p.405). Robust,
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
Solitary, loosely double flowers have
golden petals and petaloids, interspersed
with short, fiery orange, inner petaloids.
Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. tazetta, Div.13. Extremely variable,
late fall- to mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 12-16in (30-40cm). Bears usually
12 or more fragrant flowers, generally
with slender, white or yellow petals and
shallow, white or yellow cups.

Z7-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Tete-a-Tete', Div.12. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6-12in (15-30cm). Long-
lasting flowers have reflexed, rich
golden-yellow petals and square, flanged,
warm yellowish-orange cups. Should be
twin-flowered. Is very susceptible to
viruses. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Thalia', Div.5 (illus. p.404). Vigorous,
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
Each stem has 3 or more long-lived, milky-
white flowers, with irregularly formed,
often propeller-shaped petals and flanged,
bold cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Tresambie', Div.5. Sturdy, early
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Each stem bears up to 6 flowers, with
milky-white petals and flanged, creamy-
white cups that are paler at rim.

Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Trevithian', Div.7. Vigorous, early to
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Produces 2 or 3 large, fragrant, rounded,
soft primrose flowers, with broad petals
and short cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. triandrus (Angel's tears), Div.13.
Early spring-flowering bulb. H 5in (12cm).
Bears nodding, milky-white flowers,
with narrow, reflexed petals and fairly
long, straight-sided cups. Is suitable for
a rock garden or as a container plant.
Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Tripartite', Div.ll. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Each stem
produces 2-3 lemon and golden-yellow
flowers, with split trumpets that sit flat
against petals.

IV. 'Trousseau', Div.l. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Flowers
have milky-white petals and straight,
flanged, soft lemon trumpets, with flared,
lobed rim turning rich creamy-buff tinged
with pale pink. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Tudor Minstrel', Div.2. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Produces
flowers with pointed, white petals.
Chrome-yellow cups are slender and
flanged outward. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Verger', Div.3. Mid-spring flowering
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure
white petals and small, shallow, deep
orange-red cups.

IV. 'W.P. Milner', Div.l. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). Nodding
flowers have slender, twisted, light creamy-

yellow petals and flared, pale lemon-yellow
trumpets, which fade to palest sulfur.
Z3-9H9-1.

IV. 'Waterperry', Div.7. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm). Flowers
have dull creamy-white petals. Lightly
flanged, spreading, primrose cups turn rich
buff-yellow, shading to pinkish-apricot
rims. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'White Lady', Div.3. Vigorous, mid- to
late-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Large, scented flowers have spreading,
slightly overlapping, pure white petals.
Small, shallow, heavily frilled cups are
strong primrose-yellow on opening,
becoming more creamy-yellow with
maturity. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'White Lion', Div.4. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces
double, white flowers interspersed with
bright yellow.

IV. 'White Marvel', Div.5. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces
2 or more pendent, fragrant, double, white
flowers per stem.

IV. 'Woodland Star', Div.3. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large
flowers have white petals and small, bowl¬
shaped, deep red cups. Z3-9 H9-1.

IV. 'Yellow Cheerfulness', Div.8. Mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H Min (35cm).
Produces multiheaded stems of fragrant,
pale yellow flowers.

NAUTILOCALYX

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, erect, bushy
perennials, grown for their flowers and
foliage. Requires high humidity, partial
shade and well-drained soil; avoid
waterlogging, especially in winter.
Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or
by seed, if available, in spring.

IV. bullatus, syn. N. tessellatus.
Evergreen, erect, bushy perennial. H and
S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly oval, wrinkled
leaves, to 9in (23cm) long, are dark green
with bronze sheen above, reddish-green
beneath. Clusters of small, tubular, white-
haired, pale yellow flowers are produced
in leaf axils mainly in summer. Z14-15
H12-10.

IV. lynchii, illus. p.471.

IV. tessellatus. See N. bullatus.

Neanthe bella. See Chamaedorea
elegans.

NECTAROSCORDUM

LILIACEAE/ALL1ACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs,
related to Allium and Lilium, grown for
their umbels of bell-shaped flowers
and for their seed heads when dried.
Exudes a very strong, onion-like smell
when bruised. Stems with erect,
shuttlecock-like seed heads may be dried
for winter decoration. Needs partial
shade and tolerates any soil that is
neither too dry nor waterlogged. Plant
in rough grass or borders. Propagate by
freely produced offsets in late summer
or by seed in fall.

IV. dioscoridis. See N. siculum subsp.
bulgaricum.

N. siculum subsp. bulgaricum , syn. N.
dioscoridis , illus. p.385.

NEILLIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their graceful habit and profuse clusters
of small flowers. Requires sun or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Established plants benefit from having
some older shoots cut to base after
flowering. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by suckers in fall.

IV. longiracemosa. See N. thibetica.

N. sinensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 6 ft (2m). Has peeling, brown bark
and oval, sharply toothed, mid-green
leaves. Bears nodding racemes of small,
tubular, pinkish-white flowers in late spring
and early summer. Z5-7 H7-5.

IV. thibetica, syn. N. longiracemosa , illus.
p.133.

NELUMBO

Lotus

NYMPHAEACEAE/NELUMBONACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their foliage,
flowers and seed pods. Needs an open,
sunny position and 24in (60cm) depth
of water. Remove fading foliage; flowers
may be left to develop into decorative seed
pods. Divide overgrown plants in spring.
Propagate species by seed in spring,
selected forms by division in spring.

N. lutea (American lotus. Water
chinquapin). Vigorous, deciduous,
perennial, marginal water plant. H and
S 3ft (lm). Rounded, blue-green leaves,
prominently veined beneath, develop on
sturdy stems, 1—2ft (30-60cm) long. Large,
chalice-shaped, yellow flowers are
produced in summer. Z4-11 H12-1.

IV. nucifera, illus. p.438. 'Alba
Grandiflora' is a vigorous, deciduous,
perennial, marginal water plant. H 4-6ft
(1.2-1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has very large,
rounded, wavy-margined, dark green
leaves, on sturdy stems, with large,
fragrant, chalice-shaped, white flowers,
9-10in (22-25cm) across, in summer. Z4-11
H12-3. 'Alba Striata' bears white flowers,
6in (15cm) across, with jagged, red
margins. Z4-11 H12-3. 'Rosea Plena'
produces double, soft pink flowers, to
12in (30cm) across. Z4-11 H12-3.

NEMATANTHUS

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and soft-stemmed,
evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers
and foliage. Requires partial shade and
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately, allowing
soil almost to dry out between applications.
Tip prune young plants to stimulate
branching. Propagate by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer.

IV. gregarius, syn. N. radicans, Hypocyrta
radicans , illus. p.459.

IV. radicans. See N. gregarius.

N. strigillosus , syn. Hypocyrta strigillosa.
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Elliptic,
slightly cupped leaves are clothed in dense
down. Small, tubular, orange or orange-red
flowers are produced in leaf axils mainly
from spring to fall.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

N EM ESI A

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen subshrubs, commonly grown
for summer bedding and as greenhouse
plants. Prefers sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Cut back stems after
flowering to encourage new buds. Pinch
out growing shoots of young plants to
ensure a bushy habit. Propagate by
seed sown under glass in early spring,
or outdoors in late spring.

N. Amelie ('Fleurame'), illus. p.301.

N. Maritana Series Maritana Blue
Lagoon ('Pengoon'). Rather upright,
twiggy perennial, grown as an annual.

H 14in (35cm), S 24in (60cm). Slightly
fragrant, 2-lipped, blue-purple flowers,

Win (2cm) across, are borne in dense spikes
in summer and fall above lance-shaped,
slightly scalloped, mid-green leaves.

Prefers moist soil.

N. strumosa. Fast-growing, bushy
annual. H 8-18in (20-45cm), S 6 in (15cm).
Has lance-shaped, serrated, pale
green leaves and, in summer, trumpet¬
shaped, yellow, white or purple
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across. Is good for
cut flowers. H7-1. Carnival Series, illus.
p.307.

N. Sunsatia Series Sunsatia Mango
('Inupyel'), illus. p.320.

NEMOPHILA

hydrophyllaceae/boraginaceaeT

Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens
and for edging. Needs sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or early fall. Is prone to
aphids.

N. insignis. See N. menziesii.

N. maculata , illus. p.299.

N. menziesii, syn. N. insignis, illus. p.314.

NEOBUXBAUMIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of columnar or treelike perennial
cacti with cylindrical stems and usually
low-set ribs. Nocturnal flowers, produced
in summer, are followed by angular fruits,
which open like stars when ripe. Requires
sun and poor to moderately fertile, sharply
drained, gritty soil. Propagate by seed in
spring.

IV. euphorbioides, syn. Lemaireocereus
euphorbioides, Rooksbya euphorbioides,
illus. p.494.

Neochilenia mitis of gardens. See
Eriosyce napina.

NEOLITSEA

LAURACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage. In cold areas, needs
shelter from strong winds; does best
against a south- or west-facing wall.
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in late summer.

N. sericea, syn. Litsea glauca, Neolitsia
glauca. Evergreen, broadly conical, dense
tree or shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Narrowly
oval, pointed leaves are glossy, mid-green
above, white beneath and, when young, are

densely covered with silky, brown hairs.
Small, star-shaped, yellow flowers are
borne in fall. Z8-11 H12-8.

Neolitsia glauca. See Neolitsea sericea.

NEOLLOYDIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti with dense spines and short tubercles
in spirals. Most species are exceptionally
difficult to cultivate unless grafted. Needs
full sun and well-drained soil. Water
sparingly from spring to fall; keep dry in
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or
summer.

N. conoidea, syn. Mammillaria conoidea,
illus. p.483.

NEOMARICA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering,
iris-like, rhizomatous perennials, grown for
their clusters of short-lived flowers. Needs
partial shade and fertile, moist, preferably
rich soil. Water freely in summer; reduce
water in winter but do not allow plants
to dry out. Propagate by seed in spring
or by division in spring or summer.

N. caerulea, illus. p.393.

NEOPANAX

ARALIACEAE

Small genus of evergreen shrubs, grown
for their foliage. Grow in sun or semi¬
shade in a good, well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

N. arboreus (Five fingers). Evergreen,
round-headed, sturdy-branched tree.

H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Large, glossy, dark
green leaves are divided into 5 or 7 oblong
leaflets. Produces tiny, honey-scented, green
flowers in summer, followed by rounded,
purplish-black fruits on female plants.

N. laetus. Evergreen, round-headed,
sturdy-branched tree or shrub. H and
S 10ft (3m). Has large, long-stalked,
leathery, dark green leaves divided into
5 or 7 oblong leaflets. Bears tiny, greenish-
purple flowers, in summer, followed by
rounded, purplish-black fruits on female
plants in fall.

Neoporteria chilensis. See Eriosyce
chilensis.

Neoporteria litoralis. See Eriosyce
subgibbosa.

Neoporteria mitis. See Eriosyce napina.

Neoporteria napina. See Eriosyce
napina.

Neoporteria nidus. See Eriosyce kunzei.

Neoporteria subgibbosa. See Eriosyce
subgibbosa.

Neoporteria villosa. See Eriosyce villosa.

NEOREGELIA

BROMELIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
epiphytic perennials, grown for their
overall appearance. Requires partial shade
and a rooting medium of equal parts rich
soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic
chips used for orchid culture. Using soft
water, water moderately in growing
season, sparingly at other times, and

keep rosette centers filled with water
from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets in
spring or summer.

N. carolinae, syn. Aregelia carolinae,
Nidularium carolinae (Blushing bromeliad).
Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 16-24in (40-60cm). Strap-shaped, finely
spine-toothed, lustrous, bright green leaves
are produced in dense rosettes. Compact
cluster of tubular, blue-purple flowers,
surrounded by red bracts, is borne at
center of each mature rosette, usually in
summer. Z13-15 H12-1. f. tricolor, syn.

N. carolinae 'Tricolor' has leaves striped
with ivory-white, that flush pink with age.
‘'Tricolor'. See N. carolinae f. tricolor.

N. concentrica, illus. p.471. Evergreen,
spreading, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
perennial. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S to 28in (70cm). Very broadly strap-shaped
to oval, glossy, dark green leaves, with
spiny, black teeth and usually with dark
blotches, are borne in dense rosettes. In
summer, compact cluster of tubular, pale
blue flowers, surrounded by pinkish-lilac
bracts, is produced at center of each
mature rosette, var. plutonis, syn. N.
concentrica 'Plutonis' has bracts flushed
with red. Hll-1. 'Plutonis'. See N.
concentrica var. plutonis.

NEPENTHES

Monkey cup. Tropical pitcher plant
NEPENTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, mostly
epiphytic perennials, with leaves adapted
to form pendulous, lidded, colored pitchers
that trap and digest insects. Is suitable for
hanging baskets. Requires a humid
atmosphere, partial shade and moist, fertile
soil with added peat and moss. Propagate
by seed in spring or by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

N. x hookeriana, illus. p.473.

N. rafflesiana. Evergreen, epiphytic,
insectivorous perennial. H 10ft (3m), S 3-4ft
(1-1.2m). Has lance-shaped, dark green
leaves. Greenish-yellow pitchers, to lOin
(25cm) long, are mottled purple and brown
and have spurred lids. Inconspicuous,
green flowers in racemes are produced
intermittently. Z15 H12-10.

NEPETA

Catmint

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
useful for edging, particularly where they
can tumble over paving. Needs sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by stem-
tip or softwood cuttings in spring or
summer, species only by seed in fall. Cats
may be attracted to this plant, rolling on it
and crushing it. Leaves can be dried and
used in cat toys.

N. 'Blue Beauty'. See N. 'Souvenir
d'Andre Chaudron'.

N. x faassenii, illus. p.270.

N. grandiflora. Neat, erect perennial.

H 16-32in (40-80cm), S 18-24in (45-60cm).
Has slightly hairy stems, oval, round¬
toothed, light green leaves, with heart-
shaped bases, and, in summer, racemes of
small, hooded, blue flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

N. macrantha. See N. sibirica.

NERINE

N. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.

H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Forms mound
of narrowly oblong to lance-shaped,
pointed, prominently veined, mid-green
leaves. Dense racemes of small, tubular,
pale blue flowers are produced from early
to mid-summer. Z5-7 H7-5.

N. sibirica, syn. N. macrantha,
Dracocephalum sibiricum. Erect, leafy
perennial. H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm).
Bears long, whorled cymes of blue to
lavender-blue flowers in mid- and late
summer. Leaves are dark green and
aromatic. Z3-8H8-1. 'Souvenir d'Andre
Chaudron'. See N. 'Souvenir d'Andre
Chaudron'.

N. 'Six Hills Giant', illus. p.240.

N. 'Souvenir d'Andre Chaudron',

syn. N. 'Blue Beauty', N. sibirica 'Souvenir
d'Andre Chaudron'. Spreading, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
Tubular, blue flowers are borne throughout
summer above oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, gray leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

NEPHROLEPIS

NEPHROLEPIDACEAE/

LOMARIOPSIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
ferns. Needs partial shade and prefers
moist soil, but is extremely tolerant of both
drought and waterlogging. Remove fading
fronds and divide regularly. Propagate by
division in summer or early fall.

N. cordifolia (Ladder fern. Sword fern).
Semievergreen fern. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
arching, dark green fronds with rounded,
finely serrated pinnae. Z9-11 H12-1. N

N. exaltata, illus. p.478.

NEPHTHYTIS

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
with horizontal, creeping rhizomes,
grown for their foliage. Requires a humid
atmosphere, partial shade and moist, rich
soil. Propagate by division in spring or
summer.

N. afzelii. Evergreen, creeping,
rhizomatous perennial. H to 30in (75cm),

S indefinite. Has tufts of arrow-shaped,
lobed, dark green leaves, to lOin (25cm)
long. Intermittently bears hooded, greenish
spathe, enclosing green spadix, followed by
spherical, orange fruits. Z14-15 H12-10.

N. triphylla of gardens. See Syngonium
podophyllum.

NERINE

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, some of which are
semievergreen, grown for their spherical
heads of wavy-petaled, pink to red,
occasionally white, flowers. Most flower in
fall before leaves appear. Needs full sun
and light, sandy soil. Plant in early fall.

Dislikes being disturbed. Water until leaves
die down, then dry off. Propagate by seed
when fresh or divide offsets in fall or when
leaves have died down. ® All parts may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

N. 'Baghdad'. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 24in (60cm), S 6 -8in (15-20cm). Leaves

are strap-shaped, semierect and basal. 641

Has crimson flowers, paler toward centers;

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

NERIUM

long, narrow petals have recurved tips and
crisped margins. Z8-10 H10-8.

IV. 'Blanchefleur'. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves and tight head of 5-10 pure white
flowers. Upper parts of petals are twisted.
Z8-10 H10-8.

N. bowdenii, illus. p.413. f. alba , illus.
p.413. 'Bowie' is a fall-flowering bulb.

H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears umbels
of soft apricot-pink flowers with recurved
petal tips. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves persist throughout winter and die
down in spring.

N. 'Brian Doe'. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 12-20in (30-50cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).
Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Sturdy, leafless stem bears head of salmon-
pink flowers with reflexed, wavy-margined
petals. ZB-10 H10-8.

N. 'Corusca Major', syn. N. samiensis
var. corusca 'Major'. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 24in (60cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm). Forms
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Sturdy stem bears 10-15 scarlet-red
flowers with narrow petals. Is good
for cut flowers. Z8-10 H10-8.

N. crispa. See N. undulata.

N. filifolia. Fall-flowering bulb. H to lOin
(25cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has threadlike,
semierect leaves in basal tuft. Slender stem
has pale pink flowers with narrow petals.
Z8-10 H10-8.

N. flexuosa, syn. N. undulata Flexuosa
Group. Semievergreen, fall-flowering bulb.
H 16-20in (40-50cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm).
Bears strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves and 10-15 pink flowers; each petal
has deeper pink mid-vein and recurved,
wavy upper half. Z8-10 H10-8. 'Alba'
has white flowers.

N. 'Fothergillii Major'. Late summer-
to early fall-flowering bulb. H 18-24in (45—
60cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm). Leaves are strap¬
shaped, semierect and basal. Very strong
stem has about 10 bright scarlet-salmon
flowers with recurved petals. Z8-10 H10-8.
N. masoniorum. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Produces threadlike, semierect leaves in
basal tuft. Stem bears pink flowers with
very crisped petal margins. Z8-10 H10-8.
N. 'Nikita'. Fall-flowering bulb.

H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm). Has broadly
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves.
Sturdy stem bears loose umbels of funnel-
shaped, pale pink flowers with wavy-
margined, recurved petal tips.

N. 'Orion', illus. p.413.

N. sarniensis, illus. p.414. var. corusca
'Major'. See N. 'Corusca Major'.

N. undulata, syn. N. crispa, illus. p.413.
Flexuosa Group. See N. flexuosa.

NERIUM

Oleander

APOCYNACEAE

642

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when in
full growth, sparingly at other times. Tip-
prune young plants to promote branching.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer. ® All parts are highly
toxic if ingested; contact with foliage may
irritate skin.

N. oleander, illus. p.455.

NERTERA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of creeping perennials, grown for
their mass of spherical, beadlike fruits
in fall. Makes excellent alpine houseplants.
Requires a sheltered, semi-shaded position
and moist but well-drained, gritty, sandy
soil. Resents winter wet. Propagate in
spring by seed, division or tip cuttings.

IV. depressa. See N. granadensis.

N. granadensis, syn. N. depressa, illus.
p.373.

NICANDRA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of one species of annual, grown for
its short-lived flowers. Needs sun and rich,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring.

N. physalodes (Apple of Peru, Shoo-fly).
Fast-growing, upright, branching annual.

H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Has oval,
serrated, mid-green leaves. In summer
to early fall produces bell-shaped, white-
throated, light violet-blue flowers, lin
(2.5cm) or more wide, that last one day.
Spherical, green fruits, 2in (5cm) wide, are
surrounded by purple and green calyces.

Is thought to repel flies, hence its name.
H9-1.

Nicodemia madagascariensis. See

Buddleja madagascariensis.

NICOTIAN A

Tobacco plant

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials that are
usually grown as annuals, and
semievergreen shrubs. Needs sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate annuals and perennials by seed
in early spring, shrubs by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer. ® Contact
with the foliage may irritate skin.

N. affinis. See N. alata.

N. alata, syn. N. affinis, illus. p.231.

IV. glauca. Semievergreen, upright shrub.
H and S 8-10ft (2.5-3m). Sturdy, blue-gray
shoots bear narrowly oval, fleshy, blue-
gray leaves. Showy, tubular, bright yellow
flowers are produced in summer and early
fall. Z10-11 H12-1.

N. langsdorfRi, illus. p.316.

IV. 'Lime Green'. Upright annual.

H 24in (60cm), S lOin (25cm). Mid-green
leaves are spoon-shaped. In late summer
and fall produces racemes of open trumpet¬
shaped, greenish-yellow flowers that are
fragrant at night. Z10-11 H12-1.

IV. x sanderae. Nicki Series,

H 15in (38cm), produces fragrant flowers
in an extensive color range that includes
white, pink, red and purple. 'Crimson
Rock' Fairly slow-growing, bushy annual.

H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Oval leaves are
mid-green. Evening-scented, trumpet¬
shaped, bright crimson flowers, to 3in
(8cm) long, are produced throughout
summer and early fall. Saratoga Series
(rose), illus. p.305; (white), illus. p.299.

IV. sylvestris (Flowering tobacco).
Branching perennial, often grown as
an annual. H 5ft (1.5m), S 272ft (75cm).
Produces panicles of fragrant, tubular,
white flowers at ends of stems in late

summer. Sweet flower scent is strongest
at night. Has long, rough, mid-green leaves
that are sticky to touch. Prefers sun. Z10-11
HI 1-1.

NIDULARIUM

Bird's-nest bromeliad
BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
epiphytic perennials, grown for their
overall appearance. Requires partial shade
and a rooting medium of equal parts rich
soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic
chips generally used for orchid culture.
Using soft water, water moderately in
growing season, sparingly at other times,
and keep centers of rosettes filled with
water from spring to fall. Propagate by
offsets in spring or summer.

IV. carolinae. See Neoregelia carolinae.

IV. fulgens (Blushing bromeliad).

Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more,

S 16-20in (40-50cm). Has dense rosettes
of strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, arching,
glossy, rich green leaves. Tubular, white-
and-purple flowers, almost hidden in rosette
of bright scarlet bracts, are produced mainly
in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

IV. innocentii. Evergreen, spreading,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
dense rosettes of strap-shaped, prickle¬
toothed, arching, dark green, sometimes
reddish-green leaves, with reddish-purple
undersides. Tubular, white flowers,
partially hidden in rosette of bright red
bracts, are produced mainly in summer.
Z14-15 H12-10.

N. procerum. Evergreen, spreading,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 20-30in (50-75cm).
Strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, bright green
leaves are produced in dense rosettes.
Clusters of small, tubular, blue flowers
are borne in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

NIEREMBERGIA

Cup flower

SOLANACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
sometimes grown as annuals, and
deciduous or semievergreen subshrubs.
Prefers sun and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring, by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

IV. caerulea. See N. linariifolia.

N. hippomanica. See N. linariifolia.

N. linariifolia, syn. N. caerulea, N.
hippomanica. 'Purple Robe' illus. p.312.
IV. repens, syn. N. rivularis, illus. p.361.

IV. rivularis. See N. repens.

NIGELLA

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers,
which are suitable for cutting, and their
ornamental seed pods. Prefers sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead
plants to prolong flowering if seed heads
are not required. Propagate by seed in
spring or early fall.

IV. damascena (Love-in-a-mist). Fast¬
growing, upright annual. H 24in (60cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, bright green
leaves. Spurred, many-petaled, blue or

white flowers are produced in summer,
followed by inflated, rounded, green, then
brown seed pods that may be cut and
dried. H12-1. 'Miss Jekyll', illus. p.315.

Persian Jewels Series, illus. p.314.

NOLANA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, useful for growing
in hot, dry sites and rock gardens and
as edging. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring.

IV. atriplicifolia. See N. paradoxa.

N. grandiflora. See N. paradoxa.

N. paradoxa, syn. N. atriplicifolia,

N. grandiflora. Moderately fast-growing,
prostrate annual. H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has oval, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
funnel-shaped, purplish-blue flowers, to
2in (5cm) wide, with white-zoned, yellow
throats. Z9-11 H12-1.

Nolina recurvata. See Beaucarnea
recurvata.

Nolina tuberculata. See Beaucarnea
recurvata.

NOMOCHARIS

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their lily-like
habit and, in summer, loose spikes of
flattish flowers, often conspicuously
spotted. Requires partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil. In summer, keep soil
moist but not waterlogged. Remains
dormant throughout winter. Propagate
by seed in winter or spring.

IV. mairei. See N. pardanthina.

N. nana. See Lilium nanum.

N. pardanthina, syn. N. mairei, illus.
p.385.

N. saluenensis. Summer-flowering bulb.

H 34in (85cm), S 5-6in (12-15cm). Leafy
stems bear lance-shaped, scattered leaves.
Has loose spike of 2-6 saucer-shaped, white
or pink flowers, with dark purple eyes and
purple spots. Z7-9 H9-7.

Nopalxochia ackermannii. See

Disocactus ackermannii.

NOTHOFAGUS

Southern beech
FAGACEAE/NOTHOFAGACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees,
grown for their habit, foliage and, in the
case of deciduous species, fall color. Has
inconspicuous flowers in late spring.
Requires sun or partial shade and, because
it is not very resistant to strong winds,
should have the shelter of other trees.
Prefers deep, fertile, moist but well-drained
soil; is not suitable for shallow, chalky soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

N. x alpina, syn. N. procera, illus. p.64.

N. antarctica (Antarctic beech, Nirre).
Deciduous, broadly conical tree, sometimes
with several main stems. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). Small, oval, crinkly-edged,
glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in
fall. Z7-10 H10-7.

N. betuloides, illus. p.69.

N. dombeyi, illus. p.68.

N. menziesii, illus. p.69.

N. obliqua, illus. p.63.

N. procera. See N. x alpina.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

NYMPHAEA

NOTHOLIRION

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, related
to Lilium, grown for their funnel-shaped
flowers. Often produces early leaves, which
may be damaged by spring frosts, so grow
in a cool greenhouse in areas subject to
alternating mild and cold periods in spring.
Prefers partial shade or sun and rich, well-
drained soil. Bulb dies after flowering.
Propagate in spring or fall by offsets, which
take 2-3 years to reach flowering size, or in
winter or spring by seed.

N. campanulatum, illus. p.386.

Nothopanax. See Pseudopanax.

Nothoscordum neriniflorum. See

Caloscordum neriniflorum.

Notocactus apricus. See Parodia
concinna.

Notocactus haselbergii. See Parodia
haselbergii subsp. haselbergii.

Notocactus leninghausii. See Parodia
leninghausii.

Notocactus mammulosus. See Parodia
mammulosa.

Notocactus ottonis. See Parodia ottonis.
Notocactus rutilans. See Parodia
mueller-melchersii.

Notocactus scopa. See Parodia scopa.
Notospartium carmichaeliae. See

Carmichaelia carmichaeliae.

NUPHAR

Spatterdock, Yellow pond lily
NYMPHAEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water
plants, grown for their floating foliage and
spherical flowers. Needs sun and running
or still water; is often grown for a water-lily
effect in conditions where true water lilies
would not thrive. Remove fading foliage
and flowers, and divide crowded plants.
Propagate by division in spring.

N. advena (Common spatterdock).
Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant.

S 4ft (1.2m). Has broadly oval, floating, mid¬
green leaves; central ones are occasionally
erect. Small, purple-tinged, yellow flowers
in summer are followed by ovoid to flask¬
shaped fruits. Z6-11 H12-6.

N. lutea , illus. p.444.

Nuttallia. See Oemleria.

NYMAN IA

AITONIACEAE/M ELIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, spring¬
flowering shrub, grown for its flowers and
fruits. Needs full light and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in full growth, less at
other times. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

N. capensis , illus. p.456.

NYMPHAEA

Waterlily

NYMPHAEACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering,
perennial water plants, grown for their
floating, usually rounded leaves and
brightly colored flowers. Needs an open,
sunny position and still water; they are not
suitable for streams, or positions close to

fountains. Remove fading foliage to
prevent it polluting water. Plants have
tuber-like rhizomes and require dividing
and replanting in spring or early summer
every 3 or 4 years. Most frost-tender plants
may be treated as annuals. May also be
propagated by seed or by separating
plantlets in spring or early summer. Water
lily beetle and China mark moth eat the
foliage and can be problems. See also
feature panel p.440.

N. 'Amabiiis'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S 5—7ft
(1.5-2.2m). Rounded leaves, reddish-purple
when young, mature to dark green with
red-margined, light green undersides.

In summer has star-shaped, pink flowers,
6-7in (15-19cm) across, with light pink tips
and dark yellow stamens. Z3-11 HI2-1.

N. ■'American Star', illus. p.440.
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S to 4ft (1.2m). Young leaves
are purplish-green or bronze, maturing
to bright green. Star-shaped flowers,

4in (10cm) across, are deep pink and are
held above water throughout summer.
Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Attraction', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 6ft (2m). Has dark green leaves. In
summer bears cup-shaped, white-flecked,
garnet-red flowers, 6in (15cm) across.

Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Aurora'. Deciduous, perennial water
plant with floating leaves. S to 30in (75cm).
Olive-green leaves are mottled with purple.
In summer has star-shaped flowers,

2in (5cm) across, cream in bud, opening
to yellow, then passing through orange
to blood-red. Is suitable for a small- to
medium-sized pool. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Black Princess', illus. p.440.
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S 4ft (1.2m). Rounded, red-
bronze leaves mature to dark green. In
summer produces cup-shaped, very dark
blackish-purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
with dark orange stamens.

N. 'Blue Beauty', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 8ft (2.5m). Leaves are brown-freckled,
dark green above, purplish-green beneath.
Fragrant, rounded, deep blue flowers, to
12in (30cm) across, are produced in
summer. Z10-11 Hll-7.

N. capensis (Cape blue waterlily).
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Large, mid¬
green leaves are often splashed with purple
beneath. Star-shaped, bright blue flowers,
6-8in (15-20cm) across, are borne in
summer. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Emily Grant Hutchings'. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 4ft (1.2m). Has small, green leaves
overlaid with bronze-crimson. Cup-shaped,
pinkish-red flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm)
across, open during night in summer.
Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Escarboucle', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 10ft (3m). Leaves are dark green. In
summer has cup-shaped, deep crimson
flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across, with
bright golden-yellow centers. Z3-11 H12-1.
N. 'Fabiola'. Deciduous, perennial water
plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). In
summer produces fragrant, peony-shaped
flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm) across, with

strongly flecked, pink petals, above mid¬
green leaves. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Firecrest', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 4ft (1.2m). Dark green leaves are
suffused with purple. In summer bears
star-shaped, deep pink flowers, 6-8in
(15-20cm) across, with bold, red-tipped
stamens. Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Froebelii', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S 3ft (90cm). Has rounded, pale green
leaves, bronzed when young. In summer
produces cup-shaped, later star-shaped,
burgundy-red flowers, 4-5in (10-12cm)
across, with red stamens. Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'General Pershing'. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S 5—6ft (1.5-1.8m). Leaves are rounded,
wavy-margined, olive-green and marked
with purple. In summer bears highly
fragrant, cup-shaped, later flat, lavender-
pink flowers, 8-1 lin (20-27cm) across,
with yellow stamens. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Gladstoneana'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S to 10ft
(3m). Leaves are mid-green. Star-shaped,
white flowers, 6-12in (15-30cm) across,
are produced in summer. Z3-11 H12-1.

N. 'Gonnere', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 5ft (1.5m). Has bright pea-green leaves
and, in summer, rounded, white flowers,
6-8in (15-20cm) across. Z3-11 H12-1.

N. 'Green Smoke'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft
(2m). Bronze-green leaves have bronze
speckling. Star-shaped flowers, 4-8in
(10-20cm) across, are chartreuse, shading
to blue. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Helvola', syn. N. pygmaea 'Helvola',

N. tetragona 'Helvola', illus. p.440.
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S to 18in (45cm). Has small,
olive-green leaves with heavy purple or
brown mottling. Produces star-shaped,
yellow flowers, 3 A-lV4in (2^1cm) across,
in summer.

N. 'James Brydon', illus. p.440.
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S to 8ft (2.5m). Fragrant,
peony-shaped, orange-suffused, crimson
flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) across, are borne
in summer above glossy, dark green leaves.
Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Laydekeri Fulgens'. See N. 'Fulgens'
Laydekeri Group.

N. Laydekeri Group 'Fulgens', syn. N.
'Laydekeri Fulgens', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 3ft (lm). Dark green leaves have
purplish-green undersides. Star-shaped,
bright crimson flowers, 2-4in (5-10cm)
across, are borne in summer. Z3-11 Hll-1.
N. 'Lemon Chiffon', illus. p.440.
Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S 6 ft (2m). Rounded, mid¬
green leaves, red spotted underneath, are
strongly splashed with bronze. Produces
spherical, pale lemon flowers, 6in (15cm)
across, in summer.

N. 'Lucidia', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S 5—6ft (1.5-1.8m). Has broadly ovate, mid¬
green leaves. Star-shaped flowers, 5-6in
(12-15cm) across, with red inner petals,
pink-veined, whitish- pink outer petals and
yellow stamens, are produced in summer.
Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Madame Wilfon Gonnere'.

Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). Has mid¬
green leaves and, in summer, cup-shaped,
white flowers, 6in (15cm) across, spotted
with deep rose-pink. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. Mariiacea Group 'Albida' (illus.
p.440) Deciduous, perennial water plant
with floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Deep
green leaves have red or purplish-green
undersides. Bears fragrant, cup-shaped,
pure white flowers, 6-8in (15-20cm) across,
in summer. Z3-11 Hll-1. 'Chromatella'

(illus. p.440), has olive-green leaves, heavily
mottled with maroon and bronze, and
canary-yellow flowers. Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. odorata var. minor (illus. p.440).

Deciduous, perennial water plant with
floating leaves. S 3ft (lm). Small, rounded,
soft green leaves have dark red undersides.

Produces fragrant, star-shaped, white
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer. Z3-11
Hll-1. 'Sulphurea Gran diflora', syn.

N. 'Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora'
has dark green leaves, heavily mottled
with maroon, and star-shaped, yellow
flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across. Z2-10
H12-1.

N. 'Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora'.

See N. odorata 'Sulphurea Grandiflora'.

N. 'Pink Sensation'. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S 4ft (1.2m). In summer bears cup-shaped,
later star-shaped, pink flowers, 5-6in
(12-15cm) across, with yellow inner
stamens and pink outer stamens. Has
rounded, mid-green leaves, purple-green
when young. Z3-11 HI2-1.

N. pygmaea. See N. tetragona. 'Helvola'.

See N. 'Helvola'. N

N. 'Pygmaea Rubra'. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S 2ft (60cm). Small, reddish-green young
leaves mature to purplish-green. Produces
cup-shaped, blood-red flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, in summer.

N. 'Ray Davies'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft
(1.5m). In summer produces peony-shaped,
light pink flowers, 6-7in (15-18cm) across,
slightly yellow in center, above rounded,
deep green leaves. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Red Flare'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S 5—6ft
(1.5-1.8m). Leaves are rounded, strongly
toothed and reddish-green. In summer
bears night-blooming, flat, dark red
flowers, 7-10in (17-25cm) across, with light
pink or yellowish stamens. Z10-11 HI2-7.

N. 'Rose Arey', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are purple when
young, maturing to reddish-green. In
summer bears star-shaped, deep rose-pink
flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across, that pale
with age and have strong aniseed
fragrance. Z3-11 Hll-1.

N. 'Saint Louis'. Deciduous, perennial
water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft
(2m). Bright green leaves are spotted with
brown when young. Produces open, star¬
shaped, bright yellow flowers, 6-10in (15—

25cm) across, in summer. Z10-11 H12-7.

N. 'Sunrise', illus. p.440. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 6ft (2m). Mid-green leaves have downy
stalks and undersides. Bears star-shaped,
yellow flowers, 4-6in (10-15cm) across, in 643
summer. Z3-11 Hll-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

NYMPHOIDES

N. tetragona, syn. N. pygmaea. Z3-11
H12-1. 'Alba' (illus. p.440) is a deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 12in (30cm). Has small, dark green
leaves, purplish-green beneath, and, in
summer, star-shaped, white flowers,
3 A-VAin (2-3cm) across. Z3-11 HU-1.
'Helvola'. See N. 'Helvola'.

N. 'Virginia'. Deciduous, perennial water
plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m).
Produces purplish-green leaves and, in
summer, star-shaped, white flowers, 4-6in
(10-15cm) across. Z3-U H12-1.

N. 'Wood's White Knight'. Deciduous,
perennial water plant with floating leaves.

S to 6ft (2m). Leaves are mid-green,
dappled with darker green beneath. In
summer produces star-shaped, creamy-
white flowers, 4-8in (10-20cm) across, with
prominent, gold stamens, which open at
night. Z10-11 H12-7.

NYMPHOIDES

Floating heart

MENYANTHACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water
plants, with floating foliage, grown for
their flowers. Requires an open, sunny
position. Propagate by division in spring
or summer.

N. peltata, syn. Limnanthemum
nymphoides, Villarsia nymphoides, illus.
p.444.

NYSSA

Tupelo

NYSSACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage and fall color. Needs sun or partial
shade and moist, neutral to acidic soil.
Does best in hot summers. Resents being
transplanted. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

N. sinensis, illus. p.77.

N. sylvatica, illus. p.66.

644

o

OCHNA

Bird's eye bush

OCHNACEAE ~

Genus of mainly evergreen trees and
shrubs, grown mostly for their flowers
and fruits. Prefers full light and well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less when not in full growth.
Prune, if necessary, in early spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

O. multiflora. See O. serrulata.

O. serratifoiia of gardens. See
O. serrulata.

O. serrulata, syn. O. multiflora,

O. serratifoiia of gardens (Mickey Mouse
plant). Evergreen, irregularly rounded,
twiggy shrub that is semievergreen in low
temperatures. H to 6ft (2m), S 3-6ft (l-2m)
or more. Leaves are narrowly elliptic,
toothed and glossy. Has 5-petaled, bright
yellow flowers in spring-summer, followed
by shuttlecock-shaped, red fruits, each
with 1-5 berry-like seeds clustered on top.
Zll H12-9.

x ODONTIODA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

O. Mount Bingham gx. See Oncidium
Mount Bingham.

x O. Pacific Gold gx. See x Oncostele
Pacific Mystery gx.

O. Petit Port gx. See Oncidium Petit Port.

x Odontocidium Artur Elle gx
'Columbian'. See Oncidium Artur Elle gx
'Colombien'.

x Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx.

See Oncidium Tiger Hambuhren.

x Odontocidium Tigersun gx 'Orbec'.

See Oncidium Tigersun gx 'Orbec'.

Odontoglossum bictoniense. See

Rhynchostele bictoniensis.

Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx. See

Oncidium Julie Barbara Good gx.

Odontoglossum cervantesii. See

Rhynchostele cervantesii.

Odontoglossum cordatum. See

Rhynchostele cordatum.

Odontoglossum crispum. See Oncidium
alexandrae.

Odontoglossum Eric Young gx. See

Oncidium Eric Young gx.

Odontoglossum grande. See

Rossioglossum grande.

Odontoglossum Le Nez Point gx.

See Oncidium Le Nez Point gx.

Odontoglossum rossii. See

Rhynchostele rossii.

Odontoglossum Royal Occasion gx.

See Oncidium Royal Occasion.

OEMLERIA

syn. NUTTALLIA, OSMARONIA

ROSACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous, early
spring-flowering shrub, grown for its
fragrant flowers and decorative fruits.
Separate male and female plants are
needed in order to obtain fruits. Prefers
sun or partial shade and moist soil. To

restrict growth, remove suckers and cut
old shoots back or down to base in late
winter. Propagate by suckers in fall.

O. cerasiformis (Indian plum, Oregon
plum, Oso berry). Deciduous, upright, then
arching shrub that forms dense thickets.

H 8 ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are
narrowly oval and dark blue-green. Has
nodding clusters of small, fragrant, bell¬
shaped, white flowers in early spring,
followed by small, plum-shaped, purple
fruits. Z6-10 H10-6.

OENOTHERA

Evening primrose, Sundrops

ONAGRACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown for their profuse but short-lived
flowers in summer. Needs full sun and well-
drained, sandy soil. Propagate by seed
or division in fall or spring or by softwood
cuttings in late spring.

O. acaulis. Tuft-forming perennial.

H 6 in (15cm), S 8 in (20cm). Has oblong
to oval, deeply toothed or lobed leaves.
Cup-shaped, white flowers, turning pink,
open at sunset in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

O. caespitosa. Clump-forming, stemless
perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 8 in (20cm). Has
narrowly oval, entire or toothed, mid-green
leaves. Flowers, opening at sunset in
summer, are fragrant, cup-shaped and
white, becoming pink with age. Is suitable
for a rock garden. Z4-8 H8-1.

O. fraseri. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca.
O. fruticosa (Sundrops). subsp. glauca,
syn. O. fraseri, O. glauca, O. tetragona is
a clump-forming perennial. H 18-24in (45—
60cm), S 18in (45cm). Dense spikes of
fragrant, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers
are produced from mid- to late summer.
Leaves, borne on reddish-green stems, are
narrowly oval to lance-shaped and glossy,
mid-green. 'Fyrverkeri', syn. O. fruticosa
'Fireworks' illus. p.275. 'Fireworks'. See
O. fruticosa 'Fyrverkeri'.

O. glauca. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca.
O. macrocarpa, syn. O. missouriensis,
illus. p.372.

O. missouriensis. See O. macrocarpa.

O. perennis, syn. O. pumila (Sundrops).
Clump-forming perennial. H 6-24in (15—
60cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, loose
spikes of nodding buds open to fragrant,
funnel-shaped, yellow flowers above spoon¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

O. pumila. See O. perennis.

O. speciosa (White evening primrose).
Often short-lived, clump-forming perennial
with running rhizomes. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more. In summer bears
spikes of fragrant, saucer-shaped, green-
centered, pure white flowers that age to
pink and open flat. Leaves are narrowly
spoon-shaped, deeply cut and mid-green.
Z5-8 H8-1.

O. tetragona. See O. fruticosa subsp.
glauca.

OLEA

Olive

OLEACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
foliage and edible fruits. Needs full sun
and deep, fertile, very well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

O. europaea (Olive). Slow-growing,
evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 30ft
(10m). Is very long-lived. Narrowly oblong
leaves are gray-green above, silvery
beneath. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers,
borne in short racemes in late summer, are
followed by edible, oval, green, later purple
fruits. Z8-10 H10-8.

OLEARIA

Daisy bush

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and daisylike
flower heads. In mild, coastal areas,
provides good, very wind-resistant
shelter. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Cut out dead wood in spring.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

O. albida of gardens. See O. 'Talbot de
Malahide'.

O. avicenniifolia. Evergreen, rounded,
dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Oval
to lance-shaped, dark gray-green leaves
are white beneath. Bears wide heads of
fragrant, white flowers in late summer
and early fall.

O. x haastii, illus. p.130.

O. 'Henry Travers', syn. O. semidentata.
Evergreen, rounded, compact shrub.

H and S 10ft (3m). Has white shoots and
narrowly lance-shaped, leathery, gray-
green leaves. Large heads of purple-
centered, lilac flowers are borne from
early to mid-summer.

O. ilicifolia, illus. p.130. Evergreen, bushy,
dense shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
oblong, rigid leaves are sharply toothed,
gray-green and musk-scented. Fragrant,
white flower heads are borne in clusters
in early summer.

O. lacunosa. Evergreen, upright, dense
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
oblong, pointed, rigid leaves have rust-
brown hairs when young and mature
to glossy, dark green with central, white
veins. Produces white flower heads
only rarely.

O. macrodonta, illus. p.132. Vigorous,
evergreen, upright shrub, often treelike.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has holly-shaped,
sharply toothed, gray-green leaves, silvery-
white beneath. Large heads of fragrant,
white flowers are borne in early summer.

O. x mollis. Evergreen, rounded, dense
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
wavy-edged, silvery-gray leaves. Large
heads of small, white flowers are borne
profusely in late spring. 'Zennorensis',

H and S 6 ft (2m), has narrowly oblong
leaves.

O. nummulariifolia, illus. p.128.

O. phlogopappa. Evergreen, upright,
compact shrub. H and S 6 ft (2m). Has
oblong, wavy-edged, gray-green leaves.
Massed, white flower heads are produced
in late spring. Z12-15 H12-8. var.
subrepanda, illus. p.149.

O. x scilloniensis. Evergreen, upright,
then rounded, dense shrub. H and S 6 ft
(2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged, gray-
green leaves set off masses of white flower
heads in late spring.

O. semidentata of gardens. See O. 'Henry
Travers'.

O. 'Talbot de Malahide', syn. O. albida.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves are
silvery beneath. Bears broad heads of
fragrant, white flowers in late summer. Is
excellent for an exposed, coastal garden.
Z9-10 H10-9.

O. virgata, illus. p.112.

Oliveranthus elegans. See Echeveria
harmsii.

OLSYNIUM

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of fibrous-rooted, clump-forming
perennials, grown for their nodding,
trumpet- to bell-shaped flowers in spring.
Requires partial shade and rich, moderately
fertile, moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
Young plants take 2 or 3 years to flower.

O. biflorum, syn. Phaiophleps biflora,
Sisyrinchium odoratissimum. Clump¬
forming, spring- to summer-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. H 10-14in
(25-35cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has cylindrical,
rush-like, erect, basal leaves. Bears small
head of pendent, white flowers that are
striped and veined red. Z9-10 H10-9.

O. douglasii, syn. Sisyrinchium douglasi,
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. Stiff, upright,
summer-deciduous perennial. H lOin
(25cm), S 6 in (15cm). Has grasslike leaves
sheathing very short, threadlike flowering
stems and, in early spring, a succession
of pendent, bell-shaped, violet to red-
purple, or sometimes white, flowers. Is
suitable for a rock garden or alpine
house. Z4-9 H9-3.

OMPHALODES

Navelwort

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, some
of which are evergreen or semievergreen.
Makes good groundcover, especially in
rock gardens. Needs full or partial shade
and moist but well-drained soil, except
for O. linifolia and O. luciliae, which
prefer sun. Propagate by seed or division
in spring.

O. cappadocica, illus. p.334. 'Cherry
Ingram' illus. p.261.

O. linifolia , illus. p.299.

O. luciliae. Semievergreen, mound¬
forming perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6 in
(15cm). Has oval, blue-gray leaves. In
spring-summer, loose sprays of pink buds
develop into flattish, sky-blue flowers.
Resents winter wet, so plant in a sheltered
site or alpine house. Prefers sun and very
gritty soil. Z7-9 H9-7.

O. verna, illus. p.334.

OMPHALOGRAMMA

PRIMULACEAE

Genus of perennials, closely related to
Primula, grown for their flowers. Makes
good rock garden plants, but is difficult to
grow, especially in hot, dry areas. Needs
shade and moist but well-drained, gritty,
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

O. vinciflorum. Basal-rosetted perennial.
H 6 in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Has oval, hairy,
mid-green leaves. In spring produces
nodding, funnel-shaped, violet flowers,
each with deeper violet throat and flat,
flared mouth.

ONCIDIUM

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

O. alexandrae, syn. Odontoglossum
crispum, illus. p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse or
conservatory. H 6 in (15cm). Bears long
sprays of rounded flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, white or spotted or flushed with
pink, each with red-and-yellow-marked lip;
flowering season varies. Has narrowly oval
leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long. Requires
shade in summer. Z13-15 H12-6.

O. Artur Elle gx 'Colombien', syn. x
Odontocidium Artur Elle gx 'Columbian',
illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Produces
tall spikes of pale yellow flowers, 2Vzin
(6cm) across, with intricate, brown
patterns; flowering season varies. Has
narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long.
Requires shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.
O. Eric Young gx, syn. Odontoglossum
Eric Young gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6 in (15cm). Has spikes of white-lipped,
pale yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
spotted with rich yellow; flowering season
varies. Bears narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long. Grow in shade in summer.
Z13-15 H12-6.

O. flexuosum. See Gomesa flexuosum.

O. Hambuhren Stern gx 'Cheam', syn.
x Wilsonara Hambuhren Stern gx 'Cheam',
illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Narrowly
oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Bears
spikes of deep reddish-brown flowers,

4in (10cm) across, each with yellow lip;
flowering season varies. Requires shade
in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Julie Barbara Good gx, syn. x
Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx, illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).

Produces arching spikes of intricately
patterned, red, tan, orange and yellow
flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering
season varies. Has narrowly oval leaves,
4-6in (10-15cm) long. Needs shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Le Nez Point gx, syn. Odontoglossum
Le Nez Point gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6 in (15cm).
Crimson flowers, 2Vzin (6cm) across, are
borne in spikes; flowering season varies.
Has narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long. Needs shade in summer. Z13-15
H12-6.

O. Memoria Commander Wiggs gx

'Kay', (x Odontocidium Tiger Butter gx, x
Wilsonara Wigg's gx 'Kay'), illus. p.467.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes of
mottled, deep reddish-brown flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, with rich golden-yellow lip;
flowering season varies. Narrowly oval
leaves are 4-6in (10-15cm) long. Grow in
shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Mount Bingham, syn. x Odontioda
Mount Bingham gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
Bears pink-edged, red flowers, 372in (9cm)
across, in spikes; flowering season varies.
Has narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long. Needs shade in summer. Z14-15
H12-6.

O. papilio. See Psychopsis papilio.

O. Petit Port, syn. x Odontioda Petit Port
gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes
of rich red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
pink-and-yellow-marked lip; flowering
season varies. Narrowly oval leaves are
4-6in (10-15cm) long. Needs shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Royal Occasion, syn. Odontoglossum
Royal Occasion gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6 in (15cm).
Has spikes of white flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, with deep yellow markings in
centers of lips, in fall-winter. Leaves are
narrowly oval and 4-6in (10-15cm) long.
Needs shade in summer. Z13-15 H12-6.

O. sotoanum, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.

H 6 in (15cm). Dense, arching sprays of very
fragrant, rose-lilac flowers, Vun (0.5cm)
across, with yellow highlight, are borne
freely in fall. Has narrowly oval leaves,

4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Tiger Hambuhren, syn. x
Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Deep yellow
flowers, 3in (8cm) across and heavily
patterned with chestnut-brown, are borne
in tall spikes; flowering season varies. Has
narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm) long.
Needs shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

O. Tigersun gx 'Orbec', syn. x
Odontocidium Tigersun gx 'Orbec', illus.
p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a cool greenhouse. Is very similar to
x O. Tiger Hambuhren, but the flowers
are slightly smaller, with lighter patterning.
Z14-15 H12-6.

O. tigrinum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Branching
spikes of fragrant, yellow-marked, brown
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with large, yellow
lip, are borne in fall. Has oval leaves, 6in
(15cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. HI 1-6.

x ONCIDOPSIS

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x O. Cambrica gx 'Lensing's Favorite',

syn. x Vuylstekeara Cambrica gx 'Lensing's
Favorite', illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
Has narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long. Bears long sprays of wine-red
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, heavily marked
with white; flowering season varies. Needs
shade in summer.

x O. Olga gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 6 in (15cm). Pure
white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
large, reddish-brown-blotched lips, are
borne in tall, arching racemes, mainly
in fall. Produces ovoid pseudobulbs and
narrowly oval leaves, 5in (12cm) long. Is
best grown in shade in summer.

x ONCOSTELE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x O. Pacific Mystery gx (Odontoglossum
cordatum, x Odontioda Pacific Gold gx).
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears long

ONOSMA

spikes of yellow-striped and -marked,
rich chocolate-brown flowers, 3in (7cm)
across; flowering season varies. Leaves are
narrowly oval and 4-6in (10-15cm) long.
Grow in shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

ONIXOTIS

syn. DIPIDAX
LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering corms,
cultivated mainly for botanical interest.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Plant
corms in early fall and keep them watered
until after flowering. Dry off in summer.
Propagate by seed in fall.

O. triquetra, syn. Dipidax triquetrum.
Spring-flowering corm. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Long, narrow
leaves are semierect and basal. Produces
a spike of flattish, star-shaped, white
flowers, each narrow petal having basal,
red mark.

ONOCLEA

WOODSIACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous fern that
rapidly colonizes wet areas via spreading,
underground rhizomes. Needs partial
shade and wet soil. Remove fronds as they
fade. Propagate by division in fall or winter.
O. sensibilis, illus. p.443.

ONONIS

Restharrow

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
perennials and deciduous or semievergreen
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
pealike flowers. Is good for rock gardens,
walls and banks. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring,
shrubs also by softwood cuttings in summer.
O. fruticosa, illus. p.339.

O. natrix, illus. p.345.

O. rotundifolia. Deciduous or
semievergreen, glandular, upright subshrub.
H 8-24in (20-60cm), S &-12in (20-30cm) or
more. Bears small, rounded, 3-parted,
toothed, hairy, green leaves, with terminal
leaflet long-stalked. Relatively large, red-
streaked, rose-pink flowers are produced in
small clusters in summer. Z7-10 H10-7.

Onopordon. See Onopordum.

ONOPORDUM

syn. ONOPORDON

Cotton thistle , Scotch thistle

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
ranging from stemless to tall, branching
plants. Needs sun or partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil. To prevent self-seeding,
remove dead flower heads. Propagate by
seed in fall or spring. Leaves are prone to
slug and snail damage.

O. acanthium, illus. p.304.

ONOSMA

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
semievergreen biennials, perennials and
subshrubs, grown for their long, pendent,
tubular flowers. Is suitable for rock

645

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

OOPHYTUM

gardens. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Dislikes wet summers. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

O. alborosea, illus. p.338.

O. stellulata. Semievergreen, upright
subshrub. H and S 6 in (15cm). Leaves are
oblong and covered in hairs which may
irritate the skin. Clusters of yellow flowers
are produced in late spring and summer.
Z8-9 H9-8.

OOPHYTUM

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, egg-shaped,
perennial succulents with two united, very
fleshy leaves. These are covered in dry,
papery sheaths, except in spring when
sheaths split open, revealing a new pair of
leaves. Flowers are produced from a slight
central fissure on upper surface. Is difficult
to grow. Requires sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings
in spring or summer.

O. nanus. Clump-forming, perennial
succulent. H 3 /4in (2cm), S Van (1cm). Has
2 united, fleshy, green leaves and daisylike,
white flowers. Van (1cm) wide, in fall.

Operculina tuberosa. See Merremia
tuberosa.

OPHIOPOGON

Lilyturf

LI LIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
mainly for their grasslike foliage. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall.

O. jaburan (Jaburan lily. White lilyturf).
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 6 in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has dark green
leaves. In early summer produces racemes
of bell-shaped, white flowers, followed by
deep blue berries. Z7-10 H10-7. 'Vittatus',
syn. O. jaburan 'Variegatus' has white- or
yellow-striped leaves and is much less
robust. 'Variegatus'. See O. jaburan
'Vittatus'.

O. japonicus, illus. p.283.

O. planiscapus 'Nigrescens', illus.

p.280.

OPHRYS

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

O. aranifera. See O. sphegodes.

O. fuciflora of gardens, syn. O. holoserica.
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 6-22in
(15-55cm). Spikes of flowers. Van (1cm)
long, from white through pink to blue and
green, are borne in spring-summer. Leaves
are oval to oblong, 2-4in (5-10cm) long.
Z7-9 H9-7.

646

O. fusca (Somber bee orchid). Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H 4-16in (10-40cm).

Spikes of greenish, yellow or brown flowers,
Vfln (5cm) long, with yellow-edged, bluish,
brown or purple lip, are produced in spring.
Has oval or lance-shaped leaves, 3-5in
(8-12cm) long. Z12-15 H12-6.

O. holoserica of gardens. See O. fuciflora
of gardens.

O. lutea, illus. p.467. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 3-12in (8-30cm). In spring bears
short spikes of flowers, Vzin (1cm) long.

with greenish sepals, yellow petals and
brown-centered, bright yellow lips. Has
oval, basal leaves, 2-4in (5-10cm) long.

Z8-9 H9-8.

O. speculum, syn. O. vernixia. Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H 3-12in (8-30cm). In
spring produces dense spikes of flowers.
Van (1cm) long, with greenish or yellow
sepals, purple petals and 3-centered, brown
lips. Has oblong to lance-shaped leaves,
lVa-Sin (4-7cm) long. Z7-9 H9-7.

O. sphegodes, syn. O. aranifera (Early
spider orchid). Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 4-18in (10-45cm). In spring-
summer bears spikes of flowers. Van (1cm)
long, that vary from green to yellow and
have spider-like, blackish-brown marks on
lips. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped and
lV2-3in (4-8cm) long. Z7-9 H9-7.

O. tenthredinifera (Sawfly orchid), illus.
p.466. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.

H 6-22in (15-55cm). In spring has spikes of
flowers, l/2in (1cm) long, in colors of white
to pink, or blue and green, with violet or
bluish lip edged with pale green. Has basal
rosette of oval to oblong leaves, 2-3Van
(5-9cm) long. Z7-9 H9-7.

O. vernixia. See O. speculum.

Ophthalmophyllum herri. See

Conophytum longum.

Ophthalmophyllum longum. See

Conophytum longum.

Ophthalmophyllum villetii. See

Conophytum concordans.

OPLISMENUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

O. africanus, syn. O. hirtellus (Basket
grass). 'Variegatus' illus. p.469.

O. hirtellus. See O. africanus.

OPLOPANAX

ARALIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their habit, fruits and
spiny foliage. Young growth may be
damaged by late frosts. Prefers partial
shade and moist soil. Propagate by seed
in fall or by root cuttings in late winter.

O. horridus (Devil's club). Deciduous,
spreading, open, sparsely branched shrub.
H and S 6 ft (2m). Prickly stems bear large,
oval, 7-9-lobed, toothed, mid-green leaves.
Bears dense umbels of small, star-shaped,
greenish-white flowers from mid- to late
summer, followed by spherical, red fruits.
Z7-9 H9-7.

OPUNTIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of perennial cacti, ranging from
small, alpine, groundcover plants to large,
evergreen, tropical trees, with at times
insignificant glochids—short, soft, barbed
spines produced on areoles. Mature plants
carry masses of short-spined, pear-shaped,
green, yellow, red or purple fruits (prickly
pears), edible in some species. Hardy
species must be kept dry during winter in
order to survive low temperatures. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Water container
specimens when in full growth. Propagate
by seed or stem cuttings in spring or
summer. Some species can spread and

become invasive. Contact with the bristles
causes intense irritation to skin, and they
are difficult to remove.

O. brasiliensis, syn. Brasiliopuntia
brasiliensis. Treelike, perennial cactus.

H 18ft (5.5m), S 10ft (3m). Cylindrical,
green stem bears bright green branches
of flattened, oval, spiny segments. Sheds
2-3-year-old side branches. Masses of
shallowly saucer-shaped, yellow flowers,
lV 2 in (4cm) across, are produced in
spring-summer, on plants more than
2ft (60cm) tall, and are followed by small,
yellow fruits. Zll-12 H12-9.

O. cylindrica, syn. Austrocylindropuntia
cylindrica. Bushy, perennial cactus.

H 12—20ft (4-6m), S 3ft (lm). Cylindrical stems
bear short-lived, cylindrical, dark green
leaves on new growth. Areoles may lack
spines or each produce 2 or 3 barbed ones.
Shallowly saucer-shaped, pink-red flowers
are produced in spring-summer, on plants
more than 6ft (2m) tall, and are followed by
greenish-yellow fruits. Zll-12 H12-9.

O. erinacea. See O. polyacantha.

O. hcus-indica (Indian fig. Prickly pear).
Bushy to treelike, perennial cactus.

H and S 15ft (5m). Bears flattened, oblong,
spineless, blue-green stem segments. In
spring-summer has masses of shallowly
saucer-shaped, yellow flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, followed by edible, purple fruits.
Zll-12 H12-9.

O. humifusa, illus. p.494.

O. microdasys (Bunny ears). Bushy,
perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has
flattened, oval, green stem segments that
develop brown marks in low temperatures.
Bears spineless areoles, with white, yellow,
brown or red glochids, closely set in
diagonal rows. Masses of funnel-shaped,
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm)
tall, and are followed by small, dark red
fruits. Zll-12 H12-9. var. albispina illus.
p.483. illus. p.483.

O. polyacantha, syn. O. erinacea, illus.
p.481.

O. robusta, illus. p.488.

O. tunicata, syn. Cylindropuntia tunicata,
illus. p.496.

O. verschaffeltii, syn.
Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii, illus.
p.486.

ORBEA

ASCLEP1ADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem
edges are often indented and may produce
small leaves that drop after only a few
weeks. Needs sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

O. variegata, syn. Stapelia variegata,
illus. p.488.

ORCHIDS

ORCHIDACEAE ~

Family of perennials, some of which are
evergreen or semievergreen, grown for
their unusual flowers. These consist of
3 outer sepals and 3 inner petals, the
lowest of which, known as the lip, is usually
enlarged and different from the others in
shape, markings and color. There are about
750 genera and 22,500 species, together

with an even greater number of hybrids,
bred partly for their vigor and ease of
care. They are divided into epiphytic and
terrestrial plants. (The spread of an orchid
is indefinite.)

Epiphytic orchids

Epiphytes have more flamboyant flowers
than terrestrial orchids and are more
commonly grown. In the wild, they grow
on tree branches or rocks (lithophytes),
obtaining nourishment through clinging
roots and moisture through aerial roots.
Most consist of a horizontal rhizome, from
which arise vertical, water-storing, often
swollen stems known as pseudobulbs.
Rowers and foliage are produced from
the newest pseudobulbs. Other epiphytes
consist of a continuously growing upright
rhizome; on these, flower spikes appear
in the axils of leaves growing from the
rhizome. In temperate climates, epiphytes
need to be grown under glass.

Cultivation of epiphytes
For cultivation purposes, epiphytes, which
are all tender (they cannot withstand
freezing temperatures), may be divided
into three groups: cool-greenhouse types,
which require min. 50°F (10°C) and max.
75°F (24°C); intermediate-greenhouse
types, needing a range of 55-80°F
(13-27°C); and warm-greenhouse types,
requiring 65-80°F (18-27°C). In summer,
temperatures need to be controlled by
shading the glass and by ventilation.
Cool-greenhouse orchids may be placed
outdoors in summer; this improves
flowering. Other types may also be grown
outdoors if the air temperature remains
within these ranges.

The amount of light required in summer
is given in individual plant entries.

All epiphytic orchids, however, need
to be kept out of direct sun in summer
to avoid scorching, and require full
light in winter.

Epiphytic orchids, whether grown
indoors or outside, require a special soil-
free compost obtained from an orchid
nursery or made by mixing 2 parts fibrous
material (such as bark chippings and/or
peat) with 1 part porous material (such as
moss and/or expanded clay pellets). Most
epiphytes may be grown in pots, although
some may be successfully cultivated in a
hanging basket or on a slab of bark (with
moss around their roots) suspended in the
greenhouse.

In summer, water plants freely and spray
regularly. Those suspended on bark slabs
need a constantly moist atmosphere. In
winter, water moderately and, if plants
are in growth, spray occasionally. Some
orchids rest in winter and require scarcely
any water or none at all. Orchids benefit
from weak foliar feeds; apply as for
watering. Repot plants every other year,
in spring; if they are about to flower, repot
after flowering.

Terrestrial orchids
Terrestrial orchids, some of which also
produce pseudobulbs, grow in soil or
leaf mold, sustaining themselves in the
normal way through roots or tubers.

Some may be grown in borders, but many
in temperate climates need to be cultivated
in pots and protected under glass in winter.
Cultivation of terrestrial orchids
Terrestrial orchids are hardy to tender, min.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

65°F (18°C). Cypripedium species may be
grown outdoors in any area, preferably in
neutral to acid soil, but cannot withstand
severe frost, if frozen solid in pots or
without snow cover, or tolerate very wet
soil in winter. Other terrestrial orchids,
except in very mild areas, are best grown
in pots; use the same compost as for
epiphytes but add 1 part grit to 2 parts
compost. Place pots outdoors in a peat bed
or in a glasshouse in the growing season.
Keep dry when dormant. Under glass,
light requirements, watering, feeding
and repotting are as for epiphytes.

Orchid propagation

Orchids with pseudobulbs may be
increased by removing and replanting
old, leafless pseudobulbs when repotting
in spring. Take care to retain at least
4 pseudobulbs on the parent plant. Some
genera that may be propagated in this
way are: Ada, x Aliceara, Anguloa, Bletilla,
Brassavola (large plants only and retaining
at least 6 pseudobulbs on the parent),
x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum, Calanthe,
Cattleya, Coelogyne, Cymbidium,
Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, Encyclia,
Gomesa, Gongora, Laelia, Lycaste,
Maxillariella, Miltonia, Miltoniopsis,
Oncidium, Phaius, Pleione, Stanhopea
and Zygopetalum.

Some orchids without pseudobulbs
produce new growth from the base.

When a plant has 6 new growths, divide
it in spring into 2 and repot both portions.
Propagate Disa, Paphiopedilum and
Phragmipedium in this way. Large
specimens of Eria and Masdevallia may
be divided in spring, leaving 4-6 stems
on each portion.

Propagation of Phalaenopsis is by stem
cuttings taken soon after flowering.

Vanda may be increased by removing
the top half of the stem once it has
produced aerial roots and leaves; new
growths will develop from the leafless
base. With both these methods, achieving
success is difficult and not recommended
for the beginner.

Propagate terrestrial orchids with tubers
by division of the tubers. Genera that may
be increased in this way are: Cypripedium
(in spring), Dactylorhiza (spring), Ophrys
(fall), Serapias (fall) and Spiranthes (spring).
Calypso is rarely propagated successfully
in cultivation. Angraecum should not be
propagated in cultivation, because the
parent plant is easily endangered.
Propagate Ponerorchis by small tubers that
form around the base of the stem, when
repotting tubers before growth commences
in early spring. Seedlings may appear in
the compost around the parent plant.

The most easily increased orchids are
Cymbidium. Propagation of Epidendrum
may be extremely difficult; see genus for
specific details.

Orchids are illustrated on pp.466-67.

See also Ada, x Aliceara, Anacamptis,
Angraecum, Anguloa, Bletilla, Brasiliorchid,
Brassavola, x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum,
Calanthe, Calypso, Cattleya, x Cattlianthe,
Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium,
Dactylorhiza, Dendrobium, Dendrochilum,
Disa, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Eria, Gomesa,
Gongora, Guarianthe, Habemaria, Laelia,
Lycaste, Masdevallia, Maxillariella, Miltonia,
Miltoniopsis, Oncidium, x Oncidopsis, x
Oncostele, Ophrys, Paphiopedilum, Phaius,

Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione,
Ponerorchis, Psychopsis, x Rhyncattleanthe,
x Rhycholaeliocattleya, Rhynochostele,
Rossioglossum, Serapias, Specklinia,
Spiranthes, Stanhopea, Vanda and
Zygopetalum.

Orchis elata. See Dactylorhiza elata.

Orchis maderensis. See Dactylorhiza
foliosa.

Orchis morio. See Anacamptis morio.

OREOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of mainly columnar, perennial cacti
with thick, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems
with spines, usually branching from the
base, and, in some species, covered in long
hairs. Solitary, tubular-funnel-shaped
flowers are produced near stem tips during
the day in summer. Requires full sun and
very well-drained, slightly alkaline soil.
Water well in spring-summer, much less so
in fall-winter. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

O. aurantiacus. See Matucana aurantiaca.
O. celsianus, syn. Cleistocactus celsianus,
illus. p.493.

O. trollii, syn. Cleistocactus trollii. Slow-
growing, columnar, perennial cactus.

H 28in (70cm), S 4in (10cm). Cylindrical,
green stem, 3-4in (7-10cm), with thick,
golden spines, is almost hidden by long,
wispy, hairlike, white spines. Has pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with recurved
tips, in summer on fully mature plants.

OREOPTERIS

THELYPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous ferns, spreading via
underground rhizomes to form colonies.
Some species can be invasive. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist or very moist soil.
Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate
by division in spring.

O. limbosperma, syn. Thelypteris
oreopteris (Mountain buckler fern.
Mountain fern. Mountain wood fern).
Deciduous fern. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has mainly lance-shaped, much-
divided fronds, with oblong to lance¬
shaped, mid-green pinnae. Z12-15 HI2-10.

ORIGANUM

Marjoram, Oregano
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of deciduous subshrubs and
perennials, sometimes with overwintering
leaf rosettes. Some species are grown as
culinary herbs, others for their clusters of
tubular, usually pink flowers. Most species
have arching, prostrate stems and are
useful for trailing over rocks, banks and
walls. Prefers sun and well-drained, alkaline
soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
cuttings of non-flowering shoots in early
summer or by seed in fall or spring.

O. amanum. Deciduous, rounded,
compact subshrub. H and S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Open funnel-shaped, pale
pink or white flowers are borne all
summer above small, heart-shaped,
pale green leaves. Makes a good alpine
house plant; dislikes a damp atmosphere.
Z5-8 H8-5.

O. dictamnus (Dittany of Crete, Hop
marjoram). Prostrate perennial. H 5-6in

(12-15cm), S 16in (40cm). Arching stems
are clothed in rounded, aromatic, hairy,
gray-white leaves. Has pendent heads of
open funnel-shaped, purplish-pink flowers
in summer. Z8-11 H12-8.

O. 'Kent Beauty', illus. p.339.

O. laevigatum, illus. p.340.

O. rotundifolium. Deciduous, prostrate
subshrub. H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 12in (30cm).
In summer bears whorls of pendent, funnel-
shaped, pale pink flowers, surrounded by
yellow-green bracts. Has small, rounded,
mid-green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

O. vulgare (Oregano). Mat-forming,
woody-based perennial. H and S 18in
(45cm). Has oval, aromatic, dark green
leaves, above which branched, wiry stems
bear clusters of tiny, tubular, 2-lipped,
mauve flowers in summer. Z4-9 H10-2.
'Aureum', illus. p.274.

ORNITHOGALUM

Star-of-Bethlehem

HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their mostly
star-shaped, white flowers, usually
backed with green. Needs sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Lift and dry
tender species for winter, if grown
outside in summer, and replant in spring.
Propagate by seed or offsets, in fall for
spring-flowering plants, in spring for
summer-flowering ones. ® Handle
carefully as all parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested; the sap may
irritate skin.

O. arabicum, illus. p.408.

O. balansae, syn. O. oligophyllum of
gardens, illus. p.414.

O. lanceolatum, illus. p.415.

O. magnum, illus. p.382.

O. montanum, illus. p.415.

O. narbonense, illus. p.408.

O. nutans, illus. p.399. Spring-flowering
bulb. H 6-14in (15-35cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Has cluster of linear, channeled, semierect,
basal leaves. Stem bears spike of pendent,
bell-shaped, translucent, white flowers,

3 A-lVdn (2-3cm) long, with pale green
outsides. Prefers partial shade.

O. oligophyllum of gardens. See
O. balansae.

O. saundersiae (Giant chincherinchee).
Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (lm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Produces basal cluster
of strap- or lance-shaped, semierect
leaves. Stem bears flat-topped head of
erect, flattish, white or cream flowers,
each with blackish-green ovary forming
dark eye. Z7-10 H10-7.

O. thyrsoides, illus. p.408.

O. umbellatum, illus. p.416. Spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Linear, channeled, semierect,
green leaves each have white line on upper
surface. Bears loose, flat-topped head
of star-shaped, white flowers, backed
with green.

Orobus vernus. See Lathyrus vemus.

ORONTIUM

Golden club

ARACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous,
perennial, deep-water plant, grown
for its floating foliage and flower spikes.
Needs full sun. Remove faded flower

OSBECKIA

spikes. Propagate by seed when fresh,
in mid-summer.

O. aquaticum, illus. p.444.

OROSTACHYS

CRASSULACEAE

Genus of short-lived, basal-rosetted,
perennial succulents, grown for their very
fleshy, sword-shaped leaves. Produces
flowers 3 years from sowing seed, then
dies. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring
or summer.

O. chanetii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
succulent. H lVdn (4cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears
gray-green leaves that are shorter in
rosette center. Flower stem produces
dense, tapering spike of star-shaped, white
or pink flowers, 72- 3 /4in (l-2cm) across, in
spring-summer. Z13-15 H12-1.

OROYA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical, perennial cacti. Inner
flower petals form a tube and outer ones
open fully. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

O. neoperuviana. See O. peruviana.

O. peruviana, syn. O. neoperuviana, illus.
p.486.

Orphanidesia gaultherioides. See

Epigaea gaultherioides.

ORTHROSANTHUS

IR1DACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with short, woody O

rhizomes, grown for their flowers. Prefers
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division or seed in spring.

O. chimboracensis. Tufted, rhizomatous
perennial. H 2ft (60cm) in flower, S 6in
(15cm). Has very narrow, grasslike, ribbed,
stiff leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, with finely
toothed margins. In summer produces
clusters of short-lived, long-stalked,
shallowly bowl-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers, each enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts.

Z10-11 HI 2-1.

ORYCHOPHRAGMUS

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of late spring- to summer-flowering
annuals. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
O. violaceus. Moderately fast-growing,
upright annual or biennial. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has branching
flower stems and pointed, oval, pale
green leaves. Heads of 4-petaled,
purple-blue flowers are produced in
spring. Z10-13 H8-1.

OSBECKIA

MELASTOMATACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering

perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown

for their flowers and foliage. Needs full

light or partial shade and rich, well-drained

soil. Water container specimens freely

when in full growth, moderately at other

times. Cut back flowered stems by at least

half in early spring to maintain vigor and to 647

produce large flower trusses. Propagate _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

OSCULARIA

by seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings
in summer.

O. stellata. Evergreen, rounded, stiff¬
stemmed shrub. H and S 3—6ft (l-2m). Has
narrowly oval, hairy, prominently veined
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of 4-petaled,
rose-purple flowers in late summer.

Z14-15 H12-10.

OSCULARIA

AIZOCEACE ~

Genus of spreading, sometimes erect,
subshrubby perennial succulents, grown for
their daisylike, white to pink flowers, and
usually angular, fleshy, grayish-green leaves.
Becomes woody with age. Makes good
summer bedding or pot plants. Requires full
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or fall.

O. deltoides, syn. Lampranthus deltoides,
illus. p.485.

OSMANTHUS

OLEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and small,
fragrant flowers. O. xburkwoodii and
O. heterophyllus may be used for hedging.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Restrict growth by cutting back
after flowering; trim hedges in mid-summer.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
O. armatus. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong,
dark green leaves are rigid and sharply
toothed. Has tubular, 4-lobed, white
flowers in fall, followed by egg-shaped,
dark violet fruits. Z8-9 H9-8.

O. x burkwoodii, syn. x Osmarea
burkwoodii, illus. p.110.

O. decorus, syn. Phillyrea decora.
Evergreen, upright, rounded, dense shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has large, oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves. Bears tubular,
4-lobed, white flowers in mid-spring,
followed by egg-shaped, blackish-purple
fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

O. delavayi, syn. Siphonosmanthus
delavayi, illus. p.110.

O. forrestii. See O. yunnanensis.

O. fragrans (Fragrant olive. Sweet olive).
Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H and
S 20ft (6m). Very fragrant, tubular, 4-lobed,
white flowers are borne amid oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves, from early to late
summer, followed by ovoid, blue-black
fruits. Is suitable only for a very mild area.
Z8-11 H12-8. f. aurantiacus has orange
flowers. Z7-10 H10-7.

O. heterophyllus (False holly).
'Aureomarginatus', illus. p.119.
'Gulftide' is an evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H 8 ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Holly¬
shaped, sharply toothed, glossy, dark
green leaves set off tubular, 4-lobed, white
flowers in fall.

O. yunnanensis, syn. O. forrestii.
Evergreen, treelike, upright, then
spreading shrub. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
large, oblong, glossy, bright green leaves,
bronze when young. Produces tubular,
4-lobed, creamy-white flowers in clusters
in late winter or early spring. Z8-9 H9-8.

648

x Osmarea burkwoodii. See

Osmanthus Osmanthus x burkwoodii.
Osmaronia. See Oemleria.

OSMUNDA

OSMUNDACEAE

Genus of deciduous ferns. Requires shade,
except for O. regalis, which also tolerates
sun. O. cinnamomea and O. claytoniana
need moist soil; O. regalis prefers very wet
conditions. Remove fading fronds
regularly. Propagate by division in fall
or winter or by spores as soon as ripe.

O. cinnamomea (Cinnamon fern).
Deciduous fern. H 3ft (lm), S 18in (45cm).
Outer, lance-shaped, divided, pale green
sterile fronds, with deeply cut pinnae,
surround brown fertile fronds, all arising
from a fibrous rootstock. Z4-8 H8-1.

O. claytoniana (Interrupted fern).
Deciduous fern. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
Has lance-shaped, pale green fronds,
divided into oblong, blunt pinnae; outer
sterile fronds are larger than fertile ones
at center of plant. Z2-10 H9-1.

O. regalis, illus. p.443.

OSTEOMELES

ROSACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage and
flowers. In most areas, plant against a
south- or west-facing wall. Requires sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

O. schweriniae, illus. p.129.

OSTEOSPERMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semiwoody
perennials. Does best in warm areas.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by cuttings of non-flowering
shoots in mid-summer.

O. barberae of gardens. See O.jucundum.
O. 'Blue Streak', syn. O. ecklonis 'Blue
Streak'. Evergreen, upright perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). In summer-fall,
daisylike flower heads, with dark slate-blue
centers and white ray florets, blue on
reverse, are borne above lance-shaped,
gray-green leaves. Z10-11 H6-1.

O. 'Buttermilk', illus. p.319.

O. 'Cannington Boy'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm),
S 18in (45cm). Large, daisylike, pink flower
heads, with darker eyes, are borne
profusely in summer-fall. Leaves are linear
and gray. Z10-11 H6-1.

O. Cape Daisy Series Nasinga Purple
('Aksullo'), illus. p.311.

O. ecklonis. Evergreen, upright or
somewhat straggling perennial. H and
S 18in (45cm). In summer-fall, daisylike,
white flower heads, with dark blue centers,
are borne singly above lance-shaped, gray-
green leaves. Z10-11 H6-1. 'Blue Streak'.
See O. 'Blue Streak'.

O. jucundum, syn. O. barberae,
Dimorphotheca barberae, illus. p.265.

O. 'Nairobi Purple'. Evergreen, semi-
prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears daisylike, velvety,
deep purple-red flower heads, with darker
streaks on outside of ray petals, in summer.
Has fresh green, lance-shaped leaves. Will
not flower freely in rich soils. Z10-11 H6-1.
O. Sunny Series 'Sunny Marina',
illus. p.301.

O. 'Whirlygig', illus. p.298.

OSTROWSKIA

Giant bellflower
CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of one species of summer¬
flowering perennial. Prefers a warm,
sunny situation and rich, moist but well-
drained soil. May be difficult to grow
because it requires a resting period after
flowering, so cover with a frame until
late fall to keep dry. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring.

O. magnifica. Erect perennial. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 172ft (45cm). From early to mid¬
summer produces very large, bell-shaped
flowers of light blue-purple, veined with
darker purple. Produces whorls of oval,
blue-gray leaves. Z7-8 H8-7.

OSTRYA

CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage, catkins and fruits. Needs sun or
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

O. carpinifolia (European hop
hornbeam). Deciduous, rounded tree.

H and S 50ft (15m). Has gray bark and oval,
glossy, dark green leaves that turn yellow
in fall. Yellow catkins in mid-spring are
followed by hop-like, greenish-white fruit
clusters that become turn in fall. Z6-9 H9-6.
O. virginiana, illus. p.72.

OTHONNA

syn. OTHONNOPSIS
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
daisylike flower heads in summer. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in early summer.

O. cheirifolia, illus. p.344.

Othonnopsis. See Othonna.

OURISIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials with
creeping rootstocks. Is suitable for peat
beds and walls. Needs partial shade and
moist, peaty soil. Propagate by division
or seed in spring.

O. caespitosa, illus. p.360.

O. coccinea, illus. p.269.

O. 'Loch Ewe'. Vigorous, evergreen,
rosetted perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
Prostrate stems have heart-shaped,
leathery, mid-green leaves. Produces dense
spikes of outward-facing, tubular, salmon-
pink flowers in late spring and early
summer. Z7-8 H8-7.

O. macrocarpa. Vigorous, evergreen,
prostrate perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 8 in
(20cm). Has rosettes of heart-shaped,
leathery, dark green leaves. Produces
spikes of open cup-shaped, yellow-
centered, white flowers in late spring.

Z7-9 H9-7.

O. magellanica. See O. ruellioides.

O. microphylla, illus. p.362.

O. ruellioides, syn. O. magellanica.
Evergreen, straggling perennial. H lVan
(4cm), S to 6in (15cm). In summer produces
tubular, scarlet flowers above broadly
heart-shaped leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

OXALIS

Shamrock, Sorrel

OXALIDACEAE ~

Genus of tuberous, rhizomatous or fibrous-
rooted perennials and semievergreen
subshrubs, grown for their colorful
flowers, which in bud are rolled like an
umbrella, and their often ornamental
leaves. Leaves are mostly less than 3 Ain
(2cm) across and are divided into 3 or more
leaflets. Some species may be invasive;
smaller species and cultivars are suitable
for rock gardens. Needs full sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in fall or early spring.

O. acetosella (Wood sorrel). Creeping,
spring-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Forms
mats of clover-like, 3-lobed leaves. Delicate
stems bear cup-shaped, white flowers. Von
(lcm) across, with 5 purple-veined petals.
Prefers partial shade. Z3-8 H8-1. var.
purpurascens. See O. acetosella var.
subpurpurascens. var. subpurpurascens,
syn. O. acetosella var. purpurascens, illus.
p.352.

O. adenophylla, illus. p.352.

O. bowiei, syn. O. purpurata var. bowiei.
Spring- to summer-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 6 in (15cm).
Has long-stalked, clover-like, 3-lobed
leaves. Stems each produce loose head of
3-10 widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple
flowers, lV4-lVan (3-4cm) across. Needs
a sheltered, sunny site. Z8-10 H10-8.

O. chrysantha. Creeping, fibrous-rooted
perennial. H 172-2in (4-5cm), S 6-12in
(15-30cm). Forms mats of clover-like,
3-lobed leaves. Stems each produce funnel-
shaped, bright yellow flower, 3 A-174in
(2-3cm) across, in summer. Requires a
sheltered position. Z8-10 H10-8.

O. deppei. See O. tetraphylla.

O. depressa, syn. O. inops, illus. p.364.

O. enneaphylla. Tuft-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 2-3in (5-7cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Gray-green leaves are
divided into narrowly oblong to oval
leaflets. In summer, stems bear widely
funnel-shaped, lilac-pink or white flowers,
HA-lVzin (3-4cm) wide. Z5-9 H9-5.

O. hedysaroides. Semievergreen, bushy
subshrub. H 3ft (lm), S 1-lVzft (30-45cm).
Stems have clover-like, green leaves with
3 elliptical leaflets, the central leaflet on a
stalk. Leaf axils bear clusters of widely
funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 3 A-174in
(2-3cm) across, in spring-summer. Z9-10
H10-9.

O. hirta. Late summer-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Stem produces scattered leaves, with 3
narrowly lance-shaped leaflets. Leaf axils
each produce solitary, widely funnel-
shaped, rose-purple flower, 3 A-174in
(2-3cm) wide, with yellow center. Z9-10
H10-9.

O. inops. See O. depressa.

O. 'lone Hecker'. Tuft-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2-3in
(5-8cm). Gray leaves are divided into
narrowly oblong, wavy leaflets. In summer
bears funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue
flowers, lVdn (4cm) across, with darker
veins. Z8-9 H9-8.

O. laciniata. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).

Has blue-gray leaves divided into narrowly

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PAEON IA

oblong, crinkly-edged leaflets. In summer
bears widely funnel-shaped, steel-blue
flowers, lVan (4cm) across, with darker
veins. Z8-9 H9-8.

O. perdicaria, illus. p.371.

O. purpurata var. bowiei. See O.
bowiei.

O. spiralis subsp. vulcanicola, syn.

O. vulcanicola. Evergreen subshrub. H and
S 12in (30cm). Succulent red stems bear
clover-like, 3-lobed leaves in shades of
reddish-yellow to dark or mid-green.
Widely funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 5 /sin
(1.5cm) across, are borne in clusters from
spring to fall. Is often used in summer
bedding or in a hanging basket.

O. tetraphylla, syn. O. deppei, illus. p.338.
O. vulcanicola. See O. spiralis subsp.
vulcanicola.

OXYDENDRUM

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its flowers and fall color. Needs
an open position in sun or partial shade
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

O. arboreum, illus. p.76.

Oxypetalum caeruleum. See Tweedia
caerulea.

OZOTHAMNUS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their foliage and small,
densely clustered flower heads. Requires
full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

O. coralloides, syn. Helichrysum
coralloides, illus. p.347.

O. ledifolius, syn. Helichrysum ledifolium,
illus. p.151.

O. rosmarinifolius, syn. Helichrysum
rosmarinifolium. Evergreen, upright, dense
shrub. H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has
rosemary-like, linear, dark green leaves,
woolly beneath, the margins curved under.
Clusters of fragrant, white flower heads
are produced in early summer. Z8-9 H9-8.
O. selago, syn. Helichrysum selago, illus.
p.347.

P

PACHYCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of slow-growing, columnar,
perennial cacti, branching with age.

The funnel-shaped flowers are unlikely
to appear in cultivation as they are
produced only on plants over 10ft (3m)
high. Requires sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

P. marginatus, syn. Lemaireocereus
marginatus, Marginatocereus marginatus ,
Stenocereus marginatus , illus. p.494.

P. pecten-aboriginum (Hairbrush
cactus). Columnar, perennial cactus.

H 35ft (11m), S 10ft (3m). Dark green
stems bear 9-11 deep ribs. Each areole
has 8 radial spines. Van (1cm) long, and
longer central spines. Red-based, dark
brown spines fade to gray. Z13-15
H12-10.

P. pringlei, illus. p.483.

P. schottii, syn. Lophocereus schottii,
illus. p.493. 'Monstrosus' is a columnar,
perennial cactus. H 22ft (7m), S 6 ft (2m).
Irregular, olive- to dark green stems
have 4-15 ribs and no spines. Has
funnel-shaped, pink flowers, lVun (3cm)
wide, at night in summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

PACHYPHRAGMA

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of perennials with rosettes of basal
leaves, often grown as groundcover under
shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist soil. Propagate by division or stem
cuttings in late spring, or by seed in fall.

P. macrophyllum, syn. Thlaspi
macrophyllum, illus. p.255.

PACHYPHYTUM

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of rosetted, perennial succulents,
closely related to Echeveria , with which
it hybridizes. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
leaf or stem cuttings in spring or summer.
P. compactum, illus. p.491.

P. oviferum, illus. p.490.

PACHYPODIUM

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of bushy or treelike, perennial
succulents, mostly with swollen stems,
closely related to Adenium, except that
most species have spines. Requires full
sun and very well-drained soil. May be
very difficult to grow. Propagate by seed
in spring or summer.

P lamerei, illus. p.494.

P succulentum. Treelike, perennial
succulent. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
Swollen trunk, 6in (15cm) across, has
narrow, vertical, green to gray-brown
stems. Trumpet-shaped, pink-crimson
flowers, * * 3 Ain (2cm) across, are borne
near stem tips in summer. Z14-15
H12-10.

PACHYSANDRA

BUXACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials
and subshrubs, grown for their tufted
foliage. Is useful for groundcover. Tolerates
dense shade and grows in any but very
dry soil. Propagate by division in spring.

P axillaris. Evergreen, mat-forming
subshrub. H 8 in (20cm), S lOin (25cm).
Stems are each crowned by 3-6 oval,
toothed, leathery leaves. Produces small,
white flowers in erect spikes in late spring.
P terminalis, illus. p.375. "Variegata'
is an evergreen, creeping perennial.

H 4in (10cm), S 8 in (20cm). Diamond¬
shaped, cream-variegated leaves are
clustered at stem tips. In early summer
bears spikes of tiny, white flowers,
sometimes flushed purple.

PACHYSTACHYS

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown for their flowers. Needs partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Cut back
flowered stems in late winter to maintain
a bushy habit. Propagate by greenwood
cuttings in early summer. Whitefly and
red spider mite may cause problems.

P cardinaiis. See P. coccinea.

P. coccinea, syn. P. cardinaiis, Jacobinia
coccinea, Justicia coccinea (Cardinal's
guard). Evergreen, erect, robust shrub.

H 4—6 ft (1.2-2m), S 2-3ft (60cm-lm) to
flower well. Leaves are oval and deep
green. Has tubular, bright red flowers in
tight, green-bracted spikes, 6in (15cm)
long, in winter. Z13-15 H12-10.

P lutea, illus. p.459.

Pachystima. See Paxistima.

x PACHYVERIA

CRASSULACEAE ~

Hybrid genus ( Echeveria x Pachyphytum)
of clump-forming, rosetted, perennial
succulents, sometimes almost stemless.
Requires full sun or partial shade and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by leaf or stem
cuttings in spring or summer,
x P glauca, illus. p.490.

PAEON IA

Peony

PAEONIACEAE

Genus of late spring-flowering perennials

and deciduous shrubs ("tree peonies"),
grown for their bold foliage, showy blooms
and, in some species, colorful seed pods.
Young growth (especially on tree peonies)
may be damaged by late spring frosts.
Prefers sun (but tolerates partial shade) and
rich, well-drained soil. Tall and very large-
flowered cultivars need support. Propagate
all species by seed in fall (may take up to

3 years to germinate), tuberous species by
root cuttings in winter, tree peonies by
semiripe cuttings in late summer or by
grafting in winter. Perennials may also be
propagated by division in fall or early
spring. Is prone to peony wilt. 0 All parts
can cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
See also feature panel pp.228-9.

Flower forms

Unless stated otherwise, peonies described
below flower between late spring and early
to mid-summer and have large, alternate
leaves divided into oval to lance-shaped or
linear leaflets. Flowers are single,
semidouble, double or anemone-form.

Single —flowers are mostly cup-shaped,
with 1 or 2 rows of large, often lightly
ruffled, incurving petals and a conspicuous
central boss of stamens.

Semidouble —flowers are similar to single
ones, but have 2 or 3 rows of petals.

Double —flowers are rounded, usually
composed of 1 or 2 outer rows of large,
often lightly ruffled, incurving petals, the
remaining petals being smaller, usually
becoming more densely arranged and
diminishing in size toward the center.

Stamens are few, inconspicuous or absent.
Anemone-form (Imperial or Japanese)—
flowers usually have 1 or 2 rows of broad,
incurving, outer petals; the center of the
flower is often filled entirely with numerous
densely arranged, sometimes deeply cut,
narrow petaloids derived from stamens.

P. "Alice Harding'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Bears very
large, fragrant, double, creamy-white
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. "America', illus. p.229. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has large,
single flowers with very broad, crimson
petals, lightly ruffled at edges. Z3-8 H8-1.

P "Argosy'. Deciduous, upright shrub
(tree peony). H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large,
single, lemon-yellow flowers have crimson-
purple blotch at base. Is hard to propagate.

Z3-8 H8-1. P

P arietina. See P. mascula subsp. arietina.

P. "Auguste Dessert'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
masses of fragrant, semidouble flowers;
carmine petals are tinged salmon-pink and
have slightly ruffled, silvery-white edges.

Foliage provides rich fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Avant Garde'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has luxuriant
foliage. Medium-sized to large, fragrant,
single flowers are pale rose-pink with
darker veins and bright golden anthers that
have yellow-red filaments. Flowers are
borne on stiff, straight stems in mid-spring
and are ideal for cutting. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. "Ballerina'. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 3ft (lm). Fragrant, double flowers
are soft blush-pink, tinged lilac at first, later
fading to white. Outer rows of petals are
loosely arranged, very broad and
incurving; inner petals are also incurving,
but more densely arranged, narrower,
more uneven in size and often have slightly
ruffled margins. Foliage provides fall color.
Z3-8H8-1.

P. "Baroness Schroeder'. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft
(lm). Is very tree-flowering with large,
fragrant, globe-shaped, double flowers,
tinged with pale flesh-pink on opening but
fading to almost pure white. Produces
several rows of nearly flat, outer petals;
inner petals are incurving, ruffled and very
tightly arranged. Is one of the best peonies
for cutting. Z3-8 H8-1.

P "Barrymore'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has very
large, anemone-form flowers with broad, 649
outer petals that are palest blush-pink on _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PAEON IA

opening, later white. Clear pale golden-
yellow petaloids are very narrow, relatively
short and are neatly and densely arranged.
Z3-8H8-1.

P. 'Bartzelia', illus. p.229. Clump-forming,
free-flowering hybrid between an
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony.

H and S 3ft (90cm). In early summer bears
large, scented, double, lemon-yellow
flowers, marked with red.

P. 'Bowl of Beauty', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
very large, anemone-form flowers with
pale carmine-pink, outer petals and
numerous narrow, densely arranged, ivory-
white petaloids. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Buckeye Belle', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (90cm). Has
red-tinged, mid-green leaves and
semidouble, dark red flowers with a mass
of central, golden staminodes. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Callie's Memory'. Clump-forming,
free-flowering hybrid between an
herbaceous perennial and a tree peony.

H 24-28in (60-80cm), S 24in (60cm).
Produces large, scented, double, dark-
centered, cream flowers marked red-pink
at the edges and base.

P. cambessedesii (Majorcan peony), illus.
p.228. Clump-forming perennial. H and
S 18in (45cm). Has dark green leaves with
veins, stalks and under-surfaces suffused
purple-red. Single, deep rose-pink flowers
are borne in mid-spring. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Cheddar Cheese'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Produces
well-formed, large, double flowers in mid¬
summer. Neatly and densely arranged,
slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, the
inner ones incurving, are interspersed with
shorter, yellow petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Cheddar Gold', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial, H and S 28-32in
(70-80cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems
bear dark green leaves divided into 9 lance¬
shaped leaflets. In late spring or early
summer produces strongly scented flowers,
with rounded, white petals surrounding
central boss of golden staminodes.

P. 'Chocolate Soldier'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has mid- to
dark green leaves that are often tinged
bronze-red when young. Semidouble,
purple-red flowers, borne in early summer,
have yellow-mottled centers. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Claire de Lune', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 28-32in
(70-80cm). In mid-spring, single, pale
yellow flowers, each with central boss of
golden staminodes, are borne in pairs.
Z3-8H8-1.

650

P. 'Colonel Heneage'. Clump-forming
perennial of upright habit. H and S to 34in
(85cm). Has masses of anemone-form
flowers with both outer petals and inner
petaloids of dark rose-crimson. Z3-8 H8-1.
P. 'Coral Charm', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 28in (70cm).
Bears semidouble, peach-pink flowers
opening from darker buds. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Coral Fay'. Clump-forming perennial
forming a rather spreading dome. H and
S 32-36in (80-90cm). Semidouble, pink-
tinged, rich crimson flowers are paler
toward petal bases; stamens are golden-
yellow.

P corallina. See P. mascula subsp.
mascula.

P. 'Cora Louise'. Clump-forming, free-

flowering hybrid between an herbaceous
perennial and a tree peony. H 24-32in
(60-80cm), S 24in (60cm). Bears large,
scented, semidouble, white flowers; each
petal has purplish blotch at base.

P 'Cornelia Shaylor'. Erect, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm).
Fragrant, double flowers, flushed rose-pink
on opening and fading to blush-white, are
borne freely from early to mid-summer.
Ruffled petals are neatly and densely
arranged. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Dayspring'. Clump-forming perennial.
H and S to 28in (70cm). Has an abundance
of fragrant, single, clear pink flowers borne
in trusses. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. decora. See P. peregrina.

P. 'Defender'. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Single,
satiny, crimson flowers, to 6in (15cm)
across, with central boss of golden anthers,
are borne on strong stems. Z3-8 H8-1.

P delavayi, illus. p.136. var. angustiloba
is a deciduous, upright, open, suckering
shrub or subshrub (tree peony). H to 3ft
(lm), S 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are divided into
pointed, oval leaflets, often with reddish
stalks. Produces small, bowl-shaped, red,
red-purple, yellow, orange or white
flowers, 2-21/2in (5-6cm) across, with
conspicuous, leafy bracts beneath, in late
spring, var. angustiloba f. alba, syn.

P. potaninii f. alba has white flowers, var.
angustiloba f. angustifolia, syn.

P. potaninii produces dark red, red or
reddish-purple flowers, var. angustiloba
f. trollioides, syn. P. potaninii var.
trollioides, P. trollioides has yellow or
orange flowers, var. delavayi f. delavayi
has dark red to purplish flowers, var.
delavayi f. lutea, syn. P. lutea has orange,
yellow or greenish-yellow flowers,
sometimes red at the bases or on the petal
margins, var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii.

P. 'Dresden'. Robust, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm). Has
single, ivory-white flowers tinged soft
blush-rose-pink. Foliage provides fall color.
Z3-8 H8-1. P. 'Duchesse de Nemours',
syn. P. 'Mrs. Gwyn Lewis'. Vigorous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S to 28in
(70cm). Produces masses of richly fragrant,
double flowers with very large, incurving,
outer petals, tinged palest green at first,
soon fading to pure white; inner petals with
irregular margins are densely arranged
toward center and are creamy-yellow at
base. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Early Windflower'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm).

Has bronze-tinged, mid-green leaves.
Produces pendent, cup-shaped, single,
pure white flowers.

P emodi (Himalayan peony), illus. p.228.
Clump-forming perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m),

S to 3ft (lm). Glossy, green foliage is topped
by tall stems bearing several large,
fragrant, single, pure white flowers, with
golden-yellow anthers. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. 'Evening World'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
abundant, large, anemone-form flowers
with soft blush-pink, outer petals and very
tightly arranged, pale flesh-pink petaloids.
Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Felix Crousse', syn. P. 'Victor Hugo',
illus. p.229. Vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Bears
a profusion of fragrant, double, rich

carmine-pink flowers, with darker red
centers. Petals are ruffled, very numerous
and tightly arranged, with edges
sometimes tipped silvery-white. Z3-8 H8-1.
P. 'Festiva Maxima', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
dense, spreading foliage and huge,
fragrant, double flowers borne on strong
stems. Rather loosely arranged petals are
large with irregular margins; outer petals
are pure white, inner ones each have
crimson, basal blotch. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Flamingo'. Clump-forming perennial.
H and S to 34in (85cm). Double flowers are
large and clear pale salmon-pink. Foliage
provides fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Garden Treasure', illus. p.229.
Clump-forming, free-flowering hybrid
between an herbaceous perennial and
a tree peony. H and S 28-32in (70-80cm).
Has large, semidouble, bright yellow
flowers.

P 'Globe of Light'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has large,
fragrant, anemone-form flowers. Outer
petals are pure rose-pink, petaloids clear
golden-yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Heirloom'. Compact, clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 28in (70cm). Bears
masses of large, fragrant, double, pale lilac-
pink flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Instituteur Doriat'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
abundant, large, anemone-form flowers,
with reddish-carmine, outer petals and
densely arranged, relatively broad
petaloids, paler and more pink than outer
petals, with ruffled, silvery-white margins.
Foliage provides fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Jan van Leeuwen', illus. p.228.
Clump-forming perennial, H 36in (90cm),

S 28in (70cm). Bronze or reddish-brown
stems bear dark green leaves divided into
leaflets. In late spring or early summer
produces scented, white, bowl-shaped
flowers, with large, floppy petals and
yellow staminodes.

P japonica, illus. p.228. Compact, clump¬
forming perennial. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 8in (20cm). In early spring produces pink-
tinged stems bearing soft green leaves with
7-9 rounded leaflets. Produces short-lived,
cup-shaped, single, white flowers; after
flowering, leaves continue to develop and
turn to green. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Kelway's Fairy Queen', illus. p.228.
Compact, clump-forming perennial. H and
S 28-32in (70-80cm). Bronze-brown stems
bear dark green leaves divided into lance¬
shaped leaflets. In late spring to early
summer bears bowl-shaped, semidouble,
soft pink flowers, with deeper outer petals
and golden staminodes.

P 'Kelway's Gorgeous', illus. p.229.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S to 34in
(85cm). Single, intense clear carmine
flowers, with a hint of salmon-pink, are
borne very freely. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Kelway's Majestic'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Freely borne,
large, fragrant, anemone-form flowers
have bright cherry rose-pink, outer petals
and lilac-pink petaloids flecked with silver
or pale gold. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Kelway's Supreme'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has large,
strongly fragrant, double flowers,
produced over a long period, sometimes
borne in clusters on well-established

plants. Petals are broad, incurving, soft
blush-pink, fading to milk-white. Single or
semidouble axillary flowers are often
produced. Foliage provides fall color. Z3-8
H8-1.

P. 'Knighthood', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
Double flowers have densely arranged,
rather narrow, ruffled petals of unusually
rich burgundy-red. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Krinkled White'. Robust, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 32in (80cm).
Large, bowl-shaped, single, milk-white
flowers are sometimes flushed palest pink.
Petals are large with ruffled margins.

Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'L'Esperance', syn. P x lemoinei
'L'Esperance', illus. p.229. Deciduous,
upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
(1.5m). Has very large, single, primrose-
yellow flowers with carmine blotch at base
of each petal. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. lactiflora (Common garden peony).
Variable, clump-forming perennial.

H 28-48in (70-120cm), S 28-39in
(70-100cm). Bronze or reddish-brown
stems bear dark green leaves divided
into 9 lance-shaped leaflets. In late spring
or early summer, 1-3 scented, bowl¬
shaped, white flowers are borne on each
stem. Is more often represented in garden
by named selections, most of which are
hybrids. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Lady Alexandra DufF, illus. p.228.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 36in
(90cm). Bronze or reddish-brown stems
bear dark green leaves divided into leaflets.
In late spring or early summer produces
large, scented, double flowers, with soft
pink outer petals and smaller, white
inner ones. Flowers fade white in sun.

Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Laura Dessert', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm).
Produces fragrant, double flowers with
creamy blush-white, outer petals. Densely
arranged, incurving, inner petals are
flushed rich lemon-yellow, and their
margins are sometimes deeply cut.

Z3-8 H8-1.

P x lemoinei (P. suffruticosa and P. lutea).
Variable, deciduous, upright, open shrub.

H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (lm). Bears bold,
mid-green leaves divided into pointed
leaflets. In early summer produces large,
bowl-shaped, often double flowers in a
range of colors, notably yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.
'High Noon' (illus. p.229), H and S 4%ft
(1.3m), has semidouble, bright yellow
flowers, often marked with crimson toward
center. Z3-8 H8-1. 'L'Esperance'. See
P. 'L'Esperance'.

P lobata. See P. peregrina.

P. ludlowii , syn. P. delavayi var. ludlowii,

P. lutea var. ludlowii, illus. p.229. Deciduous,
upright, slightly suckering shrub. H to lift
(3.5m), S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are divided
into sharply pointed, bright green leaflets.
Produces large, bright yellow flowers, to
5in (12cm) across, in late spring. Z3-8 H8-1.
P lutea. See P. delavayi var. delavayi f.
lutea. var. ludlowii. See P. ludlowii.

P. 'Madame Louis Henri'. Deciduous,
upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 5ft
(1.5m). Has loosely semidouble, whitish-
yellow flowers with large, incurving, outer
petals very heavily suffused with rusty-red.
Smaller, often darker, inner petals each
have basal, dull red blotch. Z3-8 H8-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

P. 'Magic Orb', illus. p.229. Clump-
forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm).
Bears masses of large, strongly fragrant,
double flowers, each with several outer
whorls of fairly broad, ruffled, intense
cherry-pink petals and center of densely
arranged, smaller, incurving petals.
Outermost rows of central petals are blush-
white, heavily shaded with mid-rose-
carmine; the innermost petals are mostly
creamy-white. Foliage provides fall color.
Z3-8 H8-1.

P. mascula subsp. arietina, syn.

P. arietina Tuberous perennial. H and S to
30in (75cm). Foliage is hairy underneath
and dark green; stems are dark red. Has
single, reddish-pink flowers. Seed capsules
with 2-5 boat-shaped sections split to
reveal purplish-black seeds. Z3-8 H8-1.
subsp. mascula, syn. P. corallina, H and
S to 3ft (lm), is clump-forming and has
hairless leaflets. Produces purple- or
carmine-red, occasionally pink or white
flowers, with bosses of golden-yellow
anthers borne on purple filaments.

P mlokosewitschii, illus. p.227.

P 'Mother of Pearl'. Clump-forming
perennial. H to 30in (75cm), S to 24in
(60cm). Has grayish-green leaves and
single, dog rose-pink flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Mrs. Gwyn Lewis'. See P 'Duchesse
de Nemours'.

P obovata var. alba, illus. p.228.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 28-36in
(70-90cm). Has erect stems and large, deep
green leaves, each with 9 uneven, broadly
elliptic leaflets, pale gray-green and slightly
hairy beneath. Bears single, cup-shaped,
white flowers, with purple filaments. Z3-8
H8-1.

P officinalis (Common peony). Clump¬
forming, tuberous perennial. H and S to
24in (60cm). This single, red apothecaries'
peony has long been in cultivation, but is
seldom seen today, having been superseded
by larger, often double-flowered hybrids,
such as the following. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Alba
Plena', H and S to 30in (75cm), has double,
white flowers that are sometimes tinged
with pink. 'China Rose', H and S to 18in
(45cm), has dark green foliage and single
flowers, with incurving, clear dark salmon-
rose petals and orange-yellow anthers.
'Crimson Globe', H and S 28-34in
(70-85cm), produces single, garnet-red
flowers, with golden-yellow stamens.
'Rubra Plena' (illus. p.229), H and S to
30in (75cm), is long-lived and has leaves
divided into broadly oval leaflets, and
double, vivid pinkish-crimson flowers,
with ruffled petals.

P 'Paul M. Wild', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 36in (90cm).
Bronze-brown stems bear dark green
leaves divided into 9 lance-shaped leaflets.
In late spring or early summer produces
large, fully double, bowl-shaped,
ruby-red flowers.

P peregrina, syn. P. decora, P lobata.
Clump-forming, tuberous perennial. H and
S to 3ft (lm). Bears bowl-shaped, single,
ruby-red flowers. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Otto
Froebel' (illus. p.229) has glossy, bright
green leaves and bears large, single,
vermilion flowers, tinged with salmon-rose.
P 'Pillow Talk', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 28-32in
(70-80cm). Bronze or reddish-stems bear
dark green leaves divided into leaflets.

Between late spring and early summer
bears double, soft pastel-pink flowers,
slightly richer at petal tips. Z3-8 H8-1.

P potaninii. See P. delavayi var.
angustiloba f. angustifolia. f. alba. See
P. delavayi var. angustiloba f. alba. var.
trollioides. See P. delavayi var.
angustiloba f. trollioides.

P. 'President Poincare'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Fragrant,
double, clear rich ruby-crimson flowers are
borne very freely. Foliage provides fall
color. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Red Charm'. Clump-forming
perennial with rather spreading dome.

H and S 32in (80cm). Bears large, double,
rich red flowers. Is good for cut flowers.

P. rockii, syn. P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S to 7ft
(2.2m). Produces large, spreading,
semidouble, white flowers; inner petals
each have basal, dark maroon blotch. Is
difficult to propagate. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Sarah Bernhardt', illus. p.228.
Vigorous, erect, clump-forming perennial.

H and S to 3ft (lm). Bears masses of huge,
fragrant, fully double flowers, with large,
ruffled, slightly dull rose-pink petals fading
to silvery blush-white at margins. Z3-8
H8-1.

P. 'Shirley Temple', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm).
Profuse, soft rose-pink flowers, fading to
palest buff-white, are fully double, with
broad petals arranged in whorls; innermost
petals are smaller and more loosely packed.
Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Silver Flare'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Stems are
flushed dull reddish-brown. Produces
masses of fragrant, single flowers, with
rather long, slender, rich carmine-pink
petals, each feathering to silvery-white
edge. Foliage provides fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.
P 'Sir Edward Elgar'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). Has
masses of single, chocolate-brown-tinged,
rich crimson flowers, with bosses of loosely
arranged, clear lemon-yellow anthers.
Foliage provides fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.

P x smouthii. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S to 24in (60cm). Produces masses
of fragrant, single, glistening, dark crimson
flowers, with yellow stamens, although
both flowers and foliage may vary in color.
Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Souvenir de Maxime Cornu'.

Deciduous, upright shrub (tree peony).

H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Large, richly fragrant
flowers are fully double with warm golden-
yellow petals densely arranged toward
center; ruffled margins are dull reddish-
orange. Z3-8 H8-1.

P suffruticosa (Moutan). Deciduous,
upright shrub (tree peony). H and S to 7ft
(2.2m). Bears variable, large, cup-shaped
flowers, single or semidouble, with
incurving, rose-pink or white petals, each
sometimes with usually chocolate-maroon,
basal blotch. Has given rise to many
cultivars with semidouble and double
flowers. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Cardinal Vaughan'
(illus. p.229) has semidouble, ruby-purple
flowers. 'Duchess of Marlborough',

H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces
semidouble, soft, warm pink flowers, with
feathery petals. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Godaishu'
('Large Globe') bears semi- or fully double,
white flowers, with yellow centers, amid

light green leaves that are fringed and
twisted. 'Hakuo-jisi' (illus. p.228), H and
S 5ft (1.5m) or more, is strong growing and
bears large, double, white flowers in early
summer; petals are finely marked with
purple at base. 'Hana-daijin'

('Magnificent Flower'), H and S 6ft (2m) or
more, is a vigorous cultivar that bears
masses of double, purple flowers. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Hana-kisoi' ('Floral Rivalry'; illus.
p.228) has double, pale cerise-pink flowers.
'Kamada-nishiki' ('Kamada Brocade'),

H and S to 4ft (1.2m), produces large,
double flowers, to 8in (20cm) across, that
are lilac-pink striped white at petal
margins. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Quing Long Wo
Mo Chi', H and S 10ft (3m), has large,
scented, semidouble, dark purple flowers,
with petals marked green toward base.

Z3-8 H8-1. 'Reine Elizabeth', H and S to
6ft (2m), has large, fully double flowers
with broad, salmon-pink petals, flushed
with bright copper-red and lightly ruffled
at margins. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Renkaku' ('Flight
of Cranes'), H and S to 3ft (lm), bears
double flowers, each with broad, incurving,
slightly ruffled, ivory-white petals, loosely
arranged in 3 or more whorls, that
surround large boss of long, golden-yellow
anthers. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Rimpo' (illus. p.229),

H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, has large,
scented, semidouble, dark mauve-purple
flowers with ruffled petals, subsp. rockii.
See P. rockii. 'Tama-fuyo' ('Jewel in the
Lotus') is vigorous and freely produces
double, pink flowers earlier than most
other cultivars. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Wu Long
Peng Sheng', H and S 10ft (3m), has
scented, rounded, double, magenta-red
flowers, with golden staminodes. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Yachiyo-tsubaki' (illus. p.228),

H and S 5ft (1.5m) or more, produces
masses of semidouble, clear pink flowers.

P. tenuifolia (Fernleaf poppy). Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 18in (45cm).
Has single, dark crimson flowers, with
golden-yellow anthers. Deep green leaves,
pale and gray-green beneath, are finely
divided into pointed, linear segments. Z3-8
H8-1.

P. 'Thunderbolt', illus. p.229. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 3Vzft (1.1m), S 28-32in
(70-80cm). In mid-spring has masses of
slightly pendent, single, deep red flowers,
often streaked dark purple.

P. trollioides. See P. delavayi var.
angustiloba f. trollioides.

P. veitchii, illus. p.229. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 30in (75cm). In early
summer produces nodding, cup-shaped,
single, purple-pink flowers. Glossy, bright
green leaves are divided into oblong to
elliptic leaflets. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. 'Victor Hugo'. See P. 'Felix Crousse'.

P 'White Wings', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S to 34in (85cm).
In mid-summer produces masses of large,
fragrant, single flowers, with broad, white
petals, sometimes tinged sulfur-yellow, that
are each slightly ruffled at tip. Glossy, dark
green leaves provide fall color. Z3-8 H8-1.
P 'Whitleyi Major', illus. p.228. Clump¬
forming perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S to 2ft
(60cm). Large, single, ivory-white flowers
have satin sheen and central bosses of clear
yellow anthers. Foliage and stems are
flushed rich reddish-brown. Z3-8 H8-1.

P wittmanniana. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has large.

PANDANUS

single, pale primrose-yellow flowers, each
with large, central boss of yellow anthers
on purple-red filaments. Leaves are divided
into broadly oval leaflets, shiny dark green
above, paler beneath. Z3-8 H8-1.

PALIURUS

RHAMNACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spiny, summer¬
flowering shrubs and trees, grown for
their foliage and flowers. P. spina-christi
is also grown for its religious association,
reputedly being the plant from which
Christ's crown of thorns was made.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

P. spina-christi, illus. p.116.

PAMIANTHE

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, spring¬
flowering bulb, grown for its large,
strongly fragrant, showy flowers. Needs
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Feed with high-potash liquid fertilizer in
summer. Reduce watering in winter but do
not allow to dry out. Propagate by seed in
spring or by offsets in late winter.

P peruviana, illus. p.399.

PANCRATIUM

Sea lily

AMARYLLI DACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their large,
fragrant, daffodil-like flowers in summer.
Needs sun and well-drained soil that is
warm and dry in summer when bulbs are
dormant. Plant at least 6in (15cm) deep.

Feed with a high-potash liquid fertilizer
every 2 weeks from fall to spring. Propagate
by seed in fall or by offsets in early fall.

P illyricum, illus. p.408.

P. maritimum (Sea daffodil). Late
summer-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm),

S 10-12in (25-30cm). Has strap-shaped,
erect, grayish-green, basal leaves. Produces
head of 5-12 white flowers, each with
large, deep cup in center and 6 spreading
petals. Is shy-flowering in cultivation.

ZB-11 H12-8.

PANDANUS

Screw pine

PANDANACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
scramblers, grown for their foliage and
overall appearance. Flowers and fruits
appear only on large, mature specimens.
Needs full light or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Propagate by seed or suckers
in spring or by cuttings of lateral shoots in
summer. Red spider mite may be
troublesome.

P. odoratissimus of gardens. See
P. tectorius.

P. tectorius, syn. P. odoratissimus (Thatch
screw pine). Evergreen, rounded tree. H to
20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m) or more. Has rosettes
of strap-shaped, deep green leaves, 3—5ft
(1-1.5m) long, with spiny margins and
spiny midrib beneath. Small flowers, the
males in clusters, each with a lance-shaped.

651

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PANDOREA

white bract, are borne mainly in summer.
Fruits are like round pineapples. Z14-15
HI 2-10. 'Veitchii', syn. P. veitchii, illus.
p.454.

P. veitchii. See P. tectorius 'Veitchii'.

PANDOREA

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their flowers
and leaves. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Prune after flowering to restrain
growth. Propagate by seed in spring or
by stem cuttings or layering in summer.

P. jasminoides, syn. Bignonia
jasminoides, illus. p.459.

P. lindleyana. See Clytostoma
callistegioides.

P. pandorana , syn. Tecoma australis,
Bignonia pandorana (Wonga wonga vine).
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H 20ft (6m) or more.

Leaves have 3-9 scalloped leaflets. Bears
small, funnel-shaped, cream flowers,
streaked and often spotted with red, brown
or purple, in clusters in summer. H12-8.

P. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana.

PANICUM

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES,
and SEDGES.

P. capillare (Witch grass). Tuft-forming,
annual grass. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has broad leaves and hairy stems.
Top half of each stem bears a dense panicle
of numerous, minute, greenish-brown
spikelets on delicate stalks in summer.
H12-1.

P. virgatum 'Northwind', illus. p.289.

PAPAVER

Poppy

PAPAVERACEAE

652

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
some of which are semievergreen, grown
for their cup-shaped flowers. Needs sun
or partial shade and prefers moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or
spring, P. orientale and its cultivars by
root cuttings in winter. Self-seeds readily.

P alpinum subsp. burseri. See
P. burseri.

P. atlanticum. Clump-forming, short¬
lived perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has
oval, toothed, hairy leaves and, in summer,
single, dull orange flowers. Is good for a
rock garden. Z5-7 H7-4.

P burseri, syn. P. alpinum subsp. burseri.
Semievergreen, tuft-forming, short-lived
perennial, best treated as an annual or
biennial. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in (10cm).
Has finely cut, gray leaves. Produces single,
white flowers in summer. Is suitable for a
rock garden, wall or bank. Z5-8 H8-5.

P commutatum, syn. P. commutatum
'Ladybird'. Fast-growing, erect, branching
annual. H and S 18in (45cm). Has elliptic,
deeply lobed, mid-green leaves and, in
summer, single, red flowers, each with
black blotch in center. H8-1. 'Ladybird'.
See P. commutatum.

P croceum, syn. P. nudicaule (Arctic
poppy, Iceland poppy). Tuft-forming
perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 4in (10cm).
Hairy stems each produce solitary.

fragrant, single, white-and-yellow flower,
sometimes marked green outside, in
summer. Many color forms have been
selected. Leaves are oval, toothed and soft
green. Needs partial shade. Is good for a
rock garden. Z2-7 H9-2.

P fauriei, syn. P. miyabeanum of gardens,
illus. p.373.

P 'Fireball', illus. p.238. Tuft-forming
perennial, spreading by stolons. H 14in
(35cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has elliptical,
lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In
early summer, upright, rather wiry stems
produce large, solitary, double, bright
tangerine-orange flowers. Z4-9 H9-1.

P 'Medallion', illus. p.238. Tuft-forming
perennial, spreading by stolons. H 34in
(85cm), S 28-39in (70-100cm). Has elliptical,
lobed, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. In
early and late summer, numerous upright,
sturdy stems bear large, solitary, pinkish-
purple flowers that last for several days.

P miyabeanum of gardens. See P. fauriei.
P. nudicaule of gardens. See P. croceum.

P. orientale (Oriental poppy). Rosetted
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1—3ft (30cm-lm).
Single, brilliant vermilion flowers, with
dark blotches at bases of petals, are borne
in early summer. Has broadly lance¬
shaped, toothed or cut, rough, mid-green
leaves. Flowering stems need support.

Z3-9 H9-1. 'Allegro', syn. P. orientale
'Allegro Viva', H 24-30in (60-75cm), has
bright scarlet flowers. 'Allegro Viva'.

See P. orientale 'Allegro'. 'Beauty of
Livermere', illus. p.235. 'Black and
White' (illus. p.238) is vigorous and has
large, white flowers, var. bracteatum
(illus. p.238), H 4ft (1.2m), is a robust,
vigorous perennial with ruff of bract-like
leaves held below large, deeply cupped,
blood-red flowers, with black, basal
blotches. 'Cedric Morris', H 28in (70cm),
produces pastel grayish-pink flowers.
'Choir Boy' (illus. p.238) is variable,
compact and bears ruffled, white flowers
marked at base with 4 black blotches.
'Graue Witwe' has ruffled, gray-white
flowers. 'Indian Chief* has deep
mahogany-red flowers. 'Karine' (illus.
p.238) has bowl-shaped, soft pale pink
flowers marked with dark red blotches.
'Kleine Tanzerin' bears abundant,
ruffled, dark pink flowers. 'Lauren's
Lilac' has soft lilac-mauve flowers. 'May
Queen' bears double, orange flowers.
'Mrs. Perry' has large, salmon-pink
flowers. 'Patty's Plum' (illus. p.238)
produces rich muddy-purple flowers that
fade as they age. 'Perry's White', H 32in
(80cm), has satiny, white flowers with
purple centers. 'Prinzessin Victoria
Louise' has large, salmon-pink flowers.
'Turkish Delight' (illus. p.238) bears
unblotched, bright salmon-pink flowers.
'Watermelon' has flowers of vivid
watermelon-pink.

P. rhoeas (Corn poppy. Field poppy,
Flanders poppy). Shirley Group (double)
is a fast-growing, slender, erect annual.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lobed,
light green leaves. In summer produces
rounded, often cup-shaped, double flowers,
in shades of red, pink or white, including
bicolors; (single) illus. p.310. HI 1-1.

P. somniferum (Opium poppy). Fast¬
growing, upright annual. H 30in (75cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has oblong, lobed, light
grayish-green leaves. Large, single flowers.

to 4in (10cm) wide, in shades of red, pink,
purple or white, are produced in summer.
Z3-8 H8-1. Several double-flowered forms
are available, including Carnation-
flowered Series, with fringed flowers
in mixed colors; Paeoniiflorum Group,
illus. p.303. 'Pink Beauty', which has
salmon-pink flowers; and 'White Cloud',
which produces large, white flowers.

PAPHIOPEDILUM

Slipper orchid

ORCHIDACEAE ~

(D Contact with foliage may aggravate skin
allergies. See also ORCHIDS.

P appletonianum. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring,
green flowers, 272in (6cm) across and
each with pouched, brownish lip and
pink-flushed petals, are borne singly
on tall, slender stems. Has oval, mottled
leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in
summer. Z12-15 HI2-6.

P. armeniacum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm), S lOin
(25cm). In spring, pouch-lipped, bright
yellow flowers, 272-47an (6-1 lcm) across,
with red lines in centers, are borne singly
on tall stem. Strap-shaped leaves, 272-16in
(6-15cm) long, marbled light and dark
green above, purple spotted beneath, are
borne from creeping rhizome. Needs shade
in summer.

P bellatulum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 2in (5cm). Bears
solitary, almost stemless, rounded, pouch¬
lipped, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
spotted with dark maroon, in spring. Oval,
marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs
shade in summer. HI 1-6.

P Buckhurst gx 'Mont Millais', illus.
p.467. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in
(10cm). Solitary, rounded, yellow-and-white
flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, lined and
spotted with red, are produced in winter.
Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires
shade in summer. HI 1-6.

P. callosum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid.
H 3in (8cm). Purple- and green-veined,
white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
on tall stems in spring-summer. Has oval,
mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs
shade in summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

P. fairrieanum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 3in (8cm). Solitary,
rich purple- and green-veined flowers,

2in (5cm) across, with curved petals and
orange-brown pouches, are borne in fall.
Oval leaves are 3in (8cm) long. Needs shade
in summer. HI 1-6.

P. Freckles gx, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary,
rounded, reddish-brown-spotted and
pouched, white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
are produced in winter. Has oval leaves,

4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.

HI 1-6.

P. haynaldianum. Evergreen, terrestrial
orchid. H 5in (12cm). In summer, long-
petaled, brown-marked, green-, pink-and-
white flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, are
produced singly. Has oval leaves, 8-9in
(20-23cm) long. Requires shade in summer.
Z12-15 H12-6.

P. Lyric gx 'Glendora', illus. p.467.
Evergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm).
Solitary, rounded, glossy, white-red-and-
green flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are

produced in winter. Has oval leaves, 6in
(15cm) long. Needs shade in summer. Hll-6.
P. Maudiae gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary,
clear apple-green or deep reddish-purple
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, appear on long
stems in spring or early summer. Has oval,
mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Requires
shade in summer. Hll-6.

P. niveum. Evergreen, terrestrial orchid.

H 2in (5cm). Solitary, white flowers, 17zin
(4cm) across, are produced mainly in spring.
Oval, marbled leaves are 3in (8cm) long.
Needs shade in summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

P. rothschildianum , illus. p.467.
Evergreen, clump-forming, terrestrial
orchid. H and S 20in (50cm). Spikes of 2-6
pouch-lipped, creamy-yellow flowers, with
maroon stripes, mahogany pouch and
elongated petals, to 572in (14cm) long, are
produced in summer. Has strap-shaped,
mid-green leaves, to 24in (60cm) long.
Needs shade in summer. HI 1-1.

P. sukhakulii. Evergreen, terrestrial
orchid. H 3in (8cm). In spring-summer,
solitary, purple-pouched, black-spotted,
green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
on tall stems. Has oval, mottled leaves,

4in (10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
Z12-15 H12-6.

P. venustum. Evergreen, terrestrial
orchid. H 4in (10cm). Solitary, variably
colored flowers, 272in (6cm) across,
ranging from pink to orange with green
veins and darker spots, are borne in fall.
Has oval, mottled leaves, 4in (10cm) long.
Needs shade in summer. Z12-15 H12-6.

PARADISEA

Paradise lily, St. Bruno's lily

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Requires sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall. After
division may not flower for a season.

P. liliastrum (St. Bruno's lily). Clump¬
forming, fleshy-rooted perennial. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Slender stems,
bearing racemes of saucer-shaped, white
flowers in early summer, arise above broad,
grasslike, grayish-green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

PARAHEBE

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
summer-flowering perennials, subshrubs
and shrubs, similar to Hebe and Veronica.

Is suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun and
well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in early summer.

P. catarractae, illus. p.342.

P. lyallii. Semievergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 6in (15cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Has oval,
toothed, leathery leaves. In early summer,
erect stems bear loose sprays of flattish,
pink-veined, white flowers. Z8-9 H9-8.

P. perfoliata, syn. Veronica perfoliata,
illus. p.271.

PARAQUILEGIA

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of tufted perennials, grown for their
cup-shaped flowers and fernlike foliage. Is
difficult to cultivate and flower successfully.
Prefers dry winters and cool climates. Is

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

good in alpine houses and troughs. Needs
sun and gritty, well-drained, alkaline soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

P anemonoides, syn. P. grandiflora,
illus. p.350.

P. grandiflora. See P. anemonoides.

PARASERIANTHES

LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
trees, grown for their feathery foliage
and unusual flower heads, composed
of numerous stamens and resembling
bottlebrushes. Do not plant out until late
spring. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

P. lophantha , syn. Albizia distachya,
Albizia lophantha, illus. p.89.

PARIS

LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous
perennials. Flowers are followed by fleshy
fruits with black or red seeds. Requires full
or partial shade and rich soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall. ® The
seeds may cause mild stomach upset if
ingested.

P polyphylla , syn. Daiswa polyphylla.
Erect, rhizomatous perennial. H 2—3ft
(60cm-lm), S to 1ft (30cm). In early
summer, at tips of slender stems, produces
unusual flowers consisting of ruff of green
sepals, with another ruff of greenish-yellow
petals, marked with crimson above,
crowned by violet-purple stigma. Leaves,
borne in whorls at stem tips, are lance¬
shaped to oval and mid-green. Z5-8 H8-5.

PARKINSON IA

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPINIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers
and overall appearance. Needs full sun, a
dry atmosphere and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens moderately
when in full growth, sparingly at other
times. Pruning is tolerated, but spoils the
natural habit. Propagate by seed in spring.

P. aculeata (Jerusalem thorn). Evergreen,
feathery shrub or tree with spiny, green
stem. H and S 10-20ft (3-6m) or more. Long,
linear leaves have winged midribs bearing
tiny, elliptic, short-lived leaflets. Produces
fragrant, 5-petaled, yellow flowers in
arching racemes in spring. Zll-12 H12-10.

PARNASSIA

Bog star. Grass of Parnassus
PARNASSIACEAE/CELASTRACEAE

Genus of rosetted, mainly summer¬
flowering perennials, grown for their
saucer-shaped flowers. Is good for rock
gardens. Needs sun and wet soil. Propagate
by seed in fall.

P palustris, illus. p.336.

PAROCHETUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of trailing, evergreen perennials.
Grows best in alpine houses. Needs partial
shade and gritty, moist soil. Propagate by
division of rooted runners year-round.

P communis , illus. p.370.

PARODIA

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of rounded, perennial cacti with
tubercles arranged in ribs that often spiral
around green stems. Crown forms woolly
buds, then funnel-shaped flowers. Requires
full sun or partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Water very lightly in winter;
tends to lose roots during a long period
of drought. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

P chrysacanthion , illus. p.496.

P concinna, syn. Notocactus apricus.
Flattened spherical, perennial cactus.

H 3in (7cm), S 4in (10cm). Much-ribbed,
pale green stem is densely covered with
short, soft, golden-brown spines. In
summer, crown produces flattish, glossy,
bright yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
with purple stigmas. Prefers partial
shade. Z13-15 H12-1.

P erinacea , syn. Wigginsia vorwerkiana.
Slow-growing, flattened spherical,
perennial cactus. H 3in (8cm), S 3V2in
(9cm). Glossy stem, with up to 20 wartlike
ribs, has yellow-white spines and bears
yellow flowers in summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

P. haselbergii (Scarlet ball cactus),
subsp. graessneri is a slow-growing,
flattened spherical, perennial cactus. H 4in
(10cm), S lOin (25cm). Bristly, golden spines
cover much-ribbed, green stem. Slightly
sunken crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy,
greenish-yellow flowers, with yellow
stigmas, in early spring. Prefers partial
shade, subsp. haselbergii, syn.
Notocactus haselbergii, illus. p.487.

P leninghausii, syn. Notocactus
leninghausii. Clump-forming, perennial
cactus. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Woolly
crown always slopes toward sun. In
summer, on plants more than 4in (10cm)
tall, yellow blooms open flat. Z13-15
H12-10.

P mammulosa, syn. Notocactus
mammulosus. Spherical, perennial cactus.

H and S 4in (10cm). Green stem has about
20 ribs and straight, stiff, yellow-brown
to white spines. Woolly crown produces
masses of golden flowers in summer.

Z13-15 H12-10.

P microsperma, syn. P. sanguiniflora,
illus. p.487.

P mueller-melchersii, syn. P. rutilans,
Notocactus rutilans, illus. p.486.

P nivosa, illus. p.487.

P ottonis, syn. Notocactus ottonis.
Variable, spherical, perennial cactus. H and
S 4in (10cm). Pale to dark green stem has
8-12 rounded ribs bearing stiff, golden
radial spines and longer, soft, red central
spines. In summer, crown bears flattish,
glossy, golden flowers, with purple stigmas.
Offsets freely from stolons. Prefers sun.
Z13-15 H12-1.

P rutilans. See P. mueller-melchersii.

P. sanguiniflora. See P. microsperma.

P. scopa, syn. Notocactus scopa (Silver
ball cactus). Spherical to columnar,
perennial cactus. H lOin (25cm), S 6in
(15cm). Stem, with 30-35 ribs, is densely
covered with white radial spines and
longer, red central spines, 3 or 4 per areole.
Crown bears funnel-shaped, glossy, yellow
flowers, with purple stigmas, in summer.
Prefers a sunny position. Z13-15 H12-1.

PARONYCHIA

Whitlow-wort

ILLECEBRACEAE/CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
for their loose mats of prostrate stems.

Is useful for rock gardens and walls. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

P capitata (Nailwort, Willow wort).
Vigorous, evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H V 2 in (1cm), S 16in (40cm).
Silvery leaves are small and oval. In
summer produces inconspicuous flowers
surrounded by papery bracts. Makes
good groundcover. Z8-10 H10-8.

P kapela subsp. serpyllifolia, illus.
p.375.

PARROTIA

HAMAM ELI DACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its flowers and fall color. Flower
buds may be killed by hard frosts. Requires
full sun and prefers fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Is lime-tolerant, but usually
colors best in acidic soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

P persica, illus. p.77.

PARROTIOPSIS

HAMAM ELI DACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree or
shrub, grown for its ornamental, dense
flower heads surrounded by conspicuous
bracts. Needs sun or partial and any fertile,
well-drained soil except very shallow soil
over chalk. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

P jacquemontiana. Deciduous, shrubby
or upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has
witch-hazel-like, dark green leaves that
turn yellow in fall. From mid- to late spring
and in summer bears clusters of minute
flowers, with tufts of yellow stamens,
surrounded by white bracts. Z6-9 H9-6.

PARTHENOCISSUS

VITACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their leaves,
which often turn beautiful colors in fall.
Broad tips of tendrils have sucker-like pads
that cling to supports. Has insignificant,
greenish flowers in summer. Will quickly
cover a north- or east-facing wall or fence
and may be grown up a large tree. Needs
full or partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by softwood or greenwood
cuttings in summer or by hardwood
cuttings in early spring. ® The berries may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

P henry ana, syn. Vitis henryana.
Deciduous, tendril climber with 4-angled,
woody stems. H to 30ft (10m) or more.
Leaves have 3-5 oval, toothed, velvety, deep
green or bronze leaflets, 172-5in (4-13cm)
long, with white or pinkish veins. Small,
dark blue berries are produced in fall. Leaf
color is best with a north or east aspect.
Z8-9 H9-1.

P quinquefolia, syn. Vitis quinquefolia
(Virginia creeper). Deciduous, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. H 50ft (15m)
or more. Leaves have 5 oval, toothed, dull

PASSIFLORA

green leaflets, paler beneath, that turn
crimson in fall. Blue-black berries are
produced in fall. Is ideal for covering
a high wall or building. Z7-9 H9-1.

P striata. See Cissus striata.

P. thomsonii. See Cayratia thomsonii.

P. tricuspidata, illus. p.209. 'Lowii', illus.
p.209. 'Veitchii', syn. Ampelopsis veitchii,
illus. p.210.

PASSIFLORA

Granadilla, Passion flower

PASSIFLORACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climbers, grown
for their unusual flowers, each one with a
central corona of filaments. Produces egg-
shaped to rounded, fleshy, edible fruits that
mature to orange or yellow in fall. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water freely in full growth,
less at other times. Stems need support.
Thin out and spur back crowded growth
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

P x allardii, syn. P. 'Allardii'. Strong¬
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 22-30ft (7-10m). Has
3-lobed leaves. Pink-tinged, white flowers,
3-4in (7-10cm) wide, with purple-banded
crowns, are produced in summer-fall.

Z7-9 H9-7.

P ■'Allardii'. See P. x allardii.

P. antioquiensis, syn. Tacsonia van-
volxemii (Red banana passionflower).
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Has
downy leaves, with 3 deep lobes. Bears
long-tubed, rose-red flowers, 4-5in
(10-12cm) across, with purplish-blue
centers, in summer-fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

P caerulea, illus. p.204. 'Constance
Elliot' is a fast-growing, evergreen or
semievergreen, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber. H 30ft (10m) or more. Has rich
green leaves. In summer-fall produces
bowl-shaped, fragrant, white flowers, with
pale blue or white filaments. Z6-9 H9-6.

P x caeruleoracemosa. See P. x violacea.
P. x caponii 'John Innes'. Strong¬
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 25ft (8m). Has 3-lobed
leaves and bowl-shaped, nodding, white
flowers, flushed claret-purple, with purple-
banded, white crowns, in summer-fall.
Z13-15 H12-10.

P coccinea, illus. p.462.

P x exoniensis. Fast-growing, evergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climber. H 25ft
(8m) or more. Leaves have 3 deep lobes
and are softly downy. Rose-pink flowers,
3in (8cm) across, with purplish-blue
crowns, are produced in summer-fall.
Z13-15 H12-10.

P manicata (Red passionflower). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 10—15ft (3-5m). Has
slender, angular stems and 3-lobed leaves.
Red flowers, with deep purple and white
crowns, are borne in summer-fall. Z12-15
H12-10.

P mollissima, syn. Tacsonia mollissima.
Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Softly
downy leaves have 3 deep lobes. Long-
tubed, pink flowers, to 3in (8cm) wide,
with purplish-blue crown, are borne in
summer-fall.

653

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PATERSON IA

P. quadrangularis , illus. p.462.

P. racemosa (Red passionflower). Fast¬
growing, evergreen, tendril climber with
slender, woody stems. H 15ft (5m). Has
wavy, leathery leaves with 3 deep lobes.

In summer-fall bears terminal racemes of
pendent, crimson flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm)
across, with white- and purple-banded
crowns. Z13-15 H12-10.

P. sanguinea. See P. vitifolia.

P. x violacea, syn. P. x caeruleoracemosa.
Vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H 30ft (10m). Has 3-lobed
leaves. Purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are
produced in summer-fall. Z12-15 H12-10.
P. vitifolia, syn. P. sanguinea. Evergreen,
woody-stemmed, tendril climber; slender
stems have fine, brown hairs. H to 15ft
(5m). Has 3-lobed, lustrous leaves. In
summer-fall bears bright scarlet flowers,
5in (13cm) wide, with short crown, banded
red, yellow, and white. Z10-11 H12-10.

PATERSON IA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
spring- and early summer-flowering,
rhizomatous perennials. Needs full sun and
light, well-drained soil. Leave undisturbed
once planted. Propagate by seed in fall.

P. umbrosa. Evergreen, clump-forming,
spring- and early summer-flowering
rhizomatous perennial. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has
erect, basal leaves and tough flower stems
bearing a succession of iris-like, purple-
blue flowers, lV4-lV2in (3-4cm) across.
Zll-15 H12-6.

P _

PATRINIA

VALERIANACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of perennials, with neat clumps,
grown for their flowers. Is suitable for rock
gardens and peat beds. Needs partial shade
and moist soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by seed in fall. Self-seeds freely.

P. triloba, illus. p.275.

PAULOWNIA

scrophulariaceae/paulowniaceaT

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
large leaves and foxglove-like flowers,
borne before the foliage emerges. Flower
buds and young growth of small plants
may be damaged by very hard frosts.
Requires full sun and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring or by root cuttings in winter.
P. fortunei. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 25ft (8m). Has large, oval, mid¬
green leaves. In late spring bears large,
fragrant flowers, purple-spotted and white
inside, pale purple outside. Z5-8 H8-4.

P. imperialis. See P. tomentosa.

P. tomentosa, syn. P. imperialis, illus. p.72.

PAVONIA

MALVACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering perennials and shrubs, grown
usually for their flowers. Needs full light
or partial shade and rich, well-drained
— soil. Water freely when in full growth,
654 moderately at other times. Leggy stems
_ may be cut back hard in spring. Propagate

by seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings
in summer. Whitefly and red spider mite
may be troublesome.

P. hastata. Evergreen, erect shrub.

H 6-10ft (2-3m), S 3-6ft (l-2m). Has lance¬
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves, with 2
basal lobes. Funnel-shaped, pale red to
white flowers, with darker basal spotting,
are produced in summer.

PAXISTIMA

syn. PACHYSTIMA

CELASTRACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spreading shrubs
and subshrubs, grown for their foliage.

Is suitable for groundcover. Needs sun
or partial shade and rich, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
P. canbyi (Cliff green, Ratstripper).
Evergreen, spreading subshrub. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves are linear
or oblong. Short, pendent spikes of tiny,
greenish-white flowers are produced in
summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

Pedilanthus tithymaioides. See

Euphorbia tithymaioides.

PELARGONIUM

Geranium

GERANIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly summer-flowering
perennials, most of which are evergreen,
often cultivated as annuals. Is grown for
its colorful flowers and is useful in pots
or as bedding plants; in warm conditions,
flowers are borne almost continuously.

A sunny site with 12 hours of daylight is
required for good flowering. Prefers well-
drained, neutral to alkaline soil. Dislikes
very hot, humid conditions. Dead-head
frequently and fertilize regularly if grown
in containers; do not overwater. Plants may
be kept through winter in the greenhouse
by cutting back in fall-winter to 5in (12cm)
and repotting. Propagate by softwood
cuttings from spring to fall. 0 Contact
with the foliage may occasionally aggravate
skin allergies.

Pelargoniums may be divided into six
groups; all flower in summer-fall unless
stated otherwise. See also feature panel
p.309.

Angel —plants with rounded, sometimes
scented, usually mid-green leaves, and
clusters of small, single flowers of the
regal type.

Ivy-leaved —trailing, evergreen plants,
ideal for hanging baskets, with lobed,
sometimes pointed, stiff, fleshy, usually
mid-green leaves and flowers similar to
those of zonal pelargoniums.

Regal —shrubby, evergreen plants with
rounded, sometimes lobed or partially
toothed, mid-green leaves and clusters
of single, rarely double, broadly trumpet¬
shaped, exotic-colored flowers that are
prone to weather damage in the open.
Scented-leaved and species —evergreen
plants with small, single, often irregularly
star-shaped flowers; scented-leaved forms
are grown for their fragrance.

Unique —Tall-growing, evergreen
subshrubs with rounded or lobed,
sometimes incised, mid-green leaves,
often with a pungent scent when crushed.
Produces clusters of single, trumpet¬

shaped, brightly colored flowers of the
regal type, which appear continuously
through the season.

Zonal —succulent-stemmed, evergreen
plants with rounded, leaves, distinctively
marked with a darker "zone," and single
(5-petaled), semidouble or fully double
flowers. Zonal pelargoniums can be
separated into the following groups:
cactus-flowered; double- and semidouble-
flowered; fancy-leaved; Formosum hybrids;
Rosebud; Single-flowered; and Stellar.

P acetosum. Species pelargonium.

H 20-24in (50-60cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).
Stems are succulent with fleshy, gray-green
leaves that are often margined red. Bears
single, salmon-pink flowers. Is good as a
pot plant in a greenhouse. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. 'Alberta', illus. p.309. Evergreen,
single-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears clusters
of small, crimson-and-white flowers. Is best
grown as a bedding plant. HI 1-1.

P Amethyst ("Fisdel'). Evergreen, trailing
ivy-leaved pelargonium. H and S to 5ft
(1.5m). Leaves are fleshy with pointed
lobes. Bears fully double, light mauve-
purple flowers. Z12-15 HI2-1.

P Antik Series. Vigorous, evergreen,
single-flowered zonal pelargonium grown
as a climber or, with pinching, as
groundcover. H and S 36^18in (90-120cm).
Has rounded, lobed, plain green leaves and
large clusters of flowers in orange, pink,
violet, salmon, or scarlet. Antik Salmon
("Tiksal'), illus. p.309, bears salmon-pink
flowers. Hll-1.

P "Apple Blossom Rosebud'.

Evergreen, rosebud zonal pelargonium.

H 12in (30cm), S 9in (23cm). Fully double,
pinkish-white flowers, margined with red,
look like miniature rosebuds. Z12-15
H12-1.

P. "Autumn Festival'. Evergreen, bushy
regal pelargonium. H and S 12in (30cm).
Salmon-pink flowers have pronounced,
white throats. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Bird Dancer'. Dwarf, stellar zonal
pelargonium. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 5-6in
(12-15cm). Has clusters of single flowers,
with pale pink lower petals and salmon-
pink upper petals. Hll-1.

P Blue Wonder ("Pacbla'), illus. p.309.
Evergreen, semidouble-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm).
Has rounded, lobed, plain green leaves and
large clusters of vivid rich lilac flowers (not
blue). Hll-1.

P. "Bredon'. Strong-growing, evergreen
regal pelargonium. H 18in (45cm), S to 12in
(30cm). Bears large, maroon flowers.

Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Brookside Primrose', illus. p.309.
Dwarf, fancy-leaved zonal pelargonium.

H 4-5in (10-12cm), S 3-4in (7-10cm). Bears
double, pale pink flowers. Leaves have
butterfly mark in center of each leaf. Is
good as a pot plant or for bedding. Hll-1.
P Bulls Eye Series. Evergreen, single-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 13-15in
(33-38cm), S ll-13in (28-33cm). Has
rounded, lobed, chocolate-brown leaves
with green edges. Produces large clusters
of flowers in shades of red, pink, or a
mixture. Propagate by seed. "Bulls Eye
Salmon' (illus. p.309) has salmon-pink
flowers. Hll-1.

P. "Butterfly Lorelei'. Fancy-leaved zonal
pelargonium. H 10-12in (25-30cm), S 6-8in

(15-20cm). Has butterfly-shaped leaves
and double, pale salmon-pink flowers.

Is suitable as a container plant in a
greenhouse. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Caligula'. Evergreen, miniature,
semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small,
crimson flowers and tiny, dark green
leaves. Is suitable for a windowsill. Hll-1.
P. "Capen'. Bushy, semidouble-flowered
zonal pelargonium. H 15-18in (38-45cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears semidouble, coral-
pink flowers. Is good as a container plant.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P. capitatum. Evergreen, scented-leaved
pelargonium. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has mauve flowers and irregularly
3-lobed leaves that smell faintly of roses. Is
mainly used to produce geranium oil for
perfume industry, but may be grown as a
container plant. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. carnosum. Deciduous, shrubby
pelargonium (unclassified), with thick,
succulent stems and woody, swollen,
tuber-like rootstock. H and S 12in (30cm).
Has long, gray-green leaves with
triangular, deeply lobed leaflets. Produces
branched, umbel-like flower heads with
white or greenish-yellow flowers, the
upper petals streaked red and shorter than
green sepals. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Cherry Blossom'. Vigorous,
evergreen, single-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H and S to 18in (45cm).
Mauve-pink flowers have white centers.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Chew Magna'. Evergreen regal
pelargonium. H 12-18in (30-45cm), S to
12in (30cm). Each petal of pale pink flowers
has wine-red blaze. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Clorinda', illus. p.309. Vigorous,
scented-leaved pelargonium. H 18-20in
(45-50cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Leaves
smell of cedar and are 3-lobed. Bears large,
single, rose-pink flowers. Is suitable for a
greenhouse or patio. Hll-1.

P. "Coddenham'. Miniature, double-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 4-5in
(10-12cm), S 3-4in (7-10cm). Produces
clusters of orange-red flowers.

P. crispum "Variegatum'. Evergreen,
upright, scented-leaved pelargonium.

H to 3ft (lm), S l-lVrft (30^15cm). Has
gold-variegated leaves that tend to turn
creamy-white in winter. Produces small,
pale lilac flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. "Dale Queen'. Evergreen, bushy,
single-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 9in (23cm). Flowers
are delicate salmon-pink. Is particularly
suitable for a pot. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. Decora Series. Evergreen, trailing
ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 6-8in (15-20cm),
S to 4ft (1.2m). Bears fresh green leaves
without dark zone, and narrow-petaled
flowers in red, lilac, or shades of pink.
"Decora Dark Pink' (illus. p.309) is dark
rose-pink. Hll-1.

P. "Dolly Varden'. Evergreen, fancy¬
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),

S 9in (23cm). Green leaves have purple-
brown, white and crimson markings.
Single, scarlet flowers are insignificant.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P. 'Emma Hossle'. See P. 'Frau Emma
Hossle'.

P. "Evka', illus. p.309. Evergreen, trailing,
bushy ivy-leaved pelargonium. H 6in
(15cm), S 18in (45cm). Has pale green

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PELARGONIUM

leaves edged in creamy-white. Bears
clusters of small, single, deep rose-red
flowers. HI 1-1.

P 'Fair Ellen'. Compact scented-leaved
pelargonium. H and S 12in (30cm). Has
dark green leaves and pale pink flowers
marked with red. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. Fireworks Series. Bushy, compact
evergreen perennial. H 8-10in (20-25cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Has shallowly 5-lobed,
aromatic, matt, dark green leaves, with
lobes suffused purplish-green. From spring
to early fall produces upright, dense
clusters of red, white, pink or bicolored
flowers, with 5 sharply pointed lobes.
Fireworks Scarlet ('Fiwoscarl'), illus.
p.309, has bright scarlet flowers. HI 1-1.

P. 'Flower of Spring' (Silver-leaved
geranium). Vigorous, evergreen, fancy¬
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 24in (60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has green-and-white leaves
and single, red flowers. Z12-15 HI2-1.

P. x fragrans. See P. 'Fragrans'.

P 'Fragrans', syn. P. x fragrans,

P. Fragrans Group. Evergreen, very bushy,
scented-leaved pelargonium. H and S 12in
(30cm). Rounded, shallowly lobed, gray-
green leaves smell strongly of pine. Bears
small, white flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. 'Fraiche Beaute', syn. P 'Fraicher
Beauty', illus. p.309. Evergreen, double-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),
S 9in (23cm). Perfectly formed, white
flowers have thin, red edge to each petal.

Is excellent as a pot plant. Hll-1.

P 'Fraicher Beauty'. See P. 'Fraiche
Beaute'.

P. 'Francis Parrett'. Evergreen,
short-jointed, double-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in
(10cm). Bears purplish-mauve flowers
and small, green leaves. Is good for a
windowsill. Z12-15 H12-1.

P. 'Frau Emma Hossle', syn. P. 'Emma
Hossle'. Evergreen, dwarf, double-flowered
zonal pelargonium. H 8-10in (20-25cm),

S 6in (15cm). Bears large, mauve-pink
flowers. Is useful for a windowbox. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Friesdorf'. Evergreen, fancy-leaved
zonal pelargonium. H lOin (25cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has dark green leaves and narrow-
petaled, single, orange-scarlet flowers. Is
good for a windowbox or planted in a large
group. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Golden Lilac Mist'. Bushy, fancy¬
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 10-12in
(25-30cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Golden-
yellow leaves are marked with bronze.
Bears double, lavender-pink flowers. Is
a good window-box plant. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Gustav Emich'. Vigorous, evergreen,
semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H and S to 24in (60cm). Semidouble flowers
are vivid scarlet. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Happy Thought', illus. p.307.

P Horizon Devas Series. Evergreen,
single-flowered zonal pelargonium. H and
S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has rounded, lobed,
often bronze-zoned, mid-green leaves and
large, domed heads of flowers with
speckled or picotee pattern, or a
combination of the two. Propagate by seed.
'Horizon Deva Orange Ice' (illus. p.309)
is white with an orange picotee and veining
and orange on reverse. Hll-1. 'Horizon
Deva Raspberry Ripple' (illus. p.309) is
white with rich pattern of deep red
speckles and occasional streaks. Hll-1.

P 'Irene'. Evergreen, semidouble-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 18in (45cm),
S 9-12in (23-30cm). Bears large, light
crimson blooms. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Ivalo'. Evergreen, bushy, short-jointed,
semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 9-12in (23-30cm), S 9in (23cm). Large,
semidouble flowers are pale pink with
crimson-dotted, white centers. Z12-15
H12-1.

P. 'Lachsball'. Vigorous, semidouble-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 18-20in
(45-50cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears
salmon-pink flowers with scarlet eye. Is
good for summer bedding. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Lachskonigin', illus. p.309. Evergreen,
trailing, brittle-jointed pelargonium. H and
S to 24in (60cm). Has fleshy leaves, with
pointed lobes, and semidouble, deep rose-
pink flowers. Is suitable for a hanging
basket or windowbox. Hll-1.

P 'Lady Plymouth', illus. p.309. Scented¬
leaved pelargonium. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Has eucalyptus-scented,
silver-margined, mid-green leaves and
clusters of lavender-pink flowers. Hll-1.

P 'L'EIegante'. Evergreen, trailing ivy¬
leaved pelargonium. H and S to 24in
(60cm). Foliage is variegated with creamy-
white margins, sometimes turning pink at
edges. Semidouble flowers are pale mauve.
Is best grown in a hanging basket. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Lesley Judd'. Vigorous, evergreen,
bushy regal pelargonium. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S to 12in (30cm). Flowers are
soft salmon-pink with red central blotch.
Pinch out growing tips before flowering,
to control shape. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Mabel Grey'. Evergreen, scented¬
leaved pelargonium. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has diamond-shaped,
rough-textured, toothed, strongly lemon-
scented leaves, with 5-7 pointed lobes,
and mauve flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Madame Fournier'. Evergreen,
short-jointed, single-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in
(10cm). Small, scarlet flowers contrast
well with almost black leaves. Is useful
for a pot or as a summer bedding plant.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Manx Maid'. Evergreen regal
pelargonium. H 12-15in (30-38cm), S lOin
(25cm). Flowers and leaves are small for
regal type. Pink flowers are veined and
blotched with burgundy. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Mauritania'. Evergreen, single-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),
S 9in (23cm). White flowers are ringed
toward centers with pale salmon-pink.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P Maverick Series. Evergreen, single-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H and S
12-18in (30-45cm). Has rounded, lobed,
mainly bronze-zoned, mid-green leaves.
Produces large, domed heads of flowers
in reds, pinks, a bicolor or white. Propagate
by seed. 'Maverick Star' (illus. p.309) is
blushed white with deep rose-pink eyes.
Hll-1.

P 'Mini Cascade'. Evergreen, trailing,
short-jointed, ivy-leaved pelargonium.

H and S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears many
single, red flowers. Regular dead-heading
is essential for continuous display. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Mr. Everaarts'. Bushy, dwarf, double-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 6-8in (15—

20cm), S 4-5in (10-12cm). Bears bright pink
flowers. Is good in a windowbox. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Mr. Henry Cox', syn. P 'Mrs. Henry
Cox'. Evergreen, fancy-leaved zonal
pelargonium. H 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
Mid-green leaves are marked with red,
yellow and purple-brown. Flowers are
single and pink. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Mrs. Henry Cox'. See P. 'Mr. Henry
Cox'.

P 'Mrs. Pollock'. Evergreen, single-
flowered zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),
S 6in (15cm). Each golden leaf has gray-
green butterfly mark in center, with bronze
zone running through it. Bears small,
orange-red flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Mrs. Quilter'. Evergreen, fancy¬
leaved zonal pelargonium. H 12in (30cm),

S 9in (23cm). Has yellow leaves with wide,
chestnut-brown zones and single, pink
flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P Multibloom Series. Seed-raised,
single-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 10-12in (25-30cm), S 12in (30cm).
Abundant flowers in shades of white, pink,
and red, some with white eyes, are borne
in clusters. Is early-flowering and continues
over a long period. Is tolerant of wet
conditions. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Orange Ricard'. Vigorous, robust,
evergreen, semidouble-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has masses of large, orange
blooms. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Paton's Unique'. Vigorous unique
pelargonium with pungent-smelling leaves.
H 15-18in (38-45cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Flowers are single, red or pale pink, with
small, white eye. Z12-15 H12-1.

P peltatum. Evergreen, trailing, brittle-
jointed pelargonium from which ivy-leaved
cultivars have been derived. H and S to 5ft
(1.5m). Has fleshy leaves, with pointed
lobes. Produces single, mauve or white
flowers. Cultivars are suitable for hanging
baskets and windowboxes. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Polka'. Vigorous unique pelargonium.
H 18-20in (45-50cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm).
Flowers are semidouble. Upper petals are
orange-red, blotched, and feathered deep
purple; lower ones are salmon-orange.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Prince of Orange'. Scented-leaved
pelargonium. H 10-12in (25-30cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Small, rounded leaves
smell of orange. Bears single, mauve
flowers. Is good as a pot plant indoors.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Purple Emperor'. Evergreen regal
pelargonium. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Pink-mauve flowers have deeper, central
coloration. Flowers well into fall. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Purple Unique'. Vigorous, evergreen,
upright, shrubby unique pelargonium.

H and S 3ft (lm) or more. Rounded, large-
lobed leaves are very aromatic. Has single,
open trumpet-shaped, light purple flowers.
Does well when trained against a sunny
wall. Z12-15 H12-1.

P Regalia Series. Evergreen, bushy,
single-flowered regal pelargonium. H and
S 12-15in (30-38cm). Has clusters of prolific
flowers in pink, deep purple, red, lilac or
salmon, all with darker marks in throats.
'Regalia Chocolate' (illus. p.309) is
crimson with deep purplish-red marks.
Hll-1.

P 'Rica'. Bushy, single-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 12-15in (30-38cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Flowers are deep rose-pink,
with large, white eye. Is good in a
windowbox or as a greenhouse container
plant. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Robe'. Vigorous, semidouble-flowered
zonal pelargonium. H 15-18in (38-45cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears cerise-crimson
flowers. Is suitable as a container plant in
a greenhouse, or as a bedding plant, and
is good for exhibition. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Rollisson's Unique'. Evergreen,
shrubby unique pelargonium. H 24in
(60cm) or more, S 12in (30cm). Has oval,
notched, pungent leaves and small, single,
open trumpet-shaped, wine-red flowers,
with purple veins. Z12-15 HI2-1.

P 'Rouletta'. Vigorous, evergreen,
trailing ivy-leaved pelargonium. H and
S 2—3ft (60cm-lm). Bears semidouble, red-
and-white flowers. To control shape, pinch
out growing tips regularly. Z12-15 HI2-1.

P 'Royal Oak'. Evergreen, bushy,
compact scented-leaved pelargonium.

H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Oaklike,
slightly sticky, dark green leaves have spicy
fragrance and central, brown markings.
Flowers are small and mauve-pink. Z12-15
H12-1.

P 'Schone Helena'. Evergreen,
semidouble-flowered zonal pelargonium.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 9in (23cm).

Produces masses of large, salmon-pink
flowers. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Splendide'. Slow-growing, short¬
branching pelargonium. H 10-12in
(25-30cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Butterfly¬
shaped flowers are borne singly or in
clusters. Dark red upper petals have black
spot at base; lower petals are white,
sometimes stained red.

P Sprinter Series. Group of slow-
growing, evergreen, branching, bushy,
single-flowered zonal pelargoniums,
grown as annuals. H and S 12-24in
(30-60cm). Has rounded, lobed, light
to mid-green leaves. Bears large, domed
flower heads in shades of red. Is very free-
flowering. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Tavira'. Evergreen, trailing, brittle-
jointed pelargonium. H and S 12-16in
(30-40cm). Has fleshy leaves, with pointed
lobes, and single, soft cerise-red flowers.

Is suitable for growing in a hanging basket
or windowbox. Z12-15 HI2-1.

P 'The Boar'. Evergreen, trailing
pelargonium. H and S to 24in (60cm).

Has 5-lobed, notched, mid-green leaves
with dark brown center. Produces long¬
stemmed, single, salmon-pink flowers. Is
useful for a hanging basket. Z12-15 H12-1.
P 'Timothy Clifford'. Evergreen, short-
jointed, semidouble-flowered zonal
pelargonium. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 4in
(10cm). Has dark green leaves and fully
double, salmon-pink flowers. Is suitable for
a windowsill. Z12-15 H12-1.

P 'Tip Top Duet', illus. p.309. Evergreen,
bushy, free-branching regal pelargonium.

H 12-15in (30-38cm), S lOin (25cm). Leaves
and blooms are small for regal type. Bears
pink-veined, white flowers; uppermost
petals have dark burgundy blotches. Hll-1.
P tomentosum (Peppermint geranium).
Evergreen, bushy scented-leaved
pelargonium. H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 36in
(lm). Large, rounded, shallowly lobed,
velvety, gray-green leaves have strong

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PELIOSANTHES

peppermint aroma. Bears clusters of small,
white flowers. Pinch out growing tips, to
control spread. Dislikes full sun. Z12-15
H12-1.

P. Video Series. Group of slow-growing,
evergreen, branching, bushy single-
flowered zonal pelargoniums, grown as
annuals. H and S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has
rounded, lobed, bronze-zoned, deep green
leaves and large, domed, single flower
heads in white and shades of pink or red.
Z12-15 H12-1.

P. ■'Voodoo', illus. p.309. Unique
pelargonium. H 20-24in (50-60cm), S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Flowers are single and pale
burgundy with purple-black blaze on each
petal. Is suitable as a greenhouse container
plant. HI 1-1.

PELIOSANTHES

CONVALLARIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their foliage and
delicate flowers. Needs partial or full shade
and fertile, moist but well-drained, acidic
soil. Propagate by divisions of the rhizome
in spring or by seed in fall.

P. arisanensis, illus. p.472.

PELLAEA

adTantaceae/pteridaceae

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns. Needs partial shade and
moist but well-drained, gritty soil. Remove
fading fronds regularly. Propagate by
spores in summer.

P. atropurpurea (Purple rock brake.
Purple-stemmed cliff brake).

Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and
S 12in (30cm). Small, narrowly lance¬
shaped, divided fronds have oblong, blunt
pinnae and are dark green with purplish
tinge. Z8-10 H10-8.

P. rotundifolia (Button fern). Evergreen
fern. H and S 6in (15cm). Small, narrowly
lance-shaped, divided fronds are dark green
and have rounded pinnae. Z8-10 H10-8.

Pellionia daveauana. See Elatostema
repens.

Pellionia repens. See Elatostema repens.

PELTANDRA

Arrow arum

ARACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their white flower
spathes. Needs full sun and wet soil.
Propagate by division of the rhizome
when dormant or by seed in spring.

P undulata. See P. virginica.

P. virginica, syn. P. undulata , illus. p.443.

Peltiphyllum. See Darmera.

PENNISETUM

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

P alopecuroides , syn. P. compressum
(Fountain grass). Tuft-forming, herbaceous,
perennial grass. H 3ft (lm), S lVzft (45cm).
Has narrow, mid-green leaves; leaf sheaths
have hairy tip. In late summer bears
656 arching, cylindrical panicles, with purple
_ bristles, that last well into winter. Z6-9 H9-6.

P compressum. See P. alopecuroides.

P. 'Fairy Tails' (Fairy Tails). Clump¬
forming, herebaceous, perennial grass.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 24in (60cm). Has long,
bottlebrush-like panicles of beige spikelets,
with pinkish bristles, borne in late summer
above slender, mid-green leaves.

P glaucum 'Purple Majesty', illus.
p.311.

P. longistylum. See P. villosum.

P. ruepellii. See P. setaceum.

P. setaceum, syn. P. ruepellii (Fountain
grass). Tuft-forming, herbaceous, perennial
grass. H 3ft (lm), S lVaft (45cm). Has very
rough, mid-green leaves and stems. In
summer bears dense, cylindrical panicles of
copper-red spikelets, with bearded bristles,
that last well into winter. Z8-11 H12-8.
'Rubrum', illus. p.312.

P villosum, syn. P. longistylum, illus.

p.286.

PENSTEMON

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials, subshrubs
and shrubs, most of which are
semievergreen or evergreen. Prefers full
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall or spring or by
softwood or semiripe cuttings of non¬
flowering shoots in mid-summer, cultivars
by cuttings only. See also feature panel
pp.236-7.

P 'Alice Hindley', illus. p.236. Large-
leaved, semievergreen perennial. H 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears tubular to
bell-shaped, pale lilac-blue flowers, white
inside, tinged mauve-pink outside, from
mid-summer to early or mid-fall. Leaves
are linear to lance-shaped and mid-green.
Z7-10 H10-7.

P. 'Andenken an Friedrich Hahn',

syn. P. 'Garnet', illus. p.237. Vigorous,
semievergreen, bushy perennial. H 2-272ft
(60-75cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears sprays of
tubular, deep wine-red flowers from mid¬
summer to fall. Has narrow, fresh green
leaves. Z7-10 H10-7.

P 'Apple Blossom', illus. p.236.
Semievergreen, bushy perennial. H and
S 24in (60cm). Bears sprays of small,
tubular, pale pink flowers from mid¬
summer onward above narrow, fresh
green leaves. Z7-10 H10-7.

P. 'Barbara Barker'. See P. 'Beech Park'.
P. barbatus, syn. Chelone barbata
(Beardlip penstemon), illus. p.237.
Semievergreen, rosette-forming perennial.

H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). From mid-summer
to early fall bears racemes of slightly
nodding, tubular, 2-lipped, rose-red flowers.
Flower stems arise from rosettes of oblong
to oval, mid-green leaves. Z4-9 H9-2.

P. 'Beech Park', syn. P. 'Barbara Barker',
illus. p.236. Semievergreen perennial.

H and S 24in (60cm). Bears bright pink and
white flowers. Leaves are linear and light
green. Z7-11 H12-3.

P 'Blackbird'. Vigorous, semievergreen
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 18in (45cm).
Produces willowy, purplish-red stems
clothed in long, lance-shaped, dark green
leaves and racemes of deep red-purple
flowers, with throats densely streaked deep
red, from mid-summer to fall.

P. Burford Seedling. See P. 'Burgundy'.
P. 'Burford White'. See P. 'White
Bedder'.

P. 'Burgundy', syn. P. Burford Seedling,
illus. p.237. Robust, semievergreen
perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces purplish-red flowers, with white
throats streaked dark red. Leaves are linear
and light green. Z7-11 HI 1-3.

P. campanulatus, syn. P. pulchellus.
Semievergreen, upright perennial.

H 12-24in (30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Long
racemes of bell-shaped, dark purple, violet
or, occasionally, white flowers are borne in
early summer above lance-shaped, toothed,
mid-green leaves. Z7-10 H12-3.

P. 'Candy Pink'. See P. 'Old Candy Pink'.
P cardwellii. Spreading, sometimes
stem-rooting, evergreen subshrub. H and
S 12-20in (30-50cm). In early summer
produces raceme-like panicles of slender,
tubular to funnel-shaped, deep purple
flowers. Leaves are elliptic, finely toothed
and mid-green. Z6-9 H9-6.

P. 'Cherry' of gardens. See P. 'Cherry
Ripe'.

P. 'Cherry Ripe', syn. P. 'Cherry', illus.
p.237. Semievergreen perennial. H 3V2ft
(1.1m), S l72-2ft (45-60cm). Has lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. From mid¬
summer to fall produces an abundance of
deep rose-red flowers, with golden sheen
and white throats, streaked deep red.

P. 'Chester Scarlet', illus. p.237.
Semievergreen perennial. H and S 36in
(90cm). Large, bright red flowers are borne
above narrowly lance-shaped, light green
leaves. Z7-10 H10-7.

P. confertus. Semievergreen, neat, clump¬
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in
(30cm). Bears spikes of tubular, creamy-
yellow flowers above long, lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves in early summer. Z7-10
H10-7.

P. 'Connie's Pink'. Semievergreen, erect,
much-branched perennial. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 2ft (60cm). Has slender, bright rose-pink
flowers, with deep pink corolla lobes and
red-pencilled, white throats, from early
summer to fall. Pale green leaves are lance¬
shaped to oval.

P. 'Countess of Dalkeith'. Semievergreen,
erect perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Produces large, deep purple flowers, with
pure white throat. Leaves are linear and light
green. Z7-10 H10-7.

P. davidsonii. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 3in (8cm) or occasionally more, S 6in
(15cm) or more. In late spring and early
summer, funnel-shaped, violet to ruby-red
flowers, with protruding lips, develop from
leaf axils. Leaves are small, oval to rounded
and leathery. Trim after flowering. Z5-9
H9-5. var. menziesii, syn. P. menziesii,

H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm), produces
lavender-blue flowers and rounded,
toothed leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

P diffusus. See P. serrulatus.

P. digitalis 'Husker Red', illus. p.236.
Vigorous, semievergreen or deciduous,
basal-rosetted perennial. H 20-30in
(50-75cm), S 12in (30cm). Has stems often
marked reddish-purple bearing inversely
lance-shaped, entire or sparsely toothed,
mid-green leaves that are maroon-red
when young. Produces panicles of tubular
to bell-shaped, pink-tinted, white flowers,
with purple lines inside, in summer. Z3-8
H8-1.

P. 'Ellenbank Amethyst'. Bushy,
semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm),

S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green

leaves. In summer bears racemes of large,
tubular, soft purple flowers, with white
throat, edged with vivid rosy-purple.

P. 'Evelyn', illus. p.233.

P. 'Firebird'. See P. 'Schoenholzeri'.

P. 'Flamingo', illus. p.236. Semievergreen,
open, much-branched perennial. H 36-38in
(90-95cm), S 24in (60cm). From summer
to fall produces white-throated, deep
purplish-pink flowers, the white extending
onto corolla lobes, with a few darker,
reddish-pink pencillings on lower lobes.
Leaves are mid-green, lance-shaped
to oval.

P. fruticosus (Shrubby penstemon).
Evergreen, upright, woody-based
subshrub. H and S 6-12in (15-30cm). Has
lance-shaped to oval, toothed leaves and,
in early summer, funnel-shaped, lipped,
lavender-blue flowers. Is suitable for a rock
garden. Trim back after flowering. Z4-9
H9-1. var. scouleri, syn. P. scouleri has
pale to deep purple flowers, var. scouleri
f. albus, syn. P. scouleri f. albus (illus.
p.236) has white flowers.

P. 'Garnet'. See P. 'Andenken an Friedrich
Hahn'.

P. 'Geoff Hamilton'. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has lance-shaped to oval,
mid-green leaves. Produces large, open,
purple flowers, with white throats and
white-flecked lobes, from early summer
to fall.

P. 'George Home'. Narrow-leaved
perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces small, tubular to bell-shaped,
wine-red flowers, with white throats,
the white extending over lips, from mid¬
summer to early or mid-fall.

P. glaber, illus. p.237. Evergreen, variable
subshrub. H and S 20-30in (50-75cm). In
summer produces clusters of snapdragon¬
like, sky-blue to indigo flowers, with
maroon pencilings in white or pale blue
throats. Lance-shaped to inversely oval
leaves are mid-green. Requires a sunny,
dry site.

P. hartwegii. Semievergreen, erect
perennial. H 24in (60cm) or more, S 12in
(30cm). Bears sprays of slightly pendent,
tubular to bell-shaped, scarlet flowers from
mid- to late summer. Lance-shaped leaves
are mid-green. Z4-9 H9-1.

P. heterophyllus (Foothill penstemon).
Evergreen subshrub. H and S 12-20in
(30-50cm). In summer produces racemes
of tubular to funnel-shaped, pinkish-blue
flowers, with blue or lilac lobes. Leaves
are linear to lance-shaped, entire and mid¬
green or bluish-green. Z7-10 H10-7.
'Heavenly Blue' (illus. p.237), H 2ft (60cm),
S 1ft (30cm), produces tubular, mauve-
tinged, blue flowers from mid-summer
until first frosts. "True Blue' has pale
green leaves and pure blue flowers, borne
on short sideshoots. Trim back after
flowering. Is suitable for a rock garden.

P. 'Hidcote Pink', illus. p.236. Narrow¬
leaved perennial. H 24-30in (60-75cm),

S 18in (45cm). Produces small, tubular, pale
pink flowers, with spreading lobes marked
with crimson lines inside, from mid¬
summer to early or mid-fall.

P. hirsutus. Short-lived, evergreen, open
subshrub. H 2-3ft (60cm-lm), S l-2ft
(30-60cm). In summer produces hairy,
tubular, lipped, purple- or blue-flushed,
white flowers. Leaves are oval and dark

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

green. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z3-9
H9-1. var. pygmaeus, illus. p.361.

P 'Hopleys Variegated', illus. p.237.
Large-leaved, semievergreen perennial.

H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm). Is a sport
of R 'Alice Hindley' with yellow-speckled
leaves.

P. isophyllus, illus. p.153.

P. 'Kilimanjaro'. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 32in (80cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has long, lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves. From summer to fall
produces long racemes of purplish-pink
flowers, with white throats.

P 'King George V', illus. p.237. Narrow¬
leaved perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Bears small, tubular to bell-shaped,
bright deep scarlet flowers, with white
throats, from mid-summer to early or
mid-fall.

P kunthii , illus. p.236. Variable,
woody-based, willowy perennial.

H 3—4ft (90cm-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has
lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves.
From mid-summer to late fall produces
many-flowered racemes of red to maroon-
red flowers, with white streaks in throats.
Requires a sunny, dry site.

P. 'Madame Golding'. Strong-growing,
semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 16-18in (40-45cm). Is similar to P. 'Old
Candy Pink', but has paler pink flowers.

P 'Margery Fish', illus. p.236. Almost
mat-forming, woody-based perennial.

H and S 20in (50cm). Has narrow, shiny,
mid-green leaves. Produces dense spikes
of pale blue to violet-mauve flowers, with
white penciling in throats, in summer-fall.
P 'Maurice Gibbs'. Semievergreen
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears
claret-red flowers, with white throats. Has
lance-shaped, light green leaves. Z9-11
H12-3.

P menziesii. See P. davidsonii var.
menziesii.

P. 'Modesty'. Strong-growing,
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 3ft
(90cm), S 172ft (45cm). Has lance-shaped,
glossy, olive-green leaves. Produces bright
red-pink flowers, with white throats
sparsely penciled purplish-red, in summer-
fall.

P 'Mother of Pearl', illus. p.236.
Narrow-leaved perennial. H to 30in (75cm),
S 18in (45cm). Has small, tubular to bell¬
shaped, pearl-mauve flowers, tinted pink
and white, with white throats and red lines,
from mid-summer to early or mid-fall.

P newberryi (Mountain pride). Evergreen,
mat-forming shrub. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 12in (30cm). Branches are covered in
small, oval, leathery, dark green leaves.
Bears short sprays of tubular, lipped, deep
rose-pink flowers in early summer. Trim
back after flowering. Is good for a rock
garden. Z7-10 H10-7. f. humilior, illus.
p.340.

P. 'Old Candy Pink', syn. P. 'Candy Pink'.
Strong-growing, semievergreen perennial.
H 30in (75cm), S 16-18in (40^5cm). Has
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. Produces
bright crimson flowers, with darker
crimson lines in white throats and small,
rounded, white patches at base of each
lobe, from early summer to mid-fall.

P. 'Osprey', illus. p.236. Vigorous,
semievergreen, open-branched perennial.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance¬
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves. Produces

creamy-white flowers, with spreading,
purplish-pink lobes and white throats,
in summer-fall. As flowers age the pink
coloration deepens and extends into
flower tubes.

P 'Papal Purple', illus. p.237.
Semievergreen, mound-forming perennial.
H 20in (50cm), S 14in (35cm). Has narrowly
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves. In summer
bears small, rather rounded, white-
throated, lilac-purple flowers.

P. 'Penbow'. Semievergreen, bushy,
rather upright perennial. H 36in (90cm),

S 16in (40cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
blue-green leaves. From mid-summer to
fall bears slender racemes of small, tubular,
bright azure-blue flowers.

P 'Pennington Gem'. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 18in
(45cm). Bears sprays of tubular, pink
flowers from mid-summer to fall. Leaves
are narrow and fresh green. Z6-9 H9-6.

P. 'Pensham Just Jayne', illus. p.237.
Robust, semievergreen, bushy perennial.

H 3-4ft (90cm-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has
lance-shaped to oval, deep green leaves.
Produces rich deep cerise-pink flowers,
with faintly white-lined, magenta throats,
from early summer to fall.

P. 'Pensham Petticoat'. Semievergreen,
bushy perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 14in
(35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In summer produces racemes of
large, tubular, rather frilly-looking, white
flowers, edged with rose-pink.

P. 'Pershore Fanfare'. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm),

S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In summer bears racemes of large,
tubular, lavender-blue flowers, with white
throat striped in darker purple.

P pinifolius, illus. p.340. 'Mersea
Yellow' is an evergreen, bushy subshrub,

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S lOin (25cm). Branched
stems are clothed in fine, dark green leaves.
In summer, very narrow, tubular, bright
deep yellow flowers are borne in loose,
terminal spikes.

P. 'Port Wine', illus. p.237. Vigorous,
semievergreen, upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped to
oval, mid- to dark green leaves. Produces
deep claret to deep purple flowers, with
white throats heavily penciled deep claret,
from early summer to fall.

P. procerus. Semievergreen, upright
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 8in (20cm).
Leaves are oblong to lance-shaped.
Produces slim spikes of funnel-shaped,
blue-purple flowers in summer. Is suitable
for a rock garden. Z4-10 H10-1.

P. pulchellus. See P. campanulatus.

P. 'Raven', illus. p.237. Strong-growing,
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 2ft (60cm). Has lance-shaped
to oval, mid- to dark green leaves. Dark
purple-red flowers, with white throats
penciled faint, dark red in tubes,
coalescing into patches of blackish-purple-
red at lobe bases, are produced freely
in summer-fall.

P. 'Red Emperor'. Robust,
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 3ft
(90cm), S 18-20in (45-50cm). Has lance¬
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves and vivid,
bright scarlet flowers, with golden sheen
and white throats streaked and suffused
red, in summer-fall.

P 'Rich Ruby'. Strong-growing,
semievergreen, erect perennial. H 32-39in

(80-100cm), S 24in (60cm). Red-purple
stems bear lance-shaped to oval, dark
green leaves. In summer-fall produces
large, rich, dark red-purple blooms, with
white throats heavily streaked and suffused
dark red, coalescing into dark brown-
purple patch at mouth of each flower tube.
P 'Royal White'. See P. 'White Bedder'.

P 'Rubicundus', illus. p.237.
Semievergreen, erect perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Bears very large, bright
red flowers, with white throat. Leaves are
linear and light green. Z6-9 H9-6.

P rupicola (Rock penstemon). Evergreen,
prostrate shrub. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has rounded to oval, fleshy, blue-gray
leaves and, in summer, variable, funnel-
shaped, pale to deep pink flowers. Is best
grown in a rock garden. Z4-9 H9-1.

P. 'Russian River', illus. p.237. Vigorous,
semievergreen, sturdy, erect perennial.

H 28in (70cm), S 16in (40cm). Purplish
stems bear lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
In summer produces racemes of tubular,
plum-purple flowers, with lavender-purple
throat lined with darker markings.

P 'Schoenholzeri', syn. P. 'Firebird', illus.
p.237. Vigorous, semievergreen, upright
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S l-17zft (30-45cm).
Produces racemes of trumpet-shaped,
brilliant scarlet flowers from mid-summer
to fall. Lance-shaped to narrowly oval
leaves are mid-green. Z6-9 H9-6.

P scouleri. See P. fruticosus var. scouleri.
f. albus. See P. fruticosus var. scouleri
f. albus.

P. serrulatus , syn. P. diffusus, illus. p.341.
P 'Six Hills'. Evergreen, prostrate shrub.
H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has rounded,
fleshy, gray-green leaves. In summer bears
funnel-shaped, cool lilac flowers at stem
tips. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z4-10
H10-1.

P 'Snow Storm'. See P. 'White Bedder'.

P 'Sour Grapes', illus. p.237.
Semievergreen perennial. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm). Light green leaves are
narrowly lance-shaped. Bears deep purple-
blue flowers suffused violet. Z7-10 H10-7.

P 'Southgate Gem'. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 30in (75cm),

S 18in (45cm). Has lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. Produces an abundance of
bright rose-red flowers, with white throats
sparsely penciled crimson, in summer-fall.
P 'Stapleford Gem', illus. p.236.
Semievergreen, large-leaved perennial.

H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears large,
tubular to bell-shaped, lilac-purple flowers
from mid-summer to early or mid-fall;
upper lips are pale pink-lilac; lower lips and
throats are white with purple lines. Leaves
are linear to lance-shaped and mid-green.
Z6-9 H9-6.

P 'Stromboli', illus. p.236. Vigorous,
semievergreen perennial. H 2—3ft
(60-90cm), S l72-2ft (45-60cm). Produces
pale creamy-white flowers, with purplish-
pink lobes and faintly purple-pink-streaked,
white throats, in summer-fall. Mid-green
leaves are lance-shaped to oval.

P 'The Juggler', illus. p.236.
Semievergreen, erect perennial. H 372ft
(110cm), S 172-2ft (45-60cm). Produces
white-throated, magenta flowers in
summer-fall.

P 'Torquay Gem'. Semievergreen,
woody-based perennial. H 2ft (60cm),

S 12-16in (30-40cm). Has long, lance¬

PEPEROMIA

shaped, light green leaves. Produces
deep rose-red flowers, with a few carmine
lines in white throats, in summer-fall.

P whippleanus (Whipple's penstemon),
illus. p.237. Semievergreen, erect, basal-
rosetted perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft
(30cm). Has rounded basal leaves and
slender stems bearing lance-shaped,
glossy, pale green leaves. In summer,
pendent, tubular, dark purple flowers,
with cream-marked throats, are borne
in clusters around raceme. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'White Redder', syn. P. 'Burford
White', P. 'Royal White', P. 'Snow Storm',
illus. p.236. Semievergreen, free-flowering
perennial. H 28in (70cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
white flowers with dark anthers, and linear,
fresh green leaves. Z7-10 H10-7.

PENTACHONDRA

EPACRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spreading shrubs,
grown for their heather-like leaves. Needs
sun and moist, gritty, peaty soil. Is difficult to
grow, especially in hot, dry areas. Propagate
by rooted offsets in spring, by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

P. pumila. Evergreen, mat-forming, dense
shrub. H l74-4in (3-10cm), S 8in (20cm) or
more. Has oblong to narrowly oval,
purplish-green leaves. Small, tubular, white
flowers, with reflexed lobes, in early
summer, are followed, though rarely in
cultivation, by small, spherical, orange
fruits. Z7-10 H10-7.

Pentapterygium. See Agapetes.

PENTAS p

RUBIACEAE

Genus of mainly evergreen perennials and
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs full
light or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. May
be hard-pruned in winter. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in spring. Is prone to whitefly.

P. carnea. See P. lanceolata.

P. lanceolata , syn. P. carnea , illus. p.300.

PEPEROMIA

PIPERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and evergreen
perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs
full light or partial shade, ideally in a peat-
based medium. Do not overwater.

Propagate by division, by seed or by leaf
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

P. argyreia, syn. P. sandersii (Watermelon
peperomia). Evergreen, bushy, compact
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has red-
stalked, oval, fleshy, dark green leaves, to
4in (10cm) or more long, striped with broad
bands of silver. Flowers are insignificant.

Z14-15 H12-10.

P. caperata , illus. p.465.

P clusiifolia (Red-edge peperomia).

Evergreen perennial with branching,
sometimes prostrate, reddish-green stems.

H to 8in (20cm), S lOin (25cm). Narrowly

oval, fleshy, dark green leaves, 3-6in

(8-15cm) long, have red edges. Flowers are

insignificant. Z14-15 H12-10. 'Variegata'

has cream-variegated, mid-green leaves,

with red margins. 657

P. glabella , illus. p.474.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PERESKIA

P. griseoargentea, syn. P. hederifolia
(Ivy-leaf peperomia). Evergreen, bushy
perennial. H to 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm).
Oval, fleshy leaves, 2in (5cm) or more long,
have heart-shaped base, quilted green
surface and silvery sheen. Flowers are
insignificant. Z14-15 H12-10.

P. hederifolia. See P. griseoargentea.

P. magnoliifolia. See P. obtusifolia.

P. marmorata , illus. p.474.

P. metallica (Red tree). Evergreen
perennial with erect, branching, reddish-
green stems. H and S to 6in (15cm).
Narrowly oval, dark green leaves, to lin
(2.5cm) long, have metallic sheen and wide,
pale midribs above, reddish-green veins
below. Flowers are insignificant. Z14-15
H12-10.

P nummulariifolia. See P. rotundifolia.

P. obtusifolia, syn. P. magnoliifolia (Baby
rubber plant. Pepper face). Evergreen
perennial. H and S lOin (25cm). Has
leathery, dull green leaves. Bears spikes
of white flowers, generally in late summer.
Z14-15 H12-10. 'Green and Gold' has
green leaves with golden-yellow margins.
'Variegata', illus. p.474.

P rotundifolia, syn. P. nummulariifolia
(Yerba linda). Evergreen, creeping
perennial. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 12in (30cm)
or more. Very slender stems produce tiny,
rounded, fleshy, bright green leaves,

V 2 in (1cm) wide. Flowers are insignificant.
Is useful for a hanging basket. Z14-15
H12-10.

P rubella. Evergreen perennial with
erect, branching, red stems. H and S 6in
(15cm). Narrowly oval, fleshy, dark green
leaves, V 2 in (1cm) long, crimson below, are
in whorls of 4. Flowers are insignificant.

Z14-15 H12-10.

P. sandersii. See P. argyreia.

P. scandens (False philodendron).
Evergreen, climbing or trailing perennial
with pinkish-green stems. H and S to 3ft
(lm). Oval, pointed, fleshy leaves, to 2in
(5cm) or more long, are waxy and bright
green. Flowers are insignificant. Z14-15
H12-10.

PERESKIA

CACTACEAE

Genus of deciduous cacti, some of which
are climbing, with fleshy leaves and woody,
green, then brown stems. Is considered
the most primitive genus of the Cactaceae,
producing true leaves unlike most
members of the family. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Water moderately in
summer. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

P acuieata, illus. p.479. var.
godseffiana. See P. acuieata 'Godseffiana'.
'Godseffiana', syn. P. acuieata var.
godseffiana is a fast-growing, deciduous,
erect, then climbing cactus. H to 30ft (10m),
S 15ft (5m). Broadly oval, slightly fleshy,
orange-brown leaves, 31/2in (9cm) long,
usually purplish beneath, mature to glossy
green. Short flower stems, bearing
roselike, single, orange-centered, cream
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are produced in
fall only on plants more than 3ft (lm) high.
Cut back hard to main stems in fall. Z12-15

658

H12-10.

P grandifolia, syn. Rhodocactus
grandifolius, illus. p.485.

PERICALLIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and subshrubs,
sometimes grown as annuals, especially for
their daisylike flower heads. Requires sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed from spring to mid¬
summer.

P x hybrida, syn. Cineraria cruentus.
Cineraria x hybridus, Senecio x hybridus
(Florists' cineraria). Slow-growing,
evergreen, mound- or dome-shaped
perennial. H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 10-24in
(25-60cm). Has oval, serrated, mid- to deep
green leaves. Large, daisylike, single,
semidouble or double flower heads, in
shades of blue, red, pink or white,
sometimes bicolored, are produced in
winter or spring. Cultivars are grown as
biennials. Z12-13 H7-1. 'Brilliant' has
large flower heads in mixture of white,
blue, deep red, copper and rose-pink, and
bicolors. 'Royalty' is late-flowering, with
flower heads in sky-blue, cherry-red, lilac
with white eye, and bicolors. 'Spring
Glory' has flowers in mixture of colors in
spring. 'Star Wars', H 6in (15cm), S 8in
(20cm), is compact, with flower heads in
mixture of white, blue, rose-pink, carmine-
red and purple; is ideal for a small container.
P Senetti Series Senetti Blue Bicolor
('Sunseneribuba'), illus. p.314.

PERILLA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their foliage.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Pinch out growing tips of young plants to
encourage a bushy habit. Propagate by
seed sown under glass in early spring.

P frutescens (Shiso). Moderately fast¬
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
aromatic, reddish-purple leaves. In summer
produces spikes of very small, tubular,
white flowers. H12-1.

P 'Magilla Vanilla', illus. p.318.

PERIPLOCA

ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, twining
climbers, grown for their leaves. Stems
exude milky juice if cut. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
® The fruits and sap may cause stomach
upset if ingested.

P graeca (Silk vine). Deciduous, twining
climber. H to 28ft (9m). Oval, glossy leaves
are l-2in (2.5-5cm) long. In summer has
clusters of 8-12 greenish-yellow flowers,
purplish-brown inside, with 5 lobes. Scent
of flowers is thought by some to be
unpleasant. Pairs of narrowly cylindrical
seed pods, 5in (12cm) long, contain winged,
tufted seeds. Z6-8 H8-6.

PERISTROPHE

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of mainly evergreen perennials and
subshrubs, grown usually for their flowers.
Needs sun or partial shade and well-
drained soil. Do not over-water plants
in winter. Propagate by stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

P. angustifolia. See P. hyssopifolia.

P. hyssopifolia, syn. P. angustifolia.
Evergreen, bushy perennial. H to 2ft
(60cm), S 3-4ft (1-1.2m). Broadly lance¬
shaped leaves, 3in (8cm) long, have long-
pointed tips. Small clusters of tubular, deep
rose-pink flowers are borne in winter.
'Aureovariegata', illus. p.476.

Pernettya mucronata. See Gaultheria
mucronata.

Pernettya prostrata. See Gaultheria
myrsinoides.

Pernettya pumila. See Gaultheria pumila.

Pernettya tasmanica. See Gaultheria
tasmanica.

PEROVSKIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous subshrubs, grown for
their aromatic, gray-green foliage and blue
flowers. Requires full sun and very well-
drained soil. Cut plants back hard, almost
to base, in spring, as new growth starts.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in late
spring.

P. atriplicifolia (Russian sage). Deciduous,
upright subshrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).
Gray-white stems bear narrowly oval,
coarsely toothed leaves. Produces 2-lipped,
violet-blue flowers in long, slender spikes,
from late summer to mid-fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

P 'Blue Spire', illus. p.159.

P. 'Hybrida'. Deciduous, upright subshrub.
H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm). Has oval, deeply
lobed and toothed leaves and, from late
summer to mid-fall, tall spires of 2-lipped,
deep lavender-blue flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

PERSICARIA

Fleeceflower, Knotweed

POLYGONACEAE

Genus of annuals, sometimes invasive
perennials and rarely evergreen,
semievergreen or deciduous subshrubs,
grown for their fall leaf color. Has spikes
or panicles of small, usually long-lasting,
white, pink or red flowers. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by
seed in spring, divide perennials in spring
or fall. ® Contact with all parts may
irritate skin; the sap may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

P. affinis, syn. Polygonum affine
(Himalayan knotweed). Evergreen, mat¬
forming perennial. H 6-12in (15-30cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more. Sturdy stems bear
small, lance-shaped, glossy, green leaves
that turn red-bronze in winter. From mid¬
summer to mid-fall produces dense spikes
of small, funnel-shaped, rose-red flowers,
fading to pale pink. Is good on a bank or
in a rock garden. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Darjeeling
Red', H 8-10in (20-25cm), has long spikes
of deep red flowers. 'Donald Lowndes',
illus. p.365. 'Superba' (illus. p.234) is
vigorous and has pale pink flowers,
becoming deep pinkish-red, with red
calyces; leaves turn rich brown in fall.

P amplexicaulis, syn. Polygonum
amplexicaule (Bistort, Mountain fleece).
Clump-forming, leafy perennial. H and
S 4ft (1.2m). Bears profuse spikes of small,
rich red flowers in summer-fall. Has
oval to heart-shaped, mid-green leaves.
Z3-8 H8-1. 'Alba', H 36in (90cm), S 48in
(120cm), has showy spikes of white
flowers. 'Firetail' (illus. p.234), H to 3-4ft

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

(1-1.2m), S to 24in (60cm), bears slender
spikes of bright red flowers above heart-
shaped leaves in summer-fall. Taurus
('Blotau'), H to 32in (80cm), S to 36in
(100cm), bears bright crimson-red
flowers; is reputed to be less spreading
than many other selections.

P. bistorta, syn. Polygonum bistorta
(Bistort, Snakeweed). 'Superba' (illus.
p.234) is a vigorous, clump-forming
perennial. H 24-40in (60-75cm), S to 24in
(60cm). Produces spikes of soft pink
flowers above oval leaves in summer.

Z4-8 H8-1.

P. campanulata, syn. Polygonum
campanulatum, illus. p.234. Compact,
mat-forming perennial. H and S 3ft
(lm). Bears branching heads of bell¬
shaped, pink or white flowers from mid¬
summer to early fall. Has oval leaves,
brown-felted beneath. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Rosenrot' (illus. p.234), H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm), has reddish-pink flowers in
summer.

P capitata, syn. Polygonum capitatum.
Compact, spreading perennial. H 2in
(5cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Small, oval
leaves are green with darker marks.

Small, spherical heads of pink flowers
are borne in summer. Is suitable for a
rock garden or bank. Z8-9 H9-8.

P macrophylla, syn. P. sphaerostachya,
Polygonum macrophyllum, Polygonum
sphaerostachyum, illus. p.265.

P microcephala. Spreading, leafy,
rhizomatous perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
(lm) or more. Has lance-shaped, reddish-
green leaves, with darker zonal markings.
Branching stems bear small, rounded
heads of minute, white flowers in summer.
'Red Dragon' (illus. p.234), H 28in (70cm),
has deep red leaves, marked with silvery
chevron. Leaves develop greenish tints as
they age.

P milletii, syn. Polygonum milletii.
Compact perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).
Produces slender spikes of rich crimson
flowers from mid-summer to early fall.
Narrowly lance-shaped leaves are mid¬
green. Z5-8 H8-5.

P polymorpha, illus. p.234. Clump¬
forming, leafy perennial. H and S 6ft (2m)
or more. Sturdy, branching stems bear
large, elliptic-lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In mid-summer produces frothy,
terminal heads of tiny, long-lasting,
creamy-white flowers.

P sphaerostachya. See P. macrophylla.

P. vacciniifolia, syn. Polygonum
vacciniifolium, illus. p.373.

P virginiana. Rather variable, clump¬
forming perennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S to 2ft
(60cm). Oval, pale green leaves have
brownish-mauve blotches, brightest in
spring. In late summer produces spikes
of insignificant, green flowers. Z5-9 H9-5.
'Batwings', H and S to 32in (80cm), has
narrrowly oval leaves with dark red
chevron mark. 'Lance Corporal' (illus.
p.234), H and S to 32in (80cm), has a rich
brown chevron mark on each leaf.
'Painter's Palette', syn. Tovara virginiana
'Painter's Palette', Polygonum virginianum
'Painter's Palette' (illus. p.234) has green
leaves with central, brown zones, ivory-
yellow splashes and stripes and an overall
deep pink tinge. Seldom flowers in
cultivation.

PETASITES

Butterbur, Sweet coltsfoot
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of invasive perennials, grown for
their usually large leaves and useful as
groundcover. Needs partial or full shade
and prefers moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall.

B fragrans (Winter heliotrope).
Spreading, invasive perennial. H 9-12in
(23-30cm), S 4ft (1.2m). Has rounded to
heart-shaped, dark green leaves. Small,
vanilla-scented, daisylike, pinkish-white
flower heads are produced in late winter
before foliage. Z7-9 H9-7.

P. japonicus (Fuki). Spreading, invasive
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). In
early spring produces dense cones of
small, daisylike, yellowish-white flowers
before large, light green leaves emerge.
Z5-9 H9-5.

PETCHOA

SOLANACEAE ~

Hybrid genus ( Calibrachoa x Petunia )
of trailing, evergreen perennials, grown
as annuals for their colorful flowers.

Is suitable for hanging baskets and
containers. Needs sun and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by cuttings.

P. Supercal Series Supercal Neon Rose
('Kakegawa S89'), illus. p.303.

PETREA

VERBENACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody-
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
their flowers. Needs full light and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water regularly when
in full growth, less at other times. Provide
support. Thin out and spur back crowded
growth in spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Mealy bug and
whitefly may cause problems.

P. volubilis , illus. p.463.

PETROCOSMEA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials. Needs partial shade and well-
drained, peaty soil. Propagate by seed in
early spring or by leaf cuttings in early
summer.

P. kerrii, illus. p.361.

Petrophyton. See Petrophytum.

PETROPHYTUM

syn. PETROPHYTON
Rock spirea

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their spikes of small,
fluffy flowers. Is good for growing on
tufa or in alpine houses. Needs sun
and gritty, well-drained, alkaline soil.

May be difficult to grow. Propagate by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall. Aphids and red spider
mite may be troublesome in hot weather.
P caespitosum. Evergreen, mat-forming
shrub. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Has clusters of small, spoon-shaped, silky-
hairy, bluish-green leaves. Flower stems.

Win (2cm) long, bear conical spike of
small, fluffy, white flowers, with prominent
stamens, in summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

P hendersonii. Evergreen, mound¬
forming shrub. H 2-4in (5-10cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has branched stems covered in
hairy, rounded, blue-green leaves. Conical
spikes of small, cup-shaped, fluffy, white
to creamy flowers are produced on stems,
lin (2.5cm) long, in summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

PETRORHAGIA

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
for their flowers. Is suitable for rock
gardens and banks. Prefers sun and well-
drained, sandy soil. Propagate by seed in
fall. Self-seeds readily.

P saxifraga, syn. Tunica saxifraga, illus.
p.361. ''Rosette' is a mat-forming
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has
tufts of grasslike leaves. In summer, slender
stems bear a profusion of cup-shaped,
double, white to pale pink flowers,
sometimes veined deeper pink.

PETTERIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its flowers. Is related to
Laburnum , differing in its erect racemes.
Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall. ® The seeds
may cause stomach upset if ingested.

P. ramentacea (Dalmatian laburnum).
Deciduous, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3ft
(lm). Has dense, upright spikes of fragrant,
laburnum-like, yellow flowers in late spring
and early summer. Mid-green leaves have 3
oval leaflets.

PETUNIA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, wholly
grown as annuals, with showy, colorful
flowers. Needs a sunny, sheltered position
and fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead
regularly. Propagate by seed sown under
glass in fall or mid-spring. May suffer from
viruses, including cucumber mosaic and
tomato spotted wilt.

The many cultivars that have been
produced are moderately fast-growing,
branching, bushy plants, H 6-12in (15-30cm),
S 12in (30cm), with oval, mid- to deep green
leaves, usually 2-5in (5-12cm) long. In
summer-fall, they produce flared,
trumpet-shaped, single or double flowers in
a wide range of colors (available in mixtures
or singly), including blue, violet, purple, red,
pink and white. Some have dark veining,
central white stars, halos (throats in
contrasting colors), or picotee margins.
Petunias are generally hardy in Zll H12-1.

The cultivars are divided into 2 groups,
Grandiflora and Multiflora petunias.

Grandiflora petunias have very large
flowers, 3-4in (8-10cm) wide, but they are
easily damaged by rain and are best grown
in sheltered hanging baskets and pots.

Multiflora petunias are bushier than
the Grandiflora petunias, and produce
smaller flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, in greater
quantity. They tend to be more resistant to
rain damage, and are excellent for summer
bedding or for a mixed border.

P. Aladdin Series. Grandiflora petunia.

H to 12in (30cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm). Has
flowers in a range of colors, including
strong shades of red and salmon-pink.
Z9-11 H12-1.

P. Carpet Series. Multiflora petunia.

H 8-10in (20-25cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Bears flowers in color range that includes
strong reds and oranges. Z8-11 HI2-1.

P. Cascade Series. Grandiflora petunia.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Trailing stems produce flowers in wide
range of colors.

P 'Cherry Tart'. Multiflora petunia.

H 6-12in (5-30cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm).
Bears double, deep pink-and-white flowers.
P 'Colour Parade'. Grandiflora petunia.
H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Has wide color range of flowers with
ruffled petals.

P Daddy Series. Grandiflora petunia.

H 14in (35cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm). Bear
large, heavily veined flowers in pastel to
deep pink, salmon-pink, purple or
lavender-blue. Daddy Series 'Sugar
Daddy', illus. p.312.

P Flash Series. Compact, Grandiflora
petunia. H 9-16in (23-40cm), S 12-36in
(30-90cm). Produce flowers in range of
bright colors, including bicolors.

P 'Gypsy'. Multiflora petunia. H 6-12in
(5-30cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm). Has salmon-
red flowers.

P Jamboree Series. Multiflora petunia.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Produce pendulous stems bearing flowers
in range of colors.

P. 'KeiyeuT. See P. Surfinia Series
Surfinia Lime.

P. 'Kerpril'. See P. Tumbelina Series
Priscilla.

P 'Magic Cherry'. Compact, Grandiflora
petunia. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12-24in
(30-60cm). Has cherry-red flowers.

P 'Mirage Velvet'. Multiflora petunia,
illus. p.308.

P Pearl Series. Dwarf, Multiflora
petunia. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8-20in
(20-50cm). Bear small flowers in wide
range of colors.

P Picotee Series. Grandiflora petunia.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in (30cm). Have
flared, somewhat trumpet-shaped, red
flowers, edged with white. Z9-11 H12-1.

P Picotee Ruffled Series. Multiflora
petunia. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12-36in
(30-90cm). Bear ruffled flowers, edged
with white, in range of colors.

P Plum Crazy Series. Multiflora
petunia. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12-36in
(30-90cm). Produce flowers with
contrasting veins and throats. Colors
available include white, with yellow throat
and veins, and shades of violet, pink and
magenta, all with darker throats and veins.
P Primetime Series. Multiflora petunia.
H to 14in (35cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm). Bear
flowers in very wide range of colors,
including white, blue, pink or red, some
with dark veins or central stars, or picotee
margin. Z9-11 H12-1.

P 'Razzle Dazzle'. Grandiflora petunia.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 12-36in (30-90cm).
Has flowers in various colors, striped with
white.

P. Recoverer Series. Grandiflora
petunia. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in (30cm).
Have large, flared, trumpet-shaped, white
flowers. Z9-11 H12-1.

PHALAENOPSIS

P. 'Red Satin'. Multiflora petunia.

H 6-12in (5-30cm), S 12-24in (30-60cm).
Has brilliant scarlet flowers.

P Resisto Series. Multiflora petunia.

H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 12in (30cm). Have
intense blue and rose-pink flowers. Z9-11
H12-1.

P 'Sunsolos'. See P. Surfinia Series
Surfinia Blue Vein.

P. Surfinia Series Surfinia Blue Vein
('Sunsolos') illus. p.311. Surfinia Series
Surfinia Lime ('Keiyeul'), illus. p.316.
'Surfinia Purple' is a vigorous
Grandiflora petunia. H 9-16in (23-40cm),

S 12-36in (30-90cm). Bears masses of
magenta flowers with purple veining.

Has good wet-weather tolerance.

P Tumbelina Series Priscilla
('Kerpril'), illus. p.311.

P WonderWave Series 'Wave Purple'.
Very vigorous, trailing or spreading
Multiflora petunia. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 3ft
(lm). Has prolific, single, vibrant magenta
flowers.

PHACELIA

HYDROPHYLLACEAE/BORAGINACEAiT

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Tall
species may need support. Propagate by
seed in spring or early fall. ® Contact with
foliage may aggravate skin allergies.

P. campanularia , illus. p.314.

P tanacetifolia (Fiddleneck). Moderately
fast-growing, upright annual. H 24in (60cm)
or more, S 12in (30cm). Has feathery, deep
green leaves. In summer bears spikes of bell¬
shaped, lavender-blue flowers. Z5-10 H9-1.

PHAEDRANASSA

Queen lily
AMARYLL1DACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their tubular,
often pendent flowers. Needs full sun or
partial shade and fairly rich, well-drained
soil. Feed with high-potash fertilizer in
summer. Reduce watering in winter.
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring.

P carmioli , illus. p.410.

Phaedranthus buccinatorius. See

Distictis buccinatoria.

Phaiophleps biflora. See Olsynium
biflorum.

PHAIUS

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

P tankervilleae (Nun orchid), illus. p.467.
Semievergreen, terrestrial orchid. H 30in
(75cm). Tall spikes of flowers, 3Van (9cm)
across, brown within, silvery-gray outside
and with long, red-marked, pink lips, are
produced in early summer. Has broadly
oval, ribbed leaves, 24in (60cm) long.
Provide partial shade in summer. HI 1-6.

PHALAENOPSIS

Moth orchid

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

P Allegria. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for
a warm greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Produces
sprays of white flowers, to 5in (12cm) across;
flowering season varies. Broadly oval, fleshy

659

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PHALARIS

leaves are 6in (15cm) long. Needs shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

P. cornu-cervi. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 6in
(15cm). Yellowish-green flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, with brown marks, are borne
successively, either singly or in pairs, in
summer. Has broadly oval leaves, 4in
(10cm) long. Needs shade in summer.
Z14-15 H12-6.

P. Lady Pink Lips gx, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a warm
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Tall, pendent
spikes of pink flowers, 3Vzin (9cm) across,
are borne at varying times of year. Broadly
oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Requires
shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

P. Lundy gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a warm greenhouse.

H 6in (15cm). Has sprays of red-striped,
yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering
season varies. Broadly oval leaves are
9in (23cm) long. Needs shade in summer.

Z14-15 H12-6.

PHALARIS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS RUSHES
and SEDGES.

P. arundinacea var. picta, syn.

P. arundinacea 'Picta' (Gardeners' garters).
Evergreen, spreading, perennial grass.

H 3ft (lm), S indefinite. Has broad, white-
striped leaves and produces narrow
panicles of spikelets in summer. Z4-9 H9-1.
'Picta'. See P. arundinacea var. picta.

Phanerophlebia fortunei. See

Cyrtomium fortunei.

Phaseolus caracalla. See Vigna caracalla.
Phedimus aizoon. See Sedum aizoon.
Phedimus kamtschaticus. See Sedum
kamtschaticum.

Phedimus spurius. See Sedum spurium.

PHECOPTERIS

Beech fern

THELYPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous ferns. Grow in partial
shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
spores in summer.

P. connectilis, syn. Thelypteris phegopteris
(Narrow beech fern). Deciduous fern. H 9in
(23cm), S 12in (30cm). Broadly lance-shaped,
mid-green fronds, each consisting of tiny,
triangular pinnae on wiry stalks, arise from
creeping rootstock. Is useful for
groundcover. Z4-6 H6-1.

PHELLODENDRON

Cork tree

RUTACEAE

660

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage, which colors well in fall. Male and
female flowers are produced on different
plants. Young growth is susceptible to
damage by late frosts. Needs full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Does best in hot
summers. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer, by seed in fall or by root
cuttings in late winter.

P. amurense (Amur cork tree). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 50ft (15m).
Has corky, dark bark when old. Aromatic,
glossy, dark green leaves, with 5-11 oblong
leaflets, turn yellow in fall. Tiny, green

flowers, in early summer, are followed by
small, rounded, black fruits. Z4-7 H8-5.

P. chinense, illus. p.75.

Phemeranthus sediformis. See

Talinum okanoganense.

PHILADELPHUS

Mock orange

HYDRANGEACEAE/PHILADELPHACEAE

Genus of deciduous, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their usually
fragrant flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. After flowering, cut some older
shoots back to young growths, leaving
young shoots to flower the following year.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer.
May become infested with aphids.

P 'Beauclerk', illus. p.127.

P. 'Belle Etoile', illus. p.128.

P. 'Boule d'Argent', illus. p.128.

P coronarius (Mock orange). 'Aureus'
is a deciduous, upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Clusters of very fragrant,
4-petaled, creamy-white flowers are
produced in late spring and early summer.
Oval, golden-yellow, young leaves turn
yellow-green in summer. Protect from full
sun. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Variegatus', illus. p.131.
P. 'Dame Blanche', illus. p.129.

P delavayi. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Dense clusters of
very fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers,
with sometimes purple-flushed, green
sepals, open from early to mid-summer.
Leaves are dark green, oval and toothed.
Z6-9 H9-6. f. melanocalyx, syn.

P. purpurascens, illus. p.131.

P 'Lemoinei', syn. P. xlemoinei, illus. p.129.
P magdalenae. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 12ft (4m). Bark peels on older
shoots. Narrowly oval, dark green leaves
set off fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers in
late spring and early summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. 'Manteau d'Hermine', illus. p.149.

P purpurascens. See P. delavayi f.
melanocalyx.

P. 'Sybille'. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m). Bears masses of
fragrant, 4-petaled, white flowers, with
central, pink stain, in early and mid-summer.
Leaves are mid-green and oval. Z5-8 H8-5.

P 'Virginal'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has
oval, dark green leaves. Produces masses of
large, very fragrant, double or semidouble,
pure white flowers in loose racemes from
early to mid-summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

x PHILAGERIA

LI LIACEAE/PHILESIACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Philesia x Lapageria ) of one
evergreen, scrambling or twining shrub.
Needs partial shade and well-drained,
preferably acidic soil. Propagate by
layering in late summer or fall,
x P. veitchii. Evergreen, scrambling or
twining shrub. H 10-12ft (3-4m). Has
oblong, slightly toothed leaves. Nodding,
tubular, rose-pink flowers are produced
in leaf axils in summer. Zll-13 H12-10.

PHILESIA

LI LIACEAE/PH I LESIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
grown for its showy flowers. Thrives only
in mild, moist areas. Needs partial shade

and rich, moist, acidic soil. Apply an
annual dressing of leaf mold. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in summer or by
suckers in fall.

P. magellanica. Evergreen, erect shrub.
H 3ft (90cm), S 6ft (2m). Bears trumpet¬
shaped, waxy, crimson-pink flowers, in
leaf axils, from mid-summer to late fall.
Narrowly oblong, dark green leaves are
bluish-white beneath. Z7-8 H8-7.

PHILLYREA

OLEACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for
their foliage. Prefers full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. To restrict growth, cut
back in spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
narrowly oblong and dark green. Small,
fragrant, 4-lobed, greenish-white flowers,
in late spring and early summer, are
followed by spherical, blue-black fruits.
Z7-9 H9-7.

P. decora. See Osmanthus decorus.

P. latifolia. Evergreen, rounded shrub
or tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Has oval, glossy,
dark green leaves. Bears tiny, fragrant,
4-lobed, greenish-white flowers, from late
spring to early summer, followed by
spherical, blue-black fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

PHILODENDRON

ARACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody-
based root climbers, grown for their leaves.
Intermittently bears insignificant flowers.
Needs partial shade and rich, well-drained
soil. Water moderately, sparingly in cold
weather. Provide support. Young stem tips
may be removed to promote branching.
Propagate by leaf-bud or stem-tip cuttings
in summer. (D All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested; contact with sap
may irritate skin.

P. auritum of gardens. See Syngonium
auritum.

P. bipinnatifidum , syn. P. selloum , illus.
p.458.

P 'Burgundy'. Slow-growing, evergreen,
woody-based, root climber. H 6ft (2m) or
more. Has narrowly oblong, red-flushed,
deep green leaves, to 12in (30cm) long,
wine-red beneath. Z14-15 H12-1.

P. cordatum. SeeP. hederaceum.

P. domesticum, syn. P. hastatum
(Elephant's ear). Fairly slow-growing,
evergreen, woody-based, root climber.

H 6—10ft (2-3m). Lustrous, bright green
leaves, 12-16in (30-40cm) long, are arrow-
shaped on young plants and later have
prominent, basal lobes. Z14-15 H12-1.

P. erubescens (Blushing philodendron.
Red-leaf philodendron). Evergreen, erect,
woody-based, root climber. H to 10ft (3m).
Oval to triangular leaves, 6-10in (15-25cm)
long, have long, red stalks and are dark
green with lustrous, coppery flush. Z14-15
H12-1.

P. hastatum of gardens. See
P. domesticum.

P. hederaceum, syn. P. cordatum (Heart
leaf). Moderately vigorous, evergreen,
woody-based, root climber. H 10ft (3m) or
more. Has heart-shaped, lustrous, rich

green leaves, to 18in (45cm) long.

P. laciniatum. SeeP. pedatum.

P. melanochrysum (Black gold
philodendron. Velour philodendron).
Robust, fairly slow-growing, evergreen,
woody-based, root climber. H 10ft (3m) or
more. Heart-shaped leaves, to 30in (75cm)
long, are lustrous, deep olive-green with
coppery sheen and pale veins. Z14-15
H12-10.

P. pedatum, syn. P. laciniatum. Slow-
growing, evergreen, woody-based, root
climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Has oval, glossy,
deep green leaves, 12-32in (30-80cm) long,
with 5 or 7 prominent lobes. Z14-15 H12-1.
P. sagittatum. See P. sagittifolium.

P. sagittifolium, syn. P. sagittatum. Slow-
growing, evergreen, woody-based, root
climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Oval, glossy,
bright green leaves, with basal lobes, are up
to 16-24in (40-60cm) long. Z14-15 H12-1.

P. scandens, illus. p.463.

P. selloum. See P. bipinnatifidum.

P. trifoliatum. See Syngonium auritum.

PHLEBODIUM

POLYPODIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
ferns. Needs full light or partial shade and
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
fading fronds regularly. Propagate by
division in spring or by spores in summer.
P. aureum, syn. Polypodium aureum, illus.
p.478. 'Mandaianum', illus. p.479.

PHLOMIS

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs and perennials, grown for their
conspicuous, hooded flowers, which are
borne in dense whorls, and for their
foliage. Prefers full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall, shrubs by
softwood cuttings in summer, perennials
by division in spring.

P. cashmeriana. Evergreen, upright
shrub. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Produces masses of 2-lipped, pale lilac
flowers in summer. Narrowly oval, mid¬
green leaves have woolly, white undersides.
Z8-9 H9-8.

P. chrysophylla (Goldleaf Jerusalem
sage). Evergreen, rounded, stiffly branched
shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Bears 2-lipped,
golden-yellow flowers in early summer.
Oval leaves are gray-green when young,
becoming golden-green. Z9-10 H10-9.

P. fruticosa, illus. p.160.

P. italica, illus. p.152.

P. longifolia var. bailanica. Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Leaves
are oblong to heart-shaped, deeply veined
and bright green. Has 2-lipped, deep
yellow flowers from early to mid-summer.
Z8-9 H9-8.

P. russeliana, illus. p.243.

PHLOX

POLEMONIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly late spring- or summer¬
flowering annuals and perennials, some
of which are semievergreen or evergreen,
grown for their terminal panicles or
profusion of brightly colored flowers.
Prefers sun or partial shade and fertile,
moist but well-drained soil; some species

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

prefer acidic soil; in light, dry soils is better
grown in partial shade. Trim back rock
garden species after flowering. Propagate
rock garden species and hybrids by
cuttings from non-flowering shoots in
spring or summer; species by seed in fall or
spring; P maculata, P. paniculata and their
cultivars also by division in early spring or
by root cuttings in winter; and annuals by
seed in spring. P maculata , P. paniculata
and their cultivars are susceptible to
eelworm. See also feature panel p.240.

P. adsurgens. Evergreen, mat-forming,
prostrate perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 12in
(30cm). Woody-based stems are clothed in
oval, light to mid-green leaves. In summer
produces terminal clusters of short¬
stemmed, saucer-shaped, purple, pink or
white flowers, with overlapping petals. Is
good for a rock garden or peat bed. Prefers
partial shade and gritty, peaty, acidic soil.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Wagon Wheel', illus. p.363.

P. amoena 'Variegata'. See
P. x procumbens 'Variegata'.

P. bifida , illus. p.366.

P. caespitosa. Evergreen, mound¬
forming, compact perennial. H 3in (8cm),

S 5in (12cm). Leaves are narrow and
needlelike. Solitary, almost stemless,
saucer-shaped, lilac or white flowers are
borne in summer. Is suitable for a rock
garden or trough. Needs sun and very well-
drained soil. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. 'Camla', illus. p.365.

P 'Chattahoochee'. See P. divaricata
subsp. laphamii' Chattahoochee'.

P. divaricata (Blue phlox. Wild sweet
William, Woodland phlox). Semievergreen,
creeping perennial. H 12in more (30cm) or
more, S 8in (20cm). In early summer,
upright stems bear saucer-shaped,
lavender-blue flowers in loose clusters.
Leaves are oval. Is suitable for a rock
garden or peat bed. Prefers partial shade
and moist but well-drained, peaty soil.

Z4-8 H8-1. subsp. laphamii , illus. p.341.
subsp. laphamii 'Chattahoochee', syn.
P. 'Chattahoochee', illus. p.341.

P. douglasii. 'Boothman's Variety',
illus. p.366. 'Crackerjack', illus. p.365.
'May Snow' is an evergreen, mound¬
forming perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Masses of saucer-shaped, white
flowers are borne in early summer. Is
suitable for a rock garden, wall or bank.
Vigorous, compact 'Red Admiral',

H 6in (5cm), has crimson flowers.

P. drummondii (Annual phlox). Beauty
Series is a group of moderately fast¬
growing, compact, upright annuals. H 6in
(15cm), S 4in (10cm). Has lance-shaped,
pale green leaves. From summer to early
fall produces heads of star-shaped flowers
in many colors, including red, pink, blue,
purple and white. Buttons Series, H and
S 6-1 Oin (15-25cm), has flowers in range of
colors from deep red to pink and white.
H12-1. 'Carnival' has larger flowers with
contrasting centers. 'Chanal', illus. p.305.
'Petticoat' has bicolored flowers.
'Sternenzauber', syn. P. drummondii
'Twinkle' has star-shaped flowers in bright
mixture of colors, some with contrasting
centers. 'Twinkle'. See P. drummondii
'Sternenzauber'.

P. 'Emerald Cushion', illus. p.367.

P. hoodii. Evergreen, compact, prostrate
perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).

Solitary, flat, white flowers are borne in
early summer above fine, needlelike, hairy
leaves. Is suitable for a rock garden. Needs
sun and very well-drained soil.

P. maculata (Meadow phlox. Wild sweet
William). Erect perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 172ft
(45cm). In summer produces cylindrical
panicles of tubular, 5-lobed, mauve-pink
flowers above oval, mid-green leaves. Z5-8
H8-1. 'Alpha' has rose-pink flowers.
'Omega' has white flowers, each with
lilac eye.

P. paniculata (Garden phlox). Upright
perennial, seldom grown, as is replaced
in gardens by its more colorful cultivars.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Tubular, 5-lobed
flowers are borne in conical heads above
oval, mid-green leaves in late summer. Z4-8
H8-1. 'Aida' is purple-red, each flower
with purple eye. Flowers of 'Amethyst'
(illus. p.240) are pale lilac with paler-edged
petals. 'Balmoral' has large, rosy-mauve
flowers. 'Brigadier' (illus. p.240) has deep
orange-red flowers. 'Bright Eyes' has
pale pink flowers, each with red eye. 'Eva
Cullum' (illus. p.240) has clear pink flowers
with magenta eyes. 'Eventide' produces
lavender-blue flowers. 'Fujiyama'. See
P. paniculata 'Mount Fuji'. Rowers of 'Graf
Zeppelin' are white with red centers.
'Hampton Court' (illus. p.240) has mauve-
blue flowers and dark green foliage.
'Harlequin' has reddish-purple flowers.
Leaves are variegated ivory-white. 'Junior
Bouquet' has deep pink flowers with
prominent, white eye. 'Le Mahdi' has
deep purple flowers. 'Mia Buys' (illus.
p.240), H 18in (45cm), has large, white
flowers, 'Mother of Pearl' has white
flowers tinted pink. 'Mount Fuji', syn.

P paniculata 'Fujiyama', illus. p.230.

'Norah Leigh' (illus. p.240) has pale lilac
flowers and ivory-variegated leaves.
'Prince of Orange', illus. p.235. 'Russian
Violet' is of open habit and has pale lilac-
blue flowers. Flowers of 'Sandringham'
have widely spaced petals and are pink
with darker centers. 'Sir John Falstaff'
has large, deep salmon flowers, each with
a cherry-red eye. 'White Admiral'
bears pure white flowers. Those of
'Windsor' (illus. p.240) are carmine-rose
with red eyes.

P. x procumbens 'Millstream'.

Evergreen, prostrate perennial. H to 6in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oval,
glossy, green leaves. In early summer bears
small, saucer-shaped, white-eyed, deep
lavender-pink flowers. Is suitable for a rock
garden. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Variegata', syn.

P. amoena 'Variegata', H lin (2.5cm), S lOin
(25cm), has white-margined leaves and
bright cerise-pink flowers.

P. stolonifera (Creeping phlox).
Evergreen, prostrate, spreading perennial.
H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm) or more.
Has small, saucer-shaped, pale blue flowers
in early summer. Leaves are oblong to oval.
Prefers moist, peaty, acidic soil. Is good for
a peat bed or rock garden. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Ariane', illus. p.359. 'Blue Ridge' has
masses of lavender-blue flowers.

P. subulata (Creeping phlox. Moss phlox).
Evergreen, mound-forming perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears fine, needlelike
leaves. Masses of star-shaped, white, pink
or mauve flowers are produced in early
summer. Is good for a sunny rock garden.
Z3-8 H8-1. 'Marjorie', illus. p.365.

PHOENIX

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
overall appearance and their edible fruits.
Prefers full light and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less during winter. Propagate
by seed in spring at not less than 75°F
(24°C). Red spider mite may be a nuisance.
P canariensis (Canary Island date palm).
Evergreen, upright palm with a robust
trunk. H 60ft (18m) or more, S 30ft (10m) or
more. Feather-shaped, arching leaves, to
15ft (5m) long, are divided into narrowly
lance-shaped, leathery, bright green
leaflets. Bears large, pendent clusters of
tiny, yellowish-brown flowers that on
mature specimens are followed by shortly
oblong, yellow to red fruits in fall-winter.
Zll-12 H12-10.

P. roebelenii (Miniature date palm.

Pygmy date palm). Evergreen palm with
slender trunk. H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Has feather-shaped, arching,
glossy, dark green leaves, 3-4ft (1-1.2m)
long, and, in summer, large panicles of tiny,
yellow flowers. Egg-shaped, black fruits
are borne in pendent clusters, 18in (45cm)
long, in fall. Zll-12 H12-10.

PHORMIUM

AGAVACEAE/HEIVIEROCALLIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their bold, sword-shaped leaves. Requires
sun and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division or seed in spring.

P 'Bronze Baby'. Evergreen, upright
perennial. H and S 18-24in (45-60cm). Has
tufts of bold, stiff, pointed, wine-red leaves.
Panicles of reddish flowers are occasionally
produced on purplish stems in summer.
Z9-11 H12-6.

P colensoi. See P. cookianum.

P cookianum, syn. P. colensoi (Mountain
flax). Evergreen, upright perennial. H 3—6ft
(l-2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has tufts of sword¬
shaped, dark green leaves. Panicles of
tubular, pale yellowish-green flowers are
borne in summer. Z9-11 H12-1. 'Black
Adder' has burgundy-black leaves, subsp.
hookeri 'Tricolor' has leaves striped
vertically with red, yellow and green.
'Variegatum' has cream-striped leaves.

P 'Dazzler', illus. p.216.

P. tenax (New Zealand flax). Evergreen,
upright perennial. H 10ft (3m), S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Has tufts of sword-shaped, stiff,
dark green leaves. Panicles of tubular, dull
red flowers are produced on short, slightly
glaucous green stems in summer. Thrives
by the sea. Z9-11 H12-6. 'Aurora' has
leaves vertically striped with red, bronze,
salmon-pink and yellow. Purpureum
Group, H 6—8ft (2-2.5m), S 3ft (lm), has
rich reddish-purple to dark copper leaves.
Z9-11 HI 1-2. 'Veitchianum', syn. P. tenax
'Veitchii' bears broad, creamy-white-
striped leaves. 'Veitchii'. See P. tenax
'Veitchianum'.

PHOTINIA

syn. STRANVAESIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs
and trees, with small, white flowers, grown
for their foliage and, in the case of

PHYGELIUS

deciduous species, for their fall color and
fruits. Protect evergreen species from
strong, cold winds. Requires sun or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil; some
species prefer acidic soil. Propagate
evergreen and deciduous species by
semiripe cuttings in summer, deciduous
species also by seed in fall.

P. arbutifolia. See Heteromeles salicifolia.
P. davidiana, illus. p.90.

P. x fraseri. Group of evergreen, hybrid
shrubs. H and S 15ft (5m). Have oblong,
dark green leaves. Young growths are
attractive over a long period. Has good
resistance to damage by late frosts. Z8-9
H9-8. 'Birmingham' has heads of small,
white flowers in late spring. 'Red Robin',
illus. p.lll.

P nussia. Evergreen, spreading tree.

H and S 20ft (6m). Produces oblong,
leathery, glossy, dark green leaves and
saucer-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers in
mid-summer, followed by rounded, orange-
red fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

P serratifolia, syn. P. serrulata, illus.
p.lll.

P serrulata. See P. serratifolia.

P villosa (Oriental photinia). Deciduous,
upright shrub or spreading tree. H and
S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves,
bronze-margined when young, become
brilliant orange-red in fall. Clusters of
5-petaled flowers, produced in late spring,
are followed by spherical, red fruits.

Prefers acidic soil. Z4-9 H9-1.

PHRAGMIPEDIUM

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS. P

P besseae (illus. p.467). Evergreen,
terrestrial orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H 3ft (lm). Pouch-lipped,
bright scarlet red, orange-red or yellow
flowers are borne in upright racemes in
spring. Has strap-shaped leaves. Needs
shade in summer. HI 1-1.

P caudatum. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 24in
(60cm). In summer produces sprays of
flowers with light green and tan sepals and
pouches and drooping, ribbon-like, yellow
and brownish-crimson petals. Has
narrowly oval leaves. Needs shade in
summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

PHUOPSIS

RUBIACEAE

Genus of one species of mat-forming,
summer-flowering perennial, grown for
its small, pungent, tubular flowers. Is good
for groundcover, especially on banks and in
rock gardens. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall.

P stylosa, syn. Crucianella stylosa, illus.
p.338.

PHYGELIUS

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
showy, tubular flowers. Grows best if
planted in a sheltered position; will attain a
considerably greater height when grown 661
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs _

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

x PHYLLIOPSIS

sun and fertile, well-drained but not too
dry soil. Cut back to just above ground
level in spring, or, if plants have woody
bases, prune to live wood. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer.

P. aequalis, illus. p.156. 'Yellow
Trumpet', illus. p.160.

P. capensis (Cape figwort. Cape fuchsia).
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright
subshrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has tubular,
curved, bright orange-red flowers, with red
mouth and yellow throat, from mid-summer
to early fall, in tall, slender spires amid
triangular, dark green leaves. Z8-9 H9-8.

P x rectus 'Winchester Fanfare'.
Evergreen or semievergreen, upright
subshrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has
triangular, dark green leaves. Pendulous,
tubular, dusky, reddish-pink flowers, with
scarlet lobes and yellow throat, are borne
from mid-summer to early fall. Z8-9 H9-8.

Phyllanthus nivosus. See Breynia
disticha.

x PHYLLIOPSIS

ERICACEAE ~

Hybrid genus ( Phyllodoce x Kalmiopsis ) of
one species of evergreen shrub, grown for
its flowers. Is suitable for peat beds and
rock gardens. Needs partial shade and
peaty, acidic soil. Trim back after flowering
to maintain a compact habit. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in late summer,
x P. hillieri 'Pinocchio'. Evergreen,
upright shrub. H 8in (20cm), S lOin (25cm).
Branched stems bear thin, oval leaves.
Long, open clusters of bell-shaped, very
deep pink flowers are produced in spring
and intermittently thereafter. Z4-8 H8-1.

Phyllitis scolopendrium. See

Asplenium scolopendrium.

PHYLLOCLADUS

Celery pine

PHYLLOCLADACEAE/PODOCARPACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

P. aspleniifolius (Tasman celery pine).
Slow-growing, upright conifer. H 15-30ft
(5-10m), S 10—15ft (3-5m). Instead of true
leaves has flattened, leaflike shoots known
as phylloclades; these are dull dark green
and resemble celery leaves in outline.
Produces inedible, white-coated nuts,
with fleshy, red bases.

P. trichomanoides, illus. p.101.

PHYLLODOCE

ERICACEAE

662

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
heather-like leaves and flowers. Needs
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late
summer or by seed in spring.

P. caerulea, syn. P. taxifolia, illus. p.334.

P empetriformis, illus. p.334.

P. x intermedia. 'Fred Stoker' is an
evergreen, upright shrub. H and S 9in
(23cm). Has narrow, glossy, green leaves.
From late spring to early summer produces
terminal clusters of pitcher-shaped, bright
reddish-purple flowers on slender, red stalks.
Z3-7 H7-1. 'Drummondii', illus. p.333.

P. nipponica. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm).

Freely branched stems bear fine, linear

leaves and, in late spring and summer,
stalked, bell-shaped, white flowers from
tips. Z3-7 H7-1.

P taxifolia. See P. caerulea.

PHYLLOSTACHYS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

P aurea, illus. p.288.

P. aureosulcata (Yellow-groove bamboo).
Evergreen, clump-forming bamboo.

H 20-25ft (6-8m), S indefinite. Rough,
brownish-green stems have striped sheaths
and yellow grooves. Mid-green leaves are
up to 6in (15cm) long; flowers are
unimportant as they are so rarely
produced. Z5-11 H12-3.

P. bambusoides, illus. p.287.

P flexuosa (Zigzag bamboo). Evergreen,
clump-forming bamboo. H 20-25ft (6-8m),

S indefinite. Has slender, markedly zigzag
stems that turn black with age. Leaf
sheaths have no bristles. Leaves stay
fresh green all winter. Z6-11 HI 1-1.

P. 'Henonis'. See P. nigra f. henonis.

P. nigra, illus. p.286. f. henonis, syn.

P. 'Henonis' illus. p.287.

P. viridiglaucescens, illus. p.287.

P vivax f. aureocaulis, illus. p.289.

x PHYLLOTHAMNUS

ERICACEAE

Hybrid genus ( Phyllodoce x Rhodothamnus )
of one species of evergreen shrub, grown
for its foliage and flowers. Is good for
peat beds and rock gardens. Needs a
sheltered, partially shaded site and moist,
acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in late summer.

x P erectus. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H and S 6in (15cm). Has small, linear,
glossy, deep green leaves. Clusters of
slender-stalked, bell-shaped, soft rose-pink
flowers are produced in late spring and
early summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

PHYSALIS

Ground cherry

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials and
annuals, grown mainly for their lantern-like
calyces and fruits, produced in fall. Needs
sun or partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division or softwood cuttings
in spring, annuals by seed in spring or fall.
® All parts of P. alkekengi, except the fully
ripe fruit, may cause mild stomach upset
if ingested; contact with foliage may
irritate skin.

P. alkekengi (Chinese lantern, Japanese
lantern). Spreading perennial, grown as
an annual. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm).
Inconspicuous, nodding, star-shaped,
white flowers in summer are followed
by rounded, bright orange-red fruits,
surrounded by inflated, orange calyces.
Leaves are mid-green and oval. Z3-9 H8-1.

PHYSOCARPUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage
and flowers. Requires sun and fertile, not
too dry soil. Prefers acidic soil and does not

grow well on shallow, chalky soil. Thin
established plants occasionally by cutting
some older shoots back to ground level
after flowering. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

P opulifolius (Ninebark). Deciduous,
arching, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft
(5m). Has peeling bark and broadly oval,
toothed and lobed, mid-green leaves. Bears
clusters of tiny, at times pink-tinged, white
flowers in early summer. Z3-7 H7-1.
'Dart's Gold', illus. p.159.

PHYSOPLEXIS

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of one species of tufted perennial,
grown for its flowers. Is good grown on
tufa, in rock gardens, troughs and alpine
houses. Needs sun and very well-drained,
alkaline soil, but should face away from
midday sun. Keep fairly dry in winter.
Propagate by seed in fall or by softwood
cuttings in early summer. Is susceptible
to slug damage.

P. comosa, syn. Phyteuma comosum, illus.
p.366.

PHYSOSTECIA

Obedient plant
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of summer- to early fall-flowering
perennials. Needs sun and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in spring.

P. virginiana (False dragonhead.

Obedient plant). Erect perennial. H 3ft (lm),
S 2ft (60cm). In late summer produces
spikes of hooded, 2-lipped, rose-purple
flowers, with hinged stalks that allow
flowers to remain in position once moved.
Has lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green
leaves. Z4-8 H8-1. subsp. speciosa
'Variegata'. See P. virginiana 'Variegata'.
'Summer Snow' has pure white flowers.
'Variegata', syn. P. virginiana subsp.
speciosa 'Variegata', illus. p.233. 'Vivid',
illus. p.280.

PHYTEUMA

CAMPANULACEAE ~

Genus of early- to mid-summer-flowering
perennials that are useful for rock gardens.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in fall.

P. comosum. See Physoplexis comosa.

P. scheuchzeri, illus. p.342.

PHYTOLACCA

Poke weed

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Genus of perennials and evergreen
shrubs and trees, grown for their overall
appearance and decorative but poisonous
fruits. Needs sun or partial shade and
fertile, moist soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring. ® All parts may cause
severe discomfort if ingested; the fruit
of P. americana may be lethal if eaten.
Contact with the sap may irritate skin.

P. americana, syn. P. decandra (Pigeon
berry, Pokeweed, Red ink plant). Upright,
spreading perennial. H and S 4-5ft
(1.2-1.5m). Oval to lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves are tinged purple in fall.
Shallowly cup-shaped, sometimes pink-

flushed, white-and-green flowers, borne in
terminal racemes in summer, are followed
by poisonous, rounded, fleshy, blackish-
purple berries. Z5-9 H9-5.

P clavigera. See P. polyandra.

P. decandra. See P. americana.

P. polyandra, syn. P. clavigera. Sturdy,
upright perennial. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has
brilliant crimson stems and oval to lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves that turn yellow
in fall. In summer bears clusters of
shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers,
followed by poisonous, blackish-purple
berries. Z5-9 H9-5.

PICEA

Spruce

PINACEAE

Genus of conifers with needlelike leaves set
on a pronounced peg on the shoots and
arranged spirally. Cones are pendulous and
ripen in their first fall; scales are woody
and flexible. See also CONIFERS.

P. abies, illus. p.98. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Clanbrassiliana' is a slow-growing,
rounded and spreading conifer. H 15ft (5m),
S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has needlelike, dark
green leaves and bears pendulous cones.
'Gregoryana', H and S 2ft (60cm), is slow-
growing, with a dense, globose form.
'Inversa', H 15-30ft (5-10m), S 6ft (2m),
has an erect leader, but pendent side
branches. 'Little Gem', H and S 12-20in
(30-50cm), has nest-shaped, central
depression caused by spreading branches.
'Nidiformis', H 3ft (lm), S 3-6ft (l-2m), is
a slow-growing, bushy shrub with a hollow
"nest" in center. 'Ohlendorffii' (illus.
p.105), H and S 3ft (lm), is slow-growing,
initially rounded, becoming conical with
age. 'Reflexa', H 1ft (30cm), S 15ft (5m), is
prostrate and ground-hugging, but may be
trained up a stake, to form a mound of
weeping foliage.

P. breweriana, illus. p.99.

P engelmannii, illus. p.99.

P glauca (White spruce). Narrowly
conical conifer. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 12-
15ft (4-5m). Glaucous shoots produce blue-
green leaves. Ovoid, light brown cones fall
after ripening. Z2-7 H7-2. var. albertiana
'Conica', syn. P. glauca 'Albertiana
Conica', H 6-15ft (2-5m), S 3-6ft (l-2m), is
of neat, pyramidal habit and slow-growing,
with longer leaves and smaller cones. Z2-6
H6-1. 'Albertiana Conica'. See P. glauca
var. albertiana' Conica'. 'Coerulea', illus.
p.99. 'Echiniformis', H 20in (50cm), S 36in
(90c), is a dwarf, flat-topped, rounded form.
P likiangensis, illus. p.100.

P mariana (Black spruce). Conical conifer,
whose lowest branches often layer naturally,
forming ring of stems around parent plant.

H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 10ft (3m). Leaves are
bluish-green or bluish-white. Oval cones are
dark gray-brown. Z3-6 H6-1. 'Doumetii',
illus. p.103. 'Nana', H 20in (50cm), S 20-32in
(50-80cm), is a neat shrub with blue-gray
foliage. Z2-6 H6-1.

P x mariorika 'Gnom', syn. P. omorika
'Gnom'. Shrublike conifer. H to 5ft (1.5m),

S 3—6ft (l-2m). Has pendent branches
arching at tips. Dark green leaves are white
beneath. Z5-8 H8-5.

P morrisonicola, illus. p.101.

P omorika, illus. p.98. 'Gnom'. See
P. x mariorika 'Gnom'. 'Nana' is a slow-
growing, rounded or oval conifer. H and

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PINUS

S 3ft (lm). Branches are pendulous and
arch out at tips. Has dark green leaves that
are white below. Violet-purple cones age
to glossy brown. Z3-7 H7-1.

P. orientalis (Caucasian spruce. Oriental
spruce). Columnar, dense conifer. H 70ft
(20m), S 15ft (5m). Has glossy, deep green
leaves and ovoid to conical, dark purple
cones ripening to brown, the males brick-
red in spring. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Aurea' has
golden, young foliage in spring, later
turning green. 'Skylands', illus. p.99.

P. pungens (Colorado spruce). Columnar
conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m). Has scaly,
gray bark and very sharp, sturdy, grayish-
green or bright blue leaves. Cylindrical,
light brown cones have papery scales. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Globosa' (illus. p.105) is a slow-
growing, rounded form of dense habit and
glaucous-blue leaves. Z2-8 H8-1.
'Hoopsii', H 30-50ft (10-15m), has silvery-
blue foliage. 'Roster', illus. p.99.
'Montgomery', H and S 3ft (lm), is dwarf,
compact, spreading or conical, with gray-
blue leaves.

P. sitchensis (Sitka spruce). Very
vigorous, broadly conical conifer.

H 100-160ft (30-50m) in damp locations,
50-70ft (15-20m) in dry situations, S 20-30ft
(6-10m). Develops bark scales on old trees.
Has prickly, bright deep green leaves and
cylindrical, papery, pale brown or whitish
cones. Is good on an exposed site or one
with poor soil. Z7-8 H8-7.

P. smithiana (Himalayan spruce). Slow-
growing conifer, conical when young,
columnar with horizontal branches and
weeping shoots when mature. H 80-100ft
(25-30m), S 20ft (6m). Has dark green
leaves and cylindrical, bright brown cones.
Z7-8 H8-1.

PICRASMA

SIMAROUBACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown
for their brilliant fall color. Produces
insignificant flowers in late spring.

Requires sun or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
P. ailanthoides. See P. quassioides.

P. quassioides , syn. P. ailanthoides , illus.
p.92.

PIERIS

ERICACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
foliage and small, profuse, urn-shaped
flowers. Needs a sheltered site in sun or
partial shade and moist, peaty, acidic soil.

P. floribunda, however, grows well in any
acidic soil. Young shoots are sometimes
frost-killed in spring and should be cut
back as soon as possible. Dead-heading
after flowering improves growth.

Propagate by soft-tip or semiripe cuttings
in summer. ® Leaves may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

P 'Bert Chandler'. Evergreen, bushy
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Lance¬
shaped leaves are bright pink when young,
becoming creamy-yellow, then white and
finally dark green. Produces white flowers
only very rarely. Likes an open position.
Z7-9 H9-7.

P floribunda , illus. p.120.

P. 'Forest Flame'. Evergreen, upright
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m). Narrowly

oval, glossy leaves are brilliant red when
young, then turn pink, cream and finally
dark green. White flowers are borne with
young leaves from mid- to late spring.

Z6-9 H9-6.

P. formosa. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves are bronze
when young. Bears large clusters of white
flowers from mid- to late spring. Z7-9
H9-7. var. forrestii 'Wakehurst',
illus. p.137. 'Henry Price' has deep-
veined leaves, which are bronze-red
when young.

P. japonica, illus. p.110. 'Daisen' is an
evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H and
S 10ft (3m). Oval, bronze leaves mature
to glossy, dark green. Bears drooping
clusters of red-budded, deep pink flowers
in spring. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Dorothy
Wyckoff' has deep crimson buds,
opening to pink flowers; foliage is bronze
in winter. Z6-8 H8-4. Young foliage of
'Mountain Fire' is brilliant red. Z5-9
H9-1. 'Scarlett O'Hara', illus. p.120.

The leaves of Taiwanensis Group, syn.
P. taiwanensis, S 15ft (5m), are narrow,
and bronze-red when young. Bears
clusters of white flowers in early and
mid-spring. Z3-6 H6-1. Slow-growing
'Variegata' has small leaves, edged
with white. Z6-8 H8-4.

P. nana , syn. Arcterica nana. Evergreen,
prostrate shrub. H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has tiny, oval, leathery, dark
green leaves, usually in whorls of 3, on fine
stems that root readily. In early spring
bears small, terminal clusters of white
flowers, with green or red calyces. Is
excellent for binding a peat wall or in a
rock garden. Z3-6 H6-1.

P. taiwanensis. See P. japonica
Taiwanensis Group.

PILEA

URTICACEAE ~

Genus of bushy or trailing annuals and
evergreen perennials, grown for their
ornamental foliage. Needs partial or full
shade and well-drained soil. Keep out of
drafts and do not over-water in winter.
Pinch out tips in growing season to avoid
straggly plants. Propagate perennials by
stem cuttings in spring or summer, annuals
by seed in spring or fall. Red spider mite
may be a problem.

P cadierei , illus. p.465.

P involucrata, syn. P. mollis (Friendship
plant, Panamiga). Evergreen, bushy
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Oval
to rounded, corrugated, bronze leaves, to
2in (5cm) long, are reddish-green below;
leaves are green when grown in shade.
Z14-15 H12-1.

P mollis. See P. involucrata.

P. nummulariifolia, illus. p.474.

PILEOSTEGIA

HYDRANGEACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed root
climbers. Tolerates sun and shade and
needs well-drained soil; is therefore useful
for planting against a north wall. Prune in
spring, if required. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

P viburnoides , syn. Schizophragma
vibumoides, illus. p.196.

PILOSOCEREUS

CACTACEAE

Genus of columnar, summer-flowering,
perennial cacti with wool-like spines in
flowering zones at crowns. Some species
are included in Cephalocereus. Needs
full sun and very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings
in spring or summer.

P leucocephalus, syn. P. palmeri, illus.
p.483.

P palmeri. See P. leucocephalus.

PIMELEA

THYMELAEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full
sun and well-drained, neutral to acidic soil.
Water container plants moderately, less
when temperatures are low. Needs good
winter light and ventilation in northern
temperate greenhouses. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in late summer.

P ferruginea, illus. p.454.

PINELLIA

ARACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous
perennials, grown for their slender, hood¬
like, green spathes, each enclosing and
concealing a pencil-shaped spadix. Needs
partial shade or sun and rich soil. Water
well in spring-summer. Is dormant in
winter. Propagate by offsets in early spring
or by bulbils borne in leaf axils in late
summer.

P ternata. Summer-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 4-6in (10—
15cm). Has erect stems crowned by oval,
flat, 3-parted leaves. Leafless stem bears
tubular, green spathe, 2-2^/zm (5-6cm) long,
with hood at tip. Z6-9 H9-6.

PINGUICULA

Butterwort

LENTIBULARIACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
with sticky leaves that trap insects and
digest them for food. Is useful in pots
under glass among plants at risk from
aphids. Needs sun and wet soil.

Propagate by division in early spring
or by seed in fall.

P caudata. See P. moranensis var. caudata.
P. grandiflora, illus. p.368.

P moranensis var. caudata, syn. P.
caudata. Basal-rosetted perennial.

H 5-6in (12-15cm), S 2in (5cm). Leaves are
narrowly oval and dull green with inrolled,
purplish margins. In summer, 5-petaled,
deep carmine flowers are produced on long
stems. Z13-15 H12-10.

PINUS

Pine

PINACEAE ~

Genus of small to large conifers with
spirally arranged leaves in bundles,
usually of 2, 3 or 5 needles. Cones ripen
over 2 years and are small in the first year.
See also CONIFERS.

P aristata, illus. p.103.

P armandii (Armand pine). Conical, open

conifer. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 15-25ft
(5-8m). Has pendent, glaucous blue leaves
and conical, green cones ripening
to brown. Z6-8 H8-6.

P ayacahuite, illus. p.95.

P banksiana, illus. p.102.

P bungeana (Lacebark pine), illus. p.78.
Slow-growing, bushy conifer. H 30-50ft
(10-15m), S 15-20ft (5-6m). Has gray-green
bark that flakes to reveal creamy-yellow
patches, darkening to red or purple. Leaves
are dark green. Z4-7 H7-1.

P cembra, illus. p.101.

P cembroides, illus. p.103.

P chylla. See P. wallichiana.

P. contorta, illus. p.102. var. latifolia,
illus. p.101. 'Spaan's Dwarf' is a conical,
open, dwarf conifer with short, stiffly erect
shoots. H and S 30in (75cm). Has bright
green leaves in 2s and conical to ovoid
cones. Z6-8 H8-6.

P coulteri, illus. p.96.

P densiflora (Japanese red pine). Flat-
topped conifer. H 50ft (15m), S 15—22ft
(5-7m). Has scaling, reddish-brown bark,
bright green leaves and conical, yellow or
pale brown cones. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Alice
Verkade', H and S 30in (75cm),
is a rounded form and has fresh green
leaves. 'Tagyosho'. See P. densiflora
'Umbraculifera'. 'Umbraculifera', syn.

P. densiflora 'Tagyosho', H 12ft (4m), S 20ft
(6m), is a slow-growing, rounded or
umbrella-shaped form.

P excelsa. See P. wallichiana.

P. grifUthii. See P. wallichiana.

P. halepensis, illus. p.102.

P heldreichii, syn. P. heldreichii var.
leucodermis, P. leucodermis, illus. p.98.
'Compact Gem', syn. P. heldreichii var.
leucodermis 'Compact Gem' is a broadly
conical, dense, dwarf conifer. H and
S 10-12in (25-30cm). Has very dark green
leaves in 2s. Grows only lin (2.5cm) a
year. Z6-8 H8-6. var. leucodermis.

See P. heldreichii. var. leucodermis
'Compact Gem'. See P. heldreichii
'Compact Gem', var. leucodermis
'Schmidtii'. See P. heldreichii 'Smidtii'.
'Smidtii', syn. P. heldreichii var.
leucodermis 'Schmidtii' (illus. p.105) is
a dwarf form, with an ovoid habit and
sharp, dark green leaves.

P x holfordiana, illus. p.95.

P. insignis. See P. radiata.

P. jeffreyi , illus. p.97.

P leucodermis. See P. heldreichii.

P. mugo (Mountain pine, Mugo pine).
Spreading, shrubby conifer. H 10—15ft
(3-5m), S 15—25ft (5-8m). Has bright to dark
green leaves in 2s and ovoid, brown cones.
Z3-7 H7-1. 'Gnom', H and S to 6ft (2m),
and 'Mops' (illus. p.105), H 3ft (lm), S 6ft
(2m), are rounded cultivars.

P muricata, illus. p.97.

P nigra (Austrian pine, European black
pine). Upright, later spreading conifer. H to
100ft (30m), S 20-25ft (6-8m). Has dark
green leaves in 2s and ovoid, yellow-brown
cones. Is generally grown in one of the
following forms. Z5-8 H8-4.
'Hornibrookiana', H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S 6ft
(2m), is shrubby with sturdy, spreading or
erect branches, subsp. laricio, syn. P.
nigra var. maritima (Corsican pine) is fast¬
growing and narrowly conical with an
open crown; bears gray-green leaves and
ovoid to conical, yellow- or pale gray-
brown cones, var. maritima see P. nigra

P

663

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PIPTANTHUS

subsp. laricio. subsp. nigra, illus. p.98.

P parviflora, illus. p.99. 'Adcock's
Dwarf' is a slow-growing, rounded, dense,
dwarf conifer. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m), S 5—6ft
(1.5-2m). Bears gray-green leaves in 5s
and ovoid cones.

P. patula , illus. p.97.

P. peuce, illus. p.95.

P. pinaster, illus. p.97.

P. pinea, illus. p.104.

P. ponderosa, illus. p.97.

P. pumila (Dwarf Siberian pine).
Spreading, shrubby conifer. H 6-10ft
(2-3m), S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has bright blue-
green leaves in 5s. Ovoid cones are violet-
purple, ripening to red-brown or
yellow-brown, the males bright red-purple
in spring. Z3-6 H7-1. 'Globe', H and
S l72-3ft (50cm-lm), has a rounded habit
and blue foliage.

P radiata, syn. P. insignis, illus. p.98.

P rigida, illus. p.100.

P strobus, illus. p.96. 'Radiata' is a
rounded, dwarf conifer with an open,
sparse, whorled crown. H 3—6ft (l-2m),

S 6-10ft (2-3m). Gray bark is smooth at
first, later fissured. Bears gray-green leaves
in 5s and cylindrical cones.

P sylvestris (Scots pine), illus. p.78.
Conifer, upright and with whorled
branches when young, that develops a
spreading, rounded crown with age.

H 50-80ft (15-25m), S 25-30ft (8-10m).
Bark is flaking and red-brown on upper
trunk, fissured and purple-gray at base.
Has blue-green leaves in 2s and conical,
green cones that ripen to pale gray- or
red-brown. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Aurea', illus.
p.104. 'Beuvronensis', H and S 3ft (lm),
is a rounded shrub. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Doone
Valley', H and S 3ft (lm), is an upright,
irregularly shaped shrub. Z2-7 H7-1.
'Fastigiata', syn. P. sylvestris f.
fastigiata, H to 25ft (8m), S 3-10ft (l-3m),
has a narrow, obelisk habit; suffers wind
damage in an exposed site. Z2-7 H7-1.
'Gold Coin', H and S 6ft (2m), is a dwarf
version of P.s. 'Aurea'. 'Nana' of
gardens. See P. sylvestris 'Watereri'.
'Watereri', syn. P. sylvestris 'Nana',

H and S 20in (50cm), has a very
dense habit and widely spaced leaves.
Z2-7 H7-1.

P thunbergii, illus. p.100.

P virginiana (Scrub pine, Virginia pine).
Conifer of untidy habit. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft
(8m). Gray- to yellow-green leaves are in
2s. Young shoots have pinkish-white
bloom. Bears oblong to conical, red-brown
cones. Z3-7 H7-1.

P wallichiana, syn. P. chylla, P excelsa ,

P. griffithii, illus. p.97.

PIPTANTHUS

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

664

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
shrubs, grown for their foliage and
flowers. In cold areas, needs the
protection of a south- or west-facing
wall. Requires sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. In spring, cut some older
shoots back to ground level and prune
any frost-damaged growths back to
healthy wood. Propagate by seed in fall.
P. laburnifolius. See P. nepalensis.

P. nepalensis, syn. P. laburnifolius, illus.

p.206.

PISONIA

NYCTAGINACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage and overall
appearance. Needs full light or partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Pruning
is tolerated, if required. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

P brunoniana. See P. umbellifera.

P. umbellifera, syn. P. brunoniana,
Heimerliodendron brunonianum (Bird-
catcher tree, Parapara). Evergreen,
rounded shrub or tree. H and S 10-20ft
(3-6m). Bears oval, leathery, lustrous
leaves. In spring produces clusters of tiny,
green or pink flowers, followed by
5-winged, sticky, brownish fruits. Z13-15
HI 2-10.

PISTACIA

Pistachio

ANACARDIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees,
grown for their foliage and overall
appearance. Requires full light and well-
drained, even dry soil. Water container
plants moderately when in full growth,
sparingly at other times. Pruning is
tolerated, if necessary. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

P lentiscus (Mastic tree). Evergreen,
irregularly rounded shrub or tree. H 15ft
(5m), S to 10ft (3m). Leaves are divided into
2-5 pairs of oval, leathery, glossy leaflets.
Axillary clusters of insignificant flowers,
from spring to early summer, are followed
by globose, red then black fruits in fall.
Z9-11 H12-9.

P. terebinthus (Cyprus turpentine.
Terebinth tree). Deciduous, rounded to
ovoid tree. H 20-28ft (6-9m), S 10-20ft
(3-6m). Leaves have 5-9 oval, usually
lustrous, rich green leaflets. Axillary
clusters of small flowers, in spring and
early summer, are followed by tiny,
globular to ovoid, red then purple-brown
fruits in fall. Z9-10 H12-9.

PISTIA

Shell flower. Water lettuce

ARACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous,
perennial, floating water plant, grown
for its foliage. In water above 66-70°F
(19-21°C) is evergreen. Is suitable for
tropical aquariums and frost-free ponds.
Needs sun or partial shade. Remove fading
foliage and thin plants out as necessary.
Propagate by separating plantlets in
summer.

P. stratiotes, illus. p.442.

PITCAIRN IA

BROMELIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their overall
appearance. Needs partial shade and
well-drained soil. Water moderately
during growing season, sparingly at
other times. Propagate by offsets or
division in spring.

P. andreana. Evergreen, clump-forming,
basal-rosetted perennial. H 8in (20cm),

S 12in (30cm) or more. Loose rosettes
comprise narrowly lance-shaped,
strongly arching, green leaves, gray-
scaled beneath. Racemes of tubular,
orange-and-red flowers are borne
in summer.

P. heterophylla. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial with swollen, much-branched
rhizomes. H 4in (10cm) or more, S to 12in
(30cm). Outer leaves resemble barbed
spines, inner leaves are strap-shaped, low-
arching and green, with downy, white
undersides. Produces almost stemless spikes
of tubular, bright red or rarely white flowers
in summer. Z13-15 H12-1.

PITTOSPORUM

PITTOSPORACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their ornamental foliage and
fragrant flowers. Does best in mild areas;
in cold regions, grow against a south- or
west-facing wall. P. crassifolium and
P. ralphii make wind-resistant hedges in
mild, coastal areas; like forms with
variegated or purple leaves, prefer sun.
Others will grow in sun or partial shade.

All need well-drained soil. Propagate
P dallii by budding in summer, other
species by seed in fall or spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer, selected
forms by semiripe cuttings only in summer.
P. crassifolium (Karo). Evergreen,
bushy-headed, dense tree or shrub. H 15ft
(5m), S 10ft (3m). Has oblong, dark green
leaves, gray-felted beneath. Clusters of
small, fragrant, star-shaped, dark reddish-
purple flowers are borne in spring. Z9-11
H12-10.

P dallii, illus. p.119.

P. eugenioides (Lemonwood, Tarata).
Evergreen, columnar tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 15ft (5m). Narrowly oval, wavy-edged
leaves are glossy, dark green. Honey-
scented, star-shaped, pale yellow flowers
are produced in spring. Z9-11 H12-10.
'Variegatum', illus. p.93.

P 'Garnettii', illus. p.119.

P ralphii. Evergreen, bushy-headed tree
or shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Large
leaves are oblong, leathery and gray-green,
very hairy beneath. Produces small,
fragrant, star-shaped, dark red flowers
in spring. Z9-10 H10-9.

P tenuifolium, illus. p.120. 'Margaret
Turnbull' is an evergreen, compact shrub.
H 6ft (1.8m), S 3ft (lm). Has oval, wavy-
edged, dark green leaves centrally splashed
golden-yellow. Bears star-shaped, honey-
scented, purple flowers in late spring.

Z9-10 H10-9. 'Tom Thumb', illus. p.164.

P tobira (Japanese mock orange).
Evergreen, bushy-headed, dense tree or
shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has oblong
to oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Very
fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers, borne
in late spring, later become creamy-yellow.
Z9-10 H10-9.

P undulatum (Australian mock orange,
Cheesewood). Evergreen, broadly conical
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Has long,
narrowly oval, pointed, wavy-edged, dark
green leaves. Fragrant, star-shaped, white
flowers are borne in late spring and early
summer, followed by rounded, orange
fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

PITYROGRAMMA

PTERIDACEAE/ADIANTACEAE ~

Genus of semievergreen or evergreen ferns,
suitable for hanging baskets. Needs partial
shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
Remove fading fronds regularly. Water
carefully to avoid spoiling farina on fronds.
Propagate by spores in late summer.

P triangularis (Goldback fern).
Semievergreen or evergreen fern. H and
S 18in (45cm). Has broadly triangular,
delicately divided, mid-green fronds with
orange or creamy-white farina. Z10-11
H12-9.

Plagiorhegma dubia. See Jeffersonia
dubia.

PLANTAGO

Plantain

PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and evergreen perennials and
shrubs. Many species are weeds, but
a few are grown for their foliage and
architectural value. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Water container plants
moderately, sparingly in winter. Propagate
by seed or division in spring.

P nivalis, illus. p.376.

PLATAN US

Plane, Sycamore

PLATANACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
habit, foliage and flaking bark. Flowers
are inconspicuous. Spherical fruit clusters
hang from shoots in fall. Needs full sun and
deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
species by seed in fall, P x hispanica by
hardwood cuttings in early winter. All except
P. orientalis are susceptible to the fungal
disease plane anthracnose. ® Contact
with the basal tufts of hair on the fruits may
irritate the skin and respiratory system.

P x acerifolia. See P. x hispanica.

P. x hispanica, syn. P. x acerifolia, illus. p.63.
'Suttneri' is a vigorous, deciduous,
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m).

Has flaking bark and large, palmate, 5-lobed,
sharply toothed, bright green leaves that are
blotched with creamy-white. Z5-8 H8-5.

P orientalis, illus. p.63.

PLATYCARYA

JUGLANDACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its foliage and catkins. Requires
full sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

P strobilacea. Deciduous, spreading tree.
H and S 30ft (10m). Has ashlike, bright
green leaves with 5-15 leaflets. Upright,
green catkins are borne from mid- to late
summer; males are slender and cylindrical,
often drooping at tips, females are cone¬
like, become brown and persist through
winter. Z6-9 H9-6.

PLATYCERIUM

Staghorn fern

POLYPODIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, epiphytic ferns, best
grown in hanging baskets or fastened to
and suspended from pieces of wood.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

Produces 2 kinds of fronds: permanent,
broad, sterile "nest leaves" forming the main
part of the plant; and strap-shaped, usually
partly bifurcated, arching fertile fronds.
Prefers warm, humid conditions in partial
shade and needs fibrous, peaty growing
medium with hardly any soil. Propagate
by detaching buds in spring or summer
or by spores in summer or early fall.

P. alcicorne of gardens. See P. bifurcatum.
P. bifurcatum, syn. P. alcicorne , illus.
p.479.

PLATYCLADUS

CUPRESSACEAE

See also CONIFERS. (D Contact with the
foliage may aggravate skin allergies.

P. orientalis, syn. Biota orientalis, Thuja
orientalis (Biota, Chinese arbor-vitae,
Chinese thuja). Conifer with an irregularly
rounded crown. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 15ft
(5m). Has fibrous bark and flattened,
vertical sprays of scalelike, scentless, dark
green leaves. Egg-shaped cones are
glaucous gray. 'Aurea Nana' (illus. p.105),
H and S 2ft (60cm), is a dwarf cultivar with
yellow-green foliage that turns bronze in
winter. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Semperaurea', H 10ft
(3m), S 6ft (2m), is compact, with golden
leaves.

PLATYCODON

Balloon flower

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of one species of perennial, grown
for its flowers in summer. Needs sun and
light, sandy soil. Propagate by basal
cuttings of non-flowering shoots in
summer, with a bit of root attached, or
by seed in fall.

P grandiflorus, illus. p.269. var.
mariesii, syn. P. grandiflorus 'Mariesii' is a
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12-18in
(30-45cm). In mid-summer produces
solitary, terminal, large, balloon-like flower
buds opening to bell-shaped, blue or
purplish-blue flowers. Has oval, sharply
toothed, bluish-green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Mariesii'. See P. grandiflorus var.
mariesii.

PLATYSTEMON

Creamcups

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of one species of summer-flowering
annual. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or early
fall.

P californicus , illus. p.321.

PLECTRANTHUS

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, trailing or bushy
perennials, grown for their foliage. Needs
partial shade or full light and moist soil.

Cut back stem tips in growing season if
plants become too straggly. Propagate by
stem cuttings or division in spring or
summer.

P australis of gardens. See P. verticillatus.

P coleoides 'Variegatus' of gardens.

See P. madagascariensis 'Variegated
Mintleaf'.

P forsteri 'Marginatus', illus. p.298.

P fructicosus 'James', illus. p.454.

P. madagascariensis (Mintleaf). Creeping
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Has
rounded, scalloped, fleshy leaves. Bears
2-lipped, lavender-blue or white flowers,
often dotted with red. H12-1. 'Variegated
Mintleaf, syn. P. coleoides 'Variegatus'
has variegated, white leaves.

P. oertendahlii (Candle plant). Evergreen,
prostrate perennial. H to 6in (15cm),

S indefinite. Rounded, scalloped, dark
green leaves are reddish-green below, with
white veins above. Has racemes of tubular,
white or pale mauve flowers at irregular
intervals throughout year. Zll-12 H12-1.

P. scutellarioides. See Solenostemon
scutellarioides.

P. thyrsoideus , syn. Coleus thyrsoideus.
Fast-growing, bushy perennial, often
grown as an annual. H to 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Has heart-shaped, toothed, mid¬
green leaves. Produces spikes of tubular,
bright blue flowers at various times of year.
Zll-12 H12-1.

P verticillatus, syn. P. australis.
Evergreen, trailing perennial with square
stems. H to 6in (15cm), S indefinite. Has
rounded, waxy, glossy, green leaves, with
scalloped edges. Racemes of tubular, white
or pale mauve flowers are produced
intermittently through year. H12-1.

PLEIOBLASTUS

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

P. variegatus, syn. Arundinaria fortunei,
Arundinaria variegata, illus. p.284.

P viridistriatus, syn. Arundinaria
auricoma, illus. p.289.

PLEIONE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

P bulbocodioides, illus. p.466.

Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 8in (20cm).
In spring, usually before solitary leaf is
produced, bears pink, rose or magenta
flowers, 2-5in (5-12cm) across, with darker
purple marks on lips. Leaf is narrowly
lance-shaped, 5V2in (14cm) long. Is often
difficult to flower: regular feeding helps
to increase pseudobulbs to flowering size.
Z9-10 H10-9.

P x confusa. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 6in (15cm). Solitary, canary-
yellow flowers, 2-3in (5-8cm) across, with
brown or purple blotches on lips, are borne
in spring, before foliage. Has lance-shaped
leaves, 4-7in (10-18cm) long. Does best in
an alpine house. Needs partial shade. Z9-10
H12-10.

P hookeriana. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 3-6in (8-15cm). Solitary, lilac-
pink, rose or white flowers, 2-3in (5-7cm)
across, with brown- or purplish-spotted lip,
are borne in spring, at same time as lance¬
shaped leaves, 2-8in (5-20cm) long. Z9-10
H12-10.

P. humilis. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.

H 2-3in (5-8cm). In winter, before foliage
appears, white flowers, 3-3V2in (7-9cm)
across, with crimson-spotted lip, are borne
singly or in pairs. Lance-shaped leaves are
7-10in (18-25cm) long. Z9-10 H12-10.

P praecox. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid.

H 3-5in (8-13cm). White to pinkish-purple
or lilac-purple flowers, to 3in (8cm) across.

with violet marks, are produced in pairs in
fall, after foliage. Has oblong to lance¬
shaped leaves, 6-10in (15-25cm) long.
Z9-10 H12-10.

PLEIOSPILOS

Living granite

A1ZOACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their flowers and
almost stemless rosettes bearing up to 4
pairs of fleshy, erect leaves, like pieces of
granite, each with a flat upper surface and
each pair united at the base. Flowers are
daisylike. Individual species are very
similar, and many are difficult to identify.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed or division in spring or summer.

P bolusii, illus. p.495.

P compactus, illus. p.495.

PLUMBAGO

Leadwort

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals, evergreen or
semievergreen shrubs, perennials and
woody-stemmed, scrambling climbers,
grown for their primrose-shaped
flowers. Grow in full light or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water regularly when in full growth,
less at other times. Tie stems to supports.
Thin out or spur back all previous year's
growth in early spring. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly
may be a problem.

P auriculata, syn. P. capensis, illus. p.205.
P capensis. See P. auriculata.

P indica, syn. P. rosea (Scarlet leadwort).
Evergreen or semievergreen, spreading
shrub or semi-climber. H 6ft (2m), S 3-6ft
(l-2m). Leaves are oval to elliptic and mid¬
green. Has terminal racemes of primrose¬
shaped, red or pink flowers, lin (2.5cm)
long, produced in summer (if hard-pruned
annually in spring) or from late winter
onward (if left unpruned and trained as
a climber). Z12-15 H12-1.

P rosea. See P. indica.

PLUMERIA

Frangipani, Pagoda tree. West Indian
jasmine

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of mainly deciduous, fleshy-
branched shrubs and trees, grown for
their flowers in summer-fall. Requires
full sun and well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately while in
growth, keep dry in winter when leafless.
Stem tips may be cut out to induce
branching. Propagate by seed or leafless
stem-tip cuttings in late spring. Red
spider mite may be a nuisance. ® The
milky sap may cause mild stomach
upset if ingested.

P acuminata. See P. rubra f. acutifolia.

P. acutifolia. See P. rubra f. acutifolia.

P. alba (West Indian jasmine). Deciduous,
rounded, sparingly branched tree. H to 20ft
(6m), S to 12ft (4m). Has lance-shaped and
slender-pointed leaves, to 12in (30cm) long.
Terminal clusters of fragrant, yellow-eyed,
white flowers, with 5 spreading petals and
tubular base, are produced in summer.
Zll-12 H12-10.

PODOPHYLLUM

P rubra, illus. p.453. f. acutifolia, syn.

P. acuminata, P. acutifolia is a deciduous,
spreading, sparsely branched tree or
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Produces
fragrant, yellow-centered, white flowers,
with 5 spreading petals, in summer-fall.
Has lance-shaped to oval leaves, 8-12in
(20-30cm) long.

PODALYRIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers
and overall appearance. Requires full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants moderately when in full
growth, less at other times. Prune, if
necessary, after flowering. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

P sericea. Vigorous, evergreen, rounded
shrub. H and S 4—10ft (1.2-3m). Has oval,
downy, mid-green leaves and sweet
pealike, pink flowers, lV4-lV2in (3-4cm)
wide, in summer.

PODOCARPUS

PODOCARPACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

P alpinus (Tasmanian podocarp).
Rounded, spreading, shrubby conifer.

H 6ft (2m), S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has linear,
dull green leaves and rounded, egg-
shaped, fleshy, bright red fruits. Z7-10
H10-7.

P andinus. See Prumnopitys andina.

P. macrophyllus (Buddhist pine,
Kusamaki, Southern yew). Erect conifer.

H 30ft (10m), S 10-15ft (3-5m). Long,
linear leaves are bright green above,
glaucous beneath. May be grown as
a shrub, H and S 3-6ft (l-2m), and
planted in a tub in hot climates.

Z7-11 H12-7.

P nivalis (Alpine totara), illus. p.105.
Rounded, spreading, shrubby conifer. H 6ft
(2m), S 10—15ft (3-5m). Is very similar to
P. alpinus, but bears longer, broader, more
rigid leaves. Z7-9 HI 1-7.

P salignus, illus. p.100.

PODOPHYLLUM

Mayapple

BERBER1DACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering, rhizomatous
perennials. Young leaves may be damaged
by frost. Prefers partial shade and moist,
peaty soil. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in fall. ® All parts of the plants
are highly toxic if ingested.

P emodii. See Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum.

P. hexandrum. See Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum.

P. peltatum (American mandrake,
Mayapple). Vigorous, spreading,
rhizomatous perennial.

H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Palmate, sometimes brown-mottled, light
green leaves, with 3-5 deep lobes, push up
through soil, looking like closed umbrellas,
and are followed, in spring, by nodding,
cup-shaped, white flowers. Produces large,
fleshy, plumlike, glossy, deep rose-pink
fruits in fall. Z3-9 H8-2.

665

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PODRANEA

PODRANEA

BIGNOIMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their foxglove-like flowers.

Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water regularly, less in cold weather.
Provide support. Thin out crowded growth
in winter or early spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

P. ricasoliana, syn. Pandorea ricasoliana,
Tecoma ricasoliana. Fast-growing,
evergreen, twining climber. H 12ft (4m) or
more. Has leaves divided into 7 or 9 lance¬
shaped to oval, wavy, deep green leaflets.
Bears loose clusters of fragrant, pink
flowers, with darker veins, from spring to
fall.

Poinciana gilliesii. See Caesalpinia
gilliesii.

Poinciana pulcherrima. See Caesalpinia
pulcherrima.

POLEMONIUM

Jacob's ladder

POLEMONIACEAE ~

Genus of late spring- or summer¬
flowering annuals and perennials, some
perennials tending to be short-lived.
Prefers sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

P. caeruleum, illus. p.270. Brise d'Anjou
('Blanjou') illus. p.270.

P. carneum, illus. p.269.

P. foliosissimum (Leafy Jacob's ladder).
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Terminal
clusters of cup-shaped, lilac flowers,
with yellow stamens, are borne in
summer above oblong to lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves, divided into numerous,
small leaflets. Z4-8 H8-1. var. flavum
produces yellow flowers shaded
orange-red outside.

P. pulcherrimum (Skunkleaf Jacob's
ladder). Vigorous, summer-flowering
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
bright green leaves divided into leaflets and
tubular, purple-blue flowers, with yellow or
white throats. Z4-8 H8-1.

POLIANTHES

AGAVACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE

666

Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
their fragrant flowers in summer. Needs a
sheltered site in full sun and well-drained
soil. Water well in spring-summer; feed
liquid fertilizer every 2 weeks when in
growth. Dry off after leaves die down in
winter. Propagate by seed or offsets in
spring.

P. geminiflora, syn. Agave duplicata,
Bravoa geminiflora , illus. p.413.

P. tuberosa, syn. Agave polianthes
(Tuberose). Summer-flowering, tuberous
perennial. H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has basal cluster of strap¬
shaped, erect leaves; flower stem also bears
leaves on lower part. Produces spike of
funnel-shaped, single, white flowers, with
6 spreading petals. A double form is also
available. Z7-11 HI 1-7. 'The Pearl', illus.
p.385.

POLIOTHYRSIS

FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

P sinensis. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Bears long, oval,
sharply toothed, glossy, dark green leaves,
with wine-red stalks. Fragrant, star-shaped,
white, later yellow flowers are produced in
late summer and early fall. Z7-9 H9-7.

POLYCALA

Milkwort, Seneca, Snakeroot
POLYGALACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials,
shrubs and trees, grown mainly for their
pealike flowers. Needs full light or partial
shade and moist but very well-drained soil.
Water container specimens freely when in
full growth, moderately at other times.
Lanky stems may be cut back hard in late
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in late summer. Is
susceptible to whitefly.

P. calcarea, illus. p.370. 'Bulley's Form'
is an evergreen, prostrate perennial. H lin
(2.5cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has rosettes of
small, narrowly oval leaves. Bears loose
heads of deep blue flowers in late spring
and early summer. Prefers rich soil. Z7-9
H9-7. 'Lillet', illus. p.369.

P. chamaebuxus, illus. p.371. var.
grandiflora , syn. P. chamaebuxus var.
purpurea , P. chamaebuxus var. rhodoptera,
illus. p.354. var. purpurea. See
P. chamaebuxus var. grandiflora. var.
rhodoptera. See P. chamaebuxus var.
grandiflora.

P. x dalmaisiana, syn. P. myrtifolia var.
grandiflora, illus. p.457.

P. myrtifolia var. grandiflora of
gardens. See P. x dalmaisiana.

P. vayredae. Evergreen, mat-forming
shrub. H 2-Ain (5-10cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm).
Slender, prostrate stems bear small, linear
leaves. Pealike, reddish-purple flowers,
with yellow lip, are produced in late spring
and early summer. Is suitable for a rock
garden or alpine house. Z7-9 H9-7.

POLYGONATUM

Solomon's seal

LI LI ACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of spring- or early summer¬
flowering, rhizomatous perennials.
Requires full or partial shade and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by division
in early spring or by seed in fall. Sawfly
caterpillar is a common pest. ® All parts
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
P. biflorum , syn. P. canaliculatum,

P. commutatum, P. giganteum (Small
Solomon's seal). Arching, rhizomatous
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more, S 2ft
(60cm). Bears oval to oblong, mid-green
leaves. Pendent clusters of bell-shaped,
white flowers are borne in leaf axils in late
spring. Z3-7 H9-1.

P. canaliculatum. See P. biflorum.

P. commutatum. SeeP. biflorum.

P. giganteum. See P. biflorum.

P. hirtum , syn. P. latifolium. Upright, then
arching, rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (lm).

S 1ft (30cm). Clusters of 2-5 drooping,
tubular, green-tipped, white flowers are
produced in late spring. Undersides of
stems, leaf stalks and oval to lance-shaped,
mid-green leaves are hairy. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. hookeri, illus. p.353.

P. x hybridum, illus. p.223.

P. latifolium. See P. hirtum.

P. multiflorum. Arching, leafy perennial
with fleshy rhizomes. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft
(30cm). Bears clusters of 2-6 pendent,
tubular, green-tipped, white flowers in
late spring, followed by spherical, black
fruit. Has oval to lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Flore Pleno' has
double flowers that look like ballet dancers'
skirts. 'Striatum', syn. P. multiflorum
'Variegatum', H 2ft (60cm), has leaves with
creamy-white stripes. 'Variegatum'. See
P. multiflorum 'Striatum'.

P. odoratum (Fragrant Solomon's seal).
Arching, rhizomatous perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces pairs of
fragrant, tubular to bell-shaped, green-
tipped, white flowers in late spring. Oval
to lance-shaped leaves are mid-green.

Z3-8 H9-1.

P verticillatum (Whorled Solomon's
seal). Upright, rhizomatous perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S lVzft (45cm). Bears whorls
of stalkless, lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves. In early summer produces
narrowly bell-shaped, greenish-white
flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.

Polygonum affine. See Persic aria
affinis.

Polygonum amplexicaule. See Persicaria
amplexicaulis.

Polygonum aubertii. See Fallopia
aubertii.

Polygonum baldschuanicum. See

Fallopia baldschuanica.

Polygonum bistorta. See Persicaria
bistorta.

Polygonum campanulatum. See

Persicaria campanulata.

Polygonum capitatum. See Persicaria
capitata.

Polygonum macrophyllum. See

Persicaria macrophylla.

Polygonum milletii. See Persicaria
milletii.

Polygonum sphaerostachyum. See

Persicaria macrophylla.

Polygonum vacciniifolium. See

Persicaria vacciniifolia.

Polygonum virginianum 'Painter's
Palette'. See Persicaria virginiana
'Painter's Palette'.

POLYPODIUM

POLYPODIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns, grown for their sculptural
fronds. Needs partial shade and fibrous,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by spores in late
summer.

P. aureum. See Phlebodium aureum.

P. australe. See P. cambricum.

P. cambricum, syn. P. australe, P. vulgare
subsp. serratum. Deciduous, creeping fern.
H 6-24in (15-60cm), S indefinite. Has
broadly lance-shaped to broadly triangular-
ovate, divided, mid-green fronds, with
linear or oblong pinnae that often have
toothed margins. New fronds are produced
in late summer and die back by early

summer. Sori are conspicuously yellow in
winter. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Richard Kayse', illus.
p.293.

P. glycyrrhiza (Licorice fern). Terrestrial,
deciduous fern. H and S 18in (45cm). Has
oblong-triangular to narrowly oval,
divided, mid-green fronds, with lance¬
shaped to oblong pinnae that arise from
licorice-scented rootstock. Z4-9 H9-1.

P. interjectum 'Cornubiense', syn.

P. vulgare 'Cornubiense', illus. p.291.

P. vulgare, illus. p.291. 'Cornubiense'.
See P. interjectum 'Cornubiense'.
'Cristatum' is an evergreen, creeping
fern. H and S 10-12in (25-30cm) Narrowly
lance-shaped, divided, mid-green fronds,
with semi-pendulous, terminal crests, grow
from creeping rhizomes covered with
copper-brown scales, subsp. serratum.
See P. cambricum.

POLYSCIAS

ARALIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage. Sometimes has
insignificant flowers in summer, but only
on large, mature specimens. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Straggly stems
may be cut out in spring. Propagate by
seed in spring or by stem-tip or leafless
stem-section cuttings in summer. Red
spider mite may be troublesome.

P. filicifolia, illus. p.458. 'Marginata' is
an evergreen, erect, sparsely branched
shrub. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (lm) or
more. Leaves, 1ft (30cm) long, are divided
into many small, oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, bright green leaflets, with white
edges. Z14-15 H12-1.

P. guilfoylei (Coffee tree. Geranium
aralia). Slow-growing, evergreen, rounded
tree. H 10-25ft (3-8m), S to 6ft (2m) or more.
Leaves, 10-16in (25-40cm) long, are divided
into oval to rounded, toothed, deep green
leaflets. Z14-15 H12-1. 'Victoriae', illus.
p.458.

POLYSPORA

syn. GORDONIA

THEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers and overall
appearance. Prefers sun or partial shade
and rich, acidic soil. Water potted plants
moderately, less in winter. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in late summer or by seed
when ripe, in fall, or in spring.

P. axillaris. Evergreen, bushy shrub or
tree. H and S 10-15ft ( 3-5m), sometimes
much more. Has lance-shaped, leathery,
glossy leaves, each with a blunt tip, and
bears, from fall to spring, saucer-shaped,
white flowers.

P. lasianthus. Evergreen, upright tree.

H to 70ft (20m), S to 30ft (10m). Lance¬
shaped to elliptic leaves are shallowly
serrated. Has fragrant, saucer- to bowl¬
shaped, white flowers in summer. Needs
sub-tropical summer warmth to grow
and flower well.

Polystichium aculeatum
'Pulcherrimum'. See Polystichum
setiferum 'Pulcherrimum Bevis'.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

POLYSTICHUM

DRYOPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous ferns. Prefers partial shade
and moist but well-drained soil enriched
with fibrous organic matter. Remove
faded fronds regularly. Propagate
species by division in spring or by
spores in summer, selected forms by
division in spring.

P acrostichoides (Christmas fern).
Evergreen fern. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Slender, lance-shaped, deep
green fronds have small, holly-like
pinnae. Is excellent for cut flowers.

Z3-8 H8-1.

P. aculeatum (Hard shield fern. Prickly
shield fern). Semievergreen fern.

H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm). Broadly
lance-shaped, yellowish-green, then deep
green fronds, with oblong to oval, spiny-
edged, glossy pinnae, are produced on
stems often covered in brown scales.

Z3-8 H8-1.

P. braunii. Evergreen or semievergreen
fern. H and S 18-30in (45-75cm). Produces
rosette of spreading to arching, lance¬
shaped, divided, dark green fronds. Young
fronds are densely covered with orange-
brown scales when unfurling in spring.
Z3-8 H8-1.

P munition, illus. p.293.

P polyblepharum (Japanese tassel fern).
Evergreen fern. H 24-32in (60-80cm),

S 36in (90cm).Produces "shuttlecocks" of
spreading, lance-shaped, divided, shiny,
dark green fronds, covered with golden
hairs when they unfurl. Pinnae lobes are
oblong-ovate and have spiny-toothed
margins. Z6-8 H8-5.

P rigens. Evergreen fern. H 16in (40cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has "shuttlecocks" of
narrowly ovate-oblong, divided, leathery,
harsh-textured, dull green fronds. Broad,
lance-shaped pinnae are divided into ovate,
spiny-toothed lobes. Fronds are yellowish-
green in spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

P setiferum (Hedge fern). Z6-9 H9-6.
Divisilobum Group, syn. P setiferum
'Divisilobum', illus. p.291. ■'Divisilobum'.
See P setiferum Divisilobum Group.
Plumosodivisilobum Group, illus. p.291.
'Pulcherrimum Bevis', syn. Polystichium
aculeatum 'Pulcherrimum', illus. p.290.

P tsussimense, illus. p.292.

PONCIRUS

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of one species of very spiny,
deciduous shrub or small tree, grown for
its foliage, showy flowers and orange-like
fruits. Is very effective as a protective
hedge. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Cut out dead wood in spring, and trim
hedges in early summer. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
when ripe, in fall.

P trifoliata (Japanese bitter orange),
illus. p.142. Deciduous, bushy shrub or
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Sturdy, spiny, green
shoots bear dark green leaves, divided into
3 oval leaflets. Has fragrant, white flowers,
with 4 or 5 large petals, in late spring and
often again in fall. Rounded fruits are
3 /4-lV4in (2-3cm) wide. Z5-9 H9-5.

PONERORCHIS

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

P graminifolia. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid for an alpine greenhouse. H 6in
(15cm), S 4in (10cm). Terminal racemes of
variable 2-15 flowers, with 3-lobed lips and
pronounced spurs, are borne in late spring
and summer in shades of pink, purple and
white. Has 2-4 narrowly linear leaves, to
6in (15cm) long.

PONTEDERIA

Pickerel weed
PONTEDERIACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their foliage and
flower spikes. Needs full sun and up to
9in (23cm) depth of water. Remove fading
flowers regularly. Propagate in spring by
division or seed.

P cordata , illus. p.441.

POPULUS

Aspen, CottonwoodPoplar
SALICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
habit, foliage and very quick growth. Has
catkins in late winter or spring. Female
trees produce copious amounts of fluffy,
white seeds. Prefers full sun and needs
deep, fertile, moist but well-drained soil;
resents dry soil, apart from P. alba , which
thrives in coastal gardens. Extensive root
systems can undermine foundations and
so make poplars unsuitable for planting
close to buildings, particularly on clay soil.
Propagate by hardwood cuttings in winter.
Is susceptible to bacterial canker and
fungal diseases.

P. alba , illus. p.60. Is much confused
with the commoner P. x canescens. Z4-9
H9-1. f. pyramidalis, syn. P. alba
Tyramidalis' is a vigorous, deciduous,
upright tree. H 70ft (20m), S 15ft (5m).
Broadly oval, wavy-margined or lobed,
dark green leaves, white beneath, turn
yellow in fall. 'Raket', syn. P. alba
'Rocket', S25ft (8m), is narrowly conical.
'Richardii', H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m),
has leaves golden-yellow above.

'Rocket'. See P. alba 'Raket'.

P. balsamifera (Balsam poplar,
Tacamahac). Fast-growing, deciduous,
upright tree. H 100ft (30m), S 25ft (8m).
Oval, glossy, dark green leaves, whitish
beneath, have strong fragrance of balsam
when young. Z5-9 H9-5.

P x berolinensis (Berlin poplar).
Deciduous, columnar tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 25ft (8m). Has broadly oval, bright green
leaves, white beneath. Z2-8 H8-1.

P x canadensis (Canadian poplar). Z5-9
H9-5. 'Eugenei' is a deciduous, columnar
tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m). Has
broadly oval, bronze, young leaves,
maturing to dark green, and red catkins in
spring. 'Robusta', illus. p.62. 'Serotina
de Selys', syn. P. x canadensis 'Serotina
Erecta', illus. p.61. 'Serotina Erecta'.

See P. x canadensis 'Serotina de Selys'.

P x candicans of gardens. See P. xjackii.

P. x canescens, illus. p.60.

P deltoides (Cottonwood, Eastern
cottonwood. Necklace poplar). Very fast¬
growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 100ft (30m), S 70ft (20m). Has lush growth
of broadly oval, glossy, bright green leaves.
Z3-9 H9-1.

P gileadensis. See P xjackii.

P x jackii, syn. P. x candicans,

P gileadensis (Balm of Gilead). Very fast¬
growing, deciduous, conical tree. H 80ft
(25m), S 30ft (10m). Oval leaves are dark
green and, when young, balsam-scented.

Is very susceptible to canker. Z4-9 H9-1.
'Aurora', H 50ft (15m) or more, S 20ft
(6m), has leaves that are heavily but
irregularly blotched with creamy-white.

P lasiocarpa (Chinese necklace poplar).
Very fast-growing, deciduous, spreading
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has sturdy
shoots and very large, heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves with red veins, on long,
red stalks. Bears sturdy, drooping, yellow
catkins in spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

P maximowiczii, illus. p.61.

P nigra (Black poplar). Fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 70ft (20m). Has dark bark. Diamond¬
shaped, bronze young leaves turn bright
green, then yellow in fall. Male trees bear
red catkins in mid-spring. Z3-9 H9-1.
'Italica', illus. p.63.

P szechuanica. Very fast-growing,
deciduous, conical tree. H 80ft (25m), S 30ft
(10m). Has flaking, pinkish-gray bark and
large, heart-shaped, dark green leaves.

Z4-9 H9-1.

P tremula (European aspen). Vigorous,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). Rounded leaves are bronze-
red when young, gray-green when mature,
and yellow in fall. Flattened stalks make
foliage tremble and rattle in wind. Z2-8
H8-1. 'Erecta', S 15ft (5m), has an upright
habit. 'Pendula', illus. p.74.

P tremuloides (Quaking aspen). Very
fast-growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 50ft (15m) or more, S 30ft (10m). Has
rounded, finely toothed, glossy, dark green
leaves that flutter in the wind and turn
yellow in fall. Zl-8 H8-1.

P trichocarpa (Black cottonwood.
Western balsam poplar). Very fast¬
growing, deciduous, conical tree.

H 100ft (30m) or more, S 30ft (10m).

Bears dense growth of oval, glossy, dark
green leaves with green-veined, white
undersides, strongly balsam-scented
when young. Foliage turns yellow in
fall. Z4-9 H9-1.

PORANA

CONVOLVULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous,
twining climbers, grown for their flowers.
Needs full light and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Water freely in full
growth, sparingly in cold weather. Stems
require support. Thin out evergreen
species and cut back deciduous ones to
just above ground level in late winter
or early spring. Propagate by basal,
softwood cuttings in late spring or early
summer or by seed in spring.

P paniculata (Snow in the jungle. White
corallita). Vigorous, evergreen, twining
climber. H 20-30ft (6-10m). Large, loose
panicles of small, elder-scented, trumpet¬
shaped, white flowers are produced from
late summer to mid-winter. Leaves are
heart-shaped. Z13-15 H12-1.

POTENTILLA

PORTULACA

Purslane, Rose moss
PORTULACACEAE ~

Genus of fleshy annuals and perennials,
grown for their showy, cup-shaped
flowers, which open in sun and close in
shade. Needs full light and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed sown under glass
in early spring or outdoors in late spring.

Is prone to attack by aphids.

P grandiflora (Moss rose. Rose moss.

Sun plant). Slow-growing, partially
prostrate annual. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has lance-shaped, succulent, bright
green leaves. In summer and early fall
bears shallowly bowl-shaped flowers, lin
(2.5cm) wide, with conspicuous stamens,
in shades of yellow, red, orange, pink or
white. Z9-11 H12-1. Minilaca Hybrids
are compact and have double flowers.
Sundance Hybrids are semi-trailing
and have semidouble or double flowers,

2in (5cm) wide, in broad range of colors.
Sundial Series have double flowers in
broad color range. Are bred for longer
flowering in poor conditions and cooler
climates. Sundial Series 'Mango', illus.
p.324.

PORTULACARIA

PORTULACACEAE/DIDIEREACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen or
semievergreen, succulent-leaved shrub,
grown for its foliage. Needs full sun and
well-drained soil. Water container plants
moderately when in full growth, sparingly
at other times. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

P afra, illus. p.457. 'Foliisvariegatus',

syn. P. afra 'Variegatus' is an evergreen or
semievergreen, erect shrub with more or
less horizontal branches. H and S 6-10ft
(2-3m). Has oval to rounded, fleshy, cream-
edged, bright green leaves. From late
spring to summer bears tiny, star-shaped,
pale pink flowers in small clusters. Z13-15
H12-10. 'Variegatus'. See P afra
'Foliisvariegatus'.

POTAMOGETON

POTAMOGETONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
water plants, grown for their foliage.

Is suitable for cold-water ponds and
aquariums. Prefers sun. Remove fading
foliage and thin plants as necessary.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring
or summer.

P crispus, illus. p.442.

P pectinatus (Fennel-leaved pondweed).
Deciduous, perennial, submerged water
plant. SI Oft (3m). Has very narrow, linear,
green to brownish-green leaves, and
produces inconspicuous flowers in
summer. Is suitable for a medium to large
pond.

POTENTILLA

Cinquefoil

ROSACEAE

Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs,
grown for their clusters of small, flattish to
saucer-shaped flowers and for their foliage.
Tall species—particularly the shrubs—are
useful in borders. Dwarf potentillas are

667

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

POTENTILLA

P

668

good for rock gardens. Prefers full sun, but
flower color is better on orange-, red- and
pink-flowered cultivars if they are shaded
from hottest sun. Needs well-drained soil.
Propagate perennial species by seed in fall
or by division in spring or fall, and selected
forms by division only in spring or fall;
shrubby species may be raised by seed in
fall or by softwood or greenwood cuttings
in summer, and selected forms by softwood
or greenwood cuttings in summer.

P 'Abbotswood'. See P. fruticosa
'Abbotswood'.

P. alba, illus. p.359.

P. arbuscula. See P. fruticosa var.
arbuscula.

P. 'Arc-en-ciel', illus. p.268.

P. argyrophylla. See P. atrosanguinea var.
argyrophylla.

P. atrosanguinea, illus. p.269. var.
argyrophylla, syn. P. argyrophylla is a
clump-forming perennial. H 18in (45cm),

S 24in (60cm). Saucer-shaped, yellow or
yellow-orange flowers are produced in
profusion from early to late summer above
strawberry-like, silvery leaves.

P. aurea, illus. p.372.

P. 'Beesii'. See P. fruticosa 'Beesii'.

P. crantzii (Alpine cinquefoil). Upright
perennial with thick, woody rootstock.

H and S 4-8in (10-20cm). Produces wedge-
shaped, 5-lobed leaves and, in spring,
flattish, orange-centered, yellow flowers.

Is good in a rock garden. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. davurica var. mandschurica of
gardens. See P. fruticosa 'Manchu'.

P 'Daydawn'. See P. fruticosa 'Daydawn'.
P. 'Elizabeth'. See P. fruticosa 'Elizabeth'.
P. eriocarpa, illus. p.372.

P 'Etna'. Clump-forming perennial.

H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). In mid¬
summer produces saucer-shaped, maroon
flowers above strawberry-like, dark green
leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. fruticosa (Shrubby cinquefoil).
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). From late spring to late
summer produces saucer-shaped, bright
yellow flowers. Dark green leaves are
divided into 5 narrowly oblong leaflets.
Z3-7 H7-1. 'Abbotswood', syn.

P. 'Abbotswood', illus. p.149. var.
arbuscula, syn. P. arbuscula, S4ft (1.2m),
bears golden-yellow flowers amid gray-
green to silver-gray leaves. 'Beesii', syn.

P. 'Beesii', P. 'Nana Argentea', H 30in
(75cm), S 3ft (lm), is slow-growing and
compact. Has golden-yellow flowers and
silver leaves. 'Daydawn', syn.

P. 'Daydawn', illus. p.162. 'Elizabeth', syn.
P. 'Elizabeth', illus. p.160. 'Farrer's
White', illus. p.149. 'Friedrichsenii',
illus. p.160. 'Gold Drop', syn. P. parvifolia
'Gold Drop', H and S 4ft (1.2m), bears a
mass of golden-yellow flowers amid bright
green leaves. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Goldfinger',
syn. P. 'Goldfinger' bears large, rich yellow
flowers in profusion. 'Jackman's
Variety', syn. P. 'Jackman's Variety',

H 4ft (1.2m), has large, bright yellow
flowers. 'Maanelys', syn. P. 'Maanelys',

P. 'Manelys', P. 'Moonlight', H 4ft (1.2m),

S 6ft (2m), has soft yellow flowers and gray-
green foliage. 'Manchu', syn. P. davurica
var. mandschurica, P. 'Manchu' has pure
white flowers and silvery-gray leaves. 'Red
Ace', syn. P. 'Red Ace', illus. p.156. 'Royal
Flush', syn. P. 'Royal Flush', H 18in (45cm),
S 30in (75cm), produces mid-green leaves

and sometimes semidouble, yellow-
stamened, rich pink flowers, fading to
white in full sun. 'Sunset', syn. P. 'Sunset',
illus. p.162. 'Tangerine', syn.

P. 'Tangerine', H 4ft (1.2m), bears yellow
flowers, flushed with pale orange-red, amid
mid-green leaves. 'Vilmoriniana', syn.

P. 'Vilmoriniana', illus. p.159.

P. 'Gibson's Scarlet'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears
saucer-shaped, brilliant scarlet flowers
from mid- to late summer. Dark green
leaves are strawberry-like. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. 'Gloire de Nancy', syn. P. 'Glory of
Nancy'. Clump-forming perennial. H and
S 18in (45cm). Very large, saucer-shaped,
semidouble, orange and coppery-red
flowers are produced throughout summer.
Has strawberry-like, dark green leaves.
Z5-8 H8-5.

P. 'Glory of Nancy'. See P. 'Gloire de
Nancy'.

P 'Goldfinger'. See P. fruticosa
'Goldfinger'.

P 'Jackman's Variety'. See P. fruticosa
'Jackman's Variety'.

P. 'Maanelys'. See P. fruticosa 'Maanelys'.
P 'Manchu'. See P. fruticosa 'Manchu'.

P. 'Manelys'. See P. fruticosa 'Maanelys'.

P megalantha, illus. p.276.

P 'Monsieur Rouillard'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears
saucer-shaped, double, blood-red flowers
in summer above strawberry-like, dark
green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

P 'Moonlight'. See P. fruticosa
'Maanelys'.

P. 'Nana Argentea'. See P. fruticosa
'Beesii'.

P. nepalensis 'Miss Willmott', illus.
p.265.

P. nitida. Dense, mat-forming perennial.

H l-2in (2.5-5cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
rounded, 3-lobed, silver leaves. Flower
stems each bear 1-2 rose-pink flowers,
with dark centers, in early summer. Is often
shy-flowering. Is suitable for a rock garden
or trough.

P parvifolia 'Gold Drop'. See

P. fruticosa 'Gold Drop'.

P. recta. Clump-forming, hairy perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). From early to
late summer bears pale yellow flowers. Gray-
green to mid-green leaves are divided into 3
toothed leaflets. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Macrantha'.
See P. recta 'Warrenii'. 'Warrenii', syn. P.
recta 'Macrantha' has rich, golden-yellow
flowers throughout summer.

P. 'Red Ace'. See P. fruticosa 'Red Ace'.

P 'Royal Flush'. See P. fruticosa 'Royal
Flush'.

P. 'Sunset'. See P. fruticosa 'Sunset'.

P 'Tangerine'. See P. fruticosa
'Tangerine'.

P x tonguei. Mat-forming perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S lOin (25cm). Has rounded,

3-5 lobed, green leaves. Prostrate branches
bear flattish, orange-yellow flowers, with
red centers, in summer. Is good for a rock
garden. Z5-10 H8-3.

P 'Vilmoriniana'. See P. fruticosa
'Vilmoriniana'.

P. 'William Rollison'. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). From mid-
to late summer bears saucer-shaped,
semidouble, scarlet-suffused, deep orange
flowers, with yellow centers. Has dark
green leaves. Z4-7 H7-1.

P 'Yellow Queen'. Clump-forming
perennial. H to 24in (60cm) or more, S 18in

(45cm). Has strawberry-like, dark green
leaves. Produces bright yellow flowers in
mid-summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

Pothos. See Epipremnum.

x Potinara Cherub gx 'Spring
Daffodil'. See x Rhyncattleanthe Cherub
gx 'Spring Daffodil'.

Pratia angulata. See Lobelia angulata.

Pratia pendunculata. See Lobelia
pedunculata.

PRIMULA

Primrose

PRIMULACEAE

Genus of mainly herbaceous perennials,
some woody-based and evergreen. All have
leaves in basal rosettes and tubular, bell- or
primrose-shaped flowers. In some primulas,
the flower stems, leaves, sepals and,
occasionally, sections of the petals are
covered with a waxy powder known as
farina. There are primulas suitable for
almost every type of site: the border, scree
garden, rock garden, peat garden, bog
garden, pond margin, greenhouse and
alpine house. Some may be difficult to grow
as they dislike winter damp or summer
heat. Repot pot-grown plants annually.

Tidy up fading foliage and deadhead as
flowering ceases. Propagate species by seed
when fresh or in spring, selected forms
when dormant, by division in fall-spring
or by root cuttings in winter, auricula
primulas by offsets in early spring or early
fall. Border cultivars may be prone to slug
damage in damp places and to attack by
root aphids when grown in very dry
conditions or in pots. Primulas are divided
into many different horticultural groups,
of which the following are in common use.
See also feature panel pp.258-9.

Auricula primulas

These are evergreen primulas, derived
from hybrids between P. auricula and
P hirsuta, producing flat, smooth flowers
carried in an umbel on a stem above the
foliage. There are 3 main subgroups:
alpine, show and border.

Alpine Auricula Group. In these, the
color of the flower center is strikingly
different from that of the petals. They may
be either light-centered (white or pale in
the center) or gold-centered (yellow or gold
in the center). There is no meal or "farina"
on either leaves or flowers. Grow in an
alpine house or rock garden.

Show Auricula Group has flowers with
a distinct circle of white meal or "paste" in
the center. Some are self-colored, with one
color, which may be red, yellow, blue or
violet, from the central paste to the petal
margins; edged cultivars have a black ring
surrounding the central paste, feathering
out to an often green, gray or white
margin; in fancy cultivars, the paste is
surrounded by a color other than black,
with a green, gray or white margin. Show
Auriculas have white farina on their foliage
(except those with green-edged flowers),
on their flower eyes and, sometimes, on
their petal margins. Grow under glass to
protect flowers from rain.

Border Auricula Group has generally
robust, garden Auricula primulas, which
are often very fragrant. Some have farina
on flower stems and leaves. Grow in a
mixed or herbaceous border.

Candelabra primulas

These are robust, herbaceous perennials
with tubular, flat-faced flowers borne in
tiered whorls up tall, sturdy stems. Some
are deciduous, dying back to basal buds;
others are semievergreen, dying back to
reduced rosettes. Grow in moist shade or
woodland, especially by streams.
Primrose-Polyanthus primulas
A diverse group of evergreen,
semievergreen or deciduous perennial
hybrids, derived from P. vulgaris, crossed
with P. veris, P. juliae and other species.
They are divided into two main groups.
Primrose Group Most produce solitary
flowers among the leaves. Are mainly
grown as herbaceous perennials, flowering
in spring, or as biennial greenhouse
container plants flowering in winter¬
spring.

Polyanthus Group Produce flowers
in long-stalked umbels. Usually grown as
biennials for bedding, sown in summer to
flower in winter and the following spring,
or under glass as winter- and spring¬
flowering container plants.

Cultivation

Primulas have varying cultivation
requirements. For ease of reference, these
have been grouped as follows:

1— Full sun or partial shade, in moist, but
well-drained, rich soil.

2— Partial shade, in deep, rich, moist,
neutral to acidic soil.

3— Deep or partial shade, in peaty, gritty,
moist but very well-drained, acidic soil.
Protect from excessive winter wet.

4— Under glass in an alpine house or
frame. Avoid wetting foliage of mealy
species and hybrids.

5— Full sun with some midday shade,
or partial shade, in rich, moist but well-
drained, gritty, slightly alkaline soil.

6— In a cool or temperate greenhouse,

or as a houseplant, in bright, filtered light.
P. 'Adrian'. Alpine Auricula primula.

H and S 4in (10cm). Produces flat, light to
dark blue flowers, with light centers and
paler margins, from mid- to late spring.
Leaves are oval to rounded and mid-green.
Is useful for exhibition. Cultivation group
1 or 4. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. allionii, illus. p.257. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 3-4in (7-10cm),

S 8in (20cm). Better grown in an alpine
house. Tubular, rose, mauve or white
flowers cover a tight cushion of oval, mid¬
green leaves in spring. Cultivation group 4.
Z4-8 H8-1.

P alpicola, illus. p.259. Compact, rosette¬
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 12in
(30cm). Produces terminal clusters of
pendent, bell-shaped, yellow to white or
purple flowers, on slender stems, in early
summer. Mid-green leaves are oval to
lance-shaped. Cultivation group 2. Z4-8
H8-1. var. alpicola, syn. P. alpicola var.
luna has soft sulfur-yellow flowers, var.
luna. See P. alpicola var. alpicola.

P. aurantiaca. Small, rosette-forming
Candelabra primula. H 12in (30cm), S 16in
(40cm). Tubular, reddish-orange flowers are
borne in early summer. Has long, broadly
oval to lance-shaped, coarse, mid-green
leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5-8 H8-1.

P. aureata, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in
(20cm). Bears small umbels of flat, cream to

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PRIMULA

yellow flowers in spring. In summer, oval,
toothed, mid-green leaves have purple-red
midribs; in winter, leaves form tight buds
covered with whitish farina. Cultivation
group 3 or 4. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. auricula. Rosette-forming, evergreen,
sometimes white-mealy perennial. H 8in
(20cm), S lOin (25cm). Bears fragrant, flat,
yellow flowers, in large umbels, in spring.
Oval, soft, pale green to gray-green leaves
are densely covered with white farina.
Cultivation group 1, 4 or 5. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. Barnhaven Blues Group, illus. p.258.
Vigorous, rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen. Primrose Group primula.

H and S 6-8in (15-20cm). Flat flowers in a
range of mainly dark blue shades, all with
small, yellow eyes, are borne singly on
reddish stems in spring. Have long, oval,
slightly purple-tinted, green leaves.
Cultivation group 1 or 2.

P. beesiana, syn. P. bulleyana subsp.
beesiana, illus. p.258. Rosette-forming,
deciduous or semievergreen. Candelabra
primula. H and S 2ft (60cm). In summer,
sturdy, white-mealy stems bear whorls of
tubular, yellow-eyed, reddish-pink flowers.
Has inversely lance-shaped to oval,
toothed, mid-green leaves, with red
midribs. Cultivation group 2. Z5-8 H8-5.

P Belarina Series. Vigorous, rosette¬
forming, evergreen or semievergreen.
Primrose Group primula. H 6in (15cm),

S 9in (23cm). Have oval to lance-shaped,
dark green leaves. In late winter and spring
produce flat, fully double flowers, with
slightly ruffled petals. Cultivation group 1
or 2. 'Belarina Cobalt Blue' (illus. p.258)
has very dark green leaves and vivid deep
blue flowers. Belarina Pink Ice
('Kerbelpice'), illus. p.303.

P bhutanica 'S her riff's Variety', syn.

P. whitei 'Sherriff's Variety'. Rosette¬
forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in
(20cm). Often short-lived. In spring
produces neat umbels of tubular, pale ice-
blue to sky-blue flowers, with strongly-
toothed petals and greenish-yellow eye
surrounded by broad, white zone, close to
oval to lance-shaped, crinkled, mid-green
leaves. Cultivation group 3.

P 'Biairside Yellow', illus. p.259.
Compact, border Auricula primula. H 4in
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). In early spring, bell¬
shaped, golden-yellow flowers nestle in
rosette of tiny, rounded to oval, pale green
leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 5. Z4-8
H8-1.

P. 'Blossom'. Vigorous, alpine Auricula
primula. H and S 4in (10cm). Flat, deep
crimson to bright red flowers, with golden
centers, are borne profusely in spring. Has
oval, dark green leaves. Is suitable for
exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4. Z4-8
H8-1.

P. bulleyana , illus. p.259. Rosette¬
forming, semievergreen. Candelabra
primula. H and S 24in (60cm). Tubular,
deep orange flowers are produced in early
summer. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped,
toothed and dark green. Cultivation group
2. Z5-8 H8-5. subsp. beesiana. See
P. beesiana.

P. Charisma Series. Rosette-forming,
semievergreen or evergreen. Primrose
Group primulas, usually grown as
biennials. H and S 8in (20cm). Have
inversely oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves.
In spring produce tubular flowers in

variety of different colors or self-colored.
Cultivation group 1, 2, or 6. 'Charisma
Blue' (illus. p.258) has yellow-eyed, blue to
purple-blue flowers. 'Charisma Bed' (illus.
p.257) has pink to red flowers, with yellow
centers.

P. chionantha subsp. melanops, syn.

P. melanops. Rosette-forming perennial.

H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm). In summer
has umbels of pendent, narrowly funnel-
shaped, deep violet-purple flowers, with
black eyes, above long, strap-shaped, mid¬
green leaves. Cultivation group 2 or 4.

Z4-8 H8-1.

P. 'Chloe'. Green-edged, show Auricula
primula. H and S 4in (10cm). In late spring
produces flat, dark-green-edged flowers
with black body color and brilliant white
paste centers. Oval leaves are dark green
and have no farina. Is good for exhibition.
Cultivation group 4. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. chungensis, illus. p.259. Vigorous,
rosette-forming Candelabra primula.

H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm). In summer
bears tiered whorls of tubular, orange
flowers among oval to lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves. Cultivation group 2. Z5-8
H8-5.

P. clarkei. Small, rosette-forming
perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). In
spring has flat, rose-pink flowers, with
yellow eyes, just above clump of rounded
to oval, pale green leaves. Cultivation
group 2 or 4. Divide in late winter. Z6-8
H8-6.

P. clusiana. Small, rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6in
(15cm). In spring bears umbels of tubular,
rose-pink flowers, with white eyes. Leaves
are oval, glossy and mid-green. Cultivation
group 4 or 5. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. 'Craddock White'. Rosette-forming,
deciduous or semievergreen. Primrose
Group primula. H to 5in (12cm), S lOin
(25cm). Fragrant, upward-facing, flat,
white flowers, with yellow eyes, are borne
in spring just above long, oval, red-veined,
dark green leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2.
Z4-8 H8-1.

P Crescendo Series, illus. p.258.
Rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen. Polyanthus Group primula,
usually grown as biennials. H and S 8in
(20cm). Have inversely oval, wrinkled, dark
green leaves. In spring produce umbels of
flat, yellow-centered flowers. Cultivation
group 1 or 2. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Crescendo
Bright Bed' (illus. p.258) has bright scarlet
flowers. 'Crescendo Pink and Bose
Shades' (illus. p.257) produces flowers in
shades of rich purplish-pink.

P. 'David Green'. Rosette-forming,
Primrose Group primula. H 4in (10cm),

S 6-8in (15-20cm). In spring produces flat,
bright crimson-purple flowers amid oval,
coarse, mid-green leaves. Cultivation group
lor 2.

P. 'Dawn Anseli', illus. p.257. Vigorous,
evergreen or semievergreen. Primrose
Group primula. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm).
Has oval to lance-shaped, slightly toothed,
fresh green leaves. In spring produces
double, white flowers set in an enlarged,
leafy green calyx. Cultivation group 2.

P. denticulata (Drumstick primula).
Robust, rosette-forming perennial. H and
S 18in (45cm). From early to mid-spring,
dense, rounded heads of flat, lilac, purple,
or pink flowers are borne on tops of sturdy

stems. Mid-green leaves are broadly lance¬
shaped and toothed. Cultivation group 1
or 2. Z2-8 H8-1. var. alba (illus. p.257) has
white flowers.

P 'Don Keefe', illus. p.258. Vigorous,
rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen. Polyanthus Group primula.
H and S 8in (20cm). Reddish stems bear
umbels of flat, slightly wavy, soft orange-
red flowers, with tiny yellow eyes, in
spring. Has long, oval, dark green leaves.
Cultivation group 2.

P 'Dreamer'. Rosette-forming, Primrose
Group primula. H 3^-in (8-10cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Has oval leaves and, in spring,
bears flat flowers in cream, apricot, pink
or rose-pink; all bicolors have darker eyes
and yellow centers. Cultivation group 2.

P edgeworthii. See P. nana.

P. elatior (Oxlip), illus. p.259. Variable,
rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S lOin (25cm). Has umbels of small,
fragrant, tubular, yellow flowers, in spring,
held above neat, oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, mid-green leaves. Cultivation
group 1 or 2. Z4-8 H8-1.

P 'Elizabeth Killelay', illus. p.258.
Vigorous, rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen. Polyanthus Group primula.
H and S 8in (20cm). Small, fragrant, double,
maroon flowers, with creamy edge to each
petal and yellow eye, are borne in umbels
on reddish stems in spring. Has long, oval,
dark green leaves. Cultivation group 2.

P 'E.R. Janes'. Vigorous, rosette¬
forming, semievergreen. Primrose Group
primula. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12-16in (30—
40cm). Flat, pale rose-pink flowers, flushed
with orange, are borne in spring amid
broadly oval, toothed, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. farinosa (Bird's-eye primrose). Rosette¬
forming perennial. H and S lOin (25cm). In
spring, umbels of tubular, lilac-pink,
occasionally white, flowers are borne on
short, sturdy stems. Oval, toothed, mid¬
green leaves are densely covered with
white farina. Cultivation group 2 or 4.

Z4-8 H8-1.

P. flaccida , syn. P. nutans of gardens. Lax,
rosette-forming, short-lived perennial.

H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm). In early
summer, each sturdy stem produces conical
head of pendent, bell-shaped, lavender or
violet flowers above narrowly oval, pale to
mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4.
Z4-8 H8-1.

P florindae , illus. p.445.

P forrestii, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in
(45cm). Dense umbels of flat, yellow flowers,
with orange eyes, are borne in late spring or
early summer. Has oval, toothed, dark green
leaves. Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z6-8 H8-6.
P 'Fransisca', illus. p.259. Vigorous,
rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen. Polyanthus Group primula.
H and S 8in (20cm) In spring has umbels
of large, flat, slightly ruffled, pale green
flowers, with large, star-shaped, yellow
eye marked with 5 slender, orange streaks.
Cultivation group 2.

P frondosa, illus. p.257. Compact,
rosette-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S lOin (25cm). In spring bears umbels of
flat, yellow-eyed, lilac-rose to reddish-
purple flowers, on short stems, above oval,
mid-green leaves, densely covered with

white farina. Cultivation group 2 or 4.
Z4-8H8-1.

P. 'Garryarde Guinevere'. See

P. 'Guinevere'.

P. Gold-laced Group, illus. p.259. Erect,
semievergreen or evergreen. Polyanthus
Group primulas. H lOin (25cm), S 12in
(30cm). Produce flat flowers, in variety of
colors, with gold-laced margins, from mid-
to late spring. Leaves are oval and mid¬
green, sometimes tinged red. Raise
annually by seed. Cultivation group 2 or 4.
Z5-8 H8-4.

P gracilipes. Rosette-forming, evergreen
or semievergreen perennial. H 4in (1cm),

S 8in (20cm). Solitary, tubular, purplish-
pink flowers, with greenish-yellow eyes,
are borne in spring or early summer
among oval, wavy, toothed, mid-green
leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z5-8 H8-5.
P. Grand Burgundy Series. Rosette¬
forming, semievergreen or evergreen.
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Have inversely oval, wrinkled,
mid- to dark green leaves. In spring
produce umbels of tubular, yellow-eyed
flowers in variety of colors. Cultivation
group 1, 2 or 6.

P. 'Guinevere', syn. P. 'Garryarde
Guinevere', illus. p.257. Vigorous, rosette¬
forming, evergreen. Polyanthus Group
primula. H 5in (12cm), S lOin (25cm). Flat,
purplish-pink flowers, with yellow eyes, are
produced in spring among oval, toothed,
bronze-green leaves. Cultivation group 2.

P 'Harlow Carr'. Rosette-forming,
Alpine Auricula primula. H 4-6in (10-5cm),
S 6-8in (15-20cm). In spring produces flat,
white flowers, on short stems, above oval,
soft, mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 1
or 4. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. helodoxa. See P. prolifera.

P. hirsuta, syn. P. rubra. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 4in (10cm), S lOin
(25cm). Produces small umbels of flat, rose
or lilac flowers in spring. Has small,
rounded to oval, sticky, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 1, 2, or 4. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. Husky Series. Rosette-forming,
evergreen or semievergreen. Primrose
Group primula, usually grown as a
biennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has inversely
oval, wrinkled, dark green leaves. In late
winter and spring produces flat, brightly
yellow-eyed flowers in 8 colors. Cultivation
group 1 or 2. [white], illus. p.257.

P 'Inverewe', illus. p.258. Vigorous,
rosette-forming, semievergreen.
Candelabra primula. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
(60cm). Tubular, bright orange-red flowers
are produced in summer on stems coated
with white farina. Has oval to lance¬
shaped, toothed, coarse, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 2. Z4-8 H8-1.

P ioessa. Rosette-forming perennial.

H and S 12in (30cm). Clustered heads of
funnel-shaped, pink or pinkish-mauve,
or sometimes white, flowers are borne
in spring or early summer above oval to
lance-shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 2, 3 or 4. Z5-8 H8-5.

P 'Janet'. Vigorous, rosette-forming,
alpine Auricula. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 6in
(15cm). In spring, clusters of outward¬
facing, flat, purplish-pink flowers are
produced above oval to rounded, soft,
mid-green leaves. Cultivation group 1
or 4. Propagate by offsets after flowering.
Z3-8H8-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PRIMULA

P. 'Janie Hill'. Rosette-forming, alpine
Auricula. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat,
dark to golden-brown flowers, with golden
centers, are produced in mid- to late
spring. Has oval, mid-green leaves. Is
useful for exhibition. Cultivation group

4 or 5. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. japonica (Japanese primrose). Robust,
rosette-forming. Candelabra primula.

H and S 18in (45cm). In early summer
produces tubular, deep red flowers, on
sturdy stems, above oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, coarse, pale green leaves.
Cultivation group 2. Z4-8 H8-1.

'Miller's Crimson', illus. p.257. Has
intense crimson flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Postford White', illus. p.257. Bears
white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. Joker Series. Compact, rosette¬
forming, evergreen or semievergreen
perennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S lOin (25cm).
Have short-stemmed, inversely lance¬
shaped to oval, mid-green leaves. In spring
produce tubular flowers, in range of colors,
including bicolors, with yellow or creamy-
yellow eyes. Are also available in selected
color variants. Z6-8 H8—6. 'Cherry' has
mid-pink petals with crimson bases. 'Red
and Gold' has golden-yellow flowers with
wide, red margins.

P. kewensis, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 8in
(20cm). Produces whorls of fragrant,
tubular, bright yellow flowers in early
spring. Oval to spoon-shaped, toothed,
mid-green leaves are sparsely covered
with white farina. Cultivation group 6.
Z9-11 H6-1.

P. 'Lady Greer', illus. p.257. Semi-
creeping, rosette-forming, semievergreen.
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has umbels of fragrant, funnel-
shaped, creamy-yellow flowers in spring.
Small, bright green leaves are produced
close to ground. Cultivation group 2.
Z3-8H8-1.

P. 'Linda Pope', syn. P. marginata 'Linda
Pope'. Vigorous, rosette-forming,
evergreen or semievergreen perennial
derived from P. marginata. H 6in (15cm),

5 12in (30cm). In spring bears flat, mauve-
blue flowers, on short stems, above oval,
toothed, mid-green leaves covered with
white farina. Cultivation group 4 or 5.
Z4-8H8-1.

P malacoides (Fairy primrose). Erect,
rosette-forming, evergreen perennial,
usually grown as an annual. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 8in (20cm). In winter-spring,
small, flat, single or double, pale lilac-
purple, reddish-pink and white flowers are
borne in whorls of decreasing size up
slender, softly hairy stems. Leaves are oval,
slightly frilly-margined, softly downy and
pale green. Cultivation group 6. Z8-10
H10-8.

P 'Margaret Martin', illus. p.259.
Rosette-forming, show Auricula primula.

H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears flat,
gray-edged flowers, with black body color
and white centers, in mid- to late spring.
Has spoon-shaped, gray-green leaves
covered with white farina. Is excellent for
exhibition. Cultivation group 4. Z4-8
H8-1.

670

P. marginata. Rosette-forming, evergreen
or semievergreen perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). In spring, clusters of funnel-
shaped, blue-lilac flowers are produced

above oval, toothed, mid-green leaves
densely covered with white farina.
Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Prichard's Variety' has lilac-purple
flowers with white eyes.

P marginata 'Linda Pope'. See P. 'Linda
Pope'.

P. 'Mark', illus. p.258. Vigorous, alpine
Auricula primula. H and S 4in (10cm).
Produces flat, pink flowers, with light
yellow centers, in spring. Has oval, vibrant
green leaves. Is good for exhibition.
Cultivation group 4. Z4-8 H8-1.

P 'Matthew Yates', illus. p.258.

Vigorous, double auricula. H and S 5in
(12cm). Produces fully double, very dark
blackish-red flowers, in tight trusses, in
spring. Leaves are inversely oval and
mid-green with some farina. Is good for
exhibition. Cultivation group 1 or 4.

P. melanops. See P. chionantha subsp.
melanops.

P. 'Miss Indigo', syn. P. vulgaris 'Miss
Indigo', illus. p.258. Vigorous, rosette¬
forming, evergreen or semievergreen
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 14in (35cm). Has
oval to lance-shaped, toothed, bright green
leaves. In spring produces flat, double,
deep rich purple flowers, with creamy-
white tips. Cultivation group 2. Z4-8 H8-1.
P modesta. Rosette-forming perennial.

H and S 8in (20cm). Dense heads of small,
tubular, pinkish-purple flowers, on short
stems, are produced in spring. Rounded to
oval, mid-green leaves are covered with
yellow farina. Cultivation group 1 or 4.

Z4-8 H8-1. var. fauriae , H and S 2in
(5cm), produces yellow-eyed, pinkish-
purple flowers and leaves covered with
white farina.

P. 'Moonstone'. Rosette-forming, Border
Auricula primula. H 5in (12cm), S 6in
(15cm). Rounded, double, whitish- or
greenish-yellow flowers are produced in
profusion in spring. Leaves are oval and
mid-green. Preferably, grow under glass.
Cultivation group 4 or 5. Z4-8 H8-1.

P 'Mrs. J.H. Wilson', syn. P. x pubescens
'Mrs. J.H. Wilson'. Rosette-forming, Alpine
Auricula primula. H and S 4-6in (10-15cm).
Bears small umbels of flat, white-centered,
purple flowers in spring. Oval leaves are
grayish-green. Cultivation group 1 or 4.
Z4-8 H8-1.

P. nana, syn. P. edgeworthii. Rosette¬
forming perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in
(15cm). Solitary, flat, pale mauve flowers,
with white eyes, are produced among oval,
toothed, pale green leaves in spring.
Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. nutans of gardens. See P. flaccida.

P. obconica. Erect, rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial, usually grown as an
annual. H 9-16in (23-40cm), S lOin (25cm).
Flat, purple, lilac or white flowers, with
yellow eyes, are borne in dense umbels in
winter-spring. Leaves are oval, toothed,
hairy and pale green. Cultivation group 6.
Z10-12 H6-1.

P. 'Orb'. Neat, Show Auricula primula.

H and S 4in (10cm). Flat, dark-green-edged
flowers, with black body color and central
zone of white paste, are produced from
mid- to late spring. Has spoon-shaped,
dark green leaves without farina. Is good
for exhibition. Cultivation group 4.

P. Pacific Series. Rosette-forming,
Polyanthus Group primulas, normally grown
as biennials. H and S 8-9in (20-22cm); dwarf:

H and S 4-6in (10-15cm). Have lance-shaped
leaves. Heads of large, fragrant, flat flowers,
in shades of blue, yellow, red, pink or white,
are produced in spring. Cultivation group 1,
2,4, or 6.

P palinuri, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H and S 12in (30cm).
One-sided clusters of semi-pendent,
narrowly funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, on
thick stems, are produced in early summer.
Has rounded to oval, lightly toothed, thick-
textured, powdered, green leaves.
Cultivation group 1 or 4; requires full sun.
Z6-8H8-1.

P. petiolaris. Rosette-forming, evergreen
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Solitary, tubular, purplish-pink flowers,
with toothed petals, are borne in spring.
Has small, oval, toothed, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 3 or 4. Z4-8 H8-1.

P poissonii. Rosette-forming, evergreen
perennial. H 18-20in (45-50cm), S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Has long, inversely lance¬
shaped, dark green leaves. Produces 4-5
whorls of tubular, plum-purple flowers,
with golden eyes, in early and mid-summer.
Cultivation Group 3.

P polyneura, illus. p.258. Rosette-forming
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Dense
heads of tubular, pale rose, rich rose or
purple-rose flowers are produced in late
spring or early summer. Rounded to oval,
shallowly lobed, downy, soft leaves are
mid-green. Cultivation group 2. Z3-8 H8-1.
P prolifera, syn. P. helodoxa, illus. p.445.
P. x pubescens 'Mrs. J.H. Wilson'. See
P. 'Mrs. J.H. Wilson'.

P pulverulenta, illus. p.258. Rosette¬
forming, Candelabra primula. H 36in
(90cm), S 24in (60cm). In early summer
bears tubular, deep red flowers, with
purple-red eyes, on stems covered with
white farina. Has broadly lance-shaped,
toothed, coarse, mid-green leaves.
Cultivation group 2. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Bartley'
has pink flowers.

P. reidii. Robust, rosette-forming
perennial. H 2-6in (5-15cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Produces dense clusters of
bell-shaped, pure white flowers, on slender
stems, in early summer. Has oval, hairy,
pale green leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4.
Z5-8 H8-5. var. williamsii is more robust
and has purplish-blue to pale blue flowers.
P rosea. Rosette-forming perennial.

H and S 8in (20cm). In early spring bears
small clusters of flat, glowing rose-pink
flowers, on short stems, among oval to
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, often
bronze-flushed when young. Cultivation
group 2. Z3-8 H8-1.

P 'Royal Velvet'. Vigorous, rosette¬
forming, Border Auricula primula. H and
S 6-8in (15-20cm). Flat, velvety, blue-
tinged, maroon flowers, with frilled petals
and large, creamy-yellow centers, are
produced in spring. Has large, spoon¬
shaped, pale green leaves. Cultivation
group 2 or 5.

P rubra. See P. hirsuta.

P. x scapeosa. Vigorous, rosette-forming
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S lOin (25cm).
Clusters of outward-facing, flat, mauve-
pink flowers, in early spring, are initially
hidden by broadly oval, sharply toothed,
mid-green leaves covered at first with
slight farina; later, flower stem elongates
above leaves. Cultivation group 3 or 4.
Z2-8H8-1.

P. secundiflora. Rosette-forming,
evergreen or semievergreen perennial.

H 24-36in (60-90cm), S 24in (60cm). Has
clusters of pendent, funnel-shaped,
reddish-purple flowers, in summer, above
lance-shaped, toothed leaves. Cultivation
group 2. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. sieboldii , illus. p.258. Rosette-forming
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm).
Umbels of flat, white, pink or purple
flowers, with white eyes, are borne above
oval, round-toothed, downy, soft, pale
green leaves in early summer. Cultivation
group 2. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Geisha Girl' (illus.
p.257) bears large, pink flowers, with
deeply cut petals. 'Sumina' bears large,
wisteria-blue flowers. 'Wine Lady' has
white flowers, strongly suffused with
purplish-red.

P. sikkimensis (Himalayan cowslip), illus.
p.259. Rosette-forming perennial. H 24-36in
(60-90cm), S 24in (60cm). Pendent clusters
of funnel-shaped, yellow flowers are borne
in summer. Has rounded to oval, toothed,
pale green leaves. Cultivation group 2.

Z4-8 H8-1.

P. sinensis. Erect, rosette-forming,
evergreen perennial. H and S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Flat, purple, purple-rose, pink
or white flowers, with yellow eyes, are
produced in neat whorls in winter-spring.
Leaves are oval, toothed, hairy and mid¬
green. Cultivation group 6. Z7-8 H8-7.

P. sonchifolia. Rosette-forming perennial.
H 2in (5cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces dense
umbels of tubular, blue-purple flowers,
with white eyes and yellow margins, in
spring. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped,
toothed and mid-green. Cultivation group
3 or 4. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. Super Giants Series. Rosette-forming
Polyanthus Group primulas, usually grown
as biennials. H and S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Produce large, fragrant, flat flowers, in
wide range of colors, in spring. Cultivation
group 1 or 2. Z6-8 H8-1.

P. 'Tawny Port'. Very dwarf, rosette¬
forming, evergreen or semievergreen.
Polyanthus Group primula. H 4-6in
(10-15cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Bears flat,
port-wine-colored flowers, on short stems,
in spring. Rounded to oval, toothed leaves
are reddish-green. Cultivation group 1, 2,
or 4. Z3-8H8-1.

P. 'Trouble', illus. p.259. Vigorous, double
auricula. H and S 5in (12cm). Leaves are
broad, inversely oval, mid-green and
irregularly toothed. Produces fully double
flowers, a blend of yellow and pink, resulting
in pale coffee-colored blooms borne in tight
trusses in spring. Cultivation group 1 or 4.

P. veris, illus. p.263. 'Katy McSparron'
(illus. p.259) is a rosette-forming, evergreen
or semievergreen perennial. H and S lOin
(25cm). Bears tight clusters of fragrant,
tubular, fully double, yellow flowers, with
enlarged, grayish calyx, in spring. Leaves
are oval to lance-shaped, toothed and mid¬
green. Cultivation group 1 or 2.

P. verticillata, illus. p.259. Rosette-forming
perennial. H 8-1 Oin (20-25cm), S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Fragrant, bell-shaped, yellow
flowers are borne in whorls in spring. Has
oval, toothed, mid-green leaves. Cultivation
group 4 or 6. Z3-8 H8-1.

P. vialii, illus. p.257. Rosette-forming,
often short-lived perennial. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Dense, conical
spikes of tubular, bluish-purple and red

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

flowers are produced in late spring. Has
lance-shaped, toothed, soft, mid-green
leaves. Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5-8
H8-5.

P vulgaris (Primrose), illus. p.259.
Rosette-forming, evergreen or
semievergreen perennial. H 8in (20cm),

S 14in (35cm). Solitary, flat, soft yellow
flowers, with darker eyes, are borne
among oval to lance-shaped, toothed,
bright green leaves in spring. Cultivation
group 2. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Alba Plena' (illus.
p.257) has double, white flowers. 'Gigha
White' is very floriferous and has yellow¬
eyed, white flowers. 'Lilacina Plena' is
vigorous and free-flowering, with fully
double, lilac-purple flowers. 'Miss
Indigo'. See P. 'Miss Indigo', subsp.
sibthorpii (illus. p.258) has pink or
purplish-pink flowers.

P. Wanda Supreme Series. Evergreen
or semievergreen perennials. H 3-4in
(8-10cm), S 6in (15cm). Have inversely lance¬
shaped to oval, bronze to dark green foliage.
From winter to mid-spring produce flowers
in different shades of blue, yellow, purple,
burgundy, red, rose and pink bicolors.
Cultivation group 1 or 2. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. warshenewskiana. Rosette-forming
perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in (15cm). Tiny,
flat, white-eyed, bright pink flowers are
borne just above spoon-shaped, dark green
leaves in early spring. Cultivation group 2
or 4. Divide clumps regularly in late winter
before flowering. Z4-8 H8-1.

P. whitei 'Sherriff's Variety'. See P.
bhutanica 'Sherriff's Variety'.

P. 'Woodland Walk', illus. p.257. Rosette¬
forming, evergreen or semievergreen.
Primrose Group primula. H and S 8in
(20cm). Has inversely oval, wrinkled,
bronze-tinted, dark green leaves. In late
winter and spring, flat flowers, with heart-
shaped petals, are borne on single stems
and range in color from faintly pink-tinted
white to vivid pink, each petal edged in
darker pink. Cultivation group 2.

P. 'Yellow Dream'. Rosette-forming,
Polyanthus Group primula. H and S 6-9in
(15-23cm). Has ovate, toothed leaves.
Produces large, fragrant, bright yellow
flower heads, with slightly darker yellow
centers, in late winter and spring.

PRINSEPIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, usually spiny, spring-
and early summer-flowering shrubs, grown
for their habit, flowers and fruits. Does well
against a south- or west-facing wall. Needs
sun and any not too dry soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall.

P. uniflora, illus. p.129.

PROBOSCIDEA

Unicorn plant

MARTYNIACEAE/PEDALIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials. Needs a
sunny, sheltered position and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in early spring.

P. fragrans. Moderately fast-growing,
upright annual. H 24in (60cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has rounded, serrated or lobed
leaves. Fragrant, bell-shaped, crimson-
purple flowers, in summer-fall, are

followed by rounded, horned, brown
fruits, 3-4in (8-10cm) long, which, if
gathered young, may be pickled and e
aten. Z8-9 H9-7.

P. jussieui. See P. louisianica.

P. louisianica, syn. P. jussieui,

P proboscidea, Martynia louisianica
(Common devil's claw. Common unicorn
plant. Ram's horn). Erect to spreading
annual. H 18in (45cm), S 36in (90cm). Has
rounded to ovate, unlobed leaves. In
summer bears funnel-shaped, fragrant,
reddish-purple to purple flowers, followed
by narrow, crested fruit, to 2 V 2 in (6cm)
long, with beaklike projections. Z7-9 H9-7.
P. proboscidea. See P. louisianica.

Prometheum sempervivoides. See

Sedum sempervivoides.

PROSTANTHERA

Mint bush

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and mint-scented foliage. Requires
full light or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Leggy stems may be cut back
after flowering. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

P. cuneata, illus. p.197.

P. lasianthos. Evergreen, erect shrub.

H and S to 6ft (2m). Has lance-shaped,
aromatic, mid-green leaves. In spring
produces masses of branched, terminal
panicles of 2-lipped, purple-tinted, white
or cream flowers.

P melissifolia. Evergreen, erect shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Has ovate to elliptic, very
aromatic, mid-green leaves. In summer
produces terminal racemes of 2-lipped,
bright lilac, purple or pink flowers.

P ovalifoiia, illus. p.457.

P rotundifolia, illus. p.138. 'Rosea', illus.
p.192.

PROTEA

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown mainly for their colorfully bracted
flower heads. Is difficult to grow. Requires
full light and well-drained, neutral to acidic
soil, low in phosphates and nitrates. Water
container specimens moderately, less when
not in full growth. Plants under glass must
have plenty of ventilation throughout the
year. Prune, if necessary, in early spring.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

P barbigera. See P. magnifica.

P cynaroides, illus. p.454.

P. magnifica, syn. P. barbigera (Woolly-
bearded protea). Evergreen, rounded to
spreading shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Has
oblong to elliptic, leathery, mid- to grayish-
green leaves. Spherical flower heads, 6-8in
(15-20cm) wide, with petal-like, pink, red,
yellow or white bracts, are borne in
spring-summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

P mellifera. See P. repens.

P neriifolia, illus. p.454.

P repens, syn. P. mellifera (Honey flower,
Sugarbush). Evergreen, ovoid to rounded
shrub. H and S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Mid-green
leaves are narrowly oblong to elliptic and
tinted blue-gray. In spring-summer

produces cup-shaped flower heads, 5in
(13cm) long, with petal-like, pink, red or
white bracts. Z9-10 H10-9.

PRUMNOPITYS

PODOCARPACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

P andina, syn. Podocarpus andinus (Plum
yew). Conifer with domed crown on several
stems. H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Has smooth,
gray-brown bark, needlelike, flattened,
bluish-green leaves and edible, yellowish-
white fruits like small plums. Z8-10 H10-8.

PRUNELLA

Selfheal

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of semievergreen perennials with
spreading mats of leaves from which arise
short, stubby flower spikes in mid-summer.
Is suitable for rock gardens. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring.

P grandiflora, syn. P. x webbiana, illus.
p.368. 'Loveliness' is a semievergreen,
basal-rosetted, groundcover perennial.

H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears
whorls of pale purple flowers in terminal
spikes on leafy stems in summer. May be
invasive; cut old flower stems before they
seed. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Pink Loveliness' bears
soft pink flowers in terminal spikes in
summer. Makes good groundcover, but
may be invasive. Cut off old flower stems
before they produce seed. Z5-8 H8-5.
'White Loveliness' has white flowers.
Z5-8 H8-5.

P x webbiana. See P. grandiflora.

PRUNUS

Almond, Cherry, Cherry laurel.
Nectarine, Peach, Plum

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees. The trees are grown mainly for
their single (5-petaled) to double flowers
and fall color; the shrubs for their fall color,
bark, flowers or fruits. All have oval to
oblong leaves. Evergreen species need sun
or partial shade; deciduous species prefer
full sun. All may be grown in any but
waterlogged soil. Trim deciduous hedges
after flowering, evergreen ones in early or
mid-spring. Propagate deciduous species
by seed in fall, deciduous hybrids and
selected forms by softwood cuttings in
summer, evergreens by semiripe cuttings
in summer. Birds may eat flower buds and
foliage may be attacked by aphids,
caterpillars and the fungal disease silver
leaf. Flowering cherries are prone to a
fungus that causes "witches' brooms"
(abnormal, crowded shoots). Certain
Prunus species and cultivars, notably
cultivars of the almond (P. dulcis ) and the
peach (P. persica), are grown for their
edible fruits. 0 Leaves and fruits of most
other species may cause severe discomfort
if ingested.

P 'Accolade', illus. p.83.

P 'Amanogawa'. Deciduous, upright
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 12ft (4m). Bears
fragrant, semidouble, pale pink flowers in
late spring. Oblong to oval, taper-pointed,
dark green leaves turn orange and red in
fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

PRUNUS

P amygdalopersica. See P. x

persicoides.

P. avium, illus. p.67. 'Plena', illus. p.71.

P x blireana. Deciduous, spreading shrub
or small tree. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears
double, pink flowers in mid-spring and has
oval, purple leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

P campanulata (Bell-flowered cherry,

Taiwan cherry). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 25ft (8m). Shallowly bell-shaped,
deep rose-red flowers are produced from
early to mid-spring, before or with oval,
taper-pointed, dark green leaves. Fruits are
small, rounded and reddish. Z7-8 H8-7.

P cerasifera (Cherry plum, Myrobalan).

Z4-8 H8-1. 'Nigra', illus. p.86. 'Pissardii'
is a deciduous, round-headed tree. H and
S 30ft (10m). Small, 5-petaled, pale pink
flowers open from early to mid-spring and
are often followed by edible, plumlike, red
fruits. Has oval, red, young leaves turning
deeper red, then purple. Is suitable for
hedging.

P 'Cheal's Weeping'. See P. 'Kiku-
shidare-zakura'.

P x cistena, illus. p.146.

P davidiana (David's peach). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Saucer¬
shaped, 5-petaled, white or pale pink
flowers are borne on slender shoots in late
winter and early spring, but are susceptible
to late frosts. Leaves are narrowly oval and
dark green. Fruits are rounded and
reddish. Z4-8 H8-1.

P dulcis (Common almond). 'Roseoplena'

is a deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft

(8m). Bears double, pink flowers in late

winter and early spring, before oblong,

pointed, toothed, dark green leaves. Z5-8

H8-5. P

P glandulosa. 'Alba Plena', illus. p.145.

'Rosea Plena'. See P. glandulosa 'Sinensis'.

Z5-8 H8-3. 'Sinensis', syn. P. glandulosa
'Rosea Plena' is a deciduous, rounded, open
shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Produces double,
bright rose-pink flowers in late spring and
oval, mid-green leaves. Rowers best when
grown against a south- or west-facing wall.

Cut back young shoots to within a few buds
of old wood after flowering. Z5-8 H8-3.

P 'Hally Jolivette'. Deciduous, rounded,
compact tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Double,
white flowers open from pink buds in late
spring. Leaves are oval and dark green.

Z6-8 H8-3.

P x hillieri 'Spire'. See P. 'Spire'.

P 'Hokusai', syn. P. 'Uzuzakura', illus.

p.82.

P incisa, illus. p.81. 'February Pink'

is a deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft
(8m). Oval, sharply toothed, dark green
leaves are reddish when young, orange-red
in fall. In mild, winter periods bears
5-petaled, pale pink flowers. Has tiny,
rounded, reddish fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

P jamasakura, syn. P. serrulata var.
spontanea, illus. p.71.

P 'Kanzan', illus. p.72.

P 'Kiku-shidare-zakura', syn.

P. 'Cheal's Weeping', illus. p.83.

P 'Kursar'. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 25ft (8m). Bears masses of small,

5-petaled, deep pink flowers in early
spring. Oval, dark green leaves turn
brilliant orange in fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

P laurocerasus (Cherry laurel, English
laurel). Evergreen, dense, bushy shrub
becoming spreading and open. H 20ft (6m), 671

S 30ft (10m). Has large, oblong, glossy.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PRUNUS

bright green leaves. Long spikes of small,
single, white flowers, from mid- to late
spring, are followed by cherry-shaped, red
then black fruits. Restrict growth by cutting
back hard in spring. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Otto
Luyken', illus. p.145. 'Schipkaensis',

H 6ft (2m), S 10ft (3m), has a spreading
habit, narrow leaves and freely borne
flowers in upright spikes. 'Zabeliana',
illus. p.145.

P. lusitanica (Laurel, Portugal laurel).
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub or
spreading tree. H and S 20-30ft (6-10m).
Reddish-purple shoots bear oval, glossy,
dark green leaves. Slender spikes of small,
fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers, in early
summer, are followed by egg-shaped,
fleshy, deep purple fruits. Restrict growth
by pruning hard in spring. Z7-9 H9-4.
subsp. azorica, illus. p.119. 'Variegata',
illus. p.119.

P. maackii (Amur cherry). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m).

Has peeling, yellowish-brown bark.
Produces spikes of small, white flowers in
mid-spring. Pointed, dark green leaves turn
yellow in fall. Z3-7 H7-1.

P mahaleb, illus. p.71.

P. 'Mount Fuji'. See P. 'Shirotae'.

P. mume (Japanese apricot). 'Beni-
chidori', syn. P. mume 'Beni-shidon', illus.
p.123. 'Beni-shidon'. See P. mume 'Beni-
chidori'. 'Omoi-no-mama', syn. P. mume
'Omoi-no-wac' is a deciduous, spreading
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has fragrant,
semidouble, occasionally single, pink-
flushed, white flowers wreathing young
growths in early spring, before broadly oval,
toothed leaves emerge. Sometimes produces
edible, apricot-like, yellow fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Pendula', H and S 20ft (6m), has weeping
branches and pink flowers. 'Omoi-no-
wac'. See P. mume 'Omoi-no-mama'.

P. 'Okame'. Deciduous, bushy-headed
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears masses
of 5-petaled, carmine-pink flowers in early
spring. Oval, sharply toothed, dark green
leaves turn orange-red in fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

P. padus (European bird cherry).
Deciduous, spreading tree, conical when
young. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Bears
fragrant, white flowers in pendent spikes in
late spring, followed by small, black fruits.
Dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. Z4-8
H8-1. 'Colorata', illus. p.72. 'Grandiflora'.
See P. padus 'Watereri'. 'Plena' has double,
pink flowers and oval, reddish-purple young
leaves that mature to dark green and then
turn to red or yellow in fall. 'Watereri',
syn. P. padus 'Grandiflora', illus. p.71. bears
long racemes of flowers from mid- to late
spring.

P. 'Pandora', illus. p.82.

P. pendula 'Pendula Rubra'. See

P. x subhirtella 'Pendula Rubra'. 'Stellata',
syn. P. 'Pink Star', P. x subhirtella 'Stellata',
illus. p.83.

P. pensylvanica (Pin cherry). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Has peeling, red-banded bark and oval,
taper-pointed, bright green leaves.
Produces clusters of small, star-shaped,
5-petaled, white flowers from mid- to late
spring, followed by small, pea-shaped, red
fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. persica (Peach). Z4-8 H8-1. 'Clara
Meyer' is a deciduous, spreading tree.
672 H 15ft (5m), S 20ft (6m). Bears double,
_ bright pink flowers in mid-spring. Has

slender, lance-shaped, bright green leaves.
Is susceptible to the fungal disease peach
leaf curl. 'Prince Charming', illus. p.83.

P x persicoides , syn. P. amygdalopersica.
Z6-8 H8-6. 'Pollardii' is a deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 22ft (7m). Large,
5-petaled, bright pink flowers are borne
from early to mid-spring, before oval, glossy,
mid-green leaves emerge. Green then brown
fruits are like almonds in shape and taste.

P. 'Pink Perfection', illus. p.83.

P. Pink Shell', illus. p.84.

P 'Pink Star'. See P. pendula 'Stellata'.

P. sargentii, illus. p.77.

P. serotina , illus. p.66.

P. serrula, illus. p.78. Deciduous, round-
headed tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has
gleaming, coppery-red bark that peels. In
late spring bears small, 5-petaled, white
flowers amid oval, tapering, toothed, dark
green leaves that turn yellow in fall. Fruits
are tiny, rounded and reddish-brown. Z6-8
H8-6.

P. serrulata var. spontanea. See

P. jamasakura.

P. 'Shimidsu'. SeeP. 'Shogetsu'.

P. 'Shirofugen', illus. p.83.

P. 'Shirotae', syn. P. 'Mount Fuji', illus. p.82.
P 'Shogetsu', syn. P. 'Shimidsu', illus. p.81.
P spinosa (Blackthorn, Sloe). 'Purpurea',
illus. p.115.

P. 'Spire', syn. P. x hillieri 'Spire',
illus. p.82.

P x subhirtella (Higan cherry. Rosebud
cherry). Deciduous, spreading tree. H and
S 25ft (8m). From early to mid-spring, a
profusion of small, 5-petaled, pale pink
flowers are produced before oval, taper-
pointed, dark green leaves, which turn
yellow in fall. Has small, rounded, reddish-
brown fruits. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Autumnalis'
has semidouble, white flowers, pink in bud,
in mild periods in winter. 'Pendula
Rubra', syn. P. pendula 'Pendula Rubra',
illus. p.83. 'Stellata'. See P. pendula
'Stellata'.

P. 'Taihaku', illus. p.82.

P. tenella, illus. p.146. 'Fire Hill' is a
deciduous, bushy shrub with upright, then
spreading branches. H and S 6ft (2m).
Narrowly oval, glossy, dark green leaves
are foil for small, almond-like, single, very
deep pink flowers borne profusely from
mid- to late spring, followed by small,
almond-like fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. tomentosa (Manchu cherry, Nanking
cherry). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has small, 5-petaled,
pale pink flowers, from early to mid-spring,
before oval, downy, dark green leaves
emerge. Fruits are spherical and bright
red. Thrives in hot summers. Z2-7 H7-1.

P 'Trailblazer'. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Bears 5-petaled,
white flowers, from early to mid-spring,
sometimes followed by edible, plumlike,
red fruits. Oval, light green, young leaves
mature to deep red-purple. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. triloba 'Multiplex'. Deciduous, bushy,
spreading tree or shrub. H and S 12ft (4m).
Double, pink flowers are borne in mid¬
spring. Has oval, dark green leaves, often
3-lobed, that turn yellow in fall. Does best
against a sunny wall. Cut back young
shoots to within a few buds of old wood
after flowering. Z6-8 H8-6.

P. 'Ukon', illus. p.82.

P. 'Uzuzakura'. See P. 'Hokusai'.

P virginiana (Choke cherry, Virginian

bird cherry). Z3-8 H8-1. 'Schubert' is a
deciduous, conical tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft
(8m). Produces dense spikes of small, star¬
shaped, white flowers, from mid- to late
spring, followed by dark purple-red fruits.
Has oval, pale green, young leaves, turning
deep reddish-purple in summer.

P. 'Yae-murasaki', illus. p.82.

P. x yedoensis , illus. p.82.

PSEUDERANTHEMUM

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown mainly for their foliage. Requires
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Tip-
prune young plants to promote a bushy
habit. Cut leggy plants back hard in spring.
Propagate by greenwood cuttings in
spring or summer. Whitefly may sometimes
be troublesome.

P. atropurpureum, syn. Eranthemum
atropurpureum. Evergreen, erect shrub.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S l-2ft (30-60cm). Has
oval, strongly purple-flushed leaves and,
mainly in summer, short spikes of tubular,
purple-marked, white flowers. Z13-15
H12-1.

PSEUDOCYDONIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous or
semievergreen, spring-flowering tree,
grown for its bark, flowers and fruits. It
is best grown against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Requires full sun and well-
drained soil. Does well only in hot
summers. Propagate by seed in fall.

P. sinensis, syn. Cydonia sinensis.
Deciduous or semievergreen, spreading
tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has flaking bark.
Shallowly cup-shaped, pink flowers, borne
from mid- to late spring, are followed after
hot summers by large, egg-shaped, yellow
fruits. Oval, finely toothed leaves are dark
green. Z6-8 H8-4.

Pseudofumaria alba. See Corydalis
ochroleuca of gardens.

Pseudofumaria lutea. See Corydalis
lutea.

Pseudofumaria ochroleuca. See

Corydalis ochroleuca of gardens.

PSEUDOGYNOXYS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and woody-
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for
their large, daisylike, yellow and orange
flowers. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings or layering
in summer or by seed in fall. 0 All parts
may cause severe discomfort if ingested.

P. chenopodioides, syn. Senecio confusus
(Mexican flame vine). Evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 10ft (3m) or
more. Bears clusters of daisylike, orange-
yellow flower heads, aging to orange-red,
mainly in summer. Z13-15 HI2-10.

PSEUDOLARIX

PINACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

P. amabilis, syn. P. kaempferi , illus. p.102.
P kaempferi. See P. amabilis.

Pseudolobivia aurea. See Echinopsis
aurea.

Pseudomuscari azureum. See Muscari
azureum.

PSEUDOPANAX

syn. NEOPANAX

ARALIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their unusual foliage and
fruits. Is excellent for landscaping and
may also be grown in large containers.
Insignificant flowers are produced in
summer. Needs sun or partial shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall or spring.

P. crassifolius (Lancewood). Evergreen
tree, unbranched for many years, then
becoming round-headed. H 20ft (6m),

S 6ft (2m). Dark green leaves are very
variable in shape on young trees, but
eventually become long, narrow, rigid and
downward-pointing on older specimens.
Female plants bear small, rounded, black
fruits. Z8-10 H10-8.

P. ferox, illus. p.88.

PSEUDOSASA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

P. japonica, syn. Arundinaria japonica,
illus. p.287.

PSEUDOTSUGA

PINACEAE ~~

See also CONIFERS.

P. douglasii. See P. menziesii.

P. menziesii, syn. P. douglasii, P. taxifolia
(Douglas fir). Fast-growing, conical
conifer. H 80ft (25m), S 25-40ft (8-12m).
Has thick, corky, fissured, gray-brown
bark. Spirally arranged, aromatic,
needlelike, slightly flattened leaves, which
develop from sharply pointed buds, are
dark green with white bands beneath.
Elliptic cones, 3-4in (8-10cm) long, with
projecting bracts, are dull brown. Z5-7
H7-5. 'Fletcheri', H 10ft (3m), S 6-10ft
(2-3m), makes a flat-topped shrub.
'Fretsii', H 20ft (6m) or more,

S 10-12ft (3-4m), is slow-growing, with
very short, dull green leaves, var.
glauca, illus. p.96. 'Oudemansii' is
very slow-growing, with ascending
branches and short, glossy leaves,
dark green all over.

P. taxifolia. See P. menziesii.

PSEUDOWINTERA

WINTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their foliage. Needs sun or
partial shade and rich, moist but well-
drained soil, ideally neutral to acidic. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
only moderately at other times. Pruning is
tolerated, if needed. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed when ripe,
in fall, or in spring.

P. axillaris, syn. Drimys axillaris
(Heropito, Pepper-tree). Evergreen,
rounded shrub or tree. H and S 10-25ft
(3-8m). Has oval, lustrous, mid-green

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PULMONARIA

leaves, blue-gray beneath. Tiny, star¬
shaped, greenish-yellow flowers, in
spring-summer, are followed by bright
red fruits. Z9-10 H10-9.

P colorata, syn. Drimys colorata.
Evergreen, bushy, spreading shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval, leathery, pale
yellow-green leaves, blotched with pink
and narrowly edged with deep red-
purple; undersides are bluish-white.
Clusters of 2-5 small, star-shaped,
greenish-yellow flowers are borne in
mid-spring. Provide shelter in all but the
mildest areas. Z9-10 H10-9.

PSYCHOPSIS

Butterfly orchid

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

P. papilio, syn. Oncidium papilio (Butterfly
orchid), illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic
orchid for a warm greenhouse. H 6in
(15cm). In summer, solitary, rich yellow-
marked, orange-brown flowers, 3in (8cm)
long, are borne in succession on tops of
stems. Has oval, semi-rigid, mottled leaves,
4-6in (10-15cm) long. Needs good light in
summer. HI 1-6.

PSYLLIOSTACHYS

Statice

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials and
evergreen subshrubs, grown for cut
flowers and for drying. Is suitable for
coastal areas. Grow in sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. If required for drying, cut
flowers before they are fully open. Cut
down dead stems of perennials in fall.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in
early spring, perennials and subshrubs also
by softwood cuttings in spring. Botrytis
and powdery mildew may be troublesome.
P. suworowii, syn. Limonium suworowii,
Statice suworowii. Fairly slow-growing,
erect, branching annual. H 18in (45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has lance-shaped leaves.
Bears branching spikes of small, tubular,
pink to purple flowers in summer and early
fall. H12-6.

PTELEA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and fruits. Needs
sun and fertile soil. Propagate species by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, selected forms by softwood
cuttings only in summer.

P trifoliata (Hop tree. Stinking ash).
Deciduous, bushy, spreading tree or shrub.
H and S 22ft (7m). Produces aromatic, dark
green leaves divided into 3 narrowly oval
leaflets. Clusters of small, star-shaped,
green flowers, from early to mid-summer,
are followed by clusters of winged, pale
green fruits. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Aurea', illus.
p.138.

PTERIS

Brake, Table fern

PTERIDACEAE/ADIANTACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen ferns. Needs partial or full shade
and moist, peaty soil. Remove faded fronds

regularly. Propagate by division in spring
or by spores in summer.

P. cretica (Cretan brake). Evergreen or
semievergreen fern. H 18in (45cm), S 12in
(30cm). Produces triangular to broadly
oval, divided, pale green fronds that have
finger-like pinnae. Z12-15 H12-10.
'Albolineata', syn. P. cretica var.
albolineata has pale green fronds centrally
variegated with creamy-white. 'Mayi',

H 12in (30cm), has crested frond tips.
'Wimsettii', illus. p.478. is compact, with
the margins of pinnae deeply and
irregularly lobed.

P. cretica var. albolineata. See P. cretica
'Albolineata'.

P. ensiformis (Sword brake). Deciduous
or semievergreen fern. H 12in (30cm), S 9in
(23cm). Dark green fronds, often grayish-
white around midribs, are coarsely divided
into finger-shaped pinnae. Z10-11 H12-10.
'Arguta', H 18in (45cm), has deeper green
fronds with central, silver-white marks.

PTEROCARYA

Wingnut

JUGLANDACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage and catkins. Needs full sun and
deep, moist but well-drained soil. Remove
suckers regularly. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer, by suckers in fall or by
seed, when ripe, in fall.

P fraxinifolia (Caucasian wingnut).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),

S 70ft (20m). Large, ashlike, glossy, dark
green leaves turn yellow in fall. Long, green
catkins are borne in summer, the females
developing winged, green then brown
fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

P x rehderiana, illus. p.65.

P stenoptera (Chinese wingnut).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 50ft (15m). Ashlike, bright green leaves,
with winged stalk, turn yellow in fall.
Produces long, green catkins in summer;
females develop winged, pink-tinged,
green fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

PTEROCELTIS

ULMACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
with inconspicuous flowers in summer,
grown for its foliage and fruits. Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Does best in hot
summers. Propagate by seed in fall.

P tatarinowii. Deciduous, spreading tree
with arching branches. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft
(10m). Has peeling, gray bark and oval,
dark green leaves, to 4in (10cm) long,
with toothed margins. In fall bears small,
spherical, green fruits, with broad,
circular wing.

PTEROCEPHALUS

PI PSACACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of compact, summer-flowering
annuals, perennials and semievergreen
subshrubs, grown for their scabious-like
flower heads and feathery seed heads. Is
useful for rock gardens. Requires sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
or semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall. Self-seeds moderately.

P parnassi. See P. perennis.

P. perennis , syn. P. parnassi, illus. p.364.

PTEROSTYRAX

STYRACACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and fragrant
flowers. Requires sun or partial shade and
deep, well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
Propagate by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

P hispida, illus. p.73.

Ptilotrichum spinosum. See Alyssum
spinosum.

PUERARIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed or
herbaceous, twining climbers. Needs full
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring.

P hirsuta. See P lobata.

P. lobata, syn. P. hirsuta, P. montana var.
lobata, P. thunbergiana (Japanese
arrowroot). Deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber with hairy stems. H to 15ft
(5m), or to 100ft (30m) in the wild. Leaves
have 3 broadly oval leaflets. In summer
produces racemes, to 12in (30cm) long,
of small, scented, sweet-pea-like, reddish-
purple flowers, followed by long, slender,
hairy pods, 272-3in (6-8cm) long. In cold
areas is best grown as an annual. Z7-9
H9-3.

P montana var. lobata. See P lobata.

P. thunbergiana. See P. lobata.

PULMONARIA

Lungwort

BORAGINACEAE

Genus of mainly spring-flowering
perennials, some of which are
semievergreen with small, overwintering
rosettes of leaves. Prefers full or partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall.

P angustifolia (Blue cowslip. Blue
lungwort). Clump-forming, usually
deciduous perennial. H 9in (23cm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm) or more. Has lance¬
shaped, unspotted, mid-green leaves,

16in (40cm) long. In early spring
produces heads of tubular, 5-lobed,
borage-like, sometimes pink-tinged,
deep blue flowers. Z2-7 H8-1. 'Azurea',
H and S 12in (30cm), has dark green
leaves and produces pinkish buds that
open to rich gentian-blue flowers.

P 'Beth's Pink'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has oval to lance-shaped, hairy,
dark green leaves spotted with silvery-
white. In early and mid-spring bears heads
of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, purplish-
pink flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.

P 'Blue Ensign'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy, dark green
leaves. In early and mid-spring produces
heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, rich
blue flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.

P 'Cotton Cool'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has narrowly elliptic, hairy, dark
green leaves marked almost entirely with
silver. In early and mid-spring bears heads
of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink and
blue flowers.

P 'Excalibur', illus. p.261. Vigorous,
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly
lance-shaped, hairy, silver leaves, with
narrow, green edge. In early and mid¬
spring, heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage¬
like, light blue flowers open from pink
buds. Z4-8 H8-1.

P 'Glacier'. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 8-12in (20-30cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy, mid¬
green leaves spotted with silver. In early
and mid-spring produces heads of tubular,
5-lobed, borage-like, pale blue and pale
pink flowers.

P 'Ice Ballet'. Vigorous, semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has broadly oval, hairy,
mildew-resistant, mid-green leaves
well spotted with silver. In early and
mid-spring bears heads of large,
tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pure
white flowers.

P 'Lewis Palmer', illus. p.261.
Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm).
Has oval, hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green
leaves. In early and mid-spring, heads
of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, clear
blue flowers open from pinkish buds.
Z5-8 H8-5.

P longifolia (Longleaf lungwort). Clump¬
forming, deciduous perennial. H 12in
(30cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears very narrowly
lance-shaped, dark green leaves spotted
with silvery-white. Heads of tubular,
5-lobed, borage-like, vivid blue flowers are
produced in late spring. Z3-8 H8-4.
'Bertram Anderson' has long leaves
especially well spotted with silver and
bears brighter blue flowers.

P 'Margery Fish', illus. p.261.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has narrowly
lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green leaves
marked heavily with silver. In early spring,
heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink
flowers gradually turn to blue as they age.
Z6-8 H8-6.

P 'Mary Mottram', illus. p.261.
Vigorous, semievergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 20in (50cm).
Has oval, hairy leaves marked heavily
with silver with narrow, green margin.

In early spring bears heads of large,
tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, pink and
violet flowers.

P 'Mawson's Blue', illus. p.261.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
oval, hairy, mid-green leaves, bronze tinged
when young. In early spring, heads of
tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, azure-blue
flowers are often produced before leaves
fully develop. Z5-8 H8-5.

P officinalis 'Sissinghurst White', syn.
P. saccharata 'Sissinghurst White', illus.
p.254.

P Opal ('Ocupol'), illus. p.261.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H lOin (25cm), S 20in (50cm). Has oval,
hairy, silver-spotted, mid-green leaves. In
spring, heads of tubular, 5-lobed, borage¬
like, glowing, pale blue flowers open from
pink buds.

P rubra (Red lungwort), illus. p.261.
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has oval,
velvety, mid-green leaves. Heads of tubular.

P

673

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

PULSATILLA

5-lobed, borage-like, brick-red flowers are
borne from late winter to early spring.

Z5-8 H8-3. 'David Ward' (Ulus, p.261) has
narrow, white-edged, soft green leaves and
pale red flowers. Needs a sheltered spot.

P. saccharata (Bethlehem sage).
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Long, elliptic
leaves are variably spotted with creamy-
white. In spring bears funnel-shaped
flowers, opening pink and turning to blue.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Leopard' has sUver-spotted,
dark green leaves and reddish-pink flowers
that fade to Ulac. 'Mrs. Moon' bears
leaves spotted liberaUy with sUver and
heads of pinkish-mauve flowers.
'Sissinghurst White'. See P. officinalis
'Sissinghurst White'.

P. 'Weetwood Blue'. UsuaUy
semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 8in (20cm), S 20in (50cm). Has lance¬
shaped, hairy, green leaves occasionaUy
spotted with white. In spring bears heads
of tubular, 5-lobed, borage-like, clear blue
flowers that darken as they age.

PULSATILLA

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, grown for their large, feathery
leaves, upright or pendent, bell- or cup¬
shaped flowers, covered in fine hairs, and
feathery seed heads. Has fibrous, woody
rootstocks. Leaves increase in size after
flowering time. Is suitable for large rock
gardens. Needs fuU sun and rich, weU-
drained soil. Resents disturbance to roots.
Propagate by root cuttings in winter or by
seed when fresh. ® AU parts of the plant
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested,
and, in rare instances, contact with the sap
may irritate skin.

P alpina, iUus. p.332. subsp. apiifolia,

syn. P. alpina subsp. sulphurea is a clump¬
forming perennial. H 6-12in (15-30cm), S to
4in (10cm). Has feathery, soft green leaves.
Bears upright, bell-shaped, soft pale yeUow
flowers in spring, foUowed by feathery,
sUvery seed heads, subsp. sulphurea.

See P. alpina subsp. apiifolia.

P. halleri, illus. p.334. subsp. grandis,
syn. P. vulgaris subsp. grandis is a clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 6-9in
(15-23cm). In spring, before feathery,
light green leaves emerge, bears large,
upright, shallowly bell-shaped, lavender-
blue flowers, with bright yellow centers.
Flower stems rapidly elongate as the
feathery, silvery seed heads mature.

P. occidentalis. Clump-forming
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). In late
spring to early summer, solitary, nodding
buds develop into erect, goblet-shaped,
white flowers, stained blue-violet at base
outside and sometimes flushed pink,
followed by feathery, silvery seed heads.
Bears feathery leaves. Is extremely difficult
to grow and flower well at low altitudes.
Z5-7 H7-5.

P. vernalis, illus. p.349.

P. vulgaris, illus. p.334. subsp. grandis.

See P. halleri subsp. grandis.

PUNICA

Pomegranate

LYTHRACEAE/PUNICACEAE

674

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their bright
red flowers and yellow to orange-red fruits.

which ripen and become edible only in
warm climates. Needs a sheltered, sunny
position and well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

P. granatum (Pomegranate). Deciduous,
rounded shrub or tree. H and S 6—25ft
(2-8m). Has narrowly oblong leaves and, in
summer, funnel-shaped, bright red flowers,
with crumpled petals. Fruits are spherical
and deep yellow to orange. May be grown
in a southern or eastern aspect, either free¬
standing or, in frost-prone climates, against
a wall. Z7-10 H12-1. var. nana, illus. p.340.

PUSCHKINIA

LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE ~

Genus of dwarf, ScillaAike bulbs, grown for
their early spring flowers. Needs sun or
partial shade and rich soil that has grit or
sand added to ensure good drainage. Plant
in fall. Dies down in summer. Propagate by
offsets in late summer or by seed in fall.

P libanotica. SeeP. scilloides var.
libanotica.

P. scilloides var. libanotica, syn.

P. libanotica , illus. p.421. var. libanotica
'Alba', illus. p.415.

PUYA

BROMELIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials and shrubs, grown for their
overall appearance. Requires full light and
well-drained soil. Water moderately in
growing season, sparingly at other times.
Propagate by seed or offsets in spring.

P. alpestris. Evergreen perennial with
sturdy, branched, prostrate stems. H to 6ft
(2m), S 10ft (3m). Linear, tapering, arching,
bright green leaves are fleshy, with hooked,
spiny teeth along edges and dense, white
scales beneath. Tubular, deep metallic-blue
flowers, aging to purple-red, are borne in
stiff, erect panicles in early summer. Z9-15
H12-1.

P. chilensis, illus. p.471. Evergreen,
upright perennial with short, woody stem.

H and S to 6ft (2m). Stem is crowned by
dense rosette of linear, tapering, arching,
fleshy, gray-green leaves, with margins of
hooked, spiny teeth. Bears tubular, metallic-
or greenish-yellow flowers, in erect,
branched panicles, in summer. Z9-11 HI 1-1.

PYCNOSTACHYS

LABIATAE/LAIVIIACEAE ~

Genus of bushy perennials, grown for their
whorled clusters of flowers. Needs bright
light and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by stem cuttings in early summer.

P. dawei, illus. p.473.

P. urticifolia. Strong-growing, erect
perennial with square stems. H 3—6ft (l-2m),
S 8-24in (20-60cm). Has oval, toothed, hairy,
mid-green leaves. Bears whorls of small,
tubular, bright blue flowers, in racemes, in
winter. Z13-15 H12-1.

PYRACANTHA

Firethorn

ROSACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spiny, summer¬
flowering shrubs, grown for their foliage,
flowers and fruits. Requires a sheltered site

in sun or partial shade and fertile soil. To
produce a compact habit on a plant grown
against a wall, train and cut back long
shoots after flowering. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Is susceptible
to scab and fireblight. ® The seeds may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

P. angustifolia. Evergreen, bushy, dense
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly
oblong leaves, dark green above, gray
beneath. Bears clusters of small, 5-petaled,
white flowers in early summer, followed by
spherical, orange-yellow fruits in fall. Z4-8
H12-1.

P. atalantioides. Vigorous, evergreen
shrub, part upright, part arching. H 15ft
(5m), S 12ft (4m). Oblong leaves are glossy
and dark green. Large clusters of small,
5-petaled, white flowers, in early summer,
are followed by spherical, red fruits in early
fafi. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Aurea', illus. p.118.

P coccinea (Scarlet firethorn). Evergreen,
dense, bushy shrub. H and S 12ft (4m).
Dense clusters of small, 5-petaled, white
flowers are produced amid oval, dark
green leaves in early summer and are
followed by spherical, bright red fruits.

Z6-9 H9-6. 'Lalandei' has larger leaves
and larger, orange-red fruits.

P 'Golden Charmer', illus. p.141.

P 'Golden Dome', illus. p.144.

P. 'Mohave', illus. p.209.

P. 'Orange Glow'. Evergreen, upright,
dense shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Clusters
of small, 5-petaled, white flowers, in early
summer, are followed by spherical, orange
fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

P. rogersiana. Evergreen, upright then
arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves
are narrowly oblong, glossy and bright
green. Produces clusters of small,

5-petaled, white flowers, in early summer,
followed by spherical, orange-red or yellow
fruits. Z8-9 H9-8.

P. 'Waterer's Orange'. See P. x watereri.
P. x watereri, syn. P. 'Waterer's Orange',
illus. p.128.

Pyrethropsis hosmariense. See

Rhodanthemum hosmariense.

Pyrethrum 'Brenda'. See Tanacetum
coccineum 'Brenda'.

Pyrethrum coccineum. See Tanacetum
coccineum.

Pyrethrum parthenium. See Tanacetum
parthenium.

Pyrethrum roseum. See Tanacetum
coccineum.

PYROLA

Shinleaf, Wintergreen
PYROLACEAE/ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spreading, spring-
and summer-flowering perennials. Is
suitable for light woodlands. Needs partial
shade, cool conditions and well-drained,
peaty, acidic soil. Resents disturbance.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring or
by division in spring.

P. asarifolia. Evergreen, rosette-forming
perennial. H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 6in (15cm)
or more. Has kidney-shaped, leathery,
glossy, light green leaves. Bears tubular,
pale to deep pink flowers in spring. Z5-8
H8-5.

P. rotundifolia (Round-leaved
wintergreen. Wild lily-of-the-valley).
Creeping, evergreen, rosette-forming

perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces rounded, leathery, glossy, mid¬
green leaves and, in late spring and
early summer, sprays of fragrant, white
flowers that resemble lily-of-the-valley.
Z5-8 H8-5.

PYROSTECIA

BIGIMONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their flowers.
Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water regularly, less in winter. Provide
support. Thin stems after flowering.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings or layering
in summer.

P. ignea. See P. venusta.

P. venusta, syn. P. ignea, illus. p.464.

PYRUS

Pear

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering trees,
grown for their habit, foliage, flowers and
edible fruits (pears). Prefers full sun and
needs well-drained soil. Propagate species
by seed in fall, cultivars by budding in
summer or by grafting in winter. Many
species are susceptible to fireblight and scab
and, in North America, pear decline.

P. amygdaliformis. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m).
Lance-shaped leaves are gray when young,
maturing to glossy, dark green. Clusters of
5-petaled, white flowers, in mid-spring, are
followed by small, brownish fruits. Z7-9
H9-7.

P. calleryana (Callery pear). Deciduous,
broadly conical tree. H and S to 50ft (15m).
Oval, glossy, dark green leaves often turn
red in fall. Bears 5-petaled, white flowers,
from mid- to late spring, followed by small,
brownish fruits. Z5-8 H8-3. 'Bradford',
S30ft (10m), is resistant to fireblight.
'Chanticleer', illus. p.71.

P. communis (Common pear). Z5-9 H9-5.
Beech Hill' is a deciduous, narrowly
conical tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Oval,
glossy, dark green leaves often turn orange
and red in fall. From mid- to late spring
bears 5-petaled, white flowers as leaves
emerge, followed by small, brownish fruits.
P. elaeagrifolia. Deciduous, spreading,
thorny tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Has lance¬
shaped, gray-green leaves. Produces loose
clusters of 5-petaled, creamy-white flowers,
in mid-spring, followed by small, pear-
shaped, brownish fruits. Z5-9 H9-5.

P. salicifolia (Willow-leaved pear).
Deciduous, mound-shaped tree with
slightly drooping branches. H 15—25ft
(5-8m), S 12ft (4m). White flowers, with
5 petals, are borne as lance-shaped, gray
leaves emerge in mid-spring. Fruits
are small and brownish. Z5-9 H9-5.
'Pendula', illus. p.88.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

QR

Quamoclit coccinea. See Ipomoea
coccinea.

Quamoclit lobata. See Ipomoea lobata.

Quamoclit pennata. See Ipomoea
quamoclit.

QUERCUS

Oak

FAGACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees
and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage
and, in some deciduous species, fall color.
Produces insignificant flowers from late
spring to early summer, followed by egg-
shaped to rounded, brownish fruits
(acorns). Needs sun or partial shade and
deep, well-drained soil; except where
stated otherwise, will tolerate limestone.
Propagate species by seed in fall, selected
forms and hybrids by grafting in late
winter. May be affected, though not usually
seriously, by mildew and various galls, and
in North America by oak wilt.

Q. acutissima (Sawtooth oak). Deciduous,
round-headed tree. H and S 50ft (15m).

Has sweet-chestnut-like, glossy, dark green
leaves, edged with bristle-tipped teeth,
that last until late in year. Z5-8 H8-3.

Q. aegilops. See Q. ithaburensis subsp.
macrolepis.

Q. agrifolia, illus. p.80.

Q. alba , illus. p.66.

Q. aliena (Oriental white oak). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m).
Has large, oblong, prominently toothed,
glossy, dark green leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

Q. alnifolia (Golden oak of Cyprus).
Evergreen, spreading tree. H 20ft (6m),

S 15ft (5m). Rounded, leathery leaves are
glossy, dark green above, with mustard-
yellow or greenish-yellow felt beneath.

Q. canariensis, illus. p.62.

Q. castaneifolia , illus. p.64.

Q. cerris (Turkey oak). Fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree of stately
habit. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m). Oblong,
glossy, dark green leaves are deeply
lobed. Thrives on shallow, chalky soil.
Z7-9 H9-7. 'Argenteovariegata',
illus. p.73.

Q. coccifera (Kermes oak). Evergreen,
bushy, compact tree or shrub. H and S 15ft
(5m). Holly-like leaves are glossy, dark green
and rigid, with spiny margins. Z7-9 H9-7.

Q. coccinea, illus. p.65. 'Splendens' is a
deciduous, round-headed tree. H 70ft (20m),
S 50ft (15m). Oblong, glossy, mid-green
leaves, with deep, toothlike lobes, turn
deep scarlet in fall. Prefers acidic soil.

Z5-9 H9-5.

Q. dentata (Daimyo oak). Deciduous,
spreading, sturdy-branched tree of rugged
habit. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Has oval,
lobed, dark green leaves, 12in (30cm) or
more long. Prefers acidic soil. Z6-8 H8-6.

Q. ellipsoidalis , illus. p.65.

Q. frainetto, illus. p.64.

Q. garryana, illus. p.74.

Q. x heterophylla , illus. p.77.

Q. x hispanica 'Lucombeana', syn. Q.
x lucombeana 'William Lucombe', illus. p.68.
Q. ilex (Holly oak. Holm oak). Evergreen,
round-headed tree. H 80ft (25m), S 70ft
(20m). Glossy, dark green leaves are

silvery-gray when young and very
variably shaped, but are most often oval.
Thrives on shallow chalk and is excellent
for an exposed, coastal position. Z4-8
H9-2.

Q. imbricaria (Shingle oak). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m).
Produces long, narrow leaves that are
yellowish when young, dark green in
summer and yellowish-brown in fall.

Z5-8 H8-4.

Q. ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis,

syn. Q. aegilops, Q. macrolepis, illus. p.75.
Q. laurifolia, illus. p.64.

Q. x lucombeana 'William Lucombe'.
See Q. x hispanica 'Lucombeana'.

Q. macranthera, illus. p.61.

Q. macrocarpa, illus. p.75.

Q. macrolepis. See Q. ithaburensis
subsp. macrolepis.

Q. marilandica, illus. p.75.

Q. mongolica subsp. crispula var.
grosseserrata. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Has large,
oblong, lobed, dark green leaves, with
prominent, triangular teeth.

Q. muehlenbergii, illus. p.62.

Q. myrsinifolia, illus. p.80.

Q. nigra, illus. p.63.

Q. palustris, illus. p.66.

Q. petraea (Durmast oak). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m).
Has oblong, lobed, leathery, dark green
leaves, with yellow stalks. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Columna', illus. p.63.

Q. phellos, illus. p.67.

Q. pontica (Armenian oak). Deciduous,
sometimes shrubby tree with upright,
sturdy branches and broadly oval head.

H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Large, oval,
toothed, glossy, bright green leaves turn
yellow in fall.

Q. robur (English oak. Pedunculate oak).
Deciduous, spreading, rugged tree.

H and S 80ft (25m). Bears oblong, wavy,
lobed, dark green leaves. Z5-8 H8-3.
'Concordia', H 30ft (10m), is slow-growing
and has golden-yellow, young leaves that
become yellowish-green in mid-summer,
f. fastigiata, illus. p.62.

Q. rubra, illus. p.65. 'Aurea', illus. p.72.
Q. suber (Cork oak), illus. p.78. Evergreen,
round-headed tree. H and S 70ft (20m).

Has thick, corky bark. Oval, leathery leaves
are glossy, dark green above and grayish
beneath. Z7-9 H9-7.

Q. x turneri, illus. p.68.

Q. velutina (Black oak). Fast-growing,
deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),

S 80ft (25m). Large, oblong, lobed, glossy,
dark green leaves turn reddish-brown in
fafi. Z4-8 H8-1.

QUISQUALIS

COMBRETACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, scandent
shrubs and twining climbers, grown for
their flowers. Needs full light or partial
shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
Water freely when in full growth, less in
cold weather. Stems need support. Thin
out crowded growth in spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

Q. indica, syn. Combretum indicum,
illus. p.462.

RAMON DA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their rosettes of rounded, crinkled, hairy
leaves and for their flowers. Is useful for
rock gardens and peat walls. Prefers partial
shade and moist soil. Water plants well
if they curl in a dry spell. Propagate by
rooting offsets in early summer or by leaf
cuttings or seed in early fall.

R. myconi, syn. R. pyrenaica, illus. p.369.

R. nathaliae. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Has small,
pale green leaves. In late spring and early
summer bears umbels of small, outward¬
facing, flatfish, white or lavender flowers,
with yellow anthers. Z6-7 H7-6.

R. pyrenaica. See R. myconi.

R. serbica. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Is similar to
R. nathaliae, but has cup-shaped, lilac-blue
flowers and dark violet-blue anthers. May
be difficult to grow. Z6-7 H7-6.

RANUNCULUS

Buttercup, Crowfoot
RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, aquatics and perennials,
some of which are evergreen or
semievergreen, grown mainly for their
flowers. Many species grow from a
thickened rootstock or a cluster of tubers.
Some are invasive. Aquatic species are
seldom cultivated. Needs sun or partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed when fresh or by
division in spring or fall. (D Contact with
the sap may irritate skin.

R. aconitifolius, illus. p.223. 'Flore
Pleno', illus. p.230.

R. acris (Tall buttercup). 'Flore Pleno',
illus. p.276.

R. alpestris, illus. p.349.

R. amplexicaulis. Upright perennial.

H lOin (25cm), S 4in (10cm). Has narrowly
oval, blue-gray leaves. In early summer
produces clusters of shallowly cup-shaped,
white flowers, with yellow anthers. Needs
rich soil. Z4-8 H8-1.

R. aquatilis (Water crowfoot). Aquatic
annual or usually evergreen perennial.

H Van (1cm), S indefinite. Submerged,
branched, slender stems bear dark green
leaves, with many threadlike segments;
floating leaves are kidney-shaped to
rounded, deeply divided into 3-7 lobes.

In mid-summer produces solitary, bowl-
or saucer-shaped, white-based, yellow
flowers, on water surface. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. asiaticus, illus. p.410. var. flavus,
illus. p.412.

R. bulbosus 'Speciosus Plenus' of

gardens. See R. constantinopolitanus
'Plenus'.

R. hullatus. Clump-forming perennial
with thick, fibrous roots. H 2-3in (5-8cm),

S 3-4in (8-10cm). Has fragrant, shallowly
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers in fall.
Oblong to oval, puckered, dark green leaves
have sharply toothed tips. Is suitable for an
alpine house or rock garden. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. calandrinioides, illus. p.346.

R. constantinopolitanus 'Plenus', syn.
R. bulbosus 'Speciosus Plenus', R. gouanii
'Plenus', R. speciosus 'Plenus', illus. p.275.

R. crenatus. Semievergreen, rosetted
perennial with thick, fibrous roots. H and

RANZANIA

S 4in (10cm). Produces rounded, toothed,
green leaves and, in summer, short stems
bearing 1 or 2 shallowly cup-shaped, white
flowers just above foliage. May also be
propagated by removing a flower stem at
its first joint in summer; rosettes will form
and may then be rooted. Rarely sets seed
in cultivation. Is suitable for an alpine
house or rock garden. Z5-7 H7-5.

R. ficaria, syn. Ficaria verna (Lesser
celandine). Z4-8 H8-1. var. albus,
syn. R. ficaria 'Albus' illus. p.349. var.
aurantiacus, syn. R. ficaria 'Aurantiacus',
illus. p.359. 'Brazen Hussy' is a mat¬
forming, tuberous perennial. H 2in (5cm),

S to 8in (20cm). Has heart-shaped, purple-
bronze leaves. Shallowly cup-shaped,
glossy, sulfur-yellow flowers, with bronze
undersides, are produced in early spring.
Dies down in late spring. May spread
rapidly. Is good for a wild garden, var.
flore-pleno. See R. ficaria Flore Pleno
Group. Flore Pleno Group, syn. R. ficaria
'Flore Pleno', R. ficaria var. flore-pleno, illus.
p.357.

R. glacialis. Hummock-forming perennial
with fibrous roots. H 2-10in (5-25cm),

S 2in (5cm) or more. Bears rounded, deeply
lobed, glossy, dark green leaves. In late
spring and early summer produces clusters
of shallowly cup-shaped, white or pink
flowers. Is very difficult to grow at low
altitudes. Is suitable for a scree or alpine
house. Prefers rich, moist, acid soil that is
drier in winter. Slugs may be troublesome.
Z3-5 H5-1.

R. gouanii 'Plenus'. See R.

constantinopolitanus 'Plenus'.

R. gramineus, illus. p.345.

R. lingua, illus. p.444. 'Grandiflorus' is a
deciduous, perennial, marginal water plant.
H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Has sturdy, pinkish-
green stems, lance-shaped, glaucous leaves
and, in late spring, racemes of large,
saucer-shaped, yellow flowers. Z4-9 H9-1.
R. lyallii (Giant buttercup. Mount Cook
lily). Evergreen, sturdy, upright, tufted
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm) or more.

Has rounded, leathery, dark green leaves.

In summer bears panicles of large,
shallowly cup-shaped, white flowers. Is
very difficult to flower in hot, dry climates.
Is suitable for an alpine house. Rarely sets
seed in cultivation. Z4-9 H9-1.

R. montanus 'Molten Gold'. Clump¬
forming, compact perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 4in (10cm). Leaves are rounded and
3-lobed. Flower stems produce solitary,
shallowly cup-shaped, shiny, bright golden-
yellow flower in early summer. Is useful
for a sunny rock garden. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. speciosus 'Plenus'. See R.
constantinopolitanus 'Plenus'.

RANZANIA

BERBERIDACEAE

Genus of one species of perennial, grown
for its unusual appearance as well as its
flowers. Is ideal for woodland gardens.
Prefers full or partial shade and rich, moist
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

R. japonica. Upright perennial. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces 3-parted,
fresh green leaves and, in early summer,
small clusters of nodding, shallowly cup¬
shaped, pale mauve flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

675

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

RAO U LI A

RAOULIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, mat-forming
perennials, grown for their foliage. Some
species are suitable for alpine houses,
others for rock gardens. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained,
gritty, peaty soil. Propagate by seed when
fresh or by division in spring.

R. australis, illus. p.376.

R. eximia (Vegetable sheep). Evergreen,
cushion-forming perennial. H lin (2.5cm),

S 2in (5cm). Has oblong to oval,
overlapping, woolly, gray leaves. In late
spring-summer bears small, rounded
heads of yellowish-white flowers. Is
suitable for an alpine house. Prefers
partial shade. Z7-8 H8-7.

R. haastii , illus. p.376.

R. hookeri var. albosericea, illus. p.374.
jR. leontopodium. See Leucogenes
leontopodium.

RAVENALA

Traveler's tree

STRELITZIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen,
palm-like tree, grown for its foliage and
overall appearance. Is related to Strelitzia.
Requires full light and rich, well-drained
soil. Water container specimens freely
in summer, less in winter or when
temperatures are low. Propagate by
seed in spring. Red spider mite may
be troublesome.

jR. madagascariensis. Evergreen,
upright, fan-shaped tree. H and S to 30ft
(10m). Has banana-like, long-stalked leaves,
10-20ft (3-6m) long, with expanded stalk
bases. Groups of boat-shaped spathes, with
6-parted, white flowers, are produced from
leaf axils in summer. Zll H12-1.

REBUTIA

CACTACEAE

676

Genus of mostly clump-forming, spherical
to columnar, perennial cacti, grown for
their flowers, which are produced in
profusion from plant bases, usually 2-3
years after raising from seed. Much-ribbed,
tuberculate, green stems have short spines.
A few species are sometimes included in
Aylostera. Requires sun or partial shade
and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in spring or summer.

R. arenacea, syn. Sulcorebutia arenacea,
illus. p.496.

R. aureiflora. See R. einsteinii subsp.
aureiflora.

R. ‘'Carnival'’, illus. p.483.

R. deminuta , syn. R. spegazziniana, illus.
p.486.

R. einsteinii subsp. aureiflora, syn.

R. aureiflora. Clump-forming, perennial
cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Dark
green stem, often tinged violet-red, has
stiff, radial spines and longer, soft, central
spines. Bears masses of yellow, violet or
red flowers in late spring.

R. fiebrigii, syn. R. muscula, illus. p.496.

R. 'Jenny', illus. p.484.

R. krainziana. See R. minuscula.

R. marsoneri. See R. minuscula.

R. minuscula, syn. R. krainziana,

R. marsoneri, R. senilis, R. violaciflora,
illus. p.486.

R. muscula. See R. fiebrigii.

R. neocumingii, syn. Weingartia
neocumingii. Spherical, perennial cactus.

H and S 4in (10cm). Stem is tuberculate
and green. Areoles bear dense clusters
of yellow spines, some thicker than others,
and cup-shaped, dark yellow flowers in
spring. Z12-15 H12-10.

R. pygmaea, syn. Lobivia pygmaea.
Clump-forming, columnar, perennial
cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Very
short, comb-like spines are pressed against
gray- to purple-green stem. Trumpet¬
shaped, pink to salmon or rose-purple
flowers are borne in spring. Prefers a
sunny position. Z12-15 H12-10.

R. rauschii. See R. steinmannii.

R. senilis. See R. minuscula.

R. spegazziniana. See R. deminuta.

R. steinbachii subsp. tiraquensis,
syn. R. tiraquensis, Sulcorebutia tiraquensis,
illus. p.487.

R. steinmannii, syn. R. rauschii,
Sulcorebutia rauschii. Flattened spherical,
perennial cactus. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm).
Gray-green stem bears very short, comb¬
like, golden or black spines. Bears flattish,
deep purple flowers in spring. Grows
better when grafted.

R. tiraquensis. See R. steinbachii subsp.
tiraquensis.

R. violaciflora. See R. minuscula.

REHDERODENDRON

STYRACACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
trees, grown for their flowers and fruits.
Needs sun or partial shade, some shelter
and fertile, moist but well-drained, acid
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

R. macrocarpum. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Young shoots
are red. Pendent clusters of lemon-scented,
cup-shaped, pink-tinged, white flowers are
borne amid oblong, taper-pointed, red-
stalked, glossy, dark green leaves in late
spring. Bears cylindrical, woody, red then
brown fruits in fall. Z8-10 H10-8.

REHMANNIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLAIMTAGINACEAE

Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
perennials. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring
or by root cuttings in winter.

R. angulata of gardens. See R. elata.

R. elata, syn. R. angulata of gardens, illus.
p.234.

R. glutinosa. Rosette-forming perennial.

H 12in (30cm), S lOin (25cm). Bears tubular,
purple-veined, pink, red-brown or yellow
flowers, on leafy shoots in late spring and
early summer. Has lance-shaped to oval,
toothed, hairy, light green leaves. Z9-11
H12-9.

REINWARDTIA

LINACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen subshrubs, grown for
their flowers. Needs full light or partial
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
freely when in growth, moderately at other
times. Tip prune young plants to promote
branching; cut back hard after flowering.
Propagate by softwood cuttings annually

in late spring. Red spider mite may cause
problems.

R. indica, syn. R. trigyna, illus. p.459.

R. trigyna. See R. indica.

RESEDA

Mignonette

RESEDACEAE

Genus of annuals and biennials, grown for
their flowers, which attract bees and are
suitable for cutting. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Deadhead regularly
to ensure a prolonged flowering period.
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall.

R. odorata, illus. p.300.

RETAMA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs grown for
their willowy, dark green or silky gray
stems and pealike, white or yellow flowers.
Needs full sun, sharply drained soil and
a sheltered site against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Propagate from seed in a cold
frame or under glass or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

R. monosperma, syn. Genista
monosperma. Deciduous, almost leafless,
graceful, arching shrub. H to 12ft (4m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Slender, silky-gray shoots
bear clusters of small, very fragrant, white
flowers in early spring. Has a few linear
leaves, which soon fall. Grow against a
south- or west-facing wall. Z9-10 H10-1.

RHAMNUS

RHAMNACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, with inconspicuous flowers,
grown mainly for their foliage and fruits.
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile
soil. Propagate deciduous species by seed
in fall, evergreen species by semiripe
cuttings in summer. ® All parts may
cause severe discomfort if ingested.

R. alaternus (Italian buckthorn). Z7-9
H9-7. 'Argenteovariegata' is an
evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Has oval, leathery, glossy, gray-green
leaves margined creamy-white. Tiny,
yellowish-green flowers, produced from
early to mid-summer, are followed by
spherical, red then black fruits.

R. imeretina. Deciduous, spreading,
open shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m).

Sturdy shoots bear large, broadly oblong,
prominently veined, dark green leaves that
turn bronze-purple in fall. Small, green
flowers are borne in summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

RHAPHIOLEPIS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their flowers and foliage. In most areas,
does best against a sheltered wall. Needs
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

R. x delacourii 'Coates' Crimson'.
Evergreen, rounded shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S 8ft (2.5m). Clusters of fragrant, star¬
shaped, deep pink flowers, produced in
spring or summer, are set off by oval,
leathery, dark green leaves. Z8-10 H10-8.

R. indica (Indian hawthorn). Evergreen,
bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m).

Clusters of fragrant, star-shaped, pink-
flushed, white flowers are borne in spring
or early summer amid narrowly lance¬
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves. Z8-11
H9-3.

R. japonica. SeeR. umbellata.

R. ovata. See R. umbellata.

R. umbellata, syn. R. japonica, R. ovata,
illus. p.150.

RHAPIS

Lady palm

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown for
their foliage and overall appearance. May
have tiny, yellow flowers in summer. Needs
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Water container specimens freely when
in growth, moderately at other times.
Propagate by seed, suckers or division in
spring. Is susceptible to red spider mite.

R. excelsa, syn. R. flabelliformis, illus.
p.458.

R. flabelliformis. See R. excelsa.

Rhazya orientalis. See Amsonia
orientalis.

RHEUM

Rhubarb

POLYGONACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
foliage and overall appearance. Includes
the edible rhubarb and various ornamental
plants. Some species are extremely large
and require plenty of space. Prefers sun or
partial shade and deep, rich, well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall. ® Leaves may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

R. nobile. Clump-forming perennial.

H 5ft (15m), S 3ft (lm). Has oblong to oval,
leathery, basal, mid-green leaves, 2ft (60cm)
long. In late summer produces long stems
and conical spikes of large, overlapping,
pale cream bracts that hide insignificant
flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. palmatum (Chinese rhubarb). Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
rounded, 5-lobed, mid-green leaves, 2-2Vzft
(60-75cm) long. In early summer produces
broad panicles of small, creamy-white
flowers. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Atrosanguineum',
illus. p.439.

Rhipsalidopsis gaertneri. See Hatiora
gaertneri.

Rhipsalidopsis rosea. See Hatiora rosea.

RHIPSALIS

CACTACEAE

Genus of epiphytic, perennial cacti with
usually pendent, variously formed stems.
Flowers are followed by spherical,
translucent berries. Needs partial shade
and rich, well-drained soil. Prefers 80%
relative humidity—higher than for most
cacti. Give only occasional, very light
watering in winter. Propagate by seed
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

R. capilliformis. See R. teres.

R. cereuscula, illus. p.483.

R. clavata. See R. gaertneri.

R. crispata. Bushy, then pendent,
perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm), S indefinite.
Has leaflike, elliptic to oblong, pale green
stem segments with undulating edges that

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

RHODODENDRON

produce short, funnel-shaped, cream or
pale yellow flowers, to Van (1cm) across,
with recurved tips, in winter-spring,
followed by white berries. Z13-15 HI2-10.
R. floe cos a, illus. p.493.

R. gaertneri, syn. R. clavata, Hatiora
clavata. Pendent, perennial cactus.

H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (lm). Multi-branched,
cylindrical, dark green stems widen
towards tips. Masses of terminal, bell¬
shaped, white flowers, 5 /sin (1.5cm) wide,
are produced in late winter and early
spring on plants more than 1ft (30cm) high.
R. paradoxa (Chain cactus). Bushy, then
pendent, perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm),

S indefinite. Triangular, green stems have
segments alternately set at different angles.
Short, funnel-shaped, white flowers,

3 Ain (2cm) across, with recurved tips, in
winter-spring, are followed by red berries.
Z13-15 H12-10.

R. salicornioides. See Hatiora
salicomioides.

R. teres, syn. R. capilliformis. Pendent,
perennial cactus. H 3ft (lm), S 20in (50cm).
Has freely branching, cylindrical, green
stems and, in winter-spring, short, funnel-
shaped, white flowers, to Vzin (1cm) wide,
with recurved tips, followed by white
berries.

R. warmingiana. See Lepismium
warmingianum.

RHODANTHE

syn. ACROCLINIUM
Strawflower

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of drought-tolerant annuals,
perennials and subshrubs, grown for their
daisylike, papery flower heads, which are
excellent for cutting and drying. Needs sun
and poor, very well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in mid-spring. Aphids may cause
problems.

R. chlorocephala subsp. rosea, syn.
Acroclinium roseum, Helipterum roseum,
illus. p.303.

R. manglesii, syn. Helipterum manglesii
(Swan River everlasting). Moderately
fast-growing, erect annual. H 12in (30cm),

S 6in (15cm). Has pointed, oval, grayish-
green leaves and daisylike, papery, red,
pink or white flower heads, in summer
and early fall. Zll H9-1.

RHODANTHEMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of mat-forming, often rhizomatous
perennials and subshrubs, grown for
their solitary, large, daisylike, white
flower heads, surrounded by prominent,
usually green bracts. Needs full sun and
moderately fertile, very well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
softwood cuttings in summer.

R. hosmariense, syn. Chrysanthemum
hosmariense, Pyrethropsis hosmariense,
illus. p.332.

RHODIOLA

CRASSULACEAE

Genus of perennials, some dioecious, with
thick, fleshy rhizomes producing scaly,
brown basal leaves and stiffly erect stems
that bear triangular-oval to lance-shaped,
fleshy, gray-green leaves. Star-shaped

flowers have prominent stamens, and may
be unisexual or bisexual. Needs full sun and
moderately fertile soil. Propagate by seed
in spring or fall, by division of rhizomes in
spring or early summer or by leaf cuttings
in summer.

R. heterodonta, syn. Sedum
heterodontum, Sedum rosea var.
heterodontum, illus. p.268.

R. rosea, syn. Sedum rosea (Roseroot).
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Stems are clothed with oval to
inversely lance-shaped, toothed, fleshy,
glaucous leaves. In late spring or early
summer, pink buds on dense, terminal
heads open to small, star-shaped,
greenish-, yellowish- or purplish-white
flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

Rhodocactus grandifolius. See

Pereskia grandifolia.

RHODOCHITON

SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, leaf¬
stalk climber, grown for its unusual
flowers. Does best when grown as an
annual. May be planted against a fence or
trellis or be used as groundcover. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in early spring.

R. atrosanguineus, syn. R. volubilis, illus.
p.203.

R. volubilis. See R. atrosanguineus.

RHODODENDRON

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or
deciduous shrubs, ranging from a dwarf
habit to a treelike stature, grown mainly
for beauty of flower. Most prefer dappled
shade, but a considerable number tolerates
full sun, especially in cool climates. Needs
neutral to acid soil—ideally, rich and well-
drained. Shallow planting is essential, as
plants are surface-rooting. Deadhead spent
flowers, wherever practical, to encourage
energy into growth rather than seed
production. Propagate by layering or
semiripe cuttings in late summer. Yellowing
leaves are usually caused by poor drainage,
excessively deep planting or lime in soil.
Weevils and powdery mildew may also
cause problems. ® The nectar of some
rhododendron flowers may cause severe
discomfort if ingested. See also feature
panel pp. 124-125.

Rhododendrons and azaleas
The genus Rhododendron includes not
only evergreen, large-leaved and frequently
large-flowered species and hybrids, but
also dwarf, smaller-leaved shrubs, both
evergreen and deciduous, with few-
flowered clusters of usually small blooms.
"Azalea" is the common name given to the
deciduous species and hybrids, as well as
to a group of compact, evergreen shrubs
derived mainly from Japanese species.

They are valued for their mass of small
colorful blooms produced in late spring.
Many of the evergreen azaleas (sometimes
known as Belgian azaleas) may also
be grown as houseplants. Botanically,
however, all are classified as
Rhododendron. The flowers are usually
single, but may be semidouble or double,
including hose-in-hose (one flower tube

inside the other). Unless otherwise stated
below, flowers are single and leaves mid-
to dark green and oval.

R. aberconwayi. Evergreen, distinctly
erect rhododendron. H to 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft
(1.2m). Has small, broadly lance-shaped,
rigid, deep green leaves. Bears saucer¬
shaped, white flowers in late spring.

R. albrechtii. Deciduous, upright, bushy
azalea. H to 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has
spoon-shaped leaves, clustered at branch
tips, and, in spring, loose clusters of 3-5
bell-shaped, green-spotted, purple or pink
flowers. Z6-8 H8-6.

R. 'Alison Johnstone'. Evergreen, bushy,
compact rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m).
Produces masses of bell-shaped, peach-
pink flowers in spring. Has waxy, gray-
green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Angelo'. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m).

Has bold foliage and large, fragrant, bell¬
shaped, white flowers in mid-summer.

Is good in light woodland. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. arboreum (Tree rhododendron), illus.
p.125. Evergreen, treelike rhododendron.

H to 40ft (12m), S 10ft (3m). Undersides
of broadly lance-shaped leaves are silver,
fawn or cinnamon. In spring has dense
clusters of bell-shaped flowers in colors
ranging from red (most tender form)
through pink to white. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. argyrophyllum. Evergreen, spreading
rhododendron. H and S to 15ft (5m).

Oblong leaves are silvery-white on
undersides. Loose bunches of bell-shaped,
rich pink flowers, sometimes with deeper
colored spots, are borne in spring. Is ideal
in light woodland. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. arizelum. See R. rex subsp. arizelum.

R. 'Ascot Brilliant'. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S 10ft (3m). Leaves
are broadly oval. In spring produces loose
bunches of funnel-shaped, waxy, rose-red
flowers, with darker edges. Z8-10 H10-7.

R. augustinii, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
bushy rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m).
Has lance-shaped to oblong, light green
leaves and, in spring, bears masses of
multi-stemmed, widely funnel-shaped,
pale to deep blue or lavender flowers.

Z6-9 H9-6.

R. auriculatum. Evergreen, bushy,
widely branching rhododendron. H and
S to 20ft (6m). Has large, oblong, hairy
leaves with distinct, earlike lobes at base.

In late summer bears loose bunches of
7-15 large, heavily scented, tubular to
funnel-shaped, white flowers. Is best in
light woodland. Z6-11 H12-6.

R. 'Azor'. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). Leaves
are broadly oval. Produces large, fragrant,
funnel-shaped, salmon-pink flowers in mid¬
summer.

R. 'Azuma-kagami'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears many
small, hose-in-hose, deep pink flowers in
mid-spring. Is best in partial shade. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. barbatum. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S to 30ft (10m). Has
lance-shaped, dark green leaves covered
with bristles, on stems; bark is plum-
colored and peeling. Bears tight bunches
of tubular to bell-shaped, bright scarlet
flowers in early spring.

R. 'Beauty of Little worth'. Evergreen,
open, shrubby rhododendron. H and S

12ft (4m). In late spring bears huge, conical
bunches of scented, funnel-shaped,
crimson-spotted, white flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.
R. 'Beefeater'. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S to 8ft (2.5m).

Leaves are broadly lance-shaped. Produces
flat-topped bunches of bell-shaped, scarlet
flowers in late spring and early summer.

R. 'Blaauw's Pink', illus. p.125.
Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 5ft
(1.5m). Bears masses of funnel-shaped,
salmon-pink flowers, with paler blush,
in late spring.

R. 'Blue Danube', illus. p.125. Evergreen,
upright azalea. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m).
Produces bell-shaped, vivid violet-blue
flowers in spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Blue Diamond'. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Small,
neat leaves contrast with funnel-shaped,
bright blue flowers borne in mid- to late
spring. Prefers full sun. Z6-9 H9-1.

R. 'Blue Peter'. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S to 12ft (4m). In
early summer produces bold, open funnel-
shaped, 2-tone lavender-purple flowers,
with frilled petal margins. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. calendulaceum (Flame azalea).
Deciduous, bushy azalea. H and S 6—10ft
(2-3m). In early summer bears funnel-
shaped, scarlet or orange flowers in
bunches of 5-7. Z5-8 H9-4.

R. calophytum, illus. p.124. Evergreen,
widely-branched rhododendron. H and S
to 20ft (6m). Produces large, lance-shaped
leaves and, in early spring, huge bunches
of bell-shaped, white or pale pink flowers,
with crimson spots. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. calostrotum. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S to 3ft (lm). Has
blue-green leaves and, in late spring,
saucer-shaped, purple or scarlet flowers
in clusters of 2-5. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Catawbiense Album'. Evergreen,
rounded rhododendron. H and S to 10ft
(3m). Bears glossy leaves and, in early
summer, dense, rounded bunches of bell¬
shaped, white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

R. 'Catawbiense Boursault'. Evergreen,
rounded rhododendron. H and S to 10ft
(3m). Has glossy leaves. Dense, rounded
bunches of bell-shaped, lilac-purple flowers
are borne in early summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

R. x cilpinense. See R. 'Cilpinense'.

R. 'Cilpinense', syn. R. x cilpinense.
Semievergreen, compact rhododendron.

H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are dark green
and glossy. Bears masses of large, bell¬
shaped, blush-pink flowers, flushed deeper
in bud, in early spring. Flowers are
vulnerable to frost damage. Z8-9 H9-8.

R. cinnabarinum, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
upright rhododendron. H and S 5-12ft
(1.5-4m). Has blue-green leaves with small
scales. Narrowly tubular, waxy, orange to
red flowers are borne in loose, drooping
bunches in late spring. Z8-9 H9-8. subsp.
xanthocodon, syn. R. xanthocodon has
aromatic, mid-green leaves, which are
blue-green when young, and yellow
flowers in late spring.

R. 'Coccineum Speciosum'. Deciduous,
bushy azalea. H and S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).
Produces open funnel-shaped, brilliant
rich orange-red flowers in early summer.
Broadly lance-shaped, dark green leaves
turn yellow or orange in fall Z9-10 H10-9.
R. 'Corneille'. Deciduous, bushy azalea.

H and S 5—8ft (1.5-2.5m). In early summer

677

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

POO

RHODODENDRON

produces fragrant, honeysuckle-like, cream
flowers, flushed pink outside. Has colorful
faU foliage. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Crest', syn. R. 'Hawk Crest'. Evergreen
rhododendron of open habit. H and
S 5—12ft (1.5-4m). Has broadly lance-shaped
leaves. Bell-shaped flowers are borne in
loose, flat-topped bunches, and are apricot
in bud, opening to clear sulfur-yellow in
late spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. cubittii. Evergreen rhododendron now
included in R. veitchianum. H 5ft (1.5m),

S to 3ft (lm). Has purple-brown young
shoots and oblong to elliptic, leathery,
sparsely scaly, mid- to dark green leaves. In
mid- and late spring bears funnel-shaped,
white to pale pink flowers, with brownish
or yellow-orange markings. Z8-10 H9-7.

R. 'Cunningham's White'. Evergreen,
compact rhododendron. H 8ft (2.5m),

S 6ft (2m). In spring produces open trusses
of funnel-shaped, pale lilac flowers, which
fade to white, speckled with purple and
yellow. Z6-8 H8-1.

R. 'Curlew', illus. p.125. Evergreen
rhododendron of compact, spreading
habit. H and S 1ft (30cm). Produces dull
green leaves and, in late spring, relatively
large, open funnel-shaped, yellow flowers.
Z7-9 H9-7.

jR. 'Cynthia'. Vigorous, evergreen, dome¬
shaped rhododendron. H and S to 20ft (6m).
Bears conical bunches of bell-shaped,
magenta-purple flowers, marked blackish-
red within, in late spring. Thrives in sun
and shade. Z6-9 H9-6.
jR. dauricum. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).
Produces funnel-shaped, vivid purple
flowers in loose clusters throughout winter.
Dark green leaves turn purple-brown in
frosty conditions. Z4-8 H8-1.

R. davidsonianum. Deciduous, upright
rhododendron. H 5—12ft (1.5-4m). Aromatic
leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. In late
spring has clusters of funnel-shaped
flowers, ranging from pale pink to mid¬
lilac-mauve. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Daviesii', illus. p.125. Deciduous,
upright azalea. H and S 6ft (2m). Fragrant,
funnel-shaped, white flowers, with yellow
flare, are borne in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.
jR. decorum, illus. p.124. Evergreen,
bushy rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m).
Oblong to lance-shaped leaves are mid¬
green above, paler beneath. Large,
fragrant, funnel-shaped, white or shell-
pink flowers, green- or pink-spotted
within, are produced in early summer.

Z7-9 H9-7.

678

jR. degronianum var. heptamerum,

syn. R. mettemichii. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).

Has oblong leaves, glossy and green above,
reddish-brown-felted beneath. Bell-shaped,
rose-red flowers, borne in spring, are in
rounded bunches of 10-15, often subtly
spotted within. Z5-7 H7-5.

R. discolor. See R. fortunei subsp.
discolor.

R. 'Doncaster'. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S 6—8ft (2-2.5m). Has
leathery, glossy leaves and, in late spring,
funnel-shaped, dark red flowers in dense
bunches. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Dopey'. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In spring
has bell-shaped, flame-orange flowers in
rounded trusses. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Dora Amateis'. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
are slender, glossy and pointed. Masses
of broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers,
tinged with pink and marked with green,
are borne in late spring. Is sun tolerant.
Z5-8 H8-1.

R. 'Elizabeth'. Evergreen, dome-shaped
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).

Leaves are oblong. Has large, trumpet¬
shaped, brilliant red flowers in late spring.
Is good in sun and partial shade. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. 'Elizabeth Lockhart'. Evergreen,
dome-shaped rhododendron. H and S 2ft
(60cm). Produces shiny, purple-green
leaves that become darker in winter. Bell¬
shaped, deep pink flowers are borne in
spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'English Roseum'. Vigorous,
evergreen, bushy rhododendron. H and
S 8ft (to 2.5m). Dark green leaves are paler
beneath. Bears compact bunches of funnel-
shaped, lilac-rose flowers in late spring.

R. 'Fabia'. Evergreen, dome-shaped
rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are
lance-shaped. Loose, flat trusses of funnel-
shaped, orange-tinted, scarlet flowers are
borne in early summer. Z8-9 H9-8.

R. falconeri, illus. p.124. Multi-stemmed,
evergreen rhododendron. H to 40ft (12m),

S 15ft (5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark
and broadly elliptic to oval, dark green
leaves, brown-felted beneath. In mid¬
spring produces widely bell-shaped, fleshy,
creamy-white or yellow flowers, sometimes
pink-tinged, often with purple marks
inside. Z8-9 H9-8.

R. 'Fastuosum Flore Pleno', illus. p.125.
Evergreen, dome-shaped rhododendron.

H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m). In early summer
bears loose bunches of funnel-shaped,
double, rich mauve flowers, with red-
brown marks and wavy margins. Z5-8
H8-5.

R. 'Fireball'. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
rounded trusses of bell-shaped, vivid
scarlet flowers in early spring. Z5-9 H9-3.
R. 'Firefly'. See R. 'Hexe'.

R. fortunei subsp. discolor, syn.

R. discolor. Evergreen, treelike
rhododendron. H and S to 25ft (8m). Leaves
are oblong to oval. Bears fragrant, funnel-
shaped, pink flowers in mid-summer. Is
ideal in light woodland. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Fragrantissimum', illus. p.124. Lax,
evergreen rhododendron. H and S 6ft (2m).
Nutmeg-scented, broadly funnel-shaped,
sometimes pink-flushed, white flowers,
with yellow throats, are borne in mid¬
spring. Leaves are hairy. Z9-10 H10-9.

R. 'Freya'. Deciduous azalea of compact,
shrubby habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Fragrant,
funnel-shaped, pink-flushed, orange-
salmon flowers are produced from late
spring to early summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Frome'. Deciduous azalea of shrubby
habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring bears
trumpet-shaped, saffron-yellow flowers,
overlaid red in throats; petals are frilled
and wavy-margined. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. fuivum, illus. p.125. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Oblong to oval, glossy, deep green leaves
are brown-felted beneath. In early spring
has loose bunches of bell-shaped, red-
blotched, pink flowers, which fade to white.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'George Reynolds'. Deciduous,
bushy azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Large,
funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, flushed pink
in bud, are borne with or before leaves in
spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Gibraltar', illus. p.125. Deciduous,
bushy azalea. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). In
spring produces tubular, flame-red flowers,
which are deep orange in bud. Z5-8 H8-5.
R. 'Gloria Mundi'. Deciduous, twiggy
azalea. H and S to 6ft (2m). Produces
fragrant, honeysuckle-like, yellow-flared,
orange flowers, with frilled margins, in
early summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Glory of Little worth'. Evergreen
or semievergreen, bushy hybrid between
a rhododendron and an azalea. H and
S 5ft (1.5m). Compact bunches of fragrant,
bell-shaped, orange-marked, creamy-white
flowers are borne abundantly in late spring
and early summer. Is not easy to cultivate.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Gold Crown'. See R. 'Goldkrone'.

R. 'Golden Torch', illus. p.124.

Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and
S 3ft (lm). In spring has bell-shaped, pink-
budded, pale yellow flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Goldkrone', syn. R. 'Gold Crown',
illus. p.125. Compact, evergreen shrub.

H and S 5ft (1.5m). Funnel- to bell-shaped,
bright golden-yellow flowers, delicately
spotted ruby-red inside, are borne in
succession in mid-spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Gomer Waterer', illus. p.124.
Evergreen, compact rhododendron. H and
S 5—12ft (1.5-4m). Leaves are curved back
at margins. Bell-shaped flowers, borne in
dense bunches in early summer, are white,
flushed mauve, with mustard, basal blotch.
Likes sun and partial shade. Z5-8 H8-1.

R. 'Grace Seabrook', illus. p.125.
Evergreen, upright rhododendron. H and
S 6ft (2m). Leaves are pointed. In spring
bears funnel-shaped, deep red flowers,
which are paler towards edges.

R. griftithianum. Evergreen, upright
rhododendron with peeling, red bark.

H 20ft (to 6m), S 10ft (3m). Bears loose
trusses of fragrant, bell-shaped, white
flowers in spring. Has large, elliptic,
glabrous leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Hatsugiri'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has masses
of small, funnel-shaped, bright crimson-
purple flowers in spring. Flowers very
reliably. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Hawk Crest'. See R. 'Crest'.

R. 'Hexe', syn. R. 'Firefly'. Evergreen
azalea of neat habit. H and S 2ft (60cm).

Has numerous relatively large, hose-in¬
hose, glowing, crimson flowers in spring.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Hinode-giri'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Bears masses
of small, funnel-shaped, bright crimson
flowers in late spring. Likes sun and partial
shade. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Hinomayo'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Masses of small,
funnel-shaped, clear pink flowers are
produced in spring. Likes sun and light
shade. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. hippophaeoides. Evergreen,
erect rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic leaves
are gray-green. Has small, funnel-shaped,
lavender or lilac flowers in spring.

Tolerates wet, but not stagnant, soil.

Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Homebush'. Deciduous, compact
azalea. H and S 5ft (1.5m). In late spring
bears tight, rounded heads of trumpet¬
shaped, semidouble, rose-purple flowers,
with paler shading. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Hotei', illus. p.125. Evergreen,
compact rhododendron. H and S 5—8ft
(1.5-2.5m). Large, funnel-shaped, deep
yellow flowers are freely produced in late
spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Humming Bird'. Evergreen, dome¬
shaped rhododendron of neat, compact
habit. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). From mid-
to late spring has bell-shaped, rose-pink
flowers, in loose, nodding bunches, above
rounded, glossy leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Hydon Hunter'. Evergreen
rhododendron of neat habit. H and
S to 5ft (1.5m). In late spring or early
summer has masses of large, narrowly
bell-shaped, red-rimmed flowers, paler
towards center and orange-spotted
within. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. impeditum. Slow-growing, evergreen
rhododendron. H and S to 2ft (60cm).
Aromatic leaves are gray-green. Funnel-
shaped, purplish-blue flowers are borne
in spring. Is ideal in a rock garden. Z5-8
H8-1.

R. 'Irohayama'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Has abundant,
small, funnel-shaped, white flowers, with
pale lavender margins and faint, brown
eyes, in spring. Does well in partial shade.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Jalisco'. Deciduous, open, bushy
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Bears bunches of narrowly bell-shaped,
straw-colored flowers, tinted orange-rose
at tips, in early summer.

R. 'Jeanette'. Semievergreen, upright
azalea. H and S 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Has funnel-
shaped, vivid phlox-pink, dark blotched
flowers, in spring. Is good in partial shade
and full sun.

R. 'John Cairns'. Evergreen, upright,
compact azalea. H and S 5—6ft (1.5-2m).
Bears abundant funnel-shaped, orange-
red flowers in spring. Grows reliably in
sun and partial shade. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. kaempferi (Torch azalea).
Semievergreen, erect, loosely branched
azalea. H and S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m). Leaves
are lance-shaped. Has masses of funnel-
shaped, orange or red flowers in late
spring and early summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Kilimanjaro'. Evergreen, bushy
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Bears broadly lance-shaped leaves.
Produces large, rounded bunches of
funnel- to bell-shaped, wavy-edged,
maroon-red flowers, spotted chocolate
within, in late spring and early summer.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Kirin'. Evergreen, compact azalea.

H and S to 5ft (1.5m). In spring has
numerous hose-in-hose flowers that are
deep rose, shaded delicate silvery-rose.
Looks best in partial shade. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. kiusianum (Kyushu azalea).
Semievergreen azalea of compact habit.

H and S to 2ft (60cm). Leaves are narrowly
oval. Produces clusters of 2-5 funnel-
shaped flowers, usually lilac-rose or
mauve-purple, in late spring. Prefers full
sun. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Lady Alice Fitzwilliam'. Evergreen,
bushy rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft
(1.5-4m). Leaves are glossy, dark green.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Loose bunches of heavily scented, broadly
funnel-shaped, white flowers, flushed pale
pink, are produced in mid- to late spring.
Grow against a south-or west-facing wall.
R. 'Lady Clementine Mitford'.
Evergreen, rounded, dense rhododendron.
H and S 12ft (4m). Has broadly oval, glossy,
dark green leaves that are silvery when
young and, in late spring and early
summer, bold bunches of tubular- to bell¬
shaped flowers, peach-pink fading to white
in center, with V-shaped, pink, green and
brown marks within. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Lady Rosebery'. Evergreen, stiffly
branched rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft
(1.5-4m). Bears clusters of drooping,
narrowly bell-shaped, waxy, deep pink
flowers, which are paler towards petal
margins, in late spring. Is ideal for
woodland margin.

R. laetum. Evergreen, erect
rhododendron. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Elliptic
to broadly elliptic, glossy, dark green leaves
have tiny, white scales beneath. In spring,
red flower stalks bear funnel-shaped,
golden-yellow flowers, later suffused
orange-red. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Lem's Cameo'. Evergreen, rounded,
bushy rhododendron. H and S 5—8ft
(1.5-2.5m). Leaves are rounded. In spring
has large-domed bunches of open funnel-
shaped, pale peach flowers, deep pink in
bud, shaded to pink at margins, with basal,
deep rose-colored blotches. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. leucaspis. Densely branched,
evergreen rhododendron. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). Has broadly elliptic, dark green
leaves, bristly above, scaly and yellowish-
green beneath. In early spring bears
saucer-shaped, white flowers, with
chocolate-brown anthers. Z8-9 H9-7.

R. 'Loderi King George', illus. p.124.
Large, evergreen rhododendron of open
habit. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large leaves.

In late spring and early summer, pale pink
buds open to huge trusses of fragrant,
funnel-shaped, pure white flowers, with
subtle green marks in throats. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. lutescens. Semievergreen, upright
rhododendron. H and S 5—10ft (1.5-3m).

Has oval to lance-shaped leaves that are
bronze-red when young. In early spring
bears funnel-shaped, primrose-yellow
flowers. Is effective in light woodland.

Z7-9 H9-7.

R. luteum (Pontic azalea), illus. p.125.

Open deciduous azalea. H and S 5-8ft
(1.5-2.5m). Mid-green leaves are oblong
to lance-shaped. Has very fragrant, funnel-
shaped, bold yellow flowers in spring. Fall
foliage is rich and colorful. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. maccabeanum. Evergreen, treelike
rhododendron. H and S to 45ft (13.5m).

Has bold, broadly oval leaves, dark green
above, gray-felted beneath, and, in early
spring, large bunches of bell-shaped,
yellow flowers, blotched purple within.
Z8-11 Hll-10.

R. mallotum. Evergreen, upright, open
rhododendron, occasionally treelike.

H and S to 12ft (4m). Oblong to oval leaves
are deep green above, red-brown-felted
beneath. Showy, tubular, crimson flowers
in loose bunches are borne in early spring.
R. 'May Day'. Evergreen, spreading
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).

Leaves are fresh green above, whitish-
felted beneath. Has masses of loose
bunches of long-lasting, funnel-shaped.

scarlet flowers in late spring; petal-like
calyces match flower color. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Medway'. Deciduous, bushy, open
azalea. H and S 5—8ft (1.5-2.5m). In late
spring has large, trumpet-shaped, pale pink
flowers, with darker margins and orange-
flashed throats; petal margins are frilled.
Z5-8 H8-5.

R. metternichii. See R. degronianum var.
heptamerum.

R. 'Moonshine Crescent'. Evergreen,
rounded to upright rhododendron. H 6-8ft
(2-2.5m), S 6ft (2m). In late spring produces
compact trusses of bell-shaped, yellow
flowers. Leaves are oblong to oval and dark
green. Z6-8 H8-6.

R. 'Mother's Day', illus. p.125.

Evergreen, compact azalea. H and S 3ft
(lm). Has funnel-shaped, bright red
flowers in spring.

R. moupinense. Evergreen, rounded,
compact rhododendron. H and S to 5ft
(1.5m). Produces funnel-shaped, pink
flowers, in loose bunches, in late winter
and early spring. Leaves are glossy, dark
green above, paler beneath. Is best grown
in a sheltered situation to reduce risk of
frosted flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Mrs. G.W. Leak'. Evergreen, upright,
compact rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m).
In late spring bears compact, conical
bunches of funnel-shaped, pink flowers,
with black-brown and crimson marks
within. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. nakaharae. Evergreen, mound¬
forming azalea. H and S 2ft (60cm). Shoots
and oblong to oval leaves are densely hairy.
Funnel-shaped, dark brick-red flowers are
borne in small clusters in mid-summer. Is
ideal for a rock garden. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Nancy Waterer'. Deciduous, twiggy
azalea. H and S 5—8ft (1.5-2.5m). Has large,
long-tubed and honeysuckle-like, brilliant
golden-yellow flowers in early summer. Is
good in partial shade and full sun. Z5-8
H8-5.

R. 'Narcissiflorum'. Vigorous,
deciduous, compact azalea. H and
S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m). Sweetly scented, hose-
in-hose, pale yellow flowers, darker outside
and in center, are borne in late spring or
early summer. Fall foliage is bronze. Z5-8
H8-5.

R. niveum, illus. p.125. Evergreen,
shrubby rhododendron. H 16ft (5m),

S 10ft (3m). Narrowly oval to lance-shaped,
dark green leaves are white felted when
young and brown felted beneath when
mature. Bell-shaped, plum-purple flowers,
in compact, rounded heads, are borne
in spring.

R. Nobleanum Group. Evergreen,
upright shrub or treelike rhododendron.

H and S to 15ft (5m). Bears large, compact
bunches of broadly funnel-shaped, rose-
red, pink or white flowers in winter or
early spring. Will flower for long periods
in mild weather. Is best in a sheltered
position. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Norma'. Vigorous, deciduous,
compact azalea. H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Bears
masses of hose-in-hose, rose-red flowers,
with salmon glow, in spring. Grows well
in sun and partial shade. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Nova Zembla'. Vigorous, evergreen,
upright rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft
(1.5-4m). Has funnel-shaped, dark red
flowers, in closely set bunches, from late
spring to early summer. Z5-8 H8-1.

R. occidentale (Western azalea). Bushy,
deciduous, azalea. H and S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).
Glossy, mid-green leaves turn yellow or
orange in fall. Bears fragrant, funnel-
shaped, white or pale pink flowers, with
yellow-orange, basal blotch, from early
to mid-summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Olive'. Upright, evergreen
rhododendron. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).
Small, oval to elliptic, mid-green leaves are
paler green beneath. Has funnel-shaped,
mauve-pink flowers, with darker spots
inside, in early spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. orbiculare, illus. p.124. Evergreen
rhododendron of compact habit. H and
S to 10ft (3m). Has rounded, bright green
leaves and bell-shaped, rose-pink flowers,
in loose bunches, in late spring. Z7-9 H9-7.
R. oreotrephes. Deciduous, upright
shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and
S to 15ft (5m). Has scaly, gray-green leaves.
In spring bears loose bunches of 3-10
broadly funnel-shaped flowers, usually
mauve or purple, but variable, often with
crimson spots. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. pachysanthum , illus. p.124. Evergreen,
compact, rounded rhododendron. H and
S 6ft (2m). New shoots and oblong leaves,
with pointed tips, are covered in fawn felt.
Trusses of open bell-shaped, white to pale
pink flowers, sometimes with purple flecks,
are borne in mid- and late spring. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. 'Palestrina'. Evergreen or
semievergreen, compact, free-flowering
azalea. H and S to 4ft (1.2m). Has large,
open funnel-shaped, white flowers, with
faint, green marks, in late spring. Grows
well in partial shade. Z5-8 H8-3.

R. 'Patty Bee', illus. p.125. Evergreen,
compact rhododendron. H and S 3ft (lm).
Produces trusses of funnel-shaped,
lemon-colored flowers in spring.

Z5-9 H9-6.

R. 'Percy Wiseman', illus. p.122.

R. 'Peter John Mezitt', syn. R. 'PJ.
Mezitt'. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S to 5ft (1.5m).
Aromatic leaves are small, dark green in
summer, bronze-purple in winter. Bears
frost-resistant, funnel-shaped, lavender-
pink flowers in early spring. Is good in
full sun. Z4-8 H8-1.

R. 'P.J. Mezitt'. See R. 'Peter John
Mezitt'.

R. 'Pink Pearl', illus. p.125. Vigorous,
evergreen, upright, open rhododendron.

H and S 12ft (4m) or more. Bears tall
bunches of open funnel-shaped, pink
flowers in late spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Polar Bear', illus. p.124. Vigorous,
multi-stemmed, evergreen rhododendron.

H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). In late summer
bears strongly scented, tubular to funnel-
shaped, white flowers, with light brown-
flecked, pale green throats. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. praecox, illus. p.125. Partially
deciduous, compact rhododendron. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Funnel-shaped, rose-
purple flowers, in 2s and 3s, are borne at
ends of shoots in late winter and early
spring. Elliptic leaves are aromatic when
bruised. Z6-8 H8-6.

R. 'Ptarmigan'. Evergreen, spreading
rhododendron that forms compact mound.
H to 1ft (30cm), S 272ft (75cm) or more.
Funnel-shaped, pure white flowers are
borne in early spring. Prefers full sun.

Z7-9 H9-7.

RHODODENDRON

R. 'Purple Splendour', illus. p.125.
Evergreen, bushy rhododendron. H and
S to 10ft (3m). Has bunches of open funnel-
shaped, rich royal-purple flowers, with
black marks in throats, in late spring or
early summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Queen Elizabeth II'. Evergreen,
bushy rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft
(1.5-4m). Bears funnel-shaped, greenish-
yellow flowers in loose bunches in late
spring. Leaves are narrowly oval or lance¬
shaped, glossy and mid-green above, paler
beneath. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Queen of Hearts'. Evergreen, open
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).

Has masses of domed bunches of funnel-
shaped, deep crimson flowers, black-
speckled within, in mid-spring.

R. quinquefolium, illus. p.124.

Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 10-13ft (3-4m),

S 10ft (3m). Has obovate to diamond¬
shaped, mid-green leaves in whorls of 4 or
5 at shoot ends. Leaves have reddish edges
when young and color well in fall. In mid-
and late spring bears small clusters of
pendent, saucer-shaped, green-spotted,
white flowers.

R. racemosum. Evergreen, upright, stiffly
branched rhododendron. H and S to 8ft
(2.5m). Has clusters of widely funnel-
shaped, bright pink flowers borne along
the stems in spring. Small, aromatic,
broadly oval leaves are dull green above,
gray-green below. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. rex. Vigorous, evergreen, upright shrub
or treelike rhododendron. H and S 12ft (4m)
or more. Leaves are pale buff-felted
beneath. Pink or white flowers have
crimson blotch and spotted throat. Z8-10
H10-8. subsp. arizelum, syn. R. arizelum,
H and S 25ft (8m), has inversely oval leaves
and usually yellow, sometimes pink, rarely
white flowers, with crimson marks in
throats, subsp. fictolacteum (illus. p.124),
H to 45ft (13.5m), has large leaves, green
above, brown-felted beneath. Bears
bunches of bell-shaped, white flowers
in spring, with maroon blotch and often
spotted throat.

R. 'Romany Chai'. Vigorous, evergreen
rhododendron, open when young,
becoming denser with age. H and S 5—12ft
(1.5-4m). Has dark green, bronze-tinged
foliage. In early summer produces large,
compact bunches of broadly funnel-
shaped, rich brown-red flowers, with
maroon, basal blotch. Is suitable for light
woodland.

R. 'Roseum Elegans'. Vigorous,
evergreen, rounded rhododendron. H and
S 8ft (2.5m) or more. Foliage is bold and
glossy, deep green. In early summer bears
rounded bunches of broadly funnel-
shaped, reddish-purple flowers, marked
with yellow-brown. Z5-9 H9-4.

R. 'Roza Stevenson'. Vigorous,
evergreen, upright rhododendron of open
habit. H and S 5-12ft (1.5-4m). Produces
masses of fine, loose bunches of saucer¬
shaped, lemon flowers from mid- to late
spring. Is excellent in partial shade. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. rubiginosum. Vigorous, evergreen,
upright, well-branched rhododendron.

H 20ft (6m), S 8ft (2.5m). Aromatic leaves
are lance-shaped, dull green above,
reddish-brown beneath. Has funnel-
shaped, lilac-purple flowers in loose
bunches in mid-spring.

679

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

RHODODENDRON

R. schlippenbachii (Royal azalea).
Deciduous, rounded, open azalea. H and
S 8ft (2.5m). Spoon-shaped leaves are
in whorls at branch ends. Bears loose
bunches of 3-6 saucer-shaped, pink
flowers in mid-spring. Is suitable for
light woodland. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Seta', illus. p.125. Evergreen, erect
rhododendron. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3—5ft
(1-1.5m). In early spring bears loose
bunches of tubular, vivid pink-and-white-
striped flowers, fading to white at bases.
Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Seven Stars'. Vigorous, evergreen,
upright, dense rhododendron. H and
S 6-10ft (2-3m). Has yellowish-green
foliage and, in spring, masses of bunches
of large, bell-shaped, wavy-margined,
white flowers, flushed with apple-blossom
pink, pink in bud. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. sinogrande, illus. p.124. Evergreen,
bushy rhododendron. H and S 30ft (10m).
Has very large, oblong to lance-shaped,
glossy, dark green leaves, silver- to buff-
felted beneath. In mid- and late spring
bears widely bell-shaped, pale yellow to
creamy-white flowers, marked crimson
inside. Z8-10 H10-8.

R. 'Snowdrift'. Deciduous, bushy azalea.
H and S to 8ft (2.5m). Bears bunches of
large, slender-tubed flowers in spring
before leaves are produced. White flowers
have yellow marks that deepen to orange.
Z6-8 H8-6.

R. souliei. Evergreen, open
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Has rounded leaves and, in late spring,
saucer-shaped, soft pink flowers.

Grows best in areas of low rainfall.

Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Spek's Orange'. Deciduous, bushy
azalea. H and S to 8ft (2.5m). In late
spring bears bold bunches of large,
slender-tubed, bright reddish-orange
flowers, with greenish marks within.

Z5-8 H8-5.

R. 'Strawberry Ice'. Deciduous,
bushy azalea. H and S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m).

In late spring, deep pink buds open into
trumpet-shaped, flesh-pink flowers,
with deep yellow-marked throats and
mottled deeper pink petal margins
Z4-8 H8-1.

R. 'Surprise'. Evergreen, dense azalea.

H and S to 5ft (1.5m). Has abundant, small,
funnel-shaped, light orange-red flowers
in mid-spring. Looks effective when mass
planted and is ideal in partial shade and
full sun. Z7-9 H9-7.

jR. 'Susan'. Close-growing, evergreen
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Foliage is glossy, dark green. In spring
bears large bunches of open funnel-shaped
flowers in 2 shades of blue-mauve, spotted
purple within. Z6-9 H9-6.
jR. sutchuenense. Evergreen, spreading
shrub or treelike rhododendron. H and
S to 16ft (5m). Has large leaves and, in early
spring, large bunches of broadly funnel-
shaped, pink flowers, spotted deeper
within. Is suitable for light woodland.

Z6-9 H9-6.

680

jR. 'Temple Belle'. Evergreen
rhododendron of neat, compact habit.

H and S 5-8ft (1.5-2.5m). Loose bunches
of bell-shaped, clear pink flowers are
produced in spring. Rounded leaves are
dark green above, gray-green beneath.
Z8-9 H9-8.

R. thomsonii. Evergreen, rounded
rhododendron of open habit. H and S to 18ft
(5.5m). Leaves are waxy, dark green above,
whiter beneath. Peeling, fawn-colored bark
contrasts well with bell-shaped, waxy, red
flowers in spring. Z8-12 H12-10.

R. 'Vuyk's Scarlet'. Evergreen, compact
azalea. H and S to 2ft (60cm). In spring
bears masses of relatively large, open
funnel-shaped, brilliant red flowers, with
wavy petals, which completely cover glossy
foliage. Z6-9 H9-5.

R. wardii. Evergreen, compact
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).
Leaves are rounded. In late spring bears
loose bunches of saucer-shaped, clear
yellow flowers, with crimson, basal
blotches. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. williamsianum, illus. p.124. Evergreen
rhododendron of compact, spreading
habit. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Young leaves are
bronze, maturing to mid-green. Has loosely
clustered, bell-shaped, pink flowers in
spring. Is ideal for a small garden.

Z7-9 H9-7.

R. 'Woodcock'. Evergreen, compact,
spreading rhododendron. H and S 5-8ft
(1.5-2.5m). Has semi-glossy, dark green
leaves and, in spring, masses of loose
bunches of funnel-shaped, rose-red
flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

R. xanthocodon. See R. cinnabarium
subsp. xanthocodon.

R. yakushimanum, illus. p.124.
Evergreen, dome-shaped rhododendron
of neat, compact habit. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft
(1.5m). Leaves are broadly oval, silvery
at first, maturing to deepest green, and
brown-felted beneath. In late spring has
open funnel-shaped, pink flowers, green
flecked within, that fade to near white.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Yellow Hammer', illus. p.126.

R. yunnanense. Semievergreen, open
rhododendron. H and S 5—12ft (1.5-4m).

Has aromatic, gray-green leaves and
masses of butterfly-like, pale pink or white
flowers, with blotched throats, in spring.
Z6-9 H9-6.

RHODOHYPOXIS

HYPOXIDACEAE ~

Genus of dwarf, spring- to summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennials, grown
for their pink, red or white flowers, each
comprising 6 petals that meet at the center,
so the flower has no eye. Needs full sun
and sandy, peaty soil. Water freely when
in growth. Propagate in spring by seed
or offsets.

R. 'Albrighton', illus. p.365.

R. baurii. Spring- and early summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 2-4in
(5-10cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Has erect,
basal tuft of narrowly lance-shaped,
hairy leaves. Bears succession of erect,
flattish, white, pale pink or red flowers,
on slender stems. Z9-10 H10-9. var.
platypetala has larger, white or very
pale pink flowers.

R. 'Douglas'. Spring- and early
summer-flowering, tuberous perennial.

H 2-4in (5-10cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm).

Has erect, basal tuft of narrowly lance¬
shaped, hairy leaves. Bears succession
of solitary, upright, flattish, rich deep red
flowers, on slender stems. Z9-10 H 10-9.
R. 'Margaret Rose', illus. p.362.

RHODOLEIA

HAMAMELIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly spring¬
flowering trees, grown for their foliage
and flowers. Needs full light or partial
shade and rich, well-drained, neutral
to acid soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, sparingly
at other times. Tolerates pruning, if
necessary. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed when
ripe, in fall, or in spring.

R. championii. Evergreen, bushy tree.
H and S 12-25ft (4-8m). Elliptic to oval,
bright green leaves, to 372in (9cm) long,
are borne near shoot tips. Clusters of
tiny flowers, surrounded by petal-like,
pink bracts, are produced in spring.

Zll H12-10.

RHODOPHIALA

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their large,
funnel-shaped flowers. Needs full sun or
partial shade and well-drained soil. Keep
dormant bulbs dry in winter. Propagate
by seed in spring or by offsets in spring
(summer-flowering species).
jR. advena, syn. Hippeastrum advenum,
illus. p.410.

RHODOTHAMNUS

ERICACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, semi-
prostrate, open shrub, grown for its
flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and
peat beds. Needs sun and rich, well-
drained, acid soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
jR. chamaecistus, illus. p.338.

RHODOTYPOS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its flowers. Needs sun or partial
shade and fertile, moist but well-drained
soil. After flowering, on established plants,
cut back some older shoots. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

R. kerrioides. See R. scandens.

R. scandens , syn. R. kerrioides, illus.
p.149.

Rhoeo discolor. See Tradescantia
spathacea.

Rhoeo spathacea. See Tradescantia
spathacea.

RHOICISSUS

VITACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers,
grown for their foliage. Bears
inconspicuous flowers intermittently.

Needs sun and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Water regularly, less in
cold weather. Provide support. Remove
crowded stems when necessary or in
early spring. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
jR. capensis (Cape grape). Vigorous,
evergreen, tendril climber. H and S to 15ft
(5m). Rounded, toothed, lustrous, mid- to
deep green leaves, to 8in (20cm) wide, have

deeply rounded, heart-shaped bases. Zll
H12-10.

R. rhombifolia. See Cissus rhombifolia.
R. rhomboidea. See Cissus rhombifolia.

RHOMBOPHYLLUM

AIZOACEAE

Genus of mat-forming, perennial
succulents with dense, basal rosettes
of linear or semicylindrical leaves, each
expanded towards middle or tip; leaf tip
is reflexed or incurved. Needs sun and
very well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

R. rhomboideum, illus. p.494.

RHUS

Sumac

ANACARDIACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, shrubs and
scrambling climbers, grown for their
divided, ashlike foliage, fall color and,
in some species, showy fruit clusters.
Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer,
by seed in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
May be attacked by coral spot fungus.

® All parts of R. verniciflua are highly
toxic if ingested; contact with its foliage,
and that of a number of related species,
including R. succedanea, may aggravate
skin allergies.

R. aromatica (Fragrant sumac).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 5ft (1.5m). Deep green leaves, divided
into 3 oval leaflets, turn orange or reddish-
purple in fall. Tiny, yellow flowers are
borne in mid-spring, before foliage,
followed by spherical, red fruits. Z2-8
H8-1.

R. copallina (Dwarf sumac. Shining
sumac). Deciduous, upright shrub. H and
S 3—5ft (1-1.5m) or more. Glossy, dark
green leaves, divided into numerous lance¬
shaped leaflets, turn red-purple in fall.
Minute, greenish-yellow flowers, borne in
dense clusters from mid- to late summer,
are followed by narrowly egg-shaped,
bright red fruits. Z5-9 H9-4.

R. cotinoides. See Cotinus obovatus.

R. cotinus. See Cotinus coggygria.

R. glabra, illus. p.140.

R. hirta. SeeR. typhina. 'Laciniata'. See
R. typhina 'Dissecta'.

R. potaninii. Deciduous, round-headed
tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft (8m). Large, dark
green leaves, with usually 7-11 oval leaflets,
turn red in fall. In summer produces dense
clusters of tiny, yellow-green flowers.
Female flower clusters are followed by tiny,
spherical, black or brownish fruits. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. succedanea, syn. Toxicodendron
succedaneum (Wax tree). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Large,
glossy, dark green leaves, divided into
9-15 oval leaflets, turn red in fall. Has
dense clusters of tiny, yellow-green flowers
in summer. Female flowers are followed
by tiny, spherical, black or brownish fruits.
Z5-8 H8-5.

R. trichocarpa, illus. p.90.

R. typhina, syn. R. hirta (Staghorn sumac.
Velvet sumac). Deciduous, spreading,
suckering, open shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m),
S 20ft (6m). Velvety shoots are clothed in
dark green leaves divided into oblong

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

leaflets. Produces minute, greenish-
white flowers from mid- to late summer.
Leaves become brilliant orange-red in
fall, accompanying clusters of spherical,
deep red fruits on female plants. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Dissecta', syn. R. hirta 'Laciniata',
R. typhina 'Laciniata' illus. p.117.
'Laciniata' of gardens. See R. typhina
'Dissecta'.

R. verniciflua, syn. Toxicodendron
vernicifluum (Varnish tree). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Large, glossy, bright green leaves, divided
into 7-13 oval leaflets, redden in fall.

Bears dense clusters of tiny, yellow-green
flowers in summer, followed by berry-like,
brownish-yellow fruits. 0 Contact with
the sap may severely irritate the skin.

Z6-9 H9-6.

x RHYNCATTLEANTHE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x R. Cherub gx 'Spring Daffodil', syn.
x Potinara Cherub gx 'Spring Daffodil'.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 6in (15cm).
Sprays of yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
are produced in spring. Broadly oval, rigid
leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Needs good
light in summer.

Rhynchelytrum repens. See Melinis
repens.

Rhynchelytrum roseum. See Melinis
repens.

x RHYNCHOLAELIOCATTLEYA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS,
x R. Hetherington Horace gx
'Coronation', syn. x Brassolaeliocattleya
Hetherington Horace gx 'Coronation'.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm).
Bears stiff, oval leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long, and fragrant, light pink flowers,

4in (10cm) across, with deep pink-yellow
lips, up to 4 to a stem, mainly in spring.
Provide good light in summer,
x R. Mount Adams gx, syn.
x Brassocattleya Mount Adams gx, illus.
p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm).
Intermittently produces lavender-pink
flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, with darker
lip marked yellow and red, up to 4 per
stem. Has oval, stiff leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long. Needs good light in summer,
x R. St. Helier gx, syn.
x Brassolaeliocattleya St. Helier gx.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for an
intermediate greenhouse. H 18in (45cm).
Produces oval, stiff leaves, 4-6in (10-15cm)
long. Pinkish-purple flowers, to 4in (10cm)
across, with yellow-marked, rich red lips,
are borne 1-4 to a stem, mainly in spring.
Grow in good light in summer.

RHYNCHOSPORA

CYPERACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

R. colorata, syn. Dichromena colorata,
illus. p.437.

RHYNCHOSTELE

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

R. bictoniensis , syn. Lemboglossum
bictoniense, Odontoglossum bictoniense.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Olive-green
flowers, lVzin (4cm) across, barred with
dark brown and sometimes pink-flushed,
white lip, are produced in spikes in late
summer. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4-6in
(10-15cm) long. Requires shade in summer.
R. cervantesii, syn. Lemboglossum
cervantesii, Odontoglossum cervantesii.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 3in (8cm). In winter
produces sprays of papery, white flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, with cobweb-like, light
brown marks. Has narrowly oval leaves,
4-6in (10-15cm) long. Grow in shade in
summer.

R. cordatum , syn. Lemboglossum
cordatum, Odontoglossum cordatum.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 5in (12cm). Sprays of
brown-marked, corn-yellow flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, are produced in spring.
Leaves are narrowly oval and 4-6in
(10-15cm) long. Provide shade in summer
and keep very dry in winter.

R. rossii, syn. Lemboglossum rossii,
Odontoglossum rossii, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 3in (8cm). In fall-winter,
white to mushroom-pink flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, speckled beige-brown, are
borne in spikes. Narrowly oval leaves are
4-6in (10-15cm) long. Needs shade in
summer.

RIBES

Flowering currant

GROSSULARIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly
spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their
edible fruits (currants and gooseberries)
or their flowers. Needs full sun and well-
drained, fertile soil, but R. laurifolium
tolerates shade. After flowering, cut out
some older shoots and, in winter or early
spring, prune straggly, old plants hard.
Propagate deciduous species by hardwood
cuttings in winter, evergreens by semiripe
cuttings in summer. Aphids attack young
foliage.

R. aureum of gardens. See R. odoratum.

R. laurifolium, illus. p.165.

R. odoratum, syn. R. aureum (Buffalo
currant. Clove currant). Deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Clusters of
fragrant, tubular, golden-yellow flowers are
borne from mid- to late spring, followed by
rounded, purple fruits. Rounded, 3-lobed,
bright green leaves turn red and purple in
fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

R. sanguineum (Flowering currant).
'Brocklebankii' is a deciduous, spreading
shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has aromatic,
pale yellow leaves. Pendent clusters of
small, pale pink flowers, in spring, are
followed by white-bloomed, black fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6. 'Edward VII', illus. p.146.
'Pulborough Scarlet', illus. p.123.
'Tydeman's White', H and S 8ft (2.5m),
has pure white flowers.

R. speciosum, illus. p.193.

RICHEA

ERICACEAE/EPACRIDACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their foliage and densely
clustered flowers. Needs sun or partial
shade and moist, peaty, neutral to acid soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

R. scoparia. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Shoots are covered with
narrowly lance-shaped, sharp-pointed,
dark green leaves. Bears dense, upright
spikes of small, egg-shaped, pink, white,
orange or maroon flowers in early summer.
Z9-10 H10-9.

RICINUS

EUPHORBIACEAE

Genus of one species of fast-growing,
evergreen, treelike shrub, grown for its
foliage. In cool climates, is grown as an
annual. Needs sun and fertile to rich,
well-drained soil. May require support
in exposed areas. Propagate by seed
sown under glass in early spring. 0 All
parts of R. communis, particularly the
seeds, are highly toxic if ingested;
contact with the foliage may aggravate
skin allergies.

R. communis , illus. p.318. 'Impala', illus.
p.308.

ROBINIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, mainly summer¬
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for
their foliage and clusters of pealike
flowers. Is useful for poor, dry soil.

Needs sun and any but waterlogged soil.
Branches are brittle and may be damaged
by strong winds. Propagate by seed or
suckers in fall or by root cuttings in
winter. 0 All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

R. x ambigua 'Decaisneana'.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m),

S 30ft (10m). Dark green leaves are
divided into numerous oval leaflets.

Long, hanging clusters of pealike, pink
flowers are borne in early summer.

Z4-11 H12-1.

R. hispida, illus. p.133. var. kelseyi , syn.
R. kelseyi (Allegheny moss locust) is a
deciduous, spreading, open shrub.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Clusters of
pealike, rose-pink flowers, in late
spring or early summer, are followed
by pendent, red seed pods. Dark
green leaves are divided into 9 or
11 oval leaflets.

R. kelseyi. See R. hispida var. kelseyi.

R. pseudoacacia (Black locust). Fast¬
growing, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 80ft (25m), S 50ft (15m). Dark green
leaves are divided into 11-23 oval leaflets.
Has dense, drooping clusters of fragrant,
pealike, white flowers in late spring and
early summer. Z4-9 H9-3. 'Frisia', illus.
p.76. 'Umbraculifera', H and S 20ft (6m),
rarely produces rounded, dense flower
head. Z4-9 H9-1.

R. x slavinii 'Hilleri', illus. p.86.

Rochea coccinea. See Crassula
coccinea.

ROMULEA

RODGERSIA

SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous
perennials. Is ideal for pond sides. Needs
shelter from strong winds, which may
damage foliage. Requires sun or partial
shade and moist soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall.

R. aesculifolia, illus. p.437.

R. pinnata 'Fireworks' Clump-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Has large creeping root and
large, pinnate, red-tinged, mid-green leaves
divided into narrowly oval leaflets. In
summer produces much-branched, loose
panicles of small, star-shaped, pink-red
flowers. 'Superba', H 3—4ft (1-1.2m), S 2Vzft
(75cm), has bronze-tinged, emerald-green
leaves and bright pink flowers. Z3-7 H7-1.

R. podophylla, illus. p.436.

R. sambucifolia, illus. p.437.

R. tabularis. See Astilboides tabularis.

ROMNEYA

Matilija poppy; Tree poppy

PAPAVERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering, woody-based
perennials and deciduous subshrubs.
Requires a warm, sunny position and deep,
well-drained soil. Is difficult to establish,
resents being moved and, in very cold
areas, roots may need protection in winter.
Once established, may spread rapidly.
Propagate by softwood cuttings of basal
shoots in early spring, by seed in fall
(transplanting seedlings without disturbing
rootballs) or by root cuttings in winter.

R. coulteri, illus. p.216.

R. 'White Cloud'. Vigorous, bushy,
woody-based perennial. H and S 3ft (lm).
Throughout summer produces large,
slightly fragrant, shallowly cup-shaped,
white flowers, with prominent golden
stamens. Leaves are oval, deeply lobed
and gray. Z8-10 H9-2.

ROMULEA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of crocus-like corms, grown for
their funnel-shaped flowers. Needs full
light and well-drained, sandy soil. Water
freely in growing period. Most species die
down in summer and then need warmth
and dryness. R. macowanii, however, is
dormant in winter. Propagate by seed in
fall, or in spring for R. macowanii.

R. bulbocodioides of gardens. See R. flava.
R. bulbocodium, illus. p.419.

R. flava, syn. R. bulbocodioides. Early
spring-flowering corm. H to 4in (10cm),

S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Has threadlike, erect,
basal leaf and 1-5 upright, widely funnel-
shaped, usually yellow flowers, V-t-lVzin
(2-4cm) across, with deeper yellow centers.
Z9-10 H10-9.

R. longituba. See R. macowanii var.
alticola.

R. macowanii var. alticola, syn.

R. longituba. Summer-flowering corm.

H and S 72- 3 /4in (l-2cm). Leaves are
threadlike, erect and basal. Produces 1-3
upright, yellow flowers, lVun (3cm) across
with long tube expanding to become wide
funnel shape. Z8-10 H10-8.

R. sabulosa. Early spring-flowering corm.
H 2-6in (5-15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Forms

681

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

RONDELETIA

threadlike, erect, basal leaves. Stems bear
1-4 upward-facing, funnel-shaped, black-
centered, bright red flowers that open
flattish, to 172-2in (4-5cm) across, in sun.
Z9-10 H10-9.

RONDELETIA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering trees and shrubs, grown
mainly for their flowers. Requires full
light or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately
at other times. Stems may be shortened
in early spring if necessary. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

R. amoena. Evergreen, rounded shrub.

H and S 6-12ft (2-4m). Oval, dark green
leaves are brown hairy beneath. Produces
dense clusters of tubular, 4- or 5-lobed,
pink flowers in summer. Zll H12-10.

Rooksbya euphorbioides. See

Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides.

ROSA

Rose

ROSACEAE

Q

R

682

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
open shrubs and scrambling climbers,
grown for their profusion of flowers, often
fragrant, and sometimes for their fruits
(rose hips). Leaves are divided into usually
5 or 7 oval leaflets, with rounded or
pointed tips, that are sometimes toothed.
Stems usually bear thorns, or prickles.

Most of the bush and climbing roses grow
well in Z5-9 H9-5 (unless otherwise stated)
but are often grown in colder zones and
protected for the winter by mounding,
deep planting, or burying. Prefers an open,
sunny site and requires fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Avoid planting in an area
where roses have been grown in recent
years, as problems due to harmful
organisms may occur: either exchange
the soil, which may be used satisfactorily
elsewhere, or choose another site for the
new rose. To obtain blooms of high quality,
feed in late winter or early spring with a
balanced fertilizer and apply a mulch. In
spring and summer, feed regularly at
3-weekly intervals. Remove spent flower
heads from plants that are "remontant"
("rising up again"; other terms used are
repeat- or perpetual-flowering). May be
trimmed for tidiness in early winter. To
improve health, flower quality and shape
of bush, prune in the dormant season or,
preferably, in early spring, before young
shoots develop from dormant growth
buds: remove dead, damaged and dying
wood; lightly trim Old Garden and
Groundcover roses (see below); remove
two-thirds of previous summer's growth of
Modern bush, including miniature, roses.
Correct treatment of Modern shrub and
climbing roses, ramblers and Species roses
depends on the individual cultivar, but in
general they should be pruned only lightly.
Propagate by budding in summer or by
hardwood cuttings in fall. All roses are
prone to attack by various pests and
diseases, including aphids, blackspot,
powdery mildew, rust and sawfly.

Rose species and cultivars are often

regarded as 2 separate groups. Cultivars
are farther divided into Old Garden and
Modern roses. Each group comprises
different types, based, it is claimed, on the
functional qualities of each plant, such as
whether it is repeat-flowering, rather than
on any historical, botanical or genetical
relationships. Flowers occur in a variety of
forms (illustrated and described on p.172).
and are single (4-7 petals), semidouble
(8-20 petals), double (20-30 petals) or fully
double (over 30 petals). Many modern rose
cultivars are sold under names other than
the registered Plant Breeder's Rights (PBR)
names; where this is the case, the plant is
listed under its trade name, with the PBR
name in brackets afterwards. Roses are
illustrated on pp. 172-187.

Species roses

Species, or wild, roses (including those
interspecific hybrids that share most of
the characteristics of their parent species)
are either shrubs or climbers, mostly
bearing single, 5-petaled, often fragrant
flowers in summer, usually in one flush
on short shoots from second-year wood;
the flowers are followed by red or black
hips in fall.

Old Garden roses

This category is so large that it is divided
into two groups. Roses in Group A are
mostly of European origin, while those
in Group B are hybrids between Oriental
and European roses.

Group A

Alba —large, freely branching shrubs with
only a few prickles on the stems. They
bear clusters of 5-7 semi- to fully double,
scented flowers in mid-summer, on shoots
from second-year wood. Have abundant,
grayish-green leaves. Most are good for
borders and as hedges or as specimen
plants.

Centifolia (or Provence) —lax, thorny
shrubs that produce often scented, double
to fully double flowers, borne singly or in
3s, in summer, on shoots from second-year
wood. Leaves are matt, dark green. Are
suitable for borders.

Damask —open shrubs with prickly stems
and downy leaves. They produce often
very fragrant, semi- to fully double flowers,
borne singly or in loose clusters of 5-7
mainly in summer, on shoots from second-
year wood; a few also flower on new wood
in fall. Are suitable for borders or training
against a support.

Gallica —shrubs of fairly dense, free-
branching habit, with usually thorny
stems, and mostly dull, dark green leaves.
Produce mostly scented, single to fully
double, richly colored flowers, often in
clusters of 3, in summer on shoots from
second-year wood. Are suitable for
borders and as hedging.

Moss —often lax shrubs with a furry,
mosslike growth on stems and calyces.
Leaves are usually dark green. Usually
fragrant, semi- to fully double flowers,
often in clusters of 3 or more, are borne
on very thorny shoots from second-year
wood in summer. Are suitable for beds
and borders.

Scots (or Scotch) —suckering shrubs,
selections or hybrids of R. spinosissima,
of low, spreading, rarely upright habit,
with prickly stems and dark green leaves.
Occasionally scented, single to double

flowers are solitary or borne in clusters
of 3 or more, on short stems from second-
year wood, usually in early summer. Are
suitable for beds and borders.

Sweet Briar —vigorous, free-branching
shrubs with usually thorny stems and
sweetly scented, dark green leaves. In
summer, they bear usually scented, single
to double flowers, singly or in clusters of
up to 7, on short shoots from second-year
wood. Use as hedges, as specimen plants
and in large borders.

Group B

Bourbon —large, open, repeat-flowering
shrubs and climbing roses, often with long,
smooth or prickly stems, which may be
trained to climb. They have often glossy
leaves and numerous scented, double or
fully double flowers, borne commonly in
3s, in flushes in summer and usually fall.
Flowers are borne on short shoots from
second-year wood and on new wood. Are
suitable for borders and for training over
fences, walls and pillars.

Boursault —climbing roses with long,
arching, usually smooth stems and dark
green leaves. They bear slightly scented,
semidouble or double flowers, singly or
in clusters of 3, in early summer, on short
shoots from second-year wood. Are
suitable for sheltered walls and fences.
China —spindly, repeat-flowering shrubs
with mostly smooth stems, bearing only
a few reddish-brown prickles, and glossy
leaves. They produce sometimes scented,
single to fully double flowers, singly or in
clusters of 3-13, in flushes in summer-fall.
Flowers appear on short shoots from
second-year wood and on new wood.

Need a sheltered site. Are suitable for
borders and walls.

Hybrid Musk —vigorous, repeat¬
flowering shrubs with prickly stems and
abundant foliage. They produce mainly
double blooms, often very fragrant, either
singly or in clusters of 2-7 or more, in
flushes from mid-summer to fall. Are good
for shrub borders, and can be trained on
walls.

Hybrid Perpetual —free-branching,
repeat-flowering shrubs with upright,
prickly growth and dark green leaves. They
bear often scented, fully double flowers,
held singly or in 3s, in flushes in summer-
fall on shoots from second-year wood and
on new wood. Are suitable for beds and
borders.

Noisette —repeat-flowering climbing roses
that bear clusters of 3-15 usually double
to fully double flowers, with a slight spicy
fragrance, in flushes in summer-fall.
Flowers are borne on shoots from second-
year wood, occasionally on new wood.
Have generally smooth stems and glossy
leaves. Are suitable for sheltered, south-
or west-facing walls.

Portland (or Damask Portland)—
upright, compact, repeat-flowering shrubs
with thorny stems and usually dark green
leaves. They produce usually scented, semi-
to fully double flowers, held singly or in 3s,
in flushes in summer-fall, mainly on shoots
from second-year wood. Are suitable for
beds and borders.

Sempervirens —vigorous, semievergreen
climbing or rambler roses with shiny, light
green leaves. Arching, thorny stems bear
clusters of 3-15 unscented, semi- to fully
double flowers in summer, on short stems

from second-year wood. Are ideal for
naturalizing or for growing on fences and
pergolas.

Tea —repeat-flowering shrubs and
climbing roses with smooth to thorny
stems, sometimes bearing a few large,
red prickles, and glossy, light or sometimes
dark green leaves. They produce spicy-
scented, slender-stemmed, semi- to fully
double flowers, borne singly or in 3s, in
flushes in summer-fall, on shoots from
second-year wood and on new wood. Need
a sheltered site. Are suitable for beds and
borders and trained against walls.

Modern roses

Climber —often vigorous climbing roses
with thorny, arching, stiff stems and usually
dense, glossy, mid- to dark green foliage.
They bear generally scented flowers in a
variety of forms, singly or in clusters of 3-7
or more. Some bloom in summer only, on
short shoots from second-year wood; many
are repeat-flowering and also flower on
new wood. Train against walls, fences or
use to cover garden structures.

Climbing Miniature —repeat-flowering,
climbing roses with restrained, sparsely
thorny growth. Clusters of 3-9 tiny, rarely
scented, single to fully double flowers are
borne in flushes in summer-fall, on shoots
from second-year wood and on new wood.
Grow against low walls, fences and pillars.
Floribunda (or Cluster-flowered
bush) —repeat-flowering, free-branching
shrubs of upright or bushy habit, usually
with prickly stems and glossy, dark green
leaves. Sometimes scented, single to double
flowers are usually in clusters of 3-25,
rarely solitary, and are borne continuously
in summer-fall on shoots from second-year
wood and on new wood. Are excellent for
borders and as hedges.

Groundcover —trailing and spreading
roses, mostly with prickly stems, producing
often glossy leaves. They bear clusters
of numerous, sometimes scented, single
to fully double flowers; some flower in
summer only, on short shoots from second-
year wood; others are repeat-flowering,
and also flower on new wood. Many bear
flowers all along the stems. Are ideal for
beds, banks and containers, and for trailing
over walls.

Hybrid Tea (or Large-flowered bush)—

repeat-flowering, free-branching shrubs of
upright or bushy habit, with usually thorny
stems and glossy or matt, mid- to dark
green leaves. Large, often scented, usually
double flowers are borne singly or in 3s
in flushes in summer-fall on shoots from
second-year wood and on new wood. Use
in formal borders, as hedges and for cut
flowers.

Miniataure —repeat-flowering shrubs
with very compact, rarely spreading,
sparsely thorny, short growth. Sprays
of 3-11 tiny, rarely scented, single to
fully double flowers are borne in flushes
in summer-fall on very short shoots
from second-year wood and on new
wood. Have tiny leaves. Are suitable
for edging paths and driveways, and for
rock gardens, raised beds and container
growing.

Patio (or Dwarf cluster-flowered
bush) —repeat-flowering shrubs with
compact growth, sometimes prickly stems,
and usually glossy leaves. They bear
clusters of 3-11 usually unscented, single

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

to double flowers in flushes in summer-fall,
on shoots from second-year wood and on
new wood. Are ideal for beds, borders and
as hedges and for growing in containers.
Polyantha —compact, repeat-flowering
shrubs with sparsely thorny stems and
glossy leaves. Sprays of many small, rarely
scented, single to double flowers are borne
in summer-fall on shoots from second-year
wood and on new wood. Are suitable for
beds and borders, as hedges and for
containers.

Rambler —a diverse group of vigorous
roses with long, arching, thorny stems and
dense, usually glossy foliage. They have
clusters of 3-21 sometimes scented, single
to fully double flowers, mainly in summer,
on short shoots from second-year wood
and on new wood. Train over walls, fences,
pergolas and into trees.

Rugosa —hardy shrubs with tough,
wrinkled, usually bright green leaves and
prickly stems. Most bear scented, single or
semidouble flowers, in clusters of 3-11, in
summer-fall, on short shoots from second-
year wood. They are often followed by
tomato-like, usually red hips. Use as
hedges, for beds and borders and as
specimen plants.

Shrub —roses in this diverse group are
usually larger than bush roses (a general
term used to describe Floribundas, Hybrid
Teas, Miniatures, Patio roses and
occasionally Groundcover roses). They
often have thorny stems and bear usually
scented, semidouble to double flowers in
few- to many-flowered clusters, sometimes
singly, in summer-fall. Some bloom in
summer only from second-year wood;
most are repeat-flowerers and also flower
on new wood. Use as hedges, in beds and
borders and as specimen plants.

R. 'Aimee Vibert', syn. R. 'Bouquet de la
Mariee'. Noisette rose with smooth stems.

H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Bears lightly
scented, cupped, fully double, blush-pink to
white flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer-
fall. Leaves are glossy, dark green. May be
grown as a shrub. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. Alan Titchmarsh ('Ausjive'). Bushy
Shrub rose with good disease resistance
and matt foliage. H 572ft (1.6m), S 4ft (1.2m).
Produces sweetly scented, rosette, double,
deep pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
lighter pink outer petals, in summer and
again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. x alba 'Semiplena'. See R. 'Alba
Semiplena'.

R. 'Alba Semiplena', syn. R. x alba
'Semiplena'. Vigorous, bushy Alba rose.

H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Bears sweetly
scented, flat, semidouble, white flowers,

3in (8cm) across, in mid-summer. Leaves
are grayish-green. Is suitable for a hedge.
Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Alberic Barbier', illus. p.184.

R. 'Albertine', illus. p.185.

R. Alec's Red ('Cored'), illus. p.181.

R. Alexander ('Harlex'), syn. R.
'Alexandra', illus. p.180.

R. 'Alexandra'. See R. Alexander
('Harlex').

R. 'Alfred de Dalmas' of gardens. See
R. 'Mousseline'.

R. Alirara ('Chewalibaba'), illus. p.187.
R. Alissar Princess of Phonecia
('Harsidon'), illus. p.174.

R. 'Alister Stella Gray', syn. R. 'Golden
Rambler'. Noisette rose with long.

vigorous, upright stems. H 15ft (5m),

S 10ft (3m). Bears clusters of musk-scented,
quartered, fully double, yolk-yellow
flowers, 272in (6cm) across, in summer-fall.
Has glossy, mid-green leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Aloha', illus. p.185.

R. 'Alpine Sunset'. Compact Hybrid Tea
rose with moderate disease resistance.

H and S 2ft (60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully
double, peach-yellow flowers, 8in (20cm)
across, are produced on short stems in
summer and again in fall. Has large,
semi-glossy leaves. May die back in hard
winters. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Amrer Queen ('Harroony'). Spreading,
cluster-flowered bush rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. H and S 20in (50cm). Amber
flowers are fragrant, rounded and fully
double, 3in (8cm) across. Has abundant,
reddish foliage. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'American Pillar'. Vigorous Rambler
of lax growth. H to 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m).
Large clusters of cupped, single, carmine-
red flowers, with white eyes, are borne
freely in mid-summer. Leathery foliage is
glossy, mid-green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Amruda'. See R. Red Ace.

R. 'Andeli'. See R. Double Delight.

R. Angela Rippon ('Ocaru'). Miniature
rose with good disease resistance. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces slightly
scented, urn-shaped, fully double, salmon-
pink flowers, lV 2 in (4cm) across, in summer
and again in fall. Has many small, dark
green leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Angelita'. See R. Snowball
('Macangeli').

R. Anisley Dickson ('Dickimono'),

syn. R. 'Dicky'. Vigorous Floribunda rose
with good disease resistance. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). Produces large clusters of
slightly scented, pointed, double, salmon-
pink flowers 3in (8cm) across, in summer
and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Anna Ford ('Harpiccolo'), illus. p.180.
R. Anne Harkness ('Harkaramel').
Upright Floribunda rose with good disease
resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm).

Slightly scented, urn-shaped, amber
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
sprays of many blooms in summer and
again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Aphrodite ('Tanetidor'), illus. p.178.

R. 'Apothecary's Rose'. See R. gallica
var. officinalis.

R. 'Arthur Bell', illus. p.182.

R. 'Assemblage des Beautes', syn.

R. 'Rouge Eblouissante'. Upright, dense
Gallica rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). In
summer bears faintly scented, rounded,
fully double, green-eyed, cerise to crimson-
purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across. Has rich
green leaves. Z6-10 H10-1.

R. 'Ausmary'. See R. Mary Rose.

R. 'Ausmas'. SeeR. Graham Thomas.

R. 'Austance'. See R. Constance Spry.

R. 'Baby Carnival'. See R. Baby
Masquerade ('Tanba').

R. Baby Masquerade ('Tanba'), syn.

R. 'Baby Carnival'. Dense Miniature rose
with good disease resistance. H and S 16in
(40cm), more if not pruned. Bears clusters
of rosette, double, yellow-pink flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, in summer and again in fall.
Has plentiful, leathery leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. hanksiae, syn. R. banksiae var.
normalis (Lady Banks' rose). Climbing
Species rose with good disease resistance.

H and S 30ft (10m). Dense clusters of
fragrant, flat, single, white flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, are borne on thornless,
light green stems in a single flush in
summer. Leaves are small and pale green.

Is uncommon in cultivation. Z8-9 H9-8.
'Lutea' has scentless, rosette, fully double,
yellow flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across. Needs a
sunny, sheltered wall and pruning of spent
wood only. var. normalis. See R.
banksiae.

R. 'Beauty of Glazenwood'. See R.

x odorata 'Pseudindica'.

R. 'Belle Courtisanne'. See R. Konigin
von Danemark'.

R. 'Belle de Crecy'. Gallica rose of rather
lax growth, few thorns and moderate
disease resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).

In a single flush in summer produces
rosette, fully double, pink flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, with green eyes and spicy
fragrance. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Belle de Londres'. See R.
'Compassion'.

R. Belmonte ('Harpearl'), illus. p.179.

R. Benjamin Britten ('Ausencart'), illus.
p.175.

R. 'Bizarre Triomphant'. See R. 'Charles
de Mills'.

R. 'Blanche Moreau'. Moss rose of
rather lax growth. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
Fragrant, cupped, fully double, white
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with brownish
"mossing", are borne in summer. Has dull
green leaves. Z8-9 H9-1.

R. 'Blessings'. Upright Hybrid Tea rose
with moderate disease resistance. H 3ft
(lm), S 272ft (75cm). Slightly scented, urn¬
shaped, fully double, salmon-pink flowers
are borne singly or in clusters in summer
and again in fall. Has large, dark leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Blue Moon ('Tannacht'), syn.

R. 'Mainzer Fastnacht', R. 'Sissi'. Hybrid
Tea rose of open habit. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft
(60cm). Sweetly scented, pointed, fully
double, lilac flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
borne in summer-fall. Leaves are large and
dark green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Bluenette'. See R. Blue Peter
('Ruiblun').

R. Blue Peter ('Ruiblun'), syn.

R. 'Bluenette'. Miniature rose of neat habit.
H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Slightly
scented, cupped, double, purple flowers,

2in (5cm) across, are produced in summer-
fall. Leaves are small and plentiful.

R. 'Blue Rambler'. See R. 'Veilchenblau'.
R. 'Blush Noisette'. See R. 'Noisette
Carnee'.

R. 'Blush Rambler'. Vigorous Rambler.

H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Clusters of
delicately fragrant, cupped, semidouble,
light pink flowers, lV 2 in (4cm) across, are
borne in summer. Has an abundance of
glossy leaves. Is a particularly good
scrambler for an arch, pergola or tree.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Bobbie James'. Rampant Rambler.

H to 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Large clusters
of cupped, semidouble, scented, creamy-
white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are
produced in summer. Glossy leaves are
reddish-green when young, mid-green
when mature.

R. 'Bonica '82'. See R. Bonica
('Meidomonac').

R. Bonica ('Meidomonac'), syn.

R. 'Bonica '82'. Vigorous, spreading shrub

ROSA

rose with very good disease resistance and
repeat-flowering in summer-fall. H 3ft (lm),
S 372ft (1.1m). Bears large sprays of slightly
fragrant, cupped, fully double, rose-pink
flowers, 3in (7cm) across. Foliage is glossy
and plentiful. Z4-9 H9-1.

R. 'Boule de Neige'. Upright Bourbon
rose with arching stems and very good
disease resistance. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
Very fragrant, cupped to rosette, fully
double, white flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
sometimes tinged pink, are produced in
summer-fall. Leaves are glossy and dark
green. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Bouquet de la Mariee'. See
R. 'Aimee Vibert'.

R. 'Brass Ring'. See R. Peek-A-Boo
('Dicgrow').

R. Breath of Life ('Harquanne'). Stiff,
upright Climber with moderate disease
resistance. H 9ft (2.8m), S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly
scented, rounded, fully double, pinkish-
apricot flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
borne in summer and again in fall. Leaves
are semi-glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Bridge of Sighs ('Harglow'), illus.
p.187.

R. Bright Smile ('Dicdance'). Bushy
Floribunda rose with good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. H and S 18in (45cm). Bears
clusters of slightly scented, flat,
semidouble, yellow flowers, 3in (8cm)
across. Has glossy, bright green leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Buff Beauty', illus. p.177.

R. Burgundy Ice ('Prose'), illus. p.181.

R. californica. Shrubby Species rose.

H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, flat,
single, lilac-pink flowers, I72in (4cm)
across, are borne freely in mid-summer,
sparsely in fall. Has small dull green leaves.
Z6-9 H9-6. 'Plena'. See R. nutkana 'Plena'.
R. 'Canary Bird'. See R. xanthina 'Canary
Bird'.

R. 'Candide'. See R. Goldstar.

R. 'Capitaine John Ingram'. Vigorous,
bushy Moss rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). In
summer bears fragrant, cupped, fully
double, rich maroon-crimson flowers,

3in (8cm) across; petals are paler on
reverses. Foliage is dark green. Z4-9 H9-1.
R. 'Cardinal de Richelieu', illus. p.175.
R. Cardinal Hume ('Harregale'), illus.
p.175.

R. Cajrris ('Harmanna'), illus. p.180.

R. Casino ('Macca'), syn. R. 'Gerbe d'Or'.
Upright, free-branching Climber with
moderate disease resistance. H 10ft (3m),

S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly scented, rounded,
double, yellow flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
are borne in summer and again in fall.
Sparse, dark green leaves are produced on
stiffly arching stems. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Cecile Brunner', illus. p.186.

R. 'Celeste', syn. R. 'Celestial', illus. p.173.
R. 'Celestial'. See R. 'Celeste'.

R. x centifolia (Cabbage rose, Provence
rose). 'Cristata', syn. R. 'Chapeau de
Napoleon', R. 'Cristata' (Crested moss)
Bushy, lanky Centifolia rose. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 4ft (1.2m). In summer, very fragrant,
cupped, fully double, pink flowers, 372in
(9cm) across, with tufted sepals, are borne
on nodding stems amid dull green foliage.
May be grown on a support. 'Muscova'
(Common moss. Old pink moss) is a
vigorous, lax Moss rose with dense moss
on stems and calyces. Bears rounded to

683

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

ROSA

cupped, mossed, pink flowers, 8cm (3in)
across. Leaves are matt, dull green.

R. 'Cerise Bouquet'. Very vigorous
Shrub rose of arching habit. H and S to
lift (3.5m). Produces masses of flat,
semidouble, cherry-red flowers, 2 V 2 in
(6cm) across, in summer. Leaves are small
and grayish-green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Champagne Cocktail ('Horflash').
Upright Floribunda rose with very good
disease resistance. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Fragrant, cupped, double, yellow-pink
flowers, 372in (9cm) across, opening wide
are borne in summer and again in fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Champagne Moments ('Korvanaber'),

Ulus, p.177.

R. Chandos Beauty ('Harmisty'), iUus.
p.178.

R. 'Chapeau de Napoleon'. See R. x

centifolia 'Cristata'.

R. 'Chaplin's Pink Companion', illus.
p.185.

R. Charles Darwin ('Auspeet'). Bushy
shrub rose with very good disease
resistance and glossy, light green foliage.

H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Quartered-rosette,
fufly double, golden-yeUow flowers, 4in
(10cm) across, with occasional pink flush
on outer petals, are borne in summer and
again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Charles de Mills', syn. R. 'Bizarre
Triomphant'. Upright, arching Gallica rose
with fairly smooth stems. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft
(lm). Very fragrant, quartered-rosette, fufly
double, crimson-purple flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, are borne in summer. Leaves are
plentiful and mid-green. May be grown on
a support. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Chewarvel'. See R. Laura Ford.

R. chinensis var. minima. See

R. 'Rouletii'. 'Mutabilis'. See R. x odorata

'Mutabilis'.

R. City of London ('Harukfore').

Rounded Floribunda rose. H 3ft (lm),

S 272ft (75cm). In summer-fall bears dainty
sprays of sweet-smelling, urn-shaped,
double, blush-pink flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, amid bright green foliage. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Climbing Lady Hillingdon'. Stiff
climbing Tea rose. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
Has dark green leaves on reddish-green
stems. Bears spice-scented, pointed,
double, apricot-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, in summer-fall. Is best in a
sheltered site. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Climbing Mrs. Sam McGredy'.
Vigorous, stiff, branching Climber. H and
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are glossy, rich reddish-
green. Bears faintly fragrant, large, urn¬
shaped, fully double, coppery salmon-pink
flowers, 472in (11cm) across, in summer
and again, sparsely, in fall. Z4-9 H9-4.

R. Colibre '79 ('Meidanover'). Upright,
rather open Miniature rose with good
disease resistance. H 15in (38cm), S lOin
(25cm). Urn-shaped, double, red-veined,
orange flowers, UAin (4cm) across, are
borne in summer and again in fall. Z5-9
H9-5.

684

R. 'Commandant Beaurepaire', syn.

R. 'Panachee d'Angers'. Vigorous,
spreading Bourbon rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Fragrant, cupped, double, blush-pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, splashed with
mauve, purple, crimson and scarlet, are
borne in summer-fall. Light green leaflets
have wavy margins. Z6-9 H9-1.

R. 'Compassion', syn. R. 'Belle de
Londres', illus. p.185.

R. 'Complicata', illus. p.174.

R. 'Comte de Chambord' of gardens.

See R. 'Madame Knorr'.

R. Congratulations ('Korlift'), syn.

R. 'Sylvia'. Upright, vigorous Hybrid Tea
rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Produces
neat, urn-shaped, fufly double, deep rose-
pink flowers, 472in (11cm) across, on long
stems in summer-fall. Leaves are large
and dark green. Makes a tall hedge. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Conrad Ferdinand Meyer'.

Vigorous, arching shrub rose with good
disease resistance. H 8ft (2.5m), S 4ft
(1.2m). Cupped, fully double, pink flowers,
3in (7cm) across, are richly fragrant and
borne freely in a single flush in summer.
Foliage is leathery and prone to rust. Z4-9
H9-1.

R. Constance Spry ('Austance'), illus.
p.174.

R. Crazy for You ('Wekroalt'), illus.
p.179.

R. 'Cristata'. See R. x centifolia 'Cristata'.

R. 'Cuisse de Nymphe'. See R. 'Great
Maiden's Blush'.

R. Dancing Queen ('Fryfestoon'), illus.

p.186.

R. 'Danse du Feu', syn. R. 'Spectacular'.
Vigorous, stiffly branched Climber with
moderate disease resistance. H and S 8ft
(2.5m). Slightly scented, rounded, double,
scarlet flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne
in summer and again in fall. Has abundant,
glossy foliage. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Darcey Bussell ('Ausdecorum').
Compact Shrub rose with good disease
resistance and matt, mid-green leaves.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Fragrant,
quartered-rosette, fufly double, crimson
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, aging to purple
shades, are produced in summer and again
in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Darling Flame ('Meilucca'). Well-
branched Miniature rose. H 16in (40cm),

S 12in (30cm). Leaves are glossy and dark
green. Urn-shaped, double, orange-red
flowers, UAin (4cm) across, are borne
freely in summer-fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Dicdance'. See R. Bright Smile.

R. 'Dicdivine'. See R. Pot O' Gold.

R. 'Dicgrow'. See R. Peek-A-Boo.

R. 'Dicjana'. See R. Elina.

R. 'Dicjem'. See R. Freedom.

R. 'DicjubeU'. See R. Lovely Lady.

R. 'Dickimono'. See R. Anisley Dickson.

R. 'Dicky'. See R. Anisley Dickson
('Dickimono').

R. 'Diclulu'. See R. Gentle Touch.

R. 'Dicmagic'. See R. Sweet Magic.

R. 'Doris Tysterman'. Vigorous, upright
Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 272ft (75cm).
Slightly scented, pointed, fully double,
orange-red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
borne in summer and again in fall. Leaves
are large, glossy and dark green. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Dortmund', illus. p.186.

R. Dourle Delight ('Andeli'), illus.

p.180.

R. 'Double Velvet'. See R. 'Tuscany
Superb'.

R. 'Doux Parfum'. See R. L'aimant
('Harzola').

R. Drummer Boy ('Harvacity'). Dwarf
Floribunda rose of bushy, spreading habit.

H and S 20in (50cm). In summer-fall bears
faintly scented, cupped, double, bright
crimson flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in dense
sprays. Has abundant, small, dark green
leaves. Makes a good, low hedge.
jR. Dublin Bay ('Macdub'), illus. p.186.

B. 'Duchesse d'Istrie'. See R. 'William
Lobb'.

R. 'Duftzauber '84'. See R. Royal William
('Korzaun').

jR. 'Du Maitre d'Ecole'. Bushy,
spreading Gallica rose. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm). Bears fragrant, quartered-
rosette, fully double, carmine to light pink
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer.
Foliage is dull green.

R. 'Dupontii', syn. R. moschata var. nivea,
illus. p.173.

R. 'Easlea's Golden Rambler'.

Vigorous, arching Rambler. H 15ft (5m),

S 10ft (3m). Scented, cupped, fully double,
yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across and
flecked with red, are produced, usually
in clusters, in summer. Has plentiful,
leathery foliage.

R. 'Easter Morn'. See R. 'Easter Morning'.
R. 'Easter Morning', syn. R. 'Easter
Morn'. Upright Miniature rose. H 16in
(40cm), S lOin (25cm). In summer-fall,
faintly fragrant, urn-shaped, fully double,
ivory-white flowers, lVfln (3cm) across,
are borne freely amid glossy, dark green
leaves.

R. Easy does it ('Harpagent'), illus. p.183.
R. Easy Going ('Harglow'), illus. p.182.

R. ecae. Erect, wiry Species rose with
very good disease resistance. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 4ft (1.2m). Cupped, single, bright yellow
flowers, Vfln (2cm) across, with light musky
scent, are borne close to reddish stems in
a single flush in summer. Foliage is fernlike.
Needs shelter. Z7-9 H9-7.
jR. eglanteria. See R. rubiginosa.

R. Elina ('Dicjana'), syn. R. 'Peaudouce'.
Vigorous, shrubby Hybrid Tea rose. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 272ft (75cm). Lightly scented,
rounded, fully double, ivory-white flowers,
6in (15cm) across, with lemon-yellow
centers, are borne freely in summer-fall.
Has abundant, reddish foliage. Z4-11
H12-1.

R. 'Elizabeth Harkness'. Neat, upright
Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 32in (80cm), S 24in (60cm).
Fragrant, pointed, fully double, buff-tinted,
pale creamy-pink flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, are borne in summer and again
in fall. Has abundant, dark green foliage.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Emily Gray', illus. p.187.

R. 'Empereur du Maroc'. Compact,
shrubby Hybrid Perpetual rose with good
disease resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).
Fragrant, quartered-rosette, fufly double,
rich purplish-crimson flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, are borne freely in a single flush
in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Escapade ('Harpade'). Dense
Floribunda rose with good disease
resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).
Fragrant, cupped, semidouble, rose-violet
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with white eyes,
are borne in sprays in summer and again
in fall. Foliage is light green and glossy.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Evelyn ('Aussaucer'), illus. p.177.

R. 'Fantin-Latour', illus. p.173.

R. Fascination ('Poulmax'), syn. R.
'Fredensborg'. Vigorous Floribunda rose.

H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall
bears fragrant, rounded, double, shrimp-
pink flowers amid dark green, glossy
foliage. Is good for a bed or hedge.

Z4-11 H12-1.

R. 'Felicia', illus. p.173.

R. 'Felicite Parmentier'. Vigorous,
compact, upright Alba rose. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm). Fragrant, cupped to flat, fully
double, pale flesh-pink flowers, 272in (6cm)
across, are borne in mid-summer. Has
abundant, grayish-green leaves. Makes
a good hedge. Z3-9 H9-3.

R. 'Felicite Perpetue', illus. p.184.

R. Felicity Kendal ('Lanken'). Sturdy,
well-branched Hybrid Tea rose. H 372ft
(1.1m), S 272ft (75cm). Lightly fragrant,
rounded, fully double, bright red flowers,
472in (11cm) across, are produced among a
mass of dark green foliage in summer-fall.
R. 'Fellemberg', syn. R. 'Fellenberg'.
Vigorous, shrubby Noisette rose. H 8ft
(2.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are purplish-
green. Clusters of faintly scented, rounded
to cupped, fully double flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, in shades of light crimson, are
borne in summer-fall. Prune to grow as
a bedding rose or support as a climber.

R. 'Fellenberg'. See R. 'Fellemberg'.

R. Fellowship ('Harwelcome'), illus.
p.183.

R. filipes 'Kiftsgate', illus. p.184.

R. 'Fire Princess'. Upright Miniature
rose with good disease rsistance. H 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears sprays of
rosette, fully double, scarlet flowers,

UAin (4cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. Has small, glossy leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. Flower Carpet ('Noatraum'), illus.
p.179.

R. foetida 'Persiana', syn. R. 'Persian
Yellow'. Upright, arching Species rose
with moderate disease resistance. H and
S 5ft (1.5m). Cupped, double, yellow
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, are produced in
a single flush in summer. Glossy leaves are
prone to blackspot. Prune spent branches
only. Shelter from cold winds. Z3-9 H9-1.
R. 'Fortune's Double Yellow'. See
R. x odorata 'Pseudindica'.

R. Fragrant Cloud ('Tanellis'). Bushy,
dense Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Very fragrant, rounded,
double, dusky-scarlet flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, are borne freely in summer-fall.

Has plentiful, dark green foliage. Z4-11
H12-1.

R. 'Fragrant Delight'. Bushy Floribunda
rose of uneven habit. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft
(75cm). Clusters of fragrant, urn-shaped,
double, salmon-pink flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, are borne freely in summer-fall
amid abundant, reddish-green foliage.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Francois JuranviUe'. Vigorous,
arching Rambler. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m).
Bears clusters of apple-scented, rosette,
fully double, rosy-salmon-pink flowers,

3in (8cm) across, in summer. Produces a
mass of glossy leaves. Is prone to mildew
in a dry site. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Fredensborg'. See R. Fascination
('Poulmax').

R. Freedom ('Dicjem'), illus. p.182.

R. 'Friesia'. See R. 'Korresia'.

R. 'Fruhlingsmorgen', syn. R. 'Spring
Morning'. Open, free-branching Shrub
rose. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Foliage is
grayish-green. In late spring, hay-scented.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

cupped, single, pink flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, with primrose center and reddish
stamens, are produced. Z4-9 H9-4.

R. 'Fryminicot'. See R. Sweet Dream.

R. gallica var. officinalis , syn. R.
'Apothecary's Rose', R. officinalis
(Apothecary's rose. Crimson damask rose,
Provins rose. Red rose of Lancaster). Bushy
Species rose of neat habit. H to 32in (80cm),
S 36in (lm). In summer bears flat,
semidouble, pinkish-red flowers, 3in (8cm)
across, with moderate scent. Z3-9 H9-1.
'Versicolor', illus. p.174.

R. Gardeners Glory ('Chewability'),
illus. p.187.

R. 'Gaumo'. See R. Rose Gaujard.

R. Gentle Touch ('Diclulu'). Upright,
dwarf Floribunda rose. H 20in (50cm),

S 12in (30cm). Bears sprays of faintly
scented, urn-shaped, semidouble, pale
salmon-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in
summer-fall. Leaves are small and dark
green. Is good as a low hedge. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. Geoff Hamilton ('Ausham'). Bushy
Shrub rose with good disease resistance
and most flowers produced near top of
bush. H 5Vzft (1.6m), S 3ft (lm). Rounded
buds open to sweetly scented, quartered-
rosette, double, light rose-pink flowers,

4in (10cm) across, intensifying to rose-pink
in centers, in summer and again in fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. George Best ('Dichimanher'), illus.

p.181.

R. 'Geranium'. See R. moyesii
'Geranium'.

R. 'Gerbe d'Or'. See R. Casino ('Macca').

R. Gertrude Jekyll ('Ausbord'), illus.
p.175.

R. 'Gioia'. See R. Peace ('Madame A.
Meilland').

R. 'Gipsy Boy'. See R. 'Zigeunerknabe'.

R. Glamis Castle ('Ausievei'). Compact
Shrub rose with good disease resistance
and glossy, mid-green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 4ft (1.2m). Produces fragrant, quartered-
rosette, fully double, cream-centered, white
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer and
again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. glauca , syn. R. rubrifolia, illus. p.176.
Vigorous, arching Species rose with very
good disease resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft
(1.5m). Rat, single, pale-centered, cerise-
pink flowers, lV 2 in (4cm) across, with gold
stamens, in a single flush in summer, are
followed by red hips in fall. Has grayish-
purple leaves and red stems. Z2-8 H8-1.

R. 'Glenfiddich'. Upright Floribunda
rose with moderate disease resistance.

H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm). Fragrant,
urn-shaped, double, amber-yellow flowers,
4in (10cm) across, are borne singly or in
clusters in summer and again in fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Gloire de Dijon', illus. p.184.

R. 'Gloire des Mousseux'. Vigorous,
bushy Moss rose. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm).
Has plentiful, light green foliage. In
summer bears fragrant, cupped, fully
double flowers, 6in (15cm) across. These
are bright pink, paling to blush-pink, with
light green "mossing". Z5-9 H9-1.

R. 'Gloria Dei'. See R. Peace ('Madame
A. Meilland').

R. Golden Beauty ('Korberbeni'), illus.

p.182.

R. Golden Celerration ('Ausgold').

Bushy Shrub rose with good disease
resistance and glossy, mid-green leaves.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). In summer and
again in fall, abundant, plump, rounded
buds open to slightly scented, rosette, fully
double, golden-yellow flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, taking on pink hues as they age.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Golden Memories ('Korhoiesea'),

illus. p.182.

R. Golden Penny ('Bugul'), syn. R.
'Guletta', R. 'Tapis Jaune'. Compact, dense
Patio rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm).
Cupped to flat, double, yellow flowers,

2in (5cm) across, are borne in summer
and again in fall. Has rich green leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Golden Rambler'. See R. 'Alister
Stella Gray'.

R. 'Golden Showers'. Stiff, upright
Climber with moderate disease resistance.
H 6ft (2m), S 7ft (2.2m) or more. In summer
and again in fall produces many slightly
scented, pointed, double, yellow flowers,
4in (10cm) across, that open flat. May be
pruned to grow as a shrub. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Golden Sunblaze'. See R. 'Rise 'n'
Shine'.

R. 'Golden Wings'. Bushy, spreading
Shrub rose. H 372ft (1.1m), S 4V 2 ft (1.35m).
Bears fragrant, cupped, single, pale yellow
flowers, 5in (12cm) across, amid light green
foliage, in summer-fall. Is good for a hedge.
Z4-9H9-1.

R. 'Goldfinch'. Vigorous, arching
Rambler. H 9ft (2.7m), S 6ft (2m). In summer
produces lightly scented, rosette, double,
yolk-yellow flowers, Wzm (4cm) across,
that fade to white. Has plentiful, bright
light green leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Gold of Ophir'. See R. x odorata
'Pseudindica'.

R. 'Goldsmith'. See R. Simba ('Korbelma').
R. Goldstar ('Candide'). Neat, upright
Hybrid Tea rose. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Amid glossy, dark green leaves, lightly
scented, urn-shaped, fully double, yellow
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
summer-fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Gordon's College ('Cocjabby'), illus.
p.179.

R. Graham Thomas ('Ausmas'), illus.
p.176.

R. 'Grandpa Dickson', syn. R. 'Irish
Gold'. Neat, upright Hybrid Tea rose with
moderate disease resistance. H 32in (80cm),
S 24in (60cm). Bears many pointed, fully
double, light yellow flowers, 7in (18cm)
across, in summer and again in fall. Has
sparse, glossy, pale green leaves. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Great Maiden's Blush', syn.

R. 'Cuisse de Nymphe', R. 'La Seduisante',
illus. p.173.

R. Grouse ('Korimro'). Trailing
Groundcover rose with good disease
resistance. H 172ft (45cm), S 10ft (3m).
Slightly fragrant, flat, single, blush-pink
flowers, 172in (4cm) across, are borne close
to stems in a single flush in summer. Has
abundant, glossy foliage. Z5-9 H9-6.

R. 'Guinee', illus. p.186.

R. 'Guletta'. See R. Golden Penny ('Rugul').
R. Guy Savoy ('Delstrimen'), illus. p.181.
R. Guy's Gold ('Harmatch'), illus. p.182.
R. Handel ('Macha'). Stiff, upright
Climber with moderate disease resistance.
H 10ft (3m), S 7ft (2.2m). Slightly scented,
urn-shaped, double, cream flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, edged with pinkish-red, are

borne in clusters in summer and again in
fall. Has glossy, dark green leaves. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. Hannah Gordon ('Korweiso'). Bushy,
open Floribunda rose. H 30in (75cm),

S 2ft (60cm). Sprays of slightly fragrant,
cupped, double, blush-pink flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, margined with reddish-pink,
are produced in summer-fall. Leaves are
dark green. Z4-11 H12-1.

R. 'Harbabble'. See R. Sunset Boulevard.
R. 'Hardinkum'. See R. Princess Of
Wales.

R. 'Hardwell'. See R. Penny Lane.

R. 'Harkaramel'. See R. Anne Harkness.
R. 'Harkuly'. See R. Margaret Merril.

R. 'Harlex'. See R. Alexander.

R. 'Harmantelle'. See R. Mountabatten.

R. 'Harpade'. See R. Escapade.

R. 'Harpiccolo'. See R. Anna Ford.

R. 'Harquanne'. See R. Breath Of Life.

R. 'Harqueterwife'. See R. Paul Shirville.
R. 'Harregale'. See R. Cardinal Hume.

R. 'Harroony'. See R. Amber Queen.

R. 'Harrowbond'. See R. Rosemary
Harkness.

R. 'Harsherry'. See R. Sheila's Perfume.

R. 'Harukfore'. See R. City Of London.

R. 'Harvacity'. See R. Drummer Boy.

R. 'Harwanna'. See R. Jacqueline Du Pre.
R. 'Harwanted'. See R. Many Happy
Returns.

R. 'Haryup'. See R. High Hopes.

R. 'Harzola'. See R. L'Aimant.

R. 'Heartthrob'. See R. Paul Shirville
('Harqueterwife').

R. 'Heideroslein'. See R. 'Nozomi'.

R. 'Henri Martin', illus. p.175.

R. Hertfordshire ('Kortenay'). Free-
flowering Groundcover rose of compact,
uneven, spiky habit. H 18in (45cm),

S 3ft (lm). Has dense, bright green leaves
and flat, single, carmine-pink flowers,
l 3 /4in (4.5cm) across, with paler pink
centers, in large clusters on short stems,
in summer-fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. High Hopes ('Haryup'), illus. p.185.

R. 'Honorine de Brabant'. Vigorous,
bushy, sprawling Bourbon rose. H and
S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, quartered, double
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, lilac-pink,
marked with light purple and crimson, are
produced in summer-fall. Has plentiful,
light green foliage. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Horflash'. See R. Champagne Cocktail.
R. Hot Cocoa ('Wekpaltlez'). Upright
Floribunda rose with good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. H 3ft (lm), S 32in (80cm).
Produces semi-glossy, dark green leaves
and cupped, double flowers, 3in (7cm)
across, in burnt-orange, tending towards
brown, lighter in centers with hint of
tangerine. H5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Hula Girl'. Wide, bushy Miniature
rose with moderate disease resistance.

H 18in (45cm), S 16in (40cm). Urn-shaped,
fully double, salmon-orange flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, are produced freely in
summer and again in fall. Has glossy, dark
green leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Iceberg ('Korbin'), syn.

R. 'Schneewittchen', illus. p.177.

R. 'Iced Ginger'. Upright Floribunda
rose with moderate disease resistance.

H 36in (90cm), S 28in (70cm). Pointed, fully
double, buff to copper-pink flowers, 472in
(11cm) across, are borne singly or in
clusters in summer and again in fall. Has

ROSA

sparse, reddish-green foliage. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Ingrid Bergman ('Poulman'). Upright,
branching Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm),

S 24in (60cm). Bears slightly scented, urn¬
shaped, double, dark red flowers, 472in
(11cm) across, in summer-fall. Has leathery,
semi-glossy, dark green foliage. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. 'Interall'. See R. Rosy Cushion.

R. Invincible ('Bunatru'). Upright
Floribunda rose. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Faintly scented, cupped, fully double,
bright crimson flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
are produced in open clusters in summer-
fall. Leaves are semi-glossy.

R. 'Irish Gold'. See R. 'Grandpa Dickson'.
R. Isn't She Lovely ('Diciluvit'), illus.
p.177.

R. 'Ispahan', syn. R. 'Pompon des
Princes', R. 'Rose d'lsfahan'. Vigorous,
bushy, dense Damask rose. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 4ft (1.2m). Produces fragrant, cupped,
double, clear pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
amid grayish-green foliage in summer-fall.
Z4-9 H9-1.

R. Jacqueline du Pre ('Harwanna'),

Ulus, p.172.

R. Joie de Vivre ('Korfloci 01'), Ulus.
p.179.

R. Julia Child ('Wekvossutono'), Ulus.

p.182.

R. 'Julia's Rose'. Spindly, branching
Hybrid Tea rose. H 30in (75cm), S 18in
(45cm). In summer-faU produces faintly
scented, urn-shaped, double, brownish-
pink to buff flowers, 4in (10cm) across.
FoUage is reddish-green. Is good for cut
Uowers. Z5-9 H9-1.

R. 'Just Joey', iUus. p.183.

R. 'Kathleen Harrop'. Arching, lax
Bourbon rose. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m).
Fragrant, double, cupped, pale pink
Uowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
summer-faU. Plentiful, dark green foUage
is susceptible to mUdew. May be grown as
a climber or hedge. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. Keepsake ('Kormalda'). Neat, bushy
Hybrid Tea rose with good disease
resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24m (60cm).
Scented, rounded, fuUy double, pink
Uowers, 5in (12cm) across, are freely
produced in summer and again in faU.
FoUage is plentiful and glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. Kent ('Poulcov'), Ulus, p.177.

R. 'Konigin von Danemark', syn.

R. 'BeUe Courtisanne'. Vigorous, rather
open Alba rose with good disease
resistance. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m).
Scented, quartered-rosette, fiUly double,
warm-pink Uowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
green button eyes, are produced in a single
Uush in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Korbelma'. See R. Simba.

R. 'Korbin'. See R. Iceberg.

R. 'Korblue'. See R. Shocking Blue.

R. 'Korgund'. See R. Loving Memory.

R. 'Korimro'. See R. Grouse.

R. 'Korlift'. See R. Congratulations.

R. 'Kormalda'. See R. Keepsake.

R. 'Korpeahn'. See R. The Times Rose.

R. 'Korresia', syn. R. 'Friesia'. Bushy,
upright Floribunda rose with moderate
disease resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
(60cm). Bears open sprays of strongly
scented, urn-shaped, double Uowers, 3in
(8cm) across, with wavy, yeUow petals, in
summer and again in faU. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Kortenay'. See R. Hertfortdshire.

R. 'Korweiso'. See R. Hannah Gordon.

R. 'Korzaun'. See R. Royal William.

685

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

ROSA

686

R. L'Aimant ('Harzola'), syn. R. 'Doux
Parfum'. Vigorous Floribunda rose.

H 3ft (lm), S 2V2ft (75cm). Strongly fragrant,
cupped, fully double, pink blooms, 3V2in
(9cm) across, are produced in summer-fall
on dark-foliaged plants. Is good as a
bedding plant or as cut flowers.

R. 'Lady Waterlow'. Stiff Climbing
Hybrid Tea rose. H 12ft (4m), S 6ft (2m).
Bears scented, pointed to cupped, double,
light pink shaded, salmon flowers, 5in
(12cm) across, mainly in summer, but some
may also appear in fall. Leaves are mid¬
green.

R. Lancashire ('Korstesgli'), illus. p.181.
R. 'Lanken'. See R. Felicity Kendal.

R. ' La Seduisante'. See R. 'Great
Maiden's Blush'.

R. La Sevillana ('Meigekanu'). Dense,
bushy Groundcover rose. H 272ft (75cm),

S 3ft (lm). Clusters of faintly scented,
cupped, double, bright red flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, are borne freely in summer-
fall. Produces masses of dark green leaves.
Is suitable for growing as a hedge or
groundcover. Z6-9 H9-5.
jR. Laura Ford ('Chewarvel'), illus.
p.187.

R. L.D. Braithwaite ('Auscrim'). Lax,
open Shrub rose with moderate disease
resistance and dull, mid-green leaves.

H 6ft (1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Scented,
quartered-rosette, fully double, deep
crimson flowers, 5in (12cm) across, fading
to lighter crimson, are produced sparingly
in summer and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Leggab'. See R. Pearl Drift.

R. 'Legnews'. See R. News.

R. 'Lenip'. See R. Pascali.
jR. Light Fantastic ('Dicgottago').
Compact, bushy Floribunda rose with good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. H and S 272ft (75cm).
Produces clusters of up to 9 rosette, double,
lemon-yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across.

Has glossy, light green leaves.

R. Little Rambler ('Chewramb').
Climber with very good disease resistance
and repeat-flowering in summer-fall. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces small, glossy,
light green leaves and tight clusters of
moderately scented, cupped, semidouble,
rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) across, fading
to pale pink with lilac hue.

R. 'Louise Odier', syn. R. 'Madame de
Stella'. Upright Bourbon rose. H 6ft (2m),

S 4ft (1.2m). Has light grayish-green foliage
and fragrant, cupped, fully double, warm
rose-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, borne
in summer-fall. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. Lovely Lady ('Dicjubell'). Dense,
rounded Hybrid Tea rose with moderate
disease resistance. H 32in (80cm),

S 28in (70cm). Slightly scented, pointed,
fully double, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, are produced freely in summer
and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Loving Memory ('Korgund'), illus.

p.181.

R. Lucky! ('Frylucy'). Upright Floribunda
rose with very good disease resistance and
repeat-flowering in summer-fall. H 3ft (lm),
S 272ft (75cm). Cupped, double flowers,

3in (7cm) across, deep rose-pink in bud,
open lighter. Has matt dark green leaves.

R. 'Macangeli'. See R. Snowball.

R. 'Macar'. See R. Piccadilly.

R. 'Macca'. See R. Casino.

R. 'Maccarpe'. See R. Snow Carpet.

R. 'Macdub'. See R. Dublin Bay.

R. 'Macha'. SeeR. Handel.

R. 'Macmi'. See R. Mischief.

R. 'Macrexy'. See R. Sexy Rexy.

R. macrophylla. Vigorous Species rose.

H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Bears moderately
fragrant, flat, single, red flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, in summer, followed by flask¬
shaped, red hips. Has red stems and large,
mid-green leaves. Z5-9 H9-1.

R. 'Mactru'. See R. Trumpeter

R. 'Madame Alfred Carriere', illus.

p.184.

R. 'Madame A. Meilland'. See R. Peace.
R. 'Madame de Stella'. See R. 'Louise
Odier'.

R. 'Madame Ernest Calvat'. Vigorous,
arching Bourbon rose. H 6-1 Oft (2-3m),

S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped to quartered-
rosette, fully double, rose-pink flowers,

6in (15cm) across, are borne freely in
summer-fall. Has plentiful, large leaves.
Z6-9 H9-1.

R. 'Madame Gregoire Staechelin', syn.
R. 'Spanish Beauty', illus. p.185.

R. 'Madame Hardy', illus. p.172.

R. 'Madame Hebert'. See R. 'President
de Seze'.

R. 'Madame Isaac Pereire', illus. p.174.
R. 'Madame Knorr', syn. R. 'Comte de
Chambord'. Vigorous, erect Portland rose.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). In summer-fall,
fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully double,
lilac-tinted, pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
are produced amid plentiful, light green
foliage. Is suitable for a hedge. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. 'Madame Pierre Oger'. Lax Bourbon
rose. H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m). In summer-
fall, slender stems bear sweetly scented,
cupped or bowl-shaped, double, pink
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with rose-lilac
tints. Has light green leaves. Grows well
on a pillar. Z6-9.

R. Maid of Honour ('Jacwhink'), illus.
p.178.

R. 'Maigold', illus. p.187.

R. 'Mainzer Fastnacht'. See R. Blue
Moon ('Tannacht').

R. Many Happy Returns ('Harwanted'),

illus. p.178.

R. 'Marechal Davoust'. Vigorous, bushy
Moss rose. H 5ft (1.5m), S 4ft (1.2m). In
summer bears moderately fragrant,
cupped, fully double, deep reddish-pink to
purple flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
green eye and brownish "mossing". Leaves
are dull green and lance-shaped. Z5-9
H9-1.

R. 'Marechal Mel'. Vigorous, spreading
Noisette or climbing Hybrid Tea rose.

H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Drooping stems bear
rich green foliage and moderately scented,
pointed, fully double, clear yellow flowers,
4in (10cm) across, in summer-fall. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. Margaret Merril ('Harkuly'), illus.
p.177.

R. 'Marguerite Hilling', syn. R. 'Pink
Nevada', illus. p.173.

R. Mary Rose ('Ausmary'). Bushy,
spreading Shrub rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m).
Produces moderately fragrant, cupped,
fully double, rose-pink flowers, 372in (9cm)
across, in summer-fall. Has plentiful leaves.
Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Meidanover'. See R. Colibre '79.

R. 'Meidomonac'. See R. Bonica.

R. 'Meigekanu'. See R. La Sevillana.

R. 'Meijikitar'. See R. Orange Sunblaze.

jR. 'Meilucca'. See R. Darling Flame.

R. Meredith ('Wekmeredoc'), illus.
p.179.

R. 'Mermaid', illus. p.187.

R. 'Mignon'. See R. 'Cecile Brunner'.

R. Mischief ('Macmi'). Upright Hybrid
Tea rose. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Moderately fragrant, urn-shaped, double,
salmon-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are
borne freely in summer-fall. Leaves are
plentiful but prone to rust. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Molineux ('Ausmol'). Compact Shrub
rose with very good disease resistance and
shiny, mid-green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 4ft (1.2m). Slightly scented, rosette,
canary-yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with slightly paler outer petals, are
produced in summer and again in fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Morning Jewel'. Free-branching
Climber. H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). Has
plentiful, glossy foliage and cupped,
double, bright pink flowers, 372in (9cm)
across, freely borne, usually in clusters,
in summer-fall. May be pruned to a shrub.
Z5-9H9-1.

R. 'Morsherry'. See R. Sheri Anne.

R. moschata var. nivea. See R. 'Dupontii'.
jR. Mountbatten ('Harmantelle'), illus.

p.182.

R. 'Mousseline', syn. R. 'Alfred de
Dalmas'. Bushy Moss rose with twiggy
growth. H and S 3ft (lm). Mainly in summer
bears scented, cupped, fully double, blush-
pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with little
"mossing". Has matt green leaves. Z6-9
H9-1.

jR. moyesii. Vigorous, arching Species
rose. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). In summer,
faintly scented, flat, single, dusky-scarlet
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with yellow
stamens, are borne close to branches.
Produces long, red hips in fall. Sparse,
small, dark green leaves are divided into
7-13 leaflets. Z4-9 H9-3. 'Geranium', syn.
R. 'Geranium' (illus. p.176), H 10ft (3m),

S 8ft (2.5m), has large, red hips. Z6-9 H9-1.
R. 'Mrs. John Laing', illus. p.174.

R. multibracteata, illus. p.176. Rounded,
bushy Species rose with good disease
resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Thin
stems have abundant, small, gray-green
leaves. Slightly scented, flat, single, pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with hint of lilac,
and many bracts on stem behind each
flower, are borne in a single flush in
summer and are followed by small,
rounded hips in fall-winter. Z7-9 H9-7.
jR. 'National Trust'. Compact Hybrid
Tea rose. H 30in (75cm), S 24in (60cm).
Slightly scented, urn-shaped, fully double,
scarlet-crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
are borne freely in summer-fall. Produces
plentiful, dark green foliage. Makes a good,
low hedge. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Nevada', illus. p.173.

R. 'New Dawn', illus. p.185.

R. News ('Legnews'). Upright Floribunda
rose. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has dark
green leaves and, in summer-fall, clusters
of slightly fragrant, cupped, wide-opening,
double, bright reddish-purple flowers, 3in
(8cm) across. Z5-9 H9-5.
jR. 'Niphetos'. Branching, climbing
Hybrid Tea rose. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).
Long, pointed buds, on nodding stems,
open to rounded, double, white flowers,

5in (12cm) across, mainly in summer, a
few later. Pale green leaves are pointed.

R. 'Noisette Carnee', syn. R. Blush
Noisette'. Noisette rose of branching habit
and lax growth. H 6-12ft (2-4m), S 6-8ft
(2-2.5m). In summer-fall, smooth stems
bear clusters of spice-scented, cupped,
double, blush-pink flowers, lV 2 in (4cm)
across. Has matt foliage. May be grown
as a shrub. Z6-9.

R. Nostalgia ('Taneiglat'), illus. p.179.

R. 'Nozomi', syn. R. 'Heideroslein'.
Creeping, Groundcover rose with good
disease resistance. H 172ft (45cm),

S 4ft (1.2m). Bears slightly scented, flat,
single, blush-pink and white flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, close to stems in a single
flush in summer. Has small, dark green
leaves. Is suitable for a container. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Nuits de Young', syn. R. 'Old Black'.
Erect Moss rose with wiry stems. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 3ft (lm). In summer has slightly
scented, double, flat, dark maroon-purple
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with brownish
"mossing". Leaves are small and dark
green. Z4-9 H9-1.

R. nutkana 'Plena', syn. R. californica
'Plena'. Robust Species rose. H to 10ft (3m),
S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped, semidouble,
pink flowers, UMn (4cm) across, are borne
singly in summer. Has toothed, mid-green
leaves. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Ocaru'. See R. Angela Rippon.

R. x odorata 'Mutabilis', syn.

R. chinensis 'Mutabilis' illus. p.174.
'Pallida', illus. p.174. 'Pseudindica', syn.
R. 'Beauty of Glazenwood', R. 'Fortune's
Double Yellow', R. 'Gold of Ophir', R. 'San
Rafael Rose' is a lax Climber of restrained
growth. H 8ft (2.5m), S 5ft (1.5m). In
summer bears small clusters of scented,
pointed to cupped, semidouble, copper-
suffused, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across.
Leaves are glossy, light green. Prune very
lightly. Z8-9 H9-8.

R. officinalis. See R. gallica var. officinalis.
R. 'Old Black'. See R. 'Nuits de Young'.

R. 'Omar Khayyam'. Dense, prickly
Damask rose. H and S 3ft (lm). Fragrant,
quartered-rosette, fully double, light pink
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne amid
downy, grayish foliage in summer. Z5-9
H9-1.

R. omeiensis f. pteracantha. See

R. sericea subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha.
R. 'Opa Potschke'. See R. 'Precious
Platinum'.

R. 'Ophelia'. Upright, open Hybrid Tea
rose. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-
fall produces sweetly fragrant, urn-shaped,
double, creamy-blush-pink flowers, 4in
(10cm) across, singly or in clusters. Dark
green foliage is sparse. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Orange Sunblaze ('Meijikitar'),
syn. R. 'Sunblaze'. Compact Miniature rose
with moderate disease resistance. H and
S 12in (30cm). Rosette, fully double, bright
orange-red flowers, UAin (4cm) across, are
freely produced in summer and again in fall.
Has plentiful, dark green leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. 'Panachee d'Angers'. See R.
'Commandant Beaurepaire'.

R. Pascali ('Lenip'). Upright Hybrid Tea
rose. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Bears faintly
scented, neat, urn-shaped, fully double,
white flowers, 372in (9cm) across, in
summer-fall. Has deep green leaves. Z4-11
H12-1.

R. Pat Austin ('Ausmum'). Bushy Shrub
rose with very good disease resistance and

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

matt, mid-green leaves. H 4ft (1.2m),

S 3ft (lm). In summer and again in fall,
cupped, fully double, rich orange flowers,
with some red veining on petals, fade to
peach. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Paul's Himalayan Musk'. Very
vigorous Rambler. H and S 30ft (10m).

Large clusters of slightly fragrant, rosette,
double, blush-pink flowers, lVan (4cm)
across, are freely borne in late summer.

Has thorny, trailing shoots and drooping
leaves. Is suitable for growing up a tree or
in a wild garden. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. Paul Shirville ('Harqueterwife'),
syn. R. 'Heartthrob', illus. p.178.

R. 'Paul's Lemon Pillar', illus. p.184.

R. 'Paul Transon'. Vigorous, rather lax
Rambler. H 12ft (4m), S 5ft (1.5m). In
summer has slightly fragrant, flat, double,
faintly coppery, salmon-pink flowers, 3in
(8cm) across, with pleated petals. Plentiful
foliage is glossy, dark green. Z5-9 H9-1.

R. Peace ('Madame A. Meilland'), syn.
R. 'Gioia', R. 'Gloria Dei', illus. p.182.

R. Pearl Drift ('Leggab'). Bushy,
spreading Shrub roses with good disease
resistance. H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m). Produces
clusters of lightly scented, cupped, double,
blush-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in
summer and again in fall. Leaves are
plentiful and glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Peaudouce'. See R. Elina ('Dicjana').

R. Peek-a-boo ('Dicgrow'), syn. R. 'Brass
Ring'. Dense, cushion-forming Patio rose
with moderate disease resistance. H and
S 18in (45cm). Produces sprays of urn¬
shaped, double, apricot-pink flowers,
lVan (4cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. Leaves are narrow and dark green.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Penelope', illus. p.172.

R. Penny Lane ('Hardwell'), illus. p.186.
R. 'Perle d'Or'. China rose that forms a
twiggy, leafy, small shrub. H 2V2ft (75cm),

S 2ft (60cm). Slightly scented, urn-shaped,
fully double, honey-pink flowers, lVan
(4cm) across, are borne in summer-fall.
Leaves have pointed, glossy leaflets. Z4-11
H12-1.

R. 'Persian Yellow'. See R. foetida
'Persiana'.

R. Piccadilly ('Macar'). Vigorous, bushy
Hybrid Tea rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm). Pointed,
double, red and yellow flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, are produced singly or in clusters in
summer and again in fall. Abundant foliage
is reddish-green and glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. pimpinellifolia. See R. spinosissima.

R. Pink Bells ('PoulbeUs'). Very dense,
spreading Groundcover rose with good
disease resistance. H 272ft (75cm),

S 4ft (1.2m). Produces clusters of many
pompon, fully double, pink flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, in summer and again
in fall. Has abundant, small, dark green
leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Pink Grootendorst'. Upright, bushy
Shrub rose with very good disease
resistance. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Sprays
of rosette, double flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
with toothed, clear pink petals, are borne
in summer and again in fall. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Pink Nevada'. See R. 'Marguerite
Hilling'.

R. 'Pink Parfait'. Bushy Floribunda rose.
H 272ft (75cm), S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall,
slightly fragrant, urn-shaped, double
flowers, 372in (9cm) across, in shades of

light pink, are produced freely. Has
plentiful foliage. Z4-11 H12-4.

R. Pink Perfection ('Korpauvio'), illus.

p.180.

R. 'Pink Perpetue'. Stiffly branched
Climber with moderate disease resistance.

H 9ft (2.8m), S 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters
of slightly scented, cupped to rosette,
double, deep pink flowers, 3in (8cm) across,
in summer and again in fall. Leathery
foliage is plentiful. May be pruned to grow
as a shrub. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Pompon de Paris'. See R. 'Rouletii'.

R. 'Pompon des Princes'. See R.
'Ispahan'.

R. Pot o' Gold ('Dicdivine'). Hybrid Tea
rose with neat, even growth and moderate
disease resistance. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
(60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully double,
golden-yellow flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
are produced singly or in wide sprays in
summer and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Poulbells'. See R. Pink Bells.

R. 'Poulcov'. See R. Kent.

R. 'Poulman'. See R. Ingrid Bergman.

R. 'Poulmax'. See R. Fascination.

R. 'Poumidor'. See R. Troika.

R. 'Precious Platinum', syn. R. 'Opa
Potschke'. Vigorous Hybrid Tea rose with
moderate disease resistance. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Bears slightly scented,
rounded, fully double, deep crimson-scarlet
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in summer and
again in fall. Foliage is abundant and
glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'President de Seze', syn. R. 'Madame
Hebert'. Vigorous, rather open Gallica rose.
H and S 4ft (1.2m). Bears fragrant,
quartered-rosette, fully double, magenta-
pink to pale lilac-pink flowers, 4in (10cm)
across, in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. primula (Incense rose). Lax,
arching Species rose with very good
disease resistance. H and S 6ft (2m).
Produces scented, cupped, primrose-yellow
flowers, lVzin (4cm) across, in a single flush
in summer. Foliage is plentiful, aromatic
and fernlike. May die back in hard winters.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Princess of Wales ('Hardinkum').

Vigorous, compact Floribunda rose. H 30in
(75cm), S 24in (60cm). Tight clusters of
scented, rounded, fully double, paper-white
blooms, 372in (9cm) across, nestle among
crisp, dark leaves in summer-fall. Is good
for a bed or as hedging. Z4-9 H9-4.

R. 'Queen Elizabeth', syn. R. 'The Queen
Elizabeth', illus. p.178.

R. 'Queen of the Violets'. See R. 'Reine
des Violettes'.

R. Rachel ('Tangust'), illus. p.183.

R. 'Rambling Rector', illus. p.184.

R. 'Ramona', syn. R. 'Red Cherokee'.
Rather stiff, open Climber. H 9ft (2.7m),

S 10ft (3m). Fragrant, flat, single, carmine-
red flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with
grayish-red undersides and gold stamens,
are produced mainly in summer. Has
sparse foliage. Does best against a warm
wall. Z7-9 H9-1.

R. Red Ace ('Amruda'). Compact
Miniature rose with good disease
resistance. H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm).
Slightly scented, rosette, double, dark red
flowers, I72in (4cm) across, are borne in
summer and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Red Cherokee'. See R. 'Ramona'.

R. Red Finesse ('Korvillade'), illus. p.181.
R. 'Reine des Violettes', syn. R. 'Queen

of the Violets'. Spreading, vigorous Hybrid
Perpetual rose. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
grayish-toned leaves and fragrant,
quartered-rosette, fully double, violet
to purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in
summer-fall. May be grown on a
support. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Reine Victoria', illus. p.173.

R. Remember Me ('Cocdestin'), illus.
p.183.

R. Remembrance ('Harxampton'), illus.

p.181.

R. Rhapsody in Blue ('Frantasia'), illus.
p.175.

R. 'Rise 'n' Shine', syn. R. 'Golden
Sunblaze'. Bushy, upright Miniature rose
with moderate disease resistance. H 16in
(40cm), S lOin (25cm). Bears rosette, fully
double, yellow flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
in summer and again in fall. Foliage is dark
green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Rose d'Isfahan'. See R. 'Ispahan'.

R. Rose Gaujard ('Gaumo'). Upright,
strong Hybrid Tea rose. H 372ft (1.1m),

S 272ft (75cm). Has plentiful, glossy foliage.
Bears slightly scented, urn-shaped, double,
cherry-red and blush-pink flowers, 4in
(10cm) across, freely in summer-fall.

R. Rosemary Harkness ('Harrowbond').
Vigorous Hybrid tea rose with moderate
disease resistance. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft
(75cm). Bears strongly scented, pointed,
double flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in
salmon-pink and orange, singly or in
clusters in summer and again in fall. Has
abundant, glossy leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Roseraie de l'Hay', illus. p.175.

R. Rosy Cushion ('InteraU'). Dense,
spreading Shrub rose with very good
disease resistance and repeat-flowering
in summer-fall. H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m).
Clusters of slightly scented, cupped,
semidouble flowers, 272in (6cm) across,
are pink with ivory centers. Has plentiful,
glossy, dark green leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Rosy Mantle'. Stiff, open-branched
Climber with good disease resistance.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Very fragrant,
pointed, fully double, rose-pink flowers,

4in (10cm) across, are borne in summer
and again in fall. Dark green foliage is
rather sparse. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Rouge Eblouissante'. See
R. 'Assemblage des Beautes'.

R. 'Rouletii', syn. R. chinensis var.
minima, R. 'Pompon de Paris'. Compact
Miniature rose with thin stems. H and
S 8in (20cm). Has mid-green leaves divided
into many lance-shaped leaflets. Freely
produces cupped, double, deep pink
flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across, in summer-fall.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. roxburghii (Burr rose. Chestnut rose.
Chinquapin rose), illus. p.176. Compact,
bushy Species rose with good disease
resistance. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Has flaky
bark and light to mid-green leaves, often
with up to 15 leaflets that look as if they are
almost arranged on the plant. In a single
flush in summer produces flat, double, pink
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, followed by
spiked hips, which remain green and fall
in late summer. Z6-9 H9-5.

R. 'Royal Dane'. See R. Troika
('Poumidor').

R. Royal William ('Korzaun'), syn.

R. 'Duftzauber '84', illus. p.180.

R. rubiginosa, syn. R. eglanteria
(Eglantine rose. Sweet briar), illus. p.176.

ROSA

Vigorous, arching, thorny Species rose
with very good disease resistance. H and
S 8ft (2.4m). Has apple-scented foliage.
Bears cupped, single, pink flowers,
lin (2.5cm) across, in a single flush in
summer and red hips in fall. Z4-9 H9-1.

R. rubrifolia. See R. glauca.

R. Ruby Anniversary ('Harbonny').
Bushy Patio rose with good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. H 28in (70cm), S 20in (50cm).
Produces highly glossy, dark green leaves
and large, wide clusters of cupped, double,
ruby-red flowers, 2in (5cm) across.

R. rugosa (Hedgehog rose, Japanese rose,
Ramanas rose. Sea tomato), illus. p.176.
Vigorous, dense Species rose with very
good disease resistance. H and S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Has wrinkled leaves and large,
red hips. Bears cupped, single, white or
purplish-red flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
in a single flush in summer. Z2-9 H9-1.
var. alba has white flowers opening from
pale pink buds.

R. 'Rugul'. See R. Golden Penny.

R. 'Ruiblun'. See R. Blue Peter.

R. 'Runatru'. See R. Invincible.

R. 'Saint Nicholas'. Vigorous, erect
Damask rose. H and S 4ft (1.2m). In summer
bears lightly scented, cupped, semidouble,
rose-pink flowers, 5in (12cm) across, with
golden stamens, followed by red hips in
fall. Has plentiful, dark green foliage. Z6-9
H9-1.

R. 'Sally Holmes', illus. p.173.

R. 'Sander's White Rambler'. Vigorous
Rambler of lax growth. H 10ft (3m),

S 8ft (2.5m). Fragrant, rosette, fully double,
white flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
in clusters in late summer. Small, glossy
leaves are plentiful. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'San Rafael Rose'. See R. x odorata
'Pseudindica'.

R. Savoy Hotel ('Harvintage'), illus.
p.178.

R. Scepter'd Isle ('Ausland'). Bushy
Shrub rose with good disease resistance
and dark green foliage. H 5ft (1.5m),

S 3ft (lm). In summer and again in fall
produces scented, cupped, fully double,
rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
eventually opening to show yellow
stamens. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Schneewittchen'. See R. Iceberg
('Korbin').

R. 'Schoolgirl'. Stiff, rather lanky, large-
flowered Climber. H 9ft (2.7m), S 7ft (2.2m).
Large, deep green leaves set off moderately
fragrant, rounded, fully double, apricot-
orange flowers, 4in (10cm) across, borne in
summer-fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. sericea subsp. omeiensis
f. pteracantha, syn. R. omeiensis
f. pteracantha (Winged thorn rose), illus.
p.176. Stiff, upright, vigorous Species rose.
H 8ft (2.5m), S 7ft (2.2m). Has small, fernlike,
light green leaves and large, red thorns
on young stems. In summer, solitary, flat,
white flowers, l-272in (2.5-6cm) across,
are borne briefly along stems. Z6-9 H9-5.

R. Sexy Rexy ('Macrexy'). Compact,
bushy Floribunda rose with moderate
disease resistance. H and S 2ft (60cm).

Bears clusters of slightly scented, cupped,
camellia-like, fully double, pink flowers,

3in (8cm) across, in summer and again in
fall. Leaves are dark green. Z6-9 H9-5.

R. Sheila's Perfume ('Harsherry').
Upright Floribunda rose. H 272ft (75cm),

687

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

ROSA

S 2ft (60cm). Has glossy, reddish foliage.
Fragrant, urn-shaped, double, red-and-
yellow flowers, 3V2in (9cm) across, are
produced singly or in clusters in summer-
fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Sheri Anne ('Morsherry'). Upright
Miniature rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces slightly scented, rosette, double,
light red flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, in
summer and again in fall. Has leathery,
glossy leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Shocking Blue ('Korblue').

Bushy Floribunda rose. H 2V2ft (75cm),

S 2ft (60cm). In summer-fall bears fragrant,
pointed, well-formed, fully double, purple
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, singly or in
clusters. Foliage is dark green. Z5-9 H9-5.
R. Silver Anniversary ('Poulari'), illus.
p.177.

R. 'Silver Jubilee'. Dense, upright
Hybrid Tea rose with good disease
resistance. H 372ft (1.1m), S 272ft (75cm).
Bears slightly scented, pointed, fully
double, soft salmon-pink flowers, 5in
(12cm) across, very freely in summer and
again in fall. Foliage is abundant and
glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Simra ('Korbelma'), syn.

R. 'Goldsmith'. Upright Hybrid Tea rose
with moderate disease resistance. H 30in
(75cm), S 24in (60cm). Slightly scented,
urn-shaped, fully double, yellow flowers,
372in (9cm) across, are borne freely in
summer and again in fall. Leaves are large
and dark green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Simply Sally ('Harpaint'), illus. p.180.
R. Simply the Best ('Macamster'), illus.
p.183.

R. 'Sissi'. See R. Blue Moon ('Tannacht').

R. Snowball ('Macangeli'), syn.

R. 'Angelita'. Compact, creeping Miniature
rose with moderate disease resistance.

H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Pompon, fully
double, white flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
are borne in summer and again in fall.
Leaves are small, glossy and plentiful.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Snow Carpet ('Maccarpe'). Prostrate,
creeping Miniature rose. H 6in (15cm),

S 20in (50cm). Has many small glossy
leaves and pompon, fully double, white
flowers, lVan (3cm) across, in summer,
a few in fall. Makes good, compact
groundcover. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Southampton', syn. R. 'Susan Ann',
illus. p.183.

R. 'Souvenir d'Alphonse Lavallee'.

Vigorous, sprawling Hybrid Perpetual rose.
H 7ft (2.2m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, cupped,
double, burgundy-red to maroon-purple
flowers, 4in (10cm) across, are borne in
summer-fall. Leaves are small and mid¬
green. Is best grown on a light support.
Z6-9 H9-6.

688

R. 'Souvenir de la Malmaison'. Dense,
spreading Bourbon rose. H and S 5ft (1.5m).
Bears spice-scented, quartered-rosette,
fully double, blush-pink to white flowers,
5in (12cm) across, in summer-fall. Rain
spoils flowers. Has large, dark green
leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. 'Spanish Beauty'. See R. 'Madame
Gregoire Staechelin'.

R. 'Spectacular'. See R. 'Danse du Feu'.

R. spinosissima, syn. R. pimpinellifolia
(Burnet rose, Scotch rose, Scots rose).
'Plena' is a dense, spreading, prickly
Species rose with good disease resistance.

H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m). Bears cupped,
double, creamy-white flowers, DAin (4cm)
across, in a single flush in summer. Has
small, fernlike, dark green leaves and
blackish hips. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. 'Spring Morning'. See R.
'Friihlingsmorgen'.

R. 'Stacey Sue'. Spreading Miniature
rose with good disease resistance. H and
S 15in (38cm). Slightly scented, rosette, fully
double, pink flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
are produced freely in summer and again
in fall. Has plentiful, dark green leaves.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Strawberry Hill ('Ausrimini'), illus.
p.174.

R. Summer Song ('Austango'), illus.
p.177.

R. Summer Wine ('Korizont'), illus. p.187.
R. 'Sunblaze'. See R. Orange Sunblaze
('Meijikitar').

R. Sunset Boulevard ('Harbabble').

Upright Floribunda rose. H 3ft (lm),

S 2ft (60cm). Bears open sprays of lightly
scented, pointed to cupped, double,
salmon-pink flowers, 372in (9cm) across,
in summer-fall on glossy-foliaged plants.

Is excellent in a bed or for cut flowers.

R. Super Trooper ('Fryleyeca'), illus.
p.183.

R. 'Susan Ann'. See R. 'Southampton'.

R. Susan Daniel ('Harlibra'), illus. p.178.
R. Sweet Dream ('Fryminicot'), illus.
p.179.

R. Sweet Magic ('Dicmagic'), illus. p.183.
R. 'Sylvia'. See R. Congratulations
('Korlift').

R. 'Sympathie', illus. p.186.

R. 'Tanba'. See R. Baby Masquerade.

R. 'Tanellis'. See R. Fragrant Cloud.

R. 'Tanky'. See R. Whisky Mac.

R. 'Tannacht'. See R. Blue Moon.

R. 'Tapis d'Orient'. See R. 'Yesterday'.

R. 'Tapis Jaune'. See R. Golden Penny
('Rugul').

R. Teasing Georgia ('Ausbaker'), illus.
p.176.

R. Ttess OF the D'Urbervilles
('Ausmove'). Slightly lax, arching shrub
rose with good disease resistance and
repeat-flowering in summer-fall. H 6ft
(1.8m), S 5ft (1.5m). Scented, quartered-
rosette, red flowers, 5in (12cm) across, fade
with sun and age to pink-red. Foliage is
mid-green. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'The Fairy', illus. p.178.

R. The Pilgrim ('Auswalker'), illus.
p.176.

R. The Prince's Trust ('Harholding'),

illus. p.186.

R. 'The Queen Elizabeth'. See R. 'Queen
Elizabeth'.

R. The Times Rose ('Korpeahn'), illus.

p.180.

R. 'Tour de Malakoff'. Provence rose of
open habit and good disease resistance.

H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). In a single flush in
summer produces scented, rosette, double,
violet-veined, magenta flowers, 5in (12cm)
across, fading to grayish-purple. Z4-9 H9-1.
R. 'Tricolore de Flandre'. Vigorous,
upright Gallica rose. H and S 3ft (lm).
Fragrant, pompon, fully double, blush-pink
flowers, 272in (6cm) across, striped with
pink and purple, are borne in summer. Has
dull green leaves. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. Troika ('Poumidor'), syn. R. 'Royal
Dane'. Vigorous, dense Hybrid Tea rose
with moderate disease resistance. H 3ft (lm).

S 272ft (75cm). Fragrant, pointed, double,
pink-tinged, orange-red flowers, 6in (15cm)
across, are produced in summer and again
in fall. Has semi-glossy leaves. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Trumpeter ('Mactru'). Neat, bushy
Floribunda rose with moderate disease
resistance. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm).
Produces many cupped, fully double, bright
red flowers, 272in (6cm) across, in summer
and again in fall. Leaves are deep green
and semi-glossy. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Tuscany Superb', syn. R. 'Double
Velvet'. Vigorous, upright Gallica rose.

H 372ft (1.1m), S 3ft (lm). In summer
produces, slightly scented, cupped to flat,
double flowers, 2in (5cm) across, deep
crimson-maroon, aging to purple, with
gold stamens. Leaves are dark green. Z3-9
H9-1.

R. 'Variegata di Bologna'. Upright,
arching Bourbon rose. H 6ft (2m), S 472ft
(1.4m). Has small leaves and, in summer-
fall, fragrant, quartered-rosette, fully
double flowers, 3in (8cm) across, blush-
pink, striped with rose-purple. Needs
fertile soil and is prone to blackspot. Z6-9
H9-6.

R. 'Veilchenblau', syn. R. 'Blue Rambler',
illus. p.185.

R. Warm Wishes ('Fryxotic'), illus. p.179.
R. 'Wedding Day'. Rampant Rambler.

H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Produces large
clusters of fruity-scented, flat, single,
creamy-white flowers, lin (2.5cm) across,
that mature to blush-pink, in late summer.

Is suitable for growing up a tree or in a
wild garden. Z5-9 H9-1.

R. Wee Jock ('Cocabest'). Dense, bushy
Patio rose with good disease resistance.

H and S 18in (45cm). Bears rosette, fully
double, crimson flowers, UAin (4cm)
across, in summer and again in fall.

Plentiful leaves are small and dark green.
Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Wekmeredoc'. See R. Meredith.

R. 'Wekvossutono'. See R. Julia Child.

R. Whisky Mac ('Tanky'). Neat, upright
Hybrid Tea rose. H 27 2 ft (75cm), S 2ft
(60cm). Fragrant, rounded, fully double,
amber flowers, 372in (9cm) across, are
borne freely in summer-fall. Reddish
foliage is prone to mildew. May die back
in a hard winter. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'White Cockade'. Slow-growing,
bushy, upright Climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m),

S 5ft (1.5m). Bears slightly fragrant,
rounded, well-formed, fully double, white
flowers, 372in (9cm) across, in summer-fall.
May be pruned and grown as a shrub. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. White Gold ('Cocquiriam'). Vigorous
Floribunda rose with very good disease
resistance. H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Has
semi-glossy, dark green leaves. Dense
clusters of strongly scented, rounded, fully
double, off-white flowers, 3in (7cm) across,
with creamy-white centers, are produced in
summer and again in fall.

R. White Star ('Harquill'), illus. p.184.

R. Wild Rover ('Dichirap'). Upright
Floribunda rose with good disease
resistance and repeat-flowering in
summer-fall. H 3ft (lm), S 272ft (75cm).
Produces clusters of 5 or more lightly
scented, flat, semidouble, rich purple
flowers, 3in (7cm) across, with yellow
stamens. Has matt, mid-green leaves.

R. 'William Lobb', syn. R. 'Duchesse
d'lstrie', illus. p.175.

R. William Shakespeare 2000
('Ausromeo'). Bushy Shrub rose with
good disease resistance and matt, dark
green leaves. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm).
Strongly scented, quartered-rosette, fully
double, crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with slightly pink outer petals, are produced
in summer and again in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Winchester Cathedral ('Auscat').
Bushy Shrub rose with good disease
resistance and dark green leaves. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Myrrh-scented, rosette,
double, white flowers, 4in (10cm) across,
with light pink blushes when young, are
produced in summer and again in fall.

Z5-9 H9-5.

R. Wisley 2008 ('Ausbreeze'). Bushy
Shrub rose with very good disease
resistance and dull, mid-green leaves.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 3ft (lm). Sweetly scented,
quartered-rosette, fully double, light rose-
pink flowers open from plump, rounded
buds in summer and again in fall. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. xanthina 'Canary Bird', syn.

R. 'Canary Bird'. Vigorous, dense, arching
Species hybrid with very good disease
resistance. H and S 7ft (2.1m). Cupped,
single, yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across,
with musky scent, are produced in a
single flush in summer. Has small, fernlike
leaves. May die back in hard winters. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Yesterday', syn. R. 'Tapis d'Orient'.
Bushy, arching Polyantha rose. H and
S 30in (75cm), or more if lightly pruned.
Fragrant, rosette, semidouble, lilac-pink
flowers, lin (2.5cm) across, are borne,
mainly in clusters, from summer through
to early winter. Produces small, dark
green leaves. Makes a good hedge. Z5-9
H9-5.

R. 'Yvonne Rabier'. Dense, bushy
Polyantha rose. H 18in (45cm), S 16in
(40cm). Plentiful leaves are bright green.
Bears moderately scented, rounded,
double, creamy-white flowers, 2in (5cm)
across, in summer-fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. 'Zephirine Drouhin', illus. p.185.

R. 'Zigeunerknabe', syn. R. 'Gipsy Boy'.
Vigorous, thorny Bourbon rose of lanky
habit. H and S 6ft (2m). Faintly scented,
cupped to flat, double, purplish-crimson
flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are borne in
summer. Leaves are dark green. Z6-9 H9-6.

ROSCOEA

ZINGIBERACEAE ~

Genus of late summer- and early fall¬
flowering, tuberous perennials, related to
ginger, grown for their orchid-like flowers.
Each flower has a hooded, upper petal, a
wide-lobed, lower lip and 2 narrower
petals. Is suitable for open borders, rock
gardens and woodland gardens. Needs sun
or partial shade and cool, well-drained rich
soil that must be kept moist in summer.

Dies down in winter, when a top-dressing
of leaf mold or well-rotted compost is
beneficial. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed, exposed to frost for best
germination, in fall or winter.

R. alpina. Herbaceous, creeping, tuberous
perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). Has 1-5 deep
purple, pink or white flowers, borne in
succession at the top of leafy shoot, in
summer. Produces 1-2 rather short, lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves at flowering time.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

increasing to 5-6 leaves, to lOin (25cm)
long. Requires a shady site. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. auriculata, illus. p.411.

R. australis. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 10-16in (25-40cm),

S lOin (25cm). Has 2-7 broadly lance¬
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, arranged
in opposite pairs, forming a pseudostem
bearing 1-2 purple or white flowers,
with shallowly lobed lips. Is intolerant of
winter wet so is better in a cold frame. Is
sometimes confused with R. tibetica. Z6-9
H9-6.

R. cautleyoides, illus. p.424.

R. humeana, illus. p.423.

R. procera. See R. purpurea.

R. purpurea, syn. R. procera. Summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 8-12in
(20-30cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Lance¬
shaped, erect leaves are long-pointed
and wrap around each other at base to
form false stem. Produces long-tubed,
purple flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

R. scillifolia, illus. p.477. Upright,
tuberous perennial. H 2-12in (5-30cm),

S 4-1 Oin (10-25cm). Small, purple-black or
light pink flowers are produced in summer-
fall above narrowly lance-shaped to linear,
mid-green leaves. Z8-9 H9-8.

R. tibetica. Rosette-forming, tuberous
perennial. H 2-8in (5-20cm), S 4-12in
(10-30cm). Has broadly lance-shaped,
pleated, mid-green leaves. In summer
produces purple, pink or white flowers,
with deeply lobed lips, at top of stem.

Z6-9 H9-6.

Rosmarinifolius lavanduiaceus of

gardens. See Rosmarinus officinalis
'Prostratus'.

ROSMARINUS

Rosemary

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and aromatic foliage, which can
be used as a culinary herb. At limits of
hardiness grow against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Requires sun and well-drained
soil. Cut back frost-damaged plants to
healthy wood in spring; straggly, old plants
may be cut back hard at same time. Trim
hedges after flowering. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

R. officinalis, illus. p.157. 'Miss
Jessopp's Upright' is an evergreen,
compact, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
From mid- to late spring and sometimes
again in fall bears small, 2-lipped, blue
flowers amid narrowly oblong, aromatic,
dark green leaves. Is good when grown
for hedging. Z7-11 H12-1. 'Prostratus',
syn. Rosmarinifolius lavanduiaceus, H 6in
(15cm), is prostrate and among the least
hardy forms. Z8-11 H12-1. 'Severn
Sea', H 3ft (lm), has an arching habit,
and produces bright blue flowers. Z8-11
H12-1.

ROSSIOGLOSSUM

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

R. grande, syn. Odontoglossum grande
(Clown orchid. Tiger orchid), illus. p.467.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Spikes of rich
yellow flowers, to 6in (15cm) across, heavily
marked with chestnut-brown, are produced

in fall. Has broadly oval, stiff leaves, 6in
(15cm) long. Provide shade in summer and
keep very dry in winter. Z14-15 H12-6.

ROTHMANNIA

RUBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers.

Is related to Gardenia. Needs full light
or partial shade and rich, well-drained,
neutral to acid soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

R. capensis, syn. Gardenia capensis,
Gardenia rothmannia (Candlewood).
Evergreen, ovoid shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m)
or more, S 10ft (3m) or more. Leaves are
oval, lustrous and rich green. Has fragrant,
tubular flowers, with 5 arching, white to
creamy-yellow petal lobes and purple-
dotted throats, in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

ROYSTONEA

Royal palm

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their
majestic appearance. Produces racemes of
insignificant flowers in summer. Needs full
light or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Water container plants
freely when in full growth, less at other
times, especially when temperatures are
low. Propagate by seed in spring at not less
than 81°F (27°C). Red spider mite may be a
problem.

R. regia. Evergreen palm with an upright
stem, sometimes thickened about the
middle. H 70ft (20m) or more, S to 20ft (6m).
Leaves are feather-shaped, 10ft (3m) long,
upright at first, then becoming arching and
pendent, and are divided into narrowly
oblong, leathery, bright green leaflets.
Zll-12 H12-10.

RUBUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed,
scrambling climbers. Some species are
cultivated solely for their edible fruits,
which include raspberries and blackberries.
Those described here are grown mainly for
their foliage, flowers or ornamental, often
prickly stems, though some may also bear
edible fruits. Deciduous species grown for
their winter stems prefer full sun; other
deciduous species need sun or partial
shade; evergreens and semievergreens
tolerate sun or shade. All Rubus require
fertile, well-drained soil. Cut old stems of R.
biflorus, R. cockbumianus and R. thibetanus
to ground after fruiting. Propagate by seed
or cuttings (semiripe for evergreens,
softwood or hardwood for deciduous
species) in summer or winter, R. odoratus
by division in spring and R. 'Benenden'
and R. ulmifolius 'Bellidiflorus' by layering
in spring.

R. 'Benenden', syn. R. Tridel', illus. p.128.
R. biflorus, illus. p.143.

R. cockbumianus (Ghost bramble).
Deciduous, arching shrub. H and S 8ft
(2.5m). Prickly shoots are brilliant blue-white
in winter. Dark green leaves, white beneath,
are usually divided into 9 oval leaflets. Bears

panicles of 5-petaled, purple flowers in early
summer, followed by unpalatable, spherical,
black fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

R. henryi var. bambusarum. Fast¬
growing, vigorous, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling climber. H to 20ft
(6m). Leaves are divided into 3 broadly oval
leaflets, white-felted beneath. Tiny, pink
flowers are borne in small clusters in
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

R. odoratus (Flowering raspberry,
Thimbleberry). Vigorous, deciduous,
upright, thicket-forming shrub. H and
S 8ft (2.5m). Thornless, peeling shoots bear
large, velvety, dark green leaves, with 5
broadly triangular lobes. Large, fragrant,
5-petaled, rose-pink flowers are produced
from early summer to early fall, and are
sometimes followed by unpalatable,
flattened, red fruits. Z3-7 H7-1.

R. thibetanus, illus. p.143.

R. tricolor. Evergreen shrub with both
prostrate and arching shoots covered in
red bristles. H 2ft (60cm), S 6ft (2m). Oval,
toothed, glossy, dark green leaves set off
cup-shaped, 5-petaled, white flowers borne
in mid-summer. Has edible, raspberry-like,
red fruits. Makes good groundcover. Z7-9
H9-7.

R. 'Tridel'. See R. 'Benenden'.

R. ulmifolius 'Bellidiflorus'. Vigorous,
deciduous or semievergreen, arching
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Prickly
stems bear dark green leaves, divided into
3 or 5 oval leaflets, and, in mid- to late
summer, large panicles of daisylike,
double, pink flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

RUDBECKIA

Coneflower

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
grown for their flowers. Needs sun or
partial shade and well-drained or moist
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall or spring.

R. fulgida (Black-eyed Susan). Z4-9 H9-1.
var. deamii (illus. p.251) is an erect
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 2ft (60cm) or more.
In late summer and fall produces daisylike,
yellow flower heads, with central, black
cones. Has narrowly lance-shaped, mid¬
green leaves. Prefers moist soil. var.
speciosa (illus. p.251) has elliptic to lance¬
shaped, almost sickle-shaped basal leaves
and coarsely toothed stem leaves, var.
sullivantii 'Goldsturm' (illus. p.251),

H 30in (75cm), S 12in (30cm) or more, has
golden-yellow flower heads.

R. 'Goldquelle'. See R. laciniata
'Goldquelle'.

R. hirta (Black-eyed Susan, Gloriosa
daisy). Moderately fast-growing, upright,
branching, short-lived perennial, grown
as an annual. H 1—3ft (30cm-lm), S l-lVzft
(30-45cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green
leaves and, in summer-fall, large, daisylike,
deep yellow flower heads, with conical,
purple centers. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Z3-7 H7-1. Becky Mixed, H lOin
(25cm), have yellow, dark red or reddish
brown flowers. 'Goldilocks', illus. p.325.
'Irish Eyes', H to 2Vzft (75cm), has yellow
flower heads, with olive-green centers.
'Marmalade', illus. p.323. 'Rustic
Dwarfs', H to 24in (60cm), bears yellow,
mahogany or bronze flower heads. 'Toto
Gold', illus. p.320.

RUSCHIA

R. laciniata (Coneflower). 'Golden Glow'

Erect perennial. H 6—7ft (2-2.2m), S 2—3ft
(60cm-lm). Bears daisylike, double, golden-
yellow flower heads, with green centers,
in late summer and fall. Mid-green leaves
are divided into lance-shaped leaflets,
themselves farther cut. Prefers well-
drained soil. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Goldquelle', syn.
R. 'Goldquelle', illus. p.222. 'Herbstsonne'
(illus. p.251) has single, bright yellow
flower heads. Z3-9 H9-1.

R. maxima, illus. p.251. Clump-forming
perennial. H 6ft (2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm).
Has broadly spoon-shaped, waxy, blue-
green, basal leaves. In summer, sturdy
stems bear solitary, daisylike flower heads
with slender, reflexed, yellow ray florets
and large, central, black cones. Z4-8 H8-1.
R. occidentalis. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24-72in (60-180cm), S 18in
(45cm) or more. Has oval, mid-green, basal
leaves. In summer, erect, leafy, occasionally
branched stems bear daisylike flower
heads with large, central, brownish-black
cone surrounded by short, pointed, green
bracts; they have no true ray florets
("petals"). Z3-10 H9-1. 'Green Wizard'
(illus. p.251), H 5ft (1.5m), has a more even
height range.

R. purpurea. See Echinacea purpurea.

R. triloba (Brown-eyed Susan), illus.
p.251. Short-lived, upright, clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 16in (40cm). Has
3-lobed, hairy, mid- to pale green, basal
leaves. From late summer until fall frosts,
leafy stems bear masses of daisylike, bright
yellow flower heads with central, blackish-
brown cones. Self-seeds freely. Z3-11
H12-1.

RUELLIA

ACANTHACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and evergreen
subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their
showy flowers. Needs a humid atmosphere,
partial shade and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by stem cuttings or seed,
if available, in spring.

R. amoena. See R. graecizans.

R. devosiana, illus. p.465.

R. graecizans, syn. R. amoena.

Evergreen, bushy subshrub with wide-
spreading stems. H and S 24in (60cm)
or more. Has oval, pointed leaves.
Intermittently bears clusters of small,
tubular, scarlet flowers on stalks to
4in (10cm) long. Z14-15 H12-10.

R. makoyana (Monkey plant. Trailing
velvet plant). Hairy, spreading perennial.

H to 2ft (60cm), S lVzft (45cm). Has oval,
silver-veined, purple leaves, dark purple
beneath. In summer bears solitary, funnel-
shaped, carmine-pink flowers from leaf
axils. Z4-5 H12-10.

RUSCHIA

AIZOACEAE

Genus of mostly small, tufted, perennial
succulents and evergreen shrubs with
leaves united up to one-third of their
lengths around stems or with very short
sheaths. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

R. acuminata. Evergreen, erect, succulent
shrub. H 8in (20cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
woody stems as well as non-woody, bluish-

689

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TO D

RUSCUS

green stems with darker dots. Produces
solid, 3-angled leaves, lVdn (3cm) long,
with blunt keel and short sheather.
Daisylike, white to pale pink flowers,
lVun (3cm) across, are produced in
summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

R. crassa. Evergreen, erect, succulent
shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Bears solid,
3-angled, bluish-green leaves, 3 Ain (2cm)
long, with short, white hairs; the
undersides are keeled and have single
tooth. Has daisylike, white flowers, lin
(2.5cm) across, in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.
R. macowanii. Erect, then spreading,
perennial succulent. H 6in (15cm), S 3ft
(lm). Has solid, slightly keeled, 3-angled,
bluish-green leaves, to lVun (3cm) long.

In summer bears masses of daisylike,
bright pink flowers, lVun (3cm) across,
with darker stripes. Z13-15 H12-10.

RUSCUS

LILIACEAE/RUSCACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, clump-forming,
spring-flowering shrubs, grown for their
foliage and fruits. The apparent leaves are
actually flattened shoots, on which flowers
and fruits are borne. Usually, separate male
and female plants are required for fruiting.
Is particularly useful for dry, shady sites.
Tolerates sun, full or partial shade and
any soil other than waterlogged. Cut back
dead shoots to base in spring. Propagate
by division in spring. ® The berries of
R. aculeatus may cause mild stomach upset
if ingested.

R. aculeatus, illus. p.167.

R. hypoglossum, illus. p.167.

RUSSELIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs,
grown for their showy flowers. Needs sun
or partial shade and rich, light, well-
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
or division in spring.

R. equisetiformis, syn. R.juncea, illus.
p.470.

R.juncea. See R. equisetiformis.

RUTA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
subshrubs, with deeply divided, aromatic
leaves, grown for their foliage and flowers
and used as a medicinal herb. Requires sun
and well-drained soil. Cut back to old wood
in spring to keep compact. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer. ® All parts
may cause severe discomfort if eaten; the
foliage may cause photodermatitis on
contact.

R. graveolens (Common rue). 'Jackman's
Blue', illus. p.159.

690

SABAL

PALMAE/ARECACEAE

Genus of evergreen fan palms, grown for
their foliage and overall appearance.
Prefers full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water moderately when in full
growth, less at other times. Propagate
by seed in spring. Red spider mite may
be troublesome.

S. minor, illus. p.457.

SAGINA

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Genus of mat-forming annuals and
evergreen perennials, grown for their
foliage. Is suitable for banks and in paving.
Some species may be very invasive. Prefers
sun and gritty, moist soil; dislikes hot,
dry conditions. Propagate by division in
spring, by seed in fall or, for S. boydii,
by tip cuttings in summer. Aphids and
red spider mite may cause problems.

S. boydii, syn. S. procumbens 'Boydii',
illus. p.376.

S. procumbens 'Boydii'. See S. boydii.

SAGITTARIA

Arrowhead

AL1SMATACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged
and marginal water plants, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Some species are
suitable for pools, others for aquariums.

All require full sun. Remove fading foliage
as necessary. Propagate by division in
spring or summer or by breaking off
turions in spring.

S. graminea 'Crushed Ice'. Deciduous,
perennial, marginal water plant or bog
plant. H 9in (23cm), S 6in (15cm). Has linear,
pointed leaves marbled cream and green.
Bears 3-petaled, white flowers from early
to mid-summer.

S. japonica. See S. sagittifolia 'Flore
Pleno'.

S. latifolia, illus. p.434.

S. sagittifolia (Japanese arrowhead).
Deciduous, perennial, marginal water
plant. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Upright,
mid-green leaves are acutely arrow-
shaped. In summer produces 3-petaled,
white flowers, with dark purple centers.
May be grown in up to 9in (23cm) depth of
water. Z5-11 H12-13. 'Flore Pleno', syn.

S. japonica (Japanese arrowhead) has
double flowers.

SAINTPAULIA

African violet

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming
perennials, grown for their showy flowers.
Needs a constant temperature, a humid
atmosphere, partial shade and fertile soil.
Propagate by leaf cuttings in summer.
Whitefly and mealy bug may cause
problems with indoor plants.

African violet cultivars

There are over 2, 000 cultivars, mainly

derived from S. ionantha, with star- or bell¬

shaped, white, pink, red, blue, violet, bi- or
multi-colored flowers, borne throughout
the year. They may be single, semidouble
or fully double. Petal edges may be ruffled,
rounded, frilled or fringed. The broadly
ovate to oval leaves are usually mid- or
dark green, and may be feathered, flecked
or variegated white, pink or cream. See
also feature panel p.472.Cultivars are
divided into 5 groups, according to rosette
size. The measurement given below is the
diameter of the rosette; the spread of
each cultivar is the same as this: Micro¬
miniature—less than 8cm (3in); Miniature—
8-16cm (3-6in); miniature—16-2 lcm
(6—8in); Standard—21-40cm (8-16in);

Large—over 40cm (16in).

S. 'Bright Eyes', illus. p.472. Standard
Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has dark green
leaves and single, deep violet-blue flowers
with yellow centers. H12-10.

S. 'Chantabent'. Semi-miniature Group.

H 4-6in (10-15cm). Has dark green leaves,
with deep red undersides, and bears large,
single, violet-blue flowers. H12-10.

S. 'Colorado', illus. p.469.

S. 'Delft'. Standard Group. H to 6in
(15cm). Leaves are dark green, and
flowers are semidouble and violet-blue.
H12-10.

S. 'Dorothy'. Standard Group. H to 6in
(15cm). Has long-stalked, light green
leaves, and bears large, single, rich pink
flowers with frilled, white margins.
H12-10.

S. 'Falling Raindrops', illus. p.472.
Standard Group with trailing habit.

H 4-6in (10-15cm). Has mid-green leaves
and single, violet-blue flowers. H12-10.

S. 'Garden News', illus. p.472. Standard
Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has bright green
leaves and double, pure white flowers.
H12-10.

S. 'Ice Maiden', illus. p.472. Standard
Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears single,
white flowers with purple-blue markings.
H12-10.

S. ionantha. Evergreen, stemless,
rosette-forming perennial, often forming
clumps. H to 4in (10cm), S lOin (25cm).
Almost rounded, scalloped, long-stalked,
fleshy, usually hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm)
long, are mid-green above and often
reddish-green below. Loose clusters of
2-8 tubular, 5-lobed, violet-blue flowers,
to lin (2.5cm) across, are produced on
stems held above leaves and appear year-
round. H12-10.

S. 'Pip Squeek', illus. p.472. Micro¬
miniature Group. H to 3in (8cm). Produces
dark green leaves and bell-shaped, pale
pink flowers. H12-10.

S. 'Porcelain', illus. p.472. Standard
Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears semidouble,
white flowers with purple-blue edges.
H12-10.

S. 'Powder Keg', illus. p.472. Large
Group. H 4-6in (10-15cm). Bears dark
green leaves and semidouble, deep red
flowers, with white margins to petals.
H12-10.

S. 'Rainbow's Limelight'. Standard
Group. H 4-6in (10-15cm). Has mid-green
leaves and single, lime-green and yellow
flowers.

S. 'Rococo Anna', syn. S. 'Rococo Pink'.
Standard Group. H to 6in (15cm). Bears
double, iridescent pink flowers. H12-10.

S. 'Rococo Pink'. See S. 'Rococo Anna'.

S. 'Starry Trail', illus. p.472. Standard
Group. H to 6in (15cm). Has dark green
leaves and narrow-petaled, semidouble to
double, white flowers, sometimes flushed
pale pink. H12-10.

S. 'Zoja', illus. p.472. Standard Group.

H to 6in (15cm). Produces large, single to
semidouble, purple-blue flowers, with bold
white line at petal margins. H12-10.

SALIX

Willow

SALICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, grown
for their habit, foliage, catkins and, in some
cases, colorful winter shoots. Male catkins
are more striking than female; each plant
usually bears catkins of only one sex. Most
prefer full sun. Most species grow well in
any but very dry soil; S. caprea, S. purpurea
and their variants also thrive in dry soil.
Plants grown for their colorful winter shoots
should be cut back hard in early spring,
every 1-3 years. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by hardwood cuttings
in winter. Fungal diseases may cause canker,
particularly in S. babylonica and S. x
sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. Willows may
become infested with such pests as
caterpillars, aphids and gall mites.

S. aegyptiaca (Musk willow). Vigorous,
deciduous, bushy shrub or tree. H 12ft (4m),
S 15ft (5m). Gray catkins that mature to
yellow are produced on bare, sturdy shoots
in late winter or early spring, before large,
narrowly oval, deep green leaves. Z5-8
H8-5.

S. alba (White willow). Z4-9 H9-1.
f. argentea. See S. alba var. sericea.
'Britzensis'. See S. alba var.
vitellina' Britzensis'. var. caerulea
(Cricket-bat willow) is a very fast-growing,
deciduous, conical tree with upright
branches. H 80ft (25m), S 30ft (10m). Has
long, narrowly lance-shaped, deep bluish-
green leaves and, in early spring, small,
pendent, yellowish-green catkins.
'Chermesina'. See S. alba var. vitellina
'Chermesina'. var. sericea, syn.

S. alba f. argentea, S. alba 'Sericea' (Silver
willow), H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m), is a
spreading tree that is conical when young
and has bright silvery-gray leaves.
'Sericea'. See S. alba var. sericea.

"Tristis', syn. S. vitellina 'Pendula' has a
more weeping habit and produces only
female catkins. 'Tristis' of gardens. See
S. x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma. var.
vitellina, illus. p.69. var. vitellina
'Britzensis', syn. S. alba 'Britzensis' has
green leaves and bright orange-red, young
shoots and is usually cut back to near
ground level to provide winter color,
var. vitellina 'Chermesina', syn. S. alba
'Chermesina' has carmine-red, young
winter shoots.

S. apoda, illus. p.356.

S. arbuscula (Mountain willow).
Deciduous, spreading shrub. H and S 2ft
(60cm) or more. In spring, dark brown
stems produce narrowly oval, toothed
leaves and white-haired, sometimes red-
tinged, yellow catkins. Is suitable for a
rock garden. Z3-9 H9-1.

S. babylonica (Weeping willow).
Deciduous, weeping tree with slender,
pendent shoots that reach almost to the
ground. H and S 40ft (12m). Bears narrowly

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SALVIA

lance-shaped, long-pointed leaves. Has
yellowish-green catkins in early spring. Is
susceptible to canker and has been largely
replaced in cultivation by S. x sepulcralis
var. chrysocoma. Z6-9 H9-1. var.
pekinensis 'Tortuosa', syn. S. matsudana
Tortuosa', illus. p.80.

S. bockii. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and
S 8ft (2.5m). Has slender, upright, gray-
hairy shoots and oblong, glossy, bright
green leaves, with silky-hairy undersides.
Usually female in cultivation; bears green
catkins in early and mid-fall. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. x boydii, illus. p.347.

S. caprea (French pussy willow. Goat
willow). Deciduous, bushy shrub or tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are
dark green above, gray beneath. Catkins
are borne in spring before foliage
emerges: females are silky and gray, males
are gray with yellow anthers. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Kilmarnock', H 5-6ft (1.5-2m), S 6ft (2m),
is dense-headed and weeping. From early
to mid- spring produces gray catkins that
later become yellow.

S. chrysocoma. See S. x sepulcralis var.
chrysocoma.

S. daphnoides , illus. p.69.

S. elaeagnos (Rosemary willow).
Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 10ft
(3m), S 15ft (5m). In spring, long shoots
bear slender, yellow catkins as leaves
emerge. These are narrowly oblong and
dark green, with white undersides, and
turn yellow in fall. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. exigua, illus. p.112.

S. fargesii, syn. S. moupinensis.
Deciduous, upright, open shrub. H and
S 10ft (3m). Has purplish-red winter shoots
and buds. Slender, erect, green catkins are
produced in spring, at same time as bold,
oblong, glossy, dark green leaves. Z5-8
H8-5.

S. fragilis (Crack willow). Deciduous tree
with broad, bushy head. H 50ft (15m),

S 40-50ft (12-15m). Has long, narrow,
pointed, glossy, bright green leaves.
Catkins, borne in early spring, are yellow
on male plants, green on females. Z4-7
H7-1.

S. gracilistyla. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Large, silky, gray
catkins with red then bright yellow anthers,
from early to mid-spring, are followed by
lance-shaped, silky, gray, young leaves that
mature to bright, glossy green. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Melanostachys', syn. S. 'Melanostachys'
(Black willow) bears almost black catkins,
with red anthers, in early spring, before
bright green leaves emerge.

S. hastata 'Wehrhahnii', illus. p.145.

S. helvetica, illus. p.335.

S. herbacea (Dwarf willow. Least willow).
Deciduous, creeping shrub. H lin (2.5cm),

S 8in (20cm) or more. Has small, rounded
to oval leaves. In spring produces small,
yellow or yellowish-green catkins. Is good
for a rock garden. Needs moist soil.

S. irrorata. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Purple, young
shoots are white-bloomed in winter.

Catkins with red then yellow anthers are
produced from early to mid-spring, before
narrowly oblong, glossy, bright green
leaves emerge. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. lanata, illus. p.147. 'Stuartii'. See
S. 'Stuartii'.

S. lindleyana. Deciduous, creeping, mat¬
forming shrub with long, creeping stems.

H 3 /4-174in (2-3cm), S 16in (40cm) or more.
Small, narrowly oval to linear, pale green
leaves are densely set on short branchlets
that produce brownish-pink catkins in
spring. Is suitable for a rock garden or
bank. Needs partial shade and damp soil.

Is often confused with the very similar
S. furcata (syn. S. fruticulosa , S. hylematica ),
which is more lax, with spreading,
sometimes erect stems. Z7-8 H8-7.

S. magnifica. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Produces very
long, slender, green catkins, on sturdy, red
shoots, in spring, at same time as large,
magnolialike, blue-green leaves emerge.
Z7-8 H8-7.

S. matsudana 'Tortuosa'. See S.

babylonica var. pekinensis' Tortuosa'.

S. 'Melanostachys'. See S. gracilistyla
'Melanostachys'.

S. moupinensis of gardens. See S. fargesii.
S. pentandra (Bay willow. Laurel willow).
Deciduous, large shrub, then small tree
with broad, bushy head. H and S 30ft (10m).
Oval, glossy, dark green leaves are blue-
white beneath. Catkins—males bright
yellow, females gray-green—are produced
in early summer, when tree is in full leaf.
Z5-9 H9-1.

S. purpurea (Purple osier). Deciduous,
bushy, spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
Gray, male catkins, with yellow anthers,
and insignificant, female catkins are both
borne on slender, often purple shoots in
spring, before narrowly oblong, deep
green leaves emerge. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Nana',

H and S 5ft (1.5m), is dense, with silver-gray
leaves; is good as a hedge.

S. repens, illus. p.147.

S. reticulata, illus. p.357.

S. x rubens 'Basfordiana'. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Has bright orange-yellow, young shoots in
winter and long, narrow leaves, gray-green
when young, becoming glossy, bright
green in summer. Yellowish-green catkins
are borne in early spring. Z5-7 H7-5.

S. sachalinensis 'Sekka'. See S. undensis
'Sekka'.

S. x sepulcralis var. chrysocoma, syn.

S. alba 'Tristis', S. chrysocoma, illus. p.69.

S. 'Stuartii', syn. S. lanata 'Stuartii'. Slow-
growing, deciduous, spreading shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 6ft (2m). Has yellow winter shoots.
Sturdy, gray-green catkins open from
orange buds in spring, as oval, woolly, gray
leaves emerge. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. undensis 'Sekka', syn.

S. sachalinensis 'Sekka'. Deciduous,
spreading shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 30ft (10m).
Has flattened shoots that are red in
winter and lance-shaped, glossy, bright
green leaves. Silver catkins are produced
in early spring. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. vitellina 'Pendula'. See S. alba 'Tristis'.

SALPIGLOSSIS

SOLANACEAE

Genus of annuals and biennials. Usually
only annuals are cultivated, either for color
in borders or as greenhouse plants. Needs
sun and rich, well-drained soil. Stems need
support. Deadhead regularly. Propagate by
seed sown under glass in early spring, or
in early fall for winter flowering indoors.
Aphids may be troublesome.

S. sinuata Bolero Hybrids Group
of moderately fast-growing, branching.

upright annuals. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm).
Has lance-shaped, pale green leaves.
Outward-facing, widely flared, trumpet¬
shaped, conspicuously veined flowers, 2in
(5cm) across, are produced in summer and
early fall. Is available in mixture of rich
colors. Casino Series are available in red,
blue, purple, yellow or orange flowers.
'Friendship' has upward-facing flowers
in a range of colors.

SALVIA

Sage

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials
and evergreen or semievergreen shrubs
and subshrubs, grown for their tubular,
2-lipped, often brightly colored flowers and
aromatic foliage. Leaves of some species
may be used for flavoring foods. Needs
sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
perennials by division in spring, perennials,
shrubs and subshrubs by softwood
cuttings in mid-summer, half-hardy annuals
by seed sown under glass in early spring
and fully-hardy species by seed sown
outdoors in mid-spring.

S. argentea, illus. p.250. Rosette-forming,
short-lived perennial. H 36in (90cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has ovate to elliptic, toothed,
silvery-woolly leaves. From mid- to late
summer bears many-branched, terminal
panicles of white flowers, sometimes pink-
flushed. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. blepharophylla. Spreading,
rhizomatous perennial. H and S 18in
(45cm). Has oval, glossy, dark green leaves
and slender racemes of bright red flowers,
with maroon calyces, in summer-fall. Z8-10
H10-8.

S. bulleyana. Rosette-forming perennial.

H and S 24in (60cm). Racemes of nettlelike,
yellow flowers, with maroon lips, are borne
in summer above basal mass of broadly
oval, coarse, prominently veined, dark
green leaves. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. discolor. Semievergreen, compact
subshrub. H and S to 3ft (lm). Ovate, silvery-
green leaves and stems are covered in
woolly, white hairs. Has terminal racemes
of purple flowers, sometimes almost black,
from late summer to early fall. Z9-11 H12-3.
S. elegans 'Scarlet Pineapple'
(Pineapple sage). Clump-forming, woody-
based perennial. H and S 3ft (lm). Hairy
stems bear heart-shaped, downy, glaucous
leaves, which are pineapple scented when
bruised. Bears loose panicles of large,
crimson-pink flowers in winter-spring.

S. farinacea. f. alba Moderately fast¬
growing, upright perennial, grown as an
annual. H 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance¬
shaped, mid-green leaves. Spikes of white
flowers are produced in summer. 'Strata',
illus. p.314. 'Victoria', illus. p.312. Dwarf
forms are also available.

S. forsskaolii. Basal clump-forming
perennial. H and S 20in (50cm). Ovate,
toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves mature to
dark green by summer. In summer produces
sparse whorls of violet-blue flowers, with
white and yellow markings on lower lips.

S. fulgens, illus. p.156.

S. glutinosa, illus. p.250. Clump-forming,
sticky-hairy perennial. H and S 36in (90cm).
Branched or unbranched stems bear heart-
shaped, toothed, mid-green leaves. From
mid-summer to mid-fall produces loose.

terminal racemes of softly hairy, maroon-
spotted, pale yellow flowers, with red-
brown marks on lower lips. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. grahamii. See S. microphylla var.
microphylla.

S. greggii. Evergreen, erect subshrub.

H to 3ft (lm), S to 2ft (60cm). Leaves are
narrowly oblong and matt, deep green.

Has terminal racemes of bright red-purple
flowers in fall. Z7-9 H9^L 'Devon
Cream'. See S. greggii 'Sungold'. 'Icing
Sugar' (illus. p.155) has deep purplish-
pink flowers, with frosted pink lower lips.
'Sungold', syn. S. greggii 'Devon Cream'
has warm yellow flowers.

S. guaranitica. Deciduous, upright
subshrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 3ft (90cm).
Branched, dark green stems bear ovate,
hairy, wrinkled, mid-green leaves. Deep
blue flowers, with purple calyces, are
produced in terminal and axillary spikes
from late summer to fall. Z7-10 HI 1-8.
'Black and Blue' (illus. p.250) has rich
blue flowers, with dark purple-blue calyces.
Z7-10 H12-8. 'Blue Enigma' Clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (lm). Has
long racemes of small, slightly fragrant,
pale blue flowers, with green calyces, in
summer-fall.

S. haematodes. See S. pratensis
Haematodes Group.

S. horminum. See S. viridis.

S. involucrata. Bushy, woody-based
perennial. H 2-272ft (60-75cm) or more,

S 3ft (lm). Has oval, mid-green leaves and,
in late summer and fall, racemes of large,
rose-crimson flowers. Z11-15 H12-10.
'Bethellii', illus. p.221.

S. x jamensis (S. microphylla x S. greggii).
Very variable, evergreen, bushy shrub. H 3ft
(lm), S 2-272ft (60-75cm). Has ovate to
elliptic, toothed, mid-green leaves. In
summer-fall produces terminal racemes of
2-lipped flowers, varying in color from red
to rose-pink, salmon-pink and orange to
creamy-yellow. 'Hot Lips' (illus. p.155) has
white upper flower lips and vivid red lower
lips but may also produce pure white or
pure red flowers. Z9-10 H10-9. 'James
Compton' bears deep crimson flowers.

'La Luna' (illus. p.155) has creamy-yellow
flowers with reddish-brown hairs on upper
lips. Z9-10 H10-9. 'Maraschino' (illus.
p.155) has cherry-red flowers. Z9-10 H10-9.
'Pat Vlasto' bears pink-suffused, orange
flowers. 'Raspberry Royale' produces
bright raspberry-red flowers. 'Red Velvet'
(illus. p.155) has velvety, red flowers, with
dark calyces. Z9-10 H10-9. 'Sierra San
Antonio' (illus. p.155) bears peach-rose
flowers, with yellow lower lips. Z9-10 H10-9.
S. jurisicii. Rosette-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Stems are
clothed with mid-green leaves, divided into
4-6 pairs of linear leaflets. In early summer
produces racemes of inverted, violet-blue
flowers. Z6-9 H9-6.

S. lavandulifolia (Spanish sage).
Prostrate, woody-based perennial.

H and S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oblong,
downy, aromatic, gray-green leaves.
Spikelike racemes of violet to lavender-blue
flowers are borne from late spring to early
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. leucantha (Mexican bush sage).
Evergreen, erect, well-branched shrub.

H and S to 2ft (60cm) or more. Narrowly
lance-shaped, finely wrinkled leaves are
deep green above, white-downy beneath.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SALVIA

In summer-fall produces terminal spikes of
hairy, white flowers, from woolly, violet
calyces. Z9-11 H12-4.

S. microphylla. 'Cerro Potosi' (illus.
p.155) is an evergreen, erect, well-branched
shrub. H and S 3-4ft (1-1.2m). Has oval to
elliptic, mid- to deep green leaves. Racemes
of magenta flowers, aging to purple and
with purple-tinted calyces, are produced
in late summer and fall. Z12-15 H12-10.
'Kew Red' (illus. p.155) has large, almost
glabrous leaves and large, vivid red
flowers. Z12-15 H12-10. 'La Foux' (illus.
p.155) is similar to S.m. 'Kew Red', but is
more intense in color and has purplish-
black calyces. Z12-15 H12-10. var.
microphylla , syn. S. grahamii, S. neurepia,
illus. p.156. 'Newby Hall' (illus. p.155) has
pale to mid-green leaves and bright red
flowers. Z12-15 H12-10. 'Pink Blush'
(illus. p.155) bears reddish-pink flowers.
Z12-15 H12-10.

S. nemorosa, syn. S. virgata var. nemerosa.
Neat, clump-forming perennial. H 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has narrowly oval,
rough, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
branching racemes densely set with violet-
blue flowers. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Amethyst' (illus.
p.250) has violet flowers, with purple
calyces and bracts. 'Caradonna' (illus.
p.250), H 12in (30cm), has blackish-purple
stems and bracts and bright purple flowers.
'East Friesland'. See S. nemorosa
'Ostfriesland"Lubecca' (illus. p.250),

H 18in (45cm), has pinkish-purple bracts
and deep blue flowers. 'Ostfriesland',
syn. S. nemerosa 'East Friesland' (illus.
p.250), H 2%ft (75cm), is smaller.

S. neurepia. See S. microphylla var.

S microphylla.

S. officinalis (Common sage), illus.
p.155. Evergreen or semievergreen, bushy
shrub. H and S 20in (30cm). Lance-shaped,
downy, aromatic, gray-green leaves are
used as a culinary and medicinal herb.

Lax racemes of purple-blue flowers are
produced in summer. Z5-8 H8-5. 'Alba'.
See S. officinalis 'Albiflora'.'Albiflora',
syn. S. officinalis 'Alba', H 2ft (60cm),

S 3ft (lm), has white flowers.
'Berggarten' (illus. p.155), H 16in (40cm),
has a spreading habit and round-tipped,
silvery-gray leaves. 'Icterina' (illus.
p.155) has gray-green leaves variegated
with pale green and yellow. Occasionally
bears small spikes of purplish flowers
'Purpurascens' (illus. p.155), H 2ft
(60cm), S 3ft (lm), has purple-flushed
leaves when young. Z4-10 H10-1.
'Tricolor' (illus. p.155) has very aromatic,
cream-margined, gray-green leaves;
young leaves are flushed pinkish-purple.
Z7-8H8-1.

S. patens, illus. p.250. Erect, tuberous
perennial often grown as an annual.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Branching stems bear ovate to triangular,
mid-green leaves, spear-shaped at base.
From mid-summer to mid-fall produces
terminal racemes of widely 2-lipped, deep
to pale blue or white flowers. Z8-9 H9-8.
'Cambridge Blue' has pale blue flowers.
S. pratensis. Clump-forming, woody-
based perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm).
Has ovate, wrinkled, toothed, mid-green,
basal leaves. Erect, usually branched,
terminal spikes of violet, blue, pink or white
692 flowers are borne in summer. Z7-10 H10-7.
Haematodes Group, syn. S. haematodes,

S18in (45cm), have wavy-edged, rough,
dark green leaves and lavender-blue
flowers. 'Indigo' (illus. p.250) bears dark
blue flowers. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Pink Delight'
(illus. p.250) produces mid- to deep pink
flowers. Z3-9 H9-1. 'Swan Lake' (illus.
p.250) has pure white flowers. Z3-9 H9-1.

S. sclarea var. turkestanica, illus. p.313.
S. splendens. Slow-growing, bushy
perennial or evergreen subshrub, grown as
an annual. H to 12in (30cm), S 8-12in
(20-30cm). Has oval, toothed, fresh green
leaves, and dense racemes of scarlet flowers
in summer and early fall. Z11-12 HI2-1.
'Blaze of Fire' has brilliant scarlet flowers.
Cleopatra Series are available in mixed
or single colors including salmon-pink and
deep violet-purple flowers. Zll-13 H12-1.
'Rambo', H to 24in (60cm), is very tall,
vigorous, and bushy, with dark green leaves
and scarlet flowers. 'Red Riches', syn.

S. splendens 'Ryco', S12-16in (30-40cm),
has dark green leaves and scarlet flowers.
'Scarlet King' has bright scarlet flowers
in dense, terminal spikes in early summer.
Zll HI 1-10. Sizzler Series 'Sizzler
Salmon Bicolour' has dense racemes of
salmon-tinted, white flowers, with rich
salmon calyces. Vista Series, illus. p.308.
'Ryco'. See S. splendens 'Red Riches'.

S. x superba. Clump-forming, erect,
branched perennial. H 24-36in (60-90cm),

S 18-24in (45-60cm). Leaves are lance¬
shaped to oblong, scalloped and mid¬
green, slightly hairy beneath. Slender,
terminal racemes of bright violet or purple
flowers are produced from mid-summer to
early fall. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. x sylvestris. Clump-forming, erect,
branched perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has lance-shaped to oblong,
scalloped, softly hairy, mid-green leaves.
Dense, terminal racemes of pinkish-violet
flowers are produced from early to mid¬
summer. Z5-9 H9-4. 'Blauhugel' (illus.
p.250), H 18in (45cm), has mid-blue flowers
and purple bracts. Z5-9 H9-4. 'Mainacht',
syn. S. x sylvestris 'May Night' (illus. p.250),

H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm), has violet-blue
flowers in late spring and summer.

'May Night'. See S. x sylvestris 'Mainacht'.
S. uliginosa (Bog sage), illus. p.250.
Upright, branching perennial. H 6ft (2m),

S 18in (45cm). Has oblong to lance-shaped,
deeply toothed, mid-green leaves and, in
fall, long racemes with whorls of bright blue
flowers. Prefers moist soil. Z8-11 H12-7.

S. verticillata. Erect perennial. H 36in
(90cm), S 18in (45cm). Has ovate to elliptic,
deeply toothed, dark green leaves, with
large terminal lobes. Produces branched
racemes with whorls of lilac to violet-
blue, occasionally white, flowers in
summer. 'Purple Rain' (illus. p.250)
produces red-purple stems and flowers.
Z6-8 H8-6.

S. virgata var. nemerosa. See

S. nemorosa.

S. viridis, syn. S. horminum. Moderately
fast-growing, upright, branching annual.

H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oval
leaves. Pink to pale purple flowers,
enclosed by dark-veined, violet bracts, are
borne in spikes at tops of stems in summer
and early fall. H9-1. 'Bouquet', syn.

S. viridis 'Monarch Bouquet' has blue,
rose-pink, white, deep carmine-pink or
purple bracts; also available as single
colors. Zll-15 H12-10. Bracts of Claryssa

Series are in wide range of brilliant colors,
including white, pink, purple and blue.
'Monarch Bouquet'. See S. viridis
'Bouquet'. 'Oxford Blue', H 12in (30cm),
has violet-blue bracts.

SALVINIA

SALVINIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, floating
water ferns, evergreen in tropical
conditions and aquariums. Prefers full light
and warm water. Remove fading foliage,
and thin plants when crowded. Propagate
by division in summer.

S. auriculata. Deciduous, spreading,
perennial, floating water plant, evergreen
in tropical conditions. S indefinite. Has
rounded, pale to mid-green leaves,
sometimes suffused purplish-brown, in
pairs on branching stems. Z14-15 H12-1.

S. natans. Deciduous, perennial, floating
water plant. S indefinite. Oval, elongated,
mid-green leaves are borne on branching
stems. Tolerates colder conditions than
other species and is often used in a cold-
water aquarium.

SAMBUCUS

Elder

CAPRIFOLIACEAE

Genus of perennials, deciduous shrubs and
trees, grown for their foliage, flowers and
fruits. Needs sun and fertile, moist soil. For
best foliage effect, cut all shoots to ground
in winter or prune out old shoots and
reduce length of young shoots by half.
Propagate species by softwood cuttings
in summer, by seed in fall or by hardwood
cuttings in winter, some forms by cuttings
only. ® All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested, although fruits are
safe when cooked; contact with leaves may
irritate skin.

S. canadensis, syn. S. nigra subsp.
canadensis (American elder. Black elder).
Z4-9 H9-1. 'Aurea' is a deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large, golden-
yellow leaves, divided into usually 7 oblong
leaflets. In mid-summer bears large, domed
heads of small, star-shaped, creamy-white
flowers, followed by spherical, red fruits.

S. nigra (Elderberry, European elder,
European red elder). Z6-8 Z6-8. 'Aurea'
(Golden elder) is a deciduous, bushy shrub.
H and S 20ft (6m). Has sturdy, corky shoots
and golden-yellow leaves divided into
usually 5 oval leaflets. Flattened heads
of fragrant, star-shaped, creamy-white
flowers, in early summer, are followed
by spherical, black fruits, subsp.
canadensis. See S. canadensis. Dark green
foliage of f. porphyrophylla 'Guincho
Purple' matures to deep blackish-purple.
Bears purple-stalked flowers, pink in bud
and opening to white within, pink outside.
Z6-8 H8-6.

S. racemosa (Red-berried elder).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Mid-green leaves are divided into usually
5 oval leaflets. Star-shaped, creamy-yellow
flowers, borne in dense, conical clusters in
mid-spring, are followed by spherical, red
fruits. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Plumosa' has leaves
with finely cut leaflets. 'Plumosa Aurea',
illus. p.139.

SANCHEZIA

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mainly summer¬
flowering perennials, shrubs and
scrambling climbers, grown for their
flowers and foliage. Requires full light
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when
in full growth, less at other times. Tip
prune young plants to promote branching.
Propagate by greenwood cuttings in
spring or summer. Is prone to whitefly
and soft scale.

S. nobilis of gardens. See S. speciosa.

S. speciosa, syn. S. nobilis. Evergreen,
erect, soft-stemmed shrub. H 4-7ft
(1.2-2.2m), S 3—5ft (90-150cm). Glossy
leaves have yellow- or white-banded
main veins. Tubular, yellow flowers are
produced in axils of red bracts, in summer.
Z14-15 H12-10.

SANDERSONIA

LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous,
tuberous climber, grown for its urn-shaped
flowers in summer. Needs a sheltered,
sunny site and well-drained soil. Support
with sticks or canes. Lift tubers for winter.
Propagate in spring by seed or by naturally
divided tubers.

S. aurantiaca, illus. p.413.

SANGUINARIA

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of spring-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. Needs sun or partial
shade and rich, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division of rhizomes in
summer or by seed in fall.

S. canadensis, illus. p.348. f. multiplex
'Plena', syn. S. canadensis 'Flore Pleno'
is a clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12-18in (30-
45cm). Has fleshy, underground stems
that exude red sap when cut. Short-lived,
rounded, fully double, white flowers, in
spring, are followed by large, rounded
to heart-shaped, scalloped, gray-green
leaves, with glaucous undersides. 'Flore
Pleno'. See S. canadensis f. multiplex
'Plena'. Z3-9 H9-1.

SANGUISORBA

Burnet

ROSACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
bottlebrushlike flower spikes. Requires
sun and moist soil. Propagate by division
in spring or by seed in fall.

S. canadensis, illus. p.437.

S. obtusa. Clump-forming perennial.

H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Arching stems
bear spikes of rose-crimson flowers in mid¬
summer. Pairs of oval leaflets are pale green
above, blue-green beneath. Z4-8 H8-3.

S. officinalis (Greater burnet). Z4-7 H8-3.
'Rubra' is a clump-forming perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces small
spikes of red-brown flowers in late
summer. Mid-green leaves are divided
into oval leaflets. Z3-8 H8-1.

S. tenuifolia 'Alba', illus. p.216.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

SANSEVIERIA

AGAVACEAE/DRACAENACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, rhizomatous
perennials, grown for their rosettes of
stiff, fleshy leaves. Needs sun and tolerates
most soil conditions if not over-watered.
Propagate by leaf cuttings or division in
summer.

S. cylindrica. Evergreen, stemless,
rhizomatous perennial. H 172-4ft
(45cm-1.2m), S 4in (10cm). Has rosette
of 3-4 cylindrical, erect, stiff, fleshy, dark
green leaves, to 4ft (1.2m) long, with paler
horizontal bands. Racemes of small,
tubular, 6-lobed, pink or white flowers are
occasionally produced. Z12-15 H12-1.

S. trifasciata (Mother-in-law's tongue.
Snake plant). Evergreen, stemless,
rhizomatous perennial. H lV2-4ft
(45cm-1.2m), S 4in (10cm). Has rosette
of about 5 lance-shaped, pointed, erect,
stiff, fleshy leaves, to 4ft (1.2m) long,
banded horizontally with pale green and
yellow. Occasionally produces racemes
of tubular, 6-lobed, green flowers.

Z14-15 H12-1. 'Golden Hahnii', illus.
p.476. 'Hahnii', illus. p.475. 'Laurentii',
illus. p.476.

SANTOLINA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their aromatic foliage
and their buttonlike flower heads. Needs
sun and not too rich, well-drained soil.

Cut off old flower heads and reduce long
shoots in fall. Cut straggly plants back
hard each spring. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

S. chamaecyparissus, syn. S. incana
(Lavender cotton). Evergreen, rounded,
dense shrub. H 2Vzft (75cm), S 3ft (lm).
Shoots are covered with woolly, white
growth, and narrowly oblong, finely
toothed leaves are also white. Bright
yellow flower heads are borne in mid-
and late summer.

S. incana. See S. chamaecyparissus.

S. neapolitana. See S. pinnata subsp.
neapolitana.

S. pinnata. Evergreen shrub mainly
grown as Z9-11 H12-9. subsp.
neapolitana, syn. S. neapolitana, which is
of rounded and bushy habit. H 272ft (75cm),
S 3ft (lm). Slender flower stems bear head
of lemon-yellow flowers in mid-summer,
amid feathery, deeply cut, gray-green
leaves, subsp. neapolitana 'Sulphurea',
illus. p.159.

S. rosmarinifolia, syn. S. virens.
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 2ft
(60cm), S 3ft (lm). Has finely cut, bright
green leaves. Slender stem produces head
of bright yellow flowers in mid-summer.
Z6-9 H9-6. 'Primrose Gem' has pale
yellow flower heads.

S. virens. See S. rosmarinifolia.

SANVITALIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials and annuals. Needs
sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall.

S. procumbens, illus. p.320. 'Mandarin
Orange', illus. p.324.

SAPIUM

EUPHORBIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
ornamental appearance. Prefers full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
less at other times. Pruning is tolerated,
if necessary. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. ® All
parts may cause severe discomfort if
ingested; contact with their poisonous,
milky sap may irritate skin.

S. sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree.
Vegetable tallow tree). Fast-growing,
evergreen, erect to spreading tree. H to 25ft
(8m), S 12ft (4m) or more. Rhombic to oval,
mid-green leaves turn red with age.

Clusters of tiny, greenish-yellow flowers
develop into rounded, black fruits covered
by layer of white wax. Z8-10 H10-8.

SAPONARIA

Soapwort

CARYOPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
perennials, grown for their flowers. Is good
for rock gardens, screes and banks. Needs
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or fall or by softwood
cuttings in early summer.

S. 'Bressingham', syn. S. 'Bressingham
Hybrid'. Loose, mat-forming perennial.

H 3in (8cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small,
narrowly oval leaves. Flattish, deep vibrant
pink flowers are borne in clustered heads in
summer. Is good for a trough. Z4-8 H8-1.

S. 'Bressingham Hybrid'. See S.
'Bressingham'.

S. caespitosa, illus. p.364.

S. ocymoides, illus. p.364.

S. officinalis 'Rubra Plena'. Upright
perennial. H to 3ft (lm), S 1ft (30cm). Has
oval, rough, mid-green leaves on erect
stems. Clusters of ragged, double, red
flowers are produced on upper part of
flower stems in summer. Z3-9 H9-1.

S. x olivana, illus. p.362.

SARCOCAPNOS

PAPAVERACEAE/FUMARIACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials. Is
useful for rock gardens. Prefers sun and
well-drained, alkaline soil. Propagate by
seed in spring.

S. enneaphylla. Loose, upright perennial.
H and S 6in (15cm). Slender, much-
branched stems bear small, divided,
glaucous green leaves with oval to rounded
segments. In spring, small, spurred,
yellowish-white flowers, tipped with
purple, are produced in short racemes.
Protect from winter wet. Z6-8 H8-6.

SARCOCOCCA

Christmas box. Sweet box
BUXACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their foliage, fragrant, winter flowers and
spherical fruits. Flowers are tiny—the only
conspicuous part being the anthers. Is
useful for cutting in winter. Prefers deep
or partial shade and fertile, not too dry soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

S. confusa, illus. p.142. Evergreen, bushy.

dense shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Leaves are
small, oval, taper-pointed, glossy and dark
green. Has tiny, white flowers, in winter,
followed by black fruits. Z6-9 H9-6.

S. hookeriana. Evergreen, upright,
dense, suckering shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft
(2m). Forms clumps of narrowly oblong,
pointed, dark green leaves. Tiny, white
flowers are produced in leaf axils in winter.
Fruits are black. Z6-9 H9-6. var. digyna,
illus. p.164. var. digyna 'Purple Stem'
has young shoots flushed dark purple-pink,
and pink-tinged flowers, var. humilis.

See S. humilis.

S. humilis, syn. S. hookeriana var. humilis,
illus. p.164.

S. ruscifolia. Evergreen, upright,
arching shrub. H and S 3ft (lm). Has oval,
glossy, dark green leaves and, in winter,
creamy-white flowers, followed by red
fruits. Z8-9 H9-7. var. chinensis has
narrower leaves.

SARMIENTA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
stemmed, scrambling or trailing perennial.
Is suitable for hanging baskets. Needs
partial shade and rich soil that does not dry
out. Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
cuttings in summer or fall.

S. repens, syn. S. scandens. Evergreen,
slender-stemmed, scrambling perennial.

H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Tips of oval
leaves have 3-5 teeth. In summer produces
small, tubular, coral-pink flowers,
narrowed at the base and towards mouth,
which has 5 deeper pink lobes.

S. scandens. See S. repens.

SARRACENIA

Pitcher plant

SARRACENIACEAE ~

Genus of insectivorous perennials, some of
which are evergreen, with pitchers formed
from modified leaves with hooded tops.
Needs sun or partial shade and rich, moist
but very well-drained, acid soil. Keep very
wet, except in winter, when drier conditions
are needed. Propagate by seed in spring.

S. flava, illus. p.445.

S. purpurea, illus. p.439.

SASA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. albomarginata. See S. veitchii.

S. palmata. Evergreen, spreading
bamboo. H 6ft (2m), S indefinite. Produces
broadly elliptic, rich green leaves, to 16in
(40cm) long. Hollow, purple-streaked stems
have one branch at each node. Flower
spikes are unimportant. Z7-11 H12-7.

S. veitchii, syn. S. albomarginata, illus. p.284.

SASSAFRAS

LAURACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, with
inconspicuous flowers, grown for their
aromatic foliage. Needs sun or partial
shade and deep, fertile, well-drained,
preferably acid soil. Propagate by seed or
suckers in fall or by root cuttings in winter.
S. albidum, illus. p.64.

SAXIFRAGA

SATUREJA

LABIATAE/LAM IACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
semievergreen perennials and subshrubs,
grown for their flowers and highly
aromatic leaves. Is useful for rock gardens
and dry banks. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in winter or spring
or by softwood cuttings in summer.

S. montana (Winter savory).
Semievergreen, upright perennial or
subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S 8in (20cm) or
more. Leaves are linear to oval, aromatic
and green or grayish-green. Produces
loose whorls of tubular, 2-lipped, lavender
flowers in summer. Z5-8 H12-1. 'Prostrate
White', H 3-6in (7-15cm), has a prostrate
habit and bears white flowers.

SAUROMATUM

ARACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering, tuberous
perennials, grown for their tubular spathes
that expand into waved, twisted blades.
Tubers will flower without soil or moisture,
and before leaves appear. Needs a
sheltered, partially shaded position and
rich, well-drained soil. Water well in
summer. Dry off or lift when dormant in
winter. Propagate by offsets in spring.

S. guttatum. See S. venosum.

S. venosum, syn. S. guttatum, illus. p.403.

SAURURUS

SAURURACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, bog and
marginal water plants, grown for
their foliage. Prefers full sun, but tolerates
some shade. Remove faded leaves and
divide plants as required to maintain vigor.
Propagate by division in spring.

S. cernuus, illus. p.435.

SAXEGOTHAEA

PODOCARPACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

S. conspicua (Prince Albert's yew). Conifer
that is conical to bushy in mild areas, more
bushy in cold districts. H 15-50ft (5-15m),

S 12-15ft (4-5m). Needlelike, flattened, dark
green leaves are produced in whorls at ends
of shoots. Bears globose, fleshy, glaucous
green cones. Z8-10 H10-8.

SAXIFRAGA

Saxifrage

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Genus of often rosetted perennials, most
of which are evergreen or semievergreen,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Is
excellent in rock gardens, raised beds and
alpine houses. Propagate by seed in fall or
by rooted offsets in winter. For cultivation,
saxifrages may be grouped as follows:

1— Needs moist soil and protection from
midday sun.

2— Needs partial shade and well-drained
soil. Is good among rocks and screes.

3— Thrives in well-drained rock pockets,
troughs, alpine-house pans etc, shaded
from midday sun. Must never be dry at
roots. Most form tight cushions and flower
in early spring, flower stems being barely
visible above leaves.

693

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SAXIFRAGA

4—Needs full sun and well-drained, alkaline
soil. Suits rock pockets. Most have hard
leaves encrusted in lime.

S. aizoides. Evergreen perennial forming
a loose mat. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm) or
more. Has small, narrowly oval, fleshy,
shiny, green leaves and, in spring-summer,
terminal racemes of star-shaped, bright
yellow or orange flowers, often spotted
red, on hairy stems. Cultivation group 1.
Zl-6 H6-1.

S. aizoon. See S. paniculata.

S. x anglica 'Cranbourne', syn.

S. 'Cranbourne'. Evergreen, cushion¬
forming perennial. H and S 5in (12cm).

In early spring produces solitary, cup¬
shaped, bright purplish-lilac flowers on
short stems just above tight rosettes of
linear, green leaves. Flower stems are
longer if plant is grown in an alpine house.
Cultivation group 3. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. x apiculata 'Gregor Mendel', syn.

S. 'Gregor Mendel', illus. p.357; cultivation
group 2.

S. 'Arco'. See S. x arco-valleyi 'Arco'.

S. x arco-valleyi 'Arco', syn. S. Arco'.
Evergreen perennial forming a tight
cushion. H and S 4in (10cm). In early spring
produces upturned, cup-shaped to flattish,
pale lilac flowers almost resting on tight
rosettes of oblong to linear leaves.
Cultivation group 3. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. 'Bob Hawkins'. Evergreen perennial
with a loose rosette of leaves. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S 6in (15cm). Bears small,
upturned, rounded, greenish-white
flowers in summer on upright stems.

Oval, green leaves are white-splashed.
Cultivation group 1. Z6-8 H8-6.

S S.x boydii 'Hindhead Seedling', illus.
p.356; cultivation group 2.

S. 'Brookside'. See S. burseriana
'Brookside'.

S. brunoniana. See S. brunonis.

S. brunonis , syn. S. brunoniana.
Semievergreen, rosetted perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 8in (20cm). Small, soft green
rosettes of lance-shaped, rigid leaves
produce masses of long, threadlike, red
runners. Many of the rosettes die down
to large terminal buds in winter. Short
racemes of 5-petaled, spreading, pale
yellow flowers are produced in late spring
and summer. Is difficult to grow; cultivation
group 1. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. burseriana , illus. p.348. Cultivation
group 3. Z6-8 H8-6. 'Brookside', syn.

S. 'Brookside' is a slow-growing, evergreen
perennial forming a hard cushion. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S to 4in (10cm). Has broadly
linear, spiky, gray-green leaves. In early
spring bears upturned, rounded, shallowly
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers on short,
red stems. Flowers of 'Crenata', syn.

S. 'Crenata' have fringed, white petals and
red sepals. 'Gloria', syn. S. 'Gloria' has
dark reddish-brown stems, bearing 1 or 2
flowers, with red sepals and white petals,
in late spring.

S. callosa , syn. S. linguata, illus. p.337;
cultivation group 4.

S. cochlearis. Evergreen, rosetted
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S lOin (25cm). Has
spoon-shaped, green leaves with white-
encrusted edges. Produces loose panicles
of rounded, white flowers, often with red-
— spotted petals, in early summer. Cultivation
694 group 4. Z7-8 H8-7. 'Minor', H and S 5in
_ (12cm), has smaller leaf rosettes and loose

panicles of red-spotted, white flowers on
red stems. Is ideal for a trough.

S. cortusifolia var. fortunei. See

S. fortunei.

S. cotyledon. Evergreen perennial.

H and S to 12in (30cm). Has large rosettes
of oblong to inversely lance-shaped, pale
green leaves, which die after flowering.

In late spring and early summer produces
arching, conical panicles of cup-shaped,
white flowers, sometimes strongly
marked red internally. Cultivation
group 2. Z4-6 H6-1.

S. 'Cranbourne'. See S. x anglica
'Cranbourne'.

S. 'Crenata'. See S. burseriana 'Crenata'.
S. cuneifolia, illus. p.337. Cultivation
group 1.

S. x elisabethae, syn. S. 'Elisabethae',
illus. p.357. Cultivation group 2.

S. exarata subsp. moschata. Evergreen
perennial forming a loose to tight hummock.
H and S 4in (10cm). Rosettes comprise small,
lance-shaped, sometimes 3-toothed, green
leaves. Bears 2-5 star-shaped, creamy-white
or dull yellow flowers, on slender stems, in
summer. Cultivation group 1. Z5-7 H7-5.
subsp. moschata 'Cloth of Gold', illus.
p.377.

S. federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii
'Wisley Variety', syn. S. grisebachii 'Wisley
Variety', illus. p.353. Cultivation group 4.

S. ferdinandi-coburgi. Evergreen,
cushion-forming perennial. H and S 6in
(15cm). Forms rosettes of linear, spiny,
glaucous green leaves and, in early spring,
bears racemes of open cup-shaped, rich
yellow flowers on red-tinged stems.
Cultivation group 3. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. fortunei, syn. S. cortusifolia var.
fortunei. Semievergreen or herbaceous,
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has rounded, 5- or 7-lobed, fleshy,
green or brownish-green leaves, red
beneath. In fall produces panicles of tiny,
mothlike, white flowers, with 4 equal¬
sized petals and 1 elongated petal, on
upright stems. Propagate by division in
spring. Cultivation group 1. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Rubrifolia' has dark red flower stems
and dark reddish-green leaves, beetroot-
red beneath.

S. x geum. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 12in (30cm).
Has shallow-rooted rosettes of spoon¬
shaped, hairy leaves. In summer, star¬
shaped, pink-spotted, white flowers, deep
pink in bud, are borne on loose panicles
on slender stems. Cultivation group 1.

Z6-8 H8-6.

S. 'Gloria'. See S. burseriana 'Gloria'.

S. granulata, illus. p.332; cultivation
group 1. 'Plena' is a clump-forming
perennial. H 9-15in (23-38cm), S to 6in
(15cm) or more. Kidney-shaped, glossy,
pale to mid-green leaves die down soon
after flowering. Has loose panicle of large,
rounded, double, white flowers in late
spring or early summer. Bulbils or resting
buds form at base of foliage.

S. 'Gregor Mendel'. See S. x apiculata
'Gregor Mendel'.

S. grisebachii 'Wisley Variety'. See

S. federici-augusti subsp. grisebachii' Wisley
Variety'.

S. hirsuta. Evergreen, mound-forming
perennial. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8in (20cm).
Has rosettes of rounded, hairy leaves.

Bears loose panicles of tiny, star-shaped.

white flowers, often yellow-spotted at petal
bases, in late spring and early summer.
Cultivation group 1. Z2-6 H6-1.

S. x irvingii 'Jenkinsiae', syn.

S. 'Jenkinsiae', illus. p.350. Cultivation
group 3. 'Walter Irving', is a very slow-
growing, evergreen, hard-domed
perennial. H 3 Ain (2cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears
minute leaves in rosettes. Stemless, cup¬
shaped, lilac-pink flowers are borne in
early spring.

S. 'Jenkinsiae'. See S. x irvingii
'Jenkinsiae'.

S. linguata. See S. callosa.

S. longifolia. Rosetted perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Has
long, narrow, lime-encrusted leaves. After
3-4 years develops long, arching, conical
to cylindrical panicles bearing numerous
rounded, 5-petaled, white flowers in late
spring and summer. Rosettes die after
flowering, and no daughter rosettes are
formed, so propagate by seed in spring
or fall. In cultivation, hybridizes readily
with other related species. Cultivation
group 4. Z6-7 H7-6.

S. oppositifolia, illus. p.353; cultivation
group 1. 'Ruth Draper' is an evergreen,
loose mat-forming perennial. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S 6in (15cm). Has small, opposite,
oblong to oval, white-flecked, dark green
leaves closely set along prostrate stems.
Large, cup-shaped, deep purple-pink
flowers are borne in early spring just above
foliage. Prefers peaty soil.

S. paniculata, syn. S. aizoon. Evergreen,
tightly rosetted perennial. H 6-12in
(15-30cm), S 8in (20cm). In summer
produces loose panicles of rounded, usually
white flowers, with or without purplish-red
spots, on upright stems above rosettes of
oblong to oval, lime-encrusted leaves. Is
very variable in size. Pale yellow or pale
pink forms also occur. Cultivation group 4.
Z2-6H6-1.

S. x primulaize, syn. S. 'Primulaize'.
Evergreen, loosely rosetted perennial.

H and S 6in (15cm). In summer, branched
flower stems produce star-shaped, salmon-
pink flowers. Leaves are tiny, narrowly
oval, slightly indented and fleshy.
Cultivation group 1. Z6-7 H7-6.

S. sancta, illus. p.358. Cultivation group 2.
S. sarmentosa. See S. stolonifera.

S. scardica, illus. p.348. Cultivation
group 3.

S. sempervivum, illus. p.353. Cultivation
group 3.

S. 'Southside Seedling', illus. p.338.
Cultivation group 4.

S. stolonifera, syn. S. sarmentosa (Mother
of thousands). Evergreen, prostrate
perennial with runners. H 6in (15cm) or
more, S 12in (30cm) or more. Has large,
rounded, shallowly lobed, hairy, silver-
veined, olive-green leaves, reddish-purple
beneath. Loose panicles of tiny, mothlike,
white flowers, with 4 equal-sized petals
and 1 elongated petal, are borne in summer
on slender, upright stems. Makes good
groundcover. Cultivation group 1. Z7-9
H9-5. 'Tricolor', syn. S. 'Tricolor'
(Strawberry geranium) has green-and-red
leaves with silver marks. Cultivation group 1.
S. stribrnyi, illus. p.354. Cultivation
group 3.

S. "Tricolor'. See S. stolonifera 'Tricolor'.

S. 'Tumbling Waters', illus. p.333.
Cultivation group 4.

S. x urbium (London pride). Evergreen,
rosetted, spreading perennial. H 12in
(30cm), S indefinite. Has spoon-shaped,
toothed, leathery, green leaves. Flower
stems bear tiny, star-shaped, at times pink-
flushed, white flowers, with red spots,
in summer. Is useful as groundcover.
Cultivation group 1. Z6-7 H7-6.

S. 'Valerie Finnis'. Evergreen, hard
cushion-forming perennial. H and S 4in
(10cm). Short, red stems bear upturned,
cup-shaped, sulfur-yellow flowers above
tight rosettes of oval, green leaves in
spring. Cultivation group 3. Z7-10 H10-7.

SCABIOSA

Scabious

DIPSACACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, some
of which are evergreen, grown for their
flower heads, which are good for cutting.
Prefers sun and fertile, well-drained,
alkaline soil. Propagate annuals by seed
in spring, perennials by cuttings of young,
basal growths in summer, by seed in fall
or by division in early spring.

S. arvensis. See Knautia arvensis.

S. atropurpurea (Pincushion flower.

Sweet scabious). Moderately fast-growing,
upright, bushy annual. H to 3ft (lm),

S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has lance-shaped,
lobed, mid-green leaves. Domed heads of
scented, pincushionlike, deep crimson
flower heads are produced on wiry stems in
summer and early fall. Tall forms, 3ft (lm),
and dwarf, H 18in (45cm), are available with
flower heads in shades of blue, purple, red,
pink or white. Z4-U H8-3.

S. caucasica 'Floral Queen' is a clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).
Large, frilled, violet-blue flower heads,
with pincushionlike centers, are produced
throughout summer. Light green leaves
are lance-shaped at base of plant and
segmented on stems. 'Clive Greaves',
illus. p.271. 'Miss Willmott' has creamy-
white flowers.

S. columbaria var. ochroleuca. See

S. ochroleuca.

S. graminifolia. Evergreen, clump¬
forming perennial, often with woody base.
H and S 6-10in (15-25cm). Has tufts of
narrow, grasslike, pointed, silver-haired
leaves. In summer produces stiff stems with
spherical, bluish-violet to lilac flower heads
like pincushions. Resents disturbance. Is
suitable for a rock garden. Z5-7 H7-5.

S. lucida, illus. p.341.

S. ochroleuca, syn. S. columbaria var.
ochroleuca. Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 3ft (lm). In late summer, branching
stems bear many frilled, sulfur-yellow
flower heads, with pincushionlike centers.
Has narrowly oval, toothed, gray-green
leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

S. rumelica. See Knautia macedonica.

SCADOXUS

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of bulbs, grown for their dense,
mainly spherical, umbels of red flowers.
Requires partial shade and rich, well-
drained soil. Reduce watering in winter,
when not in active growth. Propagate by
seed or offsets in spring.

S. multiflorus, syn. Haemanthus
multiflorus. Summer-flowering bulb. H to

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

28in (70cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has
broadly lance-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves. Produces spherical umbel of up
to 200 narrow-petaled flowers. Z14-15
H12-10. subsp. katherinae, syn.
Haemanthus katherinae, illus. p.386.

S. puniceus, syn. Haemanthus magnificus,
Haemanthus natalensis, Haemanthus
puniceus (Giant stove bush). Spring- and
summer-flowering bulb. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Has elliptic,
semierect leaves in basal cluster. Leaf bases
are joined, forming a false stem. Flower
stem bears up to 100 tubular, orange-red
flowers in conical umbel surrounded by
whorl of red bracts. Z13-15 H12-1.

SCAEVOLA

GOODENIACEAE ~

Genus of short-lived, mainly evergreen
perennials but also scrambling climbers,
shrubs and small trees, grown for summer
display, usually in containers. Needs sun or
partial shade and moist but well-drained,
fertile soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in late spring or summer.

S. aemula 'Little Wonder'. Evergreen,
trailing, bushy perennial, grown as an
annual. H 12in (30cm), S 16in (40cm). Has
spoon-shaped, rich green leaves. In
summer produces 5-lobed, blue flowers,
with yellow ring round white throat.

SCHEFFLERA

syn. BRASSAIA, HEPTAPLEURUM

ARALIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown mainly for their foliage. Needs
full light or partial shade and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Pruning is
tolerated, if needed. Propagate by air¬
layering in spring, by semiripe cuttings
in summer or by seed as soon as ripe, in
late summer.

S. actinophylla, illus. p.452.

S. arboricola. Evergreen, erect, well-
branched shrub or tree. H 6-15ft (2-5m),

S 3-1 Oft (l-3m). Leaves are divided into
7-16 oval, stalked, glossy, deep green
leaflets. Mature plants bear small, spherical
heads of tiny, green flowers in spring-
summer. Zll-12 H12-1.

S. digitata. Evergreen, rounded to ovoid
shrub or bushy tree. H and S 10-25ft (3-8m).
Leaves are hand-shaped, divided into 5-10
oval, glossy, rich green leaflets. Has tiny,
greenish flowers in large, terminal panicles,
in spring, followed by tiny, globular, dark
violet fruits in fall. Zll-12 H12-1.

S. elegantissima, syn. Aralia
elegantissima, Dizygotheca elegantissima,
illus. p.457.

SCHIMA

THEACEAE ~

Genus of one species of very variable,
evergreen tree or shrub, grown for its
foliage and flowers. Is related to Camellia.
Prefers sun or partial shade and rich, well-
drained, neutral to acid soil. Water container
plants freely in full growth, moderately
at other times. Pruning is tolerated, if
necessary. Propagate by seed as soon as
ripe or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. wallichii. Robust, evergreen, ovoid
tree or shrub. H 80-100ft (25-30m),

S 40ft (12m) or more. Elliptic to oblong,
red-veined, dark green leaves are 4-7in
(10-18cm) long, red-flushed beneath. In
late summer has solitary, fragrant, cup¬
shaped, white flowers, lVzin (4cm) wide,
red-flushed in bud. Z9-10 H10-9.

SCHINUS

ANACARDIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown mainly for their foliage and for
shade. Needs full light and well-drained
soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in growth, hardly at all
in winter. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. molle (Pepper tree, Peruvian mastic
tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, weeping
tree. H and S to 25ft (8m). Fernlike
leaves are divided into many narrowly
lance-shaped, glossy, rich green leaflets.
Has open clusters of tiny, yellow flowers,
from late winter to summer, followed
by pea-sized, pink-red fruits. Z8-11
H12-8.

S. terebinthifolius. Evergreen shrub or
tree, usually of bushy, spreading habit.

H 10ft (3m) or more, S 6-1 Oft (2-3m) or
more. Leaves have 3-13 oval, mid- to deep
green leaflets. Tiny, white flowers, borne
in clusters in summer-fall, are followed by
pea-sized, red fruits, but only if plants of
both sexes are grown close together. Z9-11
H12-9.

SCHISANDRA

SCHISANDRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers. Separate male and
female plants are required in order
to obtain fruits. Is useful for growing
against shady walls and training up
pillars and fences. Needs sun or partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Propagate by greenwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer.

S. grandiflora var. rubrifolia of
gardens. See S. rubriflora.

S. henryi. Deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H 10-12ft (3-4m). Stems
are angled and winged when young.
Glossy, green leaves are oval or heart-
shaped. Small, cup-shaped, white flowers
are produced in spring. Pendent spikes,
2-3in (5-7cm) long, of spherical, fleshy,
red fruits are borne in late summer on
female plants. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. rubriflora, syn. S. grandiflora var.
rubrifolia, illus. p.202.

SCHIZANTHUS

Butterfly flower ■ Poor man's orchid
SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their showy
flowers. Makes excellent pot plants. Needs
a sunny, sheltered position and fertile, well-
drained soil. Pinch out growing tips of
young plants to ensure a bushy habit.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in
early spring for summer-fall flowers and in
late summer for plants to flower in pots in
late winter or spring. Is prone to damage
by aphids.

S. 'Dwarf Bouquet', illus. p.304.

S. pinnatus. Moderately fast-growing,
upright, bushy annual. H 1—4ft (30cm-1.2m),
S 1ft (30cm). Has feathery, light green
leaves. In summer-fall bears rounded,
lobed, multicolored flowers in shades of
pink, purple, white or yellow. Z12-15 H8-1.
S. 'Star Parade'. Compact annual with
pyramidal habit. H 8-10in (20-25cm),

S 9-12in (23-30cm). Has almost fernlike,
light green leaves. From spring to fall bears
tubular then flared, 2-lipped, white, yellow,
pink, purple or red flowers. Z12-15 H8-1.

Schizocentron elegans. See

Heterocentron elegans.

SCHIZOPETALON

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE

Genus of slender-stemmed, hairy annuals.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed sown under glass in
spring.

S. walkeri. Moderately fast-growing,
upright, slightly branching annual. H 18in
(45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has deeply divided,
mid-green leaves and, in summer, almond-
scented, white flowers with deeply cut and
fringed petals. H8-1.

SCHIZOPHRAGMA

HYDRANGEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
root climbers, useful for training up large
trees. Flowers best in sun, but will grow
against a north-facing wall. Needs well-
drained soil. Tie young plants to supports.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
greenwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
S. hydrangeoides, illus. p.197. 'Roseum'
is a deciduous, woody-stemmed, root
climber. H to 40ft (12m). Has broadly oval
leaves. Small, white or creamy-white
flowers, in flat heads, 8-10in (20-25cm)
across, are produced on pendent side-
branches in summer; these are surrounded
by marginal, sterile flowers, with bractlike,
pink-flushed, pale yellow sepals. Z6-9 H9-6.
S. integrifolium , illus. p.197.

S. viburnoides. See Pileostegia
vibumoides.

SCHIZOSTYLIS

1RIDACEAE

Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown
for their flowers, which are excellent for
cutting. Requires sun and fertile, moist soil.
Propagate by division in spring.

S. coccinea, syn. Hesperantha coccinea.
Z7-9 H9-7. 'Grandiflora'. See S. coccinea
'Major'. 'Major', syn. S. coccinea
'Grandiflora', illus. p.279. 'Mrs. Hegarty'
is a vigorous, clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 9-12in (23—
30cm). In mid-fall produces spikes of
shallowly cup-shaped, pale pink flowers
above tufts of grasslike, mid-green leaves.
'Sunrise', illus. p.278. 'Viscountess Byng'
has pink flowers that last until late fall.

SCHLUMBERGERA

CACTACEAE

Genus of bushy, perennial cacti with erect,
then pendent stems and flattened, oblong
stem segments with indented notches at
margins—like teeth in some species. Stem
tips produce flowers with prominent

SCILLA

stigmas and stamens and with petals
of different lengths set in 2 rows. In the
wild, frequently grows over mossy rocks,
rooting at ends of stem segments. Requires
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or
early summer.

S. 'Bristol Beauty', illus. p.488.

S. x buckleyi (Christmas cactus). Erect,
then pendent, perennial cactus. H 6in
(15cm), S 3ft (lm). Has glossy, green stem
segments and produces red-violet flowers
in mid-winter. Zll-12 H12-1.

S. 'Gold Charm', illus. p.486.

S. truncata, syn. Zygocactus truncatus,
illus. p.487.

S. 'Wintermarchen'. Erect, then pendent,
perennial cactus. H 6in (15cm), S 12in
(30cm). Has glossy, green stem segments. In
early fall bears white flowers that become
pink-and-white in winter. Z13-15 H12-10.

S. 'Zara'. Erect, then pendent, perennial
cactus. H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
glossy, green stem segments. Deep orange-
red flowers are produced in early fall and
winter. Z13-15 H12-10.

SCHOENOPLECTUS

CYPERACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani
'Zebrinus', syn. Scirpus lacustris var.
tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus', Scirpus
tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus', illus. p.436.

SCHWANTESIA

AIZOACEAE S

Genus of cushion-forming, perennial
succulents, grown for their stemless
rosettes of unequal-sized pairs of keeled
leaves and daisylike, yellow flowers. Needs
full sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

S. ruedebuschii , illus. p.491.

SCIADOPITYS

SCIADOPITYACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

S. verticillata, illus. p.101.

SCILLA

LI L1ACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE ~

Genus of mainly spring- and summer¬
flowering bulbs, with leaves in basal
clusters, grown for their spikes of small,
often blue flowers. Needs an open site,
sun or partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in late summer or
by seed in fall.

S. adlamii. See Ledebouria cooperi.

S. bifolia. Early spring-flowering bulb.

H 2-6in (5-15cm), S l-2in (2.5-5cm). Has 2
narrowly strap-shaped, semierect, basal
leaves that widen towards tips. Stem bears
one-sided spike of up to 20 star-shaped,
purple-blue, pink or white flowers. Z3-8
H8-1.

S. campanulata. See Hyacinthoides x
massartiana.

S. chinensis. See S. scilloides.

S. cooperi. See Ledebouria cooperi.

S. hispanica. See Hyacinthoides x
massartiana. 695

S. italica. See Hyacinthoides italica.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SCINDAPSUS

S. japonica. See S. scilloides.

S. litardierei, syn. S. pratensis. Clump-
forming, early summer-flowering bulb.

H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).
Produces up to 5 narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves. Stem bears dense
spike of flat, star-shaped, violet flowers.
Z6-9 H9-6.

S. mischtschenkoana, syn. S.
tubergeniana, S. 'Tubergeniana', illus. p.420.
S. non-scripta. See Hyacinthoides non-
scripta.

S. nutans. See Hyacinthoides non-scripta.
S. peruviana, illus. p.423.

S. pratensis. See S. litardierei.

S. scilloides, syn. S. chinensis, S. japonica,
illus. p.413.

S. siberica (Siberian squill. Spring squill).
Z5-8 H8-5. 'Alba', illus. p.416.
'Atrocoerulea', illus. p.420.

S. socialis. See Ledehouria socialis.

S. tubergeniana. See
S. mischtschenkoana.

S. 'Tubergeniana'. See
S. mischtschenkoana.

S. violacea. See Ledebouria socialis.

SCINDAPSUS

ARACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen climbers, closely
related to Epipremnum and grown for
their pointed-tipped leaves. Is good as
houseplants. Requires partial shade and
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Water
well in growing season, sparingly at other
times. Propagate by stem-tip cuttings
in summer or by layering in spring and
summer.

S. aureus 'Marble Queen'. See

Epipremnum aureum 'Marble Queen'.

S. pictus 'Argyraeus', syn. Epipremnum
pictum 'Argyraeum' (Silver vine). Slow-
growing, evergreen, woody-stemmed, root
climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m) or more. Heart-
shaped leaves are dark green with silver
markings.

SCIRPOIDES

CYPERACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. holoschoenus, syn. Scirpus
holoschoenus (Round-headed club-rush).
Z6-9 H9-6. 'Variegatus' is an evergreen,
tuft-forming, perennial rush. H 3ft (lm),

S 172ft (45cm). Rounded, leafless, green
stems are striped horizontally with cream
and bear long-stalked, dense, spherical
heads of egg-shaped, awned, brown
spikelets, from mid-summer to early fall.

Scirpus holoschoenus. See Scirpoides
holoschoenus.

Scirpus lacustris var.
tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'. See

Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp.
tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'.

Scirpus setaceus. See Isolepis setaceus.

Scirpus tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'.

See Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp.
tabernaemontani 'Zebrinus'.

SCLEROCACTUS

CACTACEAE

696

Genus of perennial cacti, grown for their
depressed-spherical to club-shaped or
columnar stems, each with a long, fleshy

tap root and deeply notched or warty ribs.
Needs full sun with some midday shade
and very well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring.

S. scheeri, syn. Ancistrocactus
megarhizus, Ancistrocactus scheeri,
Echinocactus scheeri, illus. p.495.

S. uncinatus, syn. Ancistrocactus
uncinatus, Echinocactus uncinatus,
Glandulicactus uncinatus, Hamatocactus
uncinatus. Globose to columnar, perennial
cactus. H 8in (20cm), S 4in (10cm). Stem is
blue-green. Areoles produce 1-4 very long,
hooked, reddish spines and 15-18 straight
ones. Has cup-shaped, brown-green or
reddish flowers, 3 Ain (2cm) across, in
spring. Z13-15 H12-10.

SCOLIOPUS

LILIACEAE/TRILL1ACEAE

Genus of spring-flowering perennials,
grown for their neat habit and curious
flowers, which arise directly from buds
on the rootstock early in the season. Is
suitable for alpine houses, rock gardens
and peat beds. Requires sun or partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed when fresh, in
summer or fall.

S. bigelovii. See S. bigelowii.

S. bigelowii, syn. S. bigelovii, illus. p.349.

Scolopendrium vulgare. See

Asplenium scolopendrium.

SCOPOLIA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering perennials.
Prefers shade and fertile, very well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or
by seed in fall. (D All parts are highly toxic
if ingested.

S. carniolica, illus. p.260.

SCROPHULARIA

Figwort

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of perennials and subshrubs, some
of which are semievergreen or evergreen.
Most species are weeds, but some are
grown for their variegated foliage. Prefers
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by softwood cuttings
in summer.

S. aquatica 'Variegata'. See S. auriculata
'Variegata'.

S. auriculata 'Variegata', syn. S.
aquatica 'Variegata' (Water figwort).
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has
oval, toothed, dark green leaves with cream
marks. Remove spikes of insignificant
summer flowers. Z5-9 H9-5.

SCUTELLARIA

Skullcap

LABIATAE/LAM1ACEAE ~

Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown
for their summer flowers. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

S. indica. Upright, rhizomatous perennial.
H 6-12in (15-30cm), S 4in (10cm) or more.
Leaves are oval, toothed and hairy. Has
dense racemes of long-tubed, 2-lipped,

slate-blue, occasionally white flowers in
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden.

Z6-8 H8-6.

S. orientalis, illus. p.372.

S. scordiifolia. Mat-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) or more.
Bears narrowly oval, wrinkled leaves.

In summer-fall has racemes of tubular,
hooded, purple flowers, with white-
streaked lips. Propagate by division in
spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

SEDUM

Stone crop

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of often fleshy or succulent annuals,
evergreen biennials, mostly evergreen or
semievergreen perennials and evergreen
shrubs and subshrubs, suitable for rock
gardens and borders. Needs sun and
prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
perennials, subshrubs and shrubs by
division or by softwood cuttings of non¬
flowering shoots from spring to mid¬
summer or by seed in fall or spring,
annuals and biennials by seed, sown under
glass in early spring or outdoors in mid¬
spring. ® All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested; contact with
the sap may irritate skin.

S. acre, illus. p.371. 'Aureum', illus. p.371.
S. aizoon, syn. Phedimus aizoon.
Evergreen, erect perennial. H and S 18in
(45cm). Mid-green leaves are oblong to
lance-shaped, fleshy and toothed. In
summer bears flat heads of star-shaped,
yellow flowers. Z3-8 H8-1. 'Aurantiacum'
(illus. p.279) has rounded heads of dark
yellow flowers followed by red seed
capsules.

S. anacampseros, syn. Hylotelephium
anacampseros. Semievergreen, trailing
perennial with overwintering foliage
rosettes. H 4in (10cm), S lOin (25cm)
or more. Prostrate, loosely rosetted,
brown stems bear oblong to oval, fleshy,
glaucous green leaves. Has dense, sub-
globose, terminal heads of small, cup¬
shaped, purplish-pink flowers in summer.
S. 'Bertram Anderson'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
prostrate stems bearing rounded, toothed,
fleshy, dusky-purple leaves. In late summer
bears rounded, flattened, terminal heads of
star-shaped, dark pink flowers.

S. caeruleum, illus. p.315.

S. cauticola, syn. Hylotelephium cauticola.
Trailing, shallow-rooted perennial with
stolons. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Has
oval to oblong, stalked, fleshy, blue-green
leaves on procumbent, purplish-red
stems. Bears leafy, branched, flattish
heads of star-shaped, pale purplish-pink
flowers in early fall. Cut back old stems
in winter.

S. erythrostictum. Clump-forming
perennial. H 16-24in (40-60cm), S 16in
(40cm). Unbranched stems bear oval,
toothed, fleshy, gray-green leaves. In late
summer produces domed, terminal heads
of star-shaped, pink and white flowers,
with leafy bracts. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Frosty
Morn' has variegated, narrowly spoon¬
shaped leaves, edged with white. Flower
heads in late summer also display
variegation. 'Mediovariegatum' (illus.
p.279) bears yellow-green leaves with
central, creamy-white mark.

S. ewersii, syn. Hylotelephium ewersii.
Trailing perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 6in (15cm).
Is similar to S. cauticola, but has more
rounded, stem-clasping leaves, often tinted
red, and dense, rounded flower heads. Z5-9
H9-5.

S. 'Herbstfreude'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in (50cm). Has
oval, toothed, fleshy, gray-green leaves on
sturdy, erect stems. In late summer and fall
bears broad, flattened, terminal heads of
small, star-shaped, brick-red flowers that
fade to brown.

S. heterodontum. See Rhodiola
heterodonta.

S. kamtschaticum, syn. Phedimus
kamtschaticus. Semievergreen, prostrate
perennial with overwintering foliage
rosettes. H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 8in (20cm).
Bears narrowly oval, toothed, fleshy, mid¬
green leaves. Spreading, terminal clusters
of star-shaped, orange-flushed, yellow
flowers are produced in summer-fall. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Variegatum', illus. p.377.

S. lydium, illus. p.374.

S. 'Matrona', illus. p.279. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 20in
(50cm). Has oval, toothed, fleshy, purple-
flushed, brown-green leaves on erect,
dark purple stems. In late summer bears
flattened, terminal heads of small, star¬
shaped, pink flowers. Z3-8 H9-1.

S. morganianum (Burro's tail).

Evergreen, prostrate, succulent perennial.

H 12in (30cm) or more, S indefinite. Stems
are clothed in oblong to lance-shaped,
almost cylindrical, fleshy, waxy, white
leaves. Has terminal clusters of star¬
shaped, rose-pink flowers in summer.
Zll-12 H12-1.

S. obtusatum, illus. p.374.

S. palmeri. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S 12in (30cm).

Bears sprays of star-shaped, yellow or
orange flowers in early summer above
oblong-oval to spoon-shaped, fleshy,
gray-green leaves.

S. populifolium, syn. Hylotelephium
populifolium. Semievergreen, bushy
perennial. H 12-18in (30-45cm), S 12in
(30cm). Terminal clusters of hawthorn-
scented, star-shaped, pale pink or white
flowers are borne in late summer. Has
broadly oval, irregularly toothed, fleshy,
mid-green leaves. Z6-9 H9-6.

S. 'Red Cauli', illus. p.279. Clump-
forming, compact perennial. H 12-16in
(30-4-Ocm), S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed,
fleshy, gray-purple leaves on erect stems.

In summer bears cauliflowerlike, domed,
terminal heads of star-shaped, rich red
flowers.

S. refiexum. See S. rupestre.

S. rosea. See Rhodiola rosea, var.
heterodontum. See Rhodiola heterodonta.
S. 'Ruby Glow', illus. p.279. Clump¬
forming, deciduous perennial with
prostrate stems. H 8in (20cm), S 16in
(40cm), Has elliptic, toothed, fleshy, gray-
purple leaves. In late summer bears loose
terminal heads of star-shaped, pink and
ruby-red flowers. Z5-9 H9-1.

S. rupestre, syn. S. refiexum, illus. p.345.
S. sempervivoides, syn. Prometheum
sempervivoides. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted biennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S 2in
(5cm). Has oval to strap-shaped, leathery,
glaucous green leaves marked red-purple.
Bears domed heads of star-shaped.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

scarlet flowers in summer. Dislikes
winter wet. Is good in an alpine house.
Z9-10 H10-9.

S. sieboldii, syn. Hylotelephium
sieboldii. Z6-9 H9-6.
'Mediovariegatum', syn. S. sieboldii
'Variegatum' is an evergreen, spreading,
tuberous perennial with long, tapering
tap roots. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or
more. Rounded, fleshy, blue-green leaves,
splashed cream and occasionally red-
edged, are in whorls of 3. Bears open,
terminal heads of star-shaped, pink
flowers in late summer. Is good in an
alpine house. 'Variegatum'. See
S. sieboldii 'Mediovariegatum'.

S. spathulifolium, illus. p.374. 'Cape
Blanco', syn. S. spathulifolium 'Cappa
Blanca', illus. p.375. 'Cappa Blanca'.

See S. spathulifolium 'Cape Blanco'.

S. spectabile , syn. Hylotelephium
spectabile (Everlasting, Showy
stonecrop). Clump-forming perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). Has oval, indented,
fleshy, gray-green leaves, above which
flat heads of small, star-shaped, pink
flowers are borne in late summer.

Flowers are attractive to butterflies.

Z4-9 H9-1. 'Brilliant', illus. p.278.
'Iceberg' (illus. p.279) has pale green
leaves and heads of greenish-white
flowers that develop pink tinges with
age. 'Stardust' produces flower heads
that may be white or pink on the same
plant.

S. spurium , syn. Phedimus spurius.
Semievergreen, mat-forming, creeping
perennial. H 4in (10cm) or more,

S indefinite. Oblong to oval, toothed
leaves are borne along hairy stems.

Large, slightly rounded heads of small,
star-shaped flowers are borne in summer.
Flower color varies from deep purple to
white. Z4-9 H9-1.

S. 'Stewed Rhubarb Mountain'.
Clump-forming, compact perennial. H and
S 12in (30cm). Has oval, toothed, fleshy,
pinkish-green leaves on erect stems. In late
summer bears rounded, terminal heads
of star-shaped, pale green, pale pink and
darker pink flowers.

S. tatarinowii, syn. Hylotelephium
tatarinowii. Arching, spreading, tuberous
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Rounded, terminal heads of star-shaped,
pink-flushed, white flowers are produced
in late summer above small, oval, toothed,
green leaves borne along purplish stems.

Is suitable for an alpine house.

S. telephium. Rather variable, clump¬
forming perennial, sometimes with
rather open, lax habit. H 24-28in
(60-70cm), S 20in (50cm). Erect stems
bear oval, fleshy, blue-green leaves that
are often toothed. In late summer-fall
bears domed, branched terminal heads
of star-shaped, reddish- or purplish-pink
flowers. Z4-9 H9-1. Atropurpureum
Group have red stems bearing dark red
leaves with pink flowers. 'Gooseberry
Fool' (illus. p.279), H 20in (50cm), S 12in
(30cm), bears red-flushed, greenish-gray
leaves and domed heads of green and
white flowers. 'Purple Emperor' (illus.
p.279), H 20in (50cm), S 12in (30cm),
is neat and compact, with dark purple
leaves and pinkish-red flowers.
'Strawberries and Cream' (illus.
p.279), H and S 20-24in (50-60cm), has

purple stems, toothed, green-purple
leaves and pinkish-green flowers opening
from dark pink buds.

SELAGINELLA

SELAGINELLACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mosslike perennials,
grown for their foliage. Prefers partial
shade and needs moist but well-drained,
peaty soil. Remove faded foliage
regularly. Propagate from pieces with
roots attached that have been broken off
plant year-round.

S. kraussiana , illus. p.478. 'Aurea' is
an evergreen, mosslike perennial. H V 2 in
(lcm), S indefinite. Spreading, filigreed,
bright yellowish-green fronds are much-
branched, denser towards growing tips
and easily root on soil surface. Z6-9
H12-1. 'Variegata' has foliage splashed
with creamy-yellow. Z6-9 H12-1.

S. lepidophylla (Resurrection plant.
Rose of Jericho). Evergreen, mosslike
perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Bluntly
rounded, emerald-green fronds, aging
red-brown or gray-green, are produced
in dense tufts. On drying, fronds curl
inwards into a tight ball; they unfold
when placed in water. Z8-10 H10-8.

S. martensii, illus. p.478.

SELENICEREUS

CACTACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering, perennial
cacti with climbing, 4-10-ribbed, green
stems, to 3 Ain (2cm) across. Nocturnal,
funnel-shaped flowers eventually open
flat. Needs sun or partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

S. grandiflorus, illus. p.479.

SELINUM

UM BELLI FERAE/API ACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
suitable for informal gardens and backs of
borders. Prefers sun and well-drained soil.
Once established, roots resent disturbance.
Propagate by seed when fresh, in summer
or fall.

S. wallichianum , illus. p.230.

SEMELE

LILIACEAE/RUSCACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen,
twining climber. Male and female flowers
are produced on the same plant. Needs
partial shade and prefers rich, well-
drained soil. Propagate by division or
seed in spring.

S. androgyna. Evergreen climber, twining
in upper part, branched and bearing oval
cladodes, 2-4in (5-10cm) long. H to 22ft
(7m). Star-shaped, cream flowers are
produced in notches on cladode margins,
in early summer, followed by orange-red
berries. Z9-10 H10-9.

SEMIAQUILEGIA

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
flowers. These differ from those of
Aquilegia , with which it is sometimes
included, by having no spurs. Is good for

rock gardens. Requires sun and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
S. ecalcarata, illus. p.341.

SEMIARUNDINARIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. fastuosa , syn. Arundinaria fastuosa,
illus. p.287.

SEMPERVIVUM

Houseleek

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials that spread
by short stolons and are grown for their
symmetrical rosettes of oval to strap¬
shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves. Makes
ground-hugging mats, suitable for rock
gardens, screes, walls, banks and alpine
houses. Flowers are star-shaped with 8-16
spreading petals. Needs sun and gritty soil.
Takes several years to reach flowering size.
Rosettes die after flowering but leave
numerous offsets. Propagate by offsets in
summer.

S. arachnoideum (Cobweb houseleek),
illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H 2-5in (5-12cm), S 4in (10cm)
or more. Rosettes of oval, fleshy leaves with
red tips are covered in web of white hairs.
Bears loose clusters of star-shaped, rose-
red flowers in summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. 'Blood Tip', illus. p.377. Evergreen,
basal-rosetted, mat-forming succulent.

H to 4in (10cm), S to 12in (30cm). Has thick,
green leaves strongly suffused purple-red
with deeper red, bristly tips. Z6-9 H9-6.

S. calcareum , illus. p.377. Variable,
evergreen, mat-forming, basal-rosetted
perennial. H 2-3in (5-7cm), S 8-10in (20—
25cm). Has bluish-green leaves with dark
reddish-brown tips. Erect stems bear
terminal clusters of star-shaped, red-based,
creamy-white flowers in summer. Is
excellent in a trough or on a dry wall.

Z6-9 H9-6. 'Extra' (illus. p.377) has
intense, dark leaf tips.

S. ciliosum, illus. p.375.

S. 'Commander Hay'. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted perennial. H 6in (15cm), S to 12in
(30cm). Has inversely lance-shaped, glossy,
dark red leaves, with mid-green tips.
Terminal clusters of dull greenish-red
flowers are produced in summer. Z7-10
H10-7.

S. 'Gallivarda', illus. p.377. Evergreen,
mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial.

H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Red
leaves turn to orange-red in summer, then
to purplish-red. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. giuseppii, illus. p.377. Vigorous,
evergreen, prostrate perennial. H in
flower3-4in (8-10cm), S 4in (10cm). Leaves
are hairy, especially in spring, and have
dark spots at tips. Produces terminal
clusters of star-shaped, deep pink or red
flowers in summer. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. globiferum subsp. globiferum. See
Jovibarba sobolifera. subsp. hirtum.

See Jovibarba hirta.

S. grandiflorum. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted perennial. H 4in (10cm), S to 8in
(20cm). Variable, densely haired, red-
tinted, dark green rosettes exude goatlike
smell when crushed. Produces loose,
terminal clusters of yellow-green flowers.

SENECIO

stained purple in centers, on long flower
stems in summer. Prefers rich, acid soil.
Z6-9 H9-6.

S. 'Guile Dame', illus. p.377. Evergreen,
mat-forming, basal-rosetted perennial.

H 2-3in (5-8cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Has
dark red leaves with long, white hairs, in
spring and summer, gradually changing
to green in winter.

S. 'Kappa', illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat¬
forming, basal-rosetted perennial. H 2-3in
(5-8cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Deep purple-
red leaves are covered in cobwebs of white
hairs.

S. montanum , illus. p.377. Evergreen,
mat-forming perennial. H 3-6in (10-15cm),

S 4in (10cm). Has dark green rosettes of
fleshy, hairy leaves. Star-shaped, wine-red
flowers are borne in terminal clusters in
summer. Is a variable plant that hybridizes
freely. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. 'Rosie', illus. p.377. Evergreen, mat¬
forming, open-rosetted perennial. H 2-3in
(5-8cm), S 8-10in (20-25cm). Green-flushed,
purple-red leaves have short, marginal
hairs. Z4-9 H9-3.

S. tectorum (Hens and chicks. Roof
houseleek), illus. p.377. Vigorous, evergreen
perennial. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S to 8in
(20cm). Has purple-tipped, blue-green
leaves, sometimes suffused deep red. In
summer produces clusters of star-shaped,
reddish-purple flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

SENECIO

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of annuals, succulent and non¬
succulent perennials and evergreen shrubs,
subshrubs and twining climbers, grown
for their foliage and usually daisylike
flower heads. Some shrubby species are
now referred to the genus Brachyglottis.
Shrubs are excellent for coastal gardens.
Most prefer full sun and well-drained soil
(although S. articulatus and S. rowleyanus
tolerate partial shade and need very well-
drained soil). Propagate shrubs and
climbers by semiripe cuttings in summer,
annuals by seed in spring, perennials
by division in spring, S. articulatus and
S. rowleyanus by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer. ® All parts may cause
severe discomfort if ingested.

S. articulatus , syn. Kleinia articulata
(Candle plant). Deciduous, spreading,
perennial succulent. H 2ft (60cm),

S indefinite. Branching, gray-marked, blue
stems have weak joints. Bears rounded to
oval, 3-5-lobed, gray leaves and flatfish
heads of small, cup-shaped, yellow flowers
from spring to fall. Offsets freely from
stolons. Z13-15 H12-10. 'Variegatus',
illus. p.486.

S. cineraria, syn. S. maritimus. Moderately
fast-growing, evergreen, bushy subshrub,
often grown as an annual. H and S 1ft
(30cm). Has long, oval, very deeply lobed,
hairy, silvery-gray leaves. Rounded, yellow
flower heads are produced in summer, but
are best removed. Z8-11 H12-1. 'Cirrus'
has elliptic, finely toothed or lobed, silvery-
green to white leaves. 'Silver Dust', illus.
p.315.

S. compactus. See Brachyglottis compacta.
S. confusus. See Pseudogynoxys
chenopodioides.

S. Dunedin Hybrids. See Brachyglottis
Dunedin Group.

S

697

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SENNA

S. elegans. Moderately fast-growing,
upright annual. H 18in (45cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has oval, deeply lobed, deep green leaves.
Daisylike, purple flower heads are
produced in summer. H8-1.

S. grandifolius, syn. Telanthophora
grandiflora. Evergreen, erect, robust¬
stemmed shrub. H 10-15ft (3-5m), S 6—10ft
(2-3m). Has oval, toothed, boldly veined
leaves, rich green above, red-brown-haired
beneath. Bears terminal clusters of small,
daisylike, yellow flower heads in winter¬
spring. Z12-15 H12-1.

S. greyi of gardens. See Brachyglottis
Dunedin Group.

S. x hybridus. See Pericallis x hybrida.

S. laxifolius. See Brachyglottis laxifolia.

S. laxifolius of gardens. See Brachyglottis
Dunedin Group.

S. macroglossus (Cape ivy. Natal ivy).
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H 10ft (3m). Leaves are sharply
triangular, fleshy-textured and glossy.

Loose clusters of daisylike, white flower
heads, with yellow centers, are borne
mainly in winter. Z12-15 H12-10.
'Variegatus', illus. p.464.

S. maritimus. See S. cineraria.

S. mikanioides, syn. Delairea odorata
(German ivy. Parlor ivy). Evergreen,
semiwoody, twining climber. H 6—10ft
(2-3m). Has fleshy leaves with 5-7 broad,
pointed, radiating lobes. Mature plants
produce large clusters of small, yellow
flower heads in fall-winter. Z12-15 H12-1.
S. monroi. See Brachyglottis monroi.

S. przewalskii. See Ligularia przewalskii.
S. pulcher , illus. p.278.

S. reinholdii. See Brachyglottis
rotundifolia.

S. rotundifolius. See Brachyglottis
rotundifolia.

S. row/leyanus, syn. Kleinia rowleyana,
illus. p.481.

S. smithii. Bushy perennial. H 3-4ft
(1-1.2m), S 2V 2 -3ft (75cm-lm). Woolly
stems are clothed with long, oval, toothed,
leathery, dark green leaves. Daisylike, white
flower heads, with yellow centers, are
borne in terminal clusters in early summer.
Likes boggy conditions. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. tamoides. Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Has
ivy-shaped, light green leaves. In fall-
winter bears daisylike, yellow flower heads
with only a few ray petals. Z6-8 H8-6.

SENNA

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPIINIACEAE

698

Genus of evergreen trees, shrubs and
perennials, grown for their pealike flowers.
Requires full sun and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer, divide
perennials in spring.

S. artemisioides, syn. Cassia
artemisioides (Silver cassia). Evergreen,
erect to spreading, wiry shrub. H and
S 3—6ft (l-2m). Leaves are divided into
6-8 linear leaflets covered with silky, white
down. Axillary spikes of cup-shaped,
yellow flowers are produced from winter
to early summer.

S. corymbosa, syn. Cassia corymbosa ,
illus. p.459.

S. didymobotrya, syn. Cassia
didymobotrya, illus. p.459.

S. x floribunda, syn. Cassia corymbosa

var. plurijuga, Cassia x floribunda.
Vigorous, evergreen or deciduous,
rounded shrub with robust stems. H and
S 5—6ft (1.5-2m). Bright green leaves are
divided into 4-6 oval leaflets. Has very
large clusters of bowl-shaped, rich
yellow flowers in late summer.

S. siamea , syn. Cassia siamea. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, rounded tree.

H and S 25-30ft (8-10m) or more. Leaves
are divided into 7-12 pairs of elliptic
leaflets. Large terminal panicles of small,
cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers are
borne in spring, followed by flat, dark
brown pods. Z10-11 H12-10.

SEQUOIA

TAXODIACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

S. sempervirens, illus. p.97.

SEQUOIADENDRON

TAXODIACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

S. giganteum , illus. p.98. 'Pendulum' is

a weeping conifer. H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m)
or more. Bark is thick, soft, fibrous and
red-brown. Has spiralled, needlelike,
incurved, gray-green leaves that darken
and become glossy.

SERAPIAS

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

S. cordigera. Deciduous, terrestrial
orchid. H 16in (40cm). Spikes of reddish or
dark purple flowers, lVan (4cm) long, are
borne in spring. Has lance-shaped, red-
spotted leaves, 6in (15cm) long. Needs
partial shade.

SERENOA

PALMAE/ARECACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen fan
palm, grown for its foliage. Requires full
light or partial shade and well-drained soil.
Water container plants moderately in
growing season, less at other times.
Propagate by seed or suckers in spring.

Red spider mite may be troublesome.

S. repens (Saw palmetto. Scrub palmetto).
Evergreen, rhizomatous fan palm, usually
stemless. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm), S 6ft (2m) or
more. Palmate, gray to blue-green leaves
are divided into 6-20 strap-shaped lobes.
Clusters of tiny, fragrant, cream flowers
are hidden among leaves in summer, and
are followed by egg-shaped, purple-black
fruits. Z9-11 H12-9.

SERISSA

RUBIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
grown for its overall appearance. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately, less when not in growth. May
be trimmed after flowering. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. foetida. See S.japonica.

S. japonica, syn. S. foetida. Evergreen,
spreading to rounded, freely branching
shrub. H to 2ft (60cm), S 2—3ft (60cm-lm).
Has tiny, oval, lustrous, deep green leaves.

Small, funnel-shaped, 4- or 5-lobed, white
flowers are borne from spring to fall.
Zll-15 H12-10.

SERRATULA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
thistlelike flower heads. Requires sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring.

S. seoanei, syn. S. shawii. Upright,
compact perennial. H 9in (23cm), S 5-6in
(12-15cm). Stems bear feathery, finely cut
leaves and, in fall, terminal panicles of
small, thistlelike, purple flower heads. Is
useful in a rock garden.

S. shawii. See S. seoanei.

SESLERIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. heufleriana (Balkan moor grass).
Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass.
H 20in (50cm), S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears
rich green leaves, glaucous beneath, and,
in spring, compact panicles of purple
spikelets. Z5-8 H8-5.

SETARIA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. italica (Foxtail millet, Italian millet).
Moderately fast-growing, annual grass
with sturdy stems. H 5ft (1.5m), S to 3ft
(lm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green leaves,
to 172ft (45cm) long, and loose panicles of
white, cream, yellow, red, brown or black
flowers in summer-fall. Z9-10 H10-9.

S. macrostachya r illus. p.318.

Setcreasea purpurea. See Tradescantia
pallida 'Purpurea'.

SHEPHERDIA

ELAEAGNACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs,
grown for their foliage and fruits. Separate
male and female plants are needed in order
to obtain fruits. Requires sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

S. argentea (Silver buffalo berry).
Deciduous, bushy, often treelike shrub.

H and S 12ft (4m). Bears tiny,
inconspicuous, yellow flowers amid
oblong, silvery-gray leaves in spring,
followed by small, egg-shaped, bright red
fruits. Z3-6 H6-1.

SHIBATAEA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. kumasasa, illus. p.287.

SHORTIA

DIAPENSIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
perennials, grown for their leaves that often
turn red in fall-winter. Buds may be frosted
in areas without snow cover. Is difficult to

grow in hot, dry climates. Needs full or
partial shade and well-drained, peaty,
sandy, acid soil. Propagate by runners in
summer or by seed when available.

S. galacifolia, illus. p.349.

S. soldanelloides , illus. p.352. var.
ilicifolia is an evergreen, mat-forming
perennial. H 2^iin (5-10cm), S 4-6in (10—
15cm). Has rounded, toothed leaves. In late
spring each flower stem bears 4-6 small,
pendent, bell-shaped flowers, with fringed
edges and rose-pink centers shading to
white. Flowers of var. magna are rose-
pink throughout.

S. unifora 'Grandiflora'. Vigorous,
evergreen, mat-forming perennial with a
few rooted runners. H 3in (8cm), S 8in
(20cm). Leaves are rounded, toothed,
leathery and glossy. Flower stems bear
cup-shaped, white-pink flowers, with
serrated petals, in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

SIBIRAEA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their foliage and flowers. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Prune out old or weak
shoots to base after flowering. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

S. altaiensis. See S. laevigata.

S. laevigata, syn. S. altaiensis. Deciduous,
spreading, open shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 5ft
(1.5m). Has narrowly oblong, blue-green
leaves and, in late spring and early
summer, dense, terminal clusters of tiny,
star-shaped, white flowers. Z6-8 H8-6.

SIDALCEA

MALVACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their hollyhocklike flowers.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring.

S. 'Loveliness'. Upright perennial. H 3ft
(lm), S lVzft (45cm). Has buttercuplike,
divided leaves with narrowly oblong
segments. In summer bears racemes of
shallowly cup-shaped, shell-pink flowers.
Z9-10 H10-9.

S. 'Oberon', illus. p.233.

S. 'Puck'. Upright perennial. H 2ft (60cm),
S 172ft (45cm). Has buttercuplike, divided
leaves with narrowly oblong segments. In
summer bears racemes of shallowly cup¬
shaped, deep pink flowers. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. 'Sussex Beauty'. Upright perennial.

H 4ft (1.2m), S 17zft (45cm). Has
buttercuplike, divided leaves, with
narrowly oblong segments, and, in
summer, shallowly cup-shaped, deep rose-
pink flowers. Z6-8 H8-6.

SIDERITIS

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs
and shrubs, grown mainly for their foliage.
Needs full light and well-drained soil.

Water container plants moderately, less
when temperatures are low. Remove spent
flower spikes after flowering. Propagate by
seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer.

S. candicans. Evergreen, erect, well-
branched shrub. H to 27zft (75cm), S to 2ft
(60cm). Lance-shaped to narrowly oval
or triangular leaves bear dense, white

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

wool. Produces leafy, terminal spikes
of tubular, pale yellow- and-light-brown
or orange-red flowers in summer.

Z9-10 H10-9.

SILENE

Campion, Catchfly
CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, some of
which are evergreen, grown for their mass
of 5-petaled flowers. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in spring or by seed in spring or
early fall.

S. acaulis, illus. p.352.

S. alpestris, syn. Heliosperma alpestre,
illus. p.359.

S. armeria 'Electra'. Moderately fast¬
growing, erect annual. H 12in (30cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has oval, grayish-green leaves.
Heads of 5-petaled, bright rose-pink
flowers are produced in summer and early
fall. H8-1.

S. coeli-rosa, syn. Agrostemma coeli-
rosa, Lychnis coeli-rosa, Viscaria elegans,
illus. p.303.

S. elisabethae. Basal-rosetted perennial.

H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Has rosettes
of strap-shaped, mid-green leaves. In
summer, stems bear large, often solitary,
deep rose-red flowers with green centers
and long-clawed petals. Is suitable for a
rock garden. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. hookeri. Short-lived, trailing, prostrate,
late summer-deciduous perennial with
long, slender tap root. H 2in (5cm), S 8in
(20cm). Slender stems bear oval, gray
leaves and, in late summer, soft pink,
salmon or orange flowers, deeply cleft
to base. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. maritima 'Flore Pleno'. See S.
uniflora 'Robin Whitebreast'.

S. pendula (Nodding catchfly). Moderately
fast-growing, bushy annual. H and S 6-8in
(15-20cm). Has oval, hairy, mid-green
leaves and, in summer and early fall,
clusters of light pink flowers.

S. schafta, illus. p.346.

S. uniflora 'Robin Whitebreast',
syn.S. maritima 'Flore Pleno', S. uniflora
'Flore Pleno', S. vulgaris subsp. maritima
'Flore Pleno'. Lax perennial with deep,
wandering roots. H and S 8in (20cm). Has
lance-shaped, gray-green leaves. Bears
pomponlike, double, white flowers, on
branched stems, in summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

S. vulgaris subsp. maritima 'Flore
Pleno'. See S. uniflora 'Robin Whitebreast'.

SILPHIUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of fairly coarse, summer-flowering
perennials. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed when fresh,
in fall.

S. laciniatum (Compass plant. Pilot plant.
Polar plant). Clump-forming perennial.

H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Mid-green leaves,
divided into opposite pairs of oblong to
lance-shaped leaflets, face north and south
wherever the plant is grown, hence the
common name. Large clusters of slightly
pendent, daisylike, yellow flower heads are
borne in late summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

SILYBUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of thistlelike biennials, grown for
their foliage. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in late spring or
early summer. Is prone to slug and snail
damage.

S. marianum , illus. p.304.

Sinarundinaria jaunsarensis. See

Yushania anceps.

Sinarundinaria murieliae. See Fargesia
murieliae.

Sinarundinaria nitida. See Fargesia
nitida.

SINNINGIA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of usually summer-flowering,
tuberous perennials and deciduous
subshrubs, grown for their showy flowers.
Prefers a humid atmosphere, partial shade
and moist but not waterlogged, peaty soil.
When leaves die down after flowering,
allow tubers to dry out; then store in a
frost-free area. Propagate in spring by
seed or in late spring or summer by stem
cuttings or by dividing tubers into sections,
each with a young shoot.

S. barbata. Bushy, tuberous perennial
with square, red stems. H and S 2ft (60cm)
or more long. Broadly lance-shaped,
glossy, mid-green leaves, to 6in (15cm)
long, are reddish-green beneath. In
summer has 5-lobed, pouched, white
flowers. Z14-15 H12-10.

S. concinna. Rosetted perennial with
very small tubers. H and S to 6in (15cm).
Oval to rounded, scalloped, velvety, red-
veined, mid-green leaves, Vdn (2cm)
long, are red below. Trumpet-shaped,
bicolored, purple and white or yellowish-
white flowers, are borne in summer.

Z14-15 H12-10.

S. 'Etoile du Feu'. Short-stemmed,
rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm),
S 16in (40cm) or more. Has oval, velvety
leaves, 8-972in (20-24cm) long. Upright,
trumpet-shaped, carmine-red flowers are
produced in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

S. 'Mont Blanc'. Short-stemmed,
rosetted, tuberous perennial. H 12in
(30cm), S 16in (40cm) or more. Oval,
velvety, mid-green leaves are 8-972in
(20-24cm) long. In summer has upright,
trumpet-shaped, pure white flowers.

Z14-15 H12-10.

S. 'Red Flicker'. Short-stemmed,
tuberous perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has rosettes of oval, velvety leaves,
to 8in (20cm) long. Fleshy, nodding, funnel-
shaped, pinkish-red flowers, pouched on
lower sides, are borne in summer. Z14-15
H12-10.

S. speciosa, syn. Gloxinia speciosa
(Florists' gloxinia). Short-stemmed,
rosetted, tuberous perennial. H and S to 1ft
(30cm). Oval, velvety, green leaves are
8in (20cm) long. Nodding, funnel-shaped,
fleshy, violet, red or white flowers, with
pouches on lower sides, are produced
in summer. Is a parent of many named
hybrids, of which a selection is included
above and below.

S. 'Switzerland', illus. p.470.

S. 'Waterloo'. Short-stemmed, rosetted,
tuberous perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 16in

(40cm) or more. Has oval, velvety leaves,
8-9Vzin (20-24cm) long. Upright, trumpet¬
shaped, bright scarlet flowers are produced
in summer. Z14-15 HI2-10.

SINOFRANCHETIA

LARDIZABALACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, twining
climber, grown mainly for its foliage. Is
suitable for covering buildings and growing
up large trees. Separate male and female
plants are required in order to obtain fruits.
Needs partial shade and well-drained soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
S. chinensis. Deciduous, twining climber.
H to 50ft (15m). Mid- to dark green leaves
are divided into 3 oblong to oval leaflets,
2-6in (5-15cm) long. In late spring has
small, dull white flowers in pendent
racemes, to 4in (10cm) long. Pale purple
berries, containing many seeds, follow in
summer. Z7-10 H10-7.

SINOJACKIA

STYRACACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers. Requires a
sheltered position in sun or partial shade
and fertile, rich, moist, acid soil. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer.

S. rehderiana. Deciduous, bushy shrub
or spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m).
Nodding, saucer-shaped, white flowers,
with yellow anthers, are produced in late
spring and early summer. Oval leaves are
dark green and glossy. Z6-10 H10-6.

SINOPODOPHYLLUM

BERBERIDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of spring-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial, grown for its
flowers, often marbled foliage and large,
red fruit. Requires partial shade and rich,
moist soil. Propagate in fall by division
of the rhizome or by seed. CD All parts are
toxic if eaten.

S. hexandrum, syn. Podophyllum emodii.
Podophyllum hexandrum, illus. p.255.

SINOWILSONIA

HAMAM ELI DACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its foliage and catkins. Requires
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
S. henryi. Deciduous, spreading,
sometimes shrubby tree. H and S 25ft (8m).
Has oval, toothed, glossy, bright green
leaves, and long, pendent, green catkins in
late spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

Siphonosmanthus delavayi. See

Osmanthus delavayi.

SISYRINCHIUM

I Rl DACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials, some of
which are semievergreen. Prefers sun and
well-drained or moist soil. Propagate by
division in early spring or by seed in spring
or fall.

S. angustifolium. See S. graminoides.

S. bellum of gardens. See S. idahoense.

S. californicum (Golden-eyed grass).

SMILACINA

Semievergreen, upright perennial. H 12-24in
(30-60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has grasslike tufts
of light green, basal leaves. In spring-
summer produces flattish, bright yellow
flowers, with slightly darker veins, on
winged stems. Outer leaves may die off and
turn black in fall. Dwarf forms are known as
S. brachypus. Prefers moist soil. Z8-9 H9-7.
S. douglasi. See Olsynium douglasii.

S. 'E.K. Balls', illus. p.342.

S. graminoides , syn. S. angustifolium.
Semievergreen, erect perennial. H to 12in
(30cm), S 3in (8cm). Has tufts of grasslike
leaves. Small, irislike, pale to dark purplish-
blue flowers, with yellow bases, are borne
in terminal clusters in late spring and early
summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. grandiflorum. See Olsynium douglasii.
S. idahoense, syn. S. bellum, illus. p.369.

S. odoratissimum. See Olsynium biflorum.
S. palmifolium. Semievergreen, upright
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Produces a fan of narrowly sword-shaped,
mid-green leaves. In summer bears dense
spikes of widely funnel-shaped, golden-
yellow flowers.

S. striatum, illus. p.274. 'Aunt May', syn.
S. striatum 'Variegatum' is a semievergreen,
upright perennial. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12in (30cm). Produces tufts of long,
narrow, cream-striped, grayish-green
leaves. Slender spikes of trumpet-shaped,
purple-striped, straw-yellow flowers are
borne in summer. 'Variegatum'. See S.
striatum 'Aunt May'.

SKIMMIA

RUTACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their spring flowers, their
aromatic foliage and their fruits. Except
with S.japonica subsp. reevesiana, separate
male and female plants are needed in order
to obtain fruits. Requires shade or partial
shade and fertile, moist soil. Poor soil or too
much sun may cause chlorosis. Propagate
by semiripe cuttings in late summer or by
seed in fall. 0 The fruits may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

S. anquetilia. Evergreen, bushy, open
shrub. H 4ft (1.2m), S 6ft (2m). Produces
small clusters of tiny, yellow flowers, from
mid- to late spring, followed by spherical,
scarlet fruits. Leaves are oblong to oval,
pointed, strongly aromatic and dark green.
Z7-9 H9-7.

S. x formannii of gardens. See S.japonica
'Veitchii'.

S. japonica, illus. p.164. 'Fructo Albo',
illus. p.163. subsp. reevesiana 'Robert
Fortune', syn. S. reevesiana, illus. p.164.
'Rubella', illus. p.164. 'Veitchii', syn.

S. x formannii is a vigorous, evergreen,
upright, dense, female shrub. H and S 5ft
(1.5m). Broadly oval leaves are rich green.
In mid- and late spring bears dense
clusters of small, star-shaped, white
flowers, followed by large, spherical,
bright red fruits.

S. reevesiana. See S.japonica subsp.
reevesiana 'Robert Fortune'.

SMILACINA

LI LIACEAE/COIMVALLARIACEAE

Genus of perennials, grown for their
graceful appearance. Prefers partial
shade and rich, moist, neutral to acid soil.

699

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SMI LAX

Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

S. racemosa, syn. Maianthemum
racemosum, illus. p.223.

SMILAX

LI LI ACEAE/SMILACACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, woody-
stemmed or herbaceous, scrambling
climbers with tubers or rhizomes. Separate
male and female plants are required in
order to obtain fruits. Needs sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division or seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

S. china. Deciduous, woody-based,
scrambling climber with straggling,
sometimes spiny stems. H to 15ft (5m).
Leaves are broadly oval to rounded.

Umbels of yellow-green flowers are
produced in spring; tiny, red berries
develop in fall. Z7-10 H10-7.

SMITHIANTHA

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of bushy, erect perennials with
tuberlike rhizomes, grown for their flowers
and foliage. Needs bright light (but not
direct sun) and rich, well-drained soil.
Reduce watering after flowering and water
sparingly in winter. Propagate by division
of rhizomes in early spring.

S. cinnabarina. Robust, erect, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Broadly
oval to almost rounded, toothed leaves, to
6in (15cm) long, are dark green with dark
red hairs. Bell-shaped, orange-red flowers,
lined with pale yellow, are produced in
summer-fall. Z14-15 H12-10.

S. 'Orange King', illus. p.471.

S. zebrina. Bushy, rhizomatous perennial
with velvety-haired stems. H and S to 3ft
(lm). Oval, toothed, hairy leaves, to 7in
(18cm) long, are deep green marked with
reddish-brown. In summer produces
tubular flowers, scarlet above, yellow
below, spotted red inside and with orange-
yellow lobes. Z14-15 H12-10.

SMYRNIUM

UIVI BELLI FERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of biennials, grown for their
flowers. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

S. perfoliatum, illus. p.321.

SOLANDRA

SOLANACEAE

shrubs (occasionally scandent) and
woody-stemmed, scrambling or leaf-stalk
climbers, grown for their flowers and
ornamental fruits. Requires full sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water regularly
but sparingly in winter. Support
scrambling climbers. Thin out and spur
back crowded growth of climbers in
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer. Red spider
mite, whitefly and aphids may cause
problems. ® All parts of most species,
especially the fruits of S. capsicastrum
and S. pseudocapsicum, can cause severe
discomfort if ingested.

S. betaceum, syn. Cyphomandra
betacea, Cyphomandra crassicaulis,
illus. p.456.

S. capsicastrum (False Jerusalem
cherry. Winter cherry). Fairly slow-
growing, evergreen, bushy subshrub,
grown as an annual. H and S l-lWft
(30-45cm). Has lance-shaped, deep green
leaves. In summer bears small, star¬
shaped, white flowers, followed by egg-
shaped, pointed, orange-red or scarlet
fruits, which are at their best in winter.
Z13-15 H12-10.

S. crispum 'Glasnevin', illus. p.204.

S. jasminoides. See S. laxum.

S. laxum, syn. S. jasminoides (Potato vine).
Semievergreen, woody-stemmed,
scrambling climber. H to 20ft (6m). Oval to
lance-shaped leaves may be lobed or have
leaflets at base. Small, 5-petaled, pale gray-
blue flowers are produced in summer-fall,
followed by tiny, purple berries. 'Album',
illus. p.195.

S. pseudocapsicum (Christmas cherry,
Jerusalem cherry. Winter cherry). Fairly
slow-growing, evergreen, bushy shrub,
usually grown as an annual. H and S to 4ft
(1.2m). Has oval or lance-shaped, bright
green leaves. Small, star-shaped, white
flowers, in summer, are followed by
spherical, scarlet fruits. Has several smaller
selections. Zll-12 H12-6. 'Balloon', illus.
p.327. 'Fancy', H 1ft (30cm), has scarlet
fruits. Z12-14 H12-1. 'Joker' has yellow
fruit turning orange and red. Z12-14 H12-1.
'Red Giant', illus. p.327. 'Snowfire', H 1ft
(30cm), has white fruits that later turn red.
Z12-14 H12-1.

S. rantonnei. See Lycianthes rantonnetii.

S. rantonnetii. See Lycianthes rantonnetii.

S. seaforthianum, illus. p.463.

S. wendlandii, illus. p.463.

SOLDANELLA

Snowbell

PRIMULACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
scrambling climbers, grown for their large,
trumpet-shaped flowers. Needs full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, sparingly in cold
weather. Tie to supports. Thin out crowded
stems after flowering. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. grandiflora of gardens. See S. maxima.
S. maxima, syn. S. grandiflora, illus. p.464.

SOLANUM

SOLANACEAE

700

Genus of annuals, perennials (some of
which are evergreen) and evergreen,
semievergreen or deciduous subshrubs.

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown
for their early spring flowers. Is good for
rock gardens, troughs and alpine houses.
Flower buds are set in fall and may be
destroyed by frost if there is no snow
cover. Requires partial shade and rich,
well-drained, peaty soil. Propagate by
seed in spring or by division in late
summer. Slugs may attack flower buds.

S. alpina, illus. p.354.

S. minima (Least snowbell). Evergreen,
clump-forming, prostrate perennial. H lin
(2.5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has rounded, glossy,
mid-green leaves. In early spring produces
solitary, almost stemless, bell-shaped, pale
lavender-blue or white flowers, with
fringed mouths. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. montana. Evergreen, mound-forming
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). In
early spring, tall flower stems bear long,
pendent, bell-shaped, lavender-blue
flowers, with fringed mouths. Leaves are
rounded and leathery. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. villosa, illus. p.354.

SOLEIROLIA

Baby's tears; Mind-your-own-
business, Mother of thousands

URTICACEAE

Genus of one species of usually evergreen,
prostrate perennial that forms a dense
carpet of foliage. Tolerates sun or shade,
and prefers moist soil. Propagate by
division from spring to mid-summer.

S. soleirolii, syn. Helxine soleirolii, illus.
p.283.

SOLENOSTEMON

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, bushy, subshrubby
perennials, grown for their colorful
leaves and flowers. Makes excellent pot
plants. Needs shelter, sun or partial shade
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
in summer, much less at other times.
Pinch out growing shoots of young plants
to encourage a bushy habit. Propagate
by seed sown under glass in spring or by
softwood cuttings in spring or summer.
Mealy bugs and whitefly may cause
problems.

S. 'Chocolate Mint', illus. p.311.

S. scutellarioides, syn. Coleus blumei
var. verschaffeltii, Plectranthus
scutellarioides. Fast-growing, bushy
perennial, grown as an annual. H to 18in
(45cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Leaves are
mixture of colors, including pink, red,
green or yellow. Flower spikes should
be removed. Zll Hll-1. 'Brightness'
has rust-red leaves, edged with green.
Z13-15 H12-1. 'Fashion Parade' has
multicolored, toothed leaves of various
shapes, from oval and unlobed to deeply
lobed. Zll-12 H12-1. 'Inky Fingers',
illus. p.311. Kong Series 'Kong
Scarlet', illus. p.310. 'Scarlet Poncho',
H 12in (30cm), has a pendulous habit and
oval, toothed, bright red leaves. Zll-12
H12-1. Wizard Series, H 12in (30cm),
produces oval, toothed leaves in very
wide range of leaf colors. Zll-12 H12-1.

SOLIDAGO

Golden rod

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
perennials, some species of which are
vigorous, coarse plants that tend to crowd
out others in borders. Most tolerate sun or
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring. Occasionally self-seeds.
S. 'Goldenmosa', illus. p.251.

S. 'Golden Wings'. Upright perennial.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (lm). Bears large,
feathery panicles of small, bright yellow
flower heads in early fall. Has lance¬
shaped, toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

S. 'Laurin'. Compact perennial. H 24-30in
(60-75cm), S 18in (45cm). Has mid-green
leaves. Bears spikes of deep yellow flowers
in late summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. x luteus, syn. x Solidaster hybridus, x
Solidaster luteus, illus. p.275. subsp.
alpestris. See S. virgaurea subsp. minuta.
S. virgaurea subsp. minuta, syn. S.
virgaurea subsp. alpestris. Mound¬
forming perennial. H and S 4in (10cm).
Has small, lance-shaped, green leaves
and, in fall, neat spikes of small, yellow
flower heads. Is suitable for a rock
garden, trough or alpine house. Needs
shade and moist soil. Z5-9 H9-5.

x Solidaster hybridus. See Solidago
Solidago x luteus.
x Solidaster luteus. See Solidago
Solidago x luteus.

SOLLYA

Bluebell creeper

PITTOSPORACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-based, twining
climbers, grown for their bell-shaped,
usually blue flowers. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by softwood or greenwood cuttings in
summer.

S. heterophylla, illus. p.194.

SONERILA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, bushy perennials and
shrubs, grown for their foliage and flowers.
Prefers a humid atmosphere, partial shade
and peaty soil. Propagate by tip cuttings in
spring.

S. margaritacea. Evergreen, bushy,
semiprostrate perennial. H and S 8-10in
(20-25cm). Red stems produce oval, dark
green leaves, 2-3in (5-8cm) long, reddish
below, silver-patterned above. Has
racemes of 3-petaled, rose-pink flowers
in summer. Z15 H12-10. 'Argentea' has
more silvery-gray leaves, with green
veins. 'Hendersonii' is more compact
and has white-spotted leaves.

SOPHORA

Kowhai

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen trees
and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage
and flowers. Requires full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil; S. microphylla and S.
tetraptera usually need to be grown against
a south- or west-facing wall. Propagate by
seed in fall, semievergreens also by cuttings
in summer.

S. davidii, syn. S. viciifolia, illus. p.138.

S. japonica (Japanese pagoda tree).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
(20m). Dark green leaves are divided into
9-15 oval leaflets. On mature trees, long
clusters of pealike, creamy-white flowers
are produced in late summer and early
fall. Thrives in hot summers. Z5-9 H9-1.
'Pendula', H and S 10ft (3m), has long,
hanging shoots clothed with dark green
leaves. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Violacea', illus. p.67.

S. microphylla, syn. Edwardsia
microphylla. Semievergreen, spreading
tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Dark green leaves
are divided into numerous tiny, oblong
leaflets. Produces clusters of pealike,
deep yellow flowers in late spring.

Z8-10 H10-8.

S. tetraptera, illus. p.84.

S. viciifolia. See S. davidii.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

x SOPHROLAELIOCATTLEYA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

x S. Hazel Boyd gx 'Apricot Glow'. See

x Cattlianthe Hazel Boyd gx 'Apricot Glow',
x S. Trizac gx 'Purple Emperor', syn.
x S. Trizac gx 'Purple Emperor'. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for an intermediate
greenhouse. H 4in (10cm). In spring bears
crimson-lipped, pinkish-purple flowers,
2V2in (6cm) across, in small heads. Has
oval, rigid leaves, 4in (10cm) long. Needs
good light in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

SORBARIA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their foliage and large
panicles of small, white flowers. Prefers sun
and deep, fertile, moist soil. In winter, cut
out some older stems on mature plants and
prune back remaining shoots to growing
points. Remove suckers at base to prevent
Sorbaria spreading too widely. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer, by division
in fall or by root cuttings in late winter.

S. aitchisonii. See S. tomentosa var.
angustifolia.

S. arborea. See S. kirilowii.

S. kirilowii , syn. S. arborea, Spiraea
arborea. Vigorous, deciduous, arching
shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Leaves are divided
into 13-17 lance-shaped, taper-pointed,
deep green leaflets. Nodding panicles of
star-shaped, white flowers are produced
in mid- and late summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. sorbifolia, syn. Spiraea sorbifolia, illus.

p.128.

S. tomentosa var. angustifolia, syn.

S. aitchisonii, Spiraea aitchisonii. Deciduous,
arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Shoots are
red when young. Leaves are divided into
11-23 narrowly lance-shaped, taper-pointed,
dark green leaflets. Upright panicles of star¬
shaped, white flowers are produced from
mid- to late summer. Z8-11 HI 2-8.

SORBUS

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage, small, 5-petaled
flowers, colorful fruits and, in some species,
fall color. Leaves may be whole or divided
into leaflets. Needs sun or partial shade and
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Species
with leaves composed of leaflets do not
grow well in very dry soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings or budding in summer,
by seed in fall or by grafting in winter. Is
susceptible to fireblight. ® Raw fruit may
cause mild stomach upset if ingested.

S. alnifolia (Korean mountain ash).
Deciduous, conical, then spreading tree.

H 50ft (15m), S 25ft (8m). Oval, toothed,
bright green leaves turn orange and red in
fall. Produces small, white flowers in late
spring, followed by egg-shaped, orange-
red fruits. Z3-6 H8-1.

S. americana (American mountain ash,
Dogberry). Deciduous, round-headed tree.
H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Light green leaves,
divided into 11-17 narrowly oval leaflets,
usually color well in fall. Bears small, white
flowers in early summer, followed by
rounded, bright red fruits, ripening in early
fall. Z3-8 H8-1.

S. aria (Whitebeam). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m).
Oval, toothed leaves are silvery-gray when
young, maturing to dark green above,
white-felted beneath. Clusters of small,
white flowers in late spring are followed by
rounded, brown-speckled, deep red fruits.
Z4-5 H8-6. 'ChrysophyUa', H 30ft (10m),

S 22ft (7m), bears golden-yellow, young
leaves. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Decaisneana'. See
S. aria 'Majestica'.'Lutescens' (illus. p.91)
has orange-red fruits. 'Majestica', syn.

S. aria 'Decaisneana' has larger leaves,
white-haired when young, and larger
fruits. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. aucuparia (European mountain ash.
Rowan), illus. p.91. Deciduous, spreading
tree. H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Leaves are
divided into mid-green leaflets that turn
red or yellow in fall. Bears white flowers
in spring and red fruits in fall. Z4-7 H7-1.
'Fastigiata', syn. S. scopulina, H 25ft (8m),
S 15ft (5m), is a conical tree with upright
branches and dark green leaves. 'Fructu
Luteo', S 25ft (8m), a spreading tree.
Leaves are divided into 13-15 narrowly
oval, mid-green leaflets that turn yellow
or red in fall. Bears orange-yellow fruits.
'Rossica'. See S. aucuparia 'Rossica
Major'.Fruits of 'Rossica Major', syn.

S. aucuparia 'Rossica' are large and deep
red. 'Sheerwater Seedling', S 12ft (4m),
has a narrow, upright habit.

S. cashmiriana, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft (7m). Has
leaves divided into 6-9 pairs of rich green
leaflets. Pink-flushed, white flowers in early
summer are followed by large, white fruits
in fall. Z5-7 H7-5.

S. commixta, syn. S. discolor, illus. p.91.
Vigorous, deciduous, spreading tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Leaves are
divided into 6-8 pairs of glossy, deep
green leaflets that turn orange and red
in fall. White flowers in spring are
followed by bright red fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Embley', H 40ft (12m), S 28ft (9m), has
steeply ascending branches, bright red
leaves, divided into 13-17 leaflets, in late
fall, and fruits profusely.

S. cuspidata. See S. vestita.

S. decora. Deciduous, spreading,
sometimes shrubby tree. H 30ft (10m),

S 25ft (8m). Leaves are divided into oblong,
blue-green leaflets. Small, white flowers
in late spring are followed by rounded,
orange-red fruits. Z3-8 H8-1.

S. discolor of gardens. See S. commixta.

S. esserteauana, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Dark
green leaves, divided into broadly oblong
leaflets, redden in fall. Has small, white
flowers, in late spring, followed by large
clusters of rounded, bright red, sometimes
orange-yellow fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. forrestii, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m).
Bluish-green leaves are divided into 15-19
oval to elliptic, toothed leaflets. Corymbs
of creamy-white flowers, in spring, are
followed by small, spherical, fleshy, white
fruits, tinted crimson at bases. Z6-8 H8-6.
S. hupehensis (Hubei mountain ash).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),

S 25ft (8m). Leaves are divided into 9-17
oblong, blue-green leaflets that turn
orange-red in late fall. Small, white flowers,
in late spring, are followed by clusters of
rounded, pink-tinged, white fruits. Z3-8

H8-1. var. obtusa has heavy trusses
of rose-pink fruits. 'Rosea'. See S.
pseudohupehensis.

S. hybrida 'Gibbsii'. Deciduous, compact
tree. H to 22ft (7m), S 13ft (4m). Broadly
ovate, mid-green leaves, with gray
undersides, are more deeply lobed towards
bases. Produces large clusters of cream
flowers in spring, followed by bright red
fruits.

S. insignis. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Leaves are
divided into usually 9-21 large, oblong,
glossy, dark green leaflets. Large clusters
of small, creamy-white flowers, in late
spring, are followed by rounded, pink
fruits that become white in winter.

Z8-10 H10-8.

S. intermedia (Swedish whitebeam), illus.
p.91. Deciduous, broad-headed, dense tree.
H and S 40ft (12m). Has broadly oval,
deeply lobed, dark green leaves. Clusters
of small, white flowers, in late spring, are
followed by rounded, red fruits. Z5-8 H8-3.
S. 'Joseph Rock'. Deciduous, upright
tree. H 30ft (10m), S 22ft (7m). Bright green
leaves, divided into up to 21 leaflets, turn
orange, red and purple in fall. White
flowers, in late spring, are followed by
large clusters of small, yellow berries in
late summer-fall. Z7-8 H8-7.

S. x kewensis, syn. S. pohuashanensis,
illus. p.91. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Dark green leaves
are divided into 11-15 oblong leaflets. Has
small, white flowers in late spring, followed
by dense clusters of rounded, red fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6.

S. latifolia. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). Has peeling bark
and broadly oval, sharply lobed, glossy,
dark green leaves. Small, white flowers,
in late spring, are followed by rounded,
brownish-red fruits. Z6-8 H8-5.

S. megalocarpa, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading tree with sturdy branches. H to
22ft (7m), S 13ft (4m). Has oval, coarsely
toothed, dark green leaves. Corymbs of
pungent, creamy-white flowers in spring
are followed by speckled-brown fruits.

Z6-8 H8-6.

S. 'Mitchellii'. See S. thibetica 'John
Mitchell'.

S. pohuashanensis of gardens. See
S. x kewensis.

S. prattii. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 20ft (6m). Dark green leaves are
divided into 21-9 oblong, sharply toothed
leaflets. Produces small, white flowers in
late spring, followed by rounded, white
fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. pseudohupehensis, syn. S. hupehensis
'Rosea', illus. p.73.

S. reducta, illus. p.346.

S. sargentiana (Sargent's rowan), illus.
p.91. Deciduous, sparsely branched,
spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has
sturdy shoots and large, mid-green leaves,
divided into 7-11 oblong leaflets, that turn
brilliant red in fall. Small, white flowers in
late spring are followed by rounded, red
fruits. Z5-7 H7-5.

S. scalaris, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Leaves
are divided into 21-33 narrowly oblong,
glossy, deep green leaflets and become deep
red and purple in fall. Produces small, white
flowers in late spring, followed by rounded,
red fruits in large, dense clusters. Z6-8 H8-6.

SPARGANIUM

S. scopulina of gardens. See S. aucuparia
'Fastigiata'.

S. thibetica. Deciduous, conical tree.

H 70ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Large, broadly
oval, dark green leaves are silvery-white
when young and remain so on undersides.
Clusters of small, white flowers, in late
spring, are followed by rounded, brown
fruits. Z5-7 H7-5. 'John Mitchell', syn.

S. 'Mitchellii' (illus. p.91) has white flowers
in spring and brown fruits in late summer.
S. x thuringiaca. Deciduous, broadly
conical, compact tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft
(8m). Oval, dark green leaves are deeply
lobed and have 3 pairs of basal leaflets.
Small, white flowers, in late spring, are
followed by rounded, bright red fruits.

Z5-8 H8-5. 'Fastigiata' has upright
branches and a broad, oval, dense crown.
'Scarlet King' produces bright scarlet-red
fruits in larger trusses and has large leaves
bearing up to 6 pairs of leaflets.

S. vestita, syn. S. cuspidata. Deciduous,
broadly conical tree. H to 80ft (25m), S 30ft
(10m). Has very large, veined, gray-green
leaves, white-haired when young. Clusters
of pink-stamened, white flowers, in late
spring or early summer, are followed by
rounded, russet or yellowish-red fruits.
Z6-8 H8-6.

S. vilmorinii, illus. p.91. Deciduous,
spreading, arching tree. H and S 15ft (5m).
Leaves divided into 9-14 pairs of dark green
leaflets turn to orange- or bronze-red in fall.
Has white flowers in late spring and small,
rounded, deep pink fruits in fall. Z6-8 H8-6.
S. 'Wilfred Fox'. Deciduous tree, upright
when young, later with dense, oval head.

H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Has broadly oval,
glossy, dark green leaves and small, white
flowers in late spring, followed by rounded,
orange-brown fruits. Z5-7 H7-5.

SPARAXIS

Harlequin flower

IRIDACEAE

Genus of spring- and early summer¬
flowering corms, grown for their very
gaudy flowers. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Plant in fall. Dry off corms after
flowering. Propagate by offsets in late
summer or by seed in fall.

S. elegans, syn. Streptanthera cuprea,
Streptanthera elegans. Spring-flowering
corm. H 4-10in (10-25cm), S 3-5in (8-12cm).
Has lance-shaped leaves in erect, basal fan.
Stem produces loose spike of 1-5 flattish,
orange or white flowers, lV4-lV2in (3-4cm)
wide, with yellow center surrounded by
purple-black band. Z10-11 H12-10.

S. fragrans subsp. grandiflora, syn.

S. grandiflora. Spring-flowering corm.

H 6-16in (15-40cm), S 3-5in (8-12cm). Has
sword-shaped leaves in erect, basal fan.
Stem bears loose spike of up to 5 flattish,
yellow-tubed, deep purple flowers, IV 2 -2in
(4-5cm) across. Z10-11 H12-10.

S. grandiflora. See S. fragrans subsp.
grandiflora.

S. tricolor, illus. p.418.

SPARGANIUM

Bur reed

SPARGANIACEAE/TYPHACEAE

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen,
perennial, marginal water plants, grown
for their foliage. Prefers sun or partial

701

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SPARRMANNIA

shade and cold water. Remove faded
foliage and cut plants back regularly to
control growth. Propagate by seed or
division in spring.

S. erectum, syn. S. ramosum, illus. p.442.
S. minimum. See S. natans.

S. natans, syn. S. minimum. Vigorous,
deciduous or semievergreen, perennial,
marginal water plant. H 1—3ft (30cm-lm),
S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves are
grasslike, some erect, some floating.

In summer has insignificant, brownish-
green flowers, in the form of burs.

Z5-9 H9-1.

S. ramosum. See S. erectum.
Sparmannia. See Sparrmannia.

SPARRMANNIA

syn. SPARMANNIA

TILIACEAE/SPARRMANNIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Prefers
full light and fertile, well-drained soil.

Water freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Flowered stems
may be cut back after flowering to promote
a more compact habit. Propagate by
greenwood cuttings in late spring.

S. africana, illus. p.453.

SPARTINA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. pectinata 'Aureomarginata', syn.

S. pectinata 'Aureovariegata', illus. p.289.
'Aureovariegata'. See S. pectinata
'Aureomarginata'.

SPARTIUM

LEGUMINOSAE/PAP1LIONACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous, almost
leafless shrub, grown for its green shoots
and showy flowers. Needs sun and not
too rich, well-drained soil. To maintain
a compact habit, trim in early spring.
Propagate by seed in fall.

S.junceum, illus. p.140.

SPATHIPHYLLUM

ARACEAE

702

Genus of evergreen perennials, with
rhizomes, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Prefers a humid atmosphere,
partial shade and rich, moist soil.

Propagate by division in spring or summer.
® All parts of the plants may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested, and contact with
the sap may irritate skin.

S. 'Clevelandii'. See S. wallisii 'Clevelandii'.
S. floribundum. Evergreen, tufted, short¬
stemmed perennial. H and S to 1ft (30cm).
Has clusters of lance-shaped, long-pointed,
long-stalked, glossy, dark green leaves,
to 6in (15cm) long. Intermittently bears
narrowly oval, white spathes, to 3in (8cm)
long, enclosing green-and-white spadix.
Z14-15 H12-1.

S. 'Mauna Loa', illus. p.468.

S. wallisii, illus. p.468. 'Clevelandii',

syn. S. 'Clevelandii' is an evergreen,
tufted perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm).
Has broadly lance-shaped, semierect,
glossy, mid-green leaves, 1ft (30cm)
or more long. Intermittently bears

oval, white spathes, 6in (15cm) long
with central, green line, that surround
fragrant, white spadix.

SPATHODEA

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their
flowers, mainly from fall to spring, and for
their overall appearance. Container-grown
and immature plants seldom bear flowers.
Needs full light and fertile, moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. campanulata, illus. p.453.

SPHAERALCEA

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of perennials and deciduous
subshrubs, evergreen in warm climates.
Requires sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring or
by softwood cuttings in mid-summer.

S. ambigua, illus. p.246.

S. munroana. Branching, woody- based
perennial. H and S 18in (45cm). Solitary,
broadly funnel-shaped, brilliant coral-pink
flowers are borne in leaf axils from summer
until first frosts. Has oval, round-toothed,
hairy, mid-green leaves. Z4-10 H12-8.

Spiloxene capensis. See Hypoxis
capensis.

SPIRAEA

ROSACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or semievergreen
shrubs, grown for their mass of small
flowers and, in some species, their
foliage. Requires sun and fertile, well-
drained but not over-dry soil. On species
and cultivars that flower on the current
year's growth— S. x billiardii, S. douglasii
and S. japonica and its cultivars—cut back
young stems and remove very old ones
in early spring. On species that flower
on old wood, cut out older shoots in early
spring, leaving young shoots to flower
that year. Propagate S. douglasii by
division from late fall to early spring,
other species and cultivars by softwood
cuttings in summer.

S. aitchisonii. See Sorbaria tomentosa var.
angustifolia.

S. arborea. See Sorbaria kirilowii.

S. 'Arguta' (Bridal wreath. Foam of May).
Deciduous, arching, dense shrub. H and
S 8ft (2.5m). Produces clusters of 5-petaled,
white flowers from mid- to late spring.
Leaves are narrowly oblong and bright
green. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. aruncus. See Aruncus dioicus.

S. x billiardii. Deciduous, upright, dense
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, finely
toothed, dark green leaves and dense
panicles of 5-petaled, pink flowers in
summer. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Triumphans' has
large, broadly conical panicles of bright
purplish-pink flowers.

S. canescens, illus. p.128.

S. douglasii. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Dense,
narrow panicles of 5-petaled, purplish-pink
flowers are borne from early to mid¬
summer among oblong, mid-green leaves,
with gray-white undersides. Z5-8 H8-5.
Leaves of subsp. menziesii, H 3ft (lm),
are green on both sides.

S. japonica 'Anthony Waterer', illus.
p.154. 'Goldflame', illus. p.156. 'Little
Princess', illus. p.153.

S. nipponica. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears dense clusters of
5-petaled, white flowers in early summer.
Sturdy, red shoots bear small, rounded,
dark green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Halward's
Silver', H and S 3ft (lm), is slow-growing,
very dense and flowers profusely.
'Snowmound', syn. S. nipponica var.
tosaensis, illus. p.131. var. tosaensis of
gardens. See S. nipponica 'Snowmound'.

S. prunifolia. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). In mid- and late spring
has clusters of rosettelike, double, white
flowers amid rounded to oblong, bright
green leaves, coloring to bronze-yellow in
fall. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. 'Snow White', syn. S. trichocarpa
'Snow White'. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Leaves are oblong and
mid-green. Dense clusters of 5-petaled,
white flowers are borne in late spring and
early summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. sorbifolia. See Sorbaria sorbifolia.

S. thunbergii. Deciduous or
semievergreen, arching, dense shrub.

H 5ft (1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Small clusters of
5-petaled, white flowers are borne from
early to mid-spring. Has narrowly oblong,
pale green leaves. Z5-8 H8-5.

S. trichocarpa 'Snow White'. See
S. 'Snow White'.

S. trilobata. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H 3ft (lm), S 5ft (1.5m). In early summer
bears 5-petaled, white flowers in clusters
along slender shoots. Has rounded,
shallowly lobed, toothed, blue-green leaves.
Z3-7 H7-1.

S. ulmaria. See Filipendula ulmaria.

S. x vanhouttei, illus. p.145.

S. veitchii. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has arching, red
branches and oblong, dark green leaves.
Produces heads of 5-petaled, white flowers
from early to mid-summer. Z4-7 H7-1.

SPIRANTHES

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

S. cernua, illus. p.466. Deciduous,
terrestrial orchid. H 20in (50cm). Spikes
of delicate, white flowers, V 2 in (1cm) long,
with pale yellow centers, are produced in
fall. Has narrowly lance-shaped leaves,
2-5in (5-12cm) long. Requires partial
shade in summer. Z4-8 H8-4.

SPREKELIA

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of one species of bulb, grown for its
showy, red flowers in spring. Needs an
open, sunny site and well-drained soil. Keep
dry in winter; start into growth by watering
in spring. Propagate by offsets in early fall.
S. formosissima, illus. p.402.

STACHYS

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of late spring- or summer¬
flowering perennials, shrubs and
subshrubs, some of which are evergreen.
Species mentioned below prefer an open,
sunny position; others are woodland
plants and grow better in partial shade.

Needs well-drained soil, tolerating
even poor soil. Propagate by division
in spring.

S. byzantina, syn. S. lanata, S. olympica,
illus. p.274. 'Primrose Heron', illus.
p.275. 'Silver Carpet' is an evergreen,
mat-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 24in (60cm). Has oval, woolly, gray
leaves. Rarely produces flowers. Makes
an excellent front-of-border or
groundcover plant.

S. coccinea. Clump-forming perennial.

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has oval, mid¬
green leaves, with pronounced network of
veins. From early to late summer, spikes
of small, hooded, bright scarlet flowers,
protruding from purple calyces, arise from
leaf axils. Z4-8 H8-1.

S. lanata. See S. byzantina.

S. macrantha. Clump-forming
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Has
heart-shaped, crinkled, round-toothed,
soft green leaves. Whorls of large,
hooded, rose-purple flowers are
produced in summer. Z7-9 H9-7.
'Superba', illus. p.270.

S. officinalis, syn. Betonica officinalis
(Bishop's wort. Wood betony). Mat¬
forming perennial. H 18-24in (45-60cm),

S 12-18in (30-45cm). Produces whorls of
hooded, tubular, purple, pink or white
flowers on sturdy stems, arising, in
summer, from mats of oval to oblong,
round-toothed, mid-green leaves. Z5-8
H8-4. 'Hummelo', illus. p.268. 'Rosea'
has flowers of clearer pink.

S. olympica. See S. byzantina.

STACHYURUS

STACHYURACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their flowers, which are borne before the
leaves. Flower spikes, formed in fall, are
harmed by hard frosts. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile, moist but well-
drained, not too heavy soil, preferably
peaty and acid. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

S. chinensis. Deciduous, spreading, open
shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m). Pendent
spikes of small, bell-shaped, pale yellow
flowers are produced in late winter and
early spring. Leaves are oval and deep
green. Z8-9 H9-8.

S. praecox, illus. p.144. 'Magpie' is
a deciduous, spreading, open shrub,
less vigorous than the species. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has arching, red-purple
shoots and oval, tapered, gray-green
leaves, edged with creamy-white. Bell¬
shaped, pale yellow flowers are borne
in late winter and early spring.

Z7-9 H9-7.

STANHOPEA

ORCHIDACEAE

See also ORCHIDS.

S. tigrina. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm).
Pendent spikes of fragrant, waxy, rich
yellow and maroon flowers, 6in (15cm)
across, with red-spotted, white lips, are
produced in summer. Has broadly oval,
ribbed leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Is best
grown in a hanging, slatted basket.
Needs partial shade in summer.

Z13-15 H12-10.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

STAPELIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming, perennial
succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem
edges are often indented and may bear small
leaves that drop after only a few weeks.
Flowers are often foul-smelling. Requires
sun or partial shade and moderately fertile,
well-drained, gritty soil. Propagate by seed
or stem cuttings in spring or summer.

S. europaea. See Caralluma europaea.

S. flavirostris. See S. grandiflora.

S. gigantea, illus. p.496.

S. grandiflora, syn. S. flavirostris, illus.
p.488.

S. variegata. See Orbea variegata.

STAPHYLEA

Bladder nut

STAPHYLEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering
shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers
and bladderlike fruits. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile, moist soil.
Propagate species by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer or by seed
in fall, selected forms by softwood or
greenwood cuttings in summer.

S. colchica. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H and S lift (3.5m). Erect panicles of bell¬
shaped, white flowers are borne in late
spring and are followed by inflated,
greenish-white fruits. Bright green leaves
are divided into 3-5 oval leaflets. Z6-9 H9-6.
S. holocarpa 'Rosea', illus. p.lll.

S. pinnata, illus. p.110.

Statice suworowii. See Psylliostachys
suworowii.

STAUNTONIA

LARDIZABALACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers. Separate male and female
plants are required in order to obtain fruits.
Needs sun or partial shade and well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
cuttings in summer or fall.

S. hexaphylla, illus. p.192.

STENANTHIUM

LILIACEAE/MELANTH1ACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their flowers. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. In cool areas, plant in a warm,
sheltered site in light soil that does not dry
out excessively. Propagate by seed in fall or
by division in spring.

S. gramineum. Summer-flowering bulb.

H to 5ft (1.5m), S 172-2ft (45-60cm). Has
long, narrowly strap-shaped, semierect,
basal leaves. Stem produces dense,
branched, often arching spike of fragrant,
star-shaped, white or green flowers,

V*-7dn (1-1.5cm) across. Z7-9 H9-7.

STENOCACTUS

syn. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS
CACTACEAE ~

Genus of spherical, perennial cacti with
spiny, green stems that have very narrow,
wavy ribs. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Water well in growing season, much less
when dormant in winter as it may rot off.

Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

S. coptonogonus, illus. p.487.

S. crispatus, syn. Echinofossulatus
lamellosus. Spherical, perennial cactus.

H and S 3in (8cm). Green stem has 30-35 ribs.
Funnel-shaped, flesh-colored or red flowers,
Va-lViin (l-3cm) across, are produced from
crown in spring. Has flattened upper radial
spines, shorter, more rounded lower ones
and longer, rounded central spines with
darker tips. Z12-15 H12-1.

S. lamellosus. See S. obvallatus.

S. obvallatus, syn. S. lamellosus,
Echinofossulatus pentacanthus,
Echinofossulatus violaciflora, illus. p.484.

STENOCARPUS

PROTEACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, summer- and fall¬
flowering trees, grown for their flowers
and foliage. Needs full light and fertile,
well-drained soil. Water container plants
moderately, less in winter. Pruning is rarely
necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

S. sinuatus (Firewheel tree). Slow-growing,
evergreen, upright tree. H 40ft (12m) or more,
S 15ft (5m). Has lustrous, deep green leaves,
5-10in (12-25cm) long, lance-shaped and
entire or with pairs of oblong lobes. Bottle¬
shaped, bright scarlet flowers, clustered like
spokes of a wheel, are produced from late
summer to fall. Zll H12-10.

STENOCEREUS

CACTACEAE ~

Genus of treelike or shrubby, perennial
cacti with prominently ribbed stems often
densely spined. Needs full sun and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by stem cuttings in summer.

S. marginatus. See Pachycereus
marginatus.

S. thurberi, syn. Lemaireocereus thurberi.
Columnar, perennial cactus, branching
from low down. H to 22ft (7m), S 3ft (lm).
Has 5-6-ribbed, glossy, dark green stems
with very short-spined areoles set in close
rows down each rib. Produces funnel-
shaped, purple or pink flowers, with red
sepals, in summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

Stenolobium stans. See Tecoma stans.

STENOMESSON

AMARYLLIDACEAE ~

Genus of bulbs, grown for their long, often
pendent, tubular flowers. Needs an open,
sunny situation and well-drained soil.
Propagate by offsets in fall.

S. miniatum, syn. Urceolina peruviana,
illus. p.407.

S. variegatum, illus. p.407.

STENOTAPHRUM

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. secundatum (Buffalo grass, St.
Augustine grass). 'Variegatum' is an
evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous,
perennial grass. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite.
Cream-striped, mid-green leaves last well
into winter. In summer has erect racemes
of brownish-green spikelets. In warm
climates is used for a lawn. Z9-11 H12-9.

STEPHANANDRA

ROSACEAE

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage, fall
color and winter shoots. Needs sun or
partial shade and fertile, not too dry soil.

On established plants, cut out some older
shoots after flowering. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by division
in fall.

S. incisa. Deciduous, arching shrub. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, deeply lobed and
toothed, bright green leaves turn orange-
yellow in fall and stems become rich brown
in winter. Produces crowded panicles of
tiny, star-shaped, greenish-white flowers in
early summer. Z3-8 H8-4. 'Crispa', H 2ft
(60cm), has wavy-edged and more deeply
lobed leaves.

S. tanakae, illus. p.132.

STEPHANOTIS

ASCLEPIADACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their
scented, waxy flowers. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
moderately, less in cold weather. Provide
stems with support. Shorten over-long
or crowded stems in spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

S. floribunda, illus. p.460.

Sterculia acerifolia. See Brachychiton
acerifolius.

Sterculia diversifolia. See Brachychiton
populneus.

Sterculia x platanifolia. See Firmiana
simplex.

STERNBERGIA

AMARYLLI DACEAE ~

Genus of spring- or fall-flowering bulbs,
grown for their large, crocuslike flowers.
Needs full sun and well-drained, heavy
or light soil that dries out in summer,
when bulbs die down and need warmth
and dryness. Leave undisturbed to form
clumps. Propagate by division in spring
or fall.

S. Candida, illus. p.415.

S. clusiana. Fall-flowering bulb. H to 3 Ain
(2cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Strap-shaped,
semierect, grayish-green, basal leaves,
often twisted lengthways, are produced
after flowering. Stems bear erect, goblet¬
shaped, yellow or greenish-yellow
flowers, lV2-3in (4-8cm) long. Z7-10
H10-7.

S. lutea. Fall-flowering bulb. H l-6in
(2.5-15cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Strap¬
shaped, semierect, deep green, basal
leaves are produced at same time as
funnel-shaped, bright yellow flower,

1— 2 V 2 HI (2.5-6cm) long, on leafless stem.
Z7-9 H9-6.

S. sicula. Fall-flowering bulb. H l-3in
(2.5-7cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm). Narrowly
strap-shaped, semierect, deep green,
basal leaves, with central, paler green
stripe, are produced at same time as
flowers. Each stem bears funnel-shaped,
bright yellow flower, 3 /4-l72in (2-4cm)
long. Z6-9 H9-6.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

STIPA

STETSON IA

CACTACEAE

Genus of one species of treelike,
perennial cactus with a sturdy trunk.
Nocturnal, funnel-shaped flowers are
6in (15cm) long. Needs sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.

S. coryne. Treelike, perennial cactus.

H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Has short,
swollen trunk bearing 8- or 9-ribbed,
blue-green stems. Black spines fade
with age to white with black tips.
Funnel-shaped, white flowers are
produced at night in summer.

Z13-15 H12-10.

STEWARTIA

syn. STUARTIA

THEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs,
grown for their flowers, fall color and
usually peeling bark. Needs shelter from
strong winds, a sunny position, but
preferably with roots in shade, and fertile,
moist but well-drained, neutral to acid soil.
Resents being transplanted. Propagate
by softwood cuttings in summer or by
seed in fall.

S. malacodendron. Deciduous, spreading
tree or shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m).
Roselike, purple-stamened, white flowers,
some-times purple-streaked, are borne in
mid-summer amid oval, dark green leaves.
Z7-9 H9-6.

S. monadelpha, illus. p.76.

S. pseudocamellia, illus. p.78.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 70ft (20m),

S 25ft (8m). Has ornamental, peeling
bark and bears roselike, white flowers
in mid-summer. Oval, mid-green leaves
turn orange and red in fall. Z5-8 H8-4.

S. sinensis. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 40ft (12m), S 22ft (7m). Has peeling bark
and oval, bright green leaves that turn
brilliant red in fall. Fragrant, roselike,
white flowers are produced in mid¬
summer. Z5-8 H8-5.

STIGMAPHYLLON

MALPIGHIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their
flowers. Needs partial shade and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, less in low
temperatures. Provide stems with
support. Thin out crowded stems in
spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

S. ciliatum, illus. p.464.

STIPA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

S. arundinacea. See S. lessoniana.

S. calamagrostis, syn. Achnatherum
calamagrostis, illus. p.286.

S. gigantea, illus. p.287.

S. lessoniana, syn. S. arundinacea,
Anemanthele lessioniana, illus. p.289.

S. tenuissima, illus. p.288.

703

STOKES IA

STOKES IA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen,
summer-flowering perennial. Requires sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

S. laevis, illus. p.269. 'Blue Star' is an
evergreen, basal-rosetted perennial. H and
S 12-18in (30-45cm). Bears cornflowerlike,
deep blue flower heads singly at stem tips
in summer. Has narrowly lance-shaped,
dark green leaves.

STOMATIUM

AIZOACEAE

Genus of mat-forming, perennial
succulents with short stems, each bearing
4-6 pairs of solid, 3-angled or
semicylindrical leaves, often with toothed
edges and incurved tips. Needs sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

S. agninum. Mat-forming, perennial
succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 3ft (lm) or more.
Has solid, 3-angled or semicylindrical, soft
gray-green leaves, 172-2in (4-5cm) long,
often without teeth. In summer, fragrant,
daisylike, yellow flowers, 3 A-2in (2-5cm)
across, open in evening. Z13-15 H12-10.

S. patulum. Mat-forming, perennial
succulent. H PUin (3cm), S 3ft (lm). Has
semicylindrical, gray-green leaves,

3 Ain (2cm) long, with rough dots and 2-9
teethlike tubercles on upper surface. Bears
fragrant, daisylike, pale yellow flowers,
3 Ain (2cm) across, in evening in summer.
Z13-15 H12-10.

Strangweja spicata. See Bellevalia
hyacinthoides.

Stranvaesia. See Photinia.

STRATIOTES

HYDROCHARITACEAE ~

Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
submerged, free-floating water plants,
grown for their foliage. Requires sun.
Grows in any depth of cool water. Thin
plants as required. Propagate by separating
young plants from runners in summer.

S. aloides, illus. p.435.

STRELITZIA

Bird-of-paradise flower
MUSACEAE/STRELITZIACEAE

Genus of large, evergreen, tufted, clump¬
forming, palmlike perennials, grown for
their showy flowers. Grow in bright light
shaded from direct sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Reduce watering in low
temperatures. Propagate by seed or
division of suckers in spring.

S. nicolai. Evergreen, palmlike perennial
with a sturdy trunk. H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m).
Has oblong leaves, 5ft (1.5m) or more long,
on very long stalks and intermittently bears
beaklike, white and pale blue flowers in boat¬
shaped, dark purple bracts. Z12-15 H12-10.
S. reginae, illus. p.476.

704

Streptanthera cuprea. See Sparaxis
elegans.

Streptanthera elegans. See Sparaxis
elegans.

STREPTOCARPUS

GESNERIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, with showy flowers. Needs a
humid atmosphere, bright light away from
direct sunlight and rich, moist soil. Avoid
wetting leaves when watering; water less
during cold periods. Propagate by seed in
spring, by division after flowering, bushy
species by tip cuttings in spring or summer,
stemless species by leaf cuttings in spring
or summer.

S. 'Amanda', illus. p.473.

S. caulescens. Erect perennial. H and
S 18in (45cm) or more. Has small, narrow
to oval, fleshy, dark green leaves. Stalked
clusters of small, tubular, violet-striped,
violet or white flowers are produced
in leaf axils intermittently. Z14-15
H12-10.

S. 'Constant Nymph'. Evergreen,
stemless, rosetted perennial. H lOin (25cm),
S 20in (50cm). Has strap-shaped, wrinkled
leaves. Funnel-shaped, purplish-blue
flowers, darker veined and yellow-
throated, are intermittently produced
in small clusters. Z13-15 H12-10.

S. 'Crystal Ice', illus. p.465.

S. kentaniensis. Stemless perennial.

H lOin (25cm), S 8in (20cm). Has loose
whorls of narrowly lance-shaped, wrinkled,
semierect, hairy, dark green leaves, with
prominent mid-vein. Clusters of 2-5 small,
white flowers, with radiating, violet vein
pattern, are borne mainly in winter but can
appear all year long under ideal conditions.
S. 'Nicola', illus. p.469.

S. rexii. Stemless, rosetted perennial.

H to lOin (25cm), S to 20in (50cm). Has
strap-shaped, wrinkled, green leaves.

Stems bear loose clusters of funnel-shaped,
pale blue or mauve flowers, with darker
lines, intermittently at any time of year.
Z13-15 H12-10.

S. saxorum, illus. p.310.

STREPTOSOLEN

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen or
semievergreen, loosely scrambling shrub,
grown for its flowers. Requires full sun and
rich, well-drained soil. Water freely when
in full growth, less at other times. After
flowering or in spring, remove flowered
shoots and tie in new growths. Propagate
by softwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer.

S. jamesonii, illus. p.464.

STROBILANTHES

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of perennials and evergreen
subshrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs
partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed, basal stem cuttings or
division in spring.

S. atropurpureus , illus. p.250.

S. dyerianus , illus. p.311.

STROMANTHE

MARANTACEAE

Genus of evergreen, creeping perennials,
grown mainly for their foliage. Prefers
high humidity, sun or partial shade and
fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Use

soft water if possible and do not allow to
dry out completely. Propagate by division
in spring.

S. sanguinea. Strong-growing,
evergreen, creeping perennial. H and S to
5ft (1.5m). Lance-shaped leaves, to 18in
(45cm) long, are glossy, green above with
paler midribs, reddish beneath. Bears
panicles of small, 3-petaled, white flowers
in axils of showy, bright red bracts,
usually in spring but also in summer-fall.
Z13-15 H12-10.

STROM BOCACTUS

CACTACEAE

Genus of extremely slow-growing,
hemispherical to cylindrical, perennial
cacti. Takes 5 years from seed to reach
Van (1cm) high. Funnel-shaped flowers
are 17an (4cm) across. Needs sun and
very well-drained soil. Susceptible to
over-watering. Propagate by seed in
spring or summer.

S. disciformis, illus. p.481.

STRONGYLODON

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their large,
clawlike flowers. Needs partial shade and
rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
freely when in full growth, less at other
times. Provide support. If necessary, thin
crowded stems in spring. Propagate by
seed or stem cuttings in summer or by
layering in spring.

S. macrobotrys (Emerald creeper. Jade
vine). Fast-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 70ft (20m).
Leaves are divided into 3 oval, glossy
leaflets. Has clawlike, luminous, blue-green
flowers in long, pendent spikes in winter¬
spring. Z15 H12-10.

Stuartia. See Stewartia.

STYLIDIUM

STYLIDIACEAE

Genus of perennials with grasslike leaves,
grown for their unusual flowers that have
fused, "triggered" stamens adapted for
pollination by insects. Needs bright light
and fertile soil. Propagate by seed in
spring.

S. graminifolium (Trigger plant).
Rosetted perennial. H and S to 6in (15cm)
or more. Grasslike, stiff, dark green
leaves, with toothed margins, rise from
ground level. Bears tiny, pale pinkish-
mauve flowers in narrow spikes, 12in
(30cm) or more long, in summer. Z13-15
H12-10.

STYLOPHORUM

PAPAVERACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering perennials with
large, deeply lobed leaves, nearly all as
basal rosettes. Needs partial shade and
rich, moist, peaty soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall.

S. diphyllum. Rosetted perennial. H and
S to 12in (30cm) or more. Has large, lobed,
hairy leaves. Bears open cup-shaped,
golden-yellow flowers in spring on upright,
branched stems. Prefers rich, woodland
conditions. Z5-8 H8-1.

STYRAX

STYRACACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering
trees and shrubs, grown for their foliage
and flowers. Prefers a sheltered position in
sun or partial shade and moist, neutral to
acid soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

S. japonic us, illus. p.72.

S. obassia (Fragrant snowbell).

Deciduous, spreading tree. H 40ft (12m),

S 22ft (7m). Bears long, spreading clusters
of fragrant, bell- to funnel-shaped, white
flowers in early summer. Has rounded,
dark green leaves, blue-gray beneath,
turning yellow in fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

S. officinalis , illus. p.112.

S. wilsonii, illus. p.129.

Sulcorebutia arenacea. See Rebutia
arenacea.

Sulcorebutia rauschii. See Rebutia
steinmannii.

Sulcorebutia tiraquensis. See Rebutia
steinbachii subsp. tiraquensis.

SUTERA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen, creeping
perennials and evergreen shrubs and
subshrubs, grown for their showy, but
small, flowers. Is suitable for hanging
baskets and containers. Needs full sun
and fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate in spring by seed or division
or in spring-summer by stem-tip cuttings.
S. cordata Snowstorm Series Giant
Snowflake ('Danova906'), illus. p.298.

S. grandiflora. See Jamesbrittenia
grandiflora.

S. 'Snowflake'. Freely branching, trailing
perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm) or
more. Heart-shaped, hairy leaves are Van
(lcm) wide. Has 5-lobed, white flowers,

3 /4in (2cm) wide, with yellow stamens,
borne towards shoot tips.

SUTHERLANDIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flowers and fruits. Requires full light and
fertile, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Remove old,
twiggy stems at ground level in late winter.
Propagate by seed in spring. Red spider
mite may be troublesome.

S. frutescens, illus. p.456.

SWAINSONA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials,
subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their
flowers. Needs full light or partial shade
and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in growth, moderately at other times.
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

S. galegifolia (Darling pea. Swan flower).
Evergreen, sprawling subshrub. H 2-4ft
(60cm-1.2m), S 1—2ft (30-60cm). Leaves are
divided into 11-25 narrowly oval, mid- to
deep green leaflets. Bears pealike, red,
pink, purple, blue or yellow flowers in late
spring and summer. Remove old, flowered
shoots in late winter. Z13-15 H12-10.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SYAGRUS

Queen palm
PALMAE/ARECACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen palm,
grown for its majestic appearance.
Requires full light or partial shade and
rich, well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately, less when
temperatures are low. Propagate by seed
in spring at not less than 75°F (24°C). Red
spider mite may be a nuisance.

S. romanzoffiana, syn. Arecastrum
romanozoffianum (Queen palm). Sturdy,
evergreen palm. H to 70ft (20m), S 20-30ft
(6-10m). Has feather-shaped leaves divided
into lustrous, green leaflets. Mature trees
bear clusters of yellow flowers in summer.
Z15 H12-11.

SYCOPSIS

HAMAM ELI DACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage and flowers. Needs
a sheltered position in sun or partial shade
and fertile, not too dry, peaty soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
S. sinensis. Evergreen, upright shrub.

H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are oval,
glossy and dark green. Flowers lack petals
but have showy, dense clusters of red-
tinged, yellow anthers in late winter or
early spring. Zll H12-10.

SYMPHORICARPOS

CAPRI FOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, with
inconspicuous, bell-shaped flowers, grown
mainly for their clusters of showy, long-
persistent fruits. Requires sun or partial
shade and fertile soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by division
in fall. ® The fruits may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested; contact with
them may irritate skin.

S. albus (Snowberry). Z3-7 H7-1. var.
laevigatus (illus. p.142) is a vigorous,
deciduous, dense shrub, part upright, part
arching. H and S 6ft (2m). Pink flowers, in
summer, are followed by large, marblelike,
white fruits. Rounded leaves are dark green.
S. x chenaultii 'Hancock'. Deciduous,
procumbent, dense shrub. H 3ft (lm),

S 10ft (3m). Has oval, bronze leaves
maturing to bright green. White flowers
are produced from early to mid-summer.
Small, spherical, deep lilac-pink fruits are
sparsely borne. Makes excellent
groundcover. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. orbiculatus (Coralberry, Indian
currant). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Has white or pink flowers
in late summer and early fall, followed by
spherical, deep purplish-red fruits. Oval
leaves are dark green. Does best after a hot
summer. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Foliis Variegatis',
syn. S. orbiculatus 'Variegatus', illus. p.160.
'Variegatus'. See S. orbiculatus 'Foliis
Variegatis'.

Symphyandra armena. See Campanula
armena.

Symphyandra pendula. See Campanula
pendula.

Symphyandra wanneri. See Campanula
wanneri.

SYMPHYTUM

Comfrey

BORAGINACEAE ~

Genus of vigorous, coarse perennials, most
suitable for wild gardens. Prefers sun or
partial shade and moist soil. Propagate by
division in spring or by seed in fall, named
cultivars by division only. Usually self¬
seeds. ® The roots and leaves may cause
severe discomfort if ingested; contact with
foliage may irritate skin.

S. caucasicum , illus. p.227.

S. 'Goldsmith', syn. S. ibericum 'Jubilee'.
Clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has ovate, hairy, dark green leaves
with gold and cream markings. Bears pale
blue flowers, tinged cream or pink, in
spring. Z5-9 H9-5.

S. grandiflorum of gardens. See
S. ibericum.

S. 'Hidcote Blue'. Clump-forming
perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm).

Is similar to S. ibericum, but has pale blue
flowers. Z4-7.

S. ibericum , syn. S. grandiflorum. Clump¬
forming perennial. H lOin (25cm), S 24in
(60cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy, rich green
leaves. Bears one-sided racemes of tubular,
creamy flowers in spring. Makes good
groundcover. Z3-9 H9-1.

S. ibericum 'Jubilee'. See S. 'Goldsmith'.
S. x uplandicum (Russian comfrey).
'Variegatum', illus. p.227.

SYMPLOCOS

SYMPLOCACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and
shrubs, of which only the species described
below is in general cultivation, being
grown for its flowers and fruits. Fruits
are most prolific when several plants are
grown together. Needs full sun and fertile,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in fall.

S. paniculata (Sapphireberry, Chinese
lilac), illus. p.142. Deciduous, bushy shrub
or small tree. H and S 15ft (5m). Has oval,
dark green leaves. Panicles of small,
fragrant, star-shaped, white flowers, in late
spring and early summer, are followed by
small, metallic-blue fruits. Z5-8 H8-4.

Synadenium compactum var.
rubrum. See Euphorbia bicompacta
var. rubra.

Synadenium grantii 'Rubrum' of
gardens. See Euphorbia bicompacta
var. rubra.

SYNGONIUM

ARACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, root
climbers, grown for their ornamental
foliage. Flowers are seldom produced in
cultivation. Needs partial shade and rich,
well-drained soil. Water moderately, less in
low temperatures. Provide support, ideally
with moss poles. Remove young stem tips to
promote branching. Propagate by leaf-bud
or stem-tip cuttings in summer. ® All parts
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested;
contact with the sap may irritate skin.

S. auritum, syn. Philodendron auritum,
Philodendron trifoliatum (Five fingers).
Fairly slow-growing, evergreen, woody-
stemmed, root climber. H 3—6ft (l-2m). Has

glossy, rich green leaves divided into 3,
sometimes 5, oval leaflets, the central one
the largest. Z14-15 H12-10.

S. erythrophyllum. Slow-growing,
evergreen, root climber with slender,
woody stems. H 3ft (lm) or more. Young
plants have arrowhead-shaped leaves,
flushed purple beneath. Leaves on mature
plants have 3 lobes or leaflets and thicker,
longer stems. Z14-15 H12-10.

S. hoffmannii. Moderately vigorous,
evergreen, woody-stemmed, root climber.

H 6—10ft (2-3m). Young plants have
arrowhead-shaped leaves; mature ones
have leaves divided into 3 gray-green
leaflets, with silvery-white veins. Z14-15
H12-10.

S. podophyllum, syn. Nephthytis triphylla,
illus. p.463. 'Trileaf Wonder', illus. p.460.

SYNNOTIA

I Rl DACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering corms, with
fans of lance-shaped leaves, grown for
their loose spikes of flowers, each with
6 unequal petals, hooded like a small
gladiolus. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Plant in fall. Dry off after flowering.
Propagate by seed or offsets in fall.

S. variegata. Spring-flowering corm.

H 4-14in (10-35cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm).
Produces erect leaves in basal fan. Long-
tubed flowers have upright, purple, upper
petals and narrower, pale yellowish-purple,
lower ones curving downwards. Z9-10
H10-9. var. metelerkampiae produces
smaller flowers.

SYNTHYRIS

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen or deciduous, spring¬
flowering perennials with gently spreading,
rhizomatous rootstocks. Is useful for rock
gardens and peat beds. Prefers partial
shade and moist soil. Propagate in late
spring by seed or division.

S. missurica var. stellata. See S. stellata.
S. reniformis. Evergreen, clump-forming
perennial. H 3-4in (8-10cm), S 6in (15cm).
Has kidney-shaped to rounded, toothed,
dark green leaves and, in spring, short,
dense racemes of small, bell-shaped, blue
flowers. Z7-9 H9-7.

S. stellata, syn. S. missurica var. stellata,
illus. p.355.

SYRINGA

Lilac

OLEACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees,
grown for their dense panicles of small,
tubular flowers, usually extremely
fragrant. Needs sun and deep, fertile,
well-drained, preferably alkaline soil.
Obtain plants on their own roots, since
grafted plants usually sucker freely.
Remove flower heads from newly planted
lilacs, and dead-head for first few years.
Cut out weak shoots in winter and, to
maintain shape, prune after flowering.
Straggly, old plants may be cut back hard
in winter, but the next season's flowers
will then be lost. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer. Leaf miners, leaf spot
and lilac blight may be troublesome. See
also feature panel p.115.

SYRINGA

S. 'Belle de Nancy'. See S. vulgaris 'Belle
de Nancy 7 .

S. 'Bellicent'. See S. x josiflexa 'Bellicent'.
S. 'Blue Hyacinth'. See S. x hyacinthiflora
'Blue Hyacinth'.

S. 'Charles Joly'. See S. vulgaris 'Charles
Joly'.

S. x chinensis (Rouen lilac). Deciduous,
arching shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears
large, arching panicles of fragrant, tubular,
single, lilac-purple flowers in late spring.
Oval leaves are dark green. Z3-8 H8-1.
'Alba' has white flowers.

S. 'Clarke's Giant'. See S. x hyacinthiflora
'Clarke's Giant'.

S. 'Congo'. See S. vulgaris 'Congo'.

S. 'Cora Brandt'. See S. x hyacinthiflora
'Cora Brandt'.

S. 'Decaisne'. See S. vulgaris 'Decaisne'.

S. emodi (Himalayan lilac). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 12ft
(4m). Bears unpleasantly scented, tubular,
single, very pale lilac flowers, in large,
upright panicles, in early summer. Has
large, oval, dark green leaves. Z7-8 H8-7.

S. 'Esther Staley'. See S. x hyacinthiflora
'Esther Staley'.

S. 'Fountain'. Vigorous, deciduous,
arching, open shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft
(5m). Large, nodding panicles of fragrant,
tubular, single, deep pink flowers are
produced above large, oval, dark green
leaves in early summer. Z7-8 H8-7.

S. x hyacinthiflora 'Blue Hyacinth', syn.
S. 'Blue Hyacinth' Deciduous, bushy shrub,
upright when young, later spreading.

H and S 10ft (3m). Bears large, loose
panicles of fragrant, single, pale lilac-blue
flowers from mid-spring to early summer.
Has broadly heart-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Clarke's Giant', syn.

S. 'Clarke's Giant', H and S 15ft (5m), has
lavender flowers, mauve-pink within,
opening from mauve-pink buds from mid-
to late spring. Has dark green leaves.

'Cora Brandt', syn. S. 'Cora Brandt'
produces double, white flowers in large
open panicles. 'Esther Staley', syn.

S. 'Esther Staley' is vigorous, with broadly
conical panicles of red buds opening to
lilac-pink flowers.

S. 'Isabella'. See S. x prestoniae 'Isabella'.
S. 'Jan van Tol'. See S. vulgaris 'Jan van
Tor.

S. x josiflexa 'Bellicent', syn. S.
'Bellicent'. Deciduous, upright, then
arching shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m).
Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single,
clear pink flowers are borne above oval,
dark green leaves in late spring and early
summer.

S. 'Katherine Havemeyer'. See

S. vulgaris 'Katherine Havemeyer'.

S. komarowii subsp. reflexa, illus.
p.115. Vigorous, upright shrub. H and
S 13ft (4m). Sturdy stems bear elliptic-
oblong, dark green leaves. Rich purple-
pink flowers are borne in slender, nodding
panicles in late spring and early summer.
Z6-7 H7-6.

S. 'Madame Antoine Buchner'. See

S. vulgaris 'Madame Antoine Buchner'.

S. 'Madame F. Morel'. See S. vulgaris
'Madame F. Morel'.

S. 'Madame Florent Stepman'. See

S. vulgaris 'Madame Florent Stepman'.

S. 'Madame Lemoine'. See S. vulgaris
'Madame Lemoine'.

S. 'Marechal Foch'. See S. vulgaris

705

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

SYRINGA

s

706

'Marechal Foch'.

S. 'Massena'. See S. vulgaris 'Massena'.

S. 'Maud Notcutt'. See S. vulgaris 'Maud
Notcutt'.

S. meyeri 'Palibin', syn. S. palibianina,

S. velutina, illus. p.115. Slow-growing,
deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H 5—6ft
(1.5-2m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has small, oval, deep
green leaves. Produces dense panicles of
fragrant, tubular, single, lilac-pink flowers in
late spring and early summer. Z4-7 H7-1.

S. 'Michel Buchner'. See S. vulgaris
'Michel Buchner'.

S. microphylla. See S. pubescens subsp.
microphylla.

S. 'Monge'. See S. vulgaris 'Monge'.

S. 'Mrs. Edward Harding'. See

S. vulgaris 'Mrs. Edward Harding'.

S. palibianina of gardens. See S. meyeri
'Palibin'.

S. 'Paul Thirion'. See S. vulgaris 'Paul
Thirion'.

S. x persica (Persian lilac), illus. p.115.
Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and
S 6ft (2m). Produces small, dense panicles
of fragrant, tubular, purple flowers in late
spring. Leaves are narrow, pointed and
dark green. Z3-7 H7-1. 'Alba' (illus. p.115)
has white flowers.

S. 'President Grevy'. See S. vulgaris
'President Grevy'.

S. x prestoniae 'Isabella', syn.

S. 'Isabella'. Vigorous, deciduous, upright
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Has large,
nodding panicles of fragrant, tubular,
single, lilac-purple flowers, almost white
within, in early summer, and large, oval,
dark green leaves.

S. 'Primrose'. See S. vulgaris 'Primrose'.
S. pubescens subsp. microphylla , syn.
S. microphylla Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 6ft (2m). Small panicles of very
fragrant, tubular, single, pink flowers are
borne in early summer, and often again in
fall, amid oval, mid-green leaves.
'Superba' (illus. p.115) has rose-pink
flowers. After initial flowering, it blooms
irregularly until fall, subsp. patula 'Miss
Kim' (illus. p.115) bears purple flowers
maturing to bluish-white.

S. reticulata. Deciduous, broadly conical
tree or shrub. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m).
Large panicles of fragrant, tubular, single,
creamy-white flowers are borne above
oval, taper-pointed, bright green leaves
from early to mid-summer. Z3-8 H8-3.

S. 'Souvenir de Louis Spath'. See
S. vulgaris 'Andenken an Ludwig Spath'.

S. velutina of gardens. See S. meyeri
'Palibin'.

S. vulgaris. Z3-8 H8-3. 'Andenken an
Ludwig Spath', syn. S. 'Souvenir de Louis
Spath' (illus. p.115) is a deciduous, upright,
then spreading shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
Long, slender panicles of fragrant, tubular,
single, deep purplish-red flowers are borne
profusely above heart-shaped, dark green
leaves in late spring. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Belle de
Nancy', syn. S. 'Belle de Nancy' has large,
dense panicles of double, mauve-pink
flowers opening from purple-red buds.

Z4-8 H8-1. 'Charles Joly', syn. S. 'Charles
Joly', H and S 10ft (3m), bears deep purple-
red flowers from mid-spring to early
summer. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Congo', syn.

S. 'Congo' bears large panicles of single,
deep lilac-purple flowers, purplish-red in
bud, in spring. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Decaisne',
syn. S. 'Decaisne' is compact, with masses

of single, dark blue flowers that are shaded
purple, and mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Firmament' (illus. p.115) bears masses of
lilac-blue flowers in mid-spring. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Jan van Tol', syn. S. 'Jan van Tol' bears
long, semipendent panicles of single,
narrow-petaled, pure white flowers. Z4-8
H8-1. 'Katherine Havemeyer', syn. S.
'Katherine Havemeyer' (illus. p.115) has
double, lavender-purple, then lavender-
pink flowers in dense, conical panicles.

Z4-8 H8-1. 'Madame Antoine Buchner',
syn. S. 'Madame Antoine Buchner' bears
long, narrow panicles of deep purple-red
buds, which open to double, pinkish-mauve
flowers, fading with age. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Madame Florent Stepman', syn.

S. 'Madame Florent Stepman', illus. p.113.
'Madame F. Morel', syn. S. 'Madame F.
Morel' produces large panicles of single,
light violet-purple flowers that are purple
in bud. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Madame Lemoine',
syn. S. 'Madame Lemoine' (illus. p.115)
bears compact panicles of large, double,
white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Marechal
Foch', syn. S. 'Marechal Foch' has broad,
open panicles of very large, single,
carmine-pink flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Massena', syn. S. 'Massena' bears loose
panicles of large, deep red-purple flowers.
Z4-8 H8-1. 'Maud Notcutt', syn. S. 'Maud
Notcutt' produces large panicles of single,
pure white flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Michel
Buchner', syn. S. 'Michel Buchner' has
large panicles of double, pink-lilac flowers,
with white eyes. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Monge', syn.
S. 'Monge' produces masses of very large,
single, deep purple-red flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.
'Mrs. Edward Harding', syn. S. 'Mrs.
Edward Harding' has large panicles of
double or semidouble, purple-red flowers
that fade to pink. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Paul
Thirion', syn. S. 'Paul Thirion' produces
double lilac-pink flowers that open from
deep purple-red buds. Z4-8 H8-1.
'President Grevy', syn. S. 'President
Grevy' bears very large panicles of double,
lilac-blue flowers that open from red-
violet buds. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Primrose', syn.

S. 'Primrose' has small, dense panicles of
pale yellow flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

S. yunnanensis. Deciduous, upright
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S to 10ft (3m). In early
summer, large, oval, pointed, dark green
leaves set off slender panicles of 4-petaled,
pale pink or white flowers. Z6-7 H7-6.

SYZYGIUM

MYRTACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their overall appearance.
Prefers full light and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water container plants freely when in
full growth, moderately at other times.

Is very tolerant of pruning, but is best
grown naturally. Propagate by seed in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
S. paniculatum, syn. Eugenia australis,
Eugenia paniculata, illus. p.450.

T

TABEBUIA

BIGNONIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, mainly
spring-flowering trees, grown for their
flowers and for shade. Requires full light
and fertile, well-drained but not dry soil.
Pot-grown plants are unlikely to flower.
Pruning, other than shaping while young
in fall, is not needed. Propagate by seed
or air-layering in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

T. chrysotricha , illus. p.452.

T. donnell-smithii. See Cybistax donnell-
smithii.

T. pentaphylla of gardens. See T. rosea.

T. rosea, syn. T. pentaphylla (Pink trumpet
tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, rounded
tree, deciduous in cool climates. H and
S 50ft (15m) or more. Leaves are divided
into 5 oval leaflets. Produces trumpet¬
shaped, rose- to lavender-pink or white
flowers, with yellow throats, in terminal
clusters in spring. Z14-15 H12-10.

TACCA

TACCACEAE/DIOSCOREACEAE ~

Genus of perennials with rhizomes,
grown for their curious flowers. Needs a
fairly humid atmosphere, partial shade and
peaty soil. Water sparingly during resting
period in winter. Propagate by division or
seed, if available, in spring.

T. chantrieri (Bat flower. Cat's whiskers.
Devil flower). Clump-forming, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). Narrowly
oblong, stalked, arching leaves are 18in
(45cm) or more long. In summer produces
flower umbels with green or purplish
bracts on stems to 24in (60cm) long.
Individual flowers are nodding, bell¬
shaped, 6-petaled and green, turning
purple with long, pendent, maroon to
purple threads. Z14-15 H12-10.

T. leontopetaloides (East Indian
arrowroot. South Sea arrowroot). Clump¬
forming, rhizomatous perennial. H and
S lVzft (45cm). Long-stalked, green leaves,
to 3ft (lm) long, are deeply 3-lobed, each
lobe also divided. In summer, stems to
3ft (lm) long bear flower umbels of 4-12
purple or brown bracts and 20-40 small,
6-petaled, yellow or purplish-green
flowers, with long, purple to brown
threads. Rhizomes yield edible starch.
Z14-15 H12-10.

Tacitus bellus. See Graptopetalum
bellum.

Tacsonia mollissima. See Passiflora
mollissima.

Tacsonia van-volxemii. See Passiflora
antioquiensis.

TAGETES

Marigold

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals that flower continuously
throughout summer and until the fall frosts.
Is useful as bedding plants and for edging.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Deadhead to ensure a long flowering
period. Propagate by seed sown under

glass in mid-spring. Is prone to slugs,
snails and botrytis. The African marigolds
are excellent for formal bedding, whereas
the French, Afro-French and Signet
marigolds are more suitable for the edge
of a mixed border. All are good in
containers and provide long-lasting cut
flowers. 0 Contact with the foliage may
aggravate skin allergies. Four main
hybrid groups are grown.

African marigolds (African Group)
Compact annuals, derived from T. erecta,
with angular, hairless stems and pinnate,
sparsely glandular leaves, 2-4in (5-10cm)
long, each with 11-17 narrowly lance¬
shaped, pointed, sharply toothed leaflets,
to 2in (5cm) long. Large, densely double,
pompon-like, terminal flower heads,
usually to 5in (12cm) across, each with 5-8
or more ray-florets and numerous orange
to yellow disc-florets, are produced from
late spring to fall. S to 18in (45cm).

French marigolds (French Group)
Compact annuals, derived from T. patula,
with hairless, purple-tinged stems and
pinnate leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, with
lance-shaped to narrowly lance-shaped,
toothed leaflets, to VMn (3cm) long.

Solitary, usually double flower heads,
typically to 2in (5cm) across, with few to
many red-brown, yellow, orange or parti¬
colored ray-florets and usually several disc-
florets, are borne singly or in cyme-like
inflorescences from late spring to fall.

S to 12in (30cm).

Afro-French marigolds (Afro-French
Group)

Bushy annuals, derived from crosses of
T. erecta and T. patula, with angular to
rounded stems, branched and sometimes
stained purple, and pinnate leaves, 2-5in
(5-13cm) long, with lance-shaped leaflets,
to 2in (5cm) long. Numerous small, single
or double, yellow or orange flower heads,
usually l-2%in (2.5-6cm) across, often
marked red-brown, are borne singly or
in cyme-like inflorescences from late spring
to faU. S 12-16in (30-40cm).

Signet marigolds (Signet Group)
Upright annuals, derived from T. tenuifolia,
with cylindrical, simple or many-branched
stems and pinnate leaves, 2-5in (5-13cm)
long, with narrowly lance-shaped, toothed
leaflets, to 34in (2cm) long. Many single
flower heads, usually to lin (2.5cm) across,
with yellow or orange florets (few ray-
florets and several disc-florets), are borne
in cyme-like inflorescences from late spring
to fall. S to 16in (40cm).

T. Antigua Series. Compact African
marigolds. H to 12in (30cm). Bear orange,
lemon-yellow, golden-yellow or primrose-
yellow flower heads from late spring to
early fall. H12-1.

T. Beaux Series. Afro-French marigolds.
H 14in (35cm). Bear double flower heads of
rich golden-yellow, orange with red splash,
or copper-red, from late spring to early fall.
H12-1.

T. Bonanza Series. French marigolds.

H 12in (30cm). In summer have double
flowers in deep orange-mahogany with
gold margins, golden orange-mahogany
or orange-yellow-mahogany. H12-1.

T. Boy Series. Compact French marigolds.
H 8-12in (20-30cm). Have divided, mid¬
green leaves. Produce double, crested
flower heads in shades of orange, yellow.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

gold, mahogany-red, and yellow with
mahogany-brown centers from late spring
to summer. H12-1. [Orange], illus. p.324.

T. 'Cinnabar', illus. p.308.

T. Disco Series. French marigolds.

H 8-10in (20-25cm). Single, weather-
resistant flower heads in range of colors,
including yellow, golden-yellow with
mahogany markings, golden-red and red-
orange, are borne from late spring to early
fall. H12-1.

T. erecta (African marigold). Fast¬
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 1—3ft
(30cm-lm), S l-lVaft (30-45cm). Has very
deeply divided, aromatic, glossy, deep
green leaves. Daisylike, double flower
heads are produced in summer and early
fall. H12-1.

T. Gem Series. Signet marigolds. H to 9in
(23cm). Produce flower heads in lemon-
yellow, deep orange, or bright orange with
darker markings. H12-1. 'Lemon Gem'
has lemon-yellow flower heads.
'Tangerine Gem', illus. p.326.

T. Gold Coins Series, illus. p.320.

T. 'Honeycomb'. French marigold. H lOin
(25cm). Produces crested, double, yellow-
and reddish-orange flower heads. H12-1.

T. Lady Series. African marigolds.

H 16-18in (40-45cm). Produce orange,
primrose-yellow, yellow or golden-yellow
flower heads from late spring to early fall.
H12-1.

T. Marvel Series. Compact African
marigolds. H 18in (45cm). Produce densely
double flower heads in gold, orange, yellow,
lemon-yellow, or in formula mixture of
colors, from late spring to early fall. H12-1.
T. Mischief Series. French marigolds.

H to 12in (30cm) or more. Have single
flower heads in mahogany-red, yellow or
golden-yellow, with some bicolors, from
late spring to early fall. H12-1.

T. 'Naughty Marietta', illus. p.322.

T. patula (French marigold). Fast¬
growing, bushy annual. H and S to 1ft
(30cm). Has deeply divided, aromatic, deep
green leaves. Single or carnation-like,
double flower heads, in shades of yellow,
orange, red or mahogany, are borne in
summer and early fall. H12-1.

T. Safari Series 'Safari Tangerine'.
French marigold. H 8-10in (20-25cm). Has
double, broad-petaled, rich tangerine-
orange flower heads from late spring to
early fall. H12-1.

T. 'Vanilla'. African marigold. H to 14in
(35cm). Has creamy-white flower heads
from late spring to early fall. H12-1.

T. Voyager Series. Compact African
marigolds. H 12-14in (30-35cm). Large,
yellow or orange flower heads are borne
from late spring to early fall. H12-1.

T. Zenith Series. Afro-French marigolds.
H 12in (30cm). Have flower heads in yellow,
golden-yellow, lemon-yellow, red or
orange, from late spring to early fall.

H12-1.

Talbotia elegans. See Vellozia elegans.

TALINUM

Fameflower

PORTULACACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
some of which are evergreen, grown for
their flowers and succulent foliage. Is
useful for rock gardens, troughs and alpine
houses and as pot plants. Needs sun and

well-drained, not too dry, gritty soil.
Propagate by seed in fall.

T. okanoganense , syn. T. sediforme,
Phemeranthus sediformis. Cushion- or mat¬
forming, prostrate perennial. H to lVzin
(4cm), S to 4in (10cm). Succulent stems
produce tufts of cylindrical, succulent,
grayish-green leaves. Tiny, cup-shaped,
white flowers are borne in summer. Is
excellent for a trough or alpine house.

Z6-8 H8-6.

T. sediforme. See T. okanoganense.

TAMARINDUS

LEGUMINOSAE/CAESALPIIMIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its edible fruits and overall
appearance as well as for shade. Needs
full light and well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed or air-layering in spring.

T. indie a (Tamarind). Slow-growing,
evergreen, rounded tree. H and S to 80ft
(25m). Leaves are divided into 10-15 pairs
of oblong to elliptic, bright green leaflets.
Produces profuse racemes of asymmetric,
5-petaled, red-veined, pale yellow flowers,
in summer, followed by long, brownish
pods containing edible but acidic pulp.
Z5-9 H9-5.

TAMARIX

Tamarisk

TAMARICACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs
and trees, grown for their foliage, habit and
abundant racemes of small flowers. In mild
areas, is very wind-resistant and thrives in
exposed, coastal positions, making excellent
hedges. Requires sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Restrict growth by cutting back
in spring; trim hedges at the same time.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by hardwood cuttings in winter.

T. gallica. Deciduous, spreading shrub
or tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Purple,
young shoots are clothed with tiny,
scalelike, blue-gray leaves. Star-shaped,
pink flowers are borne in slender racemes
in summer. Z6-10 H10-5.

T. pentandra. See T. ramosissima.

T. ramosissima, syn. T. pentandra ,
illus., p.114.

TANACETUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, often with aromatic foliage,
grown for their daisylike flower heads.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring. T.
parthenium self-seeds freely. (D Contact with
the foliage may aggravate skin allergies.

T. argenteum, syn. Achillea argentea,
illus. p.346.

T. coccineum, syn. Chrysanthemum
coccineum, Pyrethrum coccineum,
Pyrethrum roseum (Painted daisy,
Pyrethrum). Z5-9 H9-5. 'Brenda', syn.
Pyrethrum 'Brenda' is an erect perennial,

H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm) or more. Has
somewhat aromatic, feathery leaves.

Single, magenta-pink flower heads are
borne in late spring and early summer.
'Eileen May Robinson', illus. p.232.
'James Kelway' has deep crimson flower
heads aging to pink.

T. densum subsp. amani, syn.
Chrysanthemum densum, illus. p.347.

T. haradjanii, syn. Chrysanthemum
haradjanii. Evergreen, mat-forming,
woody-based perennial with a taproot.

H and S 9-15in (23-38cm). Has broadly
lance-shaped, much-divided, silvery-gray
leaves and, in summer, terminal clusters
of bright yellow flower heads. Is useful
for a rock garden or an alpine house.
Z7-10 H10-5.

T. parthenium, syn. Chrysanthemum
parthenium, Pyrethrum parthenium, illus.
p.300. 'Aureum' is a short-lived, bushy
perennial, grown as an annual. H and
S 8-18in (20-45cm). Has oval, lobed,
aromatic, green-gold leaves and, in
summer and early fall, white flower heads.

TANAKAEA

Japanese foam flower
SAXIFRAGACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen,
spreading perennial, grown for its foliage
and flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens
and peat beds. Needs partial shade and
well-drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
by runners in spring.

T. radicans. Evergreen, dense, basal-
rosetted perennial. H 2V2-3in (6-8cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has narrowly oval to heart-shaped,
leathery, mid- to dark green leaves. Bears
small panicles of tiny, outward-facing, star¬
shaped, white flowers in late spring. Z6-8
H8-6.

TAPEINOCHILOS

COSTACEAE/ZINGIBERACEAE

Genus of mostly evergreen perennials,
grown for their colorful, leaflike bracts.
Needs high humidity, partial shade and
rich soil. Is not easy to grow successfully
in pots. Propagate by division in spring.
Red spider mite may be a problem with
container-grown plants.

T. ananassae. Evergreen, tufted
perennial. H to 6ft (2m), S 272ft (75cm).
Non-flowering stems are erect and
unbranched, with narrowly oval, long-
pointed leaves, to 6in (15cm) long.
Flowering stems are leafless, 3ft (lm) or
more long, and, in summer, bear ovoid,
dense spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long,
of small, tubular, yellow flowers. Showy,
recurved, hard, scarlet bracts enclose
and almost hide flowers. Z15 H12-10.

TAXODIUM

TAXODIACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

T. distichum, illus. p.99.

TAXUS

Yew

TAXACEAE ~

® All parts (but not the seed coating)
are highly toxic if ingested. See also
CONIFERS.

T. baccata (English yew). Slow-growing
conifer with a broadly conical, later
dome-shaped crown. H 30-50ft (10-15m),

S 15-30ft (5-10m). Needlelike, flattened
leaves are dark green. Female plants bear
cup-shaped, fleshy, bright red fruits; only
the red part, not the seed, is edible. Will

TECOMA

regrow if cut back. The following forms
are H 20-30ft (6-10m), S 15-25ft (5-8m)
unless otherwise stated. Z7-8 H8-7.
'Adpressa' is a shrubby, female form
with short, broad leaves. 'Aurea'. See
T. baccata Aurea Group. Aurea Group,
syn. T. baccata 'Aurea' have golden-
yellow foliage. 'Dovastoniana' is
spreading, with weeping branchlets.
'Dovastonii Aurea' (illus. p.105) is
similar to T.b. 'Dovastoniana', but has
golden shoots and yellow-margined
leaves. 'Fastigiata', illus. p.101.
'Fastigiata Aurea' is similar to T.b.
'Fastigiata', but has gold-variegated
leaves. 'Lutea', illus. p.102.

'Repandens', H 2ft (60cm), S 15ft (5m),
is a spreading form. 'Semperaurea',

H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m), has ascending
branches with dense, golden foliage.

T. cuspidata, illus. p.104. 'Aurescens' is
a spreading, bushy, dwarf conifer. H 1ft
(30cm), S 3ft (lm). Is hardier than T. baccata
forms. Needlelike, flattened leaves are deep
golden-yellow in their first year and mature
to dark green. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Capitata',

H 30ft (10m), S 6ft (2m), is upright in habit.
Z5-7 H7-5. 'Densa', H 4ft (1.2m), S 20ft
(6m), is a female form with short, erect
shoots. Z5-7 H7-5.

T. x media. Dense conifer that is very
variably shaped. H and S 10-20ft (3-6m).
Has needlelike, flattened leaves,
spreading either side of olive-green
shoots. Leaves are stiff, broad and widen
abruptly at base. Fruits are similar to
those of T. baccata. Z5-7 H7-5.

'Brownii', H 8ft (2.5m), S lift (3.5m), is
a dense, globose form with dark green
foliage. 'Densiformis', H 6-10ft (2-3m),
is dense and rounded, with masses of
shoots that have bright green leaves.
'Hicksii', H to 20ft (6m), is columnar and
has ascending branches. Male and female
forms exist. 'Hillii', H and S 10ft (3m),
is a broadly conical to rounded, dense
bush with glossy, green leaves. 'Wardii',
H 6ft (2m), S 20ft (6m), is a flat, globose,
female form.

TECOMA

syn. TECOMARIA

BIGNONIACEAE

Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs and
trees, grown for their flowers from spring
to fall. Prefers full light and moist but well-
drained soil. Water container specimens
moderately, hardly at all in winter. May
be pruned annually after flowering to
maintain as a shrub. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Red spider mite may be
troublesome.

T. australis. See Pandorea pandorana.

T. capensis, syn. Bignonia capensis,
Tecomaria capensis (Cape honeysuckle).
Evergreen, scrambling climber, shrublike
when young. H 6-10ft (2-3m). Leaves are
divided into 5-9 rounded, toothed, glossy,
dark green leaflets. Tubular, orange-red
flowers are borne in short spikes mainly in
spring-summer. Z12-15 H12-10. 'Aurea',
illus. p.464.

T. grandiflora. See Campsis grandiflora.
T. ricasoliana. See Podranea ricasoliana.
T. stans, syn. Bignonia stans, Stenolobium
stans, illus. p.452.

707

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TECOMANTHE

TECOMANTHE

BICNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
grown for their flowers. Needs partial
shade and rich, well-drained soil. Water
freely when in full growth, less at other
times. Provide stems with support. If
necessary, thin out crowded stems in
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or
by semiripe cuttings in summer.

T. speciosa. Strong-growing, evergreen,
twining climber. H to 30ft (10m) or more.
Has leaves divided into 3 or 5 oval leaflets.
Bears dense clusters of foxglove-like,
fleshy-textured, green-tinged, cream
flowers in fall. Z14-15 H12-10.

Tecomaria capensis. See Tecoma
capensis.

Tecomaria. See Tecoma.

TECOPHILAEA

LILIACEAE/TECOPHILAEACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering corms, rare in
cultivation and extinct in the wild, grown
for their crocus-like, brilliantly colored
flowers. Because of rarity usually grown
in a cold greenhouse or cold frame.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Water
in winter and spring. Keep corms dry,
but not sunbaked, from early summer
to fall, then replant. Propagate in fall by
seed or offsets.

T. cyanocrocus, illus. p.420.
'Leichtlinii'. See T. cyanocrocus var.
leichtlinii. var. leichtlinii, syn. T.
cyanocrocus 'Leichtlinii', illus. p.420.

Telanthophora grandiflora. See

Senecio grandifolius.

TELEKIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials,
grown for their bold foliage and large
flower heads. Needs partial shade and
moist soil. Propagate by division in spring
or by seed in fall.

T. speciosa, syn. Buphthalmum
speciosum. Upright, spreading perennial.
H 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m), S 3-4ft (l-1.2m). Mid¬
green leaves are heart-shaped at base
of plant, oval on stems. In late summer,
branched stems bear large, daisylike,
rich golden-yellow flower heads. Is ideal
for a pool side or woodland. Z5-8 H8-5.

TELLIMA

Fringe cups

SAXIFRAGACEAE

708

Genus of one species of semievergreen, late
spring-flowering perennial. Makes good
groundcover and is ideal for cool, semi-
shaded woodland gardens and beneath
shrubs in sunny borders. Prefers partial
shade and moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by
seed in fall.

T. grandiflora. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H and S 24in (60cm).

Has heart-shaped, toothed, hairy, purple-
tinted, bright green leaves. Bears racemes
of small, bell-shaped, fringed, cream
flowers, well above foliage, in late spring.
Z4-8 H8-1. Rubra Group, syn. T.

grandiflora 'Purpurea', T. grandiflora
'Rubra Group', illus. p.279. 'Purpurea'.
See T. grandiflora Rubra Group.

TELOPEA

Waratah

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, grown
mainly for their flower heads. Requires full
sun or partial shade and rich, moist but
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water
container plants freely when in full growth,
moderately at other times. Propagate
by seed in spring or by layering in winter.

T. speciosissima, illus. p.137.

T. truncata, illus. p.123.

TEMPLETONIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their flowers. Prefers full light and well-
drained, alkaline soil. Water container
specimens moderately, less in winter.
Propagate by seed in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

T. retusa (Cockies' tongues. Coral bush,
Flamebush). Evergreen, erect, irregularly
branched shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 3—5ft
(1-1.5m). Has oval to elliptic, leathery,
bluish-green leaves. Pealike, red flowers,
sometimes pink or cream, are produced
in spring-summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

TERMINALIA

COIVIBRETACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their overall appearance, edible
seeds (nuts) and for shade. Requires full
light and well-drained soil. Water
container specimens moderately, scarcely
at all when temperatures are low.
Propagate by seed in spring.

T. catappa (Indian almond). Evergreen,
rounded tree. H and S 50ft (15m) or more.
Has broadly oval, lustrous, green leaves at
stem tips. Small, greenish-white flowers,
in spring, are followed by flattened ovoid,
keeled, green to red fruits, each with edible
seed. Z14-15 H12-10.

TERNSTROEMIA

THEACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their overall appearance.
Requires full sun or partial shade and
rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil.
Water container specimens copiously
when in full growth, moderately at other
times. Propagate by seed when ripe or in
spring or by semiripe cuttings in late
summer.

T. gymnanthera, syn. T. japonica.
Evergreen, rounded, dense shrub. H and
S 6ft (2m). Oval leaves are lustrous, mid- to
deep green. In summer, solitary, pendent,
5-petaled, white flowers are borne from
leaf axils. Pea-sized, berry-like, bright red
fruits develop in fall. Z8-10 H10-8. Leaves
of 'Variegata' are white-bordered with
pink tinge.

T. japonica. See T. gymnanthera.

Testudinaria elephantipes. See

Dioscorea elephantipes.

TETRACENTRON

TETRACENTRACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous tree,
grown for its foliage and catkins. Needs
sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.

T. sinense. Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 30ft (10m) or more. Bears oval, finely
toothed, dark green leaves and long, slender,
yellow catkins in early summer. Z6-8 H8-6.

TETRADIUM

syn. EUODIA, EVODIA
Bee tree

RUTACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for
their foliage, late flowers and fruits.

Needs full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer, by seed in fall or by root cuttings
in late winter.

T. daniellii, syn. Euodia hupehensis.
Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft
(15m). Ashlike, dark green leaves, divided
into 5-11 oval to oblong leaflets, turn
yellow in fall. Has small, fragrant,

5-petaled, white flower clusters in early fall,
followed by beaked, red fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.

TETRANEMA

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of shrubby, evergreen perennials,
grown for their trumpet-shaped flowers
in summer. Needs partial shade and well-
drained soil; avoid waterlogging and a
humid atmosphere. Propagate by division
or seed, if available, in spring.

T. mexicanum. See T. roseum.

T. roseum, syn. T. mexicanum, illus. p.472.

TETRAPANAX

ARALIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, summer-
to fall-flowering shrub, grown for its foliage.
Requires full sun or partial shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Water container
specimens freely, less in winter. Leggy stems
may be cut back to near ground level in
winter. Propagate by suckers or seed in
early spring. Severe frosts can cause stems
to die back but will regrow in spring
T. papyrifer, syn. Fatsia papyrifera, illus.

p.120.

TETRASTIGMA

V1TACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage.
Needs partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water freely while in growth,
less in low temperatures. Support stems
and cut out crowded stems in spring.
Propagate by layering in spring or by
semiripe cuttings in summer.

T. voinierianum, syn. Cissus voinieriana,
illus. p.463.

TEUCRIUM

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs,
subshrubs and perennials, grown for their
flowers, foliage (sometimes aromatic) or
habit. Needs full sun and well-drained soil.

Propagate shrubs and subshrubs by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer,
perennials by seed or division in spring.

T. aroanium. Evergreen, procumbent,
much-branched subshrub. H lin (2.5cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has white-haired twigs
and oblong to oval, slightly hairy leaves,
which are densely hairy below. In summer
produces whorls of small, tubular, 2-lipped,
purple flowers. Is good for a trough. Z7-10
H10-7.

T. fruticans (Shrubby germander. Tree
germander). Z8-9 H9-8. 'Azureum' is
an evergreen, arching shrub. H 6ft (2m),

S 12ft (4m). Has oval, aromatic, gray-green
leaves, white beneath. Bears tubular,
2-lipped, deep blue flowers, with prominent
stamens, in summer. Cut out dead wood in
spring.

T. polium, illus. p.366.

THALIA

MARANTACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their foliage and
flowers. Needs an open, sunny position
in up to 18in (45cm) depth of water. Some
species tolerate cool water. Remove fading
foliage regularly. Propagate in spring by
division or seed.

T. dealbata. Deciduous, perennial,
marginal water plant. H 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft
(60cm). Oval, long-stalked, blue-green
leaves have mealy, white covering. Spikes
of narrowly tubular, violet flowers are
borne in summer. Tolerates cool water.
Z6-11 H12-6.

T. geniculata. Deciduous, perennial,
marginal water plant. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft
(60cm). Has oval, long-stalked, blue-green
leaves and, in summer, spikes of narrowly
tubular, violet flowers. Needs a warm pond.
Z8-11 H12-7.

THALICTRUM

Meadow rue

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, grown for their
divided foliage and fluffy flower heads.
Flowers lack petals, but each has
prominent tufts of stamens and 4 or 5
sepals, which rapidly fall. Does well at
edges of woodland gardens. Tall species
and cultivars make excellent foils in
borders for perennials with bolder leaves
and flowers. Requires sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil; some species
prefer cool, moist conditions. Propagate
by seed when fresh, in fall, or by division
in spring.

T. angustifolium. See T. lucidum.

T. aquilegiifolium, illus. p.239.
'Thundercloud', illus. p.233. 'White
Cloud' is a clump-forming perennial.

H 3—4ft (1-1.2m), S 1ft (30cm). Has finely
divided, grayish-green leaves. In summer
produces terminal sprays of fluffy, white
flowers. Z5-9 H9-5.

T. chelidonii. Clump-forming perennial.

H 3—5ft (1-1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has finely
divided, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
produces panicles of fluffy, 4- or 5-sepaled,
mauve flowers. Prefers cool soil that does
not dry out. Z5-9 H9-5.

T. delavayi, syn. T. dipterocarpum
(Yunnan meadow rue). Clump-forming
perennial. H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S 2ft (60cm).

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Has divided, mid-green leaves. Bears large
panicles of nodding, lilac flowers, with

4 or 5 sepals and prominent, yellow
stamens, from mid- to late summer. Z4-7
H7-1. 'Hewitt's Double', illus. p.220.

T. diffusiflorum. Clump-forming
perennial. H 3ft (lm), S 1—2ft (30-60cm).

Has much-divided, mid-green, basal leaves.
Slender stems produce large sprays of
drooping, mauve flowers in summer.
Prefers cool, moist soil. Z5-9 H9-5.

T. dipterocarpum of gardens. See
T. delavayi.

T. 'Elin', illus. p.218.

T. flavum (Yellow meadow rue). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 4-5ft (1.2m-1.5m),

5 2ft (60cm). Has much-divided, glaucous
blue-green leaves. From mid- to late
summer produces clusters of fluffy, pale
yellow flowers on slender stems. Z3-10
H10-9. 'Illuminator' is a pale yellow
cultivar with bright green foliage.

T. kiusianum. Mat-forming perennial
with short runners. H 3in (8cm), S 6in
(15cm). Has small, fernlike, 3-lobed leaves
and, throughout summer, loose clusters
of tiny, purple flowers. Is excellent in a peat
bed, rock garden, trough or alpine house.

Is difficult to grow in hot, dry areas. Prefers
shade and moist, sandy, peaty soil. Z4-8
H8-1.

T. lucidum , syn. T. angustifolium. Clump¬
forming perennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 20in
(50cm). Has glossy leaves divided into
numerous leaflets. Sturdy stems bear loose
panicles of fluffy, greenish-yellow flowers
in summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

T. orientate. Spreading perennial with
short runners. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm).
Leaves are fernlike with oval to rounded,
lobed leaflets. Bears small, saucer-shaped,
blue-mauve to violet flowers, with yellow
stamens and large sepals, in late spring.
Z5-9 H9-1.

THAMNOCALAMUS

POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

T. crassinodus 'Kew Beauty', illus.

p.286.

T. falconeri. See Himalayacalamus
falconeri.

T. murieliae. See Fargesia murieliae.

T. spathaceus of gardens. See Fargesia
murieliae.

THELOCACTUS

CACTACEAE

Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial
cacti with ribbed or tuberculate stems.
Elongated areoles in crowns produce
funnel-shaped flowers. Requires sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or summer.

T. bicolor, illus. p.484.

T. leucacanthus. Clump-forming,
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 12in
(30cm). Spherical to columnar, green stem
has 8-13 tuberculate ribs. Areoles bear
up to 20 short, golden spines and yellow
flowers, 2in (5cm) across, in summer.
Z12-15 H12-10.

T. macdowellii , syn. Echinomastus
macdowellii. Spherical, perennial cactus.

H and S 6in (15cm). Has tuberculate,
dark green stem densely covered with

white spines. Violet-red flowers, lVan
(4cm) across, are produced in spring-
summer. Z12-15 H12-10.

T. setispinus , syn. Ferocactus setispinus,
illus. p.495.

THELYPTERIS

THELYPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous ferns. Prefers sun or
semi-shade and moist or very moist soil.
Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate
by division in spring.

T. oreopteris. See Oreopteris
limbosperma.

T. palustris, illus. p.291.

T. phegopteris. See Phegopteris
connectilis.

THERMOPSIS

LEGUMIIMOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials.
Prefers sun and rich, light soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall.

T. caroliniana. See T. villosa.

T. montana. See T. rhombifolia.

T. rhombifolia, syn. T. montana, illus.
p.243.

T. villosa, syn. T. caroliniana. Straggling
perennial. H 3ft (lm) or more, S 2ft (60cm).
Bears racemes of pealike, yellow flowers in
late summer. Glaucous leaves are divided
into 3 oval leaflets. Z4-8 H9-1.

THESPESIA

MALVACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, shrubs
and trees, grown for their flowers.

Requires full light and well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, less at other times. Prune in early
spring to maintain as a shrub. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may
be a nuisance.

T. populnea (Portia tree). Evergreen tree,
bushy when young, thinning with age.

H 40ft (12m) or more, S 10-20ft (3-6m).
Leaves are heart-shaped. Intermittently, or
all year round if warm enough, produces
cup-shaped, maroon-eyed, yellow flowers
that age to purple. Grows well by the sea.
Z14-15 H12-10.

THEVETIA

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for their flowers from winter to
summer. Is related to Frangipani. Needs full
light and well-drained soil. Water container
specimens moderately, less in winter.

Young stems may be tip-pruned in winter
to promote branching. Propagate by seed
in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
summer. ® The seeds are highly toxic
if ingested, and the milky sap that exudes
from broken stems may irritate skin and
cause severe discomfort if ingested.

T. neriifolia. See T. peruviana.

T. peruviana, syn. T. neriifolia (Yellow
oleander). Evergreen, erect tree. H 6-25ft
(2-8m), S 3—10ft (l-3m). Has narrowly
lance-shaped, rich green leaves and funnel-
shaped, yellow or orange-yellow flowers
from winter to summer. Z14-15 H12-10.

THLADIANTHA

CUCURBITACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous or deciduous, tendril
climbers, grown for their bell-shaped,
yellow flowers and oval to heart-shaped,
mid-green leaves. Requires a sheltered
position in full sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
division in early spring.

T. dubia, illus. p.206.

TH LASPI

CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE ~

Genus of annuals and perennials, some of
which are evergreen, grown for their
flowers. Small plants may flower themselves
to death, so remove buds for 2 years, to
encourage a large plant. Is difficult to grow
at low altitudes and may require frequent
renewal from seed. Is good for screes and
troughs. Needs sun and moist but well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.

T. alpestre of gardens. See T. alpinum.

T. alpinum, syn. T. alpestre (Alpine penny-
cress). Evergreen, mat-forming perennial.

H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). Has small, oval,
mid-green leaves. Produces racemes of
small, 4-petaled, white flowers in spring.
Z6-9 H9-6.

T. bulbosum. Clump-forming, tuberous
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Bears broadly oval, glaucous leaves and, in
summer, racemes of 4-petaled, dark violet
flowers. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z8-10
H10-8.

T. cepaeifolium subsp. rotundifolium,

syn. T. rotundifolium, illus. p.352.

T. macrophyllum. See Pachyphragma
macrophyllum.

T. rotundifolium. See T. cepaeifolium
subsp. rotundifolium.

THUJA

Arborvitae

CUPRESSACEAE ~

® Contact with the foliage may
aggravate skin allergies. See also
CONIFERS.

T. koraiensis (Korean arborvitae).
Upright conifer, sometimes sprawling
and shrubby. H 10-30ft (3-10m), S 10-15ft
(3-5m). Scalelike foliage is bright green
or yellow-green above, glaucous silver
beneath, and smells of almonds when
crushed. ® Contact with the foliage may
aggravate skin allergies. Z5-7 H7-5.

T. occidentalis (American arborvitae.
Eastern arborvitae. White cedar). Slow-
growing conifer with a narrow crown.

H 50ft (15m), S 10-15ft (3-5m). Has
orange-brown bark and flat sprays
of scalelike, yellowish-green leaves, pale
or grayish-green beneath, smelling of
apples when crushed. Ovoid cones are
yellow-green, ripening to brown. Z2-7
H7-1. 'Caespitosa', H 12in (30cm), S 16in
(40cm), is a cushion-shaped, dwarf
cultivar. 'Fastigiata', H to 50ft (15m),

S to 15ft (5m), is broadly columnar, with
erect, spreading branches and light green
leaves. 'Filiformis', H 5ft (1.5m), S 5-6ft
(1.5-2m), forms a mound with pendent,
whiplike shoots. 'Hetz Midget', H and
S 20in (50cm), growing only lin (2.5cm)
each year, is a globose, dwarf form with
blue-green foliage. 'Holmstrup',

THUNBERGIA

H 10-12ft (3-4m), S 3ft (lm), is slow-
growing, dense and conical, with rich
green foliage. 'Little Champion', H and
S 20in (50cm) or more, is a globose, dwarf
form, conical when young, with foliage
turning brown in winter. 'Lutea Nana',

H 6ft (2m), S 3-6ft (l-2m), is a dwarf form
with golden-yellow foliage. 'Rheingold',
H 10-12ft (3-4m), S 6-12ft (2-4m), is slow-
growing, with golden-yellow foliage that
becomes bronze in winter. 'Smaragd',

H 6-8ft (2-2.5m), S 2-2Vzft (60-75cm), is
slow-growing and conical, with erect
sprays of bright green leaves. 'Spiralis',
H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 6-10ft (2-3m), has
foliage in twisted, fernlike sprays.
'Woodwardii', H 8ft (2.5m), S to 15ft
(5m), is very slow-growing and globose,
with mid-green foliage.

T. orientalis. See Platycladus orientalis.

T. plicata (Western red cedar). Fast¬
growing, conical conifer that has great,
curving branches low down. H 70-100ft
(20-30m), S 15—25ft (5-8m), greater if
lower branches self-layer. Has red-
brown bark, scalelike, glossy, dark green
leaves, which have pineapple aroma
when crushed, and erect, ovoid, green
cones, ripening to brown. Z6-8 H8-6.
'Atrovirens' has darker green foliage.
'Aurea' has golden-yellow foliage.
'Collyer's Gold', H to 6ft (2m), S 3ft (lm),
is a dwarf form with yellow, young foliage
turning light green. 'Cuprea', H 3ft (lm),

S 272-3ft (75cm-lm), is a conical shrub
with copper- to bronze-yellow leaves.
'Hillieri', H and S to 3ft (lm), is a slow-
growing, dense, rounded, dwarf shrub
with mosslike, rich green foliage.
'Stoneham Gold' (illus. p.105), H 3—6ft
(l-2m), S 3ft (lm), is a conical, dwarf
form with bright gold foliage. 'Zebrina',

H 50ft (15m), has leaves banded with
yellowish-white.

THUJOPSIS

CUPRESSACEAE ~

See also CONIFERS.

T. dolabrata (Hiba arborvitae). Conical or
bushy conifer with a mass of stems.

H 30-70ft (10-20m), S 25-30ft (8-10m).
Produces heavy, flat sprays of scalelike
leaves, glossy, bright green above, silvery-
white beneath. Small, rounded cones are
blue-gray. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Variegata', illus.
p.104.

THUNBERGIA

ACANTHACEAE

Genus of annual or mainly evergreen,
perennial, twining climbers, perennials and
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Needs sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Water freely when in growth, less at
other times. Requires support. Thin out
crowded stems in early spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or from softwood or
semiripe cuttings in summer.

T. alata , illus. p.207.

T. coccinea. Evergreen, woody-stemmed,
perennial, twining climber with narrowly
oval leaves. H 20ft (6m) or more. Pendent
racemes of tubular, scarlet flowers are
produced in winter-spring. Z14-15 H12-10.

T. gibsonii. See T. gregorii.

T. grandiflora (Blue trumpet vine. Sky 709
vine). Evergreen, woody-stemmed.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kinders ley. All Rights Reserved.

THYMUS

perennial, twining climber. H 20-30ft
(6-10m). Oval leaves have a few toothlike
lobes. In summer has trumpet-shaped,
pale to deep violet-blue flowers. Z14-15
H12-10.

T. gregorii , syn. T. gibsonii. Evergreen,
woody-stemmed, twining climber, usually
grown as an annual. H to 10ft (3m).
Triangular to oval leaves have winged
stalks. Glowing orange flowers are borne
in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.

T. mysorensis, illus. p.464.

T. serpyllum (Mother of thyme, Serpolet,
Wild thyme). Evergreen, mat-forming
subshrub. H lOin (25cm), S 18in (45cm).
Finely hairy, trailing stems bear linear to
elliptic to oval, mid-green leaves. Whorls
of two-lipped, purple flowers are borne
in summer. Z4-9 H9-1. "Annie Hall',

H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm), has pale purple-
pink flowers and light green leaves.

"Elfin', H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm), produces
emerald-green leaves in dense hummocks;
occasionally bears purple flowers.

THYMUS

Thyme

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, mat-forming and
dome-shaped shrubs, subshrubs and
woody-based perennials, grown for
their aromatic leaves. Is useful for
growing on banks and in rock gardens,
troughs and paving. Commonly grown
as a culinary herb, it is also suitable for
containers. Requires sun and moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
spring or by softwood or semiripe
cuttings in summer.

T. azoricus. See T. caespititius.

T. "Bressingham', illus. p.365.

T. caespititius , syn. T. azoricus, T.
cilicicus, illus. p.366.

T. carnosus. Evergreen, spreading shrub.
H and S 8in (20cm). Has tiny, narrowly oval,
aromatic leaves. Erect flowering stems bear
whorls of small, 2-lipped, white flowers in
summer. Needs a sheltered position. Z5-9
H9-5.

T

710

T. cilicicus. See T. caespititius.

T. x citriodorus "Silver Queen'.

Evergreen, rounded shrub. H to 12in
(30cm), S to lOin (25cm). Has narrowly
oval-diamond-shaped to lance-shaped,
more or less hairless, aromatic, silvery-
green leaves, with creamy-white markings.
In summer produces 2-lipped, pale
lavender-pink flowers in terminal clusters.
Z6-9 H9-6.

T. herba-barona (Caraway thyme. Herb
baron). Evergreen subshrub. H in flower
2^fin (5-10cm), S to 8in (20cm). Forms a
loose mat of tiny, caraway-scented, dark
green leaves. In summer, small, lilac flowers
are borne in terminal clusters. Z6-9 H9-6.

T. leucotrichus of gardens. See T. "Peter
Davis'.

T. micans. See T. caespititius.

T. "Peter Davis', syn. T. leucotrichus , illus.
p.367.

T. "Porlock'. Evergreen, dome-shaped
perennial. H 3in (8cm), S 8in (20cm). Thin
stems are covered in small, rounded to
oval, very aromatic, glossy, green leaves.

In summer produces clusters of small,
2-lipped, pink flowers. Z4-8 H8-1.

T. pseudolanuginosus (Woolly thyme).
Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H l-2in
(2.5-5cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Has
dense mats of very hairy stems bearing
tiny, aromatic, gray leaves. Produces
2-lipped, pinkish-lilac flowers in leaf
axils in summer. Z4-9 H9-1.

T. pulegioides "Aureus'. Evergreen,
spreading shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 4-10in
(10-25cm). Tiny, rounded to oval, golden-
yellow leaves are very fragrant when
crushed. Produces terminal clusters of
small, 2-lipped, lilac flowers in summer.

Cut back in spring. Z4-8 H8-1.

TIARELLA

Foam flower

SAX1FRAGACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, that spread by runners. Is
suitable as groundcover and for woodland
gardens. Tolerates deep shade and prefers
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

T. cordifolia, illus. p.333. var. collina.

See T. wherryi.

T. wherryi , syn. T. cordifolia var. collina.
Slow-growing, clump-forming perennial.

H 4in (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Triangular,
lobed, hairy, pale green, basal leaves are
stained dark red, with heart-shaped bases.
Bears racemes of tiny, star-shaped, soft
pink or white flowers from late spring to
early summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

TIBOUCHINA

MELASTOMATACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs,
shrubs and scandent climbers, grown for
their flowers and leaves. Prefers full
sun and fertile, well-drained, neutral to
acidic soil. Water container specimens
freely when in full growth, moderately at
other times. Cut back flowered stems, to
2 pairs of buds each, in spring. Tip-prune
young plants to promote branching.
Propagate

by greenwood or semiripe cuttings in
late spring or summer.

T. semidecandra of gardens. See T.
urvilleana.

T. urvilleana , syn. T. semidecandra, illus.
p.457.

TIGRIDIA

Peacock flower. Tiger flower
IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their highly colorful but short-lived
flowers, rather iris-like in shape, with 3
large, outer petals. Needs sun and well-
drained soil, with ample water in summer.
Plant in spring. Lift in fall; then partially dry
bulbs and store in peat or sand at 46-54°F
(8-12°C). Propagate by seed in spring.

T. pavonia , illus. p.413.

TILIA

Linden

TIL1ACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
small, fragrant, cup-shaped flowers and
stately habit. Flowers attract bees, but are
toxic to them in some cases. Requires sun
or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
soil. Propagate species by seed in fall,
selected forms and hybrids by grafting in

late summer. Except for T. x euchlora, trees
are usually attacked by aphids, which cover
growth and ground beneath with sticky
honeydew. (D The nectar of T. 'Petiolaris'
and T. tomentosa may be toxic, especially
to bumblebees.

T. americana (American linden.
Basswood). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 80ft (25m), S 40ft (12m). Has large,
rounded, sharply toothed, glossy, dark
green leaves. Small, yellowish-white
flowers are borne in summer. Z2-8 H8-1.

T. cordata (Littleleaf linden). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 40ft (12m).
In mid-summer has small, glossy, dark
green leaves and small, yellowish-white
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1. "Greenspire', S25ft
(8m), is very vigorous and pyramidal in
habit, even when young. Z4-8 H8-1.
"Rancho', illus. p.75.

T. x euchlora (Crimean linden). Deciduous,
spreading tree with lower branches that
droop with age. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft (10m).
Rounded, very glossy, deep green leaves
turn yellow in fall. Bears small, yellowish-
white flowers, toxic to bees, in summer. Is
relatively pest-free. Z3-7 H7-1.

T. x europaea , syn. T. x vulgaris (European
linden). Vigorous, deciduous, spreading
tree. H 120ft (35m), S 50ft (15m). Trunk
develops many burs. Has rounded, dark
green leaves. Small, yellowish-white
flowers that are toxic to bees are produced
in summer. Periodically remove shoots
from burrs at base. Z4-7 H7-1.

T. henryana . Deciduous, spreading tree.

H and S 30ft (10m). Broadly heart-shaped,
glossy, bright green leaves, fringed with
long teeth, are often tinged red when
young. Has masses of small, creamy-white
flowers in fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

T. mongolica (Mongolian linden).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 50ft (15m),

S 40ft (12m). Young shoots are red. Heart-
shaped, coarsely toothed, glossy, dark
green leaves turn yellow in fall. Small,
yellowish-white flowers are borne in
summer. Z3-7 H7-1.

T. Oliveri , illus. p.63.

T. "Petiolaris', syn. T. petiolaris, illus. p.64.
T. platyphyllos (Large-leaved linden).
Deciduous, spreading tree. H 100ft (30m),

S 70ft (20m). Has rounded, dark green
leaves and small, dull yellowish-white
flowers in mid-summer. Z2-6 H6-1.
"Prince's Street' is upright, with bright
red shoots in winter. Z5-8 H8-5. "Rubra',
illus. p.63.

T. tomentosa (European white linden.
Silver linden). Deciduous, spreading tree.

H 80ft (25m), S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large,
rounded, sharply toothed, dark green
above and white beneath. Very fragrant,
small, dull white flowers, toxic to bees,
are borne in late summer. Z6-9 H9-6.

T. x vulgaris . See T. x europaea.

TILLANDSIA

Air plant

BROMELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, epiphytic perennials,
often rosette-forming, some with branching
stems and spirally arranged leaves,
all grown for their flowers or overall
appearance. Requires partial shade and a
rooting medium of equal parts rich soil and
either sphagnum moss or bark or plastic
chips used for orchid culture. May also

be grown on slabs of bark or sections of
trees. Using soft water, water moderately
in summer, sparingly at other times; spray
plants grown on bark or tree sections with
water several times a week from mid-spring
to mid-fall. Propagate by offsets or division
during spring. See also feature panel p.471.
T. argentea , illus. p.471. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Very narrow, almost threadlike
leaves, covered with white scales, are
produced in dense, near-spherical rosettes,
with fleshy, bulblike bases. In summer,
small, loose racemes of tubular, red flowers
are produced. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. caput-medusae. Evergreen, basal-
rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and S 6in
(15cm) or more. Linear, channeled, twisted
and rolled, incurved leaves, covered in gray
scales, develop in loose rosettes that have
hollow, bulblike bases. In summer, spikes
of tubular, violet-blue flowers are produced
above foliage. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. cyanea. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
epiphytic perennial. H and S lOin (25cm).
Forms dense rosettes of linear, pointed,
channeled, arching, usually deep green
leaves. In summer, broadly oval, bladelike
spikes of pansy-shaped, deep purple-blue
flowers, emerging from pink or red bracts,
are produced among foliage. Z13-15 H12-1.
T. fasciculata (Wild pineapple). Evergreen,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
S 12in (30cm) or more. Has dense rosettes
of narrowly triangular, tapering, arching,
mid-green leaves. In summer, flat spikes of
tubular, purple-blue flowers emerge from
red or reddish-yellow bracts, just above leaf
tips. Bracts require strong light to develop
reddish tones. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. ionantha (Sky plant). Evergreen, clump¬
forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.
H and S 5in (12cm). Linear, incurved,
arching leaves, covered in gray scales, are
produced in dense rosettes; inner leaves
turn red at flowering time. Spikes of tubular,
violet-blue flowers, emerging in summer
from narrow, white bracts, are borne just
above foliage. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. lindenii (Blue-flowered torch), illus.
p.471. Evergreen, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
perennial. H and S 16in (40cm). Linear,
pointed, channeled, arching, mid-green
leaves, with red-brown lines, form dense
rosettes. In summer produces bladelike
spikes of widely pansy-shaped, deep blue
flowers, emerging from sometimes pink-
tinted, green bracts, which are borne just
above leaves. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. recurvata (Ball moss). Evergreen,
basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. H and
S 4-8in (10-20cm). Has long, loose, stem¬
like rosettes of linear, arching to recurved
leaves, densely covered in silvery-gray
scales. In summer produces short, dense
spikes of small, tubular, pale blue or pale
green flowers, which appear above leaves.
Z13-15 H12-1.

T. stricta, illus. p.471. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, basal-rosetted, epiphytic
perennial. H and S 8-12in (20-30cm).
Narrowly triangular, tapering, arching,
mid-green leaves, usually with gray scales,
are produced in dense rosettes. Large,
tubular, blue flowers emerge from
drooping, conelike spikes of bright red
bracts, usually in summer. Z13-15 H12-1.

T. usneoides (Spanish moss). Evergreen,
pendent, epiphytic perennial. H 3ft (lm)

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

or more, S 4-8in (10-20cm). Slender,
branched, drooping stems bear linear,
incurved leaves, densely covered in silvery-
white scales. Inconspicuous, tubular,
greenish-yellow or pale blue flowers,
hidden among foliage, are produced in
summer. Z9-15 H12-1.

TIPUANA

Tipu tree

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen, spring¬
flowering tree, grown for its flowers and
overall appearance when mature and for
shade. In certain conditions, may be
deciduous. Container-grown plants will
not produce flowers. Requires full light
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring.

T. speciosa. See T. tipu.

T. tipu, syn. T. speciosa (Brazilian
rosewood. Pride of Bolivia, Tipu tree). Fast¬
growing, mainly evergreen, bushy tree.

H 30ft (10m), S 25-30ft (8-10m). Leaves are
divided into 11-25 oval leaflets. Produces
pealike, orange-yellow flowers, lVun (3cm)
wide, in spring, followed by short, woody,
winged, brownish pods in fall-winter.
Z13-15 H12-10.

TITANOPSIS

AIZOACEAE ~

Genus of basal-rosetted, perennial
succulents eventually forming small, dense
clumps. Produces fleshy, triangular leaves,
narrow at stems and expanding to straight
tips. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring or summer.

T. calcarea, illus. p.496.

T. schwantesii (White jewel plant). Clump¬
forming, basal-rosetted, perennial succulent.
H lVdn (3cm), S 4in (10cm). Has triangular,
gray-blue leaves, covered with small,
wartlike, yellow-brown tubercles. Produces
daisylike, light yellow flowers, 3 /4in (2cm)
wide, in summer-fall. Z13-15 H12-10.

TITHONIA

Mexican sunflower
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals. Needs sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Provide support and
deadhead regularly. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in late winter or early spring.

T. rotundifolia (Mexican sunflower).
Z10-11 H12-1. 'Torch', illus. p.324.

TOLMIEA

SAXIFRACACEAE

Genus of one species of perennial that is
sometimes semievergreen and is grown as
groundcover. Is suitable for cool woodland
gardens. Needs partial or full shade and
well-drained, neutral to acidic soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall.

T. menziesii (Piggyback plant. Thousand
mothers. Youth-on-age). Mat-forming
perennial, sometimes semievergreen.

H 18-24in (45-60cm), S 12in (30cm) or
more. Young plantlets develop where
ivy-shaped, mid-green leaves join stem.
Produces spikes of tiny, nodding, tubular
to bell-shaped, green and chocolate-brown
flowers in spring. Z6-9 H9-6.

TOLPIS

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
perennials. Needs sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

T. bar bat a. Moderately fast-growing,
upright, branching annual. H 172-2ft
(45-60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped,
toothed, mid-green leaves. Daisylike, bright
yellow flower heads, lin (2.5cm) or more
wide, with maroon centers, are produced
in summer. H9-1.

TOONA

MELIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
foliage, fall color and flowers. Prefers full
sun and requires fertile, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings
in winter.

T. sinensis, syn. Cedrela sinensis, illus.
p.73.

TORENIA

Wishbone flower

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of annuals and perennials. Is often
grown as summer bedding. Needs a
partially shaded, sheltered position and
fertile, well-drained soil. Pinch out growing
shoots of young plants to encourage a
bushy habit. Propagate by seed sown
under glass in early spring.

T. fournieri (Bluewings, Wishbone
flower). Moderately fast-growing, erect,
branching annual. H 12in (30cm), S 8in
(20cm). Has toothed, light green leaves.
Dark blue-purple flowers, paler and
yellow within, are borne in summer
and early fall. Z12-13 H6-1.

T. Moon Series Blue Moon
('Dantmoon'). Dense, trailing perennial,
grown as an annual. H 6-8in (15-20cm),

S 18in (45cm). Has oval, toothed, dark
green leaves. In summer-fall bears tubular,
flared, 2-tone blue flowers, with dark
throats. Z10-11 H10-1.

TORREYA

Nutmeg yew

TAXACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

T. californica, illus. p.101.

Tovara virginiana 'Painter's
Palette'. See Persicaria virginiana
'Painter's Palette'.

TOWNSENDIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of evergreen, short-lived
perennials and biennials, grown for
their daisylike flower. Is suitable for
alpine houses as dislikes winter wet.
Needs sun and moist soil. Propagate
by seed in fall.

T. grandiflora, illus. p.369.

T. parryi. Evergreen, basal-rosetted,
short-lived perennial. H 3-6in (7-15cm),

S 2in (5cm). In late spring produces
daisylike, lavender or violet-blue flower
heads, with bright yellow centers, above
spoon-shaped leaves. Z4-7 H7-1.

Toxicodendron succedaneum. See

Rhus succedanea.

Toxicodendron vernicifluum. See Rhus
verniciflua.

TRACHELIUM

syn. DIOSPHAERA

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of small perennials, useful for rock
gardens and mixed borders. Some are
good in alpine houses. Flowers of some
species are ideal for cutting. Protect under
cover in winter since they resent damp
conditions. Needs a sunny, sheltered
position and fertile, very well-drained soil;
T. asperuloides prefers lime-rich soil.
Propagate by seed in early or mid-spring
or by softwood cuttings in spring.

T. asperuloides, syn. Diosphaera
asperuloides, illus. p.369.

T. caeruleum, illus. p.313.

TRACHELOSPERMUM

APOCYNACEAE

Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers with stems that exude
milky sap when cut. Needs sun or partial
shade and well-drained soil. Propagate by
seed in spring, by layering in summer or
by semiripe cuttings in late summer or fall.
T. asiaticum, illus. p.196.

T. jasminoides, illus. p.195.

TRACHYCARPUS

PALMAE/ARECACEAE

Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
palms, grown for their habit, foliage and
flowers. Prefers a position sheltered from
strong, cold winds, especially when young
and requires full sun and fertile, well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall or
spring.

T. fortunei, illus. p.80.

TRACHYMENE

UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering annuals.

Needs a sunny, sheltered position and
fertile, well-drained soil. Support with
sticks. Propagate by seed sown under
glass in early spring.

T. coerulea, syn. Didiscus coeruleus (Blue
lace flower). Moderately fast-growing,
upright, branching annual. H 18in (45cm),

S 8in (20cm). Has deeply divided, pale
green leaves. Spherical heads, to 2in (5cm)
wide, of tiny, blue flowers are produced in
summer. Is excellent for cut flowers. H12-6.

TRADESCANTIA

COMMELINACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, grown for their flowers or
ornamental foliage. Hardy species are useful
in shady gardens. Needs sun or partial
shade and fertile, moist to dry soil. Cut back
trailing species when they become straggly.
Propagate hardy species by division or seed
in fall or spring, frost-tender species by tip
cuttings year-round. ® Contact with the
foliage may cause skin irritation.

T. albiflora. See T. fluminensis.

T. Andersoniana Group. 'J.C.
Weguelin', syn. T. 'J.C. Weguelin' Clump¬

TRAPA

forming perennial. H to 2ft (60cm), S 172ft
(45cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, fleshy,
green leaves, 6-12in (15-30cm) long. In
summer produces clusters of 3-petaled,
lavender-blue flowers, surrounded by
2 leaflike bracts. 'Osprey', syn. T. 'Osprey',
illus. p.263. 'Purple Dome', syn. T. 'Purple
Dome', illus. p.269.

T. blossfeldiana. See T. cerinthoides.

T. cerinthoides, syn. T. blossfeldiana.
Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 2in (5cm),
S indefinite. Narrowly oval, fleshy, stem-
clasping leaves, to 4in (10cm) long, are
glossy, dark green above, purple with long,
white hairs below. Intermittently produces
clusters of tiny, pink flowers, with white
centers, surrounded by 2 leaflike bracts.
Z14-15 H12-10. Leaves of 'Variegata'
have longitudinal, cream stripes.

T. fluminensis, syn. T. albiflora
(Wandering Jew). Evergreen perennial
with trailing, rooting stems. H 2in (5cm),

S to 24in (60cm) or more. Oval, fleshy
leaves, lYan (4cm) long, that clasp the
stem, are glossy and green above,
sometimes tinged purple below.
Intermittently has clusters of tiny, white
flowers enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts.

Z13-15 H12-1. 'Albovittata', illus. p.468.
'Variegata' has irregularly striped
creamy-white leaves. Z14-15 HI2-1.

T. 'J.C. Weguelin'. See T. 'J.C. Weguelin'
Andersoniana Group.

T. navicularis. See Callisia navicularis.

T. 'Osprey'. See T. 'Osprey' Andersoniana
Group.

T. pallida 'Purpurea', syn. T. pallida
'Purple Heart', Setcreasea purpurea, illus.
p.310. 'Purple Heart'. See T. pallida
'Purpurea'.

T. pexata. See T. sillamontana.

T. 'Purple Dome'. See T. 'Purple Dome'
Andersoniana Group.

T. purpusii. See T. zebrina 'Purpusii'.

T. sillamontana, syn. T. pexata, T.
velutina, illus. p.469.

T. spathacea, syn. Rhoeo discolor, Rhoeo
spathacea (Moses-in-the-cradle, Three-
men-in-a-boat). Evergreen, clump-forming,
rosetted perennial. H 20in (50cm), S lOin
(25cm). Lance-shaped, fleshy leaves, to 12in
(30cm) long, are green above, purple below.
Bears tiny, white flowers, enclosed in boat¬
shaped, leaflike bracts, year-round. Zll-12
H12-1. 'Vittata' has leaves striped
longitudinally with pale yellow.

T. velutina. See T. sillamontana.

T. zebrina, syn. Zebrina pendula, illus.
p.469. 'Purpusii', syn. T. purpusii is a
strong-growing, evergreen, trailing or
mat-forming perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S indefinite. Has elliptic, purple-tinged,
bluish-green leaves and tiny, shallowly cup¬
shaped, pink flowers. 'Quadricolor' has
leaves striped green, pink, red and white.

TRAPA

Water chestnut

TRAPACEAE/LYTHRACEAE

Genus of deciduous, perennial and annual,
floating water plants, grown for their
foliage and flowers. Requires sun.
Propagate in spring from seed gathered
in fall and stored frost-free, in water or
damp sand.

T. natans, illus. p.442.

Trichocereus bridgesii. See

Echinopsis lageniformis.

711

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TRICHODIADEMA

Trichocereus candicans. See Echinopsis
candicans.

Trichocereus spachianus. See

Echinopsis spachiana.

TRICHODIADEMA

AIZOACEAE

Genus of bushy, perennial succulents
with woody or tuberous roots and
cylindrical to semicylindrical leaves.
Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in
spring or summer.

T. densum. Tufted, perennial succulent.
H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Cylindrical,
pale green leaves, Vz-Vdn (l-2cm) long,
are tipped with clusters of white bristles.
Roots and prostrate, green stem are
both fleshy and form caudex. Stem tip
bears daisylike, cerise-pink flower
heads, lVun (3cm) across, in summer.
Z13-15 H12-1.

T. mirabile, illus. p.481.

TRICHOSANTHES

CUCURBITACEAE

Genus of annual and evergreen, perennial,
tendril climbers, grown for their fruits and
overall appearance. Needs full sun or
partial shade and rich soil. Water freely
in growing season, less in cool weather.
Provide support. Propagate by seed in
spring at not less than 70°F (21°C).

T. anguina. See T. cucumerina var. anguina.
T. cucumerina var. anguina, syn. T.
anguina (Serpent cucumber. Snake gourd).
Erect to spreading, annual, tendril climber.
H 10-15ft (3-5m). Has broadly oval to
almost triangular, sometimes shallowly
3- to 5-lobed, mid- to pale green leaves. In
summer produces 5-petaled, white flowers,
with heavily fringed petals; females are
solitary, the males in racemes. Cylindrical,
green-and-white striped fruit, often twisted
or coiled, ripens to dull orange. Z14-15
H12-10.

Trichosma suavis. See Eria coronaria.
Tricuspidaria lanceolata. See

Crinodendron hookerianum.

TRICYRTIS

Toad lily

LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE

712

Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering,
rhizomatous perennials. Needs partial
shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall.

T. formosana, syn. T. stolonifera, illus.
p.247.

T. hirta. Upright, rhizomatous perennial.

H 1—3ft (30cm-lm), S lVzft (45cm). In late
summer and early fall, clusters of large,
open bell-shaped, white-spotted, purple
flowers are produced from axils of
uppermost leaves. Narrowly oval, hairy,
dark green leaves clasp stems. Z4-9 H9-1.
var. alba, illus. p.277.

T. macrantha. Upright, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). In early fall
has loose sheaves of open bell-shaped,
deep primrose-yellow flowers, spotted light
chocolate, at tips of arching stems. Small,
oval leaves are dark green. Z8-9 H9-8.

T. stolonifera. See T. formosana.

TRIFOLIUM

Clover

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
some of which are semievergreen, grown
for their rounded, usually 3-lobed leaves
and heads of pealike flowers. Some species
are useful in rock gardens or on banks,
others in agriculture. Many are invasive.
Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall. Self¬
seeds readily.

T. repens "Purpurascens', illus. p.375.

TRILLIUM

Trinity flower, Wakerobin, Wood lily
LILIACEAE/TRILLIACEAE ~

Genus of rhizomatous perennials with
petals, sepals and leaves that are all borne
in whorls of 3. Is excellent for woodland
gardens, and also shaded borders and
rockeries. Prefers partial shade and fertile,
moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic
soil. Propagate by division after foliage has
died down in summer or by seed in fall.

T. cernuum (Nodding trillium). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12-18in (30-45cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has nodding, maroon-
centered, white flowers borne in spring
beneath luxuriant, 3-parted, mid-green
leaves. Z3-7 H8-1.

T. chloropetalum, illus. p.255.

T. erectum , illus. p.260.

T. grandiflorum, illus. p.255. "Flore
Pleno' is a clump-forming perennial.

H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Large,
solitary, double, pure white flowers,
borne in spring, turn pink with age. Has
large, broadly oval, dark green leaves.

T. nivale (Dwarf white wood lily.

Snow trillium). Early spring-flowering,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm),

S 4in (10cm). Whorls of 3 oval leaves are
produced at same time as outward-facing,
slightly nodding, white flowers, with 3
narrowly oval petals. Thrives in a trough
or alpine house. Is difficult to grow. Z5-8
H8-5.

T. ovatum, illus. p.255.

T. rivale, illus. p.350.

T. sessile, illus. p.260.

T. undulatum (Painted trillium. Painted
wood lily). Clump-forming perennial.

H 4-8in (10-20cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm).
Solitary, open funnel-shaped flowers, with
red-edged, green sepals and 3 white or
pink petals with carmine, basal stripe, are
borne in spring, above broadly oval, blue-
green, basal leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

TRIPETALEIA

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous shrub,
grown for its flowers; is now often included
in Elliottia. Needs partial shade and moist,
peaty, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in
fall.

T. paniculata, syn. Elliottia paniculata.
Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 5ft
(1.5m). Bears upright panicles of pink-
tinged, white flowers, with 3 (or 4 or 5)
narrow petals, from mid-summer to early
fall. Lance-shaped, dark green leaves
persist well into fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

TRI PTERYGIUM

CELASTRACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, twining or scrambling
climbers, grown for their foliage and fruits.
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
drained soil. Water freely while in growth,
less in low temperatures. Provide stems
with support. Thin out crowded stems in
winter or early spring. Propagate by seed
when ripe or in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

T. regelii. Deciduous, thin-stemmed,
twining or scrambling climber. H 30ft
(10m). Leaves are oval and usually rich
green. In late summer produces clusters,
8-10in (20-25cm) long, of small, off-white
flowers, followed by winged, green fruits.
Z5-8 H8-5.

Tristania conferta. See Lophostemon
confertus.

TRITELEIA

LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE ~

Genus of late spring- and early summer¬
flowering corms with wiry stems carrying
Allium -like umbels of funnel-shaped
flowers. Long, narrow leaves usually die
away by flowering time. Needs an open
but sheltered, sunny situation and well-
drained soil that dries out to some extent in
summer. Dies down in mid- to late summer
until spring; plant during dormancy in
early fall. Propagate by seed or offsets
in fall.

T. hyacinthina, syn. Brodiaea hyacinthina,
Brodiaea lactea, illus. p.408.

T. ixioides, syn. Brodiaea ixioides,
Brodiaea lutea (Pretty face). Early summer¬
flowering corm. H to 20in (50cm), S 3-4in
(8-10cm). Bears semierect, basal leaves.
Stem bears loose umbel, to 5in (12cm)
across, of yellow flowers; petals have
purple-stripe. Z7-13 H12-7. "Starlight',
illus. p.407.

T. laxa, syn. Brodiaea laxa, illus. p.411.
'Koningin Fabiola', syn. Brodiaea laxa
"Queen Fabiola', illus. p.411.

T. peduncularis, syn. Brodiaea
peduncularis. Early summer-flowering
corm. H 4-16in (10-40cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Bears semierect, basal leaves.
Stem bears loose umbel, to 14in (35cm)
across, of white flowers faintly tinged blue.
Z7-13 H12-7.

TRITON IA

IRIDACEAE

Genus of corms, with sword-shaped, erect
leaves, grown for their spikes of colorful
flowers. Needs a sunny, sheltered site
and well-drained soil. Plant corms in fall
(T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens in spring).
Dry off once leaves die back in summer
(winter for T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens ).
Propagate by seed in fall or by offsets at
replanting time.

T. crocata, syn. T. hyalina. Spring¬
flowering corm. H 6-14in (15-35cm),

S 2-3in (5-8cm). Has erect, basal leaves.
Each wiry stem bears loose spike of up
to 10 widely cup-shaped, orange or pink
flowers, l72-2in (4-5cm) across, with
transparent margins. Z8-10 H10-8.

T. disticha subsp. rubrolucens, syn.

T. rosea, T. rubrolucens, illus. p.409.

T. hyalina. See T. crocata.

T. rosea. See T. disticha subsp.
rubrolucens.

T. rubrolucens. See T. disticha subsp.
rubrolucens.

TROCHOCARPA

EPACRIDACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
nodding flower spikes. Requires sun and
moist but well-drained, peaty, sandy soil.
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer.
T. thymifolia. Slow-growing, evergreen,
erect shrub. H 12in (30cm), S to 8in (20cm).
Stems are covered in minute, thyme-like
leaves. Produces spikes, lVzin (4cm) long,
of tiny, bell-shaped, pink flowers in
summer-fall. Is suitable for an alpine
house. Z4-7 H7-1.

TROCHODENDRON

TROCHODENDRACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
shelter from strong, cold winds. Requires
sun or partial shade and moist but well-
drained soil; dislikes very dry or very
shallow, chalky soil. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.

T. aralioides, illus. p.79.

TROLLIUS

Globeflower

RANUNCULACEAE

Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
perennials that thrive beside ponds and
streams. Prefers sun or partial shade and
moist soil. Propagate by division in early
fall or by seed in summer or fall.

T. x cultorum "Alabaster', illus. p.436.
"Earliest of All' is a clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm).
Solitary, globular, butter-yellow flowers
are borne in spring, above rounded, deeply
divided, mid-green leaves. 'Goldquelle'
has large, rich orange flowers. "Orange
Princess', H 30in (75cm), bears orange-
gold flowers.

T. europaeus, illus. p.445. "Canary Bird'

is a clump-forming perennial. H 24in
(60cm), S 18in (45cm). In spring bears
globular, canary-yellow flowers above
rounded, deeply divided, mid-green leaves.
T. pumilus, illus. p.358.

T. yunnanensis. Clump-forming
perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
broadly oval leaves, with 3-5 deep lobes.
Buttercup-like, bright yellow flowers are
produced in late spring or summer. Z5-8
H8-5.

TROPAEOLUM

TROPAEOLACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, perennials and
herbaceous, twining climbers, grown for
their brightly colored flowers. Most species
prefer sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed, tubers or basal stem cuttings in
spring. Aphids and caterpillars of cabbage
white butterfly and its relatives may cause
problems.

T. azureum. Herbaceous, leaf-stalk
climber with small tubers. H to 4ft (1.2m).
Leaves have 5 narrow lobes. Small,
trumpet-shaped, short-spurred, purple-

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TULIPA

blue flowers, * * * * 5 /8- 3 /4in (1.5-2cm) wide, with
notched petals, are produced in late
summer. Zll H12-1.

T. canariense. See T. peregrinum.

T. 'Empress of India'. Fast-growing,
bushy annual. H 12in (23cm), S 18in
(45cm). Has rounded, purple-green
leaves. Trumpet-shaped, spurred,
semidouble, rich scarlet flowers, 2in
(5cm) wide, are borne from early summer
to early fall. Zll H12-1.

T. Gleam Series. Fast-growing, semi-
trailing annuals. H 16in (40cm), S 24in
(60cm). Have rounded, mid-green leaves.
From early summer to early fall bear
trumpet-shaped, spurred, semidouble
flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, in single colors or
in mixture that includes scarlet, yellow and
orange and pastel shades. Zll H12-1.

T. Jewel Series, illus. p.327.

T. majus (Indian cress. Nasturtium).
Fast-growing, bushy annual. H 3—10ft
(l-3m), S 5-15ft (1.5-5m). Has rounded to
kidney-shaped, wavy-margined, pale
green leaves. From summer to fall bears
trumpet-shaped, long-spurred, red,
orange or yellow flowers, 2-2V2in (5-6cm)
wide. Many cultivars often attributed to
T. majus, and with similar characteristics
to the species, are of hybrid origin, and
are described in this book under their
cultivar names. Zll HI2-1. Alaska
Series, illus. p.323. 'Hermine
Grashoff, illus. p.307.

T. 'Peach Melba'. Fast-growing, bushy
annual. H to 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
Bears rounded, mid-green leaves. Trumpet¬
shaped, spurred, scarlet-blotched, pale
yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are
produced from early summer to early fall.
Zll H12-1.

T. peregrinum, syn. T. canariense
(Canary creeper). Herbaceous, leaf-stalk
climber, best grown as an annual in cool
areas. H to 6ft (2m). Gray-green leaves have
5 broad lobes. Small, bright yellow flowers,
the 2 upper petals much larger and fringed,
are borne from summer until first frosts.
Z10-11 H12-1.

T. polyphyllum, illus. p.276.

T. speciosum, illus. p.202.

T. tricolor. See T. tricolorum.

T. tricolorum, syn. T. tricolor, illus. p.461.
T. tuberosum. Herbaceous, tuberous-
rooted, leaf-stalk climber. H 6-10ft (2-3m).
Grayish-green leaves have 3-5 lobes. From
mid-summer to late fall produces cup¬
shaped, long-spurred, orange-yellow
flowers, with orange-red sepals. Z8-15
H12-8. var. lineamaculatum 'Ken
Aslet', illus. p.207.

T. Whirlybird Series. Fast-growing,
bushy annuals. H lOin (25cm), S 14in
(35cm). Have rounded, mid-green leaves.
Trumpet-shaped, spurred, single to
semidouble flowers, 2in (5cm) wide, are
borne in mixture or in single colors from
early summer to early fall. Zll HI2-1.

TSUCA

Hemlock

P1NACEAE

See also CONIFERS.

T. canadensis, illus. p.102. Z4-8 H8-1.

'Aurea' is a broadly conical conifer, often

with several stems. H 15ft (5m) or more,

S 6-1 Oft (2-3m). Shoots are pale gray with
spirally-arranged, needlelike, flattened

leaves, golden-yellow when young, aging
to green in second year; those along top
are inverted to show silver bands. Has
ovoid, light brown cones. 'Bennett',

H 3—6ft (l-2m), S 6ft (2m), is a compact,
dwarf form with arching branches and
nest-shaped, central depression.

'Pendula', syn. T. canadensis f. pendula,

H and S 10-15ft (3-5m), has weeping
branches that may be trained to create
a dome; if left to spread at ground level,

H 20in (50cm), S 6-15ft (2-5m).

T. caroliniana (Carolina hemlock).

Conifer with a conical or ovoid crown.

H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 15-25ft (5-8m).
Red-brown shoots produce spirally-set,
needlelike, flattened, glossy, dark green
leaves. Bears ovoid, green cones, ripening
to brown. Z3-8 H7-3.

T. diversifolia (Northern Japanese
hemlock). Conifer with a broad, dense
crown. H 30-50ft (10-15m), S 25-40ft
(8-12m). Has orange shoots and needlelike,
flattened, glossy, deep green leaves,
banded with white beneath, that are
spirally set. Ovoid cones are dark brown.
Z6-8 H8-6.

T. heterophylla (Western hemlock).
Vigorous, conical conifer with drooping
branchlets. H 70-100ft (20-30m), S 25-30ft
(8-10m). Gray shoots bear spirally-set,
needlelike, flattened, dark green leaves,
with silvery bands beneath. Green cones
ripen dark brown. Z6-8 H8-6.

T. mertensiana. Narrowly conical conifer
with short, horizontal branches. H 25-50ft
(8-15m), S 10-20ft (3-6m). Red-brown
shoots bear needlelike, flattened, glaucous
blue-green or gray-green leaves, spirally
arranged. Cones are cylindrical and yellow-
green to purple, ripening to dark brown.
Z6-8 H8-6. 'Glauca', illus. p.99.

T. sieboldii (Southern Japanese hemlock).
Broadly conical conifer. H 50ft (15m),

S 25-30ft (8-10m). Has glossy, buff shoots
that bear needlelike, flattened, lustrous,
dark green leaves, set spirally. Cones are
ovoid and dark brown. Z6-8 H8-6.

TSUSIOPHYLLUM

ERICACEAE ~

Genus of one species of semievergreen
shrub, grown for its flowers. Is similar
to Rhododendron and is suitable for rock
gardens and peat beds. Requires partial
shade and well-drained, peaty, sandy soil.
Propagate by softwood cuttings in spring
or early summer or by seed in fall or
spring.

T. tanakae. Semievergreen, spreading
shrub. H 6in (15cm) or more, S lOin (25cm).
Twiggy, branched stems bear tiny,
narrowly oval, hairy leaves. In early
summer produces small, tubular, white
or pinkish-white flowers at stem tips.

Z6-8 H8-6.

TUBERARIA

CISTACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their
shallowly cup-shaped flowers. Requires
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate
by seed in spring.

T. guttata, syn. Helianthemum guttatum.
Moderately fast-growing, upright,
branching annual. H and S 4-12in
(10-30cm). Has lance-shaped, hairy.

mid-green leaves. In summer produces
yellow flowers, sometimes red-spotted
at base of petals, that look like small,
single roses. H9-1.

TULBAGHIA

LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE

Genus of clump-forming, mainly
deciduous, sometimes semievergreen,
rhizomatous or bulbous perennials.

Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division or seed in spring.

T. fragrans. See T. simmleri.

T. natalensis. Semievergreen, clump¬
forming perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 4in
(10cm). In mid-summer, umbels of
delicately fragrant, tubular, yellow-
centered, white flowers, with spreading
petal lobes, are produced above fine,
grasslike, mid-green foliage. Z7-9 H9-7.

T. pulchella. See T. simmleri.

T. simmleri, syn. T. fragrans, T. pulchella,
T. simmieri, illus. p.411.

T. violacea, illus. p.280.

TULIPA

Tulip

LILIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly spring-flowering bulbs,
grown for their bright, upward-facing
flowers. Each bulb produces a few linear to
lance-shaped, green or gray-green leaves
on the stem. Flowers bear 6 usually pointed
petals (botanically known as perianth
segments) and 6 stamens, singly, unless
otherwise stated below. Each plant has a
spread of up to 8in (20cm). Requires sun
and well-drained soil and appreciates a
summer baking; in cool, wet areas, bulbs
may be lifted, when the leaves have died
down, and stored in a dry place for
replanting in fall. Propagate by division
of bulbs in fall or, for species, by seed in
spring or fall. 0 If ingested, all parts may
cause mild stomach upset, and contact
with any part may aggravate skin allergies.
See also feature panel pp.400-401.
Horticulturally, tulips are grouped into
the following divisions.

Single Early Group (Div.l) —has cup¬
shaped, single, white to dark purple
flowers, to 3in (7cm) across, often
margined, "flamed" or flecked with a
contrasting color, from early to mid-spring.
H 6-18in (15-45cm).

Double Early Group (Div.2) —has bowl¬
shaped, fully double, dark red to yellow or
white flowers, to 3in (8cm) across, often
margined or flecked with another color,
borne in mid-spring. H 12-16in (30-40cm).
Triumph Group (Div.3) —sturdy stems
bear cup-shaped, single flowers, to 2 V 2 in
(6cm) across, in a range of colors and often
margined or flecked with a contrasting
color, in mid- and late spring. H 14-24in
(35-60cm).

Darwin Hybrid Group (Div.4) —has

egg-shaped, single flowers, to 3in (7cm)
across, in a range of colors and usually
flushed, "flamed" or margined with a
different color and often with contrasting
bases, from mid- to late spring. H 20-28in
(50-70cm).

Single Late Group including Cottage
and Darwin Hybrids (Div.5) —has

cup- or goblet-shaped, single flowers.

sometimes several to a stem, in white to
yellow, pink, red or almost black, often
with contrasting margins, in late spring.

H 18-30in (45-75cm).

Lily-flowered Group (Div.6) —strong
stems bear goblet-shaped, single flowers,
to 3in (8cm) across, with reflexed, pointed
petal tips and sometimes margined,
"flamed" or flushed with a contrasting
color, in late spring. H 18-26in (45-65cm).
Fringed Group (Div.7) —flowers are
similar to those in Div.6, but have fringed
petals. H 14-26in (35-65cm).

Viridiflora Group (Div.8) —has cup- or
almost closed bowl-shaped, single flowers,
to 3in (8cm) across, sometimes entirely
green, margined with another color, or
white to yellow, red or purple, "flamed"
or striped green, with contrasting centers,
borne in late spring. H 16-22in (40-55cm).

Rembrandt Group (Div.9) —comprises
mostly very old cultivars, similar to Div.6,
but has colors "broken" into striped or
feathered patterns owing to virus. Rowers
in late spring. H 18-26in (45-65cm).

Parrot Group (Div.10) —has cup-shaped,
single, white to pink or violet-blue flowers,
to 4in (10cm) across, often unevenly striped
with different colors, including green,
borne in late spring. Petals are finely and
irregularly cut. H 14-26in (35-65cm).
Double Late Group (peony-flowered)
(Div.ll) —has bowl-shaped, fully double
flowers, to 5in (12cm) across, in white to
purple, sometimes margined or "flamed"
in a different color, borne in late spring.

H 14-24in (35-60cm).

Kaufmanniana Group (Div.l2)—

comprises T. kauffinanniana and hybrids
and has bowl-shaped, single flowers, 3-4in
(8-10cm) across, frequently multicolored
and usually with distinctively colored
bases, in early or mid-spring. Leaves are
sometimes marked bronze, red or purple.

H 6-12in (15-30cm).

Fosteriana Group (Div.13) —comprises
T. fosteriana and hybrids and has bowl¬
shaped, single flowers, to 5in (12cm)
across, in white to yellow or dark red,
often margined or "flamed" in another
color and with contrasting bases, borne in
mid-spring. Leaves are sometimes marked
red-purple. H 8-26in (20-65cm).

Greigii Group (Div.l4) —comprises
T. greigii and hybrids and has bowl-shaped,
single, yellow to red flowers, to 4in (10cm)
across, sometimes "flamed" or margined
in a different color and with contrasting
bases, borne in early or mid-spring. Blue-
green leaves are generally wavy-margined
and always marked dark bluish-maroon.

H 6-12in (15-30cm).

Miscellaneous Group (Div.l5)—
comprises all species and hybrids not
included in other divisions. Flowers are
produced from late winter to late spring.

T. 'Abu Hassan' Div.3, illus. p.401. Mid- to
late spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).
Produces cardinal-red flowers with pinkish-
red stripes and yellow edges. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. acuminata (Horned tulip) Div.15, illus.
p.401. Mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 12-18in (30-45cm). Flowers are 3-5in
(7-13cm) long, with long-pointed, tapered,
pale red or yellow petals, often tinged with
red or green outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TULIPA

T. 'Ad Rem' Div.4. Mid- to late spring-
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers
are scarlet with black bases and yellow
margins. Anthers are yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. aitchisonii. See T. clusiana.

T. 'Albert Heijn' Div.13, illus. p.400. Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Bears
deep rose-pink flowers with purple sheen
and paler pink edges. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Ancilla' Div.12. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 6in (15cm). Flowers are pink and
reddish outside, white inside, with central,
red ring. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Angelique' Div.ll. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Delicately
scented, double, pale pink flowers deepen
with age. Each petal has paler streaks and
lighter margin. Is good for bedding. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Apeldoorn's Elite' Div.4, illus. p.401.
Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in
(60cm). Has buttercup-yellow flowers
feathered with cherry-red and with
yellowish-green bases. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Apricot Beauty' Div.l. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Rowers
salmon-pink faintly tinged red. Z3-8 H8-1.
T. 'Artist' Div.8, illus. p.401. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers are
salmon-pink and purple outside, sometimes
marked with green, and deep salmon-pink
and green inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Attila' Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Strong stems bear
long-lasting, pink flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. aucheriana Div.15. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has
gray-green leaves. Bears oval-petaled,
yellow-centered, pink flowers, 3 A-2in
(2-5cm) long, tapered at base. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. australis. See T. sylvestris.

T. bakeri. See T. saxatilis.

T. 'Balalaika' Div.5. Late spring-flowering
bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bright red flowers
have yellow bases and black stamens. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Ballade' Div.6, illus. p.400. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Reddish-
magenta flowers, with white-margined,
yellow bases, have long, white-margined
petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Ballerina' Div.6, illus. p.401. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Produces lemon-yellow flowers, with
flamelike, blood-red markings, orange-
yellow veins near margins and star-shaped
yellow bases. Inner surfaces are bright
red, feathered marigold-orange, with pale
golden-yellow anthers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. batalinii Div.15. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm). Is often included
under T. linifolia. Leaves are gray-green.
Flowers, 3 /4-272in (2-6cm) long, have
broadly oval petals and are bowl-shaped at
base. Pale yellow petals are darker yellow
or brown at bases inside. Several cultivars
are hybrids between T. batalinii and
T. linifolia. Z3-8 H8-1. These include
'Apricot Jewel' Div.15, with flowers that
are orange-red outside, yellow inside;
'Bright Gem' Div.15, which has yellow
flowers flushed with orange; and 'Bronze
Charm' Div.15, which bears yellow flowers
with bronze feathering.

T. 'Bellona' Div.l, illus. p.401. Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Fragrant flowers are deep golden-yellow. Is
good for bedding and forcing. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. biflora, syn. T. polychroma Div.15. Early

spring-flowering bulb. H 2-4in (5-10cm).
Has gray-green leaves. Stem bears 1-5
fragrant, yellow-centered, white flowers,
5 /8-172in (1.5-3.5cm) long and tapered at
bases. Narrowly oval petals are flushed
outside with greenish-gray or greenish-
pink. Is suitable for a rock garden. Z4-7
H7-1.

T. 'Bing Crosby' Div.3. Mid- to late
spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).

Has scarlet flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Bird of Paradise' Div.10, illus. p.400.
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Produces orange-margined, cardinal-red
flowers, with bright yellow bases. Anthers
are purple. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Black Hero' Div.ll, illus. p.401. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Flowers have maroon outer petals and
darker, almost black edges and dark
purple-black inner petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Black Jewel' Div.7. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces
deep maroon-purple, almost black flowers
with crystalline fringe very lightly marked
with golden-yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Blue Parrot' Div.10, illus. p.401. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Very
large, bright violet flowers, sometimes
bronze outside, are borne on strong stems.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Burgundy Lace' Div.7. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers are
wine-red with fringed margins. Z3-8 H8-1.
T. 'Candela' Div.13, illus. p.401. Early to
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Large, long-lasting, yellow flowers have
black anthers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Cape Cod' Div.14. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Gray-green
leaves have reddish stripes. Yellowish-
bronze flowers have black-and-red bases;
petals are margined yellow outside. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Carnaval de Nice' Div.ll, illus. p.400.
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Double, white flowers are feathered with
deep red. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'China Pink' Div.6, illus. p.400. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm).
White-based, pink flowers have slightly
reflexed petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Chopin' Div.12. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown-mottled,
gray-green leaves. Lemon-yellow flowers
have black bases. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. chrysantha. See T. clusiana var.
chrysantha.

T. 'Clara Butt' Div.5. Late spring-flowering
bulb. H 24in (60cm). Flowers are salmon-
pink. Is good for bedding. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. clusiana, syn. T. aitchisonii (Lady tulip)
Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H to
12in (30cm). Has gray-green leaves. Each
stem bears 1 or 2 flowers, 3/4-21/2in
(2-6.5cm) long, that are bowl-shaped
at base. Narrowly oval, white petals are
purple or crimson at base inside, striped
deep pink outside. Stamens are purple.

Z3-8 H8-1. Flowers of var. chrysantha,
syn. T. chrysantha Div.15 (illus. p.401) are
yellow, flushed red or brown outside,
with yellow stamens,, var. stellata Div.15
has white flowers with yellow bases and
yellow stamens.

T. 'Couleur Cardinal' Div.3. Mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Plum-purple
flowers are dark crimson-scarlet inside.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. dasystemon of gardens. See T. tarda.

T. 'Dawnglow' Div.4. Mid- to late-spring-
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Pale apricot
flowers are flushed with deep pink outside
and are deep yellow inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Diana' Div.l. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H llin (28cm). Large, pure white
flowers are borne on strong stems.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Dillenburg' Div.5. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 26in (65cm). Flowers are
brick-orange. Is good for bedding. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Don Quichotte' Div.3. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Purple-pink
flowers are long-lasting. Z4-7 H7-1.

T. 'Dreamboat' Div.14. Mid- to late
spring-flowering bulb. H lOin (25cm).
Produces gray-green leaves with brown
stripes. Urn-shaped, red-tinged, amber-
yellow flowers have greenish-bronze bases
with red blotches. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Dreaming Maid' Div.3, illus. p.401.
Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb. H 22in
(55cm). Flowers have white-margined,
violet petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Dreamland' Div.5, illus. p.400. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Flowers are red with white bases and
yellow anthers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. eichleri. See T. undulatifolia.

T. 'Esperanto' Div.8, illus. p.400. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm).
Produces flowers with rose-pink petals that
fade to pale pink toward base, and green-
feathered mid-veins. Has cream-edged,
gray-green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Estella Rijnveld' Div.10, illus. p.400.
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Large, red flowers are streaked with white
and green. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Fancy Frills' Div.10. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Fringed,
ivory-white petals are striped and
margined pink outside; inside, base is rose-
pink. Anthers are pale yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Flaming Parrot' Div.10. Late-spring
flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Deep yellow
flowers, "flamed" dark red, have primrose-
yellow bases. Insides are primrose-yellow
with glowing, blood-red "flames." Anthers
are purple-black. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. fosteriana Div.15. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 8-18in (20-45cm). Has a
downy stem and gray-green leaves, downy
above. Flowers, to 4in (10cm) long, are
bowl-shaped at base with narrowly oval,
bright red petals, and purplish-black center
inside, ringed with yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Fringed Beauty' Div.7. Early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm).
Fringed petals are bright red with yellow
margins. Is excellent for forcing. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Fringed Elegance' Div.7. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces
pale yellow flowers dotted with pink
outside; inside, bases have bronze-green
blotches. Each petal has yellow fringe.
Anthers are purple. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Gala Beauty' Div.9. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Yellow
flowers are streaked with crimson. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. 'Garden Party' Div.3. Mid- to late
spring-flowering bulb. H 16-18in (40-
45cm). Produces white flowers; petals are
margined deep pink outside, and inside are
streaked with deep pink. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Giuseppe Verdi' Div.12, illus. p.407.

T. 'Giiick' Div.12, illus. p.401. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). Has reddish-
brown-mottled, gray-green leaves. Petals
are red outside, margined bright yellow,
and yellow inside, with darker bases.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Golden Apeldoorn' Div.4, illus.
p.401. Mid- to late spring-flowering bulb.
H 20-24in (50-60cm). Golden-yellow
flowers have black bases and stamens.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Golden Artist' Div.8. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
are bright golden-yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Gordon Cooper' Div. 4. Mid- to
late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Petals are deep pink outside, margined
red; and inside are red with blue-and-
yellow bases. Has black anthers.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Greenland'. See T. 'Greenland'.

T. greigii Div.15. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H 8-18in (20-45cm). Has downy
stems. Leaves are streaked or mottled with
red or purple. Cup-shaped flowers, l74-4in
(3-10cm) long, with broadly oval, red or
yellow petals, have yellow-ringed, black
centers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Greuze' Div.5. Late spring-flowering
bulb. H 26in (65cm). Flowers are dark
violet-purple. Is good for bedding.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Groenland', syn. T. 'Greenland' Div.8,
illus. p.400. Late spring-flowering bulb.

H 20in (50cm). Bears flowers with green
petals that are margined rose-pink. Is a
good bedding tulip. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. hageri Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm). Stem has 1-4
flowers, l 1 /2-272in (3-6cm) long, tapered at
base and with oval, dull red petals tinged
with green outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Heart's Delight' Div.12. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 8-10in (20-25cm). Has
green leaves striped red-brown. Deep
pinkish-red flowers, margined pale pink,
have pale pink inside with red-blotched,
yellow bases. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Hollywood' Div.8. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Red flowers,
tinged and streaked with green, have
yellow bases. Is good for bedding.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. humilis Div.15. Variable, early spring¬
flowering bulb, often considered to include
T. aucheriana, T. pulchella and T. violacea.

H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green leaves.
Stem bears usually 1, sometimes 2 or 3,
pinkish-magenta flowers, 3 /4-2in (2-5cm)
long, tapered at base and with yellow
center inside. Petals are oval. Is suitable
for a rock garden. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Jack Laan' Div.9. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Purple
flowers are shaded with brown and
feathered with white and yellow.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Juan' Div.13. Early to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
are deep orange overlaid with scarlet.
Leaves are marked with reddish-brown.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. kaufmanniana (Water lily tulip) Div.15,
illus. p.401. Early spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-14in (10-35cm). Leaves are gray-green.
Stem has 1-5 often scented flowers, l72-4in
(3-10cm) long and bowl-shaped at base.
Narrowly oval petals are usually cream or

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

yellow, flushed with pink or gray-green
outside; centers are often a different color.
Pink, orange or red forms occasionally
occur. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Keizerskroon' Div.l. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers
have crimson-scarlet petals, with broad,
bright yellow margins. Is a good, reliable
bedding tulip. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Kingsblood' Div.5. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Cherry-red
flowers are margined scarlet. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. linifolia Div.15. Variable, early spring¬
flowering bulb, often considered to include
T. batalinii and T. maximowiczii. H 4-12in
(10-30cm). Has gray-green leaves. Red
flowers, 3 /4-2in (2-6cm) long, are bowl¬
shaped at base and, inside, have blackish-
purple centers that are usually ringed with
cream or yellow. Petals are broadly oval.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Lustige Witwe', syn. T. 'Merry
Widow' Div.3. Mid- to late spring-flowering
bulb. Flowers have deep glowing red petals
margined white. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Madame Lefeber', syn. T. 'Red
Emperor' Div.13, illus. p.401. Early to mid¬
spring-flowering bulb. H 14-16in (35—
40cm). Produces very large, brilliant red
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Maja' Div.7, illus. p.401. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has egg-
shaped, pale yellow flowers, with fringed
petals, that are bronze-yellow at base.
Anthers are yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Margot Fonteyn' Div.3. Mid- to
late spring-flowering bulb. H 16-18in (40-
45cm). Yellow-margined, bright red flowers
have yellow base inside. Anthers are black.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. marjolletii Div.15. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16-20in (40-50cm).
Produces flowers, 172-2V2in (4-6cm) long
and bowl-shaped at base, with broadly
oval, creamy-white petals, margined and
marked deep pink. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Maureen' Div.5. Late spring-flowering
bulb. H 28in (70cm). Bears marble-white
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. maximowiczii Div.15. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm). Has
gray-green leaves. Bright red flowers,
3 /4-2V2in (2-6cm) long, with broadly
oval petals, have white-bordered, black
centers and are bowl-shaped at base.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Menton' Div.5, illus. p.401. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm).
Flowers have light orange-margined,
rose-pink petals with bright yellow and
white bases. Anthers are yellow.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Merry Widow'. See T. 'Lustige
Witwe'.

T. 'Monte Carlo' Div.2. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Has double,
bright yellow flowers with sparse, red
streaks. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Negrita' Div.3, illus. p.401. Mid- to
late spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Produces deep purple flowers with red-
purple streaks. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'New Design' Div.3. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers
have yellow petals that fade to pinkish-
white and are margined red outside and
marked apricot inside. Leaves have
pinkish-white margins. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Orange Emperor' Div.13. Early to

mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Flowers are bright orange, with yellow
base inside and have black anthers.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Orange Triumph' Div.ll. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has double,
soft orange-red flowers flushed with
brown, and yellow margins. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Oranje Nassau' Div.2. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 10-12in (25-30cm). Has
double, blood-red flowers flushed fiery
orange-red. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Oratorio' Div.14. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Has brown-
mottled, gray-green leaves. Broadly
urn-shaped flowers are rose-pink outside,
apricot-pink inside with black bases.

Z3-8 H8-1.

T. orphanidea Div.15, illus. p.401. Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10-30cm).
Green leaves often have reddish margins.
Stem has 1-4 flowers, lV4-272in (3-6cm)
long and tapered at base. Oval, orange-
brown petals are tinged green outside and
often purple. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Page Polka' Div.3. Mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. Large, deep red flowers
have white bases and are striped with
white. Anthers are yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Palestrina' Div.5. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Petals of
large, salmon-pink flowers are green
outside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Peach Blossom' Div.2. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 10-12in (25-30cm).
Produces double, silvery-pink flowers
flushed with deep pink. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Peer Gynt' Div.3. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Purple-
margined, fuchsia-red flowers have white
bases spotted with yellow. Anthers are
purplish-gray. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Plaisir' Div.14. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 6-8in (15-20cm). Has
gray-green leaves mottled with red-
brown. Bears broadly urn-shaped,
pale yellow-margined, deep pinkish-red
flowers, with black-and-yellow bases.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. polychroma. See T. biflora.

T. praestans. 'Fusilier' Div.15 Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 4-18in (10-45cm).
Has minutely downy stem and downy,
gray-green leaves. Stem bears 3-5 flowers,
274-272in (5.5-6.5cm) long, with bowl¬
shaped bases. Oval petals are orange-
scarlet. 'Unicum' Div.15 (illus. p.401) has
leaves that are margined pale yellow.
Yellow-based, bright red flowers have blue-
black anthers. 'Van Tuber gen's Variety'
Div.15 produces 2-5 flowers, which are
often yellow-based, per stem; increases
very freely.

T. 'Prinses Irene' Div.l, illus. p.401.

Early spring-flowering bulb. H 12-14in
(30-35cm). Produces orange flowers
streaked with purple. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. pulchella Div.15. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green
leaves. Oval-petaled, purple flowers, 3 A-2in
(2-5cm) long, are tapered at base and have
yellow or bluish-black center inside. Is
useful for a rock garden. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Purissima', syn. T. 'White Emperor'
Div.13, illus. p.400. Early to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14-16in (35-40cm).
Flowers are pure white. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Queen of Night' Div.5, illus. p.401.
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 24in

(60cm). Has long-lasting, very dark
maroon-black flowers on sturdy stems.

Is the darkest of all tulips. Is useful for
bedding. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Queen of Sheba' Div.6. Late-spring-
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Bears
orange-margined, glowing, brownish-red
flowers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Red Emperor'. See T. 'Madame
Lefeber'.

T. 'Red Parrot' Div.10. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Large,
raspberry-red flowers are borne on strong
stems. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Red Riding Hood' Div.14, illus. p.401.
Late spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm).
Has vivid, black-based, scarlet flowers
amid spreading, dark green leaves mottled
brownish-purple. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. saxatilis , syn. T. bakeri Div.15, illus.
p.400. Early spring-flowering bulb.

H 6-18in (15-45cm). Has glossy, mid-green
leaves. Stem produces 1-4 scented flowers,
l72-274in (4-5.5cm) long and tapered at
base. Oval, pink to lilac petals are yellow
at base inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Shakespeare' Div.12. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 5-6in (12-15cm). Petals
are deep red outside, margined salmon,
and salmon inside, flushed red with yellow
base. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Shirley' Div.3, illus. p.400. Mid- to late
spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Bears
ivory-white flowers with pinkish-purple
petal edges and flecks. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. sprengeri Div.15, illus. p.401. Late
spring- and early summer-flowering bulb.

H 12-18in (30-45cm). Flowers are l 3 A-272in
(4.5-6.5cm) long and tapered at base. Bears
narrowly oval, orange-red petals, the outer
3 with buff-yellow backs. Is latest-flowering
tulip; increases rapidly. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Spring Green' Div.8, illus. p.400.

Late spring-flowering bulb. H 14-15in
(35-38cm). Has white flowers feathered
with green. Anthers are pale green. Z3-8
H8-1.

T. sylvestris, syn. T. australis Div.15,
illus. p.401. Early spring-flowering bulb.

H 4-18in (10-45cm). Yellow flowers,
172-2 3 Ain (3.5-6.5cm) long, usually borne
singly, are tapered at base. Narrowly oval
petals are often tinged with green outside.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. tarda, syn. T. dasystemon Div.15. Early
spring-flowering bulb. H to 6in (15cm). Has
glossy, bright green leaves. Each stem
bears 4-6 flowers, 1Y4-I72in (3-4cm) long,
with tapered bases. Oval, white petals have
yellow lower halves inside and are tinged
with green and sometimes red outside. Is
suitable for a rock garden or raised bed.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Toronto' Div.14. Mid- to late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Has
mottled leaves and 2 or 3 long-lasting
flowers per stem. Open, broadly cup¬
shaped flowers have pointed, bright red
petals with brownish-green-yellow base
inside. Anthers are bronze. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. turkestanica Div.15, illus. p.400. Early
spring-flowering bulb. H 4-12in (10—
30cm). Has hairy stem and gray-green
leaves. Stem bears up to 12 unpleasant¬
smelling flowers, 5 /&-l72in (1.5-3.5cm)
long, with tapered bases. Oval, white
petals are flushed green or pink outside;
flowers have yellow or orange centers
inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

TURRAEA

T. 'Uncle Tom' Div.ll, illus. p.401. Late
spring-flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm).
Double flowers are maroon-red. Z3-8 H8-1.
T. undulatifolia , syn. T. eichleri Div.15.
Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.

H 6-20in (15-50cm). Has downy stem
and gray-green leaves. Flowers, 174-3in
(3-8cm) long, are bowl-shaped at base.
Narrowly oval, red or orange-red petals
have pale red or buff backs and yellow-
bordered, dark green or black blotch at
base inside. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Union Jack' Div.5. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 24in (60cm). Ivory-white
petals, marked with deep pinkish-red
"flames," have blue-margined, white bases.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. urumiensis Div.15. Early spring¬
flowering bulb. H 4-8in (10-20cm). Stem
is mostly below soil level. Leaves are green
or grayish-green. Bears 1 or 2 flowers,
I72in (4cm) long, with tapered bases.
Narrowly oval, yellow petals are flushed
mauve or red-brown outside. Is useful for
a rock garden. Z4-7 H8-1.

T. violacea Div.15. Early spring-flowering
bulb. H to 8in (20cm). Has gray-green
leaves. Oval-petaled, violet-pink flowers,
"y4-2m (2-5cm) long, are tapered at base
and have yellow or bluish-black centers
inside. Is suitable for a rock garden or
raised bed. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'West Point' Div.6. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Primrose-
yellow flowers have long-pointed, recurved
petals. Z4-7 H7-1.

T. 'White Dream' Div.3, illus. p.400. Mid-
to late spring-flowering bulb. H 16-18in
(40-45cm). Flowers are white with yellow
anthers. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'White Emperor'. See T. 'Purissima'.

T. 'White Parrot' Div.10. Late spring¬
flowering bulb. H 22in (55cm). Large
flowers have ruffled, white petals, flecked
green near base. Is good for cut flowers.
Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'White Triumphator' Div.6, illus.
p.400. Late spring-flowering bulb.

H 26-28in (65-70cm). White flowers have
reflexed petals. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. whittallii Div.15. Mid-spring-flowering
bulb. H 12-14in (30-35cm). Stem produces
1-4 oval-petaled, bright brownish-orange
flowers, l74-2Y2in (3-6cm) long, with
tapered bases. Z3-8 H8-1.

T. 'Yokohama' Div.l. Early to mid-spring¬
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Pointed
flowers are deep yellow. Z3-8 H8-1.

Tunica saxifraga. See Petrorhagia
saxifraga.

TURRAEA

MELIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Prefers
full sun and needs fertile, well-drained soil.

Water freely when in growth, less at other
times. Young plants may need growing
point removed to promote branching.

Prune after flowering if necessary.

Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
cuttings in summer.

T. obtusifolia. Evergreen, rounded,
bushy, arching shrub. Has oval to lance¬
shaped leaves. Bears fragrant, white
flowers from fall to spring, followed by
orange-yellow fruits like tiny, peeled 715

tangerines. Z10-11 H12-10.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

TWEEDIA

TWEEDIA

ASCLEPIADACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers;
only one species is in general cultivation. In
cool climates, may be grown as an annual.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Pinch
out tips of shoots to encourage branching.
Propagate by seed in spring.

T. caerulea, syn. Oxypetalum caeruleum.
Herbaceous, twining climber with white-
haired stems. H to 3ft (lm). Pink-flushed
buds open, in summer and early fall, to
reveal small, fleshy, pale blue flowers,
maturing purple. Has green fruits, to 6in
(15cm) long. Z12-15 H12-10.

TYLECODON

CRASSULACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, bushy, winter¬
growing, succulent shrubs with very
swollen stems. Requires sun and very
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
stem cuttings in summer. ® The leaves
of T. wallichii are highly toxic if ingested.

T. paniculatus, syn. Cotyledon paniculata
(Botterbom, Butter tree). Deciduous, bushy,
succulent shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Swollen
stem and branches have papery, yellow
coverings. Leaves are oblong to oval, fleshy
and bright green. In summer, clusters of
tubular, green-striped, red flowers are
produced at stem tips. Z12-15 H12-10.

T. papillaris subsp. wallichii. See
T. wallichii.

T. reticulatus, syn. Cotyledon reticulata
(Barbed-wire plant). Deciduous, bushy,
succulent shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm).

Swollen branches bear cylindrical leaves in
winter. Has tubular, green-yellow flowers,
on woody stem, in fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

T. wallichii , syn. T. papillaris subsp.
wallichii. Cotyledon wallichii. Deciduous,
bushy, succulent shrub. H and S 1ft (30cm).
Has cylindrical, grooved-topped, gray-
green leaves at stem tips. After leaf fall,
stems are neatly covered in raised leaf
bases. Bears tubular, yellow-green flowers,
3 Ain (2cm) long, in fall. Z12-15 H12-10.

TYPHA

Cattail

TYPHACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
water plants, grown for their cylindrical
seed heads. Tolerates sun and shade.
Propagate in spring by seed or division.

T. latifolia, illus. p.442. 'Variegata' is a
deciduous, perennial marginal water plant.
H 3—4ft (90cm-1.2m), S indefinite. Strap¬
shaped, mid-green leaves have longitudinal,
cream stripes. Spikes of beige flowers, in
late summer, are followed by cylindrical,
dark brown seed heads. Z2-11 H12-1.

T. minima, illus. p.443.

716

uvw

UGNI

MYRTACEAE ~

Genus of densely leafy, evergreen shrubs
or trees. U. molinae, the only species usually
cultivated, is grown for its foliage, flowers
and fruit. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
semiripe cuttings in late summer.

U. molinae, syn. Eugenia ugni, Myrtus
ugni (Chilean guava). Evergreen, upright,
densely branched shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft
(lm). Glossy, dark green leaves are oval.

Has fragrant, slightly nodding, cup-shaped,
pink-tinted, white flowers in late spring,
followed by aromatic, edible, spherical,
dark red fruits. Is good for hedging in mild
areas. Z9-10 H10-9.

ULEX

Furze, Gorse

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of leafless, or almost leafless,
shrubs, grown for their spring flowers.
Plants have year-round, green shoots and
spines so appear to be evergreen. Needs
full sun and prefers poor, well-drained,
acidic soil. Trim each year after flowering
to maintain compact habit. Straggly, old
plants may be cut back hard in spring.
Propagate by seed in fall. (D The seeds
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
17. europaeus, illus. p.148. 'Flore Pleno'
is a leafless, or almost leafless, bushy
shrub. H 3ft (lm), S 4ft (1.2m). In spring
bears masses of fragrant, pealike, double,
yellow flowers on leafless, dark green
shoots. Z6-8 H8-6.

Ulma carpinifolia. See Ulmus minor.
Ulma 'Dicksonii'. See Ulmus minor
'Dicksonii'.

Ulma minor 'Sarniensis Aurea'. See

Ulmus minor 'Dicksonii'.

Ulma 'Wheatleyi Aurea'. See Ulmus
minor 'Dicksonii'.

ULMUS

Elm

ULMACEAE

Genus of deciduous or, rarely,
semievergreen trees and shrubs, often
large and stately, grown for their foliage
and habit. Inconspicuous flowers appear
in spring. Requires full sun and fertile,
well-drained soil. Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer or by seed or suckers
in fall. Is susceptible to Dutch elm disease,
which is quickly fatal, although U. parvifolia
and U. pumila appear more resistant than
other species and hybrids.

U. americana (American elm). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H and S 100ft (30m). Has
gray bark and drooping branchlets. Large,
oval, dark green leaves are sharply toothed
and rough-textured. Z3-9 H9-1.

U. angustifolia. See U. minor subsp.
angustifolia, var. cornubiensis. See
U. minor 'Cornubiensis'.

17. 'Camperdownii'. See U. glabra
'Camperdownii'.

17. glabra (Dutch elm). Deciduous,
spreading tree. H 100ft (30m), S 80ft (25m).

Has broadly oval, toothed, very rough,
dark green leaves, often slightly lobed at
tips. From mid- to late spring bears clusters
of winged, green fruits on bare branches.
Z3-9 H8-2. 'Camperdownii', syn. U.
'Camperdownii' illus. p.88. 'Exoniensis'
(Exeter elm), H 50ft (15m), S 15ft (5m),
is narrow with upright branches when
young, later becoming more spreading.
Z5-7 H7-5.

17. x hollandica (Holland elm). Vigorous,
deciduous tree with a short trunk and
spreading to arching branches. H 100ft
(30m), S 80ft (25m). Has oval, toothed, glossy,
dark green leaves. Is very susceptible to
Dutch elm disease. Z5-7 H7-5. 'Jacqueline
Hillier', H and S 6ft (2m), is slow-growing
and suitable for hedging. Small leaves,
rough-textured and sharply toothed, form 2
rows on each shoot; they persist into early
winter. 'Vegeta' (Huntingdon elm), H 120ft
(35m), has upright central branches and
pendent outer shoots. Broadly oval leaves
turn yellow in fall.

17. minor, syn. Ulma carpinifolia
(European field elm. Smooth-leaf elm).
Deciduous, spreading tree with arching
branches and pendent shoots. H 100ft
(30m), S 70ft (20m). Small, oval, toothed,
glossy, bright green leaves turn yellow
in fall. Z5-8 H8-5. subsp. angustifolia,
syn. U. angustifolia (Goodyer's elm) has
a rounded canopy and elliptic to oval,
double-toothed, mid- to dark green leaves,
paler beneath. 'Cornubiensis', syn. U.
angustifolia var. cornubiensis (Cornish elm),
S 50ft (15m), is conical when young and
with a vase-shaped head when mature.
'Dicksonii', syn. Ulma 'Dicksonii', Ulma
minor 'Sarniensis Aurea', Ulma 'Wheatleyi
Aurea' illus. p.76. 'Sarniensis' (Jersey elm,
Wheatley elm), S 30ft (10m), is a conical,
dense tree with upright branches. Small,
broadly oval leaves are mid-green.

17. parvifolia (Chinese elm, Lacebark elm).
Deciduous or semievergreen, rounded tree.
H and S 50ft (15m). Small, oval, glossy, dark
green leaves last well into winter or, in mild
areas, may persist until fresh growth
appears. Z5-9 H9-5.

17. procera (English elm). Vigorous,
deciduous, spreading tree with a bushy,
dense, dome-shaped head. H 120ft (35m),

S 50ft (15m). Broadly oval, toothed, rough,
dark green leaves turn yellow in fall.

Z5-8 H8-1.

17. pumila (Siberian elm). Deciduous,
spreading, sometimes shrubby tree. H 50ft
(15m), S 40ft (12m). Has oval, toothed, dark
green leaves. Has some resistance to Dutch
elm disease, but seedlings may be
susceptible in hot summers. Z3-9 H9-1.

17. 'Wheatleyi Aurea'. See U. minor
'Dicksonii'.

UMBELLULARIA

LAURACEAE

Genus of evergreen, spring-flowering
trees, grown for their aromatic foliage.
Requires shelter from strong, cold winds
when young. Needs sun and fertile, moist
but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
in fall. ® The scent of crushed leaves may
induce headaches and nausea.

17. californica, illus. p.69.

Urceolina peruviana. See

Stenomesson miniatum.

Urginea maritima. See Drimia maritima.

URSINIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials
and subshrubs, grown mainly for their
flower heads usually in summer, a few
species for their foliage. Needs full light
and well-drained soil. Water container
plants moderately when in full growth, less
at other times. Requires good ventilation if
grown under glass. Propagate by seed or
greenwood cuttings in spring. Aphids are
sometimes troublesome.

U. anthemoides, illus. p.322.

17. chrysanthemoides. Evergreen, bushy
perennial. H and S 2ft (60cm) or more. Has
narrowly oval, feathery, strongly scented,
green leaves. Bears small, long-stalked,
daisylike, yellow flower heads, sometimes
coppery below, in summer. Z13-15 H12-10.
U. sericea. Evergreen, bushy subshrub.

H and S 10-18in (25-45cm). Leaves are cut
into filigree of very slender, silver-haired
segments. Daisylike, yellow flower heads
are produced in summer. Is mainly grown
for its foliage. Z13-15 H12-10.

UTRICULARIA

Bladderwort

LENTIBULARIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
perennial, carnivorous water plants
with bladder-like, modified leaves that
trap and digest insects. Most species in
cultivation are free-floating. Some species
are suitable only for tropical aquariums;
those grown in outdoor pools require full
sun. Thin out plants that are overcrowded
or become laden with algae. Propagate
by division of floating foliage in spring
or summer.

U. exoleta. See U. gibba.

U. gibba, syn. U. exoleta. Deciduous,
perennial, free-floating water plant that
is evergreen in very warm water. S 6in
(15cm). Slender stems bear finely divided,
mid-green leaves on which small bladders
develop. Pouched, bright yellow flowers
are produced in summer. Is suitable only
for a tropical aquarium. Z12-15 H12-10.

U. vulgaris. Deciduous, perennial, free-
floating water plant. S 12in (30cm). Much-
divided, bronze-green leaves, studded with
small bladders, are produced on slender
stems. Bears pouched, bright yellow
flowers in summer. May be grown in a
pond or cold-water aquarium. Z12-15
H12-10.

UVULARIA

Merrybells

LILIACEAE/CONVALLARIACEAE ~

Genus of spring-flowering perennials that
thrive in moist woodlands. Requires partial
shade and prefers moist but well-drained,
peaty soil. Propagate by division in early
spring, before flowering.

U. grandiflora, illus. p.262.

17. perfoliata. Clump-forming perennial.

H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). In spring,
clusters of pendent, bell-shaped, pale
yellow flowers, with twisted petals, are
produced on numerous slender stems
above stem-clasping, narrowly oval, mid¬
green leaves. Z4-9 H9-1.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

VACCINIUM

Blueberry ,, Cranberry ,, Huckleberry
ERICACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous or evergreen
subshrubs, shrubs and trees, grown for
their foliage, fall color (on deciduous
species), flowers and fruits, which are often
edible. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained, peaty or sandy,
acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings
in summer or by seed in fall.

V. angustifolium var. laevifolium,
illus. p.163.

V. arctostaphylos (Caucasian
whortleberry). Deciduous, upright shrub.
H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown
young shoots and oval, dark green leaves
that mature to red and purple in fall. Bell¬
shaped, white flowers, tinged with red,
are produced in spreading racemes in
early summer, followed by spherical,
purplish-black fruits. Z6-8 H8-6.

V. corymbosum, illus. p.150. 'Pioneer'
illus. p.163.

V. glaucoalbum , illus. p.165.

V. myrtillus (Sourtop blueberry).
Deciduous, usually prostrate shrub. H 6in
(15cm) or more, S 12in (30cm) or more.
Bears small, heart-shaped, leathery, bright
green leaves. Pendent, bell-shaped, pale
pink flowers, in early summer, are followed
by edible, spherical, blue-black fruits.

Z5-7 H7-5.

V. nummularia. Evergreen, prostrate
shrub. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Slender
stems, covered in red-brown bristles, bear
oval, wrinkled, bright green leaves, with red-
brown bristles at margins. Small racemes of
bell-shaped, white to deep pink flowers at
stem tips in early summer are followed by
small, spherical, black fruits. Is suitable for a
rock garden or peat bed. Needs partial
shade. May also be propagated by division
in spring. Z7-9 H9-7.

V. parvifolium, illus. p.163.

V. vitis-idaea (Cowberry). Vigorous,
evergreen, prostrate shrub, spreading
by underground runners. H 3 /4-10in
(2-25cm), S indefinite. Forms hummocks
of oval, hard, leathery leaves. Bell¬
shaped, white to pink flowers are borne
in nodding racemes from early summer
to fall, followed by spherical, bright
red fruits in fall-winter. May also be
propagated by division in spring. Z2-6
H6-1. subsp. minus , syn. V. vitis-idaea
'Minus' illus. p.351. 'Minus'. See V. vitis-
idaea subsp. minus.

VALERIANA

Valerian

VALERIANACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
that are suitable for growing in borders
and rock gardens. Requires sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by division in fall,
V. officinalis by seed in spring.

V. officinalis , illus. p.231.

V. phu 'Aurea', illus. p.262.

VALLEA

ELAEOCARPACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
grown for its overall appearance. Prefers
full sun and rich, well-drained soil. Water
container plants freely in growing season.

moderately at other times. Untidy growth
may be cut out in early spring. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer. Red spider mite may be a
nuisance.

V. stipularis. Evergreen, erect, then
loose and spreading shrub. H and S 6—15ft
(2-5m). Leaves are lance-shaped to
rounded and lobed, deep green above, gray
beneath. Small, cup-shaped flowers, with
5 deep pink petals that have 3 lobes, are
borne in small, terminal and lateral clusters
in spring-summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

VALLISNERIA

HYDROCHARITACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, perennial,
submerged water plants, grown for their
foliage. Is suitable for ponds and
aquariums. Requires sun or partial shade
and deep, clear water. Remove fading
foliage, and thin overcrowded plants as
required. Propagate by division in spring
or summer.

V. americana , syn. V. gigantea. Vigorous,
evergreen, perennial, submerged water
plant. S indefinite. Quickly grows to form
colonies of long, strap-shaped, mid-green
leaves. Produces insignificant, greenish
flowers all year-round. Z4-11 H12-1.

V. gigantea. See V. americana.

V. spiralis (Eel grass. Tape grass).
Vigorous, evergreen, perennial, submerged
water plant. S indefinite. Forms a mass
of long, strap-shaped, mid-green leaves,
but on a smaller scale than V. americana.
Insignificant, greenish flowers are borne
year-round. Z4-11 H12-1.

Vallota speciosa. See Cyrtanthus elatus.

VANCOUVERIA

BERBERIDACEAE

Genus of perennials, some of which are
evergreen, suitable for groundcover.

Prefers partial shade and moist, peaty
soil. Propagate by division in spring.

V. chrysantha. Evergreen, sprawling
perennial. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite.

Oval, dark green leaves borne on flower
stems are divided into rounded diamond¬
shaped leaflets with thickened, undulating
margins. Loose sprays of small, bell¬
shaped, yellow flowers are borne in
spring. Z6-8 H8-6.

V. hexandra. Vigorous, spreading
perennial. H 8in (20cm), S indefinite.
Leathery leaves are divided into almost
hexagonal leaflets. Bears open sprays of
many tiny, white flowers in late spring
and early summer. Makes good woodland
groundcover. Z5-8 H8-5.

VANDA

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

V. Rothschildiana gx, illus. p.466.
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool or
intermediate greenhouse. H 24in (60cm).
Sprays of dark-veined, violet-blue flowers,
4in (10cm) across, are borne twice a year in
varying seasons. Has narrowly oval, rigid
leaves, 4-5in (10-12cm) long. Grow in a
hanging basket and provide good light in
summer. Z15 H12-10.

VELLOZIA

VELLOZIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown for their showy flowers. Needs full
sun and moderately fertile, very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or division
in spring.

V. elegans , syn. Barbacenia elegans,
Talbotia elegans. Evergreen, mat-forming
perennial with slightly woody stems.

H to 6in (15cm), S 6-12in (15-30cm). Lance¬
shaped, leathery, dark green leaves, to
8in (20cm) long, have V-shaped keels.

In late spring bears solitary, small, star¬
shaped, white flowers on slender stems
above leaves. Z14-15 H12-10.

VELTHEIMIA

LILIACEAE/HYACINTHACEAE ~

Genus of winter-flowering bulbs, grown
for their dense spikes of pendent,
tubular flowers and rosettes of basal
leaves. Needs full light, to keep foliage
compact and to develop flower colors
fully, and well-drained soil. Plant in fall
with tips above soil surface. Reduce
watering in summer. Propagate by seed
or offsets in fall.

V. bracteata, syn. V capensis of gardens,
V. undulata, V. viridifolia, illus. p.414.

V. capensis , syn. V. glauca , V. viridifolia of
gardens. Winter-flowering bulb. H 12-18in
(30-45cm), S 8-12in (20-30cm). Has basal
rosette of lance-shaped leaves, usually with
very wavy edges. Stem produces dense
spike of pink or red flowers, 3 /4-lV2in
(2-3cm) long. Z12-15 H12-10.

V. capensis of gardens. See V. bracteata.

V. glauca. See V. capensis.

V. undulata. See V. bracteata.

V. viridifolia. See V. bracteata.

V. viridifolia of gardens. See V. capensis.

x Venidioarctotis. See Arctotis.

VERATRUM

LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE ~

Genus of perennials, with poisonous
black rhizomes, ideal for woodland
gardens. Requires partial shade and
fertile, moist soil. Propagate by division
or seed in fall. (D All parts are highly
toxic if ingested. Contact with the foliage
may irritate skin.

V. album (False hellebore. White
hellebore). Clump-forming perennial. H 6ft
(2m), S 2ft (60cm). Basal leaves are pleated,
oval and dark green. Stems bear dense,
terminal panicles of saucer-shaped,
yellowish-white flowers in summer.
Hll-10.

V. nigrum , illus. p.216.

VERBASCUM

Mullein

SCROPHULARIACEAE ~

Genus of mainly summer-flowering
perennials, some of which are
semievergreen or evergreen, and
evergreen biennials and shrubs. Prefers an
open, sunny site and well-drained soil.
Propagate species by seed in spring or late
summer or by root cuttings in winter,
selected forms by root cuttings only. Some
species self-seed freely.

VERBENA

V. bombyciferum (Turkish mullein).
Evergreen, erect biennial. H 4—6ft (1.2-2m),
S 2ft (60cm). Oval leaves and stems are
covered with silvery hairs. Produces
upright racemes densely set with 5-lobed,
yellow flowers in summer. Z5-9 H9-2.

V. chaixii (Nettle-leaved mullein). Erect
perennial, covered with silvery hairs. H 3ft
(lm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oval, toothed, rough,
nettle-like leaves. Produces slender spires
of 5-lobed, yellow, sometimes white
flowers, with purple stamens, in summer.
Z5-9 H9-5.

V. 'Cotswold Beauty', illus. p.246.

V. 'Cotswold Queen'. Short-lived,
rosette-forming perennial. H 3-4ft
(1-1. 2m), S 1— 2ft (30-60cm). Throughout
summer, branched racemes of 5-lobed,
apricot-buff flowers are borne on stems
that arise from oval, mid-green leaves.
Z5-9 H9-5.

V. densiflorum, syn. V. thapsiforme.

Fairly slow-growing, semievergreen,
rosette-forming, upright perennial. H 4-5ft
(1.2-1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Has large, oval,
crinkled, hairy, mid-green leaves. Each
hairy stem produces bold spike of flattish,
5-lobed, yellow flowers in summer. Z5-9
H9-5.

V. dumulosum , illus. p.345.

V. 'Gainsborough', illus. p.243.

V. 'Letitia', illus. p.343.

V. lychnitis (White mullein). Slow-
growing, evergreen, upright, branching
biennial. H 2-3ft (60cm-lm), S 2ft (60cm).
Has lance-shaped, dark gray-green
leaves. Flattish, 5-lobed, white flowers are
borne on branching stems in summer.
Z5-8 H8-5.

V. nigrum (Dark mullein). Semievergreen,
clump-forming perennial. H 2—3ft (60cm-lm),
S 2ft (60cm). Bears narrow spikes of small,
5-lobed, purple-centered, yellow flowers in
summer-fall. Oblong, mid-green leaves are
downy beneath. Z6-9 H9-6.

V. olympicum, illus. p.219.

V. 'Pink Domino'. Short-lived, rosette¬
forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 1—2ft
(30-60cm). Produces branched racemes
of 5-lobed, rose-pink flowers in summer
above oval, mid-green leaves. Z5-9 H9-1.

V. thapsiforme. See V. densiflorum.

VERBENA

VERBENACEAE

Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
biennials and perennials, some of which
are semievergreen. Prefers sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
in late summer or fall or by seed in fall
or spring.

V. alpina of gardens. See Glandularia x
maonettii.

V. bonariensis, syn. V. patagonica, illus.

p.221.

V. chamaedrifolia. See Glandularia
peruviana.

V. chamaedrioides. See Glandularia
peruviana.

V. x hortensis. See Glandularia x hybrida.
V. x hybrida. See Glandularia x hybrida.

V. patagonica. See V. bonariensis.

V. rigida, syn. V. venosa, illus. p.269.

V. 'Sissinghurst'. See Glandularia
'Sissinghurst'.

V. tenera var. maonettii. See Glandularia
x maonettii.

V. venosa. See V. rigida.

717

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

^ < C

VERONICA

VERONICA

Speedwell

SCROPHULARIACEAE

u

V

w

718

Genus of perennials and subshrubs, some
of which are semievergreen or evergreen,
grown for their usually blue flowers. Some
need sun and well-drained soil, others
prefer sun or partial shade and moist soil.
Propagate by division in spring or fall, by
softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

V. austriaca. Mat-forming or upright
perennial. H and S 10-20in (25-50cm).
Leaves are very variable: from broadly
oval to narrowly oblong, and from entire
to deeply cut and fernlike. Short, dense
or lax racemes of small, saucer-shaped,
bright blue flowers are produced in early
summer. Is suitable for a rock garden or a
bank. Z4-8 H8-2. subsp. teucrium, syn.

V. teucrium illus. p.343. subsp. teucrium
'Kapitan', syn. V. prostrata 'Kapitan' illus.
p.343. subsp. teucrium 'Royal Blue'
has deep royal-blue flowers.

V. beccabunga , illus. p.442.

V. cinerea. Spreading, much-branched,
woody-based perennial. H 6in (15cm),

S 12in (30cm). Has small, linear,
occasionally oval, hairy, silvery-white
leaves. Trailing flower stems bear saucer¬
shaped, deep blue to purple flowers, with
white eyes, in early summer. Is suitable
for a sunny rock garden. Z5-8 H8-5.

V. exaltata. See V. longifolia.

V. fruticans (Rock speedwell). Deciduous,
upright to procumbent subshrub. H 6in
(15cm), S 12in (30cm). Leaves are oval and
green. Spikes of saucer-shaped, bright blue
flowers, with red eyes, are borne in summer.
Is suitable for a rock garden. Z5-8 H8-5.

V. gentianoides , illus. p.271.

V. incana. See V. spicata subsp. incana.

V. longifolia , syn. V. exaltata. Variable,
upright perennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 1ft
(30cm) or more. In late summer and early
fall, long, terminal racemes of star-shaped,
lilac-blue flowers are borne on stems with
whorls of narrowly oval to lance-shaped,
toothed, mid-green leaves. Z4-8 H8-1.

V. pectinata. Dense, mat-forming
perennial that is sometimes semierect.

H and S 8in (20cm). Has small, narrowly
oval, hairy leaves. Bears loose sprays of
saucer-shaped, soft blue to blue-violet
flowers in summer. Is good for a rock
garden or a bank. Z2-7 H7-1. 'Rosea', H 3in
(8cm), has rose-lilac flowers. Z3-7 H7-1.

V. peduncularis, illus. p.271.

V. perfoliata. See Parahebe perfoliata.

V. prostrata, syn. V. rupestris, illus. p.343.
'Kapitan'. See V. austriaca subsp. teucrium
'Kapitan'. 'Spode Blue' is a dense, mat¬
forming perennial. H to 12in (30cm),

S indefinite. Upright spikes of small, saucer¬
shaped, china-blue flowers are borne in
early summer. Leaves are narrowly oval
and toothed. 'Trehane' illus. p.343.

V. rupestris. See V. prostrata.

V. spicata (Spiked speedwell). Clump¬
forming perennial. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 18in (45cm). Spikes of small, star-shaped,
bright blue flowers are borne in summer
above narrowly oval, toothed, mid-green
leaves. Z3-8 H8-1. subsp. incana, syn.

V. incana illus. p.271. 'Romiley Purple'
illus. p.239.

V. teucrium. See V. austriaca subsp.
teucrium.

V. virginica. See Veronicastrum
virginicum. f. alba. See Veronicastrum
virginicum f. album.

VERONICASTRUM

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of evergreen perennials, grown for
their pale blue flowers. Requires sun and
moist soil. Propagate by division in spring
or fall, by softwood or semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

V. virginicum, syn. Veronica virginica
(Culver's root). Upright perennial. H 4ft
(1.2m), S lVzft (45cm). In late summer,
racemes of small, star-shaped, purple-blue
or pink flowers crown stems clothed with
whorls of narrowly lance-shaped, dark
green leaves. Z3-8 H8-1. f. album, syn.
Veronica virginica f. alba has small, white
flowers, with pink-flushed bases and pink
anthers. 'Fascination' illus. p.220.

VESTIA

SOLANACEAE ~

Genus of one species of evergreen shrub,
grown for its flowers and foliage. At the
limits of hardiness is often cut to ground
level and is best grown against a south¬
facing wall. Requires sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall or spring.

V. foetida, syn. V. lycioides, illus. p.194.

V. lycioides. See V. foetida.

VIBURNUM

CAPRIFOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
their foliage, fall color (in many deciduous
species), flowers and, often, fruits. Fruiting
is generally most prolific when several
plants of different clones are planted
together. Needs sun or partial shade and
deep, fertile, not too dry soil. To thin out
overgrown plants, cut out some older
shoots after flowering. Propagate by
cuttings (softwood for deciduous species,
semiripe for evergreens) in summer or
by seed in fall. ® The fruits of viburnums
may cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
See also feature panel p.142.

V. acerifolium, illus. p.151.

V. betulifolium, illus. p.142. Deciduous,
upright, arching shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Bright green leaves are slightly glossy
beneath. Heads of small, tubular, white
flowers, in early summer, are followed by
profuse, nodding clusters of spherical,
bright red fruits in fall-winter. Z5-8 H8-5.
V. bitchiuense, illus. p.122.

V. x bodnantense. Z7-8 H8-7. 'Dawn'
illus. p.143. 'Deben' is a deciduous,
upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval,
toothed, dark green leaves are bronze
when young. Clusters of fragrant, tubular,
white flowers, tinted with pale pink, are
borne during mild periods from late fall
through to early spring.

V. x burkwoodii. Semievergreen, bushy,
open shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Rounded
heads of fragrant, tubular, pink, then white
flowers are borne amid oval, glossy, dark
green leaves from mid- to late spring. Z5-8
H8-1. 'Anne Russell', H and S 5ft (1.5m),
is deciduous and has very fragrant, white
flowers. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Park Farm Hybrid'

bears very fragrant, white flowers that are
slightly pink in bud, and older leaves turn
bright red in fall. Z4-8 H8-1.

V. x carlcephalum, illus. p.lll.

V. carlesii, illus. p.146. 'Diana' is a
deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. H and S 6ft
(2m). Broadly oval leaves are bronze when
young and turn purple-red in fall. From
mid- to late spring bears rounded heads
of red buds that open to very fragrant,
tubular, pink flowers fading to white.

V. cinnamomifolium. Evergreen, bushy
or treelike shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Large,
oval leaves, with 3 prominent veins. Bears
broad clusters of small, star-shaped, white
flowers, in early summer, followed by egg-
shaped, blue fruits. Z7-9 H9-7.

V. davidii, illus. p.165.

V. dilatatum (Arrow-wood). Deciduous,
upright shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m).

Oval, sharply toothed, dark green leaves
sometimes redden in fall. Flat heads of
small, star-shaped, white flowers, in late
spring and early summer, are followed by
egg-shaped, bright red fruits. Z5-8 H8-5.
'CatskiU' illus. p.130.

V. farreri, syn. V. tragrans, illus. p.143.
'Candidissimum' is a deciduous, upright
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Oval, toothed,
dark green leaves are pale green when
young. Produces clusters of fragrant, tubular,
pure white flowers in late fall and during
mild periods in winter and early spring.

V. foetens, syn. V. grandiflorum f. foetens,
illus. p.143.

V. fragrans. See V. farreri.

V. grandiflorum. Deciduous, upright,
open shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stiff branches
bear oblong, dark green leaves that
become deep purple in fall. Dense clusters
of fragrant, tubular, white-and-pink flowers
open from deep pink buds from mid-winter
to early spring. Z6-8 H8-6. f. foetens. See
V. foetens.

V. x juddii, illus. p.146.

V. lantana (Wayfaring tree). Vigorous,
deciduous, upright shrub. H 15ft (5m),

S 12ft (4m). Has broadly oval, gray-green
leaves that redden in fall. Flattened heads
of small, tubular, 5-lobed, white flowers, in
late spring and early summer, are followed
by egg-shaped, red fruits that ripen to
black. Z4-8 H8-1.

V. lentago (Nannyberry, Sheepberry).
Vigorous, deciduous, upright shrub. H 12ft
(4m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, glossy, dark green
leaves turn red and purple in fall. Bears
flattened heads of small, fragrant, star¬
shaped, white flowers, in late spring and
early summer, followed by egg-shaped,
blue-black fruits. Z2-8 H8-1.

V. odoratissimum (Sweet viburnum).
Evergreen, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m).
Clusters of small, fragrant, star-shaped,
white flowers, borne amid oval, leathery,
glossy, dark green leaves in late spring,
are followed by egg-shaped, red fruits that
ripen to black. Z8-10 H10-7.

V. opulus (European cranberry bush.
Guelder rose). Vigorous, deciduous, bushy
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Bears broadly
oval, lobed, deep green leaves that redden
in fall and, in late spring and early summer,
flattened, lacecap-like heads of tubular,
white flowers. Produces large bunches
of spherical, bright red fruits. Z3-8
H8-1. 'Compactum' illus. p.162.
'Xanthocarpum' has yellow fruits and
mid-green leaves that turn yellow in fall.

V. plicatum (Japanese snowball bush).
Deciduous, bushy, spreading shrub. H 10ft
(3m), S 12ft (4m). Oval, toothed, deeply
veined, dark green leaves turn reddish-
purple in fall. Dense, rounded heads of
large, sterile, saucer-shaped, white flowers
are borne along branches in late spring
and early summer. Z4-8 H8-1. 'Mariesii'.
See V. plicatum f. tomentosum 'Mariesii'.
'Nanum Semperflorens', syn. V.
plicatum 'Watanabe', V. plicatum
'Watenabei', V. watenabei, H 6ft (2m), S 5ft
(1.5m), is slow-growing, conical and dense,
and produces small flower heads from
late spring until early fall. Z6-8 H8-6.

'Pink Beauty' (illus. p.142) bears white
flowers maturing to pink, and fruits freely,
f. tomentosum (Doublefile viburnum)
has tiered branches, flattish, lacecap-like
flower heads and red fruits, ripening
to black. Z5-8 H8-1. f. tomentosum
'Mariesii', syn. V. plicatum 'Mariesii',
illus. p.110. 'Watanabe'. See V. plicatum
'Nanum Semperflorens'. 'Watenabei'.

See V. plicatum 'Nanum Semperflorens'.

V. x pragense. See V. 'Pragense'.

V. 'Pragense', syn. V. x pragense, illus.
p.131.

V. rhytidophyllum, illus. p.112.

V. sargentii (Sargent viburnum).
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m).
Maple-like, mid-green leaves often turn
yellow or red in fall. Broad, flattish, lace¬
cap-like heads of tubular, white flowers
in late spring are followed by spherical,
bright red fruits. Z4-7 H7-1. 'Onondaga',
S6ft (2m), has bronze-red, young leaves,
becoming deep green, then bronze-red
again in fall. Flower buds are pink.

V. sieboldii. Deciduous, rounded, dense
shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). Has large,
oblong to oval, glossy, bright green leaves.
Rounded heads of tubular, creamy-white
flowers are borne in late spring, followed
by egg-shaped, red-stalked, red fruits that
ripen to black. Z5-8 H8-5.

V. tin us (Laurustinus). Evergreen, bushy,
compact shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Has oval,
dark green leaves. Freely produced flat
heads of small, white flowers open from
pink buds in late winter and spring. Z8-10
H10-8. 'Eve Price' illus. p.143. 'Gwenllian'
has flattened heads of small, star-shaped,
pale pink flowers freely borne from deep
pink buds amid oval, dark green leaves in
winter-spring and followed by abundant,
ovoid, blue fruits.

V. watenabei. See V. plicatum 'Nanum
Semperflorens'.

VIGNA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE

Genus of evergreen, annual and perennial,
erect or scrambling and twining climbers,
grown mainly as crop plants for their
leaves, pods and seeds. Provide full light
and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely
when in full growth, sparingly at other
times. Stems require support. Thin
crowded stems or cut back hard in spring.
Propagate by seed in fall or spring.

V. caracalla, syn. Phaseolus caracalla
(Snail flower). Fast-growing, evergreen,
perennial, twining climber. H 10—15ft
(3-5m). Leaves are divided into 3 oval
leaflets. From summer to early fall
produces pealike, purple-marked, cream
flowers that turn orange-yellow. H12-10.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Villarsia nymphoides. See

Nymphoides peltata.

VINCA

Periwinkle

APOCYNACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs
and perennials, grown for their foliage
and flowers. Flowers are tubular with
5 spreading lobes. Is useful for
groundcover in shade, but flowers more
freely given some sun. Tolerates any soil
that is not too dry. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by division from fall
to spring. (D All parts may cause mild
stomach upset if ingested.

V. difformis. Evergreen, prostrate
subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite.
Slender, trailing stems bear oval, glossy,
dark green leaves. Erect flower stems
produce pale blue flowers in late fall and
early winter. Z8-9 H9-8.

V. major (Blue buttons). Evergreen,
prostrate, arching subshrub. H 18in (45cm),
S indefinite. Leaves are broadly oval, glossy
and dark green. Large, bright blue flowers
are produced from late spring to early fall.
Z7-9 H9-7. subsp. hirsuta. See major
var. oxyloba. var. oxyloba, syn. V. major
subsp. hirsuta has leaves, leaf stalks and
calyces edged with long hairs. 'Variegata'
illus. p.164.

V. minor, illus. p.165. 'Alba Variegata'

is an evergreen, prostrate subshrub. H 6in
(15cm), S indefinite. Forms extensive mats
of small, oval, glossy, dark green leaves,
edged with pale yellow, above which white
flowers are borne from mid-spring to early
summer, then intermittently into fall.
'Bowles' Blue'. See V. minor 'La Grave'.
'Bowles' White' bears large, white
flowers that are pinkish-white in bud.
'Gertrude Jekyll' is of dense growth
and produces a profusion of small, white
flowers. Flowers of 'La Grave', syn.

V. minor 'Bowles' Blue' are large and
lavender-blue.

V. rosea. See Catharanthus roseus.

VIOLA

Pansy, Violet

VIQLACEAE

Genus of annuals, perennials, some of
which are semievergreen, and deciduous
subshrubs, grown for their 5-petaled
flowers. Annuals are suitable as summer
bedding, perennials and subshrubs are
good in rock gardens, screes and alpine
houses. Needs sun or partial shade and
moist but well-drained soil unless
otherwise stated; a few species prefer
acidic soil. Propagate annuals by seed
sown according to flowering season,
perennials and subshrubs by softwood
cuttings in spring unless otherwise stated,
species also by seed in spring or fall.

V. aetolica , illus. p.359.

V. biflora (Twin-flowered violet).
Creeping, rhizomatous perennial. H 2-6in
(5-15cm), S 6in (15cm). Flat-faced, deep
lemon-yellow flowers, veined dark brown,
are borne singly or in pairs on upright
stems in summer. Leaves are kidney¬
shaped and mid-green. Needs shade. May
be propagated by division. Z4-8 H8-1.

V. 'Bowles's Black', syn. V. tricolor
'Bowles' Black', illus. p.355.

V. calcarata , illus. p.354.

V. cazorlensis. Tufted, woody-based
perennial. H to 2in (5cm), S to 3in (8cm).

Has small, linear to lance-shaped leaves. In
late spring produces small, flat-faced, long-
spurred, deep pink flowers, singly on short
stems. Is suitable for an alpine house. Is
difficult to grow. Z8-10 H10-8.

V. cenisia. Spreading perennial with
runners. H 3in (7cm), S 4in (10cm). Small,
flat-faced, bright violet flowers, with deep
purple line radiating from center, are
produced on very short stems in summer.
Has deep taproot and tiny, heart-shaped
or oblong, dark green leaves. Is suitable
for a scree. Propagate by division in spring.
Z8-10 H10-8.

V. cornuta (Horned violet). Rhizomatous
perennial. H 5-8in (12-20cm), S 8in (20cm)
or more. Has oval, toothed leaves and
flat-faced, angular, spurred, pale to deep
purplish-blue, occasionally white flowers
in spring and much of summer. Z6-9 H9-1.
'Minor' illus. p.356.

V. cucullata. See V. obliqua.

V. elatior. Upright, little-branched
perennial. H 8-12in (20-30cm), S 6in (15cm).
Leaves are broadly lance-shaped and
toothed. Produces flat-faced, pale blue
flowers, with white centers, in early summer.
Prefers partial shade and moist soil.
Propagate in spring by division. Z5-8 H8-5.
V. glabella (Stream violet). Clump¬
forming perennial with a scaly, horizontal
rootstock. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm).
Produces flat-faced, bright yellow flowers,
with purplish-veined lower petals, in late
spring above heart-shaped, toothed, bright
green leaves. Needs shade. Propagate by
division in spring. Z5-8 H8-5.

V. gracilis. Mat-forming perennial. H 5in
(12cm), S 6in (15cm) or more. Flat-faced,
yellow-centered, violet-blue or sometimes
yellow flowers are produced in summer.
Has small, dissected leaves, with linear or
oblong segments. Needs sun. Z5-8 H8-5.

V. 'Green Goddess', syn. VI tricolor
'Green Goddess', illus. p.318.

V. 'Haslemere'. See V. 'Nellie Britton'.

V. hederacea, syn. V! reniforme, Erpetion
reniforme (Australian violet. Ivy-leaved
violet. Trailing violet). Evergreen, creeping,
mat-forming perennial. H l-2in (2.5-5cm),

S indefinite. Has tiny, rounded leaves
and bears purple or white flowers, with
squashed appearance, on short stems
in summer. Is suitable for growing in
an alpine house. Prefers partial shade.
Propagate by division in spring. Z8-9 H9-8.
V. 'Huntercombe Purple', illus. p.368.

V. 'Irish Molly'. Evergreen, clump¬
forming, short-lived perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 6-8in (15-20cm). Has broadly
oval, dissected leaves and, in summer,
a succession of flat-faced, old-gold
flowers, with brown centers. Flowers
itself to death. Needs sun. Z5-7 H7-5.

V. 'Jackanapes', illus. p.359.

V. Joker Series, illus. p.312.

V. labradorica 'Purpurea'. See V.
riviniana Purpurea Group.

V. lutea (Mountain pansy). Mat-forming,
rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm),

S 6in (15cm). Has small, oval to lance¬
shaped leaves. Flat-faced, yellow, violet or
bicolored flowers are produced in spring-
summer. Z4-8 H8-1.

V. 'Nellie Britton', syn. V. 'Haslemere',
illus. p.367.

V. obliqua , syn. V. cucullata (Marsh blue
violet). Variable, spreading perennial with
fleshy rhizomes. H 2in (5cm), S 4-6in
(10-15cm). Has kidney-shaped, toothed,
mid-green leaves. In late spring produces
flat-faced, blue-violet, sometimes white or
pale blue flowers. Propagate in spring.

Z4-9 H9-7.

V. odorata (English violet. Garden violet.
Sweet violet). Semievergreen, spreading,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in
(15cm) or more. Leaves are heart-shaped
and toothed. Long stems bear solitary,
fragrant, flat-faced, violet or white flower
from late winter to early spring. Is useful in
a wild garden. Self-seeds prolifically. May
also be propagated by division. Z6-8 H8-6.
V. paimata. Spreading perennial. H 4in
(10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has deeply dissected
leaves. Short-stemmed, flat-faced, pale
violet flowers are produced in late spring.
Prefers dry, well-drained soil. Self-seeds
readily. Z8-9 H9-8.

V. pedata, illus. p.355. var. bicolor is a
clump-forming perennial with a thick
rootstock. H 2in (5cm), S 3in (8cm). Solitary,
flat-faced, velvety-purple or white flowers
are borne on slender stems in late spring
and early summer. Leaves are finely divided
into 5-7 or more, narrow, toothed segments.
Is suitable for an alpine house. May be
difficult to grow; needs peaty, sandy soil.

V. reniforme. See V. hederacea.

V. riviniana Purpurea Group, syn.

V. labradorica 'Purpurea', V. riviniana
'Purpurea', illus. p.355.

V. 'Sunvioki'. See V. x wittrockiana
Friolina Gold.

V. tricolor, illus. p.355. 'Bowles' Black'.

See V. 'Bowles's Black'. 'Green Goddess'.
See V. 'Green Goddess'.

V. x wittrockiana (Pansy). Group of slow-
to moderately fast-growing, mainly bushy
perennials, usually grown as annuals or
biennials. H 6-8in (15-20cm), S 8in (20cm).
Have oval, often serrated, mid-green
leaves. Flattish, 5-petaled flowers, l-4in
(2.5-10cm) across, in very wide color range,
are produced throughout summer or in
winter-spring. Z6-9 H9-1. The following
are among those available: Angel Series
'Tiger Eye' (spring-flowering), illus. p.323.
'Baby Lucia' (summer-flowering) has
small, deep blue flowers. Clear Crystals
Series (summer-flowering) is in wide
range of clear colors. Z8-11 H9-1. 'Clear
Sky Primrose' (winter- to spring¬
flowering) produces primrose-yellow
flowers brushed in canary-yellow. Z4-8
H9-1. Crystal Bowl Series (summer¬
flowering) are in range of colors, including
yellow. Z8-11 H9-1. Floral Dance Series
(winter-flowering), illus. p.308 have wide
range of colors, including white. Z8-11
H12-1. Forerunner Series (winter- to
spring-flowering) bear medium-sized
flowers in range of bright, single colors
and bicolors. Z8-11 H12-1. Friolina Gold
('Sunvioki') (summer-flowering) has
yellow flowers, with faintly streaked orange
centers. Is ideal for a hanging basket.

Z8-11 H9-1. Imperial Series 'Imperial
Frosty Bose', illus. p.312. Imperial
Series 'Orange Prince' (summer¬
flowering) has orange flowers with black
blotches. Z8-11 H9-1. Imperial Series
'Sky Blue' (summer-flowering) has sky-
blue flowers, with deeper-colored blotch.
Z8-11 H9-1. 'Majestic Giants' (summer¬

VITEX

flowering) has large flowers in wide color
range. Z8-11 H9-1. Panola Series
(summer-flowering) produce large, bright
yellow, black-centered flowers. Z8-11 H9-1.
Princess Series (spring- to summer¬
flowering) are neat in habit, and produce
small flowers in blue, cream, bicolored
purple and white, dark purple or yellow.
Z8-11 H9-1. 'Silver Princess' (summer¬
flowering) has white flowers, each with a
deep pink blotch. Z8-11 H9-1. Sorbet
Series (winter- to spring-flowering) has
small flowers, with or without whiskers, in
more than 20 color combinations. Z8-11
H9-1. 'Sorbet Black Delight', illus.
p.312. 'Super Chalon Giants' (summer-
to autumn-flowering) have ruffled and
waved, bicolored flowers. Z8-11 H9-1.
'True Blue' (winter- to summer-flowering)
bears large, clear sky-blue flowers with
small, yellow eyes. Z4-8 H9-1. Ultima
Radiance Series (winter- to spring¬
flowering) has large, neatly rounded
flowers in up to 30 color combinations.
Z8-11 H9-1, illus. p.313. Ultima Series
(winter- to spring-flowering) have medium¬
sized flowers in very broad range of colors,
including bicolors. Z8-11 H9-1. Universal
Series (winter- to spring-flowering)
produce flowers in an extensive range of
separate colors as well as in mixture of
colors. Z8-11 H9-1.

VIRGILIA

LEGUMIIMOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of short-lived, evergreen shrubs and
trees, grown for their flowers which are
borne in spring and summer. Prefers full
light and well-drained soil. Water container
plants freely when in growth, less at other
times. Propagate in spring by seed, ideally
soaked in warm water for 24 hours before
sowing.

V. capensis. See oroboides.

V. oroboides, syn. V. capensis. Fast¬
growing, evergreen, rounded shrub or tree.
H and S 20-30ft (6-10m). Has leaves divided
into 11-21 oblong leaflets. Racemes of
fragrant, pealike, bright mauve-pink
flowers, sometimes pink, crimson or white,
are produced in late spring and summer,
usually in great profusion. Z10-11 H12-10.

Viscaria alpina. See Lychnis alpina.
Viscaria elegans. See Silene coeli-rosa.

VITALIANA

PRIMULACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, spring¬
flowering perennial, grown for its flowers.
Is often included in Douglasia and is useful
for rock gardens, screes and alpine houses.
Requires sun and moist but well-drained
soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall.

V. primuliflora, syn. Douglasia vitaliana,
illus. p.358.

VITEX

VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and
shrubs, grown for their flowers. At limits
of hardiness grow against a south- or west¬
facing wall. Needs full sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
summer or by seed in fall or spring.

V. agnus-castus (Chaste tree).

719

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

^ < C

VITIS

Deciduous, spreading, open, aromatic
shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Upright
panicles of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue
flowers are borne in early and mid-fall.
Dark green leaves are divided into 5 or 7
long, narrowly lance-shaped leaflets.
Z6-9 H9-6.

V. negundo (Chaste tree). Deciduous,
bushy shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Mid¬
green leaves are divided into 3-7
narrowly oval, sharply toothed leaflets.
Has loose panicles of small, tubular,
violet-blue flowers from late summer
to early fall. Z6-9 H9-6.

U

V

w

VITIS

Grape

V1TACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climbers, grown for their foliage
and fruits (grapes), which are produced in
bunches. Prefers sun or partial shade and
fertile, well-drained, chalky soil. Produces
the best fruits and fall leaf color when
planted in a warm situation. Propagate
by hardwood cuttings in late fall.

V. aconitifolia. See Ampelopsis
aconitifolia.

V. amurensis (Amur grape). Vigorous,
deciduous, woody-stemmed, tendril
climber. H 20ft (6m). Bears 3- or 5-lobed,
dark green leaves, 5-12in (12-30cm) long,
that mature to red and purple in fall. Has
inconspicuous flowers, in summer,
followed by tiny, black fruits. Z4-9 H9-1.
V. 'Brant', illus. p.208. Deciduous, woody-
stemmed, tendril climber. H to 22ft (7m)
or more. Lobed, toothed, bright green
leaves, 10-22cm (4-9in) long, mature in
fall to brown-red, except for veins. Has
inconspicuous flowers, in summer,
followed by green or purple fruits.

V. coignetiae, illus. p.209.

V. davidii. Deciduous, woody-stemmed,
tendril climber. H to 25ft (8m) or more.
Young stems are densely covered with
short prickles. Heart-shaped, dark green
leaves, 4-10in (10-25cm) long, are blue-
or gray-green beneath, turning scarlet
in fall. Insignificant, greenish flowers in
summer are followed by small, black
fruits. Z7-10 H10-7.

V. henryana. See Parthenocissus henryana.
V. heterophylla. See Ampelopsis
brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii.

V. quinquefolia. See Parthenocissus
quinquefolia.

V. striata. See Cissus striata.

V. vinifera (Grape vine). 'Purpurea'

illus. p.210.

VRIESEA

BROMELIACEAE

720

Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming,
epiphytic perennials, grown for their
flowers and overall appearance. Needs
partial shade and a rooting medium of
equal parts rich soil and either sphagnum
moss or bark or plastic chips used for
orchid culture. Using soft water, water
moderately when in growth, sparingly at
other times, and from mid-spring to mid¬
fall keep rosette centers filled with water.
Propagate plants by offsets or seed in
spring. See also feature panel p.471.

V. fenestralis. Evergreen, epiphytic
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped

rosettes. H and S 12-16in (30-40cm). Pale
green leaves, with dark lines and cross¬
bands, are very broadly strap-shaped and
arching or rolled under at tips. In summer,
flat racemes of tubular, yellowish-green
flowers, with green bracts, are borne above
the foliage. Z14-15 H12-10.

V. fosteriana. Evergreen, epiphytic
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped
rosettes. H and S 24in (60cm) or more.

Has broadly strap-shaped, arching,
yellowish- to deep green leaves, cross-
banded with reddish-brown, particularly
beneath. In summer-fall, flat spikes
of tubular, pale yellow or greenish-
yellow flowers, with brownish-red tips,
are produced well above foliage. Z14-15
H12-10.

V. hieroglyphica. Evergreen, epiphytic
perennial with dense, funnel-shaped
rosettes. H and S 2—3ft (60cm-lm).

Produces broadly strap-shaped, arching,
yellowish-green leaves, cross-banded and
checkered with dark brownish-green. In
summer bears panicles of tubular, yellow
flowers well above the leaves. Zll-12
H12-1.

V. platynema. Variable, evergreen,
epiphytic perennial with dense, funnel-
shaped rosettes. H and S 24in (60cm).
Broadly strap-shaped, mid- to light green
leaves, with purple tips, form dense
rosettes. In summer, flat racemes of tubular,
green-and-yellow flowers, with red or
yellow bracts, are produced. Z14-15 H12-1.
V. psittacina. Evergreen, spreading,
epiphytic perennial with dense, funnel-
shaped rosettes. H and S 16-24in (40-60cm).
Has strap-shaped, arching, pale green
leaves. Flat spikes of tubular, yellow
flowers, with green tips, emerging from
red-and-yellow or red-and-green bracts,
are borne above foliage in summer-fall.
Z14-15 HI 2-1.

V. splendens (Flaming sword), illus. p.471.
Evergreen, epiphytic perennial with dense,
funnel-shaped rosettes. H and S 12in
(30cm). Has strap-shaped, arching, olive-
green leaves, with purple to reddish-brown
cross-bands. Bears flat, sword-shaped
racemes of tubular, yellow flowers,
between bright red bracts, in summer-fall.
Z14-15 H12-1.

x Vuylstekeara Cambria gx
'Lensing's Favorite'. See x Oncidopsis
Cambria gx 'Lensing's Favorite'.

WACHENDORFIA

HAEMODORACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering perennials
with deep roots, to guard against frost.
Requires full sun and moist soil. Propagate
by division in spring or by seed in fall or
spring.

W. thyrsiflora. Clump-forming perennial.
H 5—6ft (1.5-2m), S lVzft (45cm). Shallowly
cup-shaped, yellow to orange flowers
are produced in dense panicles in early
summer. Mid-green leaves are narrowly
sword-shaped, pleated and rather coarse.
Z9-10 H10-9.

WAHLENBERGIA

CAMPANULACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
biennials and short-lived perennials,
grown for their bell-shaped flowers.

Is useful for alpine houses. Needs a
sheltered site, partial shade and well-
drained, peaty, sandy soil. Propagate
by seed in fall.

W. albomarginata (New Zealand
bluebell). Basal-rosetted, rhizomatous
perennial. H and S 6in (15cm) or more.
Slender stems bear solitary, bell-shaped,
clear blue flower that opens flat in summer.
Has narrowly elliptic to oval, mid-green
leaves in tufts. Is good in a rock garden.
Z6-7 H7-6.

W. congesta , syn. W. saxicola var.
congesta. Mat-forming, creeping,
rhizomatous perennial. H 3in (7cm),

S 4in (10cm). Has small, rounded or
spoon-shaped, mid-green leaves. In
summer, solitary, bell-shaped, lavender-
blue or white flowers are borne on wiry
stems. Z8-10 H10-8.

W. saxicola var. congesta. See W.
congesta.

W. serpyllifolia. See Edraianthus
serpyllifolius.

WALDSTEINIA

ROSACEAE

Genus of semievergreen, creeping
perennials with runners. Makes good
groundcover. Needs sun and well-drained
soil. Propagate by division in early spring.
W. ternata , syn. W. trifolia , illus. p.372.
W. trifolia. See W. ternata.

WASHINGTONIA

ARECACEAE/PALMAE ~

Genus of evergreen palms, grown for
their stately appearance. Needs full sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
container specimens freely in summer,
moderately at other times. Remove skirt
of persistent dead leaves regularly as
they are a fire risk. Propagate by seed in
spring at not less than 75°F (24°C). Red
spider mite may be a nuisance.

W. filifera (Northern washingtonia). Fast¬
growing, evergreen palm. H and S to 80ft
(25m). Has fan-shaped, long-stalked, gray-
green leaves, each lobe with a filamentous
tip. Long-stalked clusters of tiny, creamy-
white flowers, in summer, are followed
by berry-like, black fruits in winter. Z8-11
H12-8.

W. robust a, illus. p.451.

WATSONIA

IRIDACEAE ~

Genus of clump-forming corms, Gladiolus-
like in overall appearance, although flowers
are more tubular. Requires an open, sunny
position and light, well-drained soil. Plant
in fall, 4-6in (10-15cm) deep; protect with
bracken, loose peat or similar during first
winter, if frost is expected. Feed with slow-
acting fertilizer, such as bonemeal, in
summer. Corms are best left undisturbed
to form clumps. Propagate by seed in fall.

W. beatricis. See W. pillansii.

W. borbonica, syn. W. pyramidata, illus.
p.386.

W. fourcadei. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering corm. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 1-lVzft
(30-45cm). Sword-shaped, erect leaves are
mostly basal. Has dense spike of tubular,
6-lobed, salmon-red flowers, 3-372in
(8-9cm) long. Z9-10 H10-9.

W. meriana, illus. p.385.

W. pillansii, syn. W. beatricis, illus. p.386.
W. pyramidata. See W. borbonica.

Wattakaka sinensis. See Dregea
sinensis.

WEIGELA

CAPRIFOLIACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
their funnel-shaped flowers. Fully hardy.
Prefers sun and fertile soil. To maintain
vigor, prune out a few older branches to
ground level, after flowering each year.
Straggly, old plants may be pruned hard
in spring (although this will lose one
season's flowers). Propagate by softwood
cuttings in summer.

W. 'Bristol Ruby'. Vigorous, deciduous,
upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Deep
red flowers open from darker buds amid
oval, toothed, mid-green leaves in late
spring and early summer. Z4-9 H9-4.

W. 'Candida'. Deciduous, bushy shrub.

H and S 8ft (2.5m). Pure white flowers are
produced in late spring and early summer.
Leaves are oval, toothed and bright green.
Z5-9 H9-5.

W. 'Eva Rathke'. Deciduous, upright,
dense shrub. H and S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
toothed, dark green leaves. Broad¬
mouthed, crimson flowers open from
darker buds from late spring to early
summer. Z5-9 H9-5.

W. florida. Deciduous, arching shrub.

H and S 8ft (2.5m). Bears deep pink flowers,
pale pink to white inside, in late spring and
early summer. Oval, toothed leaves are
mid-green. Z5-8 H8-4. 'Foliis Purpureis'
illus. p.153. 'Variegata' illus. p.152.

W. 'Looymansii Aurea'. Weak-
growing, deciduous, upright shrub. H 5ft
(1.5m), S 3ft (lm). From late spring
through to early summer produces pale
pink flowers amid oval, toothed, golden-
yellow leaves, with narrow red rims.
Needs protection from hot afternoon
sun. Z5-8 H7-4.

W. middendorffiana, illus. p.159.

W. praecox. Deciduous, upright shrub.

H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Fragrant, pink
flowers, marked inside with yellow, are
produced in late spring. Leaves are bright
green, oval and toothed. Z5-7 H7-4.
'Variegata' has leaves with broad,
creamy-white margins.

Weingartia neocumingii. See Rebutia
neocumingii.

WEINMANNIA

CUNONIACEAE

Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs,
grown for their foliage, flowers and
overall appearance. Requires partial
shade or full light and rich, well-drained
but not dry soil, ideally neutral to acidic.
Water container plants freely when
in growth, moderately at other times.
Pruning is tolerated if needed. Propagate
by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings
in summer.

W. trichosperma. Evergreen, ovoid
to round-headed tree. H 40ft (12m) or
more, S 25-30ft (8-10m). Glossy, rich
green leaves are divided into 9-19 oval,
boldly toothed leaflets that are borne
on winged midrib. Spikes of tiny.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

fragrant, white flowers, with pink
stamens, are produced in early summer.
Z8-10 H10-7.

WELDENIA

COMM ELI NACEAE ~

Genus of one species of summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial, grown for its flowers.

Is suitable for alpine houses. Needs sun
and gritty, well-drained soil. Keep dry from
fall until growth restarts in late winter.
Propagate by root cuttings in winter or
by division in early spring.

W. Candida , illus. p.348.

WELWITSCHIA

WELWITSCHIACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen,
desert-growing perennial with a deep
taproot. Has only 2 leaves, which lie on
the ground and grow continuously from
the base for up to 100 years. Requires
sun and sharply drained soil. Needs
desert conditions: may succeed in a
mixture of stone chips and leaf mold,
in a length of drainpipe to take its long
taproot. Propagate by seed when ripe.

W. bainesii. See W. mirabilis.

W. mirabilis, syn. W. bainesii. Evergreen
perennial with a short, woody trunk.

H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. Has 2 strap¬
shaped leaves, to 8ft (2.5m) long, with tips
splitting to form many tendril-like strips.
Bears small, reddish-brown cones.

Z13-15 H12-10.

WESTRINGIA

LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for
their flowers and overall appearance.
Requires full light and well-drained
soil. Water container specimens
moderately when in full growth, less at
other times. Propagate by seed in spring
or by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

W. fruticosa, syn. Westringiana
rosmariniformis, illus. p.453.

Westringiana rosmariniformis. See

Westringia fruticosa.

WIGAN DIA

HYDROPHYLLACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Needs
full light and moist but well-drained soil.
Water container plants freely when in full
growth, moderately at other times. Cut
down flowered stems in spring to prevent
plants from becoming straggly. Propagate
by seed or softwood cuttings in spring.
Whitefly is sometimes troublesome.

® Contact with foliage may aggravate
skin allergies.

W. caracasana. Evergreen, erect, sparsely
branched shrub. H 6—10ft (2-3m), S 3—6ft
(l-2m). Produces oval, wavy-edged,
toothed, deep green leaves, 18in (45cm)
long and covered with white hairs beneath.
Produces 5-petaled, violet-purple flowers,
in large, terminal clusters, in spring-fall.

Is often grown annually from seed for its
leaves. Z13-15 H12-.

Wigginsia vorwerkiana. See Parodia
erinacea.

Wilcoxia albiflora. See Echinocereus
leucanthus.

Wilcoxia schmollii. See Echinocereus
schmollii.

x Wilsonara Hambiihren Stern gx
'Cheam'. See Oncidium Hambiihren
Stern gx 'Cheam'.

x Wilsonara Wigg's gx 'Kay'. See

Oncidium Memoria Commander Wiggs gx
'Kay'.

Wintera aromatica. See Drimys winteri.

WISTERIA

LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous, woody-stemmed,
twining climbers, grown for their
fragrant, pealike flowers in pendent
racemes. Is suitable for walls and pergolas
and for growing against buildings and
trees. Needs sun and fertile, well-drained
soil. Prune after flowering and again in
late winter. Propagate by bench grafting
in winter or by seed in fall or spring.

Plants grown from seed may not flower
for some years and often have poor
flowers. (D All parts may cause severe
discomfort if ingested. See also feature
panel p.205.

W. brachybotrys (Silky wisteria).
Deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining
climber. H to 28ft (9m) or more. Softly
hairy leaves are divided into 9-13 oval
leaflets. Racemes, 4-6in (10-15cm) long,
of scented, pealike, violet to white flowers,
with yellow blotch at base of upper petal,
are borne in early summer. Sometimes
flowers again sparsely in fall. Z5-9 H9-5.
f. alba. See W. brachybotrys 'Shiro-
kapitan'. 'Alba'. See W. brachybotrys
'Shiro-kapitan'. 'Alba Plena'. See W.
brachybotrys 'Shiro-kapitan'. 'Murasaki-
kapitan', syn. W. venusta f. violacea, W.
venusta 'Violacea' has deep blue-violet
flowers, with white, slightly yellow-tinged
markings on standards, f. plena. See
W. brachybotrys 'Shiro-kapitan'. 'Shiro-
kapitan', syn. W. brachybotrys f. alba,

W. brachybotrys 'Alba', W. brachybotrys
'Alba Plena', W. brachybotrys f. plena,

W. venusta, W. venusta f. alba, W. venusta
'Alba', W. venusta 'Alba Plena', (illus.
p.205) has white flowers with yellow stain
at base of each standard. Occasionally
bears double flowers. Z5-8 H8-5. 'White
Silk' (illus. p.205) is similar to W.b.
'Shiro-kapitan' but produces much longer
racemes. Z5-8 H8-5.

W. chinensis. See W. sinensis.

W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria).
Vigorous twining climber. H 28ft (9m) or
more. Has pinnate leaves divided into
11-19 ovate to lance-shaped leaflets. In
early summer, fragrant, pealike, blue to
violet, pink or white flowers, are produced
in pendent racemes, to 12in (30cm) or
more long, the flowers opening gradually
from bases to tips. Standards are marked
with white and yellow. Flowers are often
followed by beanlike, velvety green seed
pods. Z5-9 H9-5. 'Alba', syn. W.
floribunda 'Shiro Noda' illus. p.196. bears
white flowers in racemes 24in (60cm)
long. 'Black Dragon'. See W. floribunda
'Yae-kokuryu'. 'Domino' has blue-violet
flowers with light purple-blue standards,
marked yellow at base, and darker purple-
blue wing and keel petals, borne in spring
and sometimes again in fall. Z5-9 H9-3.

'Hon-beni' (illus. p.205). See W.
floribunda 'Rosea'. 'Lawrence' has
densely packed racemes of pale violet-
blue flowers, with greenish-yellow bases
on standards and darker blue-violet on
keel and wing petals, borne in spring.
Z5-9 H9-3. 'Macrobotrys'. See W.
floribunda 'Multijuga'. 'Multijuga', syn.
W. floribunda 'Macrobotrys' has lilac-blue
flowers in racemes 3-4ft (90-120cm) long.
'Rosea', syn. W. floribunda 'Hon-beni'
(illus. p.205) has racemes, 12-16in (30-
40cm) long, of dark purplish-pink flowers
with yellow mark on standard bases. Z5-9
H9-3. 'Shiro Noda'. See W. floribunda
'Alba'. 'Violacea Plena' is similar to
W.f. 'Yae-kokuryu', but has double,
lavender-purple flowers and no dark
purple-indigo central petals. 'Yae-
kokuryu', syn. W. floribunda 'Black
Dragon', W. x formosa 'Black Dragon',

W. x formosa 'Double Black Dragon' (illus.
p.205) has racemes, 14in (35cm) long, of
slightly ragged, fully double, lilac-purple
flowers, with dark purple-indigo centers.
Z5-9 H9-3.

W. x formosa [W. floribunda x W.
sinensis ). Vigorous, twining climber.

H 28ft (9m) or more. Has pinnate leaves
divided into 9-15 broadly ovate to elliptic
leaflets. Fragrant, pealike, violet-blue
flowers, with white and yellow markings,
are borne in pendent racemes, to lOin
(25cm) long, in late spring and early
summer, and are often followed by
beanlike, velvety green seed pods. Z6-9
H9-6. 'Black Dragon'. See W. floribunda
'Yae-kokuryu'. 'Double Black Dragon'.
See W. floribunda 'Yae-kokuryu'.

W. frutescens (American wisteria), illus
p.205. Deciduous, woody-stemmed
twining vine with pinnately compound
leaves composed of 9-15 bright green,
oblong to lance-shaped leaflets. H 25-30ft
(8-10m). Fragrant, lilac to pale purple,
pealike flowers bloom in drooping
clusters during early summer after the
foliage has emerged. In late summer,

3-4in (8-10cm) long, beanlike olive-green
seedpods form; these hang on into winter
before splitting and ejecting the seeds.
Z5-9 H9-5. 'Amethyst Falls', (illus.
p.205) has fragrant flowers with a bluish
tint. 'Longwood Purple' (illus. p.205)
has flowers with a deeper purple color
than the species. 'Nivea' is a white-
flowered selection.

W. macrostachya (Kentucky wisteria).
Deciduous, woody-stemmed twining vine
with pinnately compound leaves composed
of 8 to 10 bright green, lance-shaped
leaflets. H 15—25ft (4-8m). The fragrant, lilac
purple flowers bloom in dense, drooping
racemes in early- to mid-summer. Slightly
twisted, olive green, beanlike seedpods
develop in late summer and persist into
winter. Z4-9 H9-4. 'Abbeville Blue' has
bluish purple flowers. 'Clara Mack' has
white flowers.

W. sinensis, syn. W. chinensis (Chinese
wisteria). Vigorous, deciduous, woody-
stemmed, twining climber. H to 100ft
(30m). Has leaves divided into 11 leaflets.
Fragrant, pealike, lilac or pale violet
flowers, in racemes 8-12in (20-30cm) long,
in early summer, are followed by velvety
seed pods. Z6-9 H9-6. 'Alba' has strongly
scented, white flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.
'Prolific' (illus. p.205) bears masses of

WOODWARDIA

single, lilac-blue to pale violet-blue
flowers. Z5-8 H8-5.

W. venusta. See W. brachybotrys 'Shiro-
kapitan'. f. alba. See W. brachybotrys
'Shiro-kapitan'. 'Alba'. See W.
brachybotrys 'Shiro-kapitan'. 'Alba
Plena'. See W. brachybotrys 'Shiro-
kapitan'. f. violacea. See W. brachybotrys
'Murasaki-kapitan'. 'Violacea'. See W.
brachybotrys 'Murasaki-kapitan'.

WOLFFIA

LEMNACEAE

Genus of semievergreen, perennial,
floating water plants, grown for their
curiosity value as the smallest known
flowering plants. Is ideal for cold-water
aquariums. Needs a sunny position.
Remove excess plantlets as required.
Propagate by redistribution of plantlets
as required.

W. arrhiza. Semievergreen, perennial,
floating water plant. S indefinite. Leaves
are rounded and mid-green. Insignificant,
greenish flowers appear year-round.
Z8-10 H10-8.

WOLLEMIA

ARAUCARIACEAE

Genus of conifers with narrowly oblong,
pointed, needlelike, dark green leaves set
opposite each other along shoot. See also
CONIFERS.

W. nobilis, illus. p.96.

WOODSIA

DRYOPTERIDACEAE ~

Genus of deciduous ferns, suitable for rock
gardens and alpine houses. Prefers partial
shade and fertile, moist but very well-
drained soil. May be difficult to cultivate:
crowns of plants must sit above soil to
avoid rotting. Propagate by division in
early spring.

W. polystichoides (Holly-fern woodsia).
Deciduous, tufted fern. H 4-12in (10-30cm),
S 8-16in (20-40cm). In early spring has
lance-shaped, divided, pale green fronds,
to 14in (35cm) long, softly hairy on both
surfaces and scaly beneath; each is divided
into 15-30 pairs of narrowly sickle-shaped
or oblong pinnae, with slightly toothed
margins. May be damaged by late frosts.
Z4-8 H8-1.

WOODWARDIA

Chain fern

BLECH NACEAE

Genus of evergreen or deciduous ferns.
Prefers partial shade and fibrous, moist,
peaty soil. Remove faded fronds regularly.
Propagate by division in spring.

W. radicans (European chain fern).
Vigorous, evergreen, spreading fern. H 4ft
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Large, broadly lance¬
shaped, coarsely divided, arching, mid¬
green fronds have narrowly oval pinnae.
Z8-9 H9-8.

W. unigemmata (Asian chain fern).
Evergreen, spreading fern. H 3ft (lm),

S 10ft (3m). Is very similar to W. radicans,
but new foliage emerges brilliant red
and fades to brown and then green.

Z8-9 H9-8.

721

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

^ < C

WORSLEYA

WORSLEYA

Blue amaryllis

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of one species of evergreen, winter¬
flowering bulb, with a neck up to 272ft
(75cm) high crowned by a tuft of leaves
and a leafless flower stem. Needs full sun
and moist but well-drained soil, or potting
medium mixed with osmunda fiber, perlite
or bark chips and some leaf mold. Soil
should never dry out. Propagate by seed
in spring.

W. procera. See W. rayneri.

W. rayneri, syn. W. procera, Hippeastrum
procerum. Evergreen, winter-flowering
bulb. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S 172-2ft (45-60cm).
Bears long, strap-shaped, strongly curved
leaves and up to 14 funnel-shaped, lilac-
blue flowers, 6in (15cm) long, with wavy-
edged petals. Z14-15 H12-10.

WULFENIA

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennials, suitable for alpine houses.
Needs full sun and well-drained soil.
Propagate by division in spring or by seed
in fall.

W. amherstiana , illus. p.341.

W. carinthiaca. Evergreen, basal-rosetted
perennial. H and S lOin (25cm). Has oblong
to oval, toothed, dark green leaves, hairy
beneath. Produces dense spike of small,
tubular, violet-blue flowers in summer.
Z5-9H9-1.

U

V

w

722

XYZ

XANTHOCERAS

SAPINDACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, spring-
to summer-flowering shrub or tree, grown
for its foliage and flowers. Requires sun
and fertile, well-drained soil. Does best in
areas with hot summers. Propagate by seed
in fall or by root cuttings or suckers in late
winter. Is susceptible to coral spot fungus.
X. sorbifolium, illus. p.112.

XANTHOPHTHALMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of annuals, grown for their daisy¬
like flower heads. Prefers full sun and well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

X. coronarium, syn. Chrysanthemum
coronarium. Fast-growing, upright,
branching annual. H 1—3ft (30cm-90cm),

S 15in (38cm). Has feathery, divided, light
green leaves. In summer bears single or
semi-double, daisy-like, yellow or yellow-
and-white flower heads, to 2in (5cm)
across. H9-1.

X. segetum, syn. Chrysanthemum
segetum, illus. p.322.

XANTHORHIZA

RANUNCULACEAE ~

Genus of one species of deciduous, spring¬
flowering shrub, grown for its leaves,
clustered at the shoot tips, and star-shaped
flowers. Needs full or partial shade and
moist soil. Propagate by division in fall.

X. apiifolia. See X. simplicissima.

X. simplicissima, syn. X. apiifolia (Yellow-
root). Deciduous, upright shrub that spreads
by underground stems. H 2ft (60cm), S 5ft
(1.5m). Bright green leaves, divided into
usually 5 oval to lance-shaped, sharply
toothed leaflets, turn bronze or purple in
fall. Bears nodding panicles of tiny, star¬
shaped, purple flowers from early to mid¬
spring as foliage emerges. Z3-9 H9-1.

XANTHORRHOEA

Blackboy, Grass tree
XANTHORRHOEACEAE

Genus of evergreen, long-lived perennials,
grown mainly as foliage plants. Needs
full sun, well-drained soil and a fairly dry
atmosphere. Propagate by basal offsets
or seed in spring.

X. australis. Evergreen perennial with
a sturdy, dark trunk. H 2-4ft (60cm-1.2m),
S 4-5ft (1.2-1.5m). Very narrow, arching,
flattened, silvery-green leaves, 2ft (60cm)
or more long, spread from top of trunk.

In summer may produce small, fragrant,
6-petaled, white flowers, in dense, candle¬
like spikes, 2ft (60cm) or more long, on
stems of similar length. Z8-10 Hll-7.

XANTHOSOMA

Yautia

ARACEAE

Genus of perennials, with underground
tubers or thick stems above ground, grown
mainly for their foliage. Many species are

cultivated in the tropics for their edible
tubers. Requires partial shade, rich, moist
soil and a moist atmosphere at all times.
Propagate by division year-round or by
stem cuttings in spring or summer.

X. nigrum, syn. X. violaceum. Stemless
perennial with large, underground tubers
and leaves rising from ground level. H and
S 4ft (1.2m). Purplish leaf stalks, 2ft (60cm)
or more long, bear arrow-shaped, dark
green leaf blades, 28in (70cm) long, with
purple midribs and veins. Intermittently
bears greenish-purple spathes, yellower
within, surrounding brownish spadix.
Z8-10 HI 1-1.

X. sagittifolium, illus. p.474.

X. violaceum. See X. nigrum.

XERANTHEMUM

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals.
Needs sun and fertile, very well-drained
soil. Propagate by seed in spring.

X. annuum, illus. p.305.

XEROCHRYSUM

syn. BRACHTEANTHA
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE ~

Genus of herbaceous perennials and
annuals, grown for their daisy-like flower
heads with papery bracts. Stalkless, hairy
leaves are borne on erect, branching stems.
X. bracteatum is often grown for cutting
and drying. Needs full sun and moderately
fertile, moist but well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed in spring.

X. bracteatum, syn. Bracteantha
bracteata (Everlasting flower. Immortelle,
Strawflower). Moderately fast-growing,
upright, branching annual. H 4-39in (10-
100cm), S 12in (30cm). Has broadly lance¬
shaped, gray-green leaves. From late spring
to fall produces solitary, papery, daisy-like,
bright white, yellow, pink or red flower
heads. Z10-11 H12-3. "Bright Bikini',

H and S 12in (30cm), has mid-green leaves
and large, double flower heads in many
colors. Monstrosum Series, H 3ft (90cm),
has large, fully double flower heads in pink,
red, orange, yellow or white. Flowers dry
well. Sundaze Series Sundaze Gold
("Redbragol') illus. p.320.

XERONEMA

ACAVACEAE/PHORMIACEAE ~

Genus of evergreen, robust, tufted
perennials, with short, creeping rootstocks,
grown for their flowers. Needs sun or
partial shade and rich, well-drained soil.
Propagate by seed or division in spring.

X. callistemon. Evergreen, iris-like,
clump-forming perennial. H 2—3ft (60cm-
lm), S indefinite. Erect, folded leaves, 2—3ft
(60cm-lm) long, are very narrow and hard-
textured. In summer, short-stalked,
6-petaled, red flowers, to lV-dn (3cm) wide,
are borne on one-sided racemes, 6-12in
(15-30cm) long. Z13-15 H12-10.

XEROPHYLLUM

LI LIACEAE/M ELANTHIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, rhizomatous
perennials. Prefers full sun and moist, peaty
soil. May be difficult to cultivate. Propagate
by seed in fall.

X. tenax (Bear grass). Clump-forming
perennial. H 3-4ft (1-1.2m), S l-2ft (30-
60cm). Star-shaped, white flowers, with
violet anthers, are borne in dense, terminal
racemes in summer. Has tufted, linear,
rough-margined, mid-green, basal leaves,
glaucous blue-green beneath. Z5-8 H8-5.

YUCCA

syn. HESPEROYUCCA

AGAVACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
grown for the architectural value of their
bold, sword-shaped, clustered leaves and
showy panicles of usually white flowers.
Makes fine container-grown plants.
Requires full sun and well-drained soil.
Water container specimens moderately
when in growth, less at other times.
Regularly remove spent flowering stems.
Propagate frost-tender species in spring
by seed or suckers, hardier species in
spring by root cuttings or division.

Y - . aloifolia (Dagger plant, Spanish
bayonet). Slow-growing, evergreen shrub
or small tree with few branches. H 25ft
(8m), S 12—15ft (4-5m). Has sword-shaped,
deep green leaves, and large panicles of
purple-tinted, white flowers in summer-
fall. Z12-15 H12-1.

y. elephantipes "Variegata'. Evergreen,
upright shrub or tree. H to 30ft (10m),

S 15—25ft (5-8m). Several to many sparsely
branched trunks arise near ground level.
Leaves are narrowly lance-shaped,
leathery, light to mid-green and creamy-
white at margins. On mature plants,
hemispherical, white to cream flowers are
borne in dense, erect panicles in summer-
fall. Zll-12 H12-10.

y. filamentosa (Adam's needle). Clump¬
forming, evergreen, basal-rosetted shrub.

H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m). From mid- to late
summer, tall panicles of pendulous, tulip¬
shaped, white flowers rise up through low-
growing tufts of sword-shaped, deep green
leaves, edged with white threads. Z4-11
HI 1-5.

y. filifera "Ivory'. See Y. flaccida 'Ivory',
y. flaccida "Ivory', syn. Y. filifera 'Ivory',
illus. p.151.

y. gloriosa, illus. p.132. 'Nobilis' is an
evergreen shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Stem
is sturdy and usually unbranched, and
crowned with large tuft of long, sword¬
shaped, sharply pointed, blue-green leaves,
the outer ones semi-pendent. Pendulous,
tulip-shaped, red-backed, white flowers
are borne in long, erect panicles from
mid-summer to early fall. Z7-10 H10-7.
y. parviflora. See Hesperaloe parviflora.
y. whipplei, illus. p.151.

YUSHANIA

Anceps bamboo

G RAM IN EAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

y. anceps, syn. Arundinaria anceps,
Arundinaria jaunsarensis, Sinarundinaria
jaunsarensis (Anceps bamboo). Evergreen,
rhizomatous, spreading bamboo. H 6—10ft
(2-3m), S indefinite. Erect, later arching,
shiny, dark green stems bear several
branches at each node. Has narrowly
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves, rounded
at base, with purple-tinted stalks. Z8-13
H12-8. 'Pitt White', illus. p.288.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ZALUZIANSKYA

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Genus of sticky, low-growing annuals
and short-lived, evergreen perennials
and sub-shrubs, grown for their spikes
of fragrant, tubular flowers with spreading
petals. Needs full sun and rich, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by stem-tip
cuttings in summer.

Z. ovata. Clump-forming, evergreen
perennial. H to lOin (25cm), S to 24in
(60cm). Branching, brittle stems bear
ovate, toothed, sticky, gray-green leaves.
Crimson-backed, white flowers are
produced in summer. Z9-10 H10-9.

ZANTEDESCHIA

Calla lily

ARACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering, tuberous
perennials, usually remaining evergreen in
a warm climate, grown for their erect,
funnel-shaped spathes and club-shaped
spadix. Requires sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Z. aethiopica will also
grow in 6-12in (15-30cm) of water and
therefore is suitable as a marginal water
plant. Propagate by offsets in winter. (D All
parts of the plant may cause mild stomach
upset if ingested, and contact with the sap
may irritate the skin.

Z. aethiopica. 'Crowborough', illus.
p.437. 'Green Goddess', illus. p.408.

Z. albomaculata syn. Z. melanoleuca
(Spotted calla). Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 12-16in (30-40cm),

S 12in (30cm). Bears arrow-shaped,
semierect, mid-green, basal leaves, with
transparent spots. Has yellow spadix inside
white spathe, 5-8in (12-20cm) long,
shading to green at base and with purple
blotch inside. Zll-10 H12-7.

Z. 'Black-eyed Beauty'. Summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 12-16in
(30-40cm), S 6in (15cm). Broadly heart-
shaped, semierect, mid- to dark green,
basal leaves are heavily white-spotted.
Each flower stem has yellow spadix and
cream spathe, 6in (15cm) long, with
central, black mark in throat. Z8-10
H10-4.

Z. 'Black Magic'. Summer-flowering,
tuberous perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 8in
(20cm). Broadly heart-shaped, semierect,
mid- to dark green, basal leaves are
heavily mottled with white. Each flower
stem produces golden-yellow spadix,
surrounded by black-throated, yellow
spathe, 6in (15cm) long. Z8-10 H10-4.

Z. 'Cameo', illus. p.395.

Z. elliottiana , illus. p.393.

Z. melanoleuca. See Z. albomaculata.

Z. rehmannii (Pink arum). Summer¬
flowering, tuberous perennial. H 16in
(40cm), S 12in (30cm). Dark green, basal
leaves are arrow-shaped and semierect.
Each flower stem has yellow spadix,
surrounded by reddish-pink spathe,

5in (12cm) long. Z8-10 H10-4.

ZANTHOXYLUM

RUTACEAE

Genus of deciduous or evergreen, spiny
shrubs and trees, grown for their aromatic
foliage, fruits and habit. Requires sun or
partial shade and fertile soil. Propagate by

seed in fall or by root cuttings in late winter.
Z. piperitum (Japan pepper). Deciduous,
bushy, spiny shrub or tree. H and S 8ft
(2.5m). Has aromatic, glossy, dark green
leaves divided into many oval, toothed
leaflets. Tiny, greenish-yellow flowers in
spring are followed by spherical, red fruits.
Z6-9 H9-6.

Z. simulans, illus. p.141.

ZAUSCHNERIA

California fuchsia

ONAGRACEAE

Genus of sub-shrubby, evergreen, semi¬
evergreen or deciduous perennials, grown
for their mass of flowers. Requires sun and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
division in spring or by taking sideshoot
cuttings in summer.

Z. caiifornica, syn. Epilobium
califomicum. Evergreen or semi-evergreen,
clump-forming, woody-based perennial.

H and S 18in (45cm). Terminal clusters of
tubular, bright scarlet flowers, on slender
stems, are produced in late summer and
early fall. Bears lance-shaped, rich green
leaves. Z8-11 H12-8. subsp. cana, syn.

Z. cana, Epilobium canum, H 12in (30cm), is
deciduous and produces linear, gray leaves
and fuchsia-like, brilliant scarlet flowers,
subsp. cana 'Dublin'. See Z. caiifornica
'Dublin'. 'Dublin', syn. Z. caiifornica
subsp. cana 'Dublin', Z. caiifornica
'Glasnevin' illus. p.340. 'Glasnevin'.

See Z. caiifornica 'Dublin'.

Z. cana. See Z. caiifornica subsp. cana.

Z. septentrionalis, syn. Epilobium
septentrionale. Mat-forming, non-woody,
deciduous perennial. H 4-8in (10-20cm),

S to 8in (20cm). Terminal clusters of
numerous, short-stalked, tubular, scarlet
flowers are produced in late summer. Has
oval to lance-shaped, gray to gray-green
leaves. Z8-10 H10-7.

ZEA

GRAMINEAE/POACEAE ~

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

Z. mays (Corn). Fairly fast-growing,
upright annual. H to 12ft (4m), S 2ft (60cm).
Has lance-shaped, arching, wavy leaves. In
mid-summer produces tassel-like flower
head followed by cylindrical seed head
("cob") of edible, fleshy, usually yellow
kernels. H12-1. 'Gracillima Variegata',

H 3ft (90cm), S l-lVzft (30-45cm), has leaves
striped green and creamy. Silvery flower
heads are followed by large, bright yellow
seed heads (cobs). 'Harlequin', H 3—6ft
(l-2m), S 2ft (60cm) long, has leaves striped
with green, red and white and bears yellow
seed heads (cobs), with deep red kernels.
'Strawberry Corn', H 4ft (1.2m),
produces seed heads with small, yellow to
burgundy-red kernels within yellow-green
spathe-bracts.

Zebrina pendula. See Tradescantia
zebrina.

ZELKOVA

ULMACEAE

Genus of deciduous trees, grown mainly
for their foliage and habit. Is best when
planted as a single specimen. Has
insignificant flowers in spring. Prefers full

sun and requires deep, fertile, moist but
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
Z. abelicea , syn. Z. cretica. Deciduous,
bushy-headed, spreading tree. H 15ft (5m),
S 22ft (7m). Produces small, oval, dark
green leaves that are prominently toothed.
Z8-9 H9-8.

Z. carpinifolia, illus. p.64.

Z. cretica. See Z. abelicea.

Z. serrata, illus. p.67.

ZENOBIA

ERICACEAE

Genus of one species of deciduous or
semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub,
grown for its flowers. Requires partial
shade and moist, acidic soil. Prune out
older, weaker shoots after flowering
to maintain vigor. Propagate by semi-ripe
cuttings in summer.

Z. pulverulenta , illus. p.130.

ZEPHYRANTHES

Rain lily, Rainflower ■ Zephyr lily

AMARYLLIDACEAE

Genus of clump-forming bulbs, grown for
their erect, crocus-like flower on each stem.
Needs a sheltered, sunny site and open,
moist but well-drained soil. Container-
grown bulbs need a dryish, warm period
after foliage dies down in summer,
followed by copious amounts of water
to stimulate flowering. Propagate by seed
in fall or spring.

Z. atamasco (Atamasco lily). Clump¬
forming, early summer-flowering bulb.

H 6-10in (15-25cm), S 3-4in (8-10cm). Basal
leaves are very narrow, grass-like and
semierect. Each stem produces solitary,
widely funnel-shaped, purple-tinged,
white flower, to 4in (10cm) wide, in spring
or summer. Z7-10 H12-10.

Z. Candida, illus. p.424.

Z. carinata, syn. Z. grandiflora, illus.
p.413.

Z. citrina. Clump-forming, fall-flowering
bulb. H 4-6in (10-15cm), S 2-3in (5-8cm).
Has rush-like, erect, basal leaves. Stems
produce funnel-shaped, bright yellow
flowers, to lV2-2in (4-5cm) wide, in fall.
Z7-10 H10-7.

Z. grandiflora of gardens. See Z. carinata.
Z. robusta. See Habranthus robustus.

Z. rosea. Fall-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm),
S 2in (5cm). Short-tubed, funnel-shaped,
sugar-pink flowers, lVfln (3cm) long, are
produced among narrowly linear,
semierect, basal leaves. Z7-10 H12-10.

ZIGADENUS

LILIACEAE/MELANTHIACEAE ~

Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown
for their spikes of star-shaped, 6-petaled
flowers. Requires sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Water copiously in spring
and summer, less at other times. Remains
dormant in winter. Propagate by division
in early spring or by seed in fall or spring.
® All parts are highly toxic if ingested.

Z. elegans. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-20in (30-50cm),

S 4-6in (10-15cm). Bears long, narrow,
semierect, gray-green, basal leaves. Each
stem has spike of greenish-white flowers,
V 2 in (1cm) wide, with yellowish-green
nectaries. Z5-9 H9-5.

ZINNIA

Z. fremontii (Star lily). Clump-forming,
early summer-flowering bulb. H 12-20in
(30-50cm), S 4-6in (10-15cm). Has long,
strap-shaped, semierect, grayish-green,
basal leaves. Stem produces spike of
star-shaped, pale creamy-green flowers,
Win (1.5cm) wide, with darker green
nectaries on petal bases. Z8-9 H9-8.

Z. nuttallii. Clump-forming, summer¬
flowering bulb. H 12-24in (30-60cm),

S 3in (8cm). Narrowly strap-shaped,
semierect, basal leaves are mid- to dark
green. Produces dense spikes of tiny,
creamy-yellow flowers, 6-8mm ( 1 /4— 3 /sin)
across. Z6-9 H9-6.

ZINGIBER

ZINGIBERACEAE

Genus of herbaceous or evergreen
perennials, grown for their spicy rhizomes
and flowers arranged in a pine-cone¬
shaped head, borne on separate stems to
the leaves. Needs partial shade and rich,
moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
division in spring.

Z. mioga. Herbaceous, clump-forming
perennial. H 32in (80cm), S 20in (50cm).
Short-stemmed spikes, 2-6in (5-15cm)
long, of pale cream to yellow flowers,

2in (5cm) across, with reddish-purple
bracts, are borne in late summer. Has
tall, leafy pseudostems of narrowly lance¬
shaped, pale green leaves. Z7-10 H10-1.

ZINNIA

COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAir

Genus of annuals, grown for their large,
dahlia-like flower heads, which are
excellent for cutting. Requires sun and
fertile, well-drained soil. Remove dead
flower heads regularly to promote
flowering. Propagate by seed sown under
glass in early spring.

Z. angustifoiia 'Orange Star'. See
Z. haageana 'Orange Star'. 'Persian
Carpet'. See Z. haageana 'Persian Carpet'.
Z. elegans. Moderately fast-growing,
upright, sturdy annual. H 2-2Vzft (60-75cm),
S 1ft (30cm). Bears oval to lance-shaped,
pale or mid-green leaves. Daisy-like, purple
flower heads, 2in (5cm) or more wide, are
produced in summer and early fall. Hybrids
of Z. elegans are available in various
shades. H12-1. Cactus-flowered Group,
H 24-36in (60-90cm), have large, semi¬
double flower heads, similar to those of
cactus dahlias, with long, narrow, quilled
petals, in broad range of colors.
Dreamland Series [Scarlet] illus. p.306;
[Yellow], H and S 12in (30cm), have large,
semidouble flower heads in summer and
fall. 'Envy' illus. p.316. Hobgoblin
Series, H to 18in (45cm), produce sturdy
plants, with small, single flower heads in
broad range of colors. Peter Pan Series,
H 8in (20cm), are dwarf, with double flower
heads in wide range of colors. 'Bed Sun',

H and S 12-16in (30-40cm), has semi- to
fully double, deep bright red flower heads.
Short Stuff Series, H lOin (25cm), are
dwarf, with double flower heads in broad
range of colors. Small World Series,

H to 18in (45cm), are dwarf and have
double flower heads in wide range of
colors. 'State Fair', H to 30in (75cm),
is vigorous, and produces large, double
flower heads in many colors.

723

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

X > N

ZIZANIA

Z. haageana 'Classic'. SeeZ. haageana
'Orange Star'. 'Orange Star', syn. Z.
angustifolia 'Orange Star', Z. haageana
'Classic', illus. p.325. 'Persian Carpet',
syn. Z. angustifolia 'Persian Carpet', is a
moderately fast-growing, upright, dwarf
annual. H 15in (38cm), S 12in (30cm). Pale
green leaves are lance-shaped and hairy.
Small, weather-resistant, dahlia-like, double
flower heads, lin (2.5cm) or more wide,
are produced in summer, in range of
colors. H12-1.

Z. x marylandica Profusion Series
'Profusion Cherry', illus. p.307. Zahara
Series 'Zahara Starlight Rose', illus.
p.298.

ZIZANIA

Water oats , Wild rice
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE

See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
and SEDGES.

Z. aquatica (Annual wild rice, Canadian
wild rice. Water rice). Annual, grass-like,
marginal water plant. H 10ft (3m), S 18in
(45cm). Has grasslike, mid-green leaves.

In summer produces grasslike, pale green
flowers, followed by edible rice-like seeds
that attract waterfowl. Needs sun; is
suitable for up to 9in (23cm) deep water.
Propagate from seed stored damp and
sown in spring. Z3-9 H9-1.

Zygocactus truncatus. See

Schlumbergera truncata.

ZYGOPETALUM

Caper bean

ORCHIDACEAE ~

See also ORCHIDS.

Z. mackaii. See Z. mackayi.

Z. mackayi , syn. Z. mackaii. Evergreen,
epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate
greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). In fall produces
long sprays of fragrant, brown-blotched,
green flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with
reddish-indigo veins and white lips.
Narrowly oval, ribbed leaves are 12in
(30cm) long. Requires partial shade in
summer. Z12-14 Hll-1.

Z. Perrenoudii gx, illus. p.466.

Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool or
intermediate greenhouse. H 12in (30cm).
Spikes of fragrant, violet-purple-lipped,
dark brown flowers, 3in (8cm) across, are
borne in winter. Has narrowly oval, ribbed
leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Requires partial
shade in summer. Z14-15 H12-6.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

INDEX OF

A

Aaron's beard. See Hypericum calycinum.
Abyssinian banana. See Ensete ventricosum.
Aconite. See Aconitum.

Adam's needle. See Yucca filamentosa.
Aeroplane propeller. See Crassula perfoliata
var. falcata.

African blue lily. See Agapanthus.

African boxwood. See Myrsine africana.
African daisy. See Arctotis venusta;
Dimorphotheca.

African hemp. See Sparrmannia africana.
African lily. See Agapanthus africanus.
African marigold. See Tagetes erecta.

African red alder. See Cunonia capensis.
African violet. See Saintpaulia.

Agave cactus. See Leuchtenbergia principis.
Air plant. See Tillandsia.

Alaska cedar. See Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis.

Albany bottlebrush. See Callistemon
speciosus.

Alder. See Alnus.

Alder-leaved serviceberry. See Amelanchier
alnifolia.

Aleppo pine. See Pinus halepensis.

Alexandra palm. See Archontophoenix
alexandrae.

Alexandrian laurel. See Danae racemosa.
Alfafa. See Medicago.

Algerian iris. See Iris unguicularis.

Alkanet. See Anchusa.

Allegheny monkey flower. See Mimulus
ringens.

Allegheny moss locust. See Robinia hispida
var. kelseyi.

Allegheny serviceberry. See Amelanchier
laevis.

Allegheny vine. See Adlumia fungosa.

All heal. See Valeriana officinalis.

Allspice. See Calycanthus floridus.

Almond. See Prunus.

Alpine anemone. See Pulsatilla alpina.

Alpine aster. See Aster alpinus.

Alpine azalea. See Loiseleuria.

Alpine bearberry. See Arctostaphylos alpina.
Alpine campion. See Lychnis alpina.

Alpine catchfly. See Lychnis alpina.

Alpine chickweed. See Cerastium alpinum.
Alpine chrysanthemum. See
Leucanthemopsis alpina.

Alpine cinquefoil. See Potentilla crantzii.
Alpine coltsfoot. See Homogyne alpina.
Alpine columbine. See Aquilegia alpina.
Alpine fleabane. See Erigeron alpinus.

Alpine forget-me-not. See Myosotis
alpestris.

Alpine heath. See Erica carnea.

Alpine lady's mantle. See Alchemilla alpina.
Alpine mint bush. See Prostanthera cuneata.
Alpine penny-cress. See Thlaspi alpinum.
Alpine pink. See Dianthus alpinus.

Alpine snowbell. See Soldanella alpina.
Alpine thistle. See Carlina acaulis.

Alpine toadflax. See Linaria alpina.

Alpine totara. See Podocarpus nivalis.

Alp lily. See Lloydia serotina.

Aluminum plant. See Pilea cadierei.
Amaryllis. See Hippeastrum.

American arborvitae. See Thuja occidentalis.
American beech. See Fagus grandifolia.
American chestnut. See Castanea dentata.
American elder. See Sambucus canadensis.
American elm. See Ulmus americana.
American holly. See Hex opaca.

American hop hornbeam. See Ostrya
virginiana.

American hornbeam. See Carpinus
caroliniana.

American linden. See Tilia americana.
American lotus. See Nelumbo lutea.

American mandrake. See Podophyllum
peltatum.

American mountain ash. See Sorbus
americana.

COMMON NAMES

American smoketree. See Cotinus 'Flame'.
American yellowwood. See Cladrastis
kentukea.

Amethyst flower. See Browallia.

Amur adonis. See Adonis amurensis.

Amur cherry. See Prunus maackii.

Amur cork tree. See Phellodendron
amurense.

Amur grape. See Vitis amurensis.

Amur honeysuckle. See Lonicera maackii.
Amur maple. See Acer tataricum subsp.
ginnala.

Anceps bamboo. See Yushania anceps.
Anemone clematis. See Clematis montana.
Angelica. See Angelica archangelica.

Angel's Ashing rod. See Dierama.

Angel's tears. See Billbergia x windii;

Narcissus triandrus.

Angels' trumpets. See Brugmansia.
Angelwing begonia. See Begonia coccinea.
Anise magnolia. See Magnolia salicifolia.
Annual baby's breath. See Gypsophila
elegans.

Annual coreopsis. See Coreopsis tinctoria.
Annual mallow. See Malope trifida.

Annual phlox. See Phlox drummondii.
Annual wild rice. See Zizania aquatica.
Antarctic beech. See Nothofagus antarctica.
Apache plume. See Fallugia paradoxa.
Apennine anemone. See Anemone apennina.
Apothecary's rose. See Rosa gallica var.

officinalis.

Apple. See Malus.

Apple mint. See Mentha suaveolens.

Apple of Peru. See Nicandra physalodes.
Aralia ivy. See x Fatshedera lizei.

Arborvitae. See Thuja.

Arctic birch. See Betula nana.

Arctic poppy. See Papaver croceum.

Arizona ash. See Fraxinus velutina.

Arizona cypress. See Cupressus arizonica
var. glabra.

Armand pine. See Pinus armandii.

Armenian cranesbifl. See Geranium
psilostemon.

Armenian oak. See Quercus pontica.

Arolla pine. See Pinus cembra.

Arorangi. See Olearia macrodonta.

Arrow arum. See Peltandra.

Arrowhead. See Sagittaria.

Arrow-wood. See Viburnum dilatatum.

Arum lily. See Zantedeschia aethiopica.
Asarabacca. See Asarum europaeum.

Ash. See Fraxinus.

Ash-leaved maple. See Acer negundo.

Asian bellflower. See Cobaea scandens f.
alba.

Asian bittersweet. See Celastrus orbiculatus.

Asian chain fern. See Woodwardia
unigemmata.

Asian serviceberry. See Amelanchier
asiatica.

Aspen. See Populus.

Asphodel. See Asphodelus aestivus.
Atamasco lily. See Zephyranthes atamasco.

Atlantic white cedar. See Chamaecyparis
thyoides.

Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica.

Aubretia. See Aubrieta.

Austlian pea. See Lablab purpureus.
Australian banyan. See Ficus macrophylla.
Australian fan palm. See Livistona australis.
Australian frangipani. See Hymenosporum
flavum.

Australian heath. See Epacris impressa.

Australian ivy palm. See Schefflera
actinophylla.

Australian mock orange. See Pittosporum
undulatum.

Australian sassafras. See Atherosperma
moschatum.

Australian tree fern. See Cyathea australis.
Australian violet. See Viola hederacea.
Austrian pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. nigra.
Autograph tree. See Clusia rosea.

Autumn crocus. See Colchicum.

Autumn crocus. See Colchicum autumnale.
Autumn fern. See Dryopteris erythrosora.

Autumn-flowering crocus. See Crocus
nudiflorus.

Autumn snowflake. See Acis autumnalis.
Avens. See Geum.

Azores heath. See Daboecia azorica.

Aztec lily. See Sprekelia formosissima.

B

Baboon flower. See Babiana.

Baby blue-eyes. See Nemophila menziesii.

Baby rubber plant. See Peperomia
obtusifolia.

Baby's breath. See Gypsophila paniculata.
Baby's tears. See Soleirolia.

Baby's toes. See Fenestraria rhopalophylla
subsp. aurantiaca.

Bachelor's button. See Centaurea cyanus.

Bachelor's buttons. See Ranunculus
aconitifolius.

Bailey acacia. See Acacia baileyana.

Bald cypress. See Taxodium distichum.
Baldmoney. See Meum athamanticum.
Balearic box. See Buxus balearica.

Balkan bear's breeches. See Acanthus
hungaricus.

Balkan moor grass. See Sesleria heufleriana.
Ball moss. See Tillandsia recurvata.

Balloon flower. See Platycodon.

Balloon vine. See Cardiospermum
halicacabum.

Balm of Gilead. See Populus x jackii.

Balsam. See Impatiens.

Balsam fir. See Abies balsamea.

Balsam poplar. See Populus balsamifera.
Banana. See Musa.

Banana shrub. See Michelia figo.

Baneberry. See Actaea.

Banjo fig. See Ficus lyrata.

Banyan. See Ficus benghalensis.

Baobab. See Adansonia.

Barbados gooseberry. See Pereskia aculeata.
Barbados pride. See Caesalpinia pulcherrima.
Barbed-wire plant. See Tylecodon
reticulatus.

Barberry. See Berberis.

Barberton daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii.
Barrel cactus. See Echinocactus; Ferocactus.
Barrenwort. See Epimedium.

Bartram oak. See Quercus x heterophylla.
Baseball plant. See Euphorbia obesa.

Basket grass. See Oplismenus africanus.
Basswood. See Tilia americana.

Bastard balm. See Melittis.

Bat flower. See Tacca chantrieri.

Bay laurel. See Laurus nobilis.

Bayonet plant. See Aciphylla squarrosa.

Bay willow. See Salix pentandra.

Beach pine. See Pinus contorta.

Beach wormwood. See Artemisia stelleriana.
Bead plant. See Nertera granadensis.
Beadtree. See Melia azedarach.

Bearded bellflower. See Campanula barbata.
Beardlip penstemon. See Penstemon
barbatus.

Bear grass. See Xerophyllum tenax.

Bear's breeches. See Acanthus.

Bear's-foot hellebore. See Helleborus
foetidus.

Beautyberry. See Callicarpa.

Beautybush. See Kolkwitzia amabilis.
Bedstraw. See Galium.

Bee balm. See Monarda.

Beebalm. See Monarda hstulosa.

Beech. See Fagus.

Beech fern. See Phegopteris.

Beefsteak plant. See Iresine herbstii.

Bee tree. See Tetradium.

Belladonna lily. See Amaryllis belladonna.
Belle de nuit. See Ipomoea alba.

Bellflower. See Campanula.

Bell-flowered cherry. See Prunus
campanulata.

Bell heather. See Erica cinerea.

Bells of Ireland. See Moluccella laevis.
Benjamin. See Lindera benzoin.

Bergenia. See Bergenia.

Berlin poplar. See Populus x berolinensis.
Bermuda lily. See Lilium longiflorum.

Besom heath. See Erica scoparia.

Bethlehem sage. See Pulmonaria saccharata.
Bhutan pine. See Pinus wallichiana.

Big blue lilyturf. See Liriope muscari.
Big-cone pine. See Pinus coulteri.

Bigleaf dogwood. See Cornus kousa var.

chinensis 'China Girl'.

Bigleaf hydrangea. See Hydrangea
macrophylla.

Bigleaf magnolia. See Magnolia macrophylla.

Bigroot geranium. See Geranium
macrorrhizum.

Big tree. See Sequoiadendron giganteum.
Biota. See Platycladus orientalis.

Birch. See Betula.

Bird-catcher tree. See Pisonia umbellifera.
Bird cherry. See Prunus avium.

Bird of paradise. See Strelitzia reginae.

Bird of paradise bush. See Caesalpinia
gilliesii.

Bird-of-paradise flower. See Strelitzia.
Bird's eye bush. See Ochna.

Bird's-eye primrose. See Primula farinosa.
Bird's-foot ivy. See Hedera helix 'Pedata'.
Bird's-foot violet. See Viola pedata.

Bird's-nest bromeliad. See Nidularium.
Bird's-nest fern. See Asplenium nidus.
Birthwort. See Aristolochia.

Bishop pine. See Pinus muricata.

Bishop's cap. See Astrophytum myriostigma ;
Mitella.

Bishop's mitre. See Astrophytum
myriostigma.

Bishop's weed. See Aegopodium.

Bishop's wort. See Stachys officinalis.
Bistort. See Persicaria amplexicaulis; P.
bistorta.

Bitter cress. See Cardamine.

Bitternut hickory. See Carya cordiformis.
Bitter root. See Lewisia rediviva.
Bittersweet. See Celastrus.

Bitterwort. See Gentiana lutea.

Black alder. See Alnus glutinosa.

Black bamboo. See Phyllostachys nigra.
Black bean tree. See Castanospermum.
Blackberry lily. See Belamcanda chinensis.
Blackboy. See Xanthorrhoea.

Black cherry. See Prunus serotina.

Black chokeberry. See Aronia melanocarpa.
Black cohosh. See Cimicifuga.

Black columbine. See Aquilegia atrata.

Black coral pea. See Kennedia nigricans.
Black cottonwood. See Populus trichocarpa.
Black elder. See Sambucus canadensis.
Black-eyed cuphea. See Ctenanthe
oppenheimiana 'Tricolor'.

Black-eyed Susan. See Rudbeckia fulgida ;

R. hirta.

Black-eyed Susan vine. See Thunbergia alata.

Black gold philodendron. See Philodendron
melanochrysum.

Black gum. See Nyssa sylvatica.

Black hellebore. See Veratrum nigrum.

Black huckleberry. See Gaylussacia baccata.
Blackjack oak. See Quercus marilandica.
Black locust. See Robinia pseudoacacia.
Black mulberry. See Morns nigra.

Black oak. See Quercus velutina.

Black poplar. See Populus nigra.

Black sarana. See Fritillaria camschatcensis.
Black snakeroot. See Cimicifuga cordifolia.
Black spruce. See Picea mariana.
Blackthorn. See Prunus spinosa.

Black tree fern. See Cyathea medullaris.
Black walnut. See Juglans nigra.

Black willow. See Salix gracilistyla
'Melanostachys'.

Bladder nut. See Staphylea.

Bladder senna. See Colutea arborescens.
Bladderwort. See Utricularia.

Blanket flower. See Gaillardia.

Blazing star. See Liatris; Mentzelia lindleyi.
Bleeding heart. See Dicentra spectabilis.
Bleeding heart glorybower. See
Clerodendrum splendens.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

B

726

Bloodflower. See Asclepias curassavica.
Blood leaf. See Iresine lindenii.

Bloodtwig dogwood. See Cornus sanguinea.

Bloody cranesbill. See Geranium
sanguineum.

Blue amaryllis. See Worsleya.

Blue Atlas cedar. See Cedrus atlantica f.
glauca.

Bluebead. See Clintonia andrewsiana;

Caryopteris x clandonensis.

Bluebell. See Hyacinthoides.

Bluebell creeper. See Sollya.

Blueberry. See Vaccinium.

Blueberry ash. See Elaeocarpus cyaneus.
Blueblossom. See Ceanothus thyrsiflorus.
Blue bugloss. See Anchusa azurea.

Blue buttons. See Knautia arvensis; Vinca
major.

Blue candle. See Myrtillocactus geometrizans.
Blue cardinal flower. See Lobelia siphilitica.
Blue cowslip. See Pulmonaria angustifolia.
Blue daisy. See Felicia amelloides.

Blue dawn flower. See Ipomoea indica.

Blue Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii
var. glauca.

Blue-eyed Mary. See Omphalodes verna.
Blue flag. See Iris versicolor.

Blue-flowered torch. See Tillandsia lindenii.
Blue globe onion. See Allium caeruleum.
Blue grama. See Bouteloua gracilis.

Blue gum. See Eucalyptus globulus.

Blue holly. See Ilex x meserveae.

Blue lace flower. See Trachymene coerulea.
Blue lungwort. See Pulmonaria angustifolia.
Blue mist shrub. See Caryopteris
x clandonensis.

Blue oat grass. See Helictotrichon
sempervirens.

Blue passion flower. See Passiflora caerulea.
Blue pea. See Lathyrus nervosus.

Blue phlox. See Phlox divaricata.

Blue pine. See Pinus wallichiana.

Blue poppy. See Meconopsis baileyi.

Blue potato bush. See Lycianthes rantonnetii.
Bluestar. See Amsonia.

Blue throatwort. See Trachelium caeruleum.
Blue trumpet vine. See Thunbergia
grandiflora.

Bluets. See Hedyotis.

Blueweed. See Echium vulgare.

Bluewings. See Torenia foumieri.

Blushing bromeliad. See Neoregelia
carolinae.

Blushing bromeliad. See Nidularium fulgens.

Blushing philodendron. See Philodendron
erubescens.

Bodinier beautyberry. See Callicarpa
bodinieri.

Bog arum. See Calla palustris.

Bogbean. See Menyanthes trifoliata.

Bog pimpernel. See Anagallis tenella.

Bog resemary. See Andromeda.

Bog sage. See Salvia uliginosa.

Bog star. See Pamassia.

Bonin Isles juniper. See Juniperus
procumbens.

Borage. See Borago.

Bosnian pine. See Pinus heldreichii.

Boston ivy. See Parthenocissus tricuspidata.
Botanical wonder. See x Fatshedera lizei.

Bo tree. See Ficus religiosa.

Botterbom. See Tylecodon paniculatus.
Bottlebrush. See Callistemon.

Bottlebrush buckeye. See Aesculus
parvi flora.

Bougainvillea. See Bougainvillea.

Bower plant. See Pandorea jasminoides.

Bowles' golden sedge. See Carex elata
'Aurea'.

Bowman's root. See Gillenia trifoliata.
box. See Buxus.

Box elder. See Acer negundo.

Boxleaf honeysuckle. See Lonicera nitida.
Boxwood. See Buxus.

Bracelet honey myrtle. See Melaleuca
armillaris.

Brake. See Pteris.

Brass buttons. See Cotula coronopifolia.

Brazilian firecracker. See Manettia
luteorubra.

Brazilian rosewood. See Tipuana tipu.
Brazilian spider flower. See Tibouchina
urvilleana.

Breath of heaven. See Diosma ericoides.
Brewer spruce. See Picea breweriana.

Bridal wreath. See Francoa; Spiraea 'Arguta'.
Bride's bonnet. See Clintonia uniflora.

Bristle club-rush. See Isolepis setaceus.
Bristlecone pine. See Pinus aristata.
Bristle-pointed iris. See Iris setosa.

Bristly locust. See Robinia hispida.

Brittle bladder fern. See Cystopteris fragilis.
Brittle maidenhair fern. See Adiantum
tenerum.

Broad buckler fern. See Dryopteris dilatata.
Broadleaf. See Griselinia littoralis.

Brome. See Bromus.

Bronvaux medlar. See + Crataegomespilus
dardarii.

Brooklime. See Veronica beccabunga.

Broom. See Cytisus; Genista.

Brown-eyed Susan. See Rudbeckia triloba.
Brush box. See Lophostemon confertus.
Brush cherry. See Syzygium paniculatum.
Buckeye. See Aesculus.

Buddhist pine. See Podocarpus macrophyllus.
Buffalo currant. See Ribes odoratum.

Buffalo grass. See Stenotaphrum
secundatum.

Bugbane. See Cimicifuga.

Bugleweed. See Ajuga.

Bulblet bladder fern. See Cystopteris
bulbifera.

Bullock's heart. See Annona reticulata.
Bunchberry. See Cornus canadensis.

Bunny ears. See Opuntia microdasys.

Burkwood daphne. See Daphne x
burkwoodii.

Burnet. See Sanguisorba.

Burnet rose. See Rosa spinosissima.

Burning bush. See Bassia scoparia
f. trichophylla ; Dictamnus albus;

Euonymus alatus.

Bur oak. See Quercus macrocarpa.

Bur reed. See Sparganium.

Burro's tail. See Sedum morganianum.

Burr rose. See Rosa roxburghii.

Bush anemone. See Carpenteria califomica.
Bush groundsel. See Baccharis halimifolia.
Bush violet. See Browallia speciosa.

Busy Lizzie. See Impatiens walleriana.
Butcher's broom. See Ruscus aculeatus.
Buterfly agave. See Agave potatorum.
Butterbur. See Petasites.

Buttercup. See Ranunculus.

Buttercup winter hazel. See Corylopsis
glabrescens.

Butterfly bush. See Buddleja davidii.
Butterfly flower. See Schizanthus.

Butterfly orchid. See Psychopsis papilio.
Butterflyweed. See Asclepias tuberosa.
Butternut. See Juglans cinerea.

Butter tree. See Tylecodon paniculatus.
Butterwort. See Pinguicula.

Button fern. See Pellaea rotundifolia.

C

Cabbage palm. See Livistona australis.
Cabbage rose. See Rosa x centifolia.
Calamondin. See x Citrofortunella microcarpa.
Calico aster. See Aster lateriflorus.

Calico flower. See Aristolochia littoralis.
Calico hearts. See Adromischus maculatus.
California allspice. See Calycanthus
occidentalis.

California bluebell. See Phacelia
campanularia.

California buckeye. See Aesculus califomica.

California flannel bush. See

Fremontodendron califomicum.

California fuchsia. See Zauschneria.
California laurel. See Umbellularia
califomica.

California live oak. See Quercus agrifolia.
California nutmeg. See Torreya califomica.
California poppy. See Eschscholzia.

California rock cress. See Arabis
blepharophylla.

California sweetshrub. See Calycanthus
occidentalis.

Calla lily. See Zantedeschia.

Callery pear. See Pyms calleryana.

Camass. See Camassia.

Campernelle jonquil. See Narcissus x
odoms.

Camphor tree. See Cimicifuga simplex
'Prichard's Giant'.

Campion. See Lychnis; Silene.

Canada hemlock. See Tsuga canadensis.
Canada lily. See Lilium canadense.

Canada moonseed. See Menispermum
canadense.

Canadian burnet. See Sanguisorba
canadensis.

Canadian columbine. See Aquilegia
canadensis.

Canadian poplar. See Populus x canadensis.
Canadian wild rice. See Zizania aquatica.
Canary-bird bush. See Crotalaria agatiflora.
Canary creeper. See Tropaeolum peregrinum.

Canary Island bellflower. See Canarina
canariensis.

Canary Island date palm. See Phoenix
canariensis.

Candelabra plant. See Aloe arborescens.
Candle plant. See Plectranthus oertendahlii;
Senecio articulatus.

Candlewood. See Rothmannia capensis.
Candytuft. See Iberis.

Canoe birch. See Betula papyrifera.
Cantabrian heath. See Daboecia cantabrica.
Canterbury bell. See Campanula medium.
Cape aloe. See Aloe ferox.

Cape blue waterlily. See Nymphaea
capensis.

Cape chestnut. See Calodendmm capense.
Cape cowslip. See Lachenalia.

Cape dandelion. See Arctotheca calendula.
Cape figwort. See Phygelius capensis.

Cape forget-me-not. See Anchusa capensis.
Cape fuchsia. See Phygelius capensis.

Cape grape. See Rhoicissus capensis.

Cape honeysuckle. See Tecoma capensis.
Cape ivy. See Senecio macroglossus.

Cape jasmine. See Gardenia jasminoides.
Cape leadwort. See Plumbago auriculata.
Cape marigold. See Dimorphotheca.

Cape pondweed. See Aponogeton distachyos.
Caper bean. See Zygopetalum.

Cape sundew. See Drosera capensis.

Cape tulip. See Haemanthus coccineus.
Cappadocian maple. See Acer
cappadocicum.

Caraway thyme. See Thymus herba-barona.
Cardinal climber. See Ipomoea x multifida.
Cardinal flower. See Lobelia cardinalis.
Cardinal's guard. See Pachystachys coccinea.
Cardoon. See Cynara cardunculus.
Caricature plant. See Graptophyllum pictum.
Carline thistle. See Carlina.

Carnation. See Dianthus.

Carolina hemlock. See Tsuga caroliniana.
Carolina jasmine. See Gelsemium
sempervirens.

Carolina silverbell. See Halesia Carolina.
Carolina sweet jessamine. See Gelsemium
sempervirens.

Carpathian harebell. See Campanula
carpahca.

Carthusian pink. See Dianthus
earth usianomm.

Cascade penstemon. See Penstemon
serrulatus.

Cashmere bouquet. See Cleome 'Rose
Queen'.

Caspianlocust. See Gleditsia caspica.
Cast-iron plant. See Aspidistra elatior.

Castor aralia. See Kalopanax septemlobus.
Castor bean. See Ricinus communis.

Catalina ironwood. See Lyonothamnus
floribundus.

Catchfly. See Lychnis; Silene.

Catherine wheel. See Scadoxus multifloms
subsp. katherinae.

Catmint. See Nepeta.

Cat's claw vine. See Macfadyena.

Cat's ears. See Antermaria; Calochortus.

Cat's whiskers. See Tacca chantrieri.

Cattail. See Typha latifolia.

Caucasian elm. See Zelkova carpinifolia.
Caucasian fir. See Abies nordmanniana.
Caucasian peony. See Paeonia
mlokosewitschii.

Caucasian spruce. See Picea orientalis.

Caucasian whortleberry. See Vaccinium
arctostaphylos.

Caucasian wingnut. See Pterocarya
fraxinifolia.

Cedar. See Cedms.

Cedar of Goa. See Cupressus lusitanica.
Cedar of Lebanon. See Cedms libani.
Celandine crocus. See Crocus korolkowii.
Celery pine. See Phyllocladus.

Century plant. See Agave americana.
Ceriman. See Monstera deliciosa.

Chain cactus. See Rhipsalis paradoxa.

Chain fern. See Woodwardia.

Chamomile. See Chamaemelum nobile.
Chandelier plant. See Kalanchoe delagoensis.
Channeled heath. See Erica canaliculata.
Chaste tree. See Vitex agnus-castus; V.
negundo.

Chatham Island forget-me-not. See

Myosotidium hortensia.

Checkerberry. See Gaultheria procumbens.
Checkered lily. See FritUlaria meleagris.

Cheddar pink. See Dianthus
gratianopolitanus.

Cheesewood. See Pittospomm undulatum.
Chenille plant. See Acalypha hispida.
Cherimoya. See Annona.

Cherry. See Pmnus.

Cherry birch. See Betula lenta.

Cherry laurel. See Prunus laurocerasus.
Cherry plum. See Prunus cerasifera.
Chestnut. See Castanea.

Chestnut dioon. See Dioon edule.
Chestnut-leaved oak. See Quercus
castaneifolia.

Chestnut rose. See Rosa roxburghii.
Chestnut vine. See Tetrastigma voinierianum.
Chicory. See Cichorium.

Chilean bamboo. See Chusquea culeou.

Chilean bellflower. See Lapageria rosea.
Chilean blue crocus. See Tecophilaea
cyanocrocus.

Chilean firebush. See Embothrium
coccineum.

Chilean glory flower. See Eccremocarpus
scaber.

Chilean guava. See Ugni molinae.

Chilean hazel. See Gevuina avellana.

Chilean incense cedar. See Austrocedms
chilensis.

Chilean jasmine. See Mandevilla laxa.

Chilean wine palm. See Jubaea.

Chile nut. See Gevuina avellana.

Chile pine. See Araucaria araucana.

Chimney bellflower. See Campanula
pyramidalis.

China aster. See Callistephus.

Chinaberry. See Melia azedarach.

China fir. See Cunninghamia lanceolata.

China pink. See Dianthus chinensis.
Chincherinchee. See Ornithogalum
thyrsoides.

Chinese anemone. See Anemone hupehensis.
Chinese anise. See Dlicium anisatum.

Chinese arbor-vitae. See Platycladus
orientalis.

Chinese box thorn. See Lycium barbamm.
Chinese catalpa. See Catalpa fargesii
f. duclowdi.

Chinese cork tree. See Phellodendron
chinense.

Chinese crabapple. See Malus pmnifolia.
Chinese elm. See Ulmus parvifolia.

Chinese evergreen. See Aglaonema.

Chinese evergreen oak. See Quercus
myrsinifolia.

Chinese fan palm. See Livistona chinensis.

Chinese flowering crabapple. See Malus
spectabilis.

Chinese fountain palm. See Livistona
chinensis.

Chinese foxglove. See Rehmannia elata.

Chinese fringe tree. See Chionanthus
retusus.

Chinese gooseberry. See Actinidia deliciosa.
Chinese ground orchid. See Bletilla striata.
Chinese hackberry. See Celtis sinensis.
Chinese hat plant. See Holmskioldia
sanguinea.

Chinese hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Chinese holly. See Bex comuta.

Chinese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
chinensis.

Chinese juniper. See Junipems chinensis.
Chinese lantern. See Physalis alkekengi.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Chinese lanterns. See Nymania capensis.

Chinese leadwort. See Ceratostigma
plumbaginoides.

Chinese lilac. See Symplocos paniculata.

Chinese necklace poplar. See Populus
lasiocarpa.

Chinese parasol tree. See Firmiana simplex.
Chinese persimmon. See Diospyros kaki.
Chinese privet. See Ligustrum lucidum; L.
sinense.

Chinese rhubarb. See Rheum palmatum.
Chinese spinach. See Amaranthus tricolor.
Chinese tallow tree. See Sapium sebiferum.
Chinese thuja. See Platycladus orientalis.

Chinese trumpet creeper. See Campsis
grandiflora.

Chinese tulip tree. See Liriodendron
chinense.

Chinese tupelo. See Nyssa sinensis.

Chinese walnut. See Juglans cathayensis.
Chinese wingnut. See Pterocarya stenoptera.
Chinese wisteria. See Wisteria sinensis.
Chinese witch hazel. See Hamamelis mollis.
Chinkapin oak. See Quercus muehlenbergii.
Chinquapin rose. See Rosa roxburghii.
Chives. See Allium schoenoprasum.

Chocolate cosmos. See Cosmos
atrosanguineus.

Chocolate vine. SeeAkebia quinata.
Chokeberry. See Aronia.

Choke cherry. See Prunus virginiana.
Chotito. See Polyscias tilicifolia.

Christmas begonia. See Begonia 'Gloire
de Lorraine'.

Christmas box. See Sarcococca.

Christmas cactus. See Schlumbergera
x buckleyi.

Christmas cherry. See Solanum
pseudocapsicum.

Christmas fern. See Polystichum
acrostichoides.

Christmas rose. See Helleborus niger.
Christmas tree. See Metrosideros excelsa.
Christ's thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi.
Chulta. See Dillenia indica.

Chusan palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei.
Cider gum. See Eucalyptus gunnii.

Cigar flower. See Cuphea ignea.

Cinnamon fern. See Osmunda cinnamomea.
Cinquefoil. See Potentilla.

Claret ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia
'Raywood'.

Cliffbush. See Jamesia americana.

Cliff green. See Paxistima canbyi.

Climbing dahlia. See Hidalgoa.

Climbing fern. See Lygodium.

Climbing fig. See Ficus pumila.

Climbing fumitory. See Adlumia fungosa.

Climbing hydrangea. See Hydrangea
petiolaris.

Cloth-of-gold crocus. See Crocus
angustifolius.

Clove currant. See Ribes odoratum.

Clover. See Trifolium.

Clown orchid. See Rossioglossum grande.
Clubmoss cassiope. See Cassiope 'Muirhead'.
Cluster pine. See Pinus pinaster.

Coast redwood. See Sequoia sempervirens.
Coast trillium. See Trillium ovatum.

Cobra jack. See Arisaema ringens.

Cobweb houseleek. See Sempervivum
arachnoideum.

Cockies' tongues. See Templetonia retusa.
Cockscomb. See Celosia.

Cockspur coral-tree. See Erythrina crista-
galli.

Cockspur hawthorn. See Crataegus crus-
galli.

Coffee tree. See Polyscias guilfoylei.

Coffin juniper. See Juniperus recurva var.
coxii.

Colchis ivy. See Hedera colchica.

Colorado spruce. See Picea pungens.
Columbine. See Aquilegia.

Comfrey. See Symphytum.

Common alder. See Alnus glutinosa.
Common almond. See Prunus dulcis.
Common angels' trumpet. See Brugmansia
arborea.

Common bearberry. See Arctostaphylos
uva-ursi.

Common bear's breeches. See Acanthus
mollis.

Common bluebeard. See Caryopteris incana.

Common bog rosemary. See Andromeda
polifolia.

Common box. See Buxus sempervirens.

Common broom. See Cytisus scoparius
subsp. maritimus.

Common camass. See Camassia quamash.

Common cat's claw vine. See Macfadyena
unguis-cati.

Common daisy. See Beilis perennis.

Common devil's claw. See Proboscidea
louisianica.

Common European globeflower. See

Trollius europaeus.

Common fennel. See Foeniculum vulgare.

Common flowering quince. See

Chaenomeles cathayensis.

Common foxglove. See Digitalis purpurea.

Common gardenia. See Gardenia
jasminoides.

Common garden peony. See Paeonia
lactiflora.

Common German flag. See Iris germanica.

Common grape hyacinth. See Muscari
botryoides.

Common hackberry. See Celtis occidentalis.

Common honeysuckle. See Lonicera
periclymenum.

Common horse chestnut. See Aesculus
hippocastanum.

Common hyacinth. See Hyacinthus orientalis.

Common jasmine. SeeJasminum officinale.

Common juniper. See Juniperus communis.

Common laburnum. See Laburnum
anagyroides.

Common large monkey flower. See

Mimulus guttatus.

Common mandrake. See Mandragora
officinarum.

Common mignonette. See Reseda odorata.

Common milkweed. See Asclepias syriaca.

Common morning glory. See Ipomoea
purpurea.

Common moss. See Rosa x centifolia
'Muscova'.

Common myrtle. See Myrtus communis.

Common net bush. See Calothamnus
quadrifidus.

Common pear. See Pyrus communis.

Common pearl bush. See Exochorda
racemosa.

Common peony. See Paeonia officinalis.

Common pitcher plant. See Sarracenia
purpurea.

Common pohutukawa. See Metrosideros
excelsa.

Common privet. See Ligustrum vulgare.

Common pussy-toes. See Antennaria dioica.

Common quaking grass. See Briza media.

Common quince. See Cydonia oblonga.

Common rue. See Ruta graveolens.

Common sage. See Salvia officinalis.

Common snowdrop. See Galanthus nivalis.

Common Solomon's seal. See Polygonatum
x hybridum.

Common spatterdock. See Nuphar advena.

Common staghorn fern. See Platycerium
bifurcatum.

Common unicorn plant. See Proboscidea
louisianica.

Common valerian. See Valeriana officinalis.

Common waratah. See Telopea
speciosissima.

Common witch hazel. See Hamamelis
virginiana.

Compass plant. See Silphium laciniatum.

Coneflower. See Echinacea; Rudbeckia.

Cone ginger. S eeAlpinia purpurata.

Confederate jasmine. See Trachelospermum
jasminoides.

Confederate rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis.

Confederate vine. See Antigonon leptopus.

Copey. See Clusia rosea.

Copper beech. See Fagus sylvatica
f. atropunicea.

Copperleaf. See Acalypha wilkesiana.

Coquito palm. See Jubaea chilensis.

Coral aloe. See Aloe striata.

Coralbark maple. See Acer palmatum
'Sango-kaku'.

Coral berry. See Aechmea fulgens.

Coralberry. See Ardisia crenata;
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus.

Coral bush. See Templetonia retusa.

Coral cactus. See Rhipsalis cereuscula.

Coral drops. See Bessera elegans.

Coral flower. See Heuchera.

Coral fountain. See Russelia equisetiformis.
Coral gem. See Lotus berthelotii.

Coral honeysuckle. See Lonicera
sempervirens.

Coral pea. See Hardenbergia.

Coral plant. See Berberidopsis corallina.
Coral tree. See Erythrina.

Coral vine. See Antigonon.

Cork oak. See Quercus suber.

Corkscrew rush. See Juncus effusus f.
spiralis.

Cork tree. See Phellodendron.

Corn. See Zea mays.

Corn cockle. See Agrostemma.

Cornelian cherry. See Comus mas.

Cornish elm. See Ulmus minor
'Cornubiensis'.

Cornish golden elm. See Ulmus minor
'Dicksonii'.

Cornish heath. See Erica vagans.

Corn lily. See Ixia.

Corn plant. See Dracaena fragrans.

Corn poppy. See Papaver rhoeas.

Corsican heath. See Erica terminalis.
Corsican hellebore. See Helleborus
argutifolius.

Corsican mint. See Mentha requienii.
Corsican pine. See Pinus nigra subsp. laricio.
Corsican sandwort. See Arenaria balearica.
Cotton ball. See Espostoa lanata.

Cotton rose. See Hibiscus mutabilis.

Cotton thistle. See Onopordum.
Cottonwood. See Populus deltoides.

Coulter pine. See Pinus coulteri.

Cowberry. See Vaccinium vitis-idaea.

Cow itch tree. See Lagunaria patersonii.
Cowslip. See Primula veris.

Coyote Willow. See Salix exigua.

Crab cactus. See Schlumbergera truncata.
Crack willow. See Salix fragilis.

Cradle orchid. See Anguloa clowesii.
Cranberry. See Vaccinium.

Crane flower. See Strelitzia reginae.
Cranesbill. See Erodium reichardii; Geranium.
Crape myrtle. See Lagerstroemia indica.
Cream bush. See Holodiscus discolor.
Creamcups. See Platystemon califomicus.
Creeping blueblossom. See Ceanothus
thyrsiflorus var. repens.

Creeping bluets. See Hedyotis michawdi.
Creeping Charlie. See Pilea nummulariifolia.
Creeping cotoneaster. See Cotinus
obovatus.

Creeping fig. See Ficus pumila.

Creeping forget-me-not. See Omphalodes
vema.

Creeping gloxinia. See Lophospermum
erubescens.

Creeping Jenny. See Lysimachia nummularia.

Creeping juniper. See Juniperus
horizontalis.

Creeping mahonia. See Mahonia repens.
Creeping myrtle. See Vinca minor.

Creeping phlox. See Phlox stolonifera; P.
subulata.

Creeping soft grass. See Holcus mollis.
Creeping St. John's-wort. See Hypericum
calycinum.

Creeping willow. See Salix repens.

Creeping zinnia. See Sanvitalia procumbens.
Crested moss. See Rosa x centifolia 'Cristata'.
Cretan brake. See Pteris cretica.

Cricket-bat willow. See Salix alba var.
caerulea.

Crimean linden. See Tilia x euchlora.

Crimson bottlebrush. See Callistemon
citrinus 'Splendens'.

Crimson damask rose. See Rosa gallica
var. officinalis.

Crimson glory vine. See Vitis coignetiae.
Crimson-spot rockrose. See Cistus albidus.
Cross-leaved heath. See Erica tetralix.

Cross vine. See Bignonia capreolata.

Croton. See Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum.
Crowfoot. See Ranunculus.

Crow-foot violet. See Viola pedata.

Crown imperial. See Fritillaria imperialis.
Crown of thorns. See Euphorbia milii.

Cruel plant. See Araujia sericifera.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Crystal anthurium. See Anthurium
crystallinum.

Cucumber tree magnolia. See Magnolia
acuminata.

Culver's root. See Veronicastrum virginicum.

Cup-and-saucer vine. See Clytostoma
callistegioides.

Cup-and-saucer vine. See Cobaea scandens.
Cup flower. See Nierembergia.

Cupid's dart. See Catananche.

Cup of gold. See Solandra maxima.

Curled pondweed. See Potamogeton crispus.
Curly water thyme. See Lagarosiphon.
Curry plant. See Helichrysum italicum.
Cushion bush. See Leucophyta.

Custard apple. See Annona.

Cutleaf beech. See Fagus sylvatica f. laciniata.
Cypress. See Cupressus.

Cypress vine. See Ipomoea quamoclit.
Cyprus turpentine. See Pistacia terebinthus.

D

Daffodil. See Narcissus.

Dagger plant. See Yucca aloifolia.

Daimyo oak. See Quercus dentata.

Daisy. See Beilis.

Daisy bush. See Olearia.

Dalmatian bellflower. See Campanula
portenschla giana.

Dalmatian cranesbill. See Geranium
dalmaticum.

Dalmatian laburnum. See Petteria
ramentacea.

Dalmation toadflax. See Linaria dalmatica.
Dame's rocket. See Hesperis matronalis.
Dancing-doll orchid. See Gomesa flexuosum.
Dark mullein. See Verbascum nigrum.

Dark Warrior. See x Aliceara Dark Warrior

gx.

Darling pea. See Swainsona galegifolia.
Darwin's barberry. See Berberis darwinii.
Date plum. See Diospyros lotus.

David's maple. See Acer davidii.

David's peach. See Prunus davidiana.

Dawn redwood. See Metasequoia
glyptostroboides.

Day flower. See Commelina coelestis.

Daylily. See Hemerocallis.

Deadnettle. See Lamium.

Deer's foot fern. See Davallia canariensis.
Delavay's fir. See Abies delavayi.

Delta maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum.
Deodar cedar. See Cedrus deodara.
Deptford pink. See Dianthus armeria.

Desert candle. See Eremurus.

Desert rose. See Adenium.

Devil flower. See Tacca chantrieri.

Devil's apple. See Mandragora officinarum.
Devil's backbone. See Kalanchoe
daigremon tiana.

Devil's club. See Oplopanax horridus.

Devil's fig. See Argemone mexicana.

Devil's tongue. See Amorphophallus konjac ;
Ferocactus latispinus.

Diamond milfoil. See Myriophyllum
aquaticum.

Dickson's golden elm. See Ulmus minor
'Dicksonii'.

Digger's speedwell. See Parahebe perfoliata.
Disk-leaved hebe. See Hebe pinguifolia.
Dittany. See Dictamnus albus.

Dittany of Crete. See Origanum dictamnus.
Dogberry. See Sorbus americana.

Dog-tooth violet. See Erythronium dens-
canis.

Dogwood. See Comus.

Doll's eyes. See Actaea pachypoda.

Dorset heath. See Erica ciliaris.

Double common snowdrop. See Galanthus
nivalis 'Flore Pleno'.

Doublefile viburnum. See Viburnum
plicatum f. tomentosum.

Douglas fir. See Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Dove's dung. See Omithogalum umbellatum.
Dove tree. See Davidia involucrata.

Downy clematis. See Clematis macropetala.
Downy hawthorn. See Crataegus
macrosperma var. acutiloba.

Downy serviceberry. See Amelanchier
arborea.

D

in

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Dragon arum. See Dracunculus vulgaris.

Dragon-claw willow. See Salix babylonica
var. pekinensis 'Tortuosa'.

Dragon's head. See Dracocephalum.

Dragon's mouth. See Horminum pyrenaicum.

Dragon tree. See Dracaena draco.

Drooping leucothoe. See Leucothoe
fontanesiana.

Drooping star-of-Bethlehem. See

Omithogalum nutans.

Dropwort. See Filipendula vulgaris.

Drumstick allium. See Allium
sphaerocephalon.

Drumstick primula. See Primula denticulata.

Drunkard's dream. See Hatiora
salicomioides.

Duck potato. See Sagittaria latifolia.

Dumb cane. See Dieffenbachia.

Dumpling cactus. See Lophophora williamsii.

Durmast oak. See Quercus petraea.

Dusky coral pea. See Kennedia rubicunda.

Dusky cranesbill. See Geranium phaeum.

Dusty miller. See Lychnis coronaria.

Dutch crocus. See Crocus vernus.

Dutch elm. See Ulmus glabra.

Dutchman's breeches. See Dicentra
cucullaria.

Dutchman's pipe. See Aristolochia
macrophylla.

Dwarf cattail. See Typha minima.

Dwarf fan palm. See Chamaerops humilis.

Dwarf fothergiOa. See Fothergilla gardenii.

Dwarf ginger lily. See Kaempferia
roscoeana.

Dwarf holly fern. See Polystichum
tsussimense.

Dwarf Japanese rush. See Acorus
gramineus var. pusillus.

Dwarf morning glory. See Convolvulus
sabatius.

Dwarf myrtle. See Myrtus communis subsp.
tarentina.

Dwarf palmetto. See Sabal minor.

Dwarf pomegranate. See Punica granatum
var. nana.

Dwarf Russian almond. See Prunus tenella.

Dwarf Siberian pine. See Pinus pumila.

Dwarf sumac. See Rhus copallina.

Dwarf white wood lily. See Trillium nivale.

Dwarf willow. See Salix herbacea.

Dyer's greenweed. See Genista tinctoria.

E

728

Early forsythia. See Forsythia ovata.

Early spider orchid. See Ophrys sphegodes.
Easter cactus. See Hatiora gaertneri.

Easter lily. See Lilium longiflorum.

Easter lily cactus. See Echinopsis.

Eastern arborvitae. See Thuja occidentalis.
Eastern cottonwood. See Populus deltoides.
Eastern juniper. See Juniperus virginiana.
Eastern redbud. See Cercis canadensis.
Eastern red cedar. See Juniperus virginiana.
Eastern shooting star. See Dodecatheon
meadia.

East Indian arrowroot. See Tacca
leontopetaloides.

East Indies aster. See Aster tongolensis.

Eau de Cologne mint. See Mentha x piperita
f. citrata.

Edelweiss. See Leontopodium.

Eel grass. See Vallisneria spiralis.

Eglantine rose. See Rosa rubiginosa.
Egyptian star cluster. See Pentas lanceolata.
Elder. See Sambucus.

Elderberry. See Sambucus nigra.

Elephant's ear. See Alocasia;Philodendron
domesticum.

Elephant's foot. See Beaucamea recurvata ;

Dioscorea elephantipes.

Elm. See Ulmus.

Emerald creeper. See Strongylodon
macrobotrys.

Emerald ripple. See Peperomia caperata.
Empress tree. See Paulownia tomentosa.
Engelmann spruce. See Picea engelmannii.
English bluebell. See Hyacinthoides non-
scripta.

English elm. See Ulmus procera.

English hawthorn. See Crataegus laevigata.

English holly. See Ilex aquifolium.

English iris. See Iris latifolia.

English ivy. See Hedera helix.

English laurel. See Prunus laurocerasus.
English lavender. See Lavandula angustifolia.
English marigold. See Calendula officinalis.
English oak. See Quercus robur.

English violet. See Viola odorata.

English wallflower. See Erysimum cheiri.
English walnut. See Juglans regia.

English yew. See Taxus baccata.

Epaulette tree. See Pterostyrax hispida.
Erman birch. See Betula ermanii.

Etruscan honeysuckle. See Lonicera etrusca.
Eulalia grass. See Miscanthus sinensis.
European ash. See Fraxinus excelsior.
European aspen. See Populus tremula.
European beech. See Fagus sylvatica.
European bird cherry. See Prunus padus.
European black pine. See Pinus nigra.
European bladder nut. See Staphylea
pinnata.

European chain fern. See Woodwardia
radicans.

European cranberry bush. See Viburnum
opulus.

European elder. See Sambucus nigra.

European fan palm. See Chamaerops
humilis.

European field elm. See Ulmus minor.
European filbert. See Corylus avellana.
European hackberry. See Celtis australis.

European hop hornbeam. See Ostrya
carpinifolia.

European hornbeam. See Carpinus betulus.
European larch. See Larix decidua.
European linden. See Tilia x europaea.

European mountain ash. See Sorbus
aucuparia.

European red elder. See Sambucus nigra.
European silver fir. See Abies alba.
European white linden. See Tilia tomentosa.
Evening primrose. See Oenothera.
Evergreen clematis. See Clematis armandii.
Evergreen dogwood. See Comus capitata.
Evergreen laburnum. See Piptanthus
nepalensis.

Everlasting. See Sedum spectabile.

Everlasting flower. See Xerochrysum
bracteatum.

Everlasting pea. See Lathyrus grandiflorus ; L.
latifolius.

Exeter elm. See Ulmus glabra 'Exoniensis'.
Eyelash begonia. See Begonia bowerae.

F

Fair maids of France. See Saxifraga
granulata.

Fairy bells. See Disporum.

Fairy duster. See Calliandra eriophylla.

Fairy foxglove. See Erinus.

Fairy lantern. See Calochortus albus.

Fairy lanterns. See Calochortus.

Fairy moss. SeeAzolla filiculoides.

Fairy primrose. See Primula malacoides.
Fairy tails. See Pennisetum 'Fairy Tails'.

Fairy thimbles. See Campanula
cochleariifolia.

False anemone. See Anemonopsis.

False aralia. See Schefflera elegantissima.
False cypress. See Chamaecyparis.

False dittany. See Ballota pseudodictamnus.

False dragonhead. See Physostegia
virginiana.

False garlic. See Nothoscordum.

False hellebore. See Veratrum album.

False holly. See Osmanthus heterophyllus.
False indigo. See Baptisia australis.

False Jerusalem cherry. See Solanum
capsicastrum.

False lily-of-the-valley. See Maianthemum
bifolium.

False oat grass. See Arrhenatherum elatius.

False philodendron. See Peperomia
scandens.

False rue anemone. S eelsopyrum.

False Solomon's seal. See Smilacina
racemosa.

Fameflower. See Talinum.

Fan columbine. See Aquilegia flabellata.

Fancy-leaf caladium. See Caladium bicolor.
Fanwort. See Cabomba caroliniana.

Fat pork tree. See Clusia rosea.

Fawn lily. See Erythronium califomicum.
Feather cactus. See Mammillaria plumosa.
Feathertop. See Pennisetum villosum.
February daphne. See Daphne mezereum.
Felt bush. See Kalanchoe beharensis.

Fennel. See Foeniculum.

Fennel-leaved pondweed. See Potamogeton
pectinatus.

Fernbush. See Chaenomeles x superba
'Knap Hill Scarlet'.

Fern-leaf aralia. See Polyscias hlicifolia.
Fernleaf poppy. See Paeonia tenuifolia.
Fernleaf yarrow. See Achillea filipendulina.
Fern-leaved beech. See Fagus sylvatica
'Aspleniifolia'.

Fescue. See Festuca.

Fetterbush. See Leucothoe fontanesiana ;
Pieris floribunda.

Feverfew. See Tanacetum parthenium.
Fiddleneck. See Phacelia tanacetifolia.

Field poppy. See Papaver rhoeas.

Fig. See Ficus.

Figwort. See Scrophularia.

Finger-leaved ivy. See Hedera hibernica
'Digitata'.

Firecracker plant. See Russelia
equisetiformis.

Firecracker vine. See Manettia cordifolia.
Fire lily. See Lilium bulbiferum.

Firethorn. See Pyracantha.

Firewheel tree. See Stenocarpus sinuatus.
Fishbone cactus. See Epiphyllum anguliger.
Fish grass. See Cabomba caroliniana.
Fishhook cactus. See Ferocactus wislizenii.
Fishpole bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea.
Five fingers. See Neopanax arboreus;

Five fingers. See Syngonium auritum.

Nemophila maculata.

Five-stamen tamarisk. See Tamarix
ramosissima.

Flame azalea. See Rhododendron
calendulaceum.

Flamebush. See Templetonia retusa.

Flame coral tree. See Erythrina coralloides.

Flame nasturtium. See Tropaeolum
speciosum.

Flame of the woods. See Ixora coccinea.
Flame violet. See Episcia cupreata.

Flaming Katy. See Kalanchoe blossfeldiana.
Flamingo flower. See Anthurium
andraeanum; A. scherzerianum.

Flaming sword. See Vriesea splendens.
Flanders poppy. See Papaver rhoeas.
Flannel bush. See Fremontodendron.

Flax. See Linum.

Flax lily. See Dianella.

Fleabane. See Erigeron.

Fleeceflower. See Persicaria.

Floating heart. See Nymphoides.

Floating water plantain. See Luronium
natans.

Floradora. See Stephanotis floribunda.
Florists' cineraria. See Pericallis x hybrida.
Florists' gloxinia. See Sirmingia speciosa.

Florist's hydrangea. See Hydrangea
macrophylla.

Floss flower. See Ageratum.

Floss silk tree. See Chorisia speciosa.
Flowering ash. See Fraxinus ornus.
Flowering banana. See Musa omata.
Flowering crabapple. See Malus.
Flowering currant. See Ribes sanguineum.
Flowering dogwood. See Comus
controversa; C. florida.

Flowering fern. See Osmunda regalis.
Flowering maple. See Abutilon.

Flowering quince. See Chaenomeles.
Flowering raspberry. See Rubus odoratus.
Flowering rush. See Butomus umbellatus.
Flowering tobacco. See Nicotiana sylvestris.
Flower-of-an-hour. See Hibiscus trionum.
Flower of Jove. See Lychnis flos-jovis.
Flower of Jupiter. See Lychnis flos-jovis.

Fly honeysuckle. See Lonicera xylosteum.
Foam flower. See Tiarella.

Foam of May. See Spiraea 'Arguta'.

Foothill penstemon. See Penstemon
heterophyllus.

Forget-me-not. See Myosotis.

Forrest fir. See Abies forrestii.

Fort Bragg manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
nummularia.

Fountain bamboo. See Fargesia nitida.

Fountain butterfly bush. See Buddleja
altemifolia.

Fountain flower. See Ceropegia sandersonii.
Fountain grass. See Pennisetum
alopecuroides ; P. setaceum.

Four o'clocks. See Mirabilis jalapa.

Foxglove. See Digitalis.

Foxglove tree. See Paulownia tomentosa.
Foxtail barley. See Hordeum jubatum.
Foxtail fern. See Asparagus densiflorus
'Myersii'.

Foxtail grass. See Alopecurus.

Foxtail lily. See Eremurus.

Foxtail millet. See Setaria italica.

Fragrant daphne. See Daphne odora.
Fragrant olive. See Osmanthus fragrans.
Fragrant snowbell. See Styrax obassia.
Fragrant Solomon's seal. See Polygonatum
odoratum.

Fragrant sumac. See Rhus aromatica.

Fragrant winter hazel. See Corydalis
wilsonii.

Frangipani. See Plumeria.

Franklin tree. See Franklinia.

Fraser magnolia. See Magnolia fraseri.
Freckle face. See Hypoestes phyllostachya.

French honeysuckle. See Hedysarum
coronarium.

French lavender. See Lavandula stoechas.
French marigold. See Tagetes patula.

French pussy willow. See Salix caprea.
Friendship plant. See Pilea involucrata.
Friendship tree. See Crassula ovata.

Fringe cups. See Tellima.

Fringed bergenia. See Bergenia ciliata.
Fringed lavender. See Lavandula dentata.
Fringed rock cress. See Arabis
blepharophylla.

Fringe tree. See Chionanthus.

Fritillary. See Fritillaria.

Frogbit. See Hydrocharis morsus-ranae.
Fuchsia begonia. See Begonia foliosa
var. miniata.

Fuchsia-flowered currant. See Ribes
speciosum.

Fuji cherry. See Prunus incisa.

Fuki. See Petasites japonicus.

Fullmoon maple. See Acer japonicum.

Furze. See Ulex.

Furze. See Ulex europaeus.

G

Galingale. See Cypems longus.
Gandergoose. See Anacamptis morio.
Gardeners' garters. See Phalaris
arundinacea var. picta.

Garden gloxinia. See Incarvillea mairei.
Garden heliotrope. See Valeriana officinalis.
Garden loosestrife. See Lysimachia punctata.
Garden myrrh. See Myrrhis odorata.

Garden phlox. See Phlox paniculata.

Garden violet. See Viola odorata.

Garland flower. See Hedychium.

Gas plant. See Dictamnus albus.

Gaudy jack. See Arisaema sikokianum.
Gayfeather. See Liatris.

Gentian. See Gentiana.

Geraldton waxflower. See Chamelaucium
uncinatum.

Geranium. See Pelargonium.

Geranium aralia. See Polyscias guilfoylei.
German ivy. See Senecio mikanioides.

Ghost bramble. See Rubus cockbumianus.
Ghost gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora.

Ghost plant. See Graptopetalum
paraguayense.

Ghost tree. See Davidia involucrata.

Giant bellflower. See Ostrowskia.

Giant Burmese honeysuckle. See Lonicera
hildebrandiana.

Giant buttercup. See Ranunculus lyallii.
Giant caladium. See Alocasia cuprea.

Giant chincherinchee. See Omithogalum
saundersiae.

Giant cowslip. See Primula florindae.

Giant crape myrtle. See Lagerstroemia
speciosa.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Giant dogwood. See Cornus alternifolia
'Argentea'; C. controversa 'Variegata'.

Giant elephant's ear. See Alocasia
macrorrhiza.

Giant feather grass. See Stipa gigantea.
Giant fennel. See Ferula.

Giant filbert. See Corylus maxima.

Giant granadilla. See Passiflora
quadrangularis.

Giant Himalayan lily. See Cardiocrinum
giganteum.

Giant larkspur. See Consolida ajacis Giant
Imperial Series.

Giant Mexican cereus. See Pachycereus
pringlei.

Giant onion. See Allium giganteum.

Giant pineapple flower. See Eucomis
pallidiflora.

Giant pineapple lily. See Eucomis pallidiflora.
Giant redwood. See Sequoiadendron
giganteum.

Giant reed. See Arundo donax.

Giant scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea.
Giant snowdrop. See Galanthus elwesii.
Giant Spaniard. See Aciphylla scott-
thomsonii.

Giant stove bush. See Scadoxus puniceus.

Giant timber bamboo. See Phyllostachys
bambusoides.

Giant wood fern. See Dryopteris goldieana.
Ginger lily. See Alpinia; Costus; Hedychium.
Ginger mint. See Mentha x gracilis
'Variegata'.

Gland bellflower. See Adenophora.
Glastonbury thorn. See Crataegus
monogyna 'Biflora'.

Globe amaranth. See Gomphrena globosa.
Globe candytuft. See Iberis umbellata.

Globe daisy. See Globularia.

Globeflower. See Trollius.

Globe thistle. See Echinops.

Gloriosa daisy. See Rudbeckia hirta.
Glorybower. See Clerodendrum.

Glory bush. See Tibouchina urvilleana.

Glory lily. See Gloriosa superba.

Glory of Texas. See Thelocactus bicolor.
Glory-of-the-snow. See Chionodoxa.

Glory of the sun. See Leucocoryne bdoides.
Glory vine. See Eccremocarpus scaber.

Glossy abelia. See Abelia x grandiflora.

Goat's beard. See Aruncus dioicus.

Goat's rue. See Galega.

Goat willow. See Salix caprea.

Goldback fern. See Pityrogramma
triangularis.

Gold dust. See Aurinia saxatilis.

Golden bamboo. See Phyllostachys aurea.

Golden barrel cactus. See Echinocactus
grusonii.

Golden calla. See Zantedeschia elliottiana.
Golden carpet. See Sedum acre.

Golden clematis. See Clematis Sugar Candy
('Evione').

Golden club. See Orontium.

Golden creeping Jenny. See Lysimachia
nummularia 'Aurea'.

Golden dewdrop. See Duranta erecta.

Golden elder. See Sambucus nigra 'Aurea'.
Golden-eyed grass. See Sisyrinchium
califomicum.

Golden-feather palm. See Dypsis lutescens.
Golden flax. See Linum flavum.

Golden foxtail. See Alopecurus pratensis
'Aureovariegatus'.

Golden garlic. See Allium moly.

Golden larch. See Pseudolarix amabilis.
Golden male fern. See Dryopteris affinis.
Golden marguerite. See Anthemis tinctoria.
Golden moss. See Sedum acre.

Golden oak of Cyprus. See Quercus alnifolia.
Golden oats. See Stipa gigantea.

Golden polypody. See Phlebodium aureum.
Goldenrain tree. See Koelreuteria paniculata.
Golden-rayed lily of Japan. See Lilium
aura turn.

Golden rod. See Solidago.

Golden shower. See Cassia fistula.

Golden smoke bush. See Cotinus coggygria
Golden Spirit ('Ancot').

Golden Spaniard. See Aciphylla aurea.
Golden spider lily. See Lycoris aurea.

Golden top. See Lamarckia aurea.

Golden trumpet. See Allamanda cathartica.

Golden trumpet tree. See Tabebuia
chrysotricha.

Golden weeping willow. See Salix x
sepulcralis var. chrysocoma.

Golden willow. See Salix alba var. vitellina.
Goldfish plant. See Columnea gloriosa.
Goldie's fern. See Dryopteris goldieana.
Goldilocks. See Aster linosyris.

Gold lace cactus. See Mammillaria elongata.
Goldleaf Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis
chrysophylla.

Good luck plant. See Oxalis tetraphylla.
Goodyer's elm. See Ulmus minor subsp.
angustifolia.

Gooseneck loosestrife. See Lysimachia
clethroides.

Gorgon's head. See Euphorbia gorgonis.
Gorse. See Ulex.

Gorse. See Ulex europaeus.

Goutweed. See Aegopodium.

Grama grass. See Bouteloua.

Granadilla. See Passiflora.

Granite bottlebrush. See Melaleuca elliptica.
Granny's bonnets. See Aquilegia vulgaris.
Grape. See Vitis.

Grape hyacinth. See Muscari.

Grape ivy. See Cissus rhombifolia.
Grape-leaved anemone. See Anemone
vitifolia.

Grape vine. See Vitis vinifera.

Grass-leaved daylily. See Hemerocallis
minor.

Grass nut. See Triteleia laxa.

Grass of Parnassus. See Pamassia palustris.
Grass tree. See Xanthorrhoea.

Grassy bells. See Dierama pendulum.

Gray alder. See Alnus incana.

Gray fescue. See Festuca glauca.

Grayleaf cranesbill. See Geranium cinereum.
Gray poplar. See Populus x canescens.

Gray's sedge. See Carex grayi.

Great bellflower. See Campanula latifolia.
Great camass. See Camassia leichtlinii.
Greater burnet. See Sanguisorba officinalis.
Greater celandine. See Chelidonium.
Greater pond sedge. See Carex riparia.
Greater quaking grass. See Briza maxima.
Greater spearwort. See Ranunculus lingua.
Greater woodrush. See Luzula sylvatica.
Great white cherry. See Prunus 'Taihaku'.
Great white trillium. See Trillium
grandiflorum.

Grecian strawberry tree. See Arbutus
andrachne.

Grecian windflower. See Anemone blanda.
Greek fir. See Abies cephalonica.

Greek valerian. See Polemonium caeruleum.
Green arrow arum. See Peltandra virginica.
Green ash. See Fraxinus pennsylvanica.
Green earth star. See Cryptanthus acaulis.
Green hellebore. See Helleborus viridis.
Greenleaf manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
patula.

Green Texas spoon. See Dasylirion texanum.

Green-veined orchid. See Anacamptis
morio.

Griffith's leadwort. See Cephalophyllum
pillansii.

Ground cherry. See Physalis.

Ground ivy. See Glechoma hederacea.
Guelder rose. See Viburnum opulus.
Guernsey lily. See Nerine samiensis.

Gum. See Eucalyptus.

Gum plant. See Grindelia.

H

Hackberry. See Celtis.

Hairbrush cactus. See Pachycereus pecten-
aboriginum.

Hair grass. See Deschampsia.

Hairy brome grass. See Bromus ramosus.
Hairy canary clover. See Lotus hirsutus.
Hakone grass. See Hakonechloa.

Hard fern. See Blechnum spicant.

Hard shield fern. See Polystichum aculeatum.
Hardy age. See Ageratina altissima.

Hardy cyclamen. See Cyclamen graecum.
Hardy jasmine. S ee Jasminum nudiflorum.
Hardy kiwi. See Actinidia arguta.

Hardy rubber tree. See Eucommia ulmoides.

Harebell poppy. See Meconopsis
quintuplinervia.

Hare's foot fern. See Davallia canariensis;
Phlebodium aureum.

Hare's tail. See Lagurus.

Hare's-tail grass. See Lagurus ovatus.

Harlequin flower. See Sparaxis.

Harlequin glorybower. See Clerodendrum
thomsoniae.

Harry Lauder's walking stick. See Corylus
avellana 'Contorta'.

Hart's-tongue fern. See Asplenium
scolopendrium.

Harvest brodiaea. See Brodiaea coronaria.

Hawaiian hibiscus. See Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis.

Hawk's beard. See Crepis.

Hawkweed. See Hieracium.

Hawthorn. See Crataegus.

Hawthorn maple. See Acer crataegifolium.

Hay-scented orchid. See Dendrochilum
glumaceum.

Hazel. See Corylus.

Headache tree. See Umbellularia califomica.

Heart leaf. See Philodendron hederaceum ; P.
scandens.

Heartleaf bergenia. See Bergenia cordifolia.

Heartnut. See Juglans ailantifolia var.
cordiformis.

Heart of flame. See Bromelia balansae.

Heartsease. See Viola tricolor.

Heart vine. See Ceropegia linearis.

Heath. See Erica.

Heath aster. See Aster ericoides.

Heath banksia. See Banksia ericifolia.

Heavenly bamboo. See Nandina domestica.

Hedge bamboo. See Bambusa multiplex.

Hedge fern. See Polystichum setiferum.

Hedgehog broom. See Erinacea anthyllis.

Hedgehog cactus. See Echinocereus.

Hedgehog holly. See Hex aquifolium 'Ferox'.

Hedgehog rose. See Rosa rugosa.

Hedge prinsepia. See Prinsepia uniflora.

Heliotrope. See Heliotropium.

Hellebore. See Helleborus.

Helmet flower. See Aconitum napellus.

Hemlock. See Tsuga.

Hemp vine. See Mikania scandens.

Hen-and-chicken fern. See Asplenium
bulbiferum.

Hen and chicks. See Echeveria elegans ; E.
secunda.

Hens and chicks. See Sempervivum
tectorum.

Herald's trumpet. See Beaumontia
grandiflora.

Herb baron. See Thymus herba-barona.

Heropito. See Pseudowintera axillaris.

Herringbone plant. See Maranta leuconeura
'Erythroneura'.

Hiba arborvitae. See Thujopsis dolabrata.

Hickory. See Carya.

Higan cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella.

Highbush blueberry. See Vaccinium
corymbosum.

Hill cherry. See Prunus jamasakura.

Himalayan birch. See Betula utilis.

Himalayan blue poppy. See Meconopsis
grandis.

Himalayan box. See Buxus wallichiana.

Himalayan cinquefoil. See Potentilla
atrosanguinea.

Himalayan cobra lily. See Arisaema
consanguineum.

Himalayan cowslip. See Primula sikkimensis.

Himalayan holly. See Ilex dipyrena.

Himalayan honeysuckle. See Leycesteria
formosa.

Himalayan knotweed. See Persicaria affinis.

Himalayan lilac. See Syringa emodi.

Himalayan maidenhair fern. See Adiantum
venustum.

Himalayan May apple. See Sinopodophyllum
hexandrum.

Himalayan peony. See Paeonia emodi.

Himalayan spruce. S eePicea smithiana.

Himalayan weeping juniper. See Juniperus
recurva.

Hinoki false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
obtusa.

Holford pine. See Pinus x holfordiana.

Holland elm. See Ulmus x hollandica.

Holly. See Ilex.

Holly-fern woodsia. See Woodsia
polystichoides.

Holly flame pea. See Chorizema ilicifolium.
Hollyhock. See Alcea.

Hollyleaf sweetspire. See Itea ilicifolia.
Holly oak. See Quercus ilex.

Holm oak. See Quercus ilex.

Honesty. See Lunaria.

Honey bunny. See Opuntia microdasys
var. albispina.

Honey bush. See Melianthus major.

Honey flower. See Protea repens.
Honeylocust. See Gleditsia triacanthos.
Honey palm. See Jubaea chilensis.

Honey spurge. See Euphorbia mellifera.
Honeysuckle. See Lonicera.

Honeywort. See Cereus hildmannianus
'Monstrosus'.

Hoop-petticoat daffodil. See Narcissus
bulbocodium.

Hop marjoram. See Origanum dictamnus.
Hops. See Humulus.

Hop tree. See Ptelea trifoliata.

Hornbeam. See Carpinus.

Hornbeam maple. See Acer carpinifolium.
Horned poppy. See Glaucium.

Horned tulip. See Tulipa acuminata.
Horned violet. See Viola comuta.
Hornwort. See Ceratophyllum demersum.
Horse chestnut. See Aesculus.

Horseshoe vetch. See Hippocrepis.
Hottentot fig. See Carpobrotus edulis.
Hot-water plant. See Achimenes.
Hound's tongue. See Cynoglossum.
Houseleek. See Sempervivum.

Hubei mountain ash. See Sorbus
hupehensis.

Huckleberry. See Gaylussacia; Vaccinium.
Humble plant. See Mimosa pudica.

Hunangemoho grass. See Chionochloa
conspicua.

Hungarian oak. See Quercus frainetto.
Huntingdon elm. See Ulmus x hollandica
'Vegeta'.

Huntsman's cup. See Sarracenia purpurea.
Hyacinth. See Hyacinthus.

Hyacinth bean. See Lablab purpureus.
Hyssop. See Hyssopus.

Hyssop. See Hyssopus officinalis.

I

Iberis stonecress. See Aethionema
iberideum.

Iceland poppy. See Papaver croceum.

Ice plant. See Carpobrotus; Delosperma.

Illawarra flame tree. See Brachychiton
acerifolius.

Illawarra palm. See Archontophoenix
cunninghamiana.

Immortelle. See Xeranthemum annuum;

X. bracteatum.

Incense cedar. See Calocedrus decurrens.
Incense plant. See Calomeria amaranthoides.
Incense rose. See Rosa primula.

Indian almond. See Terminalia catappa.
Indian bean. See Lablab purpureus.

Indian blanket. See Gaillardia pulchella.
Indian cress. See Tropaeolum majus.

Indian currant. See Symphoricarpos
orbiculatus.

Indian fig. See Ficus benghalensis-, Opuntia
ficus-indica.

Indian ginger. See Alpinia calcarata.

Indian hawthorn. See Rhaphiolepis indica.
Indian horse-chestnut. See Aesculus indica.
Indian laburnum. See Cassia fistula.

Indian physic. See Gillenia trifoliata.

Indian pink. See Dianthus chinensis.

Indian plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis.
Indian strawberry. See Duchesnea indica.
India rubber fig. See Ficus elastica.
Inkberry. See Ilex glabra.

Interrupted fern. See Osmunda claytoniana.
Iris. See Iris.

Irish heath. See Daboecia cantabrica.

Irish ivy. See Hedera hibernica.

Irish moss. See Soleirolia soleirolii.

Irish shamrock. See Oxalis acetosella
var. subpurpurascens.

Irish yew. See Taxus baccata 'Fastigiata'.

729

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Iron cross begonia. See Begonia masoniana.
Ironwood. See Ostrya virginiana.

Italian alder. See Alnus cordata.

Italian alkanet. See Anchusa azurea.

Italian aster. See Aster amellus.

Italian bellflower. See Campanula isophylla.
Italian buckthorn. See Rhamnus alatemus.
Italian clematis. See Clematis Vino ('Poulvo').
Italian cypress. See Cupressus sempervirens
'Stricta'.

Italian ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum.
Italian jasmine. See Solanum seaforthianum.
Italian maple. See Acer opalus.

Italian millet. See Setaria italica S.
macrostachya.

Italian oak. See Quercus frainetto.

Ivy. See Hedera.

Ivy-leaf peperomia. See Peperomia
griseoargentea.

Ivy-leaved maple. See Acer cissifolium.

Ivy-leaved toadflax. See Cymbalaria
muralis.

Ivy-leaved violet. See Viola hederacea.

Ivy of Uruguay. See Cissus striata.

J

J

730

Jaburan lily. See Ophiopogon jaburan.

Jack-in-the-pulpit. See Arisaema triphyllum.

Jack pine. See Pinus banksiana.

Jacobean lily. See Sprekelia formosissima.

Jacob's coat. See Acalypha wilkesiana.

Jacob's ladder. See Polemonium.

Jacob's rod. See Asphodeline.

Jade tree. See Crassula ovata.

Jade vine. See Strongylodon macrobotrys.

Japanese anemone. See Anemone
hupehensis; A. x hybrida.

Japanese apricot. See Prunus mume.

Japanese aralia tree. S eeAralia elata.

Japanese arrowhead. See Sagittaria
sagittifolia.

Japanese arrowroot. See Pueraria lobata.

Japanese aucuba. See Aucubajaponica.

Japanese banana. See Musa basjoo.

Japanese barberry. See Berberis thunbergii.

Japanese bigleaf magnolia. See Magnolia
obovata.

Japanese bitter orange. See Poncirus
trifoliata.

Japanese black pine. See Pinus thunbergii.

Japanese camellia. See Camellia japonica.

Japanese clethra. See Clerodendrum
trichotomum.

Japanese cleyera. See Clethra delavayi.

Japanese climbing fern. See Lygodium
japonicum.

Japanese cryptomeria. See Cryptomeria
japonica.

Japanese fatsia. See Fatsia japonica.

Japanese flowering crabapple. See Malus
floribunda.

Japanese flowering quince. See

Chaenomeles japonica.

Japanese foam flower. See Tanakaea.

Japanese holly. See Dex crenata.

Japanese holly fern. See Cyrtomium
falcatum.

Japanese honeysuckle. See Lonicera
japonica.

Japanese horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
turbinata.

Japanese ivy. See Hedera rhombea.

Japanese lantern. See Hibiscus schizopetalus ;
Physalis alkekengi.

Japanese larch. See Larix kaempferi.

Japanese maple. See Acer japonicum ; A.
palmatum.

Japanese mock orange. See Pittosporum
tobira.

Japanese pagoda tree. See Sophora
japonica.

Japanese painted fern. See Athyrium
niponicum.

Japanese persimmon. See Diospyros kaki.

Japanese poplar. See Populus maximowiczii.

Japanese primrose. See Primula japonica.

Japanese privet. See Ligustrum japonicum.

Japanese red pine. See Pinus densiflora.

Japanese rose. See Rosa rugosa.

Japanese sago palm. See Cycas revoluta.

Japanese silver grass. See Miscanthus
sinensis.

Japanese snowball bush. See Viburnum
plicatum.

Japanese spicebush. See Lindera obtusiloba.
Japanese spindle. See Euonymus japonicus.

Japanese spurge. See Pachysandra
terminalis.

Japanese tassel fern. See Polystichum
polyblepharum.

Japanese umbrella pine. See Sciadopitys
verticillata.

Japanese walnut. See Juglans ailantifolia.
Japanese white pine. See Pinus parviflora.

Japanese winterberry. See Ilex serrata.
Japanese wisteria. See Wisteria floribunda.
Japanese witch hazel. See Hamamelis
japonica.

Japanese yew. See Taxus cuspidata.
Japanese zelkova. See Zelkova serrata.
Japan pepper. See Zanthoxylum piperitum.
Jasmine. See Jasminum.

Jasmine tobacco. See Nicotiana alata.

Jeffrey pine. See Pinus jeffreyi.

Jelly palm. See Butia capitata.

Jersey elm. See Ulmus minor 'Sarniensis'.
Jerusalem cherry. See Solanum
pseudocapsicum.

Jerusalem cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica.
Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis fruticosa.
Jerusalem thorn. See Paliurus spina-christi-,
Parkinsonia aculeata.

Jesuit's nut. See Trapa natans.

Jetbeard. See Rhodotypos scandens.

Jewel box. See Titanopsis calcarea.

Jewel plant. See Titanopsis calcarea.

Job's tears. See Coix lacryma-jobi.

Joe Pye weed. See Eupatorium purpureum.
Johnny-jump-up. See Viola tricolor.
Josephine's lily. See Brunsvigia josephinae.
Joseph's coat. See Alternanthera dentata
'Purple Knight'.

Judas tree. See Cercis siliquastrum.
Juneberry. See Amelanchier.

Jungle flame. See Ixora coccinea.

Jungle geranium. See bcora coccinea.
Juniper. See Juniperus.

K

Kahili ginger. See Hedychium gardnerianum.
Kaki. See Diospyros kaki.

Kamchatka bugbane. See Cimicifuga
racemosa.

Kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos.
Kangaroo vine. See Cissus antarctica.
Kansas gayfeather. See Liatris pycnostachya.
Kapok. See Ceiba pentandra.

Karo. See Pittosporum crassifolium.

Kashmir cypress. See Cupressus
cashmeriana.

Katsura. See Cercidiphyllum japonicum.
Kenilworth ivy. See Cymbalaria muralis.
Kentia palm. See Howea forsteriana.

Kentucky coffee tree. See Gymnocladus
dioica.

Kermes oak. See Quercus coccifera.
Kerosene bush. See Ozothamnus ledifolius.
Kingfisher daisy. See Felicia bergeriana.
King palm. See Archontophoenix.

King protea. See Protea cynaroides.

King's crown. See Justicia carnea.

King William pine. See Athrotaxis
selaginoides.

Kinnikinick. See Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.
Kiwi fruit. See Actinidia deliciosa.
Klapperbos. See Nymania capensis.
Knotweed. See Persicaria.

Kohuhu. See Pittosporum tenuifolium.

Korean abelialeaf. See Abeliophyllum
distichum.

Korean arborvitae. See Thuja koraiensis.

Korean bellflower. See Campanula
takesimana.

Korean fir. See Abies koreana.

Korean forsythia. See Forsythia ovata.
Korean mountain ash. See Sorbus alnifolia.
Korean rock fern. See Polystichum
tsussimense.

Koreanspice viburnum. See Viburnum
carlesii.

Kousa dogwood. See Cornus 'Porlock'.
Kowhai. See Sophora.

Kurrajong. See Brachychiton populneus.
Kusamaki. See Podocarpus macrophyllus.
Kyushu azalea. See Rhododendron
kiusianum.

L

Lablab. See Lablab purpureus.

Labrador tea. See Ledum groenlandicum.
Lace aloe. See Aloe aristata.

Lace aralia. See Polyscias guilfoylei
'Victoriae'.

Lacebark. See Hoheria populnea.

Lacebark elm. See Ulmus parvifolia.
Lacebark pine. See Pinus bungeana.
Lacecap. See Hydrangea macrophylla 'Lanarth
White'.

Lace flower. See Episcia dianthiflora.

Lacquered wine-cup. See Aechmea Foster's
Favorite Group.

Ladder fern. See Nephrolepis cordifolia.
Lad's love. See Artemisia abrotanum.

Lady Banks' rose. See Rosa banksiae.

Lady fern. See Athyrium filix-femina.
Lady-of-the-night. See Brassavola nodosa.
Lady palm. See Rhapis.

Lady's mantle. See Alchemilla.

Lady's slipper. See Cypripedium.

Lady tulip. See Tulipa clusiana.

Lambkill kalmia. See Kalmia angustifolia.
Lambs' ears. See Stachys byzanhna.
Lamb's-tail cactus. See Echinocereus
schmollii.

Lanceleaf coreopsis. See Coreopsis 'Rum
Punch'.

Lancewood. See Pseudopanax crassifolius.
Lantern tree. See Crinodendron
hookerianum.

Larch. See Larix.

Large-leaved linden. See Tilia platyphyllos.
Large merrybeUs. See Uvularia grandiflora.
Large selfheal. See Prunella grandiflora.

Large yellow restharrow. See Ononis
natrix.

Larkspur. See Conophytum truncatum ;
Consolida.

Late Dutch honeysuckle. See Lonicera
periclymenum 'Serotina'.

Laurel. See Prunus lusitanica.

Laurel oak. See Quercus laurifolia.

Laurel willow. See Salix pentandra.
Laurustinus. See Viburnum tinus.

Lavandin. See Lavandula x intermedia (L.

angustifolia x L. latifolia).

Lavender. See Lavandula.

Lavender cotton. See Santolina
chamaecyparissus.

Lawson false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
lawsoniana.

Lead plant. See Amorpha canescens.
Leadwort. See Ceratostigma griffithii;
Plumbago.

Leafy Jacob's ladder. See Polemonium
foliosissimum.

Least cattail. See Typha minima.

Least snowbell. See Soldanella minima.

Least willow. See Salix herbacea.
Leatherleaf. See Chamaedaphne calyculata.

Leatherleaf mahonia. See Mahonia japonica
Bealei Group.

Leatherleaf sedge. See Carex buchananii.
Leatherwood. See Cyrilla racemiflora.

Lemon mint. See Mentha x piperita f. citrata.
Lemon verbena. See Aloysia triphylla.
Lemonwood. See Pittosporum eugenioides.
Lenten rose. See Helleborus x hybridus.

Lent lily. See Narcissus pseudonarcissus.
Leopard lily. See Lilium pardalinum.

Leopard plant. See Farfugium japonicum
' Aureomaculatum'.

Leopard's bane. See Doronicum.

Lesser celandine. See Ranunculus ficaria.
Lesser periwinkle. See Vinca minor.
Leyland cypress. See Cupressus macrocarpa
'Goldcrest'.

Licorice fern. See Polypodium glycyrrhiza.
Licorice plant. See Helichrysum petiolare.
Lijiang spruce. See Picea likiangensis.

Lilac. See Syringa.

Lilac daphne. See Daphne genkwa.

Lilac fuchsia. See Fuchsia arborescens.

Lilac geranium. See Geranium himalayense.
Lily. See Lilium.

Lily-flowered magnolia. See Magnolia
lilii flora.

Lily leek. See Allium moly.

Lily of the palace. See Hippeastrum aulicum.

Lily-of-the-valley. See Convallaria.
Lily-of-the-valley bush. See Pieris japonica.
Lily-of-the-valley tree. See Clethra arborea.
Lily tree. See Magnolia denudata.

Lilyturf. See Liriope; Ophiopogon.

Linden. See Tilia.

Lingberry. See Vaccinium vitis-idaea subsp.
minus.

Lion's ear. See Leonotis leonurus.

Lipstick plant. See Aeschynanthus pulcher.
Lisianthus. See Eustoma grandiflorum.

Littleleaf linden. See Tilia cordata.

Little walnut. See Juglans microcarpa.

Living granite. See Pleiospilos.

Living rock. See Ariocarpus.

Livingstone daisy. See Dorotheanthus
bellidiformis.

Living stones. See Lithops.

Lizard plant. See Tetrastigma voinierianum.
Lizard's tail. See Saururus cemuus.

Lobel's maple. See Acer cappadocicum
subsp. lobelii.

Lodgepole pine. See Pinus contorta
var. latifolia.

Lollipop plant. See Pachystachys lutea.
Lombardy poplar. See Populus nigra 'Italica'.
London plane. See Platanus x hispanica.
London pride. See Saxifraga x urbium.

Longleaf lungwort. See Pulmonaria
longifolia.

Longspur columbine. See Aquilegia
longissima.

Longstalk holly. See Ilexpedunculosa.
Loosestrife. See Lysimachia; Lythrum.
Loquat. See Eriobotrya japonica.

Lorraine begonia. See Begonia 'Gloire
de Lorraine'.

Lotus. See Nelumbo.

Love grass. See Eragrostis.

Love-in-a-mist. See Nigella damascena.
Love-in-idleness. See Viola tricolor.
Love-lies-bleeding. See Amaranthus
caudatus.

Lowbush blueberry. See Vaccinium
angustifolium var. laevifolium.

Lucky clover. See Oxalis tetraphylla.
Lucombe oak. See Quercus x hispanica
'Lucombeana'.

Lungwort. See Pulmonaria.

Lupine. See Lupinus.

Lyre flower. See Dicentra spectabilis.

A/I

Macadamia nut. See Macadamia integnfolia.

Macedonian pine. See Pinus peuce.
Mackay's heath. See Erica mackayana.

Madagascar jasmine. See Stephanotis
floribunda.

Madeira vine. See Anredera.

Madonna lily. See Lilium candidum.
Madrona. See Arbutus menziesii.

Madrone. See Arbutus menziesii.

Magnolia. See Magnolia.

Mahoe. See Melicytus ramiflorus.
Maidenhair fern. See Adiantum capillus-
veneris.

Maidenhair spleenwort. See Asplenium
trichomanes.

Maidenhair tree. See Ginkgo biloba.
Maidenhair vine. See Muehlenbeckia
complexa.

Maiden pink. See Dianthus deltoides.
Majorcan peony. See Paeonia cambessedesii.
Malay ginger. See Costus speciosus.

Male fern. See Dryopteris fUix-mas.

Mallow. See Lavatera; Malva.

Maltese cross. See Lychnis chalcedonica.
Mamaku. See Cyathea medullaris.

Manchu cherry. See Prunus tomentosa.
Mandrake. See Mandragora.

Man fern. See Dicksonia antarctica.

Manipur lily. See Lilium mackliniae.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Manna ash. See Fraxinus omus.

Manna grass. See Glyceria.

Manna gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis.
Manuka. See Leptospermum scoparium.
Manzanita. See Arbutus; Arctostaphylos.
Maple. See Acer.

Mapleleaf begonia. See Begonia dregei ; B.
'Weltoniensis'.

Mapleleaf viburnum. See Viburnum
acerifolium.

Marginal wood fern. See Dryopteris
marginalis.

Marguerite. See Argyranthemum fhitescens.
Marigold. See Calendula; Tagetes.

Mariposa lilies. See Calochortus.

Maritime pine. See Pinus pinaster.
Marjoram. See Origanum.

Marmalade bush. See Streptosolen
jamesonii.

Marsh andromeda. See Andromeda polifolia.
Marsh blue violet. See Viola obliqua.

Marsh fern. See Thelypteris palustris.

Marsh orchid. See Dactylorhiza elata; D.
foliosa.

Marsh trefoil. See Menyanthes trifoliata.
Martagon lily. See Lilium martagon.

Mary's thistle. See Silybum marianum.

Mask flower. See Alonsoa warscewiczii.
Masterwort. See Astrantia.

Mastic tree. See Pistacia lentiscus.

Matilija poppy. See Romneya.

Mayapple. See Podophyllum peltatum.
Mayflower. See Epigaea repens.

May lily. See Maianthemum.

Mayten. See Maytenus boaria.

Meadow cranesbill. See Geranium pratense.
Meadow foam. See Limnanthes douglasii.
Meadow lily. See Lilium canadense.

Meadow phlox. See Phlox maculata.

Meadow rue. See Thalictrum.

Meadow saffron. See Colchicum autumnale.
Meadow saxifrage. See Saxifraga granulata.
Meadowsweet. See Filipendula ulmaria.
Medicinal aloe. See Aloe vera.

Medick. See Medicago.

Medlar. See Mespilus germanica.

Merrybells. See Uvularia.

Mescal button. See Lophophora williamsii.
Metal-leaf begonia. See Begonia metallica.
Mexican abelia. See Abelia floribunda.
Mexican breadfruit. See Monstera deliciosa.
Mexican bush sage. See Salvia leucantha.
Mexican creeper. See Antigonon leptopus.
Mexican cypress. See Cupressus lusitanica.
Mexican daisy. See Erigeron karvinskianus.
Mexican fern palm. See Dioon edule.
Mexican firecracker. See Echeveria setosa.
Mexican flame vine. See Pseudogynoxys
chenopodioides.

Mexican flannel bush. See
Fremontodendron mexicanum.

Mexican foxglove. See Tetranema roseum.
Mexican giant hyssop. See Agastache.
Mexican hat plant. See Kalanchoe
daigremon tiana.

Mexican lily. See Hippeastrum reginae.
Mexican orange. See Choisya ternata.
Mexican stone pine. See Pinus cembroides.
Mexican sunflower. See Tithonia rotundifolia.

Mexican tulip poppy. See Hunnemannia
fumariifolia.

Mexican violet. See Tetranema roseum.
Mexican white pine. See Pinus ayacahuite.
Mexican yellow pine. See Pinus patula.
Mezereon. See Daphne mezereum.
Michaelmas daisy. See Aster.

Mickey Mouse plant. See Ochna serrulata.
Mignonette. See Reseda.

Mignonette vine. See Anredera.
Mile-a-minute plant. See Fallopia
baldschuanica.

Milfoil. See Myriophyllum.

Milkweed. See Asclepias; Euphorbia.
Milkwort. See Polygala calcarea.

Milky bellflower. See Campanula lactiflora.
Mimicry plant. See Pleiospilos bolusii.
Mimosa. See Acacia dealbata.
Mind-your-own-business. See Soleirolia.
Miniature date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii.
Miniature fan palm. See Rhapis excelsa.
Miniature grape ivy. See Cissus striata.

Mint. See Mentha.

Mint bush. See Prostanthera.

Mintleaf. See Plectranthus madagascariensis.
Mirbeck's oak. See Quercus canariensis.

Mist flower. See Ageratina altissima.
Mistletoe fig. See Ficus deltoidea.

Miterwort. See Mitella breweri.

Mixican giant hyssop. See Agastache
mexicana.

Mock orange. See Philadelphus coronarius.
Molly the witch. See Paeonia mlokosewitschii.
Monarch birch. See Betula maximowicziana.

Monarch of the East. See Sauromatum
venosum.

Mondo grass. See Ophiopogon japonicus.
Money plant. See Lunaria annua.

Money tree. See Crassula ovata.

Mongolian linden. See Tilia mongolica.
Monkey cup. See Nepenthes.

Monkey musk. See Mimulus.

Monkey plant. See Ruellia makoyana.
Monkey puzzle. See Araucaria araucana.
Monkshood. See Aconitum.

Monkshood vine. See Ampelopsis
aconitifolia.

Montbretia. See Crocosmia.

Monterey ceanothus. See Ceanothus rigidus
var. rigidus.

Monterey cypress. See Cupressus
macrocarpa.

Monterey pine. See Pinus radiata.
Montpelier maple. See Acer
monspessulanum.

Moonflower. See Ipomoea alba.

Moonlight holly. See Ilex aquifolium
'Flavescens'.

Moonseed. See Menispermum.

Moonstones. See Pachyphytum oviferum.

Moreton Bay chestnut. See

Castanospermum.

Moreton Bay fig. See Ficus macrophylla.

Morning glory. See Ipomoea.

Moroccan broom. See Cytisus battandieri.

Moses-in-the-cradle. See Tradescantia
spathacea.

Mosquito grass. See Bouteloua gracilis.

Moss campion. See Silene acaulis.

Moss phlox. See Phlox subulata.

Moss rose. See Portulaca grandiflora.
Mossycup oak. See Quercus macrocarpa.
Mother-in-law's tongue. See DiefTenbachia;
Sansevieria trifasciata.

Mother-of-pearl plant. See Graptopetalum
paraguayense.

Mother of thousands. See Saxifraga
stolonifera; Soleirolia.

Mother of thyme. See Thymus serpyllum.

Mother spleenwort. See Asplenium
bulbiferum.

Moth orchid. See Phalaenopsis.

Mountain avens. See Dryas.

Mountain bluet. See Centaurea
macrocephala.

Mountain buckler fern. See Oreopteris
limbosperma.

Mountain false lupine. See Thermopsis
rhombifolia.

Mountain fern. See Oreopteris limbosperma.
Mountain flax. See Phormium cookianum.
Mountain fleece. See Persicaria amplexicaulis.
Mountain gum. See Eucalyptus dalrympleana.
Mountain hakea. See Hakea lissosperma.
Mountain heather. See Cassiope
lycopodioides.

Mountain hemlock. See Tsuga mertensiana.
Mountain holly. See Olearia ilicifolia.

Mountain hydrangea. See Hydrangea
serrata.

Mountain laurel. See Kalmia latifolia.
Mountain onion. See Allium oreophilum.
Mountain pansy. See Viola lutea.

Mountain pieris. See Pieris floribunda.
Mountain pine. See Pinus mugo.

Mountain pride. See Penstemon newberryi.
Mountain silver bell. See Halesia monticola.
Mountain sow thistle. See Cicerbita alpina.
Mountain willow. See Salix arbuscula.
Mountain wood fern. See Oreopteris
limbosperma.

Mount Cook lily. See Ranunculus lyallii.
Mount Etna broom. See Genista aetnensis.

Mount Morgan wattle. See Acacia
podalyriifolia.

Mourning iris. See Iris susiana.

Mourning widow. See Geranium phaeum.

Mouse plant. See Arisarum proboscideum.
Moutan. See Paeonia suffruticosa.

Mt. Atlas daisy. See Anacyclus pyrethrum
var. depressus.

Mugo pine. See Pinus mugo.

Mulberry. See Moms.

Mullein. See Verbascum.

Musk. See Mimulus moschatus.

Musk hyacinth. See Muscari neglectum.
Musk mallow. See Malva moschata.

Musk willow. See Salix aegyptiaca.

Myriad leaf. See Myriophyllum verticillatum.
Myrobalan. See Pmnus cerasifera.

Myrtle. See Myrtus.

N

Nailwort. See Paronychia capitata.

Naked coral tree. See Erythrina coralloides.
Nandina. See Nandina domestica.

Nankeen lily. See Lilium x testaceum.
Nanking cherry. See Prunus tomentosa.
Nannyberry. See Viburnum lentago.

Naples onion. See Allium neapolitanum.
Narcissus onion. See Allium narcissiflorum.
Narihira bamboo. See Semiarundinaria
fastuosa.

Narrow beech fern. See Phegopteris
connectilis.

Narrow-leaved ash. See Fraxinus angustifolia
subsp. oxycarpa.

Nasturtium. See Tropaeolum majus.

Natal plum. See Carissa macrocarpa.

Natal ivy. See Senecio macroglossus.
Navelwort. See Omphalodes cappadocica.
Necklace poplar. See Populus deltoides.
Nectarine. See Prunus.

Needle juniper. See Junipems rigida.

Needle spike-rush. See Eleocharis acicularis.
Nepalese ivy. See Hedera nepalensis.

Nerve plant. See Fittonia.

Nettle-leaved bellflower. See Campanula
trachelium.

Nettle-leaved mullein. See Verbascum
chaixii.

New England aster. See Aster novae-
angliae.

New Guinea creeper. See Mucuna bennettii.
New York aster. See Aster novi-belgii.

New Zealand bluebell. See Wahlenbergia
albomarginata.

New Zealand burr. See Acaena.

New Zealand cabbage palm. See Cordyline
australis.

New Zealand Christmas tree. See

Metrosideros robusta.

New Zealand edelweiss. See Leucogenes.
New Zealand flax. See Phormium tenax.

New Zealand honeysuckle. See Knightia
excelsa.

New Zealand tea-tree. See Leptospermum
scoparium.

Ngaio. See Myoporum laetum.

Night-blooming cereus. See Hylocereus
undatus.

Nikko fir. See Abies homolepis.

Nikko maple. See Acer maximowiczianum.
Ninebark. See Physocarpus opulifolius.

Nirre. See Nothofagus antarctica.

Noble fir. See Abies procera.

Nodding catchfly. See Silene pendula.
Nodding lily. See Lilium cemuum.

Nodding trillium. See Trillium cemuum.
Nootka false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
nootkatensis.

Norfolk Island hibiscus. See Lagunaria.
Norfolk Island pine. See Araucaria
heterophylla.

Northern bungalow palm. See

Archontophoenix alexandrae.

Northern catalpa. See Catalpa ovata.
Northern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga
diversifolia.

Northern maidenhair fern. See Adiantum
pedatum.

Northern pin oak. See Quercus ellipsoidalis.

Northern pitch pine. See Pinus rigida.
Northern rata. See Metrosideros robusta.
Northern red oak. See Quercus rubra.

Northern washingtonia. See Washingtonia
filifera.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

North Island edelweiss. See Leucogenes
leontopodium.

Norway maple. See Acer platanoides.
Norway spruce. See Picea abies.

Nosegay frangipani. See Plumeria rubra.
Nun orchid. See Phaius tankervilleae.
Nutmeg yew. See Torreya.

O

Oak. See Quercus.

Oak fern. See Gymnocarpium dryopteris.

Oakleaf hydrangea. See Hydrangea
quercifolia.

Oat grass. See Arrhenatherum.

Obedient plant. See Physostegia.

Oconee bells. See Shortia galacifolia.
Octopus tree. See Schefflera actinophylla.
Ohio buckeye. See Aesculus glabra.

Old blush China rose. See Rosa x odorata
'Pallida'.

Old man. See Artemisia abrotanum.

Old-man cactus. See Cephalocereus senilis.
Old pink moss. See Rosa x centifolia
'Muscova'.

Oleander. See Nerium oleander.

Oleaster. See Elaeagnus angustifolia.

Olive. See Olea europaea.

Opium poppy. See Papaver somniferum.

Orange butterfly bush. See Buddleja
globosa.

Orange cestrum. See Ceropegia haygarthii.
Orange jasmine. See Murraya paniculata.
Orange lily. See Lilium bulbiferum.

Orchid cactus. See Epiphyllum.

Orchid tree. See Bauhinia.

Oregano. See Origanum vulgare.

Oregon grapeholly. See Mahonia
aquifolium.

Oregon maple. See Acer macrophyllum.
Oregon oak. See Quercus garryana.

Oregon plum. See Oemleria cerasiformis.
Oriental beech. See Fagus orientalis.
Oriental photinia. See Photinia villosa.
Oriental poppy. See Papaver orientale.
Oriental spruce. See Picea orientalis.
Oriental sweetgum. See Liquidambar
orientalis.

Oriental sycamore. See Platanus orientalis.
Oriental white oak. See Quercus aliena.

Ornamemtal onion. See Allium.
Ornamental cabbage. See Brassica oleracea
forms.

Ornamental pepper. See Capsicum annuum.
Ornamental yam. See Dioscorea
dodecaneura.

Orris root. See Iris germanica 'Florentina'.
Osage orange. See Madura pomifera.

Oso berry. See Oemleria cerasiformis.

Oval-leaved mint bush. See Prostanthera
ovalifolia.

Ovens wattle. See Acacia pravissima.

Owl's eyes. See Huemia zebrina.

Ox-eye chamomile. See Anthemis tinctoria.
Oxlip. See Primula elatior.

Oyama magnolia. See Magnolia sieboldii.
Oyster plant. See Mertensia maritima.

Ozark sundrops. See Oenothera macrocarpa.

Pacific fir. See Abies amabilis.

Pagoda dogwood. See Comus alba 'Spaethii'.
Pagoda tree. See Plumeria.

Painted daisy. See Tanacetum coccineum.

Painted net leaf. See Fittonia.

Painted net-leaf. See Fittonia albivenis
Vers chaffeltii Group.

Painted trillium. See Trillium undulatum.
Painted wood lily. See Trillium undulatum.
Paleleaf barberry. See Berberis candidula.

Palm tree jack. See Arisaema
consanguineum.

Pampas grass. See Cortaderia selloana.
Panamiga. See Pilea involucrata.

Panda plant. See Kalanchoe tomentosa.

Panicle hydrangea. See Hydrangea
paniculata.

Pansy. See Viola x wittrockiana.

Pansy orchid. See Miltoniopsis.

731

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

P

732

Panther lily. See Lilium pardalinum.
Paperbark maple. See Acer griseum.
Paper-bark tree. See Melaleuca viridiflora
var. rubriflora.

Paper birch. See Betula papyrifera.

Paper mulberry. See Broussonetia
papyrifera.

Paper reed. See Cyperus papyrus.

Papyrus. See Cyperus papyrus.

Parachute plant. See Ceropegia sandersonii.
Paradise lily. See Paradisea.

Parapara. See Pisonia umbellifera.

Parlor ivy. See Senecio mikanioides.

Parlor palm. See Chamaedorea elegans.
Parrot flower. See Heliconia psittacorum.
Parrot leaf. See Alternanthera ficoidea.
Parrot lily. See Alstroemeria psittacina.
Parrot's bill. See Clianthus puniceus.
Parrot's plantain. See Heliconia
psittacorum.

Parry manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
manzanita.

Parsley fern. See Cryptogramma crispa.

Parsons' pink China rose. See Rosa x
odorata 'Pallida'.

Partridgeberry. See Mitchella repens.

Partridge-breasted aloe. See Aloe
variegata.

Pasque flower. See Pulsatilla vulgaris.

Passion flower. See Passiflora.

Patience plant. See Impatiens walleriana.
Pawpaw. See Asimina triloba.

Peach. See Prunus persica.

Peachleaf bellflower. See Campanula
persicifolia.

Peacock flower. See Tigridia pavonia.
Peacock lily. See Kaempferia roscoeana.
Peacock plant. See Calathea makoyana.
Peanut cactus. See Echinopsis chamaecereus.
Pear. See Pyrus.

Pearl bush. See Exochorda.

Pearl everlasting. See Anaphalis
margaritacea.

Pearl fruit. See Margyricarpus pinnatus.
Pearl millet. See Pennisetum glaucum 'Purple
Majesty'.

Pearly everlasting. See Anaphalioides;
Anaphalis.

Peashrub. See Caragana.

Pedunculate oak. See Quercus robur.
Peepul. See Ficus religiosa.

Pelican flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora.
Pendulous sedge. See Carex pendula.

Peony. See Paeonia.

Pepper face. See Peperomia obtusifolia.
Peppermint geranium. See Pelargonium
tomentosum.

Peppermint tree. See Agonis flexuosa.
Pepper tree. See Drimys lanceolata;

Schinus molle.

Pepper-tree. See Pseudowintera axillaris.
Perennial candytuft. See Iberis saxatilis.
Perennial flax. See Linum perenne.
Perennial honesty. See Lunaria rediviva.
Perennial pea. See Lathyrus latifolius;

Lathyrus sylvestris.

Periwinkle. See Vinca.

Persian buttercup. See Ranunculus
asiaticus.

Persian cornflower. See Centaurea cyanus
Baby Series.

Persian everlasting pea. See Lathyrus
rotundifolius.

Persian ironwood. See Parrotia persica.
Persian ivy. See Hedera colchica.

Persian lilac. See Syringa x persica.

Persian maple. See Acer velutinum.

Persian onion. See Allium aflatunense.
Persian shield. See Strobilanthes dyerianus.
Persian stone cress. See Aethionema
grandiflorum.

Persian violet. See Exacum affine.

Peruvian daffodil. See Ismene narcissiflora;

Pamianthe peruviana.

Peruvian lily. See Alstroemeria.

Peruvian mastic tree. See Schinus molle.
Peruvian old-man cactus. See Espostoa
lanata.

Peyote. See Lophophora.

Pheasant's eye. See Adonis vemalis;

Narcissus poeticus var. recurvus.
Pheasant's tail grass. See Stipa lessoniana.
Philippine violet. See Barleria cristata.

Piccabeen palm. See Archontophoenix
cunninghamiana.

Pickerel weed. See Pontederia cordata.
Pigeon berry. See Duranta erecta;

Phytolacca americana.

Piggyback plant. See Tolmiea menziesii.
Pignut. See Carya glabra.

Pignut hickory. See Carya glabra.

Pilot plant. See Silphium laciniatum.
Pimpernel. See Anagallis.

Pin cherry. See Prunus pensylvanica.
Pincushion. See Leucospermum.

Pincushion flower. See Scabiosa atropurpurea.
Pine. See Pinus.

Pineapple. See Ananas.

Pineapple broom. See Cytisus battandieri.
Pineapple flower. See Eucomis.

Pineapple guava. See Acca sellowiana.
Pineapple lily. See Eucomis.

Pineapple sage. See Salvia elegans 'Scarlet
Pineapple'.

Pine-mat manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
nevadensis.

Pink. See Dianthus.

Pink agapanthus. See Tulbaghia violacea.
Pink arum. See Zantedeschia rehmannii.

Pink broom. See Carmichaelia carmichaeliae.
Pink dandelion. See Crepis incana.

Pink lady's-slipper. See Cypripedium acaule.
Pink powder puff. See Calliandra
haematocephala.

Pink sandwort. See Arenaria purpurascens.
Pink trumpet tree. See Tabebuia rosea.

Pin oak. See Quercus palustris.

Pinwheel. See Aeonium haworthii.

Pistachio. See Pistacia.

Pitch apple. See Clusia rosea.

Pitcher plant. See Sarracenia.

Plane. See Platanus.

Plantain. See Plantago.

Plantain lily. See Hosta.

Plover eggs. See Adromischus cooperi.

Plum. See Prunus.

Plume poppy. See Macleaya.

Plum yew. See Cephalotaxus harringtonii;

Prumnopitys andina.

Plush plant. See Echeveria pulvinata.

Plush plant. See Kalanchoe tomentosa.
Poached-egg plant. See Limnanthes
douglasii.

Pocket handkerchief tree. See Davidia
involucrata.

Poet's ivy. See Hedera helix f. poetarum.
Poet's jasmine. S ee Jasminum officinale.
Poet's narcissus. See Narcissus poeticus.
Pohutakawa. See Metrosideros.

Poinsettia. See Euphorbia pulcherrima.

Point Reyes ceanothus. See Ceanothus
dentatus.

Pokeweed. See Phytolacca americana.

Polar plant. See Silphium laciniatum.
Polka-dot cactus. See Opuntia microdasys
var. albispina.

Polka-dot plant. See Hypoestes
phyllostachya.

Pomegranate. See Punica.

Pondweed. See Elodea.

Pontic azalea. See Rhododendron luteum.
Pony-tail. See Beaucamea recurvata.

Poor man's orchid. See Schizanthus.

Poplar. See Populus.

Poppy. See Papaver.

Poppy anemone. See Anemone coronaria.
Portia tree. See Thespesia populnea.

Port Jackson fig. See Ficus rubiginosa.
Portugal laurel. See Prunus lusitanica.
Portuguese heath. See Erica lusitanica.
Possumhaw. See Viburnum acerifolium.
Potato vine. See Solanum laxum.

Potomac cherry. See Prunus x yedoensis.
Pouch flower. See Calceolaria.

Prayer plant. See Maranta leuconeura.

Pretty face. See Triteleia ixioides.

Prickly ash. See Zanthoxylum simulans.
Prickly Moses. See Acacia verticillata.

Prickly pear. See Opuntia hcus-indica.
Prickly poppy. See Argemone mexicana.
Prickly shield fern. See Polystichum
aculeatum.

Prickly thrift. See Acantholimon.

Pride of Bolivia. See Tipuana tipu.

Pride of India. See Lagerstroemia speciosa.
Primrose. See Primula; Primula vulgaris.

Primrose jasmine. See Jasminum mesnyi.
Prince Albert's yew. See Saxegothaea
conspicua.

Prince of Wales heath. See Erica perspicua.
Prince's feather. See Amaranthus
hypochondriacus.

Princess tree. See Paulownia tomentosa.
Privet. See Ligustrum.

Privet. See Ligustrum ovalifolium.

Prophet flower. See Arnebia pulchra.
Prostrate speedwell. See Veronica prostrata.
Provence rose. See Rosa x centifolia.

Provins rose. See Rosa gallica var. officinalis.
Pudding pipe-tree. See Cassia fistula.

Puka. See Meryta sinclairii.

Pukanui. See Meryta sinclairii.

Pukapuka. See Brachyglottis repanda.

Purple anise. See Illicium floridanum.

Purple beech. See Fagus sylvatica f.
atropunicea.

Purple broom. See Chamaecytisus purpureus.
Purple chokeberry. See Aronia x prunifolia.
Purple coneflower. See Echinacea purpurea.
Purple coral pea. See Hardenbergia violacea.

Purpleleaf sand cherry. See Prunus x
cistena.

Purple loosestrife. See Lythrum salicaria; L.
virgatum.

Purple moor grass. See Molinia caerulea.

Purple mountain saxifrage. See Saxifraga
oppositifolia.

Purple orchid tree. See Bauhinia variegata.
Purple osier. See Salix purpurea.

Purple rock brake. See Pellaea atropurpurea.

Purple-stemmed cliff brake. See Pellaea
atropurpurea.

Purple trillium. See Trillium erectum.

Purple velvet plant. See Gynura aurantiaca.
Purple wreath. See Petrea volubilis.
Purslane. See Portulaca.

Pussy ears. See Cyanotis somaliensis;
Kalanchoe tomentosa.

Pygmy date palm. See Phoenix roebelenii.
Pyramidal bugle. See Ajuga pyramidalis.

Pyrenean dead nettle. See Horminum
pyrenaicum.

Pyrenees cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster
cashmiriensis.

Pyrenees thrift. See Armeria juniperifolia.
Pyrethrum. See Tanacetum coccineum.

Q

Quaking aspen. See Populus tremuloides.

Quaking grass. See Briza.

Quassia. See Picrasma quassioides.

Queen Anne's double daffodil. See
Narcissus 'Eystettensis'.

Queen Anne's jonquil. See Narcissus
jonquilla 'Flore Pleno'.

Queen anthurium. See Anthurium veitchii.
Queen lily. See Phaedranassa.

Queen of the meadow. See Filipendula
ulmaria.

Queen-of-the-night. See Hylocereus undatus.

Queen of the night. See Selenicereus
grandiflorus.

Queen of the prairie. See Filipendula rubra.
Queen palm. See Syagrus romanzoffiana.
Queensland nut. See Macadamia integrifolia.

Queensland pyramidal tree. See Lagunaria
patersonii.

Queensland silver wattle. See Acacia
podalyriifolia.

Queen's tears. See BiUbergia nutans.

Queen's wreath. See Petrea volubilis.

R

Rabbit's foot fern. See Phlebodium aureum.
Rabbit tracks. See Maranta leuconeura
'Kerchoveana'.

Rainbow star. See Cryptanthus bromelioides.
Rain daisy. See Dimorphotheca pluvialis.
Rainflower. See Zephyranthes.

Rain lily. See Zephyranthes.

Raisin tree. See Hovenia dulcis.

Ramanas rose. See Rosa rugosa.

Ram's horn. See Proboscidea louisianica.
Rangiora. See Brachyglottis repanda.

Rangoon creeper. See Quisqualis indica.
Rata. See Metrosideros.

Rat's tail cactus. See Aporocactus.

Rat's-tail cactus. See Aporocactus
flagelliformis.

Ratstripper. See Paxistima canbyi.

Rauli. See Nothofagus x alpina.

Red-and-green kangaroo paw. See

Anigozanthos manglesii.

Red angels' trumpet. See Brugmansia
sanguinea.

Red ash. See Fraxinus pennsylvanica.

Red banana passionflower. See Passiflora
antioquiensis.

Red baneberry. See Actaea rubra.

Red bauhinia. See Bauhinia galpinii.
Red-berried elder. See Sambucus racemosa.
Redbird flower. See Euphorbia tithymaloides
'Variegata'.

Red buckeye. See Aesculus pavia.

Redbud. See Cercis.

Red cestrum. See Cestrum aurantiacum.

Red chokeberry. See Aronia arbutifolia.

Red-edge peperomia. See Peperomia
clusiifolia.

Red-flowering gum. See Eucalyptus ficifolia.
Red ginger lily. See Hedychium coccineum.
Red granadilla. See Passiflora coccinea.

Red gum. See Eucalyptus camaldulensis.

Red horse-chestnut. See Aesculus x camea.
Red-hot poker. See Kniphofia; K. uvaria.

Red ink plant. See Phytolacca americana.
Red-leaf philodendron. See Philodendron
erubescens.

Red lungwort. See Pulmonaria rubra.

Red maple. See Acer rubrum.

Red mint. See Mentha x gracilis 'Variegata'.
Red morning glory. See Ipomoea coccinea.

Red mountain spinach. See Atriplex
hortensis var. rubra.

Red orach. See Atriplex hortensis var. rubra.

Red orchid cactus. See Disocactus
ackermannii.

Red osier dogwood. See Comus sericea.
Red passionflower. See Passiflora manicata-,
P. racemosa.

Red pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus.

Red powder puff. See Calliandra
haematocephala.

Red powder puff. See Calliandra
haematocephala.

Red rose of Lancaster. See Rosa gallica
var. officinalis.

Red spider lily. See Lycoris radiata.

Red spike. See Cephalophyllum alstonii.

Red tip. See Photinia x fraseri.

Red tree. See Peperomia metallica.
Red-twigged linen. See Tilia platyphyllos
'Rubra'.

Red valerian. See Centranthus ruber.

Redvein enkianthus. See Enkianthus
campanulatus.

Red whortleberry. See Vaccinium
parvifolium.

Red yucca. See Hesperaloe parviflora.

Regal lily. See Lilium regale.

Restharrow. See Ononis.

Resurrection lily. See Kaempferia rotunda ;
Lycoris squamigera.

Resurrection plant. See Selaginella
lepidophylla.

Reticulated iris. See Iris reticulata.
Rewarewa. See Knightia excelsa.

Rex begonia vine. See Cissus discolor.
Rhubarb. See Rheum.

Ribbon bush. See Hypoestes aristata.

Ribbon gum. See Eucalyptus viminalis.
Ribbon plant. See Dracaena sanderiana.
Ribbonwood. See Hoheria sexstylosa.
Rice-paper plant. See Tetrapanaxpapyrifer.
Rienga lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.
River birch. See Betula nigra.

River red gum. See Eucalyptus
camaldulensis.

River walnut. See Juglans microcarpa.
Roble. See Nothofagus obliqua.

Rock cres. See Arabis.

Rocket candytuft. See Iberis amara.

Rock jasmine. See Androsace.

Rock lily. See Arthropodium cirratum.

Rock penstemon. See Penstemon rupicola.
Rock pincushion. See Leucospermum
reflexum.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Rock rose. See Cistus; Helianthemum.

Rock soapwort. See Saponaria ocymoides.
Rock speedwell. See Veronica fruticans.
Rock spirea. See Petrophytum.

Rock spray. See Cotoneaster horizontalis.
Rocky mountain columbine. See Aquilegia
coerulea.

Rocky Mountain juniper. See Juniperus
scopulorum.

Roman wormwood. See Artemisia pontica.
Roof houseleek. See Sempervivum tectorum.
Roof iris. See Iris tectorum.

Rosa mundi rose. See Rosa gallica
var. officinalis 'Versicolor'.

Rosary vine. See Ceropegia linearis.

Rose. See Rosa.

Rose acacia. See Robinia hispida.

Rose balsam. See Impatiens balsamina.
Rosebud cherry. See Prunus x subhirtella.
Rose cactus. See Pereskia grandifolia.

Rose campion. See Lychnis coronaria.

Rose cress. See Arabis blepharophylla.

Rose daphne. See Daphne cneorum.
Rosemary. See Rosmarinus officinalis.
Rosemary willow. See Salix elaeagnos.

Rose moss. See Portulaca grandiflora.

Rose of China. See Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Rose of Jericho. See Selaginella
lepidophylla.

Rose of Sharon. See Hibiscus syriacus.

Rose periwinkle. See Catharanthus roseus.
Roseroot. See Rhodiola rosea.

Rosinweed. See Grindelia.

Rouen lilac. See Syringa x chinensis.
Round-headed club-rush. See Scirpoides
holoschoenus.

Round-headed garlic. See Allium
spha erocephalon.

Round-leaved mint bush. See Prostanthera
rotundifolia.

Round-leaved wintergreen. See Pyrola
rotundifolia.

Rowan. See Sorbus aucuparia.

Royal azalea. See Rhododendron
schlippenbachii.

Royal palm. See Roystonea.

Royal paulownia. See Paulownia tomentosa.
Royal red bugler. See Aeschynanthus
pulcher.

Rubber plant. See Ficus elastica 'Doescheri'.
Rubber vine. See Cryptostegia grandiflora.
Rue anemone. See Anemonella thalictroides.
Rush. See Juncus.

Russian comfrey. See Symphytum
x uplandicum.

Russian sage. See Perovskia atriplicifolia.
Russian vine. See Fallopia baldschuanica.
Rusty-back fern. See Asplenium ceterach.
Rusty foxglove. See Digitalis ferruginea.
Rusty-leaved fig. See Ficus rubiginosa.

S

Sacred fig. See Ficus religiosa.

Sacred lotus. See Nelumbo nucifera.

Saffron crocus. See Crocus sativus.

Sage. See Salvia.

Sageleaf rockrose. See Cistus parviflorus.
Saguaro. See Camegiea gigantea.

Sailor caps. See Dodecatheon hendersonii.
Saint Lucie cherry. See Prunus mahaleb.
Salal. See Gaultheria shallon.

Sand myrtle. See Leiophyllum bwdfolium.
Sand phlox. See Phlox bifida.

Sandwort. See Arenaria.

Santa Rarbara ceanothus. See Ceanothus
'Southmead'.

Santa Rarbara daisy. See Erigeron
karvinskianus.

Santa Cruz Island buckwheat. See

Eriogonum arborescens.

Sapphireberry. See Symplocos paniculata.
Sargent cherry. See Prunus sargentii.
Sargent's rowan. See Sorbus sargentiana.

Sargent viburnum. See Viburnum
sargentii.

Sasanqua camellia. See Camellia sasanqua.
Saskatoon. See Amelanchier alnifolia.

Satin flower. See Cladanthus arabicus.

Satin poppy. See Meconopsis napaulensis
of gardens.

Saucer magnolia. See Magnolia x
soulangeana.

Sausage tree. See Kigelia africana.

Savin juniper. See Juniperus sabina.

Sawara false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
pisifera.

Sawfly orchid. See Ophrys tenthredinifera.
Saw palmetto. See Serenoa repens.

Sawtooth oak. See Quercus acutissima.
Saxifrage. See Saxifraga.

Scabious. See Scabiosa.

Scarlet ball cactus. See Parodia haselbergii.
Scarlet banana. See Musa coccinea.

Scarlet firethorn. See Pyracantha coccinea.
Scarlet fritillary. See Fritillaria recurva.
Scarlet ginger lily. See Hedychium
coccineum.

Scarlet leadwort. See Plumbago indica.
Scarlet oak. See Quercus coccinea.

Scarlet plume. See Euphorbia fulgens.
Scarlet sumac. See Rhus glabra.

Scarlet trompetilla. See Bouvardia ternifolia.
Scarlet trumpet honeysuckle. See Lonicera
x brownii.

Scarlet turkscap lily. See Lilium
chalcedonicum.

Scented cranesbill. See Geranium
macrorrhizum.

Scented paper-bark. See Melaleuca
squarrosa.

Scent myrtle. See Darwinia.

Scotch broom. See Cytisus scoparius.

Scotch laburnum. See Laburnum alpinum.
Scotch rose. See Rosa spinosissima.

Scotch thistle. See Onopordum.

Scots pine. See Pinus sylvestris.

Scots rose. See Rosa spinosissima.

Scottish flame flower. See Tropaeolum
speciosum.

Screw pine. See Pandanus.

Scrub palmetto. See Sabal minor; Serenoa
repens.

Scrub pine. See Pinus virginiana.

Sea buckthorn. See Hippophae rhamnoides.
Sea daffodil. See Pancratium maritimum.

Sea holly. See Eryngium.

Sea kale. See Crambe maritima.

Sea lavender. See Limonium.

Sea lily. See Pancratium.

Sea pink. See Armeria maritima.

Sea tomato. See Rosa rugosa.

Sea urchin. See Astrophytum asterias.

Sea urchin cactus. See Echinopsis.

Sedge. See Carex.

Selfheal. See Prunella.

Seneca. See Polygala.

Senna. See Cassia.

Sensitive fern. See Onoclea sensibilis.
Sensitive plant. See Mimosa pudica.

Sentry palm. See Howea.

Serbian bellflower. See Campanula
poscharskyana.

Serbian spruce. See Picea omorika.

Serpent cucumber. See Trichosanthes
cucumerina var. anguina.

Serpolet. See Thymus serpyllum.
Serviceberry. See Amelanchier.

Shadblow. See Amelanchier canadensis.
Shadbush. See Amelanchier.

Shag-bark hickory. See Carya ovata.
Shamrock. See Oxalis.

Shasta daisy. See Leucanthemum
x superbum.

Shaving brush plant. See Haemanthus
albiflos.

Sheepberry. See Viburnum lentago.

Sheep laurel. See Kalmia angustifolia.

Sheep's bit. See Jasione.

Sheep's bit scabious. See Jasione laevis.
Shell flower. See Alpinia zerumbet ; Moluccella
laevis ; Pistia stratiotes.

Shell ginger. See Alpinia zerumbet.
Shepherd's scabious. See Jasione laevis.
Shingle oak. See Quercus imbricaria.

Shingle plant. See Monstera acuminata.
Shining sumac. See Rhus copallina.

Shinleaf. See Pyrola.

Shiso. See Perilla frutescens.

Shoo-fly. See Nicandra physalodes.

Shooting stars. See Dodecatheon.

Shore juniper. See Juniperus conferta.

Shore pine. See Pinus contorta.

Showy colchicum. See Colchicum luteum.

Showy crabapple. See Malus floribunda.

Showy geranium. See Geranium x
magnfficum.

Showy stonecrop. See Sedum spectabile.
Shrimp plant. See Justicia brandegeeana.
Shrubby cinquefoil. See Potentilla fruticosa.
Shrubby germander. See Teucrium fruticans.

Shrubby hare's ear. See Bupleurum
fruticosum.

Shrubby penstemon. See Penstemon
fruticosus.

Shrubby restharrow. See Ononis fruticosa.

Shrub verbena. See Lantana.

Shuttleworth ginger. See Asarum
shuttleworthii.

Siberian bugloss. See Brunnera
macrophylla.

Siberian crabapple. See Malus baccata.
Siberian elm. See Ulmus pumila.

Siberian melick. See Melica altissima.

Siberian peashrub. See Caragana
arborescens.

Siberian squill. See Scilla siberica.

Siberian wallflower. See Erysimum x allionii.
Sierra wild ginger. See Asarum hartwegii.
Silk cotton tree. See Ceiba pentandra.

Silk oak. See Grevillea robusta.

Silk tassel bush. See Garrya elliptica.

Silk tree. See Albizia julibrissin.

Silk vine. See Periploca graeca.

Silky wisteria. See Wisteria brachybotrys.
Silver ball cactus. See Parodia scopa.

Silver banner grass. See Miscanthus
sacchariflorus.

Silver beech. See Nothofagus menziesii.

Silverbell. See Halesia.

Silver birch. See Betula pendula.

Silver buffalo berry. See Shepherdia
argentea.

Silver cassia. See Senna artemisioides.

Silver dollar cactus. See Astrophytum
asterias.

Silver dollars. See Lunaria annua.

Silver fir. See Abies.

Silver flea vine. See Fallopia aubertii.

Silver jade plant. See Crassula arborescens.
Silver lace vine. See Fallopia aubertii.
Silver-leaved geranium. See Pelargonium
'Flower of Spring'.

Silver linden. See Tilia tomentosa.

Silver maple. See Acer saccharinum.
Silvermound. See Artemisia schmidtiana.
Silver net-leaf. See Fittonia albivenis
Argyroneura Group.

Silver speedwell. See Veronica spicata
subsp. incana.

Silver torch. See Cleistocactus strausii.

Silver tree. See Leucadendron argenteum.
Silver vase plant. See Aechmea fasciata.
Silver vine. See Actinidia polygama;

Scindapsus pictus 'Argyraeus'.

Silver wattle. See Acacia dealbata.

Silver willow. See Salix alba var. sericea.
Singleseed hawthorn. See Crataegus
monogyna.

Singleseed juniper. See Juniperus squamata.
Sitka spruce. See Picea sitchensis.

Skullcap. See Scutellaria.

Skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton.

Skunkleaf Jacob's ladder. See Polemonium
pulcherrimum.

Sky flower. See Duranta erecta.

Sky plant. See Tillandsia ionantha.

Sky vine. See Thunbergia grandiflora.

Slender deutzia. See Deutzia gracilis.

Slipper flower. See Calceolaria.

Slipper orchid. See Paphiopedilum.

Sloe. See Prunus spinosa.

Small-leaved box. See Buxus microphylla.
Small Solomon's seal. See Polygonatum
biflorum.

Smoke bush. See Cotinus coggygria.

Smooth aster. See Aster laevis.

Smooth cypress. See Cupressus arizonica
var. glabra.

Smooth hydrangea. See Hydrangea
arborescens.

Smooth-leaf elm. See Ulmus minor.

Smooth sumac. See Rhus glabra.

Snail flower. See Vigna caracalla.

Snakebark maple. See Acer capillipes ;

A. davidii; A. grosseri ; A. pensylvanicum;

A. rufinerve.

Snake bush. See Justicia adhatoda.

Snake gourd. See Trichosanthes cucumerina
var. anguina.

Snake palm. See Amorphophallus konjac.
Snake plant. See Sansevieria trifasciata.
Snakeroot. See Polygala.

Snake's-head iris. See Hermodactylus
tuberosus.

Snakeweed. See Persicaria bistorta.
Snapdragon. See Antirrhinum.

Sneezeweed. See Helenium.

Snowball cactus. See Mammillaria bocasana.
Snowbell. See Soldanella.

Snowberry. See Symphoricarpos albus.

Snow bush. See Breynia disticha.

Snowbush rose. See Rosa 'Dupontii'.
Snowdrop. See Galanthus.

Snowdrop tree. See Halesia.

Snowdrop windflower. See Anemone
sylvestris.

Snowflake. See Leucojum.

Snow gum. See Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp.
niphophila.

Snow-in-summer. See Cerastium
tomentosum; Euphorbia marginata.

Snow in the jungle. See Porana paniculata.

Snow-on-the-mountain. See Euphorbia
marginata.

Snow poppy. See Eomecon chionantha.
Snow trillium. See Trillium nivale.

Snowy woodrush. See Luzula nivea.
Soapwort. See Saponaria.

Society garlic. See Tulbaghia violacea.
Solomon's seal. See Polygonatum.

Somber bee orchid. See Ophrys fusca.
Sorrel. See Oxalis.

Sorrel tree. See Oxydendrum arboreum.
Sour gum. See Nyssa sylvatica.

Sourtop blueberry. See Vaccinium myrtillus.
Sourwood. See Oxydendrum arboreum.

South African sage wood. See Buddleja
salviifolia.

Southern beech. See Nothofagus.

Southern bush honeysuckle. See Diervilla
sessilifolia.

Southern catalpa. See Catalpa bignonioides.

Southern Japanese hemlock. See Tsuga
sieboldii.

Southern magnolia. See Magnolia
grandiflora.

Southernwood. See Artemisia abrotanum.
Southern yew. See Podocarpus
macrophyllus.

South Island edelweiss. See Leucogenes
grandiceps.

South Sea arrowroot. See Tacca
leontopetaloides.

Spanish bayonet. See Yucca aloifolia.
Spanish bluebell. See Hyacinthoides

x massartiana (H. hispanica x H. non-scripta).
Spanish broom. See Genista hispanica ;
Spartium junceum.

Spanish chestnut. See Castanea sativa.
Spanish dagger. See Yucca gloriosa.
Spanish flag. See Ipomoea lobata.

Spanish heath. See Erica australis.

Spanish morning glory. See Merremia
tuberosa.

Spanish moss. See Tillandsia usneoides.
Spanish sage. See Salvia lavandulifolia.
Spanish tree heath. See Erica australis.
Spatterdock. See Nuphar.

Speargrass. See Aciphylla.

Speedwell. See Veronica.

Spiceberry. See Ardisia crenata.

Spice bush. See Lindera benzoin.

Spider flower. See Clematis xjouiniana ;
Cleome.

Spider lily. See Hymenocallis.

Spider plant. See Anthericum; Chlorophytum
comosum.

Spignel. See Meum athamanticum.

Spike blazing star. See Liatris spicata.
Spiked speedwell. See Veronica spicata.
Spike heath. See Erica spiculifolia.

Spike winter hazel. See Corylopsis sinensis
'Spring Purple'.

Spindle tree. See Euonymus europaeus.
Spinning gum. See Eucalyptus perriniana.

Spinulose wood fern. See Dryopteris
carthusiana.

Spiny bear's breeches. See Acanthus
spinosus.

S

733

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

S

734

Spiral flag. See Costus.

Spotted bellflower. See Campanula punctata.
Spotted calla. See Zantedeschia albomaculata.
Spotted deadnettle. See Lamium maculatum.

Spotted geranium. See Geranium
maculatum.

Spreading cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster
dielsianus.

Spring adonis. See Adonis vemalis.

Spring beauty. See Claytonia virginica.
Spring crocus. See Crocus vemus.

Spring gentian. See Gentiana vema.

Spring snowflake. See Leucojum vemum.
Spring squill. See Scilla siberica.

Spring starflower. See Ipheion uniflorum.
Spring vetchling. See Lathyrus vemus.
Spruce. See Picea.

Spurge. See Euphorbia.

Spurge laurel. See Daphne laureola.
Squirrel's foot fern. See Davallia mariesii.
Squirrel tail grass. See Hordeum jubatum.
St. Augustine grass. See Stenotaphrum
secundatum.

St. Bruno's lily. See Paradisea.

St. Catherine's lace. See Eriogonum.

St. Dabeoc's heath. See Daboecia cantabrica.
St. John's-wort. See Hypericum.

St. Joseph's lily. See Hippeastrum vittatum.
St. Vincent lilac. See Solanum seaforthianum.
Staghorn fern. See Platycerium.

Staghorn sumac. See Rhus typhina.
Stanford manzanita. See Arctostaphylos
stanfordiana.

Star cluster. See Pentas lanceolata.

Star daisy. See Lindheimera texana.

Starfish cactus. See Orbea variegata.
Starflower. See Hypoxis; Mentzelia.

Star gentian. See Gentiana vema.

Star glory. See Ipomoea quamoclit.

Star jasmine. See Trachelospermum
jasminoides.

Star lily. See Zigadenus fremontii.

Star magnolia. See Magnolia stellata.

Star morning glory. See Ipomoea coccinea.
Star-of-Bethlehem. See Omithogalum.

Stars of Persia. See Allium cristophii.

Statice. See Limonium; Psylliostachys.

St Bernard's lily. See Anthericum liliago.

St Bruno's lily. See Paradisea liliastmm.

St Catherine's lace. See Eriogonum
giganteum.

Sticky Jerusalem sage. See Phlomis
msseliana.

Stiff bottlebrush. See Callistemon rigidus.
Stinking ash. See Ptelea trifoliata.

Stinking Benjamin. See Trillium erectum.
Stinking gladwin. See Iris foetidissima.
Stinking hellebore. See Helleborus foetidus.
Stinking iris. See Iris foetidissima.

Stock. See Matthiola.

Stonecress. See Aethionema.

Stonecrop. See Sedum.

Stone orpine. See Sedum mpestre.

Stone pine. See Pinus pinea.

Stone plant. See Lithops.

Strawberry. See Fragaria.

Strawberry cactus. See Mammillaria
prolifera.

Strawberry geranium. See Saxifraga
stolonifera 'Tricolor'.

Strawberry tree. See Arbutus unedo.
Strawflower. See Rhodanthe; Xerochrysum
bracteatum.

Stream violet. See Viola glabella.

String of beads. See Senecio rowleyanus.
String-of-hearts. See Ceropegia linearis.
Subalpine fir. See Abies lasiocarpa.
Sugarbush. See Protea repens.

Sugar maple. See Acer saccharum.

Sulfur flower. See Eriogonum umbellatum.
Sumac. See Rhus.

Summer cypress. See Bassia scoparia
f. trichophylla.

Summer forget-me-not. See Anchusa
capensis.

Summer holly. See Arctostaphylos
diversifolia.

Summer hyacinth. See Galtonia candicans.

Summer snowflake. See Leucojum
aestivum.

Summersweet. See Clethra alnifolia.

Sundew. See Drosera.

Sundrops. See Oenothera.

Sunflower. See Helianthus.

Sun plant. See Portulaca grandiflora.

Sunrise horse-chestnut. See Aesculus
x neglecta.

Sun rose. See Helianthemum.

Swamp blueberry. See Vaccinium
corymbosum.

Swamp cypress. See Taxodium distichum.
Swamp hickory. See Carya cordiformis.
Swamp lily. See Crinodendron patagua; Lilium
superbum.

Swamp magnolia. See Magnolia stellata.
Swamp pink. See Helonias bullata.

Swan flower. See Aristolochia grandiflora
Swainsona galegifolia.

Swan Biver daisy. See Brachyscome
iberidifolia.

Swan Biver everlasting. See Rhodanthe
manglesii.

Swedish whitebeam. See Sorbus
intermedia.

Sweet alyssum. See Lobularia maritima.
Sweet bay. See Laums nobilis.

Sweetbay magnolia. See Magnolia
virginiana.

Sweet box. See Sarcococca.

Sweet briar. See Rosa rubiginosa.

Sweet buckeye. See Aesculus flava.

Sweet chestnut. See Castanea sativa.

Sweet Cicely. See Myrrhis.

Sweet coltsfoot. See Petasites.

Sweet flag. See Acorns.

Sweet gale. See Myrica gale.

Sweet garlic. See Tulbaghia violacea.
Sweetgum. See Liquidambar.

Sweet gum. See Liquidambar styraciflua.
Sweetheart ivy. See Hedera hibemica
'Deltoidea'.

Sweetheart peperomia. See Peperomia
marmorata.

Sweetheart plant. See Philodendron
scandens.

Sweet olive. See Osmanthus fragrans.

Sweet pea. See Lathyms odoratus.

Sweet pepper-bush. See Clethra alnifolia.
Sweet potato. See Ipomoea batatas.

Sweet rocket. See Hesperis matronalis.

Sweet scabious. See Scabiosa atropurpurea.
Sweetshrub. See Calycanthus floridus.

Sweet sop. See Annona.

Sweet sultan. See Amberboa.

Sweet sultan. See Amberboa moschata.
Sweet viburnum. See Viburnum
odoratissimum.

Sweet violet. See Viola odorata.

Sweet William. See Dianthus barbatus.

Sweet woodruff. See Galium odoratum.
Swiss cheese plant. See Monstera deliciosa.
Swiss stone pine. See Pinus cembra.

Sword brake. See Pteris ensiformis.

Sword fern. See Nephrolepis cordifolia.
Sycamore. See Acer pseudoplatanus.
Sycamore. See Platanus.

Sydney golden wattle. See Acacia longifolia.
Sydney waratah. See Telopea speciosissima.
Syrian juniper. See Junipems dmpacea.
Szechuan birch. See Betula szechuanica.

T

Table fern. See Pteris.

Tacamahac. See Populus balsamifera.

Tail flower. See Anthurium.

Taiwan cherry. See Prunus campanulata.
Taiwan spruce. See Picea morrisonicola.

Tall buttercup. See Ranunculus acris.
Tamarind. See Tamarindus indica.

Tamarisk. See Tamarix.

Tamarisk juniper. See Junipems sabina var.
tamariscifolia.

Tampala. See Amaranthus tricolor.

Tanbark oak. See Lithocarpus densifloms.
Tanekaha. See Phyllocladus trichomanoides.

Tansy-leaved hawthorn. See Crataegus
tanacetifolia.

Tape grass. See Vallisneria spiralis.

Tapertip onion. See Allium acuminatum.
Tarata. See Pittospomm eugenioides.

Taro. See Alocasia macrorrhiza; Collinsia
grandiflora.

Tarweed. See Griselinia.

Tasman celery pine. See Phyllocladus
aspleniifolius.

Tasmanian blue gum. See Eucalyptus
globulus.

Tasmanian cedar. See Athrotaxis.
Tasmanian laurel. See Anoptems
glandulosus.

Tasmanian podocarp. See Podocarpus
alpinus.

Tasmanian sassafras. See Atherosperma
moschatum.

Tasmanian snow gum. See Eucalyptus
coccifera.

Tasmanian tree fern. See Dicksonia
antarctica.

Tasmanian waratah. See Telopea truncata.
Tassel flower. See Amaranthus caudatus;
Emilia coccinea.

Tassel grape hyacinth. See Muscari
comosum.

Tassel maidenhair. See Adiantum raddianum
'Grandiceps'.

Tatarian dogwood. See Comus alba.
Tatarian honeysuckle. See Lonicera tatarica.
Tatar lily. See Ixiolirion tataricum.

Tawny daylily. See Hemerocallis fulva.
Teaberry. See Gaultheria procumbens.

Tea crabapple. See Malus hupehensis.
Tea-oil camellia. See Camellia oleifera.
Teasel. See Dipsacus.

Tea tree. See Leptospermum.

Teddy-bear vine. See Cyanotis kewensis.
Tenby daffodil. See Narcissus obvallaris.
Terebinth tree. See Pistacia terebinthus.
Texas bluebell. See Eustoma grandiflorum.
Texas sotol. See Dasylirion texanum.
Thanksgiving cactus. See Schlumbergera
truncata.

Thatch-leaf palm. See Howea forsteriana.
Thatch screw pine. See Pandanus tectorius.
Thick plant. See Pachyphytum compactum.
Thimbleberry. See Rubus odoratus.

Thornless honey locust. See Gleditsia
triacanthos f. inermis.

Thornless rose. See Rosa 'Zephirine
Drouhin'.

Thousand mothers. See Tolmiea menziesii.
Thread agave. See Agave filifera.

Threadleaf coreopsis. See Coreopsis
tinctoria 'Golden Crown'.

Thread palm. See Washingtonia robusta.
Three birds flying. See Linaria
triornithophora.

Threeflower maple. See Acer triflorum.
Three-leaf akebia. See Akebia trifoliata.

Three-men-in-a-boat. See Tradescantia
spathacea.

Three-veined everlasting. See Anaphalis
triplinervis.

Thrift. See Armeria maritima.

Thyme. See Thymus.

Tickseed. See Coreopsis.

Tickseed. See Coreopsis auriculata 'Superba'.
Tidy tips. See Layia platyglossa.

Tiger flower. See Tigridia pavonia.

Tiger jaws. See Faucaria.

Tiger lily. See Lilium lancifolium.

Tiger orchid. See Rossioglossum grande.
Tingiringi gum. See Eucalyptus glaucescens.
Ti plant. See Cordyline fruticosa.

Tipu tree. See Tipuana tipu.

Toad cactus. See Orbea variegata.

Toadflax. See Linaria.

Toad lily. See Tricyrtis.

Toadshade. See Trillium sessile.

Tobacco plant. See Nicotiana.

Toothbrush grass. See Lamarckia aurea.
Toothed lancewood. See Pseudopanax ferox.
Toothed wood fern. See Dryopteris
carthusiana.

Toothwort. See Lathraea clandestina.

Torch azalea. See Rhododendron kaempferi.
Torch cactus. See Echinopsis spachiana.
Torch lily. See Kniphofia.

Torch plant. See Aloe aristata.
Touch-me-not. See Impatiens balsamina.
Trailing abutilon. See Abutilon
megapotamicum.

Trailing arbutus. See Epigaea repens.
Trailing azalea. See Loiseleuria.

Trailing fuchsia. See Fuchsia procumbens.

Trailing morning glory. See Convolvulus
cneomm.

Trailing velvet plant. See Ruellia makoyana.
Trailing violet. See Viola hederacea.
Transvaal daisy. See Gerbera jamesonii.
Traveler's tree. See Ravenala.

Tree cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster frigidus.
Tree germander. See Teucrium fruticans.
Tree heath. See Erica arborea.

Tree lupin. See Lupinus arboreus.

Tree of heaven. See Ailanthus altissima.

Tree philodendron. See Philodendron
bipinnatifidum.

Tree poppy. See Romneya.

Tree purslane. See Atriplex halimus.

Tree rhododendron. See Rhododendron
arboreum.

Tree tomato. See Solanum betaceum.

Trident maple. See Acer buergerianum.
Trigger plant. See Stylidium graminifolium.
Trinity flower. See Trillium.

Tropical pitcher plant. See Nepenthes.
Trumpet bush. See Tecoma stans.

Trumpet flower. See Bignonia capreolata.
Trumpet gentian. See Gentiana acaulis;

G. clusii.

Trumpet honeysuckle. See Lonicera
sempervirens.

Trumpet vine. See Camp sis.

Tuberose. See Polianthes tuberosa.

Tuckahoe. See Peltandra virginica.

Tufted hair grass. See Deschampsia
cespitosa.

Tufted sedge. See Carex elata.

Tulip. See Tulipa.

Tulip orchid. See Anguloa.

Tulip tree. See Liriodendron tulipifera.

Tunic flower. See Petrorhagia saxifraga.
Tupelo. See Nyssa.

Turkey oak. See Quercus cerris.

Turkish hazel. See Corylus columa.

Turkish mullein. See Verbascum
bombycifemm.

Turkish onion. See Allium karataviense.

Turkish stonecress. See Aethionema
armenum.

Turk's cap cactus. See Melocactus.

Turkscap lily. See Lilium superbum.

Turner oak. See Quercus x tumeri.
Turtlehead. See Chelone.

Tussock grass. See Deschampsia cespitosa.
Twelve apostles. See Neomarica caerulea.
Twinflower. See Linnaea.

Twin-flowered violet. See Viola biflora.
Twinleaf. See Jeffersonia diphylla.

Twinspur. See Diascia barberae.

U

Ulmo. See Eucryphia cordifolia.

Umbrella arum. See Amorphophallus konjac.
Umbrella bamboo. See Fargesia murieliae.
Umbrella leaf. See Diphylleia cymosa.
Umbrella pine. See Pinus pinea.

Umbrella tree magnolia. See Magnolia
tripetala.

Unicorn plant. See Martynia annua;
Proboscidea.

Urn plant. See Aechmea fasciata.

V

Valerian. See Valeriana.

Van Houtte spirea. See Spiraea x vanhouttei.
Van Volxem's maple. See Acer velutinum
var. vanvolxemii.

Variegated apple mint. See Mentha
suaveolens 'Variegata'.

Variegated ground ivy. See Glechoma
hederacea 'Variegata'.

Variegated iris. See Iris variegata.
Variegated Japanese rush. See Acorns
gramineus 'Variegatus'.

Variegated kiwi vine. See Actinidia
kolomikta.

Variegated purple moor grass. See Molinia
caerulea subsp. caemlea 'Variegata'.
Varnish tree. See Koelreuteria paniculata;
Rhus vemiciflua.

Vegetable sheep. See Raoulia eximia.

Vegetable tallow tree. See Sapium
sebifemm.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Veitch fir. See Abies veitchii.

Velour philodendron. See Philodendron
melanochrysum.

Velvet ash. See Fraxinus velutina.

Velvet leaf. See Kalanchoe beharensis.

Velvet sumac. See Rhus typhina.

Venus flytrap. See Dionaea muscipula.
Venus's navelwort. See Omphalodes linifolia.
Vernal iris. See Iris vema.

Vervain. See Verbena rigida.

Vetch. See Hippocrepis.

Victorian rosemary. See Westringia
fruticosa.

Vine maple. See Acer circinatum.

Violet. See Viola.

Violet cress. See Ionopsidium acaule.

Violet trumpet vine. See Clivia nobilis.

Violet willow. See Salix daphnoides.

Viper's bugloss. See Echium vulgare.
Virginia creeper. See Parthenocissus
quinquefolia.

Virginian bird cherry. See Prunus
virginiana.

Virginian stock. See Malcolmia maritima.
Virginia pine. See Pinus virginiana.

Voodoo lily. See Sauromatum venosum.
Voss's laburnum. See Laburnum x watereri
'Vossii'.

W

Wakerobin. See Trillium.

Walking iris. See Neomarica caerulea.
Wallflower. See Erysimum.

Wallich's wood fern. See Dryopteris
wallichiana.

Wall polypody. See Polypodium vulgare.

Wall rock cress. See Arabis alpina subsp.
caucasica.

Walnut. See Juglans.

Wandering Jew. See Tradescantia
fluminensis; T. zebrina.

Wandflower. See Dierama; Galax.

Wapato. See Sagittaria latifolia.

Waratah. See Telopea.

Warminster broom. See Cytisus x praecox
'Warminster'.

Warty barberry. See Berberis verruculosa.
Washington grass. See Cabomba caroliniana.

Washington thorn. See Crataegus
phaenopyrum.

Water arum. See Peltandra virginica.

Water caltrops. See Trapa natans.

Water chestnut. See Trapa natans.

Water chinquapin. See Nelumbo lutea.
Water crowfoot. See Ranunculus aquatilis.
Water fern. See Azolla filiculoides;

Ceratopteris thalictroides.

Water figwort. See Scrophularia auriculata
'Variegata'.

Water forget-me-not. See Myosotis
scorpioides.

Water fringe. See Nymphoides peltata.

Water hawthorn. See Aponogeton
distachyos.

Water hyacinth. See Eichhomia crassipes.
Water lettuce. See Pistia stratiotes.

Waterlily. See Nymphaea.

Water lily tulip. See Tulipa kaufmanniana.

Watermelon begonia. See Elatostema
repens.

Watermelon peperomia. See Peperomia
argyreia.

Water moss. See Fontinalis antipyretica.
Water oak. See Quercus nigra.

Water oats. See Zizania.

Water plantain. See Alisma plantago-
aquatica.

Water poppy. See Hydrocleys nymphoides.
Water rice. See Zizania aquatica.

Water soldier. See Stratiotes aloides.

Water violet. See Hottonia palustris.

Wattle. See Acacia.

Wax flower. See Hoya.

Waxflower. S eeJamesia americana.

Wax mallow. See Malvaviscus arboreus.

Wax plant. See Hoya camosa.

Wax privet peperomia. See Peperomia
glabella.

Wax tree. See Rhus succedanea.

Wayfaring tree. See Viburnum lantana.

Weather prophet. See Dimorphotheca
pluvialis.

Weeping aspen. See Populus tremula
'Pendula'.

Weeping beech. See Fagus sylvatica f.
pendula.

Weeping birch. See Betula pendula 'Tristis'.

Weeping bottlebrush. See Callistemon
viminalis.

Weeping fig. See Ficus benjamina.

Weeping forsythia. See Forsythia suspensa.

Weeping lantana. See Lantana
montevidensis.

Weeping silver linden. See Tilia 'Petiolaris'.

Weeping willow. See Salix babylonica.

Welsh poppy. See Meconopsis cambrica.

Western azalea. See Rhododendron
occidentale.

Western balsam poplar. See Populus
trichocarpa.

Western bleeding heart. See Dicentra
formosa.

Western catalpa. See Catalpa speciosa.

Western dogwood. See Cornus nuttallii.

Western hemlock. See Tsuga heterophylla.

Western maidenhair fern. See Adiantum
aleuticum.

Western milfoil. See Myriophyllum
hippuroides.

Western mugwort. See Artemisia
ludoviciana.

Western prickly Moses. See Acacia
pulchella.

Western red cedar. See Thuja plicata.

Western sword fern. See Polystichum
munitum.

Western tea myrtle. See Melaleuca
nesophila.

Western yellow pine. See Pinus ponderosa.

West Indian jasmine. See Plumeria alba.

Wheatley elm. See Ulmus minor 'Sarniensis'.

Wheel tree. See Trochodendron aralioides.

Whin. See Ulex europaeus.

Whipple's penstemon. See Penstemon
whippleanus.

White ash. See Fraxinus americana.

White asphodel. See Asphodelus albus.

White baneberry. See Actaea pachypoda.

Whitebark magnolia. See Magnolia obovata.

Whitebeam. See Sorbus aria.

White cedar. See Thuja occidentalis.

White Chinese birch. See Betula
albosinensis.

White corallita. See Porana paniculata.

White cup. See Nierembergia repens.

White evening primrose. See Oenothera
speciosa.

White false cypress. See Chamaecyparis
thyoides.

White fir. See Abies concolor.

White gardenia. See Gardenia thunbergia.

White gaura. See Gaura lindheimeri.

White ginger lily. See Hedychium
coronarium.

White hellebore. See Veratrum album.

White hoop-petticoat daffodil. See

Narcissus cantabricus.

White jack. See Arisaema candidissimum.

White jewel plant. See Titanopsis
schwantesii.

White kerria. See Rhodotypos scandens.

White lilyturf. See Ophiopogon jaburan.

White mugwort. See Artemisia lactiflora.

White mulberry. See Morus alba.

White mullein. See Verbascum lychnitis.

White oak. See Quercus alba.

White paintbrush. See Haemanthus albiflos.

White poplar. See Populus alba.

White rock rose. See Cistus x hybridus.

White rosebay. See Epilobium angustifolium
f. album.

White sage. See Artemisia ludoviciana.

White shooting star. See Dodecatheon
dentatum.

White skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton
camtschatcensis.

White snakeroot. See Ageratina altissima.

White spruce. See Picea glauca.

White trumpet lily. See Lilium Iongiflorum.

White velvet. See Tradescantia sillamontana.

White wakerobin. See Trillium grandiflorum.

White willow. See Salix alba.

White wood aster. See Aster divaricatus.

Whiteywood. See Melicytus ramiflorus.
Whitlow-wort. See Paronychia.

Whorled Solomon's seal. See Polygonatum
verticillatum.

Whorlflower. See Morina longifolia.

Widow iris. See Hermodactylus tuberosus.
Wild bergamot. See Monarda fistulosa.

Wild buckwheat. See Eriogonum.

Wild daffodil. See Narcissus
pseudonarcissus.

Wild ginger. See Asarum.

Wild hyacinth. See Triteleia hyacinthina.

Wild Irishman. See Discaria toumatou.

Wild jonquil. See Narcissus jonquilla.

Wild lily-of-the-valley. See Pyrola
rotundifolia.

Wild oats. See Chasmanthe floribunda.

Wild pineapple. See Ananas bracteatus;

Tillandsia fasciculata.

Wild rice. See Zizania.

Wild rum cherry. See Prunus serotina.

Wild rye. See Elymus.

Wild sweet William. See Phlox divaricata ;

P. maculata.

Wild thyme. See Thymus serpyllum.

Wild yellow lily. See Lilium canadense.
Willow. See Salix.

Willow bluestar. See Amsonia
tabemaemontana.

Willow gentian. See Gentiana asclepiadea.
Willow herb. See Epilobium.

Willowleaf cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster
rotundifolius.

Willow-leafed jessamine. See Oestrum
'Newellii'.

Willowleaf podocarp. See Podocarpus
salignus.

Willow-leaved magnolia. See Magnolia
salicifolia.

Willow-leaved pear. See Pyrus salicifolia.

Willow-leaved sunflower. See Helianthus
salicifolius.

Willow moss. See Fontinalis antipyretica.
Willow myrtle. See Agonis flexuosa.

Willow oak. See Quercus phellos.

Willow wort. See Paronychia capitata.
Windflower. See Anemone.

Windmill palm. See Trachycarpus fortunei.
Windowleaf. See Monstera deliciosa.
Winecups. See Babiana rubrocyanea.

Winged thorn rose. See Rosa sericea
subsp. omeiensis f. pteracantha.

Wingnut. See Pterocarya.

Winter iris. See Iris unguicularis.

Winter aconite. See Eranthis hyemalis.
Winterberry. See Ilex verticillata.
Winter-blooming bergenia. See Bergenia
crassifolia.

Winter cherry. See Solanum capsicastrum-,

S. pseudocapsicum.

Winter cress. See Barbarea vulgaris.
Wintergreen. See Gaultheria procumbens ;
Pyrola.

Wintergreen barberry. See Berberis
julianae.

Wintergreen cotoneaster. See Cotoneaster
congestus.

Winterhazel. See Corylopsis.

Winter heath. See Erica camea.

Winter heliotrope. See Petasites fragrans.

Winter honeysuckle. See Lonicera
fragrantissima.

Winter jasmine. See Jasminum nudiflorum.
Winter savory. See Satureja montana.
Winter's bark. See Drimys winteri.
Wintersweet. See Acokanthera oblongifolia-,
Chimonanthus praecox.

Wire-netting bush. See Corokia cotoneaster.
Wishbone flower. See Torenia foumieri.
Witch grass. See Panicum capillare.

Witch hazel. See Hamamelis.

Woad. See Isatis tinctoria.

Wolf's bane. See Aconitum.

Wollemi pine. See Wollemia nobilis.

Wonga wonga vine. See Pandorea
pandorana.

Wood anemone. See Anemone nemorosa.
Wood betony. See Stachys officinalis.
Woodbine. See Lonicera periclymenum.
Wood fern. See Dryopteris.

Woodland phlox. See Phlox divaricata.
Woodland star. See Lithophragma
parviflorum.

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES

Wood lily. See Trillium.

Wood millet. See Milium effusum.
Woodruff. See Asperula.

Woodrush. See Luzula.

Wood sorrel. See Oxalis acetosella.

Wood spurge. See Euphorbia amygdaloides.
Wood vamp. See Decumaria barbara.
Woolly-bearded protea. See Protea
magnifica.

Woolly betony. See Stachys byzantina.

Woolly morning glory. See Argyreia
nervosa.

Woolly thyme. See Thymus
pseudolanuginosus.

Woolly tree fern. See Dicksonia antarctica.
Woolly willow. See Salix lanata.
Wormwood. See Aurtemisia.

XYZ

Yarrow. See Achillea millefolium.

Yatay palm. See Butia.

Yautia. See Xanthosoma.

Yeddo hornbeam. See Carpinus tschonoskii.
Yellow parilla. See Menispermum canadense.
Yellow asphodel. See Asphodeline lutea.
Yellow bells. See Tecoma stans.
Yellow-berried yew. See Taxus baccata
'Lutea'.

Yellow birch. See Betula alleghaniensis.
Yellow buckeye. See Aesculus Sava.

Yellow calla. See Zantedeschia elliottiana.

Yellow chestnut oak. See Quercus
muehlenbergii.

Yellow Chinese poppy. See Meconopsis
integrifolia.

Yellow columbine. See Aquilegia chrysantha.
Yellow elder. See Tecoma stans.

Yellow flag. See Iris pseudacorus.

Yellow flax. See Linum flavum; Reinwardtia
indica.

Yellow floating heart. See Nymphoides
peltata.

Yellow foxglove. See Digitalis grandiflora.
Yellow fritillary. See Fritillaria pudica.
Yellow gentian. See Gentiana lutea.

Yellow-groove bamboo. See Phyllostachys
aureosulcata.

Yellow hawthorn. See Crataegus flava.
Yellowhorn. See Xanthoceras sorbifolium.

Yellow horned poppy. See Glaucium flavum.
Yellow jasmine. See Jasminum humile.

Yellow kangaroo paw. See Anigozanthos
flavidus.

Yellow mariposa. See Calochortus luteus.
Yellow meadow rue. See Thalictrum flavum.
Yellow monkey flower. See Mimulus luteus.
Yellow oleander. See Thevetia peruviana.
Yellow ox-eye. See Buphthalmum
salicifolium.

Yellow palm. See Dypsis lutescens.

Yellow pitcher plant. See Sarracenia flava.
Yellow pond lily. See Nuphar lutea.

Yellow rocket. See Barbarea vulgaris.
Yellowroot. See Xanthorhiza simplicissima.
Yellow scabious. See Cephalaria gigantea.
Yellow skunk cabbage. See Lysichiton
americanus.

Yellow turkscap lily. See Lilium pyrenaicum.
Yellow waxbeUs. See Kirengeshoma palmata.

Yellow whitlow grass. See Draba aizoides.
Yerba linda. See Peperomia rotundifolia.
Yesterday-today-and-tomorrow. See

Brunfelsia pauciflora.

Yew. See Taxus.

Yoshino cherry. See Prunus x yedoensis.

Young's weeping birch. See Betula pendula
'Youngii'.

Youth-on-age. See Tolmiea menziesii.

Yulan. See Magnolia denudata.

Yunnan hackberry. See Celosia argentea
Olympia Series.

Yunnan meadow rue. See Thalictrum
delavayi.

Zebra grass. See Miscanthus sinensis
'Zebrinus'.

Zebra plant. See Aphelandra squarrosa ;
Calathea zebrina.

Zedoary. See Cu rcuma zedoaria.

Zephyr lily. See Zephyranthes.

Zigzag bamboo. See Phyllostachys flexuosa.

Z

735

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Terms printed in italics refer to other
glossary entries.

Acidic [of soil]. With a pH value of less
than 7; see also alkaline and neutral.
Adventitious [of roots]. Arising directly
from a stem or leaf.

Aerial root. See root.

Air-layering. A method of propagation
by which a portion of stem is induced to
root by enclosing it in a suitable medium,
such as damp moss, and wrapping it
with plastic; roots will form if the moss
is kept moist.

Alkaline [of soil]. With a pH value of
more than 7; some plants will not tolerate
alkaline soils and must be grown in neutral
or acidic soil.

Alpine house. An unheated greenhouse,
used for the cultivation of mainly alpine
and bulbous plants, that provides greater
ventilation and usually more light than a
conventional greenhouse.

Alternate [of leaves]. Borne singly
at each node, on either side of a stem.
Annual. A plant that completes its life
cycle, from germination through to
flowering and seeding and then death,
in one growing season.

Anther. The part of a stamen that produces
pollen; it is usually borne on a filament.
Apex. The tip or growing point of an
organ such as a leaf or shoot.

Areole. A modified, cushionlike
tubercle, peculiar to the family Cactaceae,
that bears hairs, spines, leaves, side-
branches, or flowers.

Asclepiad. A member of the family
Asclepiadaceae, e.g., Asclepias, Hoya,
Stephanotis.

Auricle. An earlike lobe such as is
sometimes found at the base of a leaf.

Awn. A stiff, bristlelike projection
commonly found on grass seeds
and spikelets.

Axil. The angle between a leaf and stem
where an axillary bud develops.

Bedding plant. A plant that is mass-
planted to provide a temporary display.
Biennial. A plant that flowers, seeds,
and dies in the second season after
germination, producing only stems,
roots, and leaves in the first season.

Blade. The flattened and often broad
part of a leaf.

Bloom. 1. A flower or blossom.

2. A fine, waxy, whitish or bluish-white
coating on stems, leaves, or fruits.

Bog garden. An area where the soil is kept
permanently damp but not waterlogged.
Bole. The trunk of a tree from ground
level to the first major branch.

Bolt. To produce flowers and seed
prematurely, particularly in the case
of vegetables such as lettuce and beets.
Bonsai. A method of producing dwarf
trees or shrubs by special techniques that
include pruning roots, pinching out shoots,
removing growth buds, and training
branches and stems.

Bract. A modified leaf at the base of
a flower or flower cluster. Bracts may
736 resemble normal leaves or be reduced
I and scalelike in appearance; they are

often large and brightly colored.

Bud. A rudimentary or condensed shoot
containing embryonic leaves or flowers.
Bulb. A storage organ consisting mainly
of fleshy scales and swollen, modified
leaf-bases on a much reduced stem. Bulbs
usually, but not always, grow underground.
Bulbil. A small, bulbhke organ, often
borne in a leaf axil, occasionally in a flower
head; it may be used for propagation.
Bulblet. A small bulb produced at the base
of a mature one.

Bur. 1. A prickly or spiny fruit, or
aggregate of fruits. 2. A woody outgrowth
on the stems of certain trees.

Cactus (pi. cacti). A member of the family
Cactaceae, often succulent and spiny.

Calyx (pi. calyces). The outer part of
a flower, usually small and green but
sometimes showy and brightly colored,
that encloses the petals in bud and is
formed from the sepals.

Capsule. A dry fruit that splits open when
ripe to release its seeds.

Carpel. The female portion of a flower, or
part of it, consisting of an ovary, stigma,
and style.

Catkin. A flower cluster, normally
pendulous. Flowers lack petals, are often
stalkless, surrounded by scalelike bracts,
and are usually unisexual.

Caudex (pi. caudices). The stem base of a
woody plant such as a palm or tree fern.
Cladode. A stem, often flattened, with the
function and appearance of a leaf.

Claw. The narrow, basal portion of petals
in some genera, e.g., Dianthus.

Climber. A plant that climbs using other
plants or objects as a support: a leaf-stalk
climber by coiling its leaf stalks around
supports; a root climber by producing
aerial, supporting roots; a self-clinging
climber by means of suckering pads; a
tendril climber by coiling its tendrils;
a twining climber by coiling stems.
Scandent, scrambling, and trailing
climbers produce long stems that grow
over plants or other supports; they attach
themselves only loosely, if at all.

Clone. A group of genetically identical
plants, propagated vegetatively.
Compound. Made up of several or many
parts, e.g. a leaf divided into 2 or more
leaflets.

Cone. The clustered flowers or woody,
seed-bearing structures of a conifer.
Coppice. To cut back to near ground level
each year in order to produce vigorous,
ornamental shoots, as is usual with some
Cornus and Eucalyptus.

Cordon. A trained plant restricted in
growth to one main stem, occasionally
2-4 stems.

Corm. A bulblike, underground storage
organ consisting mainly of a swollen
stem base and often surrounded by a
papery tunic.

Cormlet. A small corm arising at the base
of a mature one.

Corolla. The part of a flower formed by
the petals.

Corona (crown). A petal-like outgrowth
sometimes borne on the corolla, e.g., the
trumpet or cup of a Narcissus.

Corymb. A racemose flower cluster
in which the inner flower stalks are shorter
than the outer, resulting in a rounded or
flat-topped head.

Cotyledon. See seed leaf.

Creeper. A plant that grows close to the
ground, usually rooting as it spreads.
Crisped. Minutely wavy-edged.

Crown. 1. The part of the plant at or just
below the soil surface from which new
shoots are produced and to which they
die back in fall. 2. The upper, branched
part of a tree above the bole. 3. A corona.
Culm. The usually hollow stem of a grass
or bamboo.

Cutting. A section of a plant that is
removed and used for propagation.

The various types of cutting are: basal—
taken from the base of a plant (usually
herbaceous) as it begins to produce
growth in spring; greenwood —made
from the tip of young growth;
hardwood —mature wood taken at the
end of the growing season; leaf —a
detached leaf or part of a leaf; root —part
of a semimature or mature root;
semiripe —half-ripened wood taken
during the growing season; softwood—
young growth taken at the beginning of
the growing season; stem —a greenwood,
hardwood, semiripe, or softwood cutting;
tip —a greenwood cutting.

Cyme. A flower cluster in which each
growing point terminates in a flower.
Dead-head. To remove spent flower
heads so as to promote further growth
or flowering, prevent seeding, or improve
appearance.

Deciduous. Losing its leaves annually
at the end of the growing season; semi-
deciduous plants lose only some leaves.
Decumbent. Growing close to the ground
but ascending at the tips.

Dentate. With toothed margins.

Dieback. Death of the tips of shoots due
to frost or disease.

Dioecious. Bearing male and female
flowers on separate plants.

Disbud. To remove surplus buds to
promote larger flowers or fruits.

Disk floret, disk flower. A small and
often inconspicuous, usually tubular
flower, one of many that comprise the
central portion of a composite flower
head such as a daisy.

Division. A method of propagation by
which a clump is divided into several
parts during dormancy.

Elliptic [of leaves]. Broadening in the
center and narrowing toward each end.
Entire [of leaves]. With untoothed margins.
Epiphyte. A plant that grows on the
surface of another without being parasitic.
Evergreen. Retaining its leaves at
the end of the growing season although
losing some older leaves regularly
throughout the year; semievergreen
plants retain only some leaves or lose
older leaves only when the new growth
is produced.

FI hybrid. The first generation derived
from crossing 2 distinct plants, usually
when the parents are purebred lines and
the offspring are vigorous. Seed from FI
hybrids does not come true to type.

Fall. An outer perianth segment of an iris,
which projects outward or downward from
the inner segments.

Fan palm. A palm with palmate rather
than pinnate leaves.

Farina. A powdery, white, sometimes
yellowish deposit naturally occurring on
some leaves and flowers.

Fibrous root. A fine, young root, usually
one of many.

Filament. The stalk of an anther.

Floret. A single flower in a head of many
flowers.

Flower. The basic flower forms are:
single, with one row of usually 4-6 petals;
semidouble, with more petals, usually
in 2 rows; double, with many petals in
several rows and few or no stamens; fully
double, usually rounded in shape, with
densely packed petals and the stamens
absent or obscured.

Flower head. A mass of small flowers or
florets that together appear as one flower,
e.g., a daisy.

Force. To induce artificially the early
production of growth, flowers, or fruits.
Frond. The leaflike organ of a fern. Some
ferns produce both barren and fertile
fronds, the fertile fronds bearing spores.
Fruit. The structure in plants that bears
one or more ripe seeds, e.g., a berry or nut.
Glabrous. Not hairy.

Glaucous. Bluish-white, bluish-green, or
bluish-gray.

Globose. Spherical.

Glochid. One of the barbed bristles or hairs,
usually small, borne on a cactus areole.
Grafting. A method of propagation by
which an artificial union is made between
different parts of individual plants; usually
the shoot (scion) of one is grafted onto the
rootstock (stock) of another.

Heel. The small portion of old wood that
is retained at the base of a cutting when
it is removed from the stem.

Herbaceous. Dying down at the end
of the growing season.

Hose-in-hose [of flowers]. With one
corolla borne inside another, forming
a double or semidouble flower.
Inflorescence. A cluster of flowers with a
distinct arrangement, e.g., corymb, cyme,
panicle, raceme, spike, umbel.
Insectivorous plant. A plant that traps
and digests insects and other small
animals to supplement its nutrient intake.
Key. A winged seed like those produced by
the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus).
Lateral. A side growth that arises from
the side of a shoot or root.

Layering. A method of propagation
by which a stem is induced to root by
being pegged down into the soil while
it is still attached to the parent plant.

See also air-layering.

Leaflet. The subdivision of a
compound leaf.

Lenticel. A small, usually corky area on
a stem or other part of a plant, which acts
as a breathing pore.

Lime. Compounds of calcium; the amount
of lime in soil determines whether it is
alkaline, neutral, or acidic.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Linear [of leaves]. Very narrow with
parallel sides.

Lip. A lobe comprising 2 or more flat or
sometimes pouched perianth segments.
Loam. Well-structured, fertile soil that is
moisture-retentive but free-draining.
Marginal water plant. A plant that
grows partially submerged in shallow
water or in moist soil at the edge of a pond.
Midrib. The main, central vein of a leaf or
the central stalk to which the leaflets of a
pinnate leaf are attached.

Monocarpic. Flowering and fruiting only
once before dying; such plants may take
several years to reach flowering size.
Mulch. A layer of organic matter applied
to the soil over or around a plant to
conserve moisture, protect the roots from
frost, reduce the growth of weeds, and
enrich the soil.

Naturalize. To establish and grow as if
in the wild.

Nectar. A sweet, sugary liquid secreted
by the nectary—glandular tissue usually
found in the flower but sometimes found
on the leaves or stems.

Neutral [of soil]. With a pH value of 7,
the point at which soil is neither acidic
nor alkaline.

Node. The point on a stem from which a
leaf or leaves arise.

Offset. A small plant that arises by natural
vegetative reproduction, usually at the
base of the mother plant.

Opposite [of leaves]. Borne 2 to each node,
one opposite the other.

Ovary. The part of the female portion of
the flower, containing embryonic seeds,
that will eventually form the fruit.

Palm. An evergreen tree or shrublike
plant, normally single-stemmed, with
palmate or pinnate leaves usually in
terminal rosettes; strictly a member
of the family Palmae.

Palmate. Lobed in the fashion of a hand,
with 5 lobes arising from the same point.
Pan. A shallow, free-draining pot in which
alpine plants or bulbs are grown.

Panicle. A branched raceme.

Papilla (pi. papillae). A minute
protuberance or glandlike structure.
Pealike [of flowers]. Of the same
structure as a pea flower.

Peat bed. A specially constructed area,
edged with peat blocks and containing
moisture-retentive, acidic, peaty soil.
Pedicel. The stalk of an individual flower.
Peduncle. The stalk of a flower cluster.
Peltate [of leaves]. Shield-shaped, with the
stalk inserted toward or at the center of
the blade and not at the margin.
Perennial. Living for at least 3 seasons.

In this book the term when used as a
noun, and unless qualified, denotes an
herbaceous perennial. A woody-based
perennial dies down only partially, leaving
a woody stem at the base.

Perianth. The outer parts of the flower
comprising the calyx and the corolla. The
term is often used when the calyx and
the corolla are very similar in form.
Perianth segment. One portion of
the perianth, resembling a petal and
sometimes known as a tepal.

Petal. One portion of the often showy
and colored part of the corolla. In some
families, e.g., Liliaceae, the perianth
segments are petal-like and referred
to horticulturally as petals.

Petaloid. Like a petal.

Petiole. The stalk of a leaf.
pH. The scale by which the acidity or
alkalinity of soil is measured. See also
acidic, alkaline, neutral.

Phyllode. A flattened leaf stalk, which
functions as and resembles a leaf.

Pinch out. To remove the growing tips
of a plant to induce the production of
side shoots.

Pinna (pi. pinnae). The primary division
of a pinnate leaf. The fertile pinnae of ferns
produce spores; vegetative pinnae do not.
Pinnate [of leaves]. Compound, with
leaflets arranged on opposite sides of
a central stalk.

Pistil. The female part of a flower
comprising the ovary, stigma, and style.
Pollard [of a tree]. To cut back to its main
branches in order to restrict growth.
Pollination. The transfer of pollen from
the anthers to the stigma of the same or
different flowers, resulting in fertilization
of the embryonic seeds in the ovary.
Procumbent. Prostrate, creeping along
the ground.

Raceme. An unbranched flower cluster
with several or many stalked flowers borne
singly along a main axis, the youngest at
the apex.

Ray floret, ray flower. One of the flowers,
usually with strap-shaped petals, that
together form the outer ring of flowers in
a composite flower head such as a daisy.
Ray petal. The petal or fused petals, often
showy, of a ray floret.

Recurved. Curved backward.

Reflexed. Bent sharply backward.

Revert. To return to its original state, as
when a plain green leaf is produced on a
variegated plant.

Rhizome. An underground, creeping
stem that acts as a storage organ and bears
leafy shoots.

Root. The part of a plant, normally
underground, that functions as anchorage
and through which water and nutrients
are absorbed. An aerial root emerges
from the stem at some distance above
the soil level.

Rootball. The roots and accompanying
soil or compost visible when a plant
is lifted.

Rootstock. A well-rooted plant onto
which a scion is grafted; see grafting.
Rosette. A group of leaves radiating
from approximately the same point, often
borne at ground level at the base of a very
short stem.

Runner. A horizontally spreading, usually
slender stem that forms roots at each node;
often confused with stolon.

Scale. 1. A reduced or modified leaf. 2. Part
of a conifer cone.

Scandent. See climber.

Scarify. To scar the coat of a seed by
abrasion in order to speed water intake
and hence germination.

Scion. See grafting.

Scree. An area composed of a deep layer
of stone chips mixed with a small amount
of loam. It provides extremely sharp
drainage for plants that resent moisture
at their base.

Seed head. Any usually dry fruit that
contains ripe seeds.

Seed leaf (cotyledon). The first leaf, pair
of leaves, or occasionally group of leaves

produced by a seed as it germinates. In
some plants they remain below ground.
Self-seed. To produce seedlings around
the parent plant.

Sepal. Part of a calyx, usually insignificant
but sometimes showy.

Series. The name applied to a group
of similar but not identical plants,
usually annuals, linked by one or more
common features.

Sessile. Without a stalk.

Sheath. A cylindrical structure that
surrounds or encircles, partially or fully,
another plant organ such as a stem.

Shoot. The aerial part of a plant that bears
leaves. A side shoot arises from the side of
a main shoot.

Shrub. A plant with woody stems, usually
well-branched from or near the base.
Shy-flowering. Reluctant to flower;
producing few flowers.

Simple [of leaves]. Not divided into leaflets.
Soft-stemmed. The opposite of woody-
stemmed.

Spadix (pi. spadices ). A spike like flower
cluster that is usually fleshy and bears
numerous small flowers. Spadices are
characteristic of the family Araceae,
e.g.. Arum.

Spathe. A large bract, or sometimes 2,
frequently colored and showy, that
surrounds a spadix (as in Arum ) or an
individual flower bud (as in Narcissus ).
Sphagnum. Mosses common to bogs;
their moisture-retentive character makes
them ideal components of some growing
media. They are used particularly for
orchid cultivation.

Spike. A racemose flower cluster with
several or many unstalked flowers borne
along a common axis.

Spikelet. 1. The flowering unit of grasses
comprising one or several flowers with
basal bracts. 2. A small spike, part of a
branched flower cluster.

Spore. The minute reproductive structure
of flowerless plants, e.g., ferns, fungi,
and mosses.

Sporangium (pi. sporangia). A body that
produces spores.

Sport. A mutation, caused by an accidental
or induced change in the genetic makeup
of a plant, which gives rise to a shoot with
different characteristics from those of the
parent plant.

Spur. 1. A hollow projection from a petal,
often producing nectar. 2. A short stem
bearing a group of flower buds such as is
found on fruit trees.

Spur back. To cut back side shoots to
within 2 or 3 buds of the main shoot.
Stamen. The anther and filament.
Standard. 1. A tree or shrub with a
clear length of bare stem below the first
branches. Certain shrubs, e.g., roses and
fuchsias, may be trained to form standards.

2. One of the 3 inner and often erect
perianth segments of the iris flower.

3. The larger, usually upright back petal
of a flower in the family Leguminosae,
e.g., Lathyrus.

Stapeliad. A member of the genus Stapelia
and closely related genera of the family
Asclepiadaceae.

Stem segment. A portion of a jointed
stem between 2 nodes, most frequently
occurring in cacti.

Sterile. Infertile, not bearing spores,

I pollen, seeds, etc.

Stigma. The part of the female portion of
the flower, borne at the tip of the style, that
receives pollen.

Stipule. A small scale, or leaflike
appendage, usually one of a pair, mostly
borne at a node or below a leaf stalk.

Stock. See rootstock.

Stolon. A horizontally spreading or
arching stem, usually above ground, which
roots at its tip to produce a new plant.

Stop. To remove certain growing points of
a plant so as to control growth or the size
and number of flowers.

Stratify. To break the dormancy of some
seeds by exposing them to a period of cold.
Style. The part of the flower on which the
stigma is borne.

Subglobose. Almost spherical.

Subshrub. A plant that is woody at the
base although the terminal shoots die back
in winter.

Succulent. A plant with thick, fleshy leaves
and/or stems; in this book, it is evergreen
unless otherwise stated.

Sucker. A shoot that arises from below
ground level, directly from the root or
rootstock.

Summer-deciduous. Losing its leaves
naturally in summer.

Taproot. The main, downward-growing
root of a plant; it is also applied generally
to any strong, downward-growing root.
Tendril. A threadlike structure, used to
provide support; see also climber.

Tooth. A small, marginal, often pointed
lobe on a leaf, calyx, or corolla.

Tepal. See perianth segment.

Tree. A woody plant usually having a
well-defined trunk or stem with a head
of branches above.

Trifoliate. With 3 leaves; loosely, with
3 leaflets; trifoliolate, with 3 leaflets.

True [of seedlings]. Retaining the
distinctive characteristics of the parent
when raised from seed.

Truss. A compact cluster of flowers,
often large and showy, e.g., those of
pelargoniums and rhododendrons.

Tuber. A thickened, usually underground,
storage organ derived from a stem or root.
Tubercle. A small, rounded protuberance;
see also areole.

Turion. 1. A bud on a rhizome. 2. A fleshy,
overwintering bud found on certain
water plants.

Umbel. A usually flat-topped or rounded
flower cluster in which the individual
flower stalks arise from a central point.

In a compound umbel, each primary stalk
ends in an umbel.

Upright [of habit]. With vertical or semi¬
vertical main branches.

Water bud. See turion.

Whorl. The arrangement of 3 or more
organs arising from the same point.
Winged [of seeds or fruits]. Having a
marginal flange or membrane.
Woody-stemmed. With a stem composed
of woody fibers and therefore persistent, as
opposed to soft-stemmed and herbaceous.
A semiwoody stem contains some softer
tissue and may be only partially persistent.

x The sign used to denote a hybrid plant
derived from the crossing of 2 or more
botanically distinct plants.

+ The sign used to denote a graft hybrid;
see grafting.

737

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

738

Special thanks to John R.L. Carter for
pictures of water plants; Tony Russell
for his tree and shrub photography;

Dr Evelyn Stevens for her help with
Meconopsis entries and images, and also
to Julian Shaw for additional help and
support throughout the preparation of
the 5th edition.

The publisher would like to thank the
following for their kind permission to
reproduce their photographs.

Illustrations elsewhere in the book
use the key: a-above; b-below/bottom;
c-centre; f-far; 1-left; r-right; t-top.

Every effort has been made to trace the
copyright holders. Dorling Kindersley
apologizes for unintentional ommissions,
and would be pleased, if any such case
should arise, to add an appropriate
acknowledgment in future editions.

2 Corbis: Eric Crichton. 3 Getty
Images: Gyro Photography/amanaimages
RF. 4 Getty Images: Evan Sklar.

6 Corbis: Radius Images. 12-13 GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom/Design: Adrian
Bloom. 13 GAP Photos: Jerry Harpur/
Design: Andy Sturgeon, RHS Chelsea
Flower Show 2006 (tl). Clive Nichols:
Pettifers Garden, Oxfordshire (ftr).

14 Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus. 15 Clive
Nichols: Lady Farm, Somerset: Designer,
Judy Pearce (t). Photolibrary: Friedrich
Strauss (b). 16 GAP Photos: Marcus
Harpur (t). Getty Images: John Glover
(be). Clive Nichols: Designer: Dominic
Skinner (bl). 17 Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/
Susanne Blair (t); Marianne Majerus/RHS
Hyde Hall Garden (br). 18 Clive Nichols:
Design: Ivan Tucker (b). Photolibrary:
Ellen Rooney (t). 19 Photolibrary: Allan
Mandell (tl). 20 Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/
Hermannshof, Weinheim, Germany /
Cassian Schmidt (b). Clive Nichols:
Wollerton Old Hall, Shropshire (t).

21 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski (era);
Martin Hughes-Jones (br). Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Andrew
Lawson/Piet Oudolf/Bury Court, Hants,
(bl). 22 GAP Photos: Designer: Marcus
Barnett and Philip Nixon (bl); Location:
The Summer Garden, Bressingham
Gardens, Norfolk, UK (br). Clive
Nichols: Pettifers Garden, Oxfordshire
(cr); Winkworth Arboretum, Surrey (tr).

23 Clive Nichols: (tr, cr, erb, br).

24 GAP Photos: Matt Anker (tl);
Jonathan Buckley, DesigmCarol and
Malcolm Skinner (br). Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus (clb). Clive Nichols: (cl, bl).

25 GAP Photos: (br); Friedrich Strauss
(be). Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Bennet Smith (bl). 32 GAP
Photos: S & O. 34 Alamy Images: Arco
Images GmbH (c). GAP Photos: John
Glover (bl). 35 GAP Photos: Dave
Zubraski (br). 36 Alamy Images:
Florapix (br). 37 GAP Photos: John
Glover (br). 38-39 GAP Photos: Jerry
Harpur, Design: Naila Green. 39 Getty
Images: Martin Page (c). 40 GAP
Photos: Carole Drake (t). Photolibrary:
Garden Pix LTD (b). 41 GAP Photos:
Adrian Bloom (tr); Neil Holmes (cr).

42 GAP Photos: Neil Holmes (cl).
Garden World Images: T Sims (cr).

43 Alamy Images: John Glover (tc).

GAP Photos: Nicola Browne, Design:
Bernard Hicks (cr). 44 GAP Photos:
Carole Drake, Location: Sir Harold Hillier
Gardens/Hampshire County Council (c);

Howard Rice (bl). 45 Alamy Images:
Steffen Hauser / botanikfoto (ca); The
Garden Picture Library (tc). GAP
Photos: Elke Borkowski (br). Garden
World Images: N+R Colborn (era).

46 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones
(br). 47 Alamy Images: Charles Stirling
(cr). 49 GAP Photos: Mark Bolton (cr).

50 Garden World Images: L Thomas
(ferb). Photolibrary: Photos Lamontagne/
GPL (crb). 51 Alamy Images:
Christopher Burrows (br). 52 GAP
Photos: Mark Bolton (br). Garden
World Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas
(crb). 53 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom
(br); Howard Rice (era). Garden World
Images: John Martin (c). 54 GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom (clb); Jonathan
Need (cb). 55 GAP Photos: Carole Drake,
Design: Josse and Brian Emerson (tr);
Howard Rice (br). Getty Images: Ron
Evans (cb). John McCormack: (be).
56-57 Clive Nichols. 57 Clive Nichols:
(ftl, tl, tr, ftr). 59 GAP Photos: Elke
Borkowski (tr). 60 Garden World
Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat: Fraxinus
excelsior 'Jaspidea'. Photolibrary: Paroli
Galperti: Davidia involucrata 61 Alamy:
K-Pix: Fagus sylvatica 'Riversii'. Garden
World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Fagus
sylvatica 'Rohanii' 62 Alamy:
blickwinkel: Celtis australis. Getty:
DEA/D. Dagli Orti: Juglans regia.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: Quercus robur f.
fastigiata 63 Alamy: Cubolmages srl:
Platanus xhispanica. GAP Photos:

Martin Hughes-Jones: Tilia platyphyllos
'Rubra'. Garden World Images:

W E Procter: Platanus orientalis
64 Alamy: blickwinkel: Fagus sylvatica
Aspleniifolia'. Getty: DEA/C. Sappa:
Zelkova carpini folia. Photo shot: Michael
Warren: Tilia 'Petiolaris'. Science Photo
Library (SPL): Vaughan Fleming:
Quercus frainetto 65 Garden World
Images: Pterocarya x rehderiana.

Science Photo Library (SPL): Bob
Gibbons: Quercus coccinea 66 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Acer rubrum.
GAP Photos: Heather Edwards:
Cercidiphyllum japonicum; Martin
Hughes-Jones: Fraxinus angustifolia
'Raywood'. Garden World Images:
MAP/Frederic Didillon: Quercus palustris
67 Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Prunus avium ■
Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Juglans
ailantifolia var. cordiformis 68 Alamy:
John Glover: Quercus x turneri. Garden
World Images: Gilles Delacroix:
Eucalyptus johnstonii 69 Alamy: John
Glover: Salix daphnoides; Martin Hughes-
Jones: Malus hupehensis. Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith
Rushforth: Nothofagus menziesii. Science
Photo Library (SPL): John Stiles:
Nothofagus betuloides 70 Alamy:
Cubolmages srl: Magnolia 'Ann';
fotoFlora: Magnolia campbellii subsp.
mollicomata; Andrea Jones: Magnolia
sprengeri var. diva. Magnolia x
brooklynensis 'Yellow Bird'; The Garden
Picture Library: Magnolia grandiflora
'Exmouth'. Corbis: Mark Bolton:
Magnolia liliiflora 'Nigra'; Clive Nichols:
Magnolia 'Galaxy'. Garden World
Images: Adrian James: Magnolia
'Butterflies'; J Lilly: Magnolia wilsonii;
John Martin: Magnolia 'Pinkie'. Getty:
Richard Bloom: Magnolia 'Black Tulip'.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Magnolia
'Vulcan'; J S Sira: Magnolia xloebneri
'Leonard Messel', Magnolia x soulangeana
'Rustica Rubra' 71 Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:

I Halesia monticola 72 Garden World

Images: Paul Lane: Paulownia tomentosa;
John Martin: Quercus rubra 'Aurea'.

The Garden Collection: Derek Harris:
Aesculus x neglecta 'Erythroblastos'

73 A-Z Botanical Collection: Drimys
winteri. Alamy: Cubolmages srl: Quercus
cerris 'Argenteovariegata'. Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith
Rushforth: Toona sinensis. GAP Photos:
Dianna Jazwinski: Eucryphia cordifolia.
Photolibrary: J S Sira: Catalpa fargesiif.
duclouxii. Science Photo Library (SPL):
Jim D Saul: Acer pseudoplatanus 'Simon
Louis Freres' 74 Alamy: blickwinkel:
Acer negundo 'Variegatum'.
GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Kalopanax septemlobus 75 Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith
Rushforth: Phellodendron chinense,
Quercus marilandica. GardenPhotos.
com: judywhite: Quercus ithaburensis
subsp. macrolepis. Science Photo
Library (SPL): John Stiles:
Emmenopterys henryi 76 Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): David
Hosking: Oxydendrum arboreum.

Garden World Images: John
Swithinbank: Acer henryi 77 Alamy:
Andrea Jones: Acer capillipes. Garden
World Images: Nyssa sinensis.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Fiona Edmond: Parrotia persica

78 Alamy: Mark Boulton: Quercus suber;
John Glover: Acer pensylvanicum
'Erythrocladum', Betula ermanii; Brian
Hoffman: Acer griseum; MBP-One: Betula
utilis var. jacquemontii 'Grayswood
Ghost'; Wildscape: Acer grosseri. GAP
Photos: Fiona Lea: Betula utilis var.
jacquemontii 'Jermyns'. Garden World
Images: T Sims: Acer palmatum 'Sango-
kaku'. Getty: Clive Nichols: Pinus
sylvestris. Photolibrary: Richard Bloom:
Pinus bungeana; Mark Bolton: Stewartia
pseudocamellia; John Glover: Prunus
serrula; Francois de Heel: Acer davidii

79 Frank Lane Picture Agency
(FLPA): Martin B Withers: Fraxinus
excelsior 'Pendula'. The Garden
Collection: Andrew Lawson: Acer
pensylvanicum 80 Garden World
Images: John Swithinbank:

Trachycarpus fortunei 81 Garden World
Images: Aesculus californica 83 Garden
World Images: Gilles Delacroix: Prunus
persica 'Prince Charming' 84 Garden
World Images: Laburnum x watereri
'Vossii'. Getty: Geoff Kidd: Malus
floribunda 85 Alamy: fotoFlora:
Eucryphia glutinosa; Martin Hughes-
Jones: Hoheria lyallii. GAP Photos:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Hoheria
angustifolia. Getty: Scientifica: Cornus
kousa. Science Photo Library (SPL):
Adrian Thomas: Eucryphia lucida

87 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Cornus mas; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Cornus capitata, Cornus kousa 'National';
John Martin: Cornus kousa 'Miss Satomi';
Organica: Cornus kousa var. chinensis.
GAP Photos: Dave Bevan: Cornus kousa
var. chinensis 'China Girl'; Dave Zubraski:
Cornus nuttallii 'Monarch'. Garden
World Images: G. Delacroix: Cornus
alternifolia; Paul Lane: Cornus florida
'Cherokee Chief'; MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Cornus florida 'Cherokee Princess'; MAP/
Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: Cornus mas
'Aureoelegantissima'; L Thomas: Cornus
florida 'Rainbow' 88 Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): Keith
Rushforth: Ehretia dicksonii. Garden
World Images: Ulmus glabra
'Camperdownii' 89 Frank Lane Picture
Agency (FLPA): Ron Boardman, Life
Science Image: Koelreuteria paniculata.

Garden World Images: Paraserianthes
lophantha 90 Alamy: imagebroker: Acer
palmatum 'Osakazuki' 91 Alamy:

Richard Becker: Sorbus aucuparia;
blickwinkel: Sorbus intermedia. GAP
Photos: Dave Bevan: Sorbus x kewensis;
Sarah Cuttle: Sorbus esserteauana;
Howard Rice: Sorbus thibetica 'John
Mitchell'. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Sorbus megalocarpa.
Science Photo Library (SPL): Malcolm
Richards: Sorbus forrestii 92 Corbis: Eric
Crichton: Malus 'Golden Hornet'. Garden
World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Acer laxiflorum 93 GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Pittosporum eugenioides
'Variegatum'. Garden World Images:
Arbutus unedo 94 Alamy: Holmes
Garden Photos: Ilex aquifolium 'Ferox
Argentea'; Martin Hughes-Jones: Ilex
aquifolium 'Madame Briot', Ilex x
altaclerensis 'Belgica Aurea';
Plantography: Ilex x altaclerensis
'Camelliifolia'; The Garden Picture
Library: Ilex aquifolium 'Bacciflava', Ilex
x altaclerensis 'Golden King'. Garden
World Images: Floramedia: Ilex
aquifolium 'Silver Queen'; M Hughes-
Jones: Ilex aquifolium; MAP/Arnaud
Descat: Ilexpernyi. Photolibrary: Carole
Drake: Ilexcrenata 'Convexa' 95 Alamy:
Arco Images GmbH: Abies procera
96 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Wollemia
nobilis. Garden World Images:
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Intertexta'.
Photolibrary: Leonie Lambert: Cedrus
deodara 97 Garden World Images:
Cedrus libani 98 Alamy: F Davis:
Araucaria araucana. Getty: Tim Gainey:
Araucaria araucana 99 GAP Photos:
Adrian Bloom, location: David Wards
Garden, Leeds, Yorkshire: Picea
engelmannii. Garden World Images:
Taxodium distichum. Photoshot: Tsuga
mertensiana 'Glauca'. Savill Gardens:
Picea glauca 'Coerulea' 100 Alamy:
kpzfoto: Juniperus chinensis 'Keteleeri'.
GAP Photos: FhF Greenmedia: Picea
likiangensis 102 Photolibrary: Pinus
contorta, Pseudolarix amabilis,

Pseudolarix amabilis, Taxus baccata
'Lutea'; Leonie Lambert: Pseudolarix
amabilis; Fritz Polking: Pinus contorta;
Howard Rice: Taxus baccata 'Lutea'

103 Garden World Images: Juniperus
chinensis 'Obelisk'. Science Photo
Library (SPL): Chris Hellier: Juniperus
chinensis 'Robust Green' 104 Alamy:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Pinus sylvestris
'Aurea'. Frank Lane Picture Agency
(FLPA): R P Lawrence: Taxus cuspidata.
Garden World Images: Pinus pinea.
Photolibrary: Ron Evans: Chamaecyparis
obtusa 'Crippsii' 105 Alamy:

Cubolmages srl: Podocarpus nivalis;
Martin Hughes-Jones: Juniperus
squamata 'Blue Carpet'. Corbis: Patrick
Johns: Abies cephalonica 'Meyer's Dwarf'.
GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: Abies
concolor 'Compacta', Pinus heldreichii
'Smidtii', Taxus baccata 'Dovastonii
Aurea'; J S Sira/Design: Collin Elliott:
Juniperus x pfitzeriana 'Old Gold'. Garden
World Images: Chamaecyparis obtusa
'Nana Gracilis', Juniperus squamata
'Holger', Microbiota decussata, Platycladus
orientalis 'Aurea Nana', Thuja plicata
'Stoneham Gold'; R Coates: Juniperus
squamata 'Holger'; G. Delacroix:
Microbiota decussata; MAP/Nathalie
Pasquel: Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana
Gracilis', Platycladus orientalis 'Aurea
Nana'. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea',
Juniperus scopulorum 'Skyrocket'.
Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: Picea pungens

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

'Globosa' 106-107 GAP Photos: Richard I
Bloom. 107 GAP Photos: Sharon
Pearson (ftl). Clive Nichols: (tl) (ftr) (tr).

110 Garden World Images:

Amelanchier lamarckii 111 Garden
World Images: Dipelta floribunda.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Berberis
valdiviana 112 Alamy: Holmes Garden
Photos: Salix exigua 113 Garden World
Images: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Crinodendron patagua, Elaeagnus
umbellata 114 GAP Photos: Christina
Bollen: Buddleja davidii 'White Profusion';
FhF Greenmedia: Buddleja salviifolia;

Lynn Keddie: Buddleja x weyeriana
'Moonlight'; Rob Whitworth: Abutilon
vitifolium 'Veronica Tennant'. Garden
World Images: D Brown: Buddleja
colvilei 'Kewensis'; M Hughes-Jones:
Buddleja 'Lochinch', Buddleja davidii 'Pink
Delight', Buddleja x weyeriana 'Sungold'.

The Garden Collection: Jonathan
Buckley: Buddleja 'Lochinch', Buddleja
davidii 'Black Knight'; Nicola Stocken
Tomkins: Buddleja davidii 'Dartmoor'

115 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:

Syringa vulgaris 'Andenken an Ludwig
Spath'. Garden World Images: G.
Delacroix: Syringa pubescens subsp.
patula 'Miss Kim'; M Hughes-Jones:

Syringa x persica; MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Syringa komarowii subsp. reflexa, Syringa
vulgaris 'Firmament', Syringa vulgaris
'Katherine Havemeyer'. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus: Syringa x persica 'Alba'

116 Garden World Images: Derek
Gould: Genista tenera 'Golden Shower'

117 Garden World Images: Cotoneaster
'Cornubia'. John Glover: Cotinus 'Flame'

118 Alamy: John Glover: Hamamelis x
intermedia 'Arnold Promise', Hamamelis

x intermedia 'Barmstedt Gold', Hamamelis
x intermedia Helena'; MBP-Plants:
Hamamelis x intermedia 'Pallida'. GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom: Hamamelis
x intermedia Helena'. Garden World
Images: Jacqui Dracup: Hamamelis x
intermedia 'Robert'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:

Azara microphylla. Photolibrary:

Richard Bloom: Hamamelis x intermedia
'Primavera' 119 GAP Photos: Geoff
Kidd: Pittosporum dallii. Garden World
Images: G Kidd: Prunus lusitanica subsp.
variegata; Geoff Kidd: Prunus lusitanica
subsp. variegata 120 Alamy: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Camellia 'Cornish Snow'.
GAP Photos: Fiona Lea: Camellia
japonica 'Hagoromo'. Garden World
Images: Camellia japonica 'Alba Plena',
Camellia japonica 'Nobilissima',

Tetrapanax papyrifer, Tetrapanax
papyrifer; MAP/A Descat/Collection
Pepineiere Stervinou: Camellia japonica
'Nobilissima'; John Martin: Camellia
japonica 'Alba Plena' 121 Alamy:
blickwinkel/Jagel: Camellia 'Spring
Festival'; John Glover: Camellia japonica
'Lavinia Maggi'. GAP Photos: Richard
Bloom: Camellia 'Inspiration'; Lynn
Keddie: Camellia x williamsii 'J.C.

Williams'; Geoff Kidd: Camellia japonica
'Brushfield's Yellow'; Howard Rice:

Camellia japonica 'Tricolor'; S & O:

Camellia x williamsii 'Jury's Yellow'; J S
Sira: Camellia japonica 'Bob's Tinsie'.
Garden World Images: G. Delacroix:
Camellia reticulata 'Captain Rawes';

MAPA Descat/Collection Pepineiere
Stervinou: Camellia 'Black Lace', Camellia
'Freedom Bell'; T Sims: Camellia japonica
'Adolphe Audusson'. Photolibrary: Clive
Nichols /GPL: Camellia x williamsii
'Debbie' 122 GAP Photos: J S Sira:
Viburnum bitchiuense. Garden World
Images: Choisya 'Aztec Pearl',
Rhododendron 'Percy Wiseman'; MAP/
Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: Choisya 'Aztec
Pearl' 123 Alamy: Auscape International
Pty Ltd: Telopea truncata; John Glover:

Prunus mume 'Beni-chidori'. GAP
Photos: S & O: Ribes sanguineum
'Pulborough Scarlet'. Garden World
Images: Leptospermum scoparium 'Red
Damask' 124 GAP Photos: Dave Bevan:
Rhododendron sinogrande. Garden
World Images: M Hughes-Jones:
Rhododendron 'Gomer Waterer',
Rhododendron quinquefolium; MAP/
Nathalie Pasquel: Rhododendron 'Golden
Torch'; J Need: Rhododendron
calophytum. Photolibrary: Georgianna
Lane: Rhododendron decorum; Brigitte
Thomas: Rhododendron williamsianum.
Photoshot: Michael Warren:
Rhododendron decorum. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Carol
Sheppard: Rhododendron pachysanthum

125 Alamy: Brian Hoffman:
Rhododendron arboreum; Holmes Garden
Photos: Rhododendron praecox. GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom: Rhododendron
'Fastuosum Flore Pleno'; Christina Bollen:
Rhododendron niveum; FhF Greenmedia:
Rhododendron cinnabarinum; Neil
Holmes: Rhododendron 'Blue Danube'.
Garden World Images: G Delacroix:
Rhododendron 'Blaauw's Pink',
Rhododendron 'Purple Splendour';

M Hughes-Jones: Rhododendron
'Daviesii', Rhododendron fulvum;
Christopher Lavis-Jones: Rhododendron
'Patty Bee'. Photolibrary: Georgianna
Lane: Rhododendron 'Hotei'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Rebecca
Ross: Rhododendron 'Gibraltar'

126 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Cornus sericea 'Flaviramea'; J Need:
Cornus sericea 'White Gold'; Plantography:
Cornus alba 'Elegantissima'. GAP
Photos: J S Sira: Corylopsis pauciflora;

Jo Whitworth: Cornus sericea 'Kelseyi'.
Garden World Images: Jacqui Dracup:
Edgeworthia chrysantha; T Sims: Cornus
alba 'Aurea', Cornus sanguinea
'Midwinter Fire' 127 GAP Photos: Neil
Holmes: Forsythia x intermedia 'Beatrix
Farrand'. Garden World Images:

Deutzia scabra, Kerria japonica 'Pleniflora',
Lindera benzoin; Liz Cole: Deutzia scabra.
Photolibrary: Mel Watson: Philadelphus
'Beauclerk' 129 Garden World Images:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Clethra barbinervis
130 Garden World Images: Gilles
Delacroix: Leptospermum scoparium
'Snow White'; Trevor Sims: Colletia
hystrix. P-Pod: Tim Argles: Olearia
ilicifolia. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Zenobia pulverulenta.
Science Photo Library (SPL): Nick
Wiseman: Escallonia virgata 132 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Olearia
macrodonta. GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Hibiscus syriacus 'Red
Heart'; Mel Watson: Aloysia triphylla

133 Garden World Images: Robinia
hispida 134 Alamy: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Hydrangea paniculata 'Silver
Dollar'; Andrea Jones: Hydrangea
paniculata PINKY-WINKY. GAP Photos:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Hydrangea serrata
'Diadem'; Rob Whitworth: Hydrangea
macrophylla 'Madame Emile Mouillere'.
Garden World Images: G. Delacroix:
Hydrangea arborescens 'Annabelle',
Hydrangea quercifolia 'Snowflake'.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: Hydrangea serrata
'Kiyosumi'; Marianne Majerus/RHS
Wisley Garden: Hydrangea paniculata
'Big Ben'. Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte:
Hydrangea heteromalla 'Snowcap'; Marga
Werner: Hydrangea paniculata 'Phantom'.
Science Photo Library (SPL): A-Z
Botanical Collection: Hydrangea
macrophylla 'Generate Vicomtesse de
Vibraye' 135 Alamy: John glover:
Hydrangea paniculata PINK DIAMOND;
Holmes Garden Photos: Hydrangea
macrophylla 'Ami Pasquier'; Andrea
Jones: Hydrangea paniculata 'Dharuma'.

GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight'.

Garden World Images: R Coates:
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Europa',
Hydrangea serrata 'Grayswood'; Rita
Coates: Hydrangea aspera 'Mauvette';

G. Delacroix: Hydrangea macrophylla
'Libelle', Hydrangea macrophylla 'Mowe';
Steffen Hauser: Hydrangea aspera subsp.
sargentiana; K Howchin: Hydrangea
macrophylla 'Ayesha' 136 Alamy: The
Garden Picture Library: Paeonia delavayi.
Garden World Images: MAP/Nathalie
Pasquel: Erythrina x bidwillii 137 Alamy:
Milestone Media: Abutilon 'Ashford Red'.
Garden World Images: Camellia
japonica 'Mathotiana' 138 Garden
World Images: Ceanothus impressus.
Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte: Iochroma
australe 140 Garden World Images:
Euonymus europaeus 'Red Cascade'. The
Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson:
Rhus glabra 141 GAP Photos: David
Dixon: Berberis x carminea 'Barbarossa'.
Garden World Images: Leonotis
leonurus. Getty: Rob Whitworth:
Disanthus cercidifolius 142 Alamy:
Cubolmages srl: Cotoneaster conspicuus,
Cotoneaster x watereri 'John Waterer';
Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Cotoneaster
salicifolius; Colin Underhill: Euonymus
hamiltonianus subsp. sieboldianus.
Garden World Images: S Hauser:
Daphne mezereum; D Murphy:
Cotoneaster frigidus. Janet Johnson:
Hippophae rhamnoides. Photolibrary:
Richard Bloom: Cornus alba 'Sibirica
Variegata' 143 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto: Viburnum farreri. Garden
World Images: Nandina domestica 'Fire
Power', Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price';
Christopher Lavis-Jones: Viburnum tinus
'Eve Price'. The Garden Collection:
Jonathan Buckley: Viburnum foetens
144 GAP Photos: John Glover: Fatsia
japonica 'Variegata'. Getty: Hemant
Jariwala: Mahonia japonica 145 Alamy:
blickwinkel: Buxus balearica. Garden
World Images: Gaultheria xwisleyensis
'Wisley Pearl', Prunus laurocerasus
'Zabeliana'; Trevor Sims: Prunus
laurocerasus 'Zabeliana' 146 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Ribes
sanguineum 'Edward VII'; Martin
Hughes-Jones: Chaenomeles speciosa
'Snow' 148 Alamy: Chris Howes/Wild
Places Photography: Ulex europaeus.

The Garden Collection: Derek Harris:
Choisya ternata SUNDANCE 149 Garden
World Images: Convolvulus cneorum,
x Halimiocistus sahucii 150 Garden
World Images: Rhaphiolepis umbellata
151 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Hebe recurva.
Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Ozothamnus ledifolius; M Hughes-
Jones: Ozothamnus ledifolius. Science
Photo Library (SPL): Anthony Cooper:
Lomatia silaifolia 152 GAP Photos:
Dianna Jazwinski: Deutzia 'Mont Rose'

154 Alamy: Arco Images GmbH: Fuchsia
'Riccartonii'; John Glover: Fuchsia
magellanica; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Escallonia 'Donard Beauty'. GAP Photos:
Dave Zubraski: Fuchsia 'Howlett's Hardy'.
Garden World Images: T Sims: Fuchsia
'Corallina'. Getty: Dave Zubraski: Fuchsia
'Mrs Popple', Fuchsia magellanica
'Thompsonii'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Fuchsia magellanica var. gracilis. Science
Photo Library (SPL): Mike Danson:
Fuchsia 'Madame Cornelissen'

155 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones: Salvia
x jamensis 'La Luna'; Plantography: Salvia
microphylla 'La Foux', Salvia x jamensis
'Maraschino'. GAP Photos: Heather
Edwards: Salvia microphylla 'Cerro
Potosi'; FhF Greenmedia: Salvia x
jamensis 'Red Velvet'; Marcus Harpur:
Salvia microphylla 'Kew Red'. Garden
World Images: N R Colborn: Salvia

x jamensis 'Hot Lips'; G Delacroix:

Salvia x jamensis 'Sierra San Antonio';

G. Delacroix: Salvia officinalis
'Berggarten'; L Thomas: Salvia greggii
'Icing Sugar'. Getty: Salvia officinalis,
Salvia officinalis 'Purpurascens', Salvia
officinalis 'Tricolor'; De Agostini: Salvia
officinalis; Linda Lewis: Salvia officinalis
'Tricolor'. Photolibrary: Geoff Kidd:
Salvia microphylla 'Newby Hall'; Juliette
Wade: Salvia microphylla 'Pink Blush'

158 Alamy: John Glover: Lavandula
x chaytorae 'Sawyers'; Holmes Garden
Photos: Lavandula 'Fathead', Lavandula
angustifolia 'Miss Katherine'. GAP
Photos: Elke Borkowski: Lavandula
pedunculata subsp. pedunculata 'James
Compton'; Suzie Gibbons: Lavandula
angustifolia 'Wendy Carlile'; Dianna
Jazwinski: Lavandula angustifolia
'Imperial Gem'; J S Sira: Lavandula
'Helmsdale', Lavandula angustifolia
'Loddon Blue', Lavandula stoechas f. rosea
'Kew Red'. Garden World Images:

G. Delacroix: Lavandula lanata;

C Fairweather: Lavandula angustifolia
LITTLE LOTTIE, Lavandula stoechas
'Snowman'; MAP/N Pasquel: Lavandula
angustifolia 'Little Lady'; T Sims:
Lavandula angustifolia 'Hidcote';

L Thomas: Lavandula 'Regal Splendour',
Lavandula 'Willow Vale'. Photolibrary:
Chris L Jones: Lavandula x intermedia
'Alba' 159 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus var. repens.
Garden World Images: Ceratostigma
willmottianum 160 Garden World
Images: Gilles Delacroix:
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus 'Foliis
Variegatis' 161 GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Hypericum x inodorum
'Elstead'; J S Sira: Halimium lasianthum
subsp. formosum. Garden World
Images: Coriaria terminalis var.
xanthocarpa, Hypericum kouytchense
162 Garden World Images: Berberis
'Rubrostilla', Cytisus scoparius f.
andreanus. Photolibrary: Mark Bolton:
Cuphea cyanea; Mark Turner/GPL: Myrica
gale 163 GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom:
Fothergilla gardenii. The Garden
Collection: Jonathan Buckley: Lonicera
xpurpusii 164 Alamy: Plantography:
Pittosporum tenuifolium 'Tom Thumb'

165 GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:
Artemisia abrotanum Artemisia
abrotanum. Garden World Images:
Hebe cupressoides 166 Alamy: J S Sira/
GPL: Erica carnea 'Challenger'; Arco
Images GmbH: Erica vagans 'St Keverne';
John Glover: Calluna vulgaris
'Annemarie', Calluna vulgaris 'Peter
Sparkes', Calluna vulgaris 'Wickwar
Flame'; Martin Hughes-Jones: Erica
carnea 'Ann Sparkes'; Piotr & Irena
Kolasa: Calluna vulgaris 'Dark Star'. GAP
Photos: Mark Bolton: Erica x darleyensis
'Arthur Johnson'; Geoff Kidd: Erica x
darleyensis 'Furzey'. Garden World
Images: I Anderson: Erica erigena 'Irish
Dusk'; G. Delacroix: Erica erigena f. alba
'Brian Proudley'; T Jennings: Erica vagans
'Birch Glow'; M Hughes-Jones: Erica
carnea 'Golden Starlet'; MAP/N Pasquel:
Erica vagans 'Mrs D. F. Maxwell'.
GardenPhotos.com: Judy White:

Calluna vulgaris 'Beoley Gold' 167 GAP
Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ruscus aculeatus
Ruscus aculeatus. Garden World
Images: Trevor Sims: Leucothde
fontanesiana 'Rainbow' 168 GAP
Photos: Geoff Kidd. 168 Garden World
Images: Trevor Sims. 169 GAP Photos:
Mark Anker (ftr); FhF Greenmedia (ftl);
Leigh Clapp (tr). 176 Alamy: John Glover:
R. moyesii 'Geranium'; Holmes Garden
Photos: R. sericia subsp. omeiensis f.
ptenracantha. GAP Photos: Jonathan
Need: R. roxburghii. Garden World
Images: MAP/Jean-Yves Grospas: R.
rubiginosa; Trevor Sims: R. multibracteata.

739

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

740

Getty: Rob Whitworth: R. rugosa.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: R. glauca 177 Alamy:
Martin Hughes-Jones: R. 'Buff Beauty'.
GAP Photos: Michael Howes: R.
EVELYN; Rob Whitworth: R. KENT.
Photoshot: Photos Horticultural:

R. SILVER ANNIVERSARY. Roses UK:

R. ISN'T SHE LOVELY 178 Alamy:
Natural Garden Images: R.. MANY
HAPPY RETURNS. GAP Photos: FhF
Greenmedia: R. SUSAN DANIEL.
Photolibrary: Leonie Lambert: R.

SAVOY HOTEL 179 Alamy: Roger Cope:
R. NOSTALGIA. C & K Jones: R. CHRIS
BEARDSHAW. David Austin Roses:

R. BRAVEHEART. Garden World
Images: Gilles Delacroix: R. FLOWER
CARPET 181 Garden World Images:
MAP/Nicole et Patrick Mioulane: R. GUY
SAVOY. Photoshot: Michael Warren:

R. LANCASHIRE 182 Garden World
Images: G Delacroix: R. ABSOLUTELY
FABULOUS; Christopher Lavis-Jones:

R. 'Arthur Bell'; Jenny Lilly: R. GOLDEN
BEAUTY. The Garden Collection:

Derek Harris: R. GUY’S GOLD 183 GAP
Photos: Howard Rice: R. SIMPLY THE
BEST. Harkness Roses, roses.co.uk:

R. EASY DOES IT. Roses UK: R. SUPER
TROOPER 184 Botanical Garden
Collection: R. filipes 'Kiftsgate'. Garden
World Images: R. ’Felicite Perpetue'

185 Garden World Images:

R. 'Veilchenblau' 186 GAP Photos:
Howard Rice: R. 'Cecile Brunner'.

Garden World Images: R. 'Guinee'

187 Chris Warner: R. GARDENERS
GLORY. GAP Photos: Maxine Adcock:

R. SUMMER WINE; Visions Premium:

R. BRIDGE OF SIGHS. Garden World
Images: R. ’Mermaid'. Roses UK:

R. ALIBABA 189 GAP Photos: Andrea
Jones (tl); Jerry Harpur (ftl); Marcus
Harpur (ftr). 190 GAP Photos: John
Glover (bl). 191 GAP Photos: Maddie
Thornhill (tr). 192 Alamy: Holmes
Garden Photos: Prostanthera rotundifolia
'Rosea'; Martin Hughes-Jones: Acradenia
frankliniae; JTB Photo Communications,
Inc.: Stauntonia hexaphylla. Garden
Picture Library: Ercilla volubilis.
Garden World Images: Trevor Sims:
Holboellia latifolia. Photos Horticultural:
Decumaria sinensis 193 Alamy: John
Glover: Jasminum beesianum. Garden
World Images: Campsis radicans 'Indian
Summer', Clianthus puniceus, Mitraria
coccinea, Ribes speciosum ,- MAP/Arnaud
Descat: Mitraria coccinea; Trevor Sims:
Campsis radicans 'Indian Summer', Ribes
speciosum 194 GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Sollya heterophylla.
Garden World Images: Lee Thomas:
Humulus lupulus 'Aureus'. Photolibrary:
Mark Bolton: Ceanothus arboreus
'Trewithen Blue'; Philippe Bonduel:
Eriobotryajaponica 195 GAP Photos:
John Glover: Ampelopsis brevipedunculata
var. maximowiczii 'Elegans'. Garden
World Images: Araujia sericifera.
Hydrangea petiolaris, Jasminum mesnyi;
Geoff Kidd: Araujia sericifera; Trevor
Sims: Hydrangea petiolaris 196 Garden
World Images: Trevor Sims: Hydrangea
seemannii; Lee Thomas: Jasminum
officinale f. affine. Science Photo
Library (SPL): Bob Gibbons: Hydrangea
serratifolia. The Garden Collection:
Andrew Lawson: Trachelospermum
asiaticum 197 Alamy: Holmes Garden
Photos: Prostanthera cuneata. GAP
Photos: Geoff Kidd: Drimys lanceolata.
Garden World Images: Anredera
cordifolia, Schizophragma hydrangeoides;
Gilles Delacroix: Schizophragma
hydrangeoides. Photolibrary: Howard
Rice: Dregea sinensis 198 GAP Photos:
Fiona Lea: Clematis 'Avalanche'; J S Sira:
Clematis cartmannii 'Joe'. Garden World
Images: MAP/A Descat: Clematis

fasciculiflora; T Sims: Clematis 'Andromeda';
Trevor Sims: Clematis 'Andromeda'; Lee
Thomas: Clematis 'Avalanche', Clematis
'Early Sensation', Clematis ARCTIC
QUEEN, Clematis cartmannii 'Joe'.
Photolibrary: Ron Evans: Clematis
montana; Abbe Green-Armytage:

Clematis 'Guernsey Cream'. Photoshot:
Photos Horticultural: Clematis 'Bella'

199 Alamy: Roger Cope: Clematis PINK
CHAMPAGNE. GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Clematis 'Barbara
Jackman'. Garden World Images:

R Coates: Clematis 'Jacqueline du Pre';

A Graham: Clematis 'Barbara Jackman';

C Lavis-Jones: Clematis 'Barbara Dibley',
Clematis 'Barbara Dibley'; B Stojanovic:
Clematis 'Corona'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus,

RHS Wisley Garden: Clematis cirrhosa.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Clematis
'Jan Lindmark', Clematis montana var.
rubens. Raymond Evison: Clematis
BLUE MOON, Clematis CHANTILLY,
Clematis florida PISTACHIO, Clematis
VIENNETTA 200 Alamy: Cubolmages
srl: Clematis 'Perle d’Azur'; John Glover:
Clematis 'Abundance'. GAP Photos:

Mark Bolton: Clematis 'Silver Moon'.
Garden World Images: Floramedia:
Clematis 'Columella', Clematis 'Frankie';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Clematis 'Frances
Rivis'; C Lavis-Jones: Clematis
'Westerplatte'; MAP/A Descat: Clematis
'Black Prince'; MAP/N Pasquel: Clematis
'Abundance', Clematis 'Betty Corning'.
Raymond Evison: Clematis AVANT-
GARDE, Clematis BOURBON, Clematis
ROSEMOOR, Clematis VINO. The
Garden Collection: Torie Chugg:
Clematis 'Betty Corning' 201 Alamy:
Niall McDiarmid: Bomarea edulis.

Garden World Images: Lathyrus
odoratus 'Lady Diana'. Photolibrary:
Anne Green-Armytage: Jasminum x
stephanense. Photos Horticultural:
Lathyrus odoratus 'Charles Unwin',
Lathyrus odoratus 'Mrs Bernard Jones'
202 Garden World Images: Ipomoea
lobata. Getty: Ron Evans: Lapageria
rosea; Leroy Simon: Ipomoea quamoclit.
Paul Beard Photo Agency: Lathyrus
odoratus 'Barry Dare' 203 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Callistemon
subulatus; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Desfontainia spinosa. GAP Photos:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Grevillea
rosmarinifolia. Garden World Images:
Callistemon citrinus 'Splendens', Cestrum
'Newellii'; Trevor Sims: Cestrum 'Newellii'.
Getty: Abutilon megapotamicum.
Photolibrary: J S Sira: Campsis
grandiflora 204 GAP Photos: Geoff
Kidd: Aconitum hemsleyanum; J S Sira:
Ipomoea hederacea. Garden World
Images: Akebia trifoliata, Cobaea
scandens; Trevor Sims: Akebia trifoliata.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Andrew Lawson: Passiflora caerulea

205 Alamy Images: Frank Paul: Wisteria
frutescens 'Amethyst Falls'. Frank Lane
Picture Agency (FLPA): Brian Davis:
Wisteria brachybotrys 'White Silk'. GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom: Ceanothus
'Puget Blue'; Neil Holmes: Plumbago
auriculata; Martin Hughes-Jones: Wisteria
frutescens 'Longwood Purple'. Garden
World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Wisteria floribunda 'Yae Kokoryu'; John
Martin: Wisteria sinensis 'Prolific'.
Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia: Wisteria
frutescens; Mark Turner: Wisteria
floribunda 'Hon-Beni'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Graham
Titchmarsh: Ceanothus 'Burkwoodii'

206 GAP Photos: John Glover:
Fremontodendron 'California Glory';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Campsis radicans
f. flava; Geoff Kidd: Hypericum 'Rowallane';
Howard Rice: Jasminum humile
'Revolutum'. Garden World Images:

Piptanthus nepalensis 207 Alamy: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Lonicera periclymenum
'Red Gables'. GAP Photos: Howard Rice:
Lonicera etrusca 'Michael Rosse'. Garden
World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Lonicera henryi. Photolibrary: Kate
Boykin: Lonicera sempervirens; Howard
Rice: Lonicera etrusca 'Superba'

208 Alamy: Charles Stirling: Cotoneaster
horizontalis. Garden World Images:
Jasminum polyanthum, Vitis 'Brant';

Lee Thomas: Vitis 'Brant'. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus: Campsis x tagliabuana 'Madame
Galen'. Photolibrary: Howard Rice:
Campsis radicans 'Flamenco'

209 Photolibrary: GertTabak: Celastrus
orbiculatus 'Diana' 210 Alamy: Andrea
Jones: Ampelopsis megalophylla

211 Alamy: John Glover: Acacia dealbata.
Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Garrya elliptica 'James Roof'
212-213 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski.
213 GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie (tl); Clive
Nichols (tr); Howard Rice (ftl); Visions
(ftr). 214 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom
(crb); Howard Rice (bl). 215 GAP Photos:
John Glover (bc/metal spirals). 216 GAP
Photos: Geoff Kidd: Impatiens tinctoria;
Rob Whitworth: Sanguisorba tenuifolia
'Alba'. Garden World Images: Derek
Gould: Artemisia lactiflora 217 GAP
Photos: Mark Bolton: Delphinium 'Red
Caroline'. Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti:
Delphinium 'Cliveden Beauty'; J S Sira/
GPL: Delphinium 'Elizabeth Cook'

218 Alamy: John Glover: Meconopsis
paniculata. Dr Evelyn Stevens:
Meconopsis grandis, Meconopsis 'Jimmy
Bayne', Meconopsis 'Marit', Meconopsis
baileyi 'Alba', Meconopsis x cookei 'Old
Rose'; Plant Heritage National Plant
Collection: Meconopsis 'Marit',
Meconopsis baileyi 'Alba', Meconopsis x
cookei 'Old Rose'. GAP Photos: Leigh
Clapp: Meconopsis 'Lingholm'; Fiona Lea:
Galega x hartlandii 'Lady Wilson'; Howard
Rice: Meconopsis 'Slieve Donard'.

Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Thalictrum 'Elin'. Photolibrary:
Howard Rice: Meconopsis 'Crewdson
Hybrid' 219 Alamy: Florapix: Ligularia
'The Rocket'; John Glover: Musa basjoo,
Musa basjoo. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Acanthus mollis 'Hollard's
Gold' 220 Alamy: Jim Allan: Thalictrum
delavayi 'Hewitt's Double'. Eric Crichton
Photos: Anemone xhybrida 'Honorine
Jobert'. GAP Photos: Victoria Firmston:
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Fascination'.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: Hedychium x moorei
'Tara'. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural:
Eremurus x isabellinus 'Cleopatra'

221 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH:

Echinacea paradoxa. GAP Photos:
Visions: Eupatorium maculatum
'Riesenschirm'. Garden World Images:
Echinacea 'Harvest Moon', Echinacea
purpurea 'Coconut Lime', Echinacea
purpurea 'Doubledecker', Echinacea
purpurea 'Fragrant Angel', Echinacea
purpurea 'Sundown', Salvia involucrata
'Bethellii'; G Delacroix: Echinacea
'Harvest Moon'; G. Delacroix: Echinacea
purpurea 'Coconut Lime', Echinacea
purpurea 'Fragrant Angel', Echinacea
purpurea 'Sundown'; J Spears: Echinacea
purpurea 'Doubledecker'. Photolibrary:
Cubo Images: Echinacea purpurea
'Magnus'; Antonio Molero: Echinacea
angustifolia; J S Sira: Echinacea purpurea
'Razzmatazz' 222 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto: Helianthus salicifolius. GAP
Photos: J S Sira: Anemone hupehensis
'Bowles's Pink'. Garden World Images:
L Thomas: Anemone hupehensis 'Praecox',
Anemone x hybrida 'Robustissima'.
Photolibrary: Paroli Galperti: Anemone
x hybrida 'Whirlwind'; J S Sira: Anemone
hupehensis var.japonica 'Pamina'; Richard

Surman: Anemone xhybrida 'Konigin
Charlotte'; Mark Turner: Anemone
x hybrida 'September Charm'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Anemone
hupehensis var. japonica 'Bressingham
Glow'. The Garden Collection: Andrew
Lawson: Helianthus 'Lemon Queen'

223 Alamy: Zena Elea: Diascia personata.
Garden World Images: Aquilegia
vulgaris var. stellata 'Black Barlow'

224 Alamy: John Glover: Iris 'Deep
Black'. British Iris Society: Iris japonica.
GAP Photos: Mark Bolton: Irisxrobusta
'Gerald Darby'; Jonathan Buckley: Iris
'Green Spot'. Garden World Images:
Iris hoogiana. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Iris
'English Cottage', Iris 'Frost and Flame',
Iris ensata 'Moonlight Waves', Iris
germanica 'Florentina', Iris orientalis.

Iris sanguinea 'Snow Queen' 225 Alamy:
John Glover: Iris sibirica 'Shirley Pope';
Holmes Garden Photos: Iris 'Berlin Tiger'.
GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Iris
foetidissima; S & O: Iris 'Holden Clough'.
Garden World Images: Iris
winogradowii. Photolibrary:

Chris Burrows/GPL: Iris sibirica
'Papillon'. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Iris 'Kent
Pride', Iris 'Perry's Blue', Iris 'Tropic
Night', Iris sibirica 'Soft Blue'

226 Andrew Lawson Digital: Aquilegia
viridiflora. Andrew Lawson
Photography: Aquilegia longissima.
Anne Green-Armytage: Aquilegia
vulgaris 'William Guiness'. Garden
World Images: Aquilegia 'Dragonfly',
Aquilegia 'Hensol Harebell', Aquilegia
coerulea, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila,
Aquilegia Songbird Series 'Bunting',
Aquilegia triternata; Brian Gadsby:
Aquilegia triternata; S Hauser: Aquilegia
coerulea; MAP/A Descat: Aquilegia
Songbird Series 'Bunting'; T Schilling:
Aquilegia 'Hensol Harebell'; Darren
Warner: Aquilegia 'Dragonfly'. John
Glover: Aquilegia canadensis.
Photolibrary: Tracey Rich: Aquilegia
'Nora Barlow'. Thompson & Morgan:
Aquilegia chrysantha 227 Garden World
Images: Doronicum columnae 'Miss
Mason' 228 GAP Photos: S & O: Paeonia
suffruticosa 'Hakuo-jisi'; Rob Whitworth:
Paeonia 'Coral Charm', Paeonia 'Kelway's
Fairy Queen'. Garden World Images:
Paeonia 'Cheddar Gold', Paeonia 'Festiva
Maxima', Paeonia 'Jan van Leeuwen',
Paeonia obovata var. alba; S Chesterman:
Paeonia 'Cheddar Gold'; C Harris: Paeonia
'Jan van Leeuwen'; T Jennings: Paeonia
'Festiva Maxima'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Paeonia suffruticosa 'Yachiyo-tsubaki';
Marianne Majerus/The Manor,
Hemingford Grey: Paeonia 'Lady
Alexandra Duff'. Photolibrary: Martin
Page: Paeonia 'Pillow Talk' 229 Alamy:
Ros Drinkwater: Paeonia xlemoinei 'High
Noon'. Collection & Photo Riviere
(France, 26 Drome): Paeonia xlemoinei
'L'Esperance'. GAP Photos: Visions:
Paeonia 'Felix Crousse'; Rob Whitworth:
Paeonia suffruticosa 'Rimpo'. Garden
World Images: G Delacroix: Paeonia
'Thunderbolt'; L Thomas: Paeonia 'Paul
M. Wild'. Getty: Martin Page: Paeonia
'Bartzella', Paeonia 'Garden Treasure'.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: Paeonia 'Claire de
Lune'. Photolibrary: Martin Page:
Paeonia 'Buckeye Belle' 230 GAP
Photos: Suzie Gibbons: Selinum
wallichianum. Garden World Images:
Gilles Delacroix: Leucanthemum x
superbum 'Aglaia' 231 GAP Photos:

Jo Whitworth: Anaphalis triplinervis
'Sommerschnee'; Rob Whitworth: Gaura
lindheimeri. Garden World Images:

Lee Thomas: Leucanthemum x superbum
'Sonnenschein' 232 Alamy: Cubolmages
srl: Astilbe 'Europa'; John Glover: Astilbe
'Amethyst'; Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto:

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Astilbe 'Granat'; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Astilbe 'Europa'. Garden World
Images: G Delacroix: Astilbe
'Deutschland'; M Thornhill: Astilbe x
crispa 'Perkeo' 233 Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium 'Thundercloud'
234 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Persicaria campanulata 'Rosenrot'.
Garden World Images: Persicaria 'Red
Dragon', Persicaria virginiana 'Lance
Corporal', Persicaria virginiana 'Painter's
Palette', Rehmannia elata; M Hughes-
Jones: Persicaria 'Red Dragon'; T Sims:
Persicaria virginiana 'Lance Corporal',
Persicaria virginiana 'Painter's Palette'.
Getty: Dave Zubraski: Persicaria affinis
'Superba'. Photolibrary: Carole Drake/
GPL: Persicaria polymorpha 235 GAP
Photos: J S Sira: Hemerocallis 'Red
Precious'. Garden World Images:
Lychnis chalcedonica. Lychnis
chalcedonica. Phlox paniculata 'Prince
of Orange'; Rodger Tamblyn: Lychnis
chalcedonica, Lychnis chalcedonica
236 Photolibrary: J S Sira: Penstemon
'The Juggler' 237 bloompictures:
Penstemon 'Chester Scarlet', Penstemon
'King George V'. Garden World
Images: Penstemon 'Cherry Ripe',
Penstemon 'Papal Purple', Penstemon
'Russian River'; G. Delacroix: Penstemon
'Cherry Ripe'; Derek Gould: Penstemon
'Russian River'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/
Little Llanavon, Herefordshire:

Penstemon heterophyllus 'Heavenly Blue'.
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows:

Penstemon whippleanus 238 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Astrantia major
'Ruby Wedding'; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Papaver 'Fireball'; Wildscape: Papaver
orientale 'Black and White'. GAP Photos:
J S Sira: Filipendula purpurea. Garden
World Images: M Hughes-Jones:

Papaver orientale 'Karine'; MAP/A Descat:
Papaver 'Patty's Plum'; L Thomas: Papaver
'Medallion'. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus, Bankton
Cottage, Sussex: Geranium palmatum.
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows/GPL:
Papaver orientale 'Choir Boy'; John
Glover: Papaver orientale 'Turkish
Delight'; Hermant Jariwala/GPL: Papaver
orientale var. bracteatum 239 Alamy:
blickwinkel: Linaria triornithophora,
Linaria triornithophora; WILDLIFE
GmbH: Monarda fistulosa, Monarda
fistulosa 240 Alamy: Shorelark Nigel
Downer: Eryngium alpinum. GAP
Photos: Mark Bolton: Nepeta 'Six Hills
Giant'. Garden World Images:
Agapanthus inapertus subsp. pendulus
'Graskop', Phlox paniculata 'Windsor';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Agapanthus
inapertus subsp. pendulus 'Graskop'.

John Glover: Phlox paniculata 'Hampton
Court'. Science Photo Library (SPL):
A-Z Botanical Collection: Phlox paniculata
'Amethyst' 241 Alamy: Holmes Garden
Photos: Campanula persicifolia 'Chettle
Charm'; imagebroker: Echinops
bannaticus 'Taplow Blue'. GAP Photos:
Jonathan Buckley: Agapanthus 'Purple
Cloud'; Clive Nichols: Agapanthus
'Northern Star'. Garden World Images:
G Delacroix: Campanula takesimana;

M Hughes-Jones: Campanula lactiflora
'Prichard's Variety'; P Smith: Campanula
punctata 'Cherry Bells'; L Thomas:
Campanula trachelium 'Bernice'; Lee
Thomas: Aconitum 'Stainless Steel'

242 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Astelia chathamica. GAP Photos:
Jonathan Buckley: Astelia chathamica.
Garden World Images: Gilles
Delacroix: Artemisia 'Powis Castle'.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus, The Old Vicarage,

East Ruston: Mathiasella bupleuroides
'Green Dream' 243 GAP Photos: Flora

Press: Gentiana lutea; Martin Hughes-
Jones: Berkheya macrocephala.
GardenPhotos.com: Judy White:
Phlomis russeliana 244 bloompictures:
Hemerocallis 'Cherry Cheeks'. GAP
Photos: Clive Nichols: Hemerocallis
'Pardon Me'. Garden Picture Library:

J S Sira: Hemerocallis 'Neyron Rose'.
Garden World Images: Hemerocallis
'Canadian Border Patrol', Hemerocallis
'Luxury Lace', Hemerocallis 'Prairie Blue
Eyes'; G Delacroix: Hemerocallis 'Luxury
Lace'; L Thomas: Hemerocallis 'Canadian
Border Patrol'. The Garden Collection:
Derek Harris: Hemerocallis 'Stoke Poges'
245 bloompictures: Hemerocallis
'Cream Drop'. GAP Photos: Adrian
Bloom: Hemerocallis 'Whichford'; Martin
Hughes-Jones: Hemerocallis 'Cathy's
Sunset'. Garden Picture Library:

M Bolton: Hemerocallis dumortieri; C
Burrows: Hemerocallis 'Little Wine Cup'.
Garden World Images: G Delacroix:
Hemerocallis 'Green Flutter'; G Harper:
Hemerocallis 'Lemon Bells'; T Jennings:
Hemerocallis 'Chicago Sunrise'. Peter
Stiles Photography: Hemerocallis
'Cartwheels'. The Garden Collection:
Andrew Lawson: Hemerocallis 'Bonanza';
Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Hemerocallis
'Black Magic' 246 Alamy: Holmes
Garden Photos: Euphorbia griffithii
'Fireglow'. Garden World Images:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Verbascum
'Cotswold Beauty' 247 Alamy: Holmes
Garden Photos: Achillea ptarmica 'The
Pearl'. GAP Photos: Lynn Keddie:
Achillea 'Belle Epoque'; J S Sira: Achillea
'Christine's Pink'. Garden World
Images: A Biddle: Achillea
'Lachsschonheit'; N R Colborn: Achillea
'Heidi'; G. Delacroix: Achillea millefolium
'Red Velvet'; D Rose: Achillea millefolium
'Kelwayi'; L Thomas: Achillea 'Terracotta'.
Getty: Martin Page: Achillea filipendulina
'Parker's Variety' 248 Alamy: Steffen
Hauser/botanikfoto: Helenium
'Feuersiegel'; Martin Hughes-Jones:
Helenium 'Potter's Wheel'; Leonie
Lambert: Lobelia cardinalis 'Queen
Victoria', Lobelia cardinalis 'Queen
Victoria'. Garden World Images: G.
Delacroix: Helenium 'Waltraut'; G Harper:
Helenium 'Indianersommer'; M Hughes-
Jones: Helenium 'Double Trouble',
Helenium 'Red Army', Helenium
'Rubinzwerg'. Photolibrary: Neil
Holmes: Helenium 'Butterpat' 249 Alamy:
John Martin: Aster 'Photograph'. Garden
World Images: G. Delacroix: Aster
x frikartii 'Wunder von Stafa'; MAP/A
Descat: Aster novae-angliae 'Rosa Sieger';
T Sims: Aster novi-belgii 'Carnival'.
GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice:

Aster 'Sunhelene'. Getty: Rob
Whitworth: Aster novi-belgii 'Chequers'.
Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Aster 'Little
Carlow', Aster novae-angliae 'Violetta';
Sunniva Harte: Aster 'Coombe Fishacre';
Stephen Henderson: Aster divaricatus

250 Alamy: Carole Drake: Salvia
glutinosa. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Salvia nemorosa 'Ostfriesland'; Jonathan
Buckley: Salvia guaranitica 'Black and
Blue'; Heather Edwards: Salvia patens;
John Glover: Salvia verticillata 'Purple
Rain'; Marcus Harpur: Salvia nemorosa
'Lubecca'; Neil Holmes: Salvia x sylvestris
'Blauhugel'. Garden World Images:
Gilles Delacroix: Salvia argentea. Salvia
nemorosa 'Caradonna', Salvia pratensis
'Indigo', Salvia pratensis 'Swan Lake';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Salvia pratensis
'Pink Delight'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Salvia nemorosa 'Amethyst'. Photolibrary:
Ron Evans: Salvia x sylvestris 'Mainacht'

251 Alamy: blickwinkel: Rudbeckia
fulgida var. speciosa; Organica: Rudbeckia
triloba; The Garden Picture Library:
Rudbeckia occidentalis 'Green Wizard'.

GAP Photos: Richard Bloom: Rudbeckia
maxima; Marcus Harpur: Kirengeshoma
palmata, Kirengeshoma palmata. Garden
World Images: Rudbeckia fulgida var.
deamii, Rudbeckia laciniata 'Herbstsonne';
John Martin: Rudbeckia fulgida var.
deamii. Photolibrary: Brian Carter:
Solidago 'Goldenmosa' 252 Garden
World Images: M Hughes-Jones:
Chrysanthemum 'Innocence'; J Need:
Chrysanthemum 'Chesapeake'.
GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice:
Chrysanthemum 'Emperor of China',
Chrysanthemum 'Nell Gwynn',
Chrysanthemum 'Purleigh White'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Ali
Cundy: Chrysanthemum 'Aunt Millicent',
Chrysanthemum 'Spartan Seagull'

253 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Chrysanthemum 'Duchess of Edinburgh'.
GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Chrysanthemum 'Cottage Apricot';
Howard Rice: Chrysanthemum 'Mary
Stoker'. Garden World Images:
Chrysanthemum 'Apollo', Chrysanthemum
'Doctor Tom Parr', Chrysanthemum
'Nantyderry Sunshine', Chrysanthemum
'Ruby Mound', Chrysanthemum 'Tapestry
Rose'; R Coates: Chrysanthemum 'Ruby
Mound'; R Ditchfield: Chrysanthemum
'Doctor Tom Parr'; G Harper:
Chrysanthemum 'Nantyderry Sunshine';
MAP/A Kubacsi: Chrysanthemum 'Apollo'.
GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice:
Chrysanthemum 'Bronze Elegance',
Chrysanthemum 'Grandchild',
Chrysanthemum 'Perry's Peach',
Chrysanthemum 'Sea Urchin'. John
McCormack: Chrysanthemum 'Chelsea
Physic Garden'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus/
NCCPG National Plant Collection:
Chrysanthemum 'Mrs Jessie Cooper',
Chrysanthemum 'Paul Boissier',
Chrysanthemum 'Rumpelstilzchen'.
Photoshot: Photos Horticultural:
Chrysanthemum 'Anastasia'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Ali
Cundy: Chrysanthemum 'Carmine Blush'

254 GAP Photos: FhF Greenmedia:
Kniphofia 'Atlanta'. Garden World
Images: Kniphofia 'Green Jade',

Kniphofia 'Prince Igor', Kniphofia 'Royal
Standard', Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed',
Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup',

Kniphofia caulescens, Kniphofia thomsonii
var. snowdenii; G Delacroix: Kniphofia
'Royal Standard'; D Gould: Kniphofia
'Prince Igor'; M Hughes-Jones: Kniphofia
'Wrexham Buttercup'; MAP/N Pasquel:
Kniphofia 'Green Jade'; T Sandell:
Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed'. Getty: Martin
Page: Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup'.
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows/GPL:
Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset'; Howard Rice/
GPL: Kniphofia rooperi 255 Alamy:
Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto: Convallaria
majalis. Garden World Images:
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus: Helleborus x ericsmithii 'Bob's
Best' 256 Alamy: GardenPhotos.com:
Cypripedium Ulla Silkens gx; Martin
Hughes-Jones: Geranium macrorrhizum
'Ingwersen's Variety'. GAP Photos:

FhF Greenmedia: Helleborus x ericsmithii
IVORY PRINCE; Andrea Jones:
Chrysosplenium macrophyllum; Gerald
Majumdar: Geranium macrorrhizum
'Ingwersen's Variety'. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus/Emile Becker: Helleborus
thibetanus. Photolibrary: Clive Nichols:
Bergenia 'Beethoven' 257 Alamy: John
Glover: Primula 'Guinevere', Primula
'Woodland Walk'; June Green: Primula
Husky Series [white]. GAP Photos:

J S Sira: Primula sieboldii 'Geisha Girl'.
Garden World Images: Primula 'Dawn
Ansell', Primula 'Lady Greer', Primula
vialii; T Sims: Primula 'Lady Greer';

D Wildridge: Primula 'Dawn Ansell'.
Science Photo Library (SPL): Bjanka
Kadic: Primula Crescendo Series
'Crescendo Pink and Rose Shades'

258 Alamy: John Glover: Primula
'Elizabeth Killelay'. GAP Photos:

Visions: Primula 'Don Keefe'. Garden
World Images: Primula 'Belarina Cobalt
Blue', Primula 'Mark'; L Thomas: Primula
'Belarina Cobalt Blue'. Photolibrary:
Sunniva Harte: Primula Crescendo Series
'Crescendo Bright Red' 259 Garden
World Images: M Hughes-Jones:

Primula 'Fransisca'. Photolibrary:
Sunniva Harte: Primula veris 'Katy
McSparron'. Picturesmiths Ltd:

R. Smith: Primula 'Trouble' 260 Alamy:
Karen Appleyard: Helleborus
purpurascens; Florapix: Lathyrus vernus.
Lathyrus vernus. Garden World
Images: Glaucidium palmatum, Lathraea
clandestina, Lathraea clandestina; Dr Alan
Beaumont: Lathraea clandestina, Lathraea
clandestina. The Garden Collection:
Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Epimedium
epsteinii 261 Alamy: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost'.
GAP Photos: Carole Drake, courtesy The
Sir Harold Hillier Gardens/Hampshire
County Council: Pulmonaria 'Lewis
Palmer'; Heather Edwards: Pulmonaria
'Mawson's Blue'. Garden World
Images: G Delacroix: Pulmonaria
'Margery Fish'; G. Delacroix: Pulmonaria
'Excalibur'; MAP/A Descat: Pulmonaria
'Mary Mottram'; L Thomas: Pulmonaria
OPAL Pulmonaria OPAL. Getty: Martin
Page: Mertensia virginica, Mertensia
virginica. Photolibrary: John Glover /
GPL: Pulmonaria rubra 'David Ward';
Howard Rice/GPL: Pulmonaria rubra

262 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Helleborus argutifolius 'Silver Lace';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Euphorbia
amygdaloides var. robbiae. Garden
World Images: F Davis: Helleborus
argutifolius 'Pacific Frost'. Photolibrary:
Howard Rice: Valeriana phu 'Aurea'

263 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library:
Doronicum orientale 'Magnificum'.
Garden World Images: Epimedium
'Amber Queen', Leucanthemum x
superbum 'Esther Read'; N R Colborn:
Epimedium 'Amber Queen'

264 Photolibrary: Joshua McCullough:
Deinanthe bifida. Photos Horticultural:
Diplarrhena moraea 265 Eric Crichton
Photos: Osteospermum jucundum.
Photolibrary: Rex Butcher: Dactylorhiza
foliosa. Science Photo Library (SPL):
A-Z Botanical Collection: Lychnis viscaria
'Splendens Plena' 266 Alamy: The
Garden Picture Library: Dianthus
'Inchmery'. Garden World Images:

T Sims: Dianthus 'Cranmere Pool'; L
Thomas: Dianthus 'Devon Dove', Dianthus
CANDY FLOSS, Dianthus LADY
MADONNA. GardenPhotos.com:
Graham Rice: Dianthus 'Brilliant Star',
Dianthus 'Evening Star'. Royal
Horticultural Society (RHS): Sue
Drew: Dianthus 'Coquette', Dianthus
'Milky Way' 267 Alamy: Christopher
Burrows: Dianthus superbus 'Crimsonia';
Glenn Harper: Dianthus 'Neon Star'.
Allwoods Nursery: Dianthus 'Tayside
Red'. Garden World Images: Dianthus
'Devon Wizard', Dianthus 'Fusilier',
Dianthus 'Lily the Pink', Dianthus 'Monica
Wyatt', Dianthus 'Moulin Rouge',

Dianthus 'Passion', Dianthus 'Pixie Star',
Dianthus 'Rose de Mai', Dianthus 'Tickled
Pink', Dianthus 'Valda Wyatt', Dianthus
FEUREHEXE, Dianthus STARLIGHT;

R Coates: Dianthus 'Monica Wyatt';

G Delacroix: G Harper: Dianthus 'Moulin
Rouge'; T Sims: Dianthus 'Rose de Mai';

L Thomas: Dianthus 'Fusilier', Dianthus
'Lily the Pink', Dianthus 'Passion',
Dianthus 'Pixie Star', Dianthus 'Tickled
Pink', Dianthus 'Valda Wyatt',

741

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

742

GardenPhotos.com: Graham Rice:
Dianthus 'India Star'. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Marianne
Majerus: Dianthus 'Queen of Sheba'.

Royal Horticultural Society (RHS):

Sue Drew: Dianthus 'Prado Mint'

268 Alamy: Christopher Burrows:
Potentilla 'Arc-en-ciel'; Cubolmages srl:
Stachys officinalis 'Hummelo'. Bleddyn
Wynn Jones: Crusea coccinea.
Photolibrary: Richard Bloom: Geum
'Bell Bank'. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Coreopsis 'Limerock Ruby'

269 GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley:
Berkheya purpurea. Garden World
Images: Tony Schilling: Ourisia coccinea

270 Alamy: Hillhead: Geranium
'Johnson's Blue' 271 Alamy: Cubolmages
srl: Geranium ROZANNE; Martin
Hughes-Jones: Amsonia orientalis.
Garden World Images: Myosotidium
hortensia 272 Alamy: Ros Drinkwater:
Hosta 'Invincible'; Holmes Garden
Photos: Hosta 'June'. GAP Photos: Dave
Bevan: Hosta 'Gold Edger'; Clive Nichols:
Hosta 'Night Before Christmas'. Garden
World Images: L Thomas: Hosta
'Minuteman'. GardenPhotos.com:
judywhite: Hosta 'Cherry Berry'

273 GAP Photos: Howard Rice: Hosta
'Brim Cup'; Jo Whitworth: Hosta lancifolia.
Garden World Images: G Delacroix:
Hosta 'Fragrant Bouquet'; Ellen McKnight:
Hosta 'Sagae'. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Hosta 'Hydon Sunset',
Hosta 'Remember Me', Hosta 'Revolution'.
The Garden Collection: Torie Chugg:
Hosta 'Tattoo' 274 Alamy: John Glover:
Mentha suaveolens 'Variegata', Mentha
suaveolens 'Variegata'. GAP Photos: Neil
Holmes: Artemisia ludoviciana 'Valerie
Finnis'. Garden World Images: Hosta
tokudama f. aureonebulosa 275 Alamy:
blickwinkel: Alchemilla conjuncta.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Stachys
byzantina 'Primrose Heron', Stachys
byzantina 'Primrose Heron'. Rosemary
Kautzky: photographersdirect.com:
Calanthe striata 276 Alamy: Holmes
Garden Photos: Tropaeolum polyphyllum
277 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Hieracium lanatum. GAP Photos:

Visions: Gaillardia 'Oranges and Lemons'.
Garden World Images: Richard Shiell:
Libertia ixioides 'Goldfinger' 278 Alamy:
The Garden Picture Library: Astrantia
maxima. GAP Photos: J S Sira: Astrantia
major' Roma'. John Fielding: Begonia
taliensis. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus: Begonia
grandis subsp. evansiana 279 GAP
Photos: Paul Debois: Sedum telephium
'Strawberries and Cream'. Garden
World Images: N Appleby: Sedum
'Matrona'; L Every: Sedum telephium
'Purple Emperor'; D Gould: Sedum
spectabile 'Iceberg'; G Harper: Sedum
telephium 'Gooseberry Fool'; L Thomas:
Sedum erythrostictum 'Mediovariegatum'.
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus: Sedum 'Red Cauli'.
Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Sedum
'Ruby Glow' 280 Alamy: John Glover:
Heuchera 'Plum Pudding', Heuchera
'Plum Pudding'. GAP Photos: Martin
Hughes-Jones: Agastache 'Black Adder',
Geranium 'Orion'. Garden World
Images: Bergenia purpurascens,
Tulbaghia violacea; Gilles Delacroix:
Bergenia purpurascens 281 GAP Photos:
FhF Greenmedia: Helleborus niger 'HGC
Joseph Lemper'; John Glover: Helleborus x
hybridus Harvington hybrids [single,
white]; Marcus Harpur: Helleborus x
hybridus Bradfield hybrids [double,
apricot with spots]; Howard Rice:
Helleborus x hybridus [single, apricot].
Garden World Images: L Thomas:
Helleborus niger 'Potter's Wheel',
Helleborus xnigercors. GardenPhotos.
com: Graham Rice: Helleborus x hybridus

[single, white with spots], Getty: Richard
Bloom: Helleborus x hybridus [double,
slate]; Jonathan Buckley: Helleborus
x hybridus Ashwood Garden hybrids
[double, black]; Dave Zubraski: Helleborus
x hybridus [single, yellow with spots].
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus/The Old Rectory,
Sudborough: Helleborus x hybridus
[single, yellow]. Peter Stiles
Photography: Helleborus x hybridus
[single, red]. Photolibrary: Clive Nichols
/GPL: Helleborus x hybridus Harvington
hybrids [double, apricot]; Garden Pix Ltd/
GPL: Helleborus x hybridus Ashwood
Garden hybrids [double, pink]; Anne
Green-Armytage/GPL: Helleborus
x hybridus [double, white]; Howard Rice:
Helleborus x hybridus [single, green];
Howard Rice/GPL: Helleborus x hybridus
[double, plum]. The Garden Collection:
Nicola Stocken Tomkins: Helleborus
x hybridus [double, white with spots]

282 GAP Photos: BBC Magazines Ltd:
Heuchera 'Black Beauty'; Jonathan
Buckley: Heuchera 'Silver Scrolls'; Lynn
Keddie: Heuchera 'Peppermint Spice';
Visions Premium: Heuchera 'Ginger Ale';
Rob Whitworth: Heuchera 'Ebony and
Ivory', Heuchera 'Southern Comfort'.
Garden World Images: Rita Coates:
Heuchera 'Midnight Rose'; G Delacroix:
Heuchera 'Purple Petticoats', Heuchera
sanguinea var. pulchra 'Snow Storm',
Heucherella tiarelloides 'Stoplight';

G. Delacroix: Heuchera 'Lime Rickey';
Richard Shiell: Heuchera 'Amber Waves';
L Thomas: Heuchera 'Beauty Colour',
Heuchera 'Blackbird', Heuchera 'Can-can',
Heuchera 'Georgia Peach', Heuchera
'Green Spice', Heuchera 'Peach Flambe',
Heuchera 'Tiramisu', Heuchera CREME
BRULEE, Heucherella tiarelloides
'Kimono'; D Wildridge: Heuchera 'Pewter
Moon'. GardenPhotos.com: Graham
Rice: Heuchera 'Cinnabar Silver'. Getty:
Jo Whitworth: Heuchera 'Chocolate
Ruffles' 283 Alamy: John Glover:
Helleborus foetidus Wester Flisk Group.
GAP Photos: Geoff Kidd: Ophiopogon
japonicus; Howard Rice: Helleborus
odorus; J S Sira: Helleborus cyclophyllus.
Garden World Images: Gilles
Delacroix: Dianella caerulea CASSA
BLUE. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus/Harveys
Garden Plants: Helleborus x sternii
'Boughton Beauty' 284 GAP Photos:
Mark Bolton: Cortaderia richardii.

Garden World Images: Gilles
Delacroix: Calamagrostis brachytricha
285 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library:
Miscanthus sinensis 'Yakushima Dwarf'.
GAP Photos: Adrian Bloom: Miscanthus
sinensis var. condensatus 'Cosmopolitan';
Ron Evans: Chionochloa rubra; Jo
Whitworth, location: Knoll Gardens:
Eragrostis curvula 'Totnes Burgandy'.
Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Molinia caerulea subsp. caerulea
'Heidebraut'. Photolibrary: Jerry Pavia:
Elegia capensis 286 GAP Photos: Carole
Drake, courtesy The Sir Harold Hillier
Gardens/Hampshire County Council:
Thamnocalamus crassinodus 'Kew
Beauty'. GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Miscanthus sinensis 'Gracillimus'. Getty:
Richard Bloom: Miscanthus sinensis
'Flamingo'; Rob Whitworth: Stipa
calamagrostis. Photolibrary: Stephen
Henderson: Molinia caerulea subsp.
arundinacea 'Transparent' 287 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Chimonobambusa
timidissinoda. GAP Photos: Howard
Rice: Ampelodesmos mauritanica
288 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Yushania anceps 'Pitt White'. GAP
Photos: BBC Magazines Ltd:
Phyllostachys aurea. Photoshot: Photos
Horticultural: Luzula sylvatica 'Hohe
Tatra' 289 Photolibrary: Adrian Bloom:

Panicum virgatum 'Northwind'. The
Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson:
Phyllostachys vivax f. aureocaulis
290 Alamy: Debbie Monique Jolliff:
Athyrium niponicum var. pictum
'Burgandy Lace'. Garden World
Images: Lee Thomas: Athyrium 'Ghost'
292 Eric Crichton Photos: Adiantum
venustum. Garden World Images: Lee
Thomas: Polystichum tsussimense. The
Garden Collection: Andrew Lawson:
Blechnum chilense 293 Alamy: Dave
Gowan: Polystichum munitum; John
Swithinbank: Dryopteris erythrosora.

The Garden Collection: Torie Chugg:
Polypodium cambricum 'Richard Kayse'
294-295 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski.
295 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (ftr); John
Glover (ftl); Sharon Pearson (tl); Dave
Zubraski (tr). 296 GAP Photos: Charles
Hawes (t); Martin Hughes-Jones (b).

298 Garden World Images: Anthony
Baggett: Dahlia Gallery Series 'Gallery
Art Fair'; Dr Alan Beaumont: Dahlia
Gallery Series 'Gallery Art Fair';

G Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia
DIAMOND FROST, Lobularia maritima
'Snow Crystals', Sutera cordata
Snowstorm Series GIANT SNOWFLAKE;
Gilles Delacroix: Euphorbia hypericifolia
DIAMOND FROST, Lobularia maritima
'Snow Crystals', Sutera cordata
Snowstorm Series GIANT SNOWFLAKE;
R Shiell: Zinnia xmarylandica Zahara
Series 'Zahara Starlight Rose'; Richard
Shiell: Zinnia xmarylandica Zahara Series
'Zahara Starlight Rose' 299 Garden
World Images: Euphorbia marginata,
Eustoma grandiflorum, Nicotiana x
sanderae 'Saratoga Series' [white]

300 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Argyranthemum 'Summer Melody'.
Garden World Images: Catharanthus
roseus Boa Series 'Boa Peach', Martynia
annua; R Shiell: Calibrachoa Caberet
Series LIGHT PINK, Catharanthus roseus
Boa Series 'Boa Peach'; Richard Shiell:
Calibrachoa Calibrachoa Caberet Series
LIGHT PINK, Catharanthus roseus Boa
Series 'Boa Peach'. Photolibrary: Chris
Burrows: Brachyscome 'Strawberry
Mousse'; Chris Burrows/GPL:
Brachyscome 'Strawberry Mousse'

301 Garden World Images:

N R Colborn: Diascia LITTLE DANCER;

G Delacroix: Lantana camara Lucky Series
LUCKY HONEY BLUSH; Trevor Sims:
Lathyrus odoratus Cupid Series 'Cupid
Pink'; L Thomas: Nemesia AMELIE,
Osteospermum Sunny Series 'Sunny
Marina'. The Garden Collection: Liz
Eddison: Gaura lindheimeri 'Rosyjane'

302 Garden World Images: Fuchsia
'Dollar Prinzessin', Fuchsia 'Nellie
Nuttall', Fuchsia 'Sunray', Fuchsia
triphylla 'Firecracker', Fuchsia Windchimes
Series 'Windchimes Pink and White';

G. Delacroix: Fuchsia Windchimes Series
'Windchimes Pink and White'; MAP/N
Pasquel: Fuchsia triphylla 'Firecracker';

P Smith: Fuchsia 'Sunray'. Marianne
Majerus Garden Images: Simon
Meaker: Fuchsia California Dreamers
Series 'Snowburner'. Young Plants
Limited: Fuchsia 'Joanna Lumley',
Fuchsia Mojo 'Beebop', Fuchsia
Shadowdancer PEGGY; Proven Winners:
Chris Wright Photography: Fuchsia
'Joanna Lumley' 303 GAP Photos: Geoff
Kidd: Primula Belarina Series BELARINA
PINK ICE. Garden World Images:
MAP/N Pasquel: Antirrhinum Luminaire
Series LUMINAIRE HOT PINK; MAP/
Nathalie Pasquel: Antirrhinum Luminaire
Series LUMINAIRE HOT PINK; R Shiell:
Petchoa Supercal Series SUPERCAL
NEON ROSE; Lee Thomas: Glandularia x
hybrida Aztec Magic Series AZTEC
DARK PINK MAGIC. Unwins Seeds
Ltd: Gomphrena globosa 304 Garden
World Images: Lobularia maritima

'Rosie O'Day', Schizanthus 'Dwarf
Bouquet' [mixed]. Unwins Seeds Ltd:
Iberis umbellata Fairy Series 305 Andrew
Lawson Photography: Clarkia amoena
'Sybil Sherwood'. Garden World
Images: Nicotiana x sanderae Saratoga
Series [deep rose] 306 Andrew Lawson
Photography: T Chugg: Zinnia elegans
Dreamland Series [scarlet]. GAP Photos:
Rob Whitworth: Antirrhinum majus
'Black Prince'. Garden World Images:

G Delacroix: Calibrachoa Million Bells
Series MILLION BELLS CHERRY PINK;
Simon Keeble: Brassica Northern Lights
Series; Richard Shiell: Catharanthus
roseus Cobra Series 'Cobra Burgundy';

L Thomas: Cuphea x purpurea
'Firecracker', Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE
ROMEO; Thompson & Morgan:

Cosmos atrosanguineus CHOCAMOCHA

307 Garden World Images: Eric
Crichton: Nemesia strumosa Carnival
Series; Dan Sams: Impatiens Expo Series
'Expo Pink'; Richard Shiell: Glandularia
x hybrida Corsage Series 'Corsage Red';
Trevor Sims: Tropaeolum majus 'Hermine
Grashoff'. Photolibrary: J S Sira: Zinnia
x marylandica Profusion Series 'Profusion
Cherry'. Thompson & Morgan:
Impatiens walleriana MASQUERADE

308 Garden World Images: Salvia
splendens Vista Series [red], Tagetes
'Cinnabar'. Photoshot: Alonsoa
warscewiczii. Unwins Seeds Ltd:

Petunia 'Mirage Velvet' 309 Chris
Burrows: Pelargonium Horizon Deva
Series 'Horizon Deva Raspberry Ripple'.
GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:
Pelargonium Antik Series ANTIK
SALMON; Graham Strong: Pelargonium
Maverick Series 'Maverick Star'. Garden
World Images: R Coates: Pelargonium
Regalia Series 'Regalia Chocolate';

J Spears: Pelargonium BLUE WONDER;

L Thomas: Pelargonium Bulls Eye Series
'Bulls Eye Salmon', Pelargonium
Fireworks Series FIREWORKS
SCARLET. Photolibrary: Chris
Burrows/GPL: Pelargonium Decora Series
'Decora Dark Pink', Pelargonium Horizon
Deva Series 'Horizon Deva Orange Ice';
Andrew Lord/GPL: Pelargonium 'Evka'
310 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH:
Heliotropium arborescens. Garden
World Images: MAP/N Pasquel:
Solenostemon scutellarioides Kong Series
'Kong Scarlet'; 311 GAP Photos:
Christina Bollen: Lobelia erinus Waterfall
Series 'Waterfall Light Lavender'; J S Sira:
Petunia Petunia Surfinia Series
SURFINIA BLUE VEIN, Solenostemon
scutellarioides 'Inky Fingers'. Garden
World Images: G Delacroix: Ipomoea
batatas 'Blackie', Osteospermum Cape
Daisy Series NASINGA PURPLE,
Solenostemon 'Chocolate Mint'; Steffen
Hauser: Pennisetum glaucum 'Purple
Majesty'; T Sims: Dahlia HAPPY SINGLE
WINK; L Thomas: Angelonia angustifolia
AngelMist Series 'AngelMist Lavender
Stripe', Petunia Tumbelina Series
PRISCILLA. Photolibrary: Photos
Lamontagne/GPL: Alternanthera dentata
'Purple Knight'. The Garden Collection:
Liz Eddison: Strobilanthes dyerinanus
312 GAP Photos: Friedrich Strauss:

Viola x wittrockiana Sorbet Series 'Sorbet
Black Delight'. Garden Picture Library:
Cerinthe major 'Purpurascens'. Garden
World Images: Nierembergia linariifolia
'Purple Robe', Gilles Delacroix:
Glandularia x hybrida Aztec Magic Series
AZTEC SILVER MAGIC, Pennisetum
setaceum 'Rubrum'. Suttons Seeds:

Viola x wittrockiana Imperial Series
'Imperial Frosty Rose' 313 GAP Photos:
Marcus Harpur: Myosotis Sylva Series.
Garden World Images: Campanula
medium 'Bells of Holland', Salvia sclarea
var. turkestanica , Trachelium caeruleum,
Gilles Delacroix: Viola x wittrockiana

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

Ultima Radiance Series [deep blue];
Trevor Sims: Salvia sclarea var.
turkestanica. Thompson & Morgan:
Isotoma Avant-Garde Series 314 Alamy:
Anna Yu: Salvia farinacea 'Strata'.

Garden World Images: Lee Thomas:
Lobelia erinus Waterfall Series 'Waterfall
Blue', Pericallis Senetti Series SENETTI
BLUE BICOLOR 315 Alpine Garden
Society: Cynoglossum amabile
'Firmament'. Garden World Images:
Commelina coelestis, Myosotis sylvatica
'Blue Ball' 316 Alamy: Christopher
Burrows: Petunia Surfinia Series
SURFINIA LIME. Garden World
Images: Gilles Delacroix: Zinnia elegans
'Envy' 317 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH:
Begonia x tuberhybrida Mocha Series
[Scarlet]. Garden World Images:

G. Delacroix: Begonia 'Dragon Wing Red',
Begonia 'Ikon White Blush'; R Shiell:
Begonia Illumination Series 'Illumination
Salmon Pink', Begonia x tuberhybrida Non
Stop Series [White], The Garden
Collection: Liz Eddison: Begonia
boliviensis 'Bonfire' 318 Garden World
Images: MAP/Nathalie Pasquel: Perilla
'Magilla Vanilla'; MAP/Nicole et Patrick
Mioulane: Ipomoea batatus 'Margarita'.
Photolibrary: Chris Burrows: Viola
'Green Goddess'; Stephen Henderson:
Setaria macrostachya 319 Eric Crichton
Photos: Argyranthemum 'Jamaica
Primrose'. Garden World Images:
Brugmansia x Candida 'Grand Marnier',
Gilles Delacroix: Antirrhinum majus
Liberty Classic Series 'Liberty Yellow';

Lee Thomas: Duranta erecta 'Gold Edge'.
Photolibrary: Photos Lamontagne/GPL:
Argyranthemum BUTTERFLY, Bidens
'Gold Star' 320 GAP Photos: Friedrich
Strauss: Nemesia Sunsatia Series
SUNSATIA MANGO. Garden World
Images: Antirrhinum majus Chimes
Series [yellow]. Photolibrary: Photos
Lamontagne/GPL: xerochrysum
bracteatum Sundaze Series SUNDAZE
GOLD. Thompson & Morgan:

Rudbeckia hirta 'Toto Gold' 321 Photos
Horticultural: Calendula officinalis
'Daisy May'. Thompson & Morgan:
Platystemon californicus 322 GAP
Photos: Paul Debois: Mimulus Magic
Series 'Magic Yellow Blotch' 323 Alamy:
Cubolmages srl: Gazania Daybreak Series
'Daybreak Bright Yellow'. Garden World
Images: Trevor Sims: Carthamus
tinctorius. Photolibrary: Michael Davis:
Viola x wittrockiana Angel Series 'Tiger
Eye'; J S Sira: Lysimachia congestiflora
'Outback Sunset' 324 Alamy: Kevin
Wheal Commercial: Gazania Kiss Series
'Kiss Orange Flame'. Garden World
Images: Erysimum x allionii 'Orange
Bedder', Gilles Delacroix: Portulaca
Sundial Series 'Mango' 325 GAP
Photos: Friedrich Strauss: Impatiens
Sunpatiens Series SUNPATIENS
COMPACT ORANGE. Garden World
Images: Calendula officinalis Fiesta
Gitana Group, Richard Shiell: Impatiens
Fusion Series FUSION PEACH FROST
326 Garden World Images: Calendula
officinalis 'Geisha Girl', Coreopsis 'Rum
Punch'; Lee Thomas: Coreopsis 'Rum
Punch' 327 Eric Crichton Photos:
Gaillardia pulchella 'Lollipops'. Garden
World Images: Solanum pseudocapsicum
'Red Giant'. Photolibrary: Photos
Lamontagne/GPL: Dahlia Dahlietta
Surprise Kelly. Plant Pictures World
Wide: Eschscholzia californica Thai Silk
Series 328-329 GAP Photos: Christina
Bollen. 329 GAP Photos: Lee Avison (tl).
330 GAP Photos: Elke Borkowski (r).

332 Alamy: WILDLIFE GmbH: Pulsatilla
alpina. GAP Photos: John Glover:
Cassiope tetragona 333 Garden World
Images: Saxifraga 'Tumbling Waters'.
Photolibrary: Mark Turner: Dodecatheon
hendersonii. The Garden Collection:
Andrew Lawson: Dodecatheon meadia

I f. album, Jeffersonia diphylla 334 Alpine
Garden Society: Aquilegia alpina.
Daphne x hendersonii 'Blackthorn Rose',
Phyllodoce empetriformis. Garden
World Images: Omphalodes verna.

I Photolibrary: Harald Lange: Pulsatilla
halleri 335 Eric Crichton Photos:
Aurinia saxatilis 'Variegata'. Garden
World Images: Chiastophyllum
oppositifolium. Photolibrary: Howard
Rice: Corydalis cheilanthifolia 336
Alamy: AP: Armeria pseudarmeria
337 Clive Nichols: Saxifraga callosa.
Garden World Images: Hebe vernicosa;
Derek Gould: Diascia ICE CRACKER
338 Garden World Images:
Rhodothamnus chamaecistus. The
Garden Collection: Torie Chugg: Oxalis
tetraphylla 339 Alpine Garden Society:
Dianthus carthusianorum. Garden World
Images: Martin Hughes-Jones: Crassula
sarcocaulis 340 The Garden Collection:
Andrew Lawson: Origanum laevigatum
342 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Phyteuma scheuchzeri. Alpine Garden
Society: Lithodora oleifolia. Garden
World Images: Convolvulus sabatius
343 Eric Crichton Photos: Hypericum
olympicum f. uniflorum 'Citrinum',
Lithodora diffusa 'Heavenly Blue'

345 Alamy: National Geographic Image
Collection: Ononis natrix. Eric Crichton
Photos: Helianthemum 'Ben More'

346 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/botanikfoto:
Ceratostigma plumbaginoides. Garden
World Images: Gaultheria cuneata.
Ranunculus calandrinioides.
Photolibrary: DEA: Sorbus reducta
347 Alpine Garden Society: Androsace
vandellii. Garden World Images: Hebe

I cupressoides 'Boughton Dome'

348 Photolibrary: Rex Butcher:

Weldenia Candida 349 Garden World
Images: Gilles Delacroix: Leptinella
atrata subsp. luteola 350 Alpine Garden
Society: Paraquilegia anemonoides
351 Garden World Images: Daphne
arbuscula, Epigaea gaultherioides
352 Garden World Images: Arabis
alpina subsp. caucasica 'Douler Angevine',
Silene acaulis; Dave Bevan: Arabis alpina
subsp. caucasica 'Douler Angevine'

354 Garden World Images: Lee
Thomas: Aubrieta 'Greencourt Purple'.
Photos Horticultural: Soldanella villosa
355 Alpine Garden Society: Jancaea
heldreichii. Spectrum Photofile:
Aubrieta 'Purple Charm' 356 Alamy:
blickwinkel: Mertensia maritima. Garden
World Images: Martin Hughes-Jones:
Viola cornuta 'Minor' 357 GAP Photos:
Juliette Wade: Ranunculus ficaria Flore
Pleno Group. Garden World Images:
Draba longisiliqua, Draba rigida,

Saxifraga x elizabethae 358 Garden
World Images: Erysimum helveticum
359 Garden World Images: Viola
aetolica 360 Alpine Garden Society:
Lewisia rediviva [white form] 361 Eric
Crichton Photos: Carlina acaulis.
Garden World Images: Alstroemeria
hookeri 362 Alpine Garden Society:
Convolvulus althaeoides 363 Garden
World Images: Dianthus pavonius
364 Alamy: Bob Gibbons: Pterocephalus
perennis. Alpine Garden Society:
Dianthus alpinus. Eric Crichton Photos:
Dianthus 'Annabelle' 365 Alpine
Garden Society: Lewisia rediviva [pink
form] 367 Garden World Images: Viola
'Nellie Britton' 368 Alamy: Brian &
Sophia Fuller: Pinguicula grandiflora.
Alpine Garden Society: Aquilegia
jonesii. Eric Crichton Photos:
Edraianthus pumilio 369 Eric Crichton
Photos: Globularia cordifolia. GAP
Photos: Neil Holmes: Polygala calcarea
'Lillet'. Garden World Images:
Cyananthus microphyllus, Townsendia
grandiflora 370 GAP Photos: Michael
Howes: Gentiana 'Inverleith', Gentiana
I 'Shot Silk'. Garden World Images:

Gentiana sino-ornata; Jenny Lilly:

Gentiana 'Soutra'; Lee Thomas: Gentiana
'Blue Silk'. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus: Gentiana
'Ettrick', Gentiana 'Eugen's Allerbester'.
Muriel Hodgeman: Eritrichium nanum.
Photolibrary: Sunniva Harte:

Parochetus communis. The Garden
Collection: Jonathan Buckley: Gentiana
'Strathmore' 371 Garden World
Images: Dave Bevan: Gunnera
magellanica 373 Eric Crichton Photos:
Gaultheria procumbens. Garden World
Images: Hippocrepis comosa, Nertera
granadensis 375 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto: Paronychia kapela subsp.
serpyllifolia; Organica: Arabis procurrens
'Variegata'. Garden World Images:
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 'Point Reyes'

376 Alpine Garden Society:
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 377 Fernwood
Nursery: Sempervivum 'Blood Tip',
Sempervivum 'Gallivarda', Sempervivum
'Guile Dame', Sempervivum 'Kappa',
Sempervivum 'Rosie', Sempervivum
calcareum 'Extra'. Photolibrary: Frederic
Didillon: Sempervivum calcareum
378-379 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom.

379 GAP Photos: Carole Drake (ftl);
Dianna Jazwinski (tl); Clive Nichols (ftr).

380 Corbis: Clive Nichols (bl). GAP
Photos: (fcla); FhF Greenmedia (fcl);
Virginia Grey (cl); Geoff Kidd (cla). Getty
Images: Wally Eberhart (bl/tuber).
Marianne Majerus Garden Images:
Marianne Majerus, Goodnestone Park
Gardens (br). 382 Alamy: MBP-Plants:
Fritillaria imperialis 'Lutea'. Eric
Crichton Photos: Fritillaria persica.

GAP Photos: Sabina Ruber: Fritillaria
persica 'Ivory Bells'. Getty: Ron Evans:
Allium aflatunense. Photolibrary: Chris
Burrows: Ornithogalum magnum

383 Alamy: Michel Foret: Fritillaria
recurva; Jacky Parker: Gladiolus murielae

384 Alamy: Cubolmages srl: Gladiolus
'Wine and Roses'. GAP Photos: John
Glover: Gladiolus 'White Prosperity';
Martin Hughes-Jones: Gladiolus
'Impressive'; Visions: Gladiolus 'Blue
Frost', Gladiolus 'Columbine', Gladiolus
'Her Majesty', Gladiolus 'Morning Gold',
Gladiolus 'Nova Lux', Gladiolus 'Nymph',
Gladiolus 'Oscar', Gladiolus 'Purple Flora',
Gladiolus 'Velvet Eyes'. Garden World
Images: Gladiolus 'Green Woodpecker'.
Getty: Gerald Majumdar: Gladiolus
'Stella'. Photoshot: Photos Horticultural:
Gladiolus 'Sancerre' 385 Alamy: The
National Trust Photolibrary:

Cardiocrinum giganteum. GAP Photos:
Carole Drake: Allium 'Mount Everest'.
Garden World Images: Watsonia
meriana; John Martin: Allium 'Mount
Everest'. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Marianne Majerus, Rita Streitz:
Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl'

386 Garden World Images: Notholirion
campanulatum, Watsonia borbonica

387 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Alstroemeria 'Blushing Bride'. GAP
Photos: Howard Rice: Alstroemeria
'Apollo', Alstroemeria 'Moulin Rouge',
Alstroemeria 'Serenade'; Visions:
Alstroemeria 'Inca Ice', Alstroemeria 'Inca
Tropic', Alstroemeria 'Tara'. Garden
World Images: G Harper: Alstroemeria
'Friendship'; J Lloyd: Alstroemeria
psittacina; MAP/A Descat: Alstroemeria
aurea 'Orange King'; L Thomas:
Alstroemeria PRINCESS ARIANE,
Alstroemeria PRINCESS JULIETA.
Science Photo Library (SPL): Neil Joy:
Alstroemeria 'Red Beauty'. Viv Marsh:
Alstroemeria 'Elvira' 388 Alamy: Gig
Binder: Lilium 'White Heaven'. Andrew
Lawson Photography: Lilium 'Arena',
Lilium 'Sterling Star'. Garden World
Images: Lilium 'Altari', Lilium 'Black
Magic', Lilium 'Olivia'; G Delacroix: Lilium
'Altari'. Photolibrary: James Guilliam/

GPL: Lilium TRIUMPHATOR Lilium
TRIUMPHATOR. Science Photo
Library (SPL): Ian Gowland: Lilium
'Lady Alice'. The Garden Collection:
Derek Harris: Lilium 'Nymph'

389 Alamy: Chris Burrows/GPL: Lilium
cernuum; Brian Hoffman: Lilium 'Elodie';
The Garden Picture Library: Lilium
cernuum. Andrew Lawson
Photography: Lilium lankongense.

GAP Photos: Paul Debois: Lilium 'Tiger
Woods'; Clive Nichols: Lilium 'Miss Lucy';
Visions: Lilium 'Star Fighter', Lilium
'Sweet Lord'. Garden World Images: G.
Delacroix: Lilium 'Tom Pouce'; N Johnson:
Lilium 'Netty's Pride'. GardenPhotos.
com: Graham Rice: Lilium 'Sumatra'.
Jerry Harpur: Cherry Williams: Lilium
'Rosita'. Photolibrary: Sarah Cuttle/

GPL: Lilium 'Black Out' 390 Andrew
Lawson Photography: Lilium regale
'Royal Gold', Lilium rosthornii. Garden
Library: Lilium 'Roma'. Garden World
Images: Lilium 'Bright Star', G Delacroix:
Lilium 'Conca d’Or'; Floramedia: Lilium
'Boogie Woogie'; John Swithinbank:
Lilium leichtlinii. Jerry Harpur: Lilium
'Limelight'. Photolibrary: Richard
Bloom/GPL: Lilium Citronella Group
391 Alamy: Martin Hughes-Jones:

Lilium African Queen Group. Andrew
Lawson Photography: Lilium 'Crimson
Pixie', Lilium 'Karen North', Lilium
pomponium. GAP Photos: Graham
Strong: Lilium 'Orange Electric'. Garden
Library: Lilium 'Gran Paradiso', Lilium
'Red Carpet'. Picturesmiths Ltd.: Lilium
'Grand Cru' 392 GAP Photos: Clive
Nichols: Allium atropurpureum; Clive
Nichols, Design: Angel Collins: Allium
'Gladiator'. Photolibrary: Suzie Gibbons:
Allium 'Globemaster' 393 Garden World
Images: Lilium Golden Splendor Group
394 Alamy: John Henwood: Canna
'Brillant'. GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Canna 'Lucifer', Canna 'Lucifer'; Sarah
Cuttle: Canna 'Richard Wallace'; Neil
Holmes: Canna 'Picasso'. Garden World
Images: Anthony Baggett: Canna 'Louis
Cottin', Canna x ehemanii; Eric Crichton:
Canna 'Striata'; G. Delacroix: Canna
'Ambassadour'. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Canna 'Stuttgart'. Photolibrary: Mark
Bolton: Canna 'Durban'; Mark Bolton/
GPL: Canna 'Durban'; David Cavagnaro:
Canna 'Konigin Charlotte', Canna
'Konigin Charlotte'. Reedy Meadow
Nursery: Canna 'Wyoming', Canna
'Wyoming' 395 Garden World Images:
Amaryllis belladonna 'Hathor', Canna
iridiflora. Gladiolus papilio, Zantedeschia
'Cameo'; Liz Cole: Zantedeschia 'Cameo'

396 Alamy: Holmes Garden Photos:
Dahlia 'White Moonlight'. Aylett
Nurseries: Dahlia 'White Ballet'. GAP
Photos: Lucy Griffiths: Dahlia 'Eveline'.
Garden World Images: T Sandell:

Dahlia 'Cafe au Lait'. Peter Stiles
Photography: Dahlia 'B. J. Beauty'

397 Alamy: John Maud: Dahlia 'Tiptoe'.
GAP Photos: Jonathan Buckley: Dahlia
'Bishop of Auckland'; Clive Nichols:

Dahlia 'Carolina Moon'; J S Sira: Dahlia
'Gerrie Hoek'; Visions: Dahlia 'Karma
Choc', Dahlia 'Natal', Dahlia 'Sorbet';
Visions/Elburg Botanic Media: Dahlia
'New Dimension'. GardenPhotos.com:
Graham Rice: Dahlia 'Gallery Art
Nouveau'. Photolibrary: Ron Evans:
Dahlia 'Franz Kafka'; Michael Howes:
Dahlia 'Cornel'; Ellen Rooney: Dahlia
'Ruskin Charlotte' 398 Alamy: RDE
Flora: Dahlia 'Ellen Huston'. Eric
Crichton Photos: Dahlia 'Comet'. GAP
Photos: Graham Rice: Dahlia 'Happy
Single First Love'. Garden World
Images: T Jennings: Dahlia 'Bishop

of York'. P-Pod: Dahlia 'Moonglow'.
Photolibrary: Richard Surman: Dahlia
'Alva's Supreme' 399 Garden World
Images: Pamianthe peruviana. Getty:

743

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

744

Clive Nichols: Ornithogalum nutans.
Trecanna Nursery: Bellevalia romana
400 Alamy: John Glover: Tulipa 'Shirley'.
Eric Crichton Photos: Tulipa 'Purissima'.
GAP Photos: Visions: Tulipa 'Esperanto'.
Garden World Images: Nathalie
Pasquel: Tulipa 'Albert Heijn' 401 Alamy:
West Country Images: Tulipa 'Ballerina'.
GAP Photos: Clive Nichols: Tulipa 'Abu
Hassan'; Visions: Tulipa 'Black Hero',
Tulipa 'Negrita' 403 Alamy: Organica:
Ixiolirion tataricum. GAP Photos: Clive
Nichols: Anemone coronaria De Caen
Group 'Mister Fokker'; Visions:
Hyacinthus orientalis 'Blue Jacket'

404 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Narcissus 'Fragrant Breeze'. Photoshot:
Photos Horticultural: Narcissus 'Mount
Hood' 405 GAP Photos: Rob Whitworth:
Narcissus 'Sir Winston Churchill'.

Garden World Images: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Narcissus 'Jenny' 407 Alamy:
Cubolmages srl: Ferraria crispa. GAP
Photos: J S Sira: Triteleia ixioides
'Starlight' 408 Alamy: Hideo Kurihara:
Habenaria radiata. Eric Crichton
Photos: Ornithogalum thyrsoides.
Garden World Images: Ornithogalum
arabicum 409 Alamy: Christopher
Burrows: Calochortus superbus;
Plantography: Eucomis pallidiflora; The
Garden Picture Library: Tritonia disticha
subsp. rubrolucens. GAP Photos:
Jonathan Buckley: Allium schubertii.

The Garden Collection: Jonathan
Buckley: Allium neapolitanum Cowanii
Group 410 GAP Photos: Martin Hughes-
Jones: Crocosmia 'Severn Sunrise';

Visions Premium: Crocosmia 'Honey
Angels'. Marianne Majerus Garden
Images: Andrew Lawson: Crocosmia
'Star of the East'; Marianne Majerus:
Crocosmia 'George Davison'.
Photolibrary: Mark Bolton: Crocosmia
'Solfatare' 411 GAP Photos: Richard
Bloom: Camassia quamash; J S Sira:
Roscoea auriculata, Triteleia laxa
'Koningin Fabiola'. Photolibrary:
Michele Lamontagne: Tulbaghia simmleri
412 GAP Photos: J S Sira: Ismene
x spofforthiae 'Sulphur Queen'. Garden
World Images: Arisaema griffithii,
Eucomis bicolor. Ranunculus asiaticus
var. flavus 413 Alamy: Emmanuel Lattes:
Tigridia pavonia. Photos Horticultural:
Nerine 'Orion' 414 Garden World
Images: Eucharis amazonica,
Ornithogalum balansae 415 Alamy:
Jacquie Green: Hyacinthus orientalis
'White Pearl'. International Flower
Bulb Centre: Iris 'Natascha'.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Muscari
botryoides 'Album' 416 Alamy: Elizabeth
Whiting & Associates: Allium acuminatum;
WoodyStock: Ornithogalum umbellatum.
GAP Photos: John Glover: Scilla siberica
'Alba'. Garden World Images: Anemone
tschaernjaewii 417 Alamy: idp crocus
collection: Crocus chrysanthus
'Zwanenberg Bronze'. Garden World
Images: Crocus 'Blue Bird', Crocus
'Cream Beauty', Crocus 'Eyecatcher',
Crocus speciosus 'Conqueror'. Pat
Brindley: Crocus vernus 'Remembrance'.
Photolibrary: Howard Rice: Crocus
goulimyi; Francesca York: Crocus vernus
'Queen of the Blues' 418 Alamy: Bob
Gibbons: Babiana rubrocyanea; J
Marshall - Tribaleye Images: Sparaxis
tricolor. GAP Photos: Visions: Iris 'Pixie'
420 Garden World Images: Tecophilaea
cyanocrocus var. leichtlinii 421 Alamy:
Holmes Garden Photos: Puschkinia
scilloides var. libanotica. Garden World
Images: Crocus 'Blue Pearl', Hyacinthella
leucophaea 422 Garden World Images:
Allium narcissiflorum. Cyclamen
purpurascens, Dipcadi serotinum
423 Garden World Images: Scilla
peruviana. Photolibrary: Chris Burrows:
Anomatheca laxa 424 Alamy: Neil Overy:
Acis autumnalis. Garden World Images:

Chlidanthus fragrans 425 Garden World
Images: Cyclamen graecum 426 Garden
World Images: Colchicum autumnale.
Cyclamen rohlfsianum 427 GAP Photos:
Mark Bolton: Galanthus 'Hill Poe'

428 GAP Photos: Richard Bloom:
Cyclamen coum Pewter Group 'Maurice
Dryden'. Garden World Images:
Galanthus nivalis 'Sandersii'. Getty:
Garden Picture/Photolibrary: Galanthus
woronowii 429 Garden World Images:
Lachenalia aloides 'Nelsonii', Lachenalia
aloidesvar. quadricolor 430-431 GAP
Photos: Fiona Lea. 431 GAP Photos:
Pernilla Bergdahl (tl); Jo Whitworth (tr);
Mark Bolton (ftr); S&O (ftl). 432 GAP
Photos: (era). 435 Garden World
Images: Caltha leptosepala, Hottonia
palustris. Science Photo Library (SPL):
Aponogeton distachyos, Stratiotes aloides
436 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Filipendula ulmaria 437 GAP Photos:
Frederic Didillon: Rodgersia sambucifolia

438 Corbis: Markus Botzek: Nelumbo
nucifera. Garden World Images:

G. Delacroix: Filipendula rubra;

M Hughes-Jones: Cardamine pratensis
Cardamine pratensis. Photoshot: Dave
Watts: Cardamine raphanifolia

439 GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Geum coccineum. Lobelia cardinalis.
Getty: John & Barbara Gerlach:
Sarracenia purpurea Sarracenia
purpurea. Photolibrary: Claire Takacs:
Iris fulva 440 Eric Crichton Photos:
Nymphaea 'James Brydon' 441 Corbis:
Fred Hirschmann/Science Faction: Iris
setosa. Frank Lane Picture Agency
(FLPA): Winfried Wisniewski: Iris
sibirica. Garden World Images:

M Hughes-Jones: Iris ensata.
GardenPhotos.com: judywhite:
Myosotis scorpioides 'Mermaid'.
Photoshot: Michael Warren: Lobelia
siphilitica. Science Photo Library
(SPL): Pontederia cordata. The Garden
Collection: Liz Eddison: Mimulus
ringens 442 Biophoto Associates:
Potamogeton crispus. Garden World
Images: Sparganium erectum.
Photolibrary: Ulrich Niehoff: Iris
versicolor 443 Photolibrary: Fredrik
Ehrenstrom: Myriophyllum verticillatum.
Photoshot: Michael Warren: Peltandra
virginica 444 Alamy: Arco Images
GmbH: Nymphoides peltata 445 Frank
Lane Picture Agency (FLPA): Michael
Durham: Mimulus x hybrida. GAP
Photos: Richard Bloom: Ligularia 'Britt
Marie Crawford' 446-447 GAP Photos:
Martin Hughes-Jones. 447 GAP Photos:
Lee Avison (tl); Frederic Didillon (ftr);
John Glover (ftl); Jo Whitworth (tr).

448 Alamy Images: Douglas Peebles
Photography (bl). GAP Photos: Jerry
Harpur (r); Visions (cl). 450 Garden
World Images: Bauhinia variegata,
Chorisia speciosa. Photolibrary: Gerry
Whitmont: Brachychiton acerifolius

451 GAP Photos: Trevor Nicholson
Christie: Jacaranda mimosifolia

452 Garden World Images: Ficus
benghalensis 453 Garden World
Images: Sparrmannia africana,

Spathodea campanulata. Photolibrary:
Ed Reschke: Calliandra eriophylla

454 P-Pod: Plectranthus fructicosus
'James' 455 Garden World Images:
Epacris impressa, Medinilla magnifica;
Sam Tran: Medinilla magnifica
456 Garden World Images: Gilles
Delacroix: Ixora coccinea 457 Garden
World Images: Polygala x dalmaisiana,
Tibouchina urvilleana 459 Garden
World Images: Senna corymbosa. Senna
didymobotrya 460 Garden World
Images: Lophospermum erubescens
461 Alamy: The Garden Picture Library:
Mandevilla x amabilis 'Alice du Pont'.

GAP Photos: Jerry Harpur: Clytostoma
callistegioides. Photos Horticultural:
Agapetes variegata var. macrantha

462 Eric Crichton Photos: Passiflora
quadrangularis. Garden Picture
Library: Hardenbergia violacea 'Happy
Wanderer'. Garden World Images:
Aristolochia littoralis 464 Garden World
Images: Streptosolen jamesonii
465 Alamy: blickwinkel: Episcia
dianthiflora. Photolibrary: Chris
Burrows: Streptocarpus 'Crystal Ice'

467 Alamy: Cubolmages srl:
Paphiopedilum armeniacum. Garden
World Images: MAP/Arnaud Descat:
Phragmipedium besseae. Photolibrary:
Paroli Galperti: Paphiopedilum
rothschildianum 469 GAP Photos:

J S Sira: Tradescantia zebrina. Garden
World Images: Achimenes 'Little
Beauty' 470 Garden World Images:
Russelia equisetiformis, Sinningia
'Switzerland'; Gilles Delacroix: Russelia
equisetiformis 471 Alamy: Cubolmages
srl: Episcia cupreata 472 Bleddyn Wynn
Jones: Peliosanthes arisanensis. Dibleys
Nurseries: Saintpaulia 'Falling
Raindrops', Saintpaulia 'Powder Keg'.
Garden World Images: Browallia
speciosa 473 Alamy: Steffen Hauser/
botanikfoto: Hemigraphis repanda. GAP
Photos: Lynn Keddie: Streptocarpus
'Amanda' 474 Photolibrary: Georgianna
Lane: Asparagus densiflorus 476 Garden
World Images: Impatiens repens
477 Alamy: Christopher Burrows:
Roscoea scillifolia; Tim Gainey: Costus
speciosus; Inga Spence: Curcuma petiola.
Bleddyn Wynn Jones: Hedychium
stenopetalum. Dave Skinner: Alpinia
hainanensis, Cornukaempferia aurantiflora
'Jungle Gold', Curcuma zedoaria,
Hedychium thyrsiforme. GAP Photos:
Martin Hughes-Jones: Hedychium
yunnanense. Marianne Majerus
Garden Images: Marianne Majerus:
Hedychium maximum 478 Garden
World Images: Aeschynanthus
speciosus 482 Alamy: John Glover:
Agave americana 'Marginata'. Roy
Mottram: Agave macroacantha. Agave
parrasana. Agave polianthiflora. Agave
potatorum 483 Garden World Images:

J Lilly: Rebutia 'Carnival' 484 Roy
Mottram: Rebutia 'Jenny' 485 Alamy:
GFC Collection: Frithia pulchra
486 Photolibrary: Harald Lange:
Adenium obesum 488 Garden World
Images: Schlumbergera 'Bristol Beauty'
490 Garden World Images: Kalanchoe
tomentosa 493 Roy Mottram: Aloe
hemmingii 494 Alamy: shapencolour:
Mammillaria elongata 496 Alamy: John
Glover: Kalanchoe delagoensis.

All other images © Dorling Kindersley

www.dkimages.com

The publishers would like to thank all those
who generously assisted the photographers
and provided plants for photography, in
particular the curators, directors and staff
of the following organizations and those
private individuals listed below. Special
thanks are due to those at the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, and the Royal Horticultural
Society's Garden, Wisley, for their
invaluable assistance and support.

African Violet Centre, Terrington St
Clement, Norfolk; Ken Akers, Great
Saling, Essex; Jacques Amand Ltd,
Clamphill, Middx; Anmore Exotics,
Havant, Hants; David Austin Roses,
Albrighton, Shrops; Avon Bulbs,
Bradford-on-Avon, Wilts; Ayletts
Nurseries, St Albans, Herts; Steven Bailey
Ltd, Sway, Hants; Bill Baker, Tidmarsh,
Berks; Batsford Arboretum, Moreton-in-
Marsh, Glos; Booker Seeds, Sleaford,
Lines; Rupert Bowlby, Reigate, Surrey;
Bressingham Gardens, Diss, Norfolk;

Roy Brooks, Newent, Glos; British Orchid
Growers' Association; Broadleigh
Gardens, Somerset; Burford House
Gardens, Tenbury Wells, Shrops;
Cambridge Bulbs, Newton, Cambs;

Nola Carr, Sydney, Australia; Beth Chatto
Gardens, Colchester, Essex; Chelsea
Physic Garden, London; Colegrave Seeds,
Banbury, Oxon; County Park Nurseries,
Hornchurch, Essex; Jill Cowley,
Chelmsford, Essex; Mrs Anne Dexter,
Oxford; Edrom Nurseries, Coldingham,
Berwicks; Dr Jack Elliott, Ashford, Kent;
Joe Elliott, Broadwell, Glos; Erdigg
(National Trust), Clwyd, Wales; Fibrex
Nurseries, Pebworth, Warwicks; Fisk's
Clematis Nursery, Westleton, Suffolk;

Mr & Mrs Thomas Gibson, Westwell,
Oxon; Glasgow Botanic Garden, Glasgow;
'Glazenwood', Braintree, Essex.

R. Harkness & Co. Ltd, Hitchin, Herts;
Harry Hay, Lower Kingswood, Surrey;

I Hazeldene Nurseries, East Farleigh, Kent;
Hidcote Manor (National Trust), Chipping
Camden, Glos; Hillier Gardens and
Arboretum, Romsey, Hants; Hillier
Nurseries (Winchester) Ltd, Romsey,
Hants; Holly Gate Cactus Nursery,
Ashington, Sussex; Hopleys Plants, Much
Hadham, Herts; Huntingdon Botanical
Gardens, San Marino, California;

W.E.Th. Ingwersen Ltd, East Grinstead,
Sussex; the late Clive Innes; Kelways
Nurseries, Langport, Somerset; Kiftsgate
Court Gardens, Chipping Camden, Glos;
Lechlade Fuchsia Centre, Lechlade, Glos;
The Living Desert, Palm Desert,
California; Robin Loder, Leonardslee,
Sussex; Los Angeles State and County
Arboreta and Botanical Gardens, Los
Angeles, California; Lotusland
Foundation, Santa Barbara, California;
McBeans Orchids, Lewes, Sussex; Merrist
Wood Agricultural College, Worplesdon,
Surrey; Mrs J.F. Phillips, Westwell, Oxon;
Mr & Mrs Richard Purdon, Ramsden,
Oxon; Ramparts Nurseries, Colchester,
Essex; Ratcliffe Orchids, Didcot, Oxon;
Mrs Joyce Robinson, Denmans, Fontwell,
Sussex; Peter Q. Rose, Castle Cary,
Somerset; Royal Botanic Garden,
Edinburgh; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,
Surrey; Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney,
Australia; Royal National Rose Society,

St Albans, Herts; Royal Horticultural
Society's Garden, Wisley, Surrey. Santa
Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara,
California; Savill Garden, Windsor, Berks;
Mr & Mrs K. Schoenenberger, Shipton-
under-Wychwood, Oxon; Mrs Martin
Simmons, Burghclere, Berks; Dr James
Smart, Barnstaple, Devon; Arthur Smith,
Wigston, Leics; P. J. Smith, Ashington,
Sussex; Springfields Gardens, Spalding,
Lines; Staite & Sons, Evesham, Worcs;
Stapeley Water Gardens, Nantwich,
Cheshire; Strybing Arboreta Society
of Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
California; David Stuart, Dunbar, East
Lothian; Suffolk Herbs, Sudbury, Suffolk;
University Botanic Garden, Cambridge;
University of British Columbia Botanical
Garden, Vancouver; University of
California Arboretum, Davis, California;
University of California Arboretum, Santa
Cruz, California; University of California
Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California;
University of California Botanical
Gardens, Los Angeles, California;
University of Reading Botanic Garden,
Reading, Berks; Unwins Seeds Ltd,

Histon, Cambridge; Jack Vass, Haywards
Heath, Sussex; Rosemary Verey, Barnsley,
Glos; Vesutor Air Plants, Ashington,
Sussex; Wakehurst Place (Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew), Ardingly, Sussex;
Primrose Warburg, Oxford; Waterperry
Gardens, Wheatley, Oxon; Westonbirt
Arboretum, Westonbirt, Glos; Woolman's
Nurseries, Dorridge, West Midlands;

Wyld Court Orchids, Newbury, Berks;

Eric Young Orchid Foundation, Jersey,
Channel Islands.

Dorling Kindersley would also like to
thank the following for their help with
the third North American edition:
Malavika Talukder, Eman Chowdhary,
Pakshalika Jayaprakash, Sreshtha
Bhattacharya, Kanarindhana Kathirvel,
Roma Malik, Antara Moitra, Neha Pande,
Rupa Rao, Neha Ruth Samuel, Himanshi
Sharma, Janashree Singha.

(c) 2012 Dorling Kindersley. All Rights Reserved.